GE MDS DS-CW500 Installation manual
CarrierComm
CarrierWave-100/155
User Reference and Installation Manual
Document Number: MK-MAN-01 Rev: B
Date: 11 March 2003
CarrierWave Digital Radio Manual Dwg # MK-MAN-01; Revision Levels: A
Section Drawing No: REV Revised /
Released
CW-100
CW-155
MK-MAN-01 A SN Initial Release
B Added antenna professional installation
Reason
and FCC clarification statements.
MK-MAN-01 CarrierWave Digital Radio
Table of Contents
1 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ............................................................................................................. 1-1
2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION..............................................................................................................2-1
2.1 About This Manual ...........................................................................................................................................................2-1
2.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................2-1
2.3 System Features.................................................................................................................................................................2-4
2.4 Physical Description ..........................................................................................................................................................2-5
2.4.1 Model Types ...............................................................................................................................................................2-5
2.4.2 Front Panel Indicators ................................................................................................................................................2-6
2.4.3 Rear Panel Connections............................................................................................................................................2-8
2.5 System Description .........................................................................................................................................................2-10
2.6 Consecutive Point Architecture .................................................................................................................................. 2-12
2.7 Power Management........................................................................................................................................................2-15
2.8 CarrierWave iWareTM Software and Network Management ............................................................................ 2-16
3 INSTALLATION...........................................................................................................................3-1
3.1 Unpacking............................................................................................................................................................................3-1
3.2 Notices ..................................................................................................................................................................................3-2
3.3 PRE-INSTALLATION NOTES ....................................................................................................................................3-2
3.3.1 Back-to-Back Bench Testing....................................................................................................................................3-2
3.4 Overview of Installation and Testing Process...........................................................................................................3-3
3.5 Site Evaluation....................................................................................................................................................................3-5
3.5.1 Preparing for a Site Evaluation................................................................................................................................3-5
3.5.2 Site Evaluation Process .............................................................................................................................................3-6
3.5.3 Critical System Calculations....................................................................................................................................3-8
3.5.4 Documenting a Site Evaluation..............................................................................................................................3-11
3.6 Installation of the CarrierWave Digital Radio.......................................................................................................3-14
3.6.1 Installing the CarrierWave IDU.............................................................................................................................3-14
3.6.2 Installing the CarrierWave ODU............................................................................................................................3-15
3.6.3 Routing the ODU/IDU Interconnect Cable..........................................................................................................3-20
3.6.4 Grounding the System.............................................................................................................................................3-21
3.7 Configuration of the CarrierWave Digital Radio..................................................................................................3-23
3.7.1 Materials Required...................................................................................................................................................3-23
3.7.2 IDU Configuration Process....................................................................................................................................3-24
3.7.3 Documenting CarrierWave Digital Radio Configuration ..................................................................................3-34
4 FRONT PANEL OPERATION.......................................................................................................4-1
4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................4-1
4.2 Front Panel Operation .....................................................................................................................................................4-1
4.2.1 LCD Display................................................................................................................................................................4-1
4.2.2 Cursor and Screen Control Buttons .........................................................................................................................4-2
4.3 LED Status Indicators ......................................................................................................................................................4-3
4.4 Screen Menus......................................................................................................................................................................4-4
4.4.1 Text Screens................................................................................................................................................................4-5
CarrierWave Digital Radio MK-MAN-01
4.4.2 Menu Screen................................................................................................................................................................4-5
4.5 Menu Tree Structure ........................................................................................................................................................4-7
4.6 Screen Menu Summaries..............................................................................................................................................4-11
4.6.1 Modify Config/Link Params ...................................................................................................................................4-12
4.6.2 Modify Config/TX Control.....................................................................................................................................4-13
4.6.3 Modify Config/Adaptive Pwr Ctrl.........................................................................................................................4-14
4.6.4 Display Config/Display RX Config/Radio ...........................................................................................................4-14
4.6.5 Display Config/Display Rx Config/Demod/Decoder.........................................................................................4-14
4.6.6 Display Config/Display TX Config/Radio...........................................................................................................4-15
4.6.7 Display Config/Display Tx Config/Mod/Encoder..............................................................................................4-15
4.6.8 Display Config/Adaptive Pwr Ctrl.........................................................................................................................4-16
4.6.9 Display Config/Network Config............................................................................................................................4-16
4.6.10 Display Config/OA&M Params .............................................................................................................................4-17
4.6.11 Monitor Status/Display RX Status........................................................................................................................4-17
4.6.12 Monitor Status/Display Cur Alarms ......................................................................................................................4-17
5 SUMMARY SPECIFICATION .......................................................................................................5-1
6 REAR PANEL CONNECT ORS .....................................................................................................6-1
6.1 DC Input (Power) Connector .........................................................................................................................................6-1
6.2 CarrierWave-100 Ethernet 100BaseTX Payload LOC Connector......................................................................6-1
6.3 CarrierWave-100 Ethernet 100BaseTX CPT Connector .......................................................................................6-3
6.4 CarrierWave-155 SONET Payload Connector .........................................................................................................6-3
6.5 NMS 10/100BaseTX LOC Connector ..........................................................................................................................6-4
6.6 NMS 10/100BaseTX CPT Connector...........................................................................................................................6-5
6.7 Alarm Port Connector ......................................................................................................................................................6-6
6.8 T1- A Wayside Channel Connector..............................................................................................................................6-7
6.9 T1- B Wayside Channel Connector ..............................................................................................................................6-8
6.10 ODU Connector ..................................................................................................................................................................6-8
7 APPENDIX .................................................................................................................................. 7-1
7.1 Abbreviations & Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................7-1
7.2 Conversion Chart..............................................................................................................................................................7-4
MK-MAN-01 CarrierWave Digital Radio
1 Safety Precautions
PLEASE READ THESE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS!
