GE MDS DS MERCODU5 User Manual
MDS Mercury Series
Secure, Long Range IP/Ethernet & Serial
Technical Manual
Covering Subscriber, Base, and Outdoor units (ODUs)
of the Mercury 16E Series
MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. B.1
OCTOBER 2011
Installation and Operation Guide
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Need Quick-Start instructions for this product? Please refer to publication 05-6301A01.
All GE MDS user guides are available online at www.gemds.com
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Product Models .............................................................................................................................2
1.2 Key Features .................................................................................................................................2
1.3 Key Specifications .........................................................................................................................3
2.0 QUICK-START INSTRUCTIONS..........................................................................................4
2.1 Connecting to the Device Manager ................................ ... ... .... ... ...................................... .... ........4
2.2 Configure IP Address and Identity .................................................................................................5
2.3 Basic Connectivity .........................................................................................................................7
Setup for Maximum Throughput ......................................................................................................9
3.0 FEATURE DESCRIPTIONS .................................................................................................9
3.1 Security Features ..........................................................................................................................9
Overview..........................................................................................................................................9
Authentication..................................................................................................................................9
User Authentication................. ... ....................................... ... ... ....................................... ... .............10
PKMv2 Device Authentication........................................................................................................10
X.509 Certificates...........................................................................................................................11
3.2 Multiple In / Multiple Out (MIMO) Operation ................................... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ......................11
3.3 ARQ and Hybrid ARQ .................................................................................................................12
ARQ Setup.....................................................................................................................................12
HARQ Setup..................................................................................................................................13
4.0 Performing Common Tasks.................................................................................................14
4.1 Basic Device Management ..........................................................................................................14
USB Console .................................................................................................................................14
Using Configuration Scripts .......................... .... ... ... ... .... ...................................... .... ... ...................15
Perform Firmware Upgrade ...........................................................................................................16
Instructions for Completing the Firmware Upgrade Process (Applies to all loading methods above)
17
Configuring Networking Features for VLAN................................... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ...18
Configure Serial Data Interface for TCP, UDP, MODBUS..............................................................21
Configure QOS ..............................................................................................................................25
Flow Parameters........................... .... ... ....................................... ... ... .............................................26
Quality of Service (QoS) Screen....................................................................................................27
Creating a Service Flow.................................................................................................................28
QOS Example: Low Latency...................... ... .... ...................................... .... ... ................................28
QOS Example: Controlling Bandwidth in Video Applications.........................................................28
QOS Example: Prioritizing a Data Flow.........................................................................................29
4.2 CONFIGURE SECURITY FEATURES & INTEGRATION WITH A RADIUS SERVER ...............31
Device Management Interface Configuration.................................................................................31
MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual i
User Accounts.................. .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ....................................... ... ... ..........................................31
4.3 RADIUS Server Configuration .....................................................................................................32
Creation of X.509 Certificates........................................................................................................33
Load X.509 Certificates..................................................................................................................33
Configure SNMPV3........................................................................................................................34
4.4 Use of the Antenna Alignment Tool .............................................................................................36
5.0 TROUBLESHOOTING........................................................................................................36
5.1 LED INDICATORS .......................................................................................................................36
5.2 WiMAX Statistics .........................................................................................................................37
5.3 Common Troubleshooting Scenarios ..........................................................................................37
6.0 SITE INSTALLATION GUIDE ............................................................................................. 38
6.1 General Requirements ................................................................................................................39