RF Energy Health Hazard
The radio equipment described in this guide uses radio frequency transmitters. Although the
power level is low, the concentrated energy from a directional antenna may pose a health hazard.
Do not allow people to come in close proximity to the front of the antenna while the transmitter is
operating. The antenna will be professional installed on fixed-mounted outdoor permanent
structures to provide separation from any other antenna and all persons as detailed on page 1-2.
Protection from Lightning
Article 810 of the US National Electric Department of Energy Handbook 1996 specifies that radio
and television lead-in cables must have adequate surge protection at or near the point of entry to
the building. The code specifies that any shielded cable from an external antenna must have the
shield directly connected to a 10 AWG wire that connects to t he building ground electrode.
AB-Full Access Digital Radio MK-MAN-01
1-2 Safety Precautions
FCC Notice, USA
Axxcelera Digital Radios comply with Part 15 of the FCC rules. The radios are specifically
designed to be used under Part 15, Section 15.247 of the FCC rules and regulations. Operat ion is
subject to followin g conditions:
• The device to utilize a fixed mount ant enna, for use on a permanent outd oor structure.
• The device to be installed by qualified installation/deployment personnel. When the
device is operating, a minimum separation must exist between the device and persons as
shown in the table below. The minimum distance is dependent up on ant enna size.
Antenna Size Minimum Distance (meters)
Integrated Antenna 2.0
External Antenna: <=3' dia. (gain <= 31.2dBi) 2.0
External Antenna: <=4' dia. (gain <= 35.3dBi) 3.0
External Antenna: <=6' dia. (gain <= 38.3dBi)) 4.2
• The device installers and operators should be aware of the transmitter operating
conditions, specified in the installation manual and other associated user documentation,
as well as the antenna co-location requirements of Part 1.1307 (b) (3), of FCC rules,
pertaining to RF expo sure.
• The device may not cause har mful interference.
• The device must accept interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operation.
The device is intended to be used only when installed in accordance with instructions outlined in
this manual. Failure to comply with these instructions may void the user's authority to operate
this device and/or the manufacturer's warranty. Furthermore, any unauthorized modification or
changes to this device without the express approval of Axxcelera may also void the user's
authority to operate this dev ice.
FCC Part 15 Notice
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial
environment. This equipme nt generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not
installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to
radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area may cause harmful
interference, in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his expense.
Any external data or audio conn ection to this equipment must use shielded cables.
MK-MAN-01 AB-Full Access Digital Radio
2 System Description
2.1 About This Manual
This manual is written for those who are involved in the “hands-on” installation of the CarrierWave
Digital Radio, such as installation technicians, site evaluators, project managers, and network
engineers. It assumes the reader has a basic understanding of how to install hardware, use
Windows based software, and operate test equipment.
2.2 Introduction
The CarrierWave family of digital license-free radios provides high capacity transmission,
flexibility, features, and convenience for wireless digital communications networks. The
CarrierWave digital radios are spectrum and data rate scalable, enabling service providers or
organizations to trade-off system gain with spectral efficiency and channel availability for optimal
network connectivity. CarrierComm’s digital radio family enables service providers and
enterprises to offer a portfolio of secure, scalable wireless applications for data, video, and Voice
over IP (VoIP).
The CarrierWave digital radio family operates in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM)
band of 5.725 to 5.850 GHz, which is typically referred generically as 5.8 GHz. The
CarrierWave Digital Radio family supports two types of user data payload connectivity:
• SONET/SDH wireless bridging between two fixed coordinated locations without the delay
and expense of trenching fiber or the added costs of leasing dedicated OC-3 lines.
• 100Base-TX intelligent bridging between two locations without the delay and expense of
installing cable or traditional microwave
- Scalable Ethernet capability of 25 and 50 Mbps is included. These scalable radios
provide LAN connectivity and offer performance trade-offs between operational
bandwidths, data rates, and distance.
For customers such as cellular carriers requiring backhaul and backbone extension as well
as service providers requiring network redundancy, new Points of Presence (POPs), and last
mile access, the CarrierWave-155 radio is a cost effective alternative to leased lines with
carrier-class quality of performance. The CarrierWave-100 radio is a cost effective solution
to meet the growing demand for enterprise Local Area Network (LAN) connectivity between
buildings and campuses as well as service providers requiring reliable products for
infrastructure expansion, extending Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) fiber access, and
network redundancy.