Mounting Considerations...............................................................................................................40
6.2 Site Selection ..............................................................................................................................40
6.3 Equipment Grounding .................................................................................................................41
6.4 LAN Port ......................................................................................................................................41
6.5 COM1 Port ..................................................................................................................................42
6.6 Antenna & Feedline Selection .....................................................................................................42
Antennas........................................................................................................................................43
Feedlines .......................................................................................................................................43
GPS cabling & Antenna.................................................................................................................44
6.7 Conducting a Site Survey ............................................................................................................44
6.8 A Word About Radio Interference ................................................................................................45
6.9 Radio (RF) Measurements ..........................................................................................................45
Transmitter Power Output and Antenna System SWR........................ ... .... ... ... ... ..........................46
Antenna Heading Optimization ......................................................................................................46
7.0 dBm-WATTS-VOLTS CONVERSION CHART.................................................................... 47
8.0 PERFORMANCE NOTES...................................................................................................48
8.1 Wireless Bridge ...........................................................................................................................48
8.2 Distance-Throughput Relationship ..............................................................................................49
8.3 Data Latency—TCP versus UDP Mode ......................................................................................49
8.4 Packets-per-Second (PPS) .........................................................................................................49
8.5 Subscriber-to-Subscriber Traffic ..................................................................................................50
8.6 Interference has a Direct Correlation to Throughput ................... ... ... ....................................... ...50
8.7 Placing the Radio Behind a Firewall ............................................................................................50
9.0 INDEX OF CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS...................................................................51
APPENDIX A—3650 MHz Band Information.............................................................................. 57
Band History ..................................................................................................................................57
Technical Details............................................................................................................................57
U.S. Map with Exclusion Zones .....................................................................................................58
ii MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A
Supported SNMP MIBs..................................................................................................................58
Accessories list.......... ... ... .... ... ... ....................................... ... ... ....................................... ................58
APPENDIX B—Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations................................................................ 59
Copyright and Trademark
This manual and all software described herein is protected by Copyright: 2011 GE MDS, LLC. All
rights reserved. GE MDS, LLC reserves its right to correct any errors and omissions in this publi-
cation. Modbus® is a registered trademark of Schneider Electric Corporation. All other trademarks
and product names are the property of their respective owners.
FCC Part 15 Notice
The transceiver series complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules for a Class A digital device. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference,
and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operation. Any unauthorized modification or changes to this device without the express
approval of GE MDS may void the user’s authority to operate this device. Furthermore, the Mercury Series is intended to be used only when installed in accordance with the instructions outlined
in this guide. Failure to comply with these instructions may void the user’s authority to operate the
device.
Industry Canada Notice
Industry Canada rules (SRSP 301.7) require that the power to the antenna on an 1800-1830 MHz
installation shall not exceed 2 watts in any 1 MHz channel bandwidth.
RF Exposure Notices (English and French)
1800 MHz Models Professional installation required. The radio equipment described in this guide emits radio fre-
quency energy. Although the power level is low, the concentrated energy from a directional
antenna may pose a health hazard. Do not allow people to come closer than 0.4 meters (15 inches)
to the antenna when the transmitter is operating in indoor or outdoor environments. More information on RF exposure is available on the Internet at www.fcc.gov/oet/info/documents/bulletins.
L'énergie concentrée en provenance d'une antenne directionnelle peut présenter un danger pour la
santé. Ne pas permettre aux gens de s'approcher à moins de 0.4 metres à l'avant de l'antenne lorsque
l'émetteur est en opération. On doit augmenter la distance proportionnellement si on utilise des
antennes ayant un gain plus élevé. Ce guide est destiné à être utilisé par un installateur professionnel. Plus d'informations sur l'exposition aux rayons RF peut être consulté en ligne à l'adresse
suivante: www.fcc.gov/oet/info/documents/bulletins
3650 MHz Models Professional installation required. The transceiver described here emits radio frequency energy.
Although the power level is low, the concentrated energy from a directional antenna may pose a
health hazard. Do not allow people to come closer than 25 cm (9.8 inches) to the antenna when the
transmitter is operating. This calculation is based on an 18 dBi panel antenna. Additional information on RF exposure is available on the Internet at www.fcc.gov/oet/info/documents/bulletins.
MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual iii
L'énergie concentrée en provenance d'une antenne directionnelle peut présenter un danger pour la
santé. Ne pas permettre aux gens de s'approcher à moins de 25 cm à l'avant de l'antenne lorsque
l'émetteur est en opération. On doit augmenter la distance proportionnellement si on utilise des
antennes ayant un gain plus élevé. Ce guide est destiné à être utilisé par un installateur professionnel. Plus d'informations sur l'exposition aux rayons RF peut être consulté en ligne à l'adresse
suivante: www.fcc.gov/oet/info/documents/bulletins.
5800 MHz Models Professional installation required. The radio equipment described in this guide emits radio
frequency energy. Although the power level is low, the concentrated energy from a directional
antenna may pose a health hazard. Do not allow people to come closer than 0.2 meters (8 inches)
to the antenna when the transmitter is operating in indoor or outdoor environments. More
information on RF exposure is available on the Internet at
www.fcc.gov/oet/info/documents/bulletins.
L'énergie concentrée en provenance d'une antenne directionnelle peut présenter un danger pour
lasanté. Ne pas permettre aux gens de s'approcher à moins de 0.2 metres à l'avant de l'antenne
lorsque l'émetteur est en opération. On doit augmenter la distance proportionnellement si on utilise
des antennes ayant un gain plus élevé. Ce guide est destiné à être utilisé par un installateur
professionnel. Plus d'informations sur l'exposition aux rayons RF peut être consulté en ligne à
l'adresse suivante: www.fcc.gov/oet/info/documents/bulletins
FCC Co-location Requirements: To meet FCC co-location requirements for transmitting
antennas, a 20 cm (7.87 inch) separation distance is required between the unit’s Wi-Fi and fundamental antennas.
Ethernet and Serial Cables
The use of shielded Ethernet and serial cables are required to ensure EMC compliance when operating this equipment.
Manual Revision and Accuracy
This manual was prepared to cover a specific version of firmware code. Accordingly, some screens
and features may differ from the actual unit you are working with. While every reasonable effort
has been made to ensure the accuracy of this publication, product improvements may also result in
minor differences between the manual and the product shipped to you. If you have additional questions or need an exact specification for a product, please contact GE MDS using the information at
the back of this guide. In addition, manual updates can often be found on our web site at
www.gemds.com.
iv MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A
Environmental Information
Battery Disposal
—This product may contain a battery. Batteries must be disposed of properly,
and may
not
documentation for specific battery information. Batteries are marked with a symbol, which may
include lettering to indicate cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), or mercury (Hg). For proper recycling
return the battery to your supplier or to a designated collection point. For more information see:
www.weeerohsinfo.com
The manufacture of this equipment has required the extraction and use of natural resources.
Improper disposal may contaminate the environment and present a health risk due to hazardous
substances contained within. To avoid dissemination of these substances into our environment, and
to limit the demand on natural resources, we encourage you to use the appropriate recycling systems for disposal. These systems will reuse or recycle most of the materials found in this equipment
in a sound way. Please contact GE MDS or your supplier for more information on the proper disposal of this equipment.
be disposed of as unsorted municipal waste in the European Union. See the product
Product Test Data Sheets
Test Data Sheets showing the original factory test results for this unit are available upon request
from the GE MDS Quality Leader. Contact the factory using the information at the back of this
manual. Serial numbers must be provided for each product where a Test Data Sheet is required.
MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual v
vi MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A
1.0 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The GE MDS Mercury SeriesTM transceiver is an easy-to-install
WiMAX solution offering extended range, secure operation, and
multi-megabit performance in a compact and rugged package. Mercury
is ideally suited for applications in Smart Grid Electric Utility, Oil/Gas,
Water/Wastewater, and other industrial uses in fixed location
environments where reliability, security, throughput, and range are
paramount.