CarrierWave Digital Radio MK-MAN-01
2-2 System Description
The CarrierWave Digital Radio includes integrated Operations, Administration, Maintenance, and
Provisioning (OAM&P) functionality and design features enabling simple commissioning when the
radio network is initially set up in the field at the customer’s premises. Furthermore, a highlight of
CarrierComm’s radio products is scalability and the capability to support a ring-type architecture.
This ring or consecutive point radio architecture is self-healing in the event of an outage in the link
and automatically re-routes data traffic, thereby ensuring that service to the end user is not
interrupted.
The overall architecture consists of a single 2RU rack mount Indoor Unit (IDU) with a cable
connecting to an Outdoor Unit (ODU) with an integrated antenna. There is an option for
interfacing the ODU with an external antenna (contact factory for availability). The IDU/ODU
architecture is advantageous when compared to a single IDU with external mount antenna since
supporting a signal of 5.8 GHz from the IDU rack to the antenna will experience significant signal
degradation requiring expensive coaxial cable or waveguide.
Figure 2-1. CarrierWave IDU/ODU Architecture
Table 2-1 lists key features that CarrierWave technology offers to those involved in the design,
deployment and support of broadband fixed wireless networks.
Table 2-1. Key Benefits and Advantages of CarrierWave Digital Radios
Benefits Advantages to Providers/Customers Reference
Wireless license-exempt system
ISM bands do not require expensive
license band fees or incur licensing delays.
Wireless connectivity supplements existing
fiber (SONET) or cable (Ethernet).
Fast return on investment.
Lower total cost of total ownership.
Media diversity avoids single points of
failure.
2.2 – 2.4
MK-MAN-01 CarrierWave Digital Radio
User Reference and Installation Manual 2-3
Table 2-1. CarrierWave Digital Radio Benefits and Advantages to Providers
(continued)
Benefits Advantages to Providers/Customers Reference
Easy to install units
Straightforward modular system enables
fast deployment and activation.
Carrier-class reliability.
Complete support of payload capacity with additional wayside channels
Aggregate capacity beyond basic payload
(50 Mbps or 100 Mbps or 155 Mbps).
Scalable and spectrally efficient system.
Separate networks for radio
overhead/management and user payload.
Ring Architecture
Supports a ring (consecutive point)
configuration, thus creating a self-healing
redundancy that is more reliable than
traditional point-to-point networks.
In the event of an outage, traffic is
automatically rerouted via another part of
the ring without service interruption.
Fast return on investment.
No monthly leased line fees.
Increases available bandwidth of network.
Allows customer full use of revenue-
generating payload channel.
T1 wayside channels supports extension
of PBX connectivity between buildings
without additional leased-line costs.
Lowers total cost of ownership.
Enables network scalability.
Increases deployment scenarios for initial
deployment as well as network expansion
with reduced line-of-sight issues.
Increases network reliability due to selfhealing redundancy of the network.
3.1
2.2 – 2.5
2.4 – 2.5, 2.6,
3.7, 4.4
Ring/consecutive point networks can
overcome line-of-sight issues and reach
more buildings than other traditional
wireless networks.
Networks can be expanded by adding
more CarrierWave Digital Radios or more
rings without interruption of service.
A separate management channel allows
for a dedicated maintenance ring with
connections to each CarrierWave Digital
Radio on the ring.
CarrierWave Digital Radio MK-MAN-01
Minimizes total cost of ownership and
maintenance of the network.
Allows for mass deployment.
2-4 System Description
Table 2-1. CarrierWave Digital Radio Benefits and Advantages to Providers
(continued)
Benefits Advantages to Providers/Customers Reference
Adaptive Power Control
Automatically adjusts transmit power in
discrete increments in response to RF
interference
Comprehensive Link/Network Management Software
A graphical user interface offers security,
configuration, fault, and performance
management via standard craft interfaces.
Suite of SNMP-compatible network
management tools that provide robust
local and remote management capabilities.
Enables dense deployment.
Simplifies deployment and network
management.
Simplifies management of radio network
and minimizes resources as entire network
can be centrally managed out of any
location.
Simplifies troubleshooting of single radios,
links, or entire networks.
Simplifies network upgrades with remote
software upgrades.
Allows for mass deployment.
2.3 System Features
2.5, 2.7
2.8, 3.7, 4.5
§ Selectable Rates
o CarrierWave-100/Ethernet: 25, 50, and 100 Mbps
o CarrierWave-155/SONET: 155 Mbps
§ Selectable Spectral Efficiency of 5 bits/Hz
§ QPSK, 16 –64 QAM Modulation
§ Powerful Trellis Coded Modulation concatenated with Reed-Solomon Error Correction
§ Built-in Adaptive Equalizer
§ Support of T1 Wayside Channels
o CarrierWave-100: 2 T1 channels
o CarrierWave-155: 1 T1 channel
MK-MAN-01 CarrierWave Digital Radio
User Reference and Installation Manual 2-5
§ Peak output power: +30 dBm
§ Receive Sensitivity: -81 dBm (or lower, depending on data rate/modulation/FEC)
§ Adaptive Power Control
§ Built-in Network Management System (NMS)
§ Consecutive Point ring architecture
§ Built-in Bit Error Rate (BER) performance monitoring
2.4 Physical Description
The following section details the physical features of the CarrierWave digital radios
• Model types
• Front and rear panel configurations
• LED descriptions
2.4.1 Model Types
Table 2-2 lists the CarrierWave digital radios according to model number and associated
capabilities of throughput, data interface, and wayside channel.