Figure 1. Mercury MIMO Series Transceiver
(Top: Base Station, Bottom: Subscriber Unit)
Mercury transceivers are commonly used to convey SCADA traffic,
automated metering, distribution automation, command and control
traffic, text documents, graphics, e-mail, video, Voice over IP (VoIP),
and a variety of other application data between field devices and
WAN/LAN-based entities.
Based on multi-carrier Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM), the transceiver features high speed/low latency, Quality of
Service (QoS), Ethernet and serial encapsulation, and MIMO-enhanced
performance. It also provides enhanced security features including
128-bit AES encryption and EAP-TLS IEEE 802.1x Device
Authentication. These features make the Mercury system the best
combination of security, range, and speed of any industrial wireless
solution on the market today.
MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual 1
1.1 Product Models
The Mercury transceiver is available in several different product
models:
• The indoor Base Station (BS) acts as the center of each
point-to-multipoint network. It has two RJ-45 Ethernet ports
and a DB-9 RS-232 serial port for data connections.
• The indoor Subscriber Unit (SU) acts as one of the multipoints
in the network. It also has two RJ-45 Ethernet ports and a DB-9
RS-232 serial port for data connections.
• The Outdoor Subscriber Unit (ODU) is a weatherproof ver-
sion of the standard Subscriber Unit. The ODU has one RJ-45
Ethernet port and a DB-9 serial port for data connections.
The key features and options for the various models are listed in Table 1
below.
Table 1. Mercury Models and Interfaces
Interfaces Base Station Indoor Subscriber Outdoor Subscriber
Ethernet ports 2 RJ-45 Ethernet with
built-in Layer 2 switch
Serial port 1 DB-9 RS-232 1 DB-9 RS-232 1 DB-9 RS-232
USB 1 USB host port
1 USB device port
WiMAX Dual TNC for MIMO Dual TNC for MIMO Internal RF connections
GPS Internal receiver with
SMA connector
Antenna External External 15 dBi panel ant. for 1800
Wi-Fi Optional* Optional*
* Expected availability: Late 2011
2 RJ-45 Ethernet with
built-in Layer 2 switch
1 USB host port
1 USB device port
Optional internal receiver
with SMA connector
1 RJ-45 Ethernet. May be
ordered as Power over
Ethernet or AC model
1 USB host port
None
18 dBi panel ant. for 3650
Panel antenna for 5800
1.2 Key Features
The Mercury transceiver supports:
• WiMAX IEEE 802.16-2005interoperability
• Scalable OFDM using 512 or 1024 subcarriers
• 2x2 MIMO on all models supporting Matrix A and Matrix B
Space Time Coding, Spatial Multiplexing, Maximum Ratio
Combining, and Maximum Likelihood Detection
• PKMv2 security including AES-CCM 128-bit encryption,
EAP-TLS, and X.509 digital certificates
• Hybrid ARQ up to Category 4
2 MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A
• Adaptive modulation from QPSK with 1/2-rate FEC coding to
64-QAM with 5/6-rate coding
• Quality of Service (QoS) including:
• Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS),
• Real-time polling service (RTPS),
• Non-real-time polling service (nRTPS)
• Enhanced real-time polling service (eRTPS)
• Best Effort (BE)
1.3 Key Specifications
Table 2 lists key operational specifications for the Mercury Transceiver.