Table 2-2.CarrierWave Model Types
Product Name Model Number Throughput Data Interface Wayside
CarrierWave-100 5100 100 Mbps
full duplex
CarrierWave-155 5155 155 Mbps
full duplex
100 BaseTX Two T1s
OC-3 One T1
CarrierWave Digital Radio MK-MAN-01
2-6 System Description
2.4.2 Front Panel Indicators
All models of the CarrierWave Digital Radios have the following front panel configurations.
Figure 2-2. CarrierWave Digital Radio IDU Front Panel Configuration
The basic operation of the CarrierWave Digital Radio can be checked by viewing the LED
indicators on the front panel. Normally, only green LEDs should be lit. A yellow LED indicates
potential system degradation, though the link is still active and operational. A red LED is an
alarm indicator. If it is lit, it indicates a potential problem in the radio system. Refer to Figure 2-3
and the table that follows for a detailed explanation of the LED indicators.
ON-LINE T1 - A CHPAYLOAD
POWER LOW SNR RX FLT
Figure 2-3. IDU Front Panel LEDs
ODU FLTIDU FLT T1 - B CH
RMT FLT NMS - LOC
NMS - CPT
MK-MAN-01 CarrierWave Digital Radio
User Reference and Installation Manual 2-7
Table 2-3. LED Status Indicator Functions
LED Name Function
ON-LINE On-Line When this LED is illuminated it indicates that the
modem is locked and a link has been established
with the far-end radio
PAYLOAD Payload When this LED is illuminated it indicates that the
payload port is connected.
IDU FLT IDU Fault When this LED is illuminated it indicates that there is
a fault detected in the IDU equipment. The menu
interface can then be used to show all current faults.
ODU FLT ODU Fault When this LED is illuminated it indicates that there is
a fault detected in the ODU equipment. The menu
interface can then be used to show all current faults.
T1- A T1 – A Channel When this LED is illuminated it indicates that there is
a T1 connection to the A port.
T1- B T1 – B Channel When this LED is illuminated it indicates that there is
a T1 connection to the B port.
POWER Power When this LED is illuminated it indicates that power is
on.
LOW SNR Low Signal to
Noise Ratio
RX FLT Receive Fault When this LED is illuminated it indicates that the
RMT FLT Remote Fault When this LED is illuminated it indicates that the far-
NMS LOC Local NMS Port When this LED is illuminated it indicates that there is
NMS CPT Consecutive
Point NMS Port
When this LED is illuminated it indicates that the SNR
is below the Error Free threshold.
Receiver does not detect a valid signal indicating a
problem with the receiver or remote transmitter.
end radio has a fault condition.
a connection to the local NMS port.
When this LED is illuminated it indicates that there is
a connection to the remote or Consecutive Point
NMS port.
CarrierWave Digital Radio MK-MAN-01
2-8 System Description
2.4.3 Rear Panel Connections
Please refer to the Figures 2-4 and 2-5 for a pictorial of the CarrierWave IDU rear panel followed
by a descriptive text of the connections.
Figure 2-4. CarrierWave-100 Ethernet: IDU Rear Panel Connections
Figure 2-5. CarrierWave-155 SONET: IDU Rear Panel Connections
The recommended maximum length for all cables to terminal equipment is a maximum of 3
meters. The exception to this recommendation is the length of the ODU/IDU Interconnect cable,
which connects the Outdoor Unit to the Indoor Unit.
MK-MAN-01 CarrierWave Digital Radio
User Reference and Installation Manual 2-9
Power Supply
DC Input
-48 VDC
-48v (Isolated Input); 2-pin captive power connector. The
CarrierWave Digital Radio requires an input of –37 to –60 volts
dc at the rear panel DC Input connector. The total required
power is a maximum of 70 W. The IDU rear panel power
connector pin numbering is 1 through 2, from left to right,
when facing the unit rear panel. Pin 1 is the power supply
return and is connected to unit chassis ground internally. Pin
2 should be supplied with a nominal –48 V dc, with respect to
the unit chassis (ground). A ground-isolated supply may be
used, provided it will tolerate grounding of its most positive
output.
The recommended power input is –44 to –52 V dc at 2 Amps
minimum. It is recommended that any power supply used be
able to supply a minimum of 100 W to the IDU.
A mating power cable connector is supplied with the
CarrierWave IDU. It is a 2-pin plug, 5 mm pitch, manufactured
by Phoenix Contact, P/N 17 86 83 1 (connector type MSTB
2,5/2-STF). This connector has screw clamp terminals that
accommodate 24 AWG to 12 AWG wire. The power cable
wire should be selected to provide the appropriate current with
minimal voltage drop, based on the power supply voltage and
length of cable required. The recommended wire size for
power cables under 10 feet in length supplying –48 Vdc is 18
AWG.
Chassis Ground
Chassis GND Chassis ground stud.
Alarm Output Interface
Alarms DB-9 female connector for two Form-C relay alarm outputs
The IDU supplies the ODU with all required power via the
ODU/IDU Interconnect cable. The CarrierWave Digital Radio
IDU does not have a power on/off switch. When DC power is
connected to the IDU, the digital radio powers up and is
operational. There can be up to 200 mW of RF power present
at the antenna port (external antenna version). The antenna
should be directed safely when power is applied.
(rated load: 1A @ 30 VDC).
CarrierWave Digital Radio MK-MAN-01
2-10 System Description
CarrierWave-100/Ethernet Models: Ethernet 100BaseT Connection
100BaseTX
LOC
100BaseT
CPT
CarrierWave-155/SONET Models: OC-3 Connection
OC-3 Out OC-3 type SC connectors for the OC-3 interface.
OC-3 In OC-3 type SC connectors for the OC-3 interface.
ODU/IDU Interconnect
To ODU N-type female connector. Used to connect the ODU to the
NMS 10/100 Network Management System Connection
10/100BaseT
LOC
100Base-TX RJ-45 modular port connector for the local Fast
Ethernet interface.
100Base-TX RJ-45 modular port connector. This port to be
used for consecutive point networks.
IDU. Provides –48VDC and 2375 MHz Transmit IF to the
ODU and receives 1675 MHz Receive IF from the ODU.
10/100Base-TX RJ-45 modular local port connector for access
to the CarrierWave Network Management System (SNMP or
iConductor, a CarrierWave proprietary system).
10/100BaseT
CPT
T1 Wayside Channels
T1 – A Wayside channel for T1 (RJ-48C) interface voice connection.
T1 – B Wayside channel for T1 (RJ-48C) interface voice connection.
10/100BaseTX RJ-45 modular remote port connector for
access to the CarrierWave port Network Management System
(SNMP or iConductor, a CarrierWave proprietary system).
This port to be used for consecutive point networks.
Operational for both CarrierWave-100 Ethernet and
CarrierWave-155 SONET models.
B channel option only available in CarrierWave-100 Ethernet
model.
2.5 System Description
The overall digital radio architecture consists of a single 2RU rack mount Indoor Unit (IDU) with a
cable connecting to an Outdoor Unit (ODU) with an integrated antenna. There is an option for
interfacing the ODU with an external antenna (consult factory for this option). This IDU/ODU
architecture is advantageous when compared to a single IDU with external mount antenna since
supporting a signal of 5.8 GHz from the IDU rack to the antenna will experience significant signal
degradation requiring expensive coaxial cable or waveguide.
MK-MAN-01 CarrierWave Digital Radio
User Reference and Installation Manual 2-11
Figure 2-6 shows a functional block diagram of the CarrierWave Digital Radio, which consists of
an antenna, ODU RF Up/Down Converter with HPA and LNA, IF Processor, 64-QAM Modem,
Multiplexer/Demultiplexer, and IDU Front Panel.
ODU
5.8 GHz Radio with
Integrated 23 dBi
IDU
2375 MHz
Antenna
64-QAM
Modem
2 x OC-3 2 x 100BaseT
IF Processor
Framer
3.3V, 5V, 6V,-12V
Note: OC-3 only available
on SONET IDUs and
100BaseT only available
on Ethernet IDUs. Single
T1 supported on SONET
IDUs
1675 MHz
Control
SNMP
Payload
Figure 2-6. CarrierWave System Block Diagram
IDU/ODU
Comm Link
Multiplexer/Demultiplexer
Ethernet Scaler
2 x 10BaseT
SNMP
2 x T1
MUX
RS232
Control
48 V
Power (48 Vdc)
Front Panel
(Display)
2375 MHz
1675 MHz
Radio
Control/Status
ODU Power
The IDU interfaces with the ODU to receive and provide modulated transmit and receive
waveforms. The IDU interfaces provide SONET OC-3 (CarrierWave-155) and Fast Ethernet
100Base-T (CarrierWave-100) connections to the network. In addition, one (SONET model) or
two (Ethernet model) T1 channels are provided for PBX extension. SNMP is provided on
10/100BaseT ports.
The ODU RF Up/Down Converter card provides the interface to the antenna. The transmit
section up converts and amplifies the modulated Intermediate Frequency (IF) of 2.375 GHz from
the IF Processor and provides additional filtering. The receive section down converts the
received signal, provides additional filtering, and outputs an IF of 1.675 GHz to the IF Processor.
The 64-QAM Modem performs the modulation and demodulation of the payload (OC-3 or Fast
Ethernet or Scalable Ethernet), and forward error correction using advanced modulation and
coding techniques. Using all-digital processing, the 64-QAM Modem uses robust modulation and
forward error correction coding to minimize the number of bit errors and optimize the radio and
network performance. The 64-QAM Modem also scrambles, descrambles and
CarrierWave Digital Radio MK-MAN-01
2-12 System Description
interleaves/deinterleaves the data stream in accordance with Intelsat standards to ensure
modulation efficiency and resilience to sustained burst errors. The modulation will vary by
application, data rate, and frequency spectrum. The highest order modulation mode supported is
64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). Table 2-4 summarizes the TCM/convolutional code
rates for each modulation type supported by the Digital Radio.