Table 2. Key Specifications
Primary
Wireless
Local
Interfaces
(indoor
models)
Local
Interfaces
(ODU models)
Frequency
Bands
Frequency
step size
Bandwidth 3.5, 5, 7, 8.75, and 10 MHz
RF Power
Output
Transmitter
Dynamic
Range
Antenna 18 00 Subscriber: 15 dBi panel, dual-polarized
IEEE 802.16E-2005 WiMAX
Two channel WiMAX, TNC connectors
Dual 10/100 Ethernet, RJ-45, auto-sense, auto-midx
DB9 Serial Port
USB host and device ports
GPS receiver, SMA connector (Optional on Subscriber)
(1) 10/100 Ethernet, RJ-45, auto-sense, auto-midx
DB-9 Serial Port
USB Host
1800 to 1830 MHz (Industry Canada)
3650 to 3675 MHz (FCC, Industry Canada)
5725 to 5825 MHz
250 kHz
All models 30 dBm, except 3650 ODU at 23 dBm
5800: 23 dBm
60 dB, 1 dB step size
1800 Base Station: 12 dBi sector, dual-polarized, 120
3650 Subscriber: 18 dBi panel, dual-polarized
3650 Base Station: 14 dBi sector, dual-polarized, 120o beamwidth
5800 Subscriber: 18 dBi panel, dual-polarized
5800 Base Station: 16 dBi sector, dual-polarized, 90
o
beamwidth
o
beamwidth
MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual 3
Table 2. Key Specifications
Input Power Indoor units: 10 to 60 VDC
Outdoor units:
Power over Ethernet
10 to 60 VDC
110/220 VA
Power
consumption
Operating
temperature
Unit
Dimensions
(excluding
connectors)
3650 Indoor Base Station: 14W Average, 21W Transmit
3650 Indoor Subscriber: 5W Average, 13W Transmit
3650 ODU: 5W Average, 8W Transmit
1800 Indoor Base Station: 16W Average, 25W Transmit
1800 Indoor Subscriber: 7W Average, 18W Transmit
1800 ODU: 7W Average, 18W Transmit
5800 BS: _W Average, _W Transmit
5800 SU: _W Average, _W Transmit
5800 ODU: _W Average, _W Transmit
-30 to +70 C
4.5 x 7.75 x 2.75 inches
11.43 x 19.69 x 6.99 cm
2.0 QUICK-START INSTRUCTIONS
2.1 Connecting to the Device Manager
The Mercury transceiver provides an on-board web server, known as the
Device Manager, for configuration and diagnostics. Each transceiver
needs to have some basic configuration parameters set before placing
the unit in service. To start the Device Manager, connect an Ethernet
cable from the Mercury to the PC used for configuration. The radio’s
Ethernet interfaces have auto-sense detection allowing a
straight-through or crossover cable to be used.
NOTE: The PC used for radio management must be in the radio’s
default IP Subnet for communications to take place. It can be
changed once the desired IP address is chosen.
To manage the radio, start a web browser and enter the unit’s IP address.
The transceiver defaults to an IP address 192.168.1.1 and netmask
255.255.255.0. The Mercury will prompt for a username and password.
The default entries for both of these fields are
NOTE: In case of a lost password and an inability to login, see the
Troubleshooting section for details on resetting the password
and the unit's configuration.
admin.
Once connected to the Device Manager, the summary page shown in
Figure 2 is displayed.
4 MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A
Invisible place holder
Figure 2. Mercury Summary Page Example
(Shows connection after IP address has been changed)
2.2 Configure IP Address and Identity
The IP Address of the unit is configured on the Configuration - IP &
Networking page. The IP address and netmask should be set according to
the network configuration defined by the system administrator. Note
that if the IP address is changed, the web browser session will need to
be re-started with the new configuration.
MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual 5
Invisible place holder
Figure 3. Mercury Configuration Screen
In addition to the IP address, the unit can be configured with an optional
Device Name for ease of administration. The name can be set on the
Configuration - Identity & Time page.
Invisible place holder
Figure 4. Mercury Configuration —Identity & Time
6 MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A
2.3 Basic Connectivity
To establish basic connectivity between a Base Station and a Subscriber,
start the configuration with the Base Station. The IP address and Device
Name will be as set from the factory (or by the previous user). The
Configuration - Radio page contains the key parameters for configuring the
WiMAX interface.
Invisible place holder
Figure 5. Mercury Configuration—Radio
The frequency defaults to 3662.5 MHz and the bandwidth is set to 3.5
MHz. These default values are sufficient to perform benchtop testing
prior to final installation. Set the frequency and bandwidth to the same
values on the Base Station and Subscriber. If performing the test on a
table, cable the units as shown in Figure 6. The attenuator cables should
be connected to the radio’s TX/RX connectors.
NOTE: The frequency default for the 1800 model is 1815 MHz. For
the 5800 model it is 5800 MHz.
MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual 7
Invisible place holder
Figure 6. Benchtop Test Setup
Use the Maintenance & Status - Performance page on the Subscriber to
monitor the establishment of the link.
Invisible place holder
Figure 7. Maintenance and Status Screen
The Wireless Network Status will display a Connection Status of
OPERATIONAL when the Subscriber is successfully linked to the Base
Station. The WiMAX Radio Status pane displays the signal strength and
quality. For a cabled, benchtop test, an RSSI of -70 dBm is acceptable.
For a -70dBm signal, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 28 dB or greater
is expected.
8 MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A
Setup for Maximum Throughput
To demonstrate maximum throughput, several configuration changes
must be made. In addition, the link needs to be cabled according to
Figure 6, with a strong signal, that is, above -70dBm. If necessary, the
link attenuation should be adjusted to reach the desired RSSI level. The
transmit power of the Base Station should be reduced to 10 dBm to
ensure that the Subscriber only receives the signal through the cables
and not directly from enclosure to enclosure.
With this strong signal the modulation rate downlink and uplink should
be 64QAM FEC 5/6. There may need to be data flow, such as an ICMP
ping, in order to have the modems shift up to this modulation rate. Both
the Base Station and Subscriber need to be set for MIMO Type Matrix
A/B. The Base Station should have HARQ (4) enabled and ARQ
disabled. These changes are made using the Configuration - Radio page.
This setup and configuration can be used with any RF bandwidth.
Approximate aggregate throughput for each bandwidth is given below.
Table 3. Throughput Ratings (Nominal)
Bandwidth Aggregate
3.5 MHz 7 Mbps
5 MHz 10 Mbps
7 MHz 15 Mbps
8.75 MHz 16 Mbps
10 MHz 17 Mbps
Throughput
3.0 FEATURE DESCRIPTIONS
3.1 Security Features
Overview
The Mercury transceiver employs many security features to keep the
device, network, and data secure. Some of these features include
WiMAX PKMv2, EAP-TLS, and AES-CCM encryption on the
WiMAX interface and HTTPS, SNMPv3, and RADIUS authentication
for the configuration interfaces.
Authentication
Authentication is the process by which one network entity verifies that
another entity is who or what it claims to be and has the right to join the
network and use its services. Authentication in wireless SCADA
networks has two primary forms: User Authentication and Device
MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual 9
Authentication. User authentication allows a device to ensure that a user
may access the device's configuration and services. Device
authentication allows a network server to verify that a device may access
the network.
User Authentication
The Mercury transceiver requires user login with an account and
password in order to access the Device Manager. This process can be
managed locally in which the device stores the user account information
in its on-board non-volatile memory, or remotely in which a RADIUS
server is used. The transceiver has two local accounts: operator and
admin. The operator account has read-only access to configuration
parameters and performance data. The admin user has read-write access
to all parameters and data.
NOTE: The Operator account does not have access through the web
interface. An Operator account may be used with the console,
Telnet, or SSH.
To centralize the management of user accounts, a RADIUS server may
be used. Each Mercury transceiver must be configured with the IP
address, port, shared secret, and authentication protocol of a RADIUS
server. When a user attempts to login, the credentials will be forwarded
to the RADIUS server for validation.
PKMv2 Device Authentication
The IEEE 802.16-2005 WiMAX standard uses PKMv2 for securing the
wireless channel. PKMv2 stands for Privacy Key Management version
2. The Privacy Key Management protocol is used to exchange keying
material from the Base Station to the Subscriber. This keying material is
used to encrypt data so that it is secure during transport over the air. The
encryption keys are routinely rotated to ensure security.