Table 2-4. CarrierWave Digital Radio TCM/Convolutional Code Rates
Modulation Type Available Code
Rates
QPSK ½, 3/4, 7/8, 1/1
16-QAM ¾, 7/8, 11/12
32-QAM 4/5, 9/10
64-QAM 5/6, 11/12
The IDU also provides the physical interface for the user payload and network management. In
transmit mode, the Framer merges user payload (OC-3 or Fast Ethernet) with radio overheadencapsulated network management data. This combined data stream is transmitted without any
loss of user bandwidth. In the receive mode, the Framer separates the combined data stream
received from the 64-QAM Modem. The IDU supports Scalable Ethernet data rates, such as 25
or 50 Mbps via the 100BaseT data interface port. The IDU provides network management data
on 10 Mbps ports accessible via the 10/100BaseTX port. The Central Processor Unit (CPU)
provides the embedded control and network element functionality of the OAM&P. The CPU also
communicates with other functions within the IDU for configuration, control, and status
monitoring. The CPU passes appropriate status information to the IDU front panel display.
The power supply converts 48 Vdc to the DC voltage levels required by each component in the
system.
2.6 Consecutive Point Architecture
The consecutive point network architecture is based upon the proven SONET/SDH ring.
Telecommunications service providers traditionally use the SONET/SDH ring architecture to
implement their access networks. A typical SONET/SDH network consists of the service
provider’s Point of Presence (POP) site and several customer sites with fiber optic cables
connecting these sites in a ring configuration (see Figure 2-7). This architecture lets providers
deliver high bandwidth with high availability to their customers.
MK-MAN-01 CarrierWave Digital Radio
User Reference and Installation Manual 2-13
Figure 2-7. Ring Configuration.
SONET/SDH rings are inherently self-healing. Each ring has both an active path and a standby
path. Network traffic normally uses the active path. Should one section of the ring fail, the network
will switch to the standby path. Switchover occurs in seconds. There may be a brief delay in
service, but no loss of payload, thus maintaining high levels of network availability.
The consecutive point architecture implemented in the CarrierWave Digital Radio family is based
on a point-to-point-to-point topology that mimics fiber rings, with broadband wireless links
replacing in-ground fiber cable. A typical consecutive point network consists of a POP and
several customer sites connected using CarrierWave units. These units are typically installed in
pairs in a building. Each unit installed at a customer site is logically connected to two other units.
These connections are as follows:
• An over-the-air radio frequency (RF) link to a unit at an adjacent site
• A back-to-back Ethernet cable link to another unit in the same building through a switch
Each consecutive point network typically starts and ends at a POP. A pattern of wireless links and
in-building connections is repeated at each site until all buildings in the network are connected in
a ring as shown in Figure 2-8.
CarrierWave Digital Radio MK-MAN-01
2-14 System Description
Figure 2-8. Consecutive Point Network
MK-MAN-01 CarrierWave Digital Radio
User Reference and Installation Manual 2-15
2.7 Power Management
RF power management is a radio design feature that controls the power level (typically expressed
in dBm) of the RF signal received from a transmitter by a receiver. The traditional goal of power
management is to ensure that the RF signal at a receiver is strong enough to maintain the radio
link under changing weather and link conditions.
Traditional power management techniques such as Constant Transmit Power Control (CTPC)
and Automatic Transmit Power Control (ATPC) transmit at a high power level to overcome the
effects of fading and interference. However, these techniques continue to operate at a higher
power level than needed to maintain the link in clear weather. Because transmit power remains
high when the weather clears, the level of system interference increases.
Radios operating at high transmit power will interfere with other radios, even if the interfering
source is miles away from the victim. High interference levels can degrade signal quality to the
point that wireless radio links become unreliable and network availability suffers. The traditional
solution to system interference is to increase the distance between radios. However, the resulting
sparse deployment model is inappropriate for metropolitan areas.
In response to the need for a high-density deployment model the CarrierWave use a unique
power control technique called AdTPC. AdTPC enables CarrierWave units to transmit at the
minimum power level necessary to maintain a link regardless of the prevailing weather and
interference conditions. The CarrierWave is designed and manufactured to not exceed the +30
dBm maximum power allowed. The purpose of power management is to minimize transmit power
level when lower power levels are sufficient. AdTPC also extends the concept of power
management by controlling not only the power (dBm) of the RF signal, but its quality (signal-tonoise ratio) as well.
In contrast to ATPC, the AdTPC technique dynamically adjusts the output power based on both
the actual strength and quality of the signal. Networked CarrierWave units constantly monitor
receive power and maintain 10
conditions. Each CarrierWave unit can detect when there is a degradation in the received signal
level of quality and adjust the transmit power level of the far-end CarrierWave unit to correct for it.
AdTPC provides maximum power in periods of heavy interference and fading and minimum power
when conditions are clear. Minimal transmit power reduces potential for co-channel and adjacent
channel interference with other RF devices in the service area, thereby ensuring maximum
frequency re-use. The resulting benefit is that operators are able to deploy more CarrierWave
units in a smaller area.
-12
BER performance under varying interference and climate
CarrierWave Digital Radio MK-MAN-01
2-16 System Description
2.8 CarrierWave iWareTM Software and Network
Management
iWareTM is the software suite that is fully compatible with SNMP (v1) and standard NMS software.