Initial keying material is obtained during the device authentication
process. This occurs when a Subscriber attempts to join a Base Station.
The Base Station initiates an EAP-TLS negotiation with the Subscriber
to begin the device authentication process. The Subscriber is only
allowed to transmit EAP messages until the authentication has finished
successfully. The Base Station forwards messages to the RADIUS
server where the decision to allow the Subscriber to join is made. If the
Subscriber authenticates successfully and the RADIUS server allows
the Subscriber to join the network, then the data encryption keying
material is sent to the Base Station. The Base Station then continues the
PKM protocol to further derive keying material that is used to secure
transmissions between the Base Station and the Subscriber.
10 MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A
The Subscriber must be configured with X.509 certificates that are
appropriate for the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) in which they are
deployed. These certificates are used to identify and authenticate the
Subscriber to the RADIUS sever.
X.509 Certificates
A digital certificate, often known as an X.509 certificate, is a file that
contains identification data and asymmetric key material. Each
certificate contains a Common Name that identifies the user or device
that owns the certificate. The primary information in the certificate is the
public key for the user or device and a digital signature proving the
authenticity of the certificate's contents.
The Mercury transceiver uses X.509 certificates in the EAP-TLS
handshake during device authentication as described in the PKMv2
section above.
3.2 Multiple In / Multiple Out (MIMO) Operation
MIMO stands for Multiple In / Multiple Out. The Mercury transceiver
features 2x2 MIMO on all models. This means that there are two full
transmit and receive channels on each device. The use of 2x2 MIMO
causes the Mercury transceiver to have higher throughput and greater
range and coverage than single channel devices in the same
environment.
There are two operating modes that the Mercury supports. The first
mode is Matrix A in which the Mercury uses Space-Time Coding (STC)
on the transmitter to allow it to send the same data on each channel but
coded differently in order to get transmit diversity. On the receive side,
the Mercury transceiver uses Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) to
more accurately reconstruct the received signal by using both receive
channels.
The second mode is Matrix B in which the Mercury uses Spatial
Multiplexing (SM) to send different data flows on each channel
allowing it to effectively double the amount of data transmitted. The
Mercury offers a Matrix A/B setting in which the transceivers determine
in real time which mode, Matrix A or Matrix B, to use according to the
channel conditions. This determination is made based on the SNR and
Packet Error Rate (PER).
GE MDS sells antennas that are dual-polarized for MIMO applications.
This includes sector antennas for Base Stations and panel antennas for
Subscribers. Each antenna has two feed lines, one for the vertically
polarized element, and one for the horizontally polarized element.
MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual 11
3.3 ARQ and Hybrid ARQ
Automatic Retransmission Request (ARQ) enables retransmission of
erroneous or lost data packets. Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) combines forward
error correction with ARQ retransmissions to improve performance at
lower RF signal levels.
With ARQ, the receiver discards erroneous packets and requests
retransmission. With HARQ, erroneous packets are saved by the
receiver and combined with the retransmitted data. Generally, HARQ
provides better throughput than ARQ. While ARQ and HARQ can be
enabled at the same time, it is not recommended to do so because
throughput will be less than if either ARQ or HARQ was enabled on its
own.
ARQ and HARQ can be enabled or disabled in the ARQ/HARQ Settings
table of the Configuration-Radio page on the Base Station.
ARQ Setup
ARQ utilizes a sliding window approach where a “window” of blocks
can be transmitted without receiving acknowledgement from the
receiver. ARQ blocks that are unacknowledged will be resent. You can
specify the block and window size at the Base Station, as well as Block
Lifetime, Transmitter Delay, and Receiver Delay.
• ARQ Block Size - The size, in bytes, of the block of data to be
considered for retransmission.
• ARQ Window Size - The number of blocks of ARQ data that
can be transmitted without receiving an acknowledgment.
• ARQ Block Lifetime - The maximum period, in milliseconds,
that the ARQ block is considered still valid and can be retransmitted.
• ARQ Transmitter Delay - The amount of delay time, in milliseconds, at the transmitter.
• ARQ Receiver Delay - The amount of delay time, in milliseconds, at the receiver. The Receiver Delay taken together with
the Transmitter Delay determines the total ARQ retry timeout.
Use the Configuration - Radio page to set ARQ parameters on the Base
Station. ARQ/HARQ settings are located at the bottom of the page.
12 MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A
HARQ Setup
Invisible place holder
Figure 8. Configuration—Radio
(ARQ/HARQ Settings)
A HARQ Category may be set on the Subscriber. Higher category
numbers provide a higher number of HARQ channels and more bursts
per frame. Therefore, the greatest throughput will be obtained at HARQ
category 4. For more information on HARQ categories, refer to the
WiMAX Forum Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement
(PICS), or the IEEE-802.16 Standard, OFDMA Parameters.
Use the Configuration - Radio page on the Subscriber to set the HARQ
Category
value. This value is located at the bottom of the page.
MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual 13
Invisible place holder
Figure 9. Configuration—Radio
(HARQ Category Setting)
Installing the Gadget Serial Driver:
4.0 Performing Common Tasks
4.1 Basic Device Management
There are several ways to configure and monitor the Mercury
transceiver. The most common method is to use a web browser to
connect to the device's HTTP server. This can be done by opening a web
browser and entering the Mercury's IP address. Another way to connect,
especially if the IP address is unknown, is to use the USB interface.
Simply connect a standard-A/mini-B USB cable between the Mercury
transceiver and the PC or laptop. A Windows device driver needs to be
installed if the USB console port is to be used. This driver is available
from GE MDS.
USB Console
To connect a PC or laptop to the transceiver's USB port, a serial device
driver needs to be installed on the PC or laptop. This can be done by
downloading the
the contents to a temporary folder. Next, right-click on the
and click Install. Once this is completed, the PC is ready to be connected
to the Mercury transceiver's USB device (gadget) port.
gserial.zip file from the GE MDS website and extracting
gserial.inf file
Connecting the device to a Windows PC:
Upon reboot or power-cycle of the transceiver, wait at least 60 seconds
before connecting it to the PC. Connect the USB Mini-B port on the
transceiver to a USB port on the PC (the USB type A connector on the
Mercury will not work). Next, on the PC, run the following:
14 MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A
Start>>Control Panel>>System>>Hardware>>Device Manager
Next, expand the group labeled Ports (COM & LPT). A new COM port will
appear as Gadget Serial when the device is connected. Open a new session
for the newly added COM port using a terminal program such as
PuTTY, HyperTerminal, ProComm, etc. Note that the baud rate will be
ignored as this is not an actual serial port.
Using Configuration Scripts
Configuration scripts can be used to save, restore, and copy
configurations from unit to unit. The script is a text file containing a
simple list of parameter names and values. A snippet of a configuration
file follows:
IP Address: 192.168.1.1 ; IP address of the unit
IP Netmask: 255.255.0.0 ; IP netmask of the unit
RF bandwidth: 3.5 ; WiMAX RF bandwidth
Frequency: 3662.5 ; WiMAX operating frequency
To get started with configuration files, it is easiest to have a unit
generate a file. The generated file can then be saved, modified, and/or
downloaded to another unit in identical fashion. The transceiver’s
Maintenance & St atus - Configu ration Files page can be used to generate the
file. The file can be transferred to and from the unit via TFTP, FTP,
SFTP, or USB flash drive. Choose the appropriate value for the File
Media parameter. If using TFTP, FTP, or SFTP, configure the Host
Address parameter with the IP address of the host server.
NOTE: A USB flash drive, if used, must be formatted for use by
Microsoft Windows (FAT32 format).
MDS 05-6302A01, Rev. A MDS Mercury 16E Technical Manual 15
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