All of the CarrierWave Digital Radio parameters are accessible through the fully featured MIB,
allowing for automation of data collection and network management.
iWareTM includes:
• iPorterTM: capability to remotely manage the software. It enables the user to install, backup
and recover CarrierWave Digital Radio software
• iConductorTM: a GUI-based management application that can be run locally, at the installation
site, from a PC connected directly to the CarrierWave IDU, or it may be operated remotely
from any from any point in a CarrierWave network.
Detailed descriptions of iWareTM are provided in a separate document.
MK-MAN-01 CarrierWave Digital Radio
3 Installation
3.1 Unpacking
The following is a list of all included items.
Description Quantity
Digital Radio IDU (2RU chassis) 1
ODU (with hardware) 1
Manual (or Soft copy on a CD) 1
Test Data Sheet (customer documentation) 1
IDUODU
Figure 3-1. CarrierWave Digital Radio Components
Be sure to retain the original boxes and packing material in case of return shipping. Inspect all
items for damage and/or loose parts. Contact the shipping company immediately if anything
CarrierWave Digital Radio MK-MAN-01
3-2 Installation
appears damaged. If any of the listed parts are missing, call the distributor or the factory
immediately to resolve the problem.
3.2 Notices
CAUTION
IF USING EXTERNAL ANTENNA OPTION (SEE FACTORY FOR DETAILS), DO NOT
OPERATE UNITS WITHOUT AN ANTENNA, ATTENUATOR, OR LOAD CONNECTED TO THE
ANTENNA PORT. DAMAGE MAY OCCUR TO THE TRANSMITTER DUE TO EXCESSIVE
REFLECTED RF ENERGY.
ALWAYS ATTENUATE THE SIGNAL INTO THE RECEIVER ANTENNA PORT TO LESS THAN
–20 dBm. THIS WILL PREVENT OVERLOAD AND POSSIBLE DAMAGE TO THE RECEIVER
MODULE.
WARNING
HIGH VOLTAGE IS PRESENT INSIDE THE ODU and IDU WHEN THE UNIT IS PLUGGED IN.
TO PREVENT ELECTRICAL SHOCK, UNPLUG THE POWER CABLE BEFORE SERVICING.
UNIT SHOULD BE SERVICED BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY.
3.3 PRE-INSTALLATION NOTES
It may be useful to gain familiarity with the CarrierWave Digital Radio via back-to-back bench
testing prior to final installation. We highly recommend installation of lightning protectors on the
ODU/IDU Interconnect Cable to prevent line surges from damaging expensive components.
3.3.1 Back-to-Back Bench Testing
Back-to-back bench testing prior to final installation is highly recommended in order to gain
familiarity with the product. This test requires external antenna support. The following additional
equipment is required for back-to-back testing:
• Low-loss cables, N-male connectors on ODU interfaces.
• Four Inline RF attenuators, 40 dB each (or replace two with single 80 dB attenuator), rated for
5.8 GHz.
The IDU and ODUs must be configured in an operational configuration and set-up as shown in
Figure 3-2. When equipment is connected in operational configuration, no errors should be
reported on the front panel.
MK-MAN-01 CarrierWave Digital Radio
User Reference and Installation Manual 3-3
Ext Ant Tx
- 40 dB
- 40 dB
ODU - 1
Ext Ant Rx
To IDU
- 40 dB - 40 dB
IDU - 1
Figure 3-2. CarrierWave Digital Radio Back-to-Back Testing Configuration
Ext Ant Tx
ODU - 2
Ext Ant Rx
IDU - 2
3.4 Overview of Installation and Testing
Process
The installation and testing process is accomplished by performing a series of separate, yet
interrelated, procedures, each of which is required for the successful implementation of a
production CarrierWave Digital Radio network. These procedures are as follows:
• Site Evaluation: gathering specific information about potential CarrierWave Digital Radio
installation sites.
• Cable and Installation: Testing and installing CarrierWave ODU cables and optional interface
devices at installation sites.
• CarrierWave ODU Mounting and Alignment: Mounting ODUs to a pole or wall, performing link
alignment and radio frequency (RF) verification.
• CarrierWave Digital Radio Configuration: Using CarrierWave Link Manager software to install
network- and site-specific parameters in the radios.
• CarrierWave Digital Radio Testing: Performing cable continuity checks and RF tests for links,
the payload/radio overhead channel, and the management channel.
The following diagram shows where installation and commissioning resides within the
CarrierWave Digital Radio network deployment life cycle and defines the sequence in which the
processes that comprise installation and commissioning should be performed.
CarrierWave Digital Radio MK-MAN-01
3-4 Installation
Network Life Cycle
Customer
Requirements
RF Planning
& Network
Design
Site Selection
& Acquisition
Installation &
Commissioning
Perform Site
Evaluation
Mount and Align
ODUs
Install Cables
Configure Digital
Radio IDU
Network
Operation &
Maintenance
Network
Upgrade &
Expansion
Ethernet SONET
Perform Fast
Ethernet Test
Type of
Network?
Perform
SONET/SDH
Test
Installation &
Commissioning
Complete
03-01-013a
MK-MAN-01 CarrierWave Digital Radio
User Reference and Installation Manual 3-5
3.5 Site Evaluation
A site evaluation consists of a series of procedures for gathering specific information about
potential CarrierWave Digital Radio locations. This information is critical to the successful design
and deployment of a network.
Site evaluations are required to confirm whether or not a building meets network design
requirements. The main objectives are as follows:
• Confirm
• Line of sight for each link
• CarrierWave Digital Radio ODU mounting locations
• Site equipment locations
• Cable routes
• Any other potential RF sources
• Prepare site drawings and record site information
3.5.1 Preparing for a Site Evaluation
The following tools are required to perform a site evaluation:
• RF and network design diagrams (as required)
• Binoculars
• Global positioning system (GPS) or range finder
• Compass
• Measuring tape and/or wheel
• Digital camera
• Area map
• Aerial photograph (if available)
• List of potential installation sites (“targeted buildings”)
The following tasks must be completed prior to performing a site evaluation:
• Prepare the initial network design by performing the following:
CarrierWave Digital Radio MK-MAN-01
3-6 Installation
• Identify potential buildings by identifying targeted customers (applicable if you’re a service
provider)
• Identify potential links by selecting buildings based on the high probability of line of sight
• Arrange for access with the facility personnel into the buildings, equipment rooms, and
architectural plans to become familiar with the location of all ducts, risers, etc.
3.5.2 Site Evaluation Process
The following steps must be completed to perform a successful site evaluation. Each step in the
process is detailed in the following subparagraphs:
• Ensure RF Safety compliance: Ensure that appropriate warning signs are properly placed and
posted at the equipment site or access entry. For a complete list of warnings, refer the Safety
Precautions listed at the beginning of this manual.
• Ensure Compliance with Laws, Regulations, Codes, and Agreements: Ensure that any
installation performed as a result of the site evaluation is in full compliance with applicable
federal and local laws, regulations, electrical codes, building codes, and fire codes.
• Establish Line of Sight between CarrierWave Digital Radios: The most critical step in
conducting a site evaluation is confirming clear Line of Sight (LOS) between a near
CarrierWave Digital Radio and a far CarrierWave Digital Radio. If LOS does not exist,
another location must be used.
CarrierWave Radios in a link must have a clear view of each other, or “line of sight”.
Binoculars may be used evaluate the path from the desired location of the near CarrierWave
Radio to the desired location of the far CarrierWave Radio.
To confirm Line of Sight:
- Ensure that no obstructions are close to the transmitting/receiving path. Take into
consideration trees, bridges, construction of new buildings, unexpected aerial traffic,
window washing units, etc.
- Ensure that each CarrierWave Digital Radio can be mounted in the position required to
correctly align the CarrierWave Digital Radio with its link partner.
• Determine CarrierWave ODU Mounting Requirements: CarrierWave ODUs can be mounted
on an antenna mast, brick, masonry or wall. Refer to detailed installation sections.
• Determine CarrierWave IDU Installation Location: CarrierWave IDUs can be installed tabletop
or cabinet, wall mount, or rack mount. The site must provide DC power. Refer to detailed
installation sections.
• Document Potential Sources of Colocation Interference: When CarrierWave ODUs are
located on a roof or pole with other transmitters and receivers, an interference analysis may
be required to determine and resolve potential interference issues. The interference analysis
needs to be performed by an RF engineer. The specific information required for each
transmitter and receiver includes the following:
MK-MAN-01 CarrierWave Digital Radio
User Reference and Installation Manual 3-7
- Transmitting and/or receiving frequency
- Type of antenna
- Distance from CarrierWave ODU (horizontal and vertical)
- Polarity (horizontal or vertical)
- Transmit power level
- Antenna direction
• Measure the Link Distance: The two ways to measure link distance are as follows:
- GPS: record the latitude and longitude for the near and far CarrierWave ODU sites and
calculate the link distance. Record the mapping datum used by the GPS unit and ensure
the same mapping datum is used for all site evaluations in a given network.
- Range finder: measure the link distance (imperial or metric units may be used).
Once the link distance has been measured, verify that the link distance meets the availability
requirements of the link.
• Select the Grounding Location for both the CarrierWave ODU and IDU: The CarrierWave
Digital Radio must be properly grounded in order to protect it and the structure it is installed
on from lightning damage. This requires
- Grounding all ODUs as specified in the Installation section
- Grounding all IDUs to the rack.
• Determine the Length of Interconnect Cable from ODU to IDU: The primary consideration for
the outdoor interconnect cable from the ODU to IDU is the distance and route between the
ODU and IDU. This cable should not exceed 300 feet using Times Microwave LMR-400
cable. Longer lengths and distances are possible, but require higher quality cable, as
illustrated in the table below.
Cable Type Loss at 2.5 GHz
(dB/100 ft.)
Cable Length
Allowed (ft.)
LMR-200 16.9 120
LMR-300 10.4 200
LMR-400 6.8 300
LMR-600 4.4 450
LMR-900 3.0 650
Listed cable types are from Times Microwave, equivalent cable
from other manufacturers may be used
CarrierWave Digital Radio MK-MAN-01
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