GE Grid Solutions Multilin 9450, Multilin 9650 Instruction Manual

GE

LISTED

Grid Solutions

Multilin™ 9450/9650

Advanced Power Quality Metering System

Instruction Manual

Software Revision: 1.32
Manual P/N: 1601-0159-A7
Manual Order Code: GEK-113281F

*1601-0159-A7*

Copyright © 2017 GE Multilin Inc. All rights reserved.

EPM 9450/9650 Instruction Manual for product revision 1.32.

The contents of this manual are the property of GE Multilin Inc. This documentation is
furnished on license and may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the permission
of GE Multilin. The manual is for informational use only and is subject to change without
notice.

Part number: 1601-0159-A7 (May 2017)

ii

GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Note

• Failure to observe and follow the instructions provided in the equipment manual(s)
could cause irreversible damage to the equipment and could lead to property
damage, personal injury and/or death.

• Before attempting to use the equipment , it is important that all danger and
caution indicators are reviewed.

• If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer or
functions abnormally, proceed with caution. Otherwise, the protection provided by
the equipment may be impaired and can result in Impaired operation and injury.

• Caution: Hazardous voltages can cause shock, burns or death.

• Installation/service personnel must be familiar with general device test practices,
electrical awareness and safety precautions must be followed.

• Before performing visual inspections, tests, or periodic maintenance on this device
or associated circuits, isolate or disconnect all hazardous live circuits and sources
of electric power.

• Failure to shut equipment off prior to removing the power connections could
expose you to dangerous voltages causing injury or death.

• All recommended equipment that should be grounded and must have a reliable
and un-compromised grounding path for safety purposes, protection against
electromagnetic interference and proper device operation.

• Equipment grounds should be bonded together and connected to the facility’s
main ground system for primary power.

• Keep all ground leads as short as possible.

• At all times, equipment ground terminal must be grounded during device
operation and service.

• In addition to the safety precautions mentioned all electrical connections made
must respect the applicable local jurisdiction electrical code.

• Before working on CTs, they must be short-circuited.

This product cannot be disposed of as unsorted municipal waste in the European
Union. For proper recycling return this product to your supplier or a designated
collection point. For more information go to www.recyclethis.info.

iii

Safety Words and Definitions

NOTE

The following symbols used in this document indicate the following conditions.

Note

Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious
injury.

Note

Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious
injury.

Note

Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or
moderate injury.

Note

Indicates significant issues and practices that are not related to personal injury.

Indicates general information and practices, including operational information and
practices, that are not related to personal injury.

For further assistance

For product support, contact the information and call center as follows:

GE Grid Solutions
650 Markland Street
Markham, Ontario
Canada L6C 0M1
Worldwide telephone: [phone]
Europe/Middle East/Africa telephone: [phone]
North America toll-free: 1 800 547 8629
Fax: [phone]
Worldwide e-mail: [e-mail]
Europe e-mail: [e-mail]
Website: http://www.gegridsolutions.com/multilin

Warranty

For products shipped as of 1 October 2013, GE warrants most of its GE manufactured
products for 10 years. For warranty details including any limitations and disclaimers, see
our Terms and Conditions at https://www.gegridsolutions.com/multilin/warranty.htm

For products shipped before 1 October 2013, the standard 24-month warranty applies.

iv

Table of Contents

1: THREE-PHASE POWER
MEASUREMENT

THREE PHASE SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS ........................................................................... 1-1

WYE CONNECTION .......................................................................................................................... 1-1

DELTA CONNECTION ...................................................................................................................... 1-3

BLONDEL’S THEOREM AND THREE PHASE MEASUREMENT ......................................... 1-5

POWER, ENERGY AND DEMAND ............................................................................................... 1-6

REACTIVE ENERGY AND POWER FACTOR ............................................................................. 1-9

HARMONIC DISTORTION ..............................................................................................................1-11

POWER QUALITY .............................................................................................................................. 1-14

2: METER OVERVIEW THE EPM 9450/9650 SYSTEM ..................................................................................................... 2-1

DNP V.3.00 LEVEL 1 AND 2 .......................................................................................................... 2-2

FLICKER ................................................................................................................................................ 2-2

COMM OPTION 2: INTERNAL MODEM WITH DIAL-IN/DIAL-OUT OPTION ............... 2-3

H

ARDWARE OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................... 2-3

D

IAL-IN FUNCTION ............................................................................................................. 2-3

D

IAL-OUT FUNCTION ......................................................................................................... 2-3

TOTAL WEB SOLUTIONS ............................................................................................................... 2-4

H

ARDWARE OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................... 2-4

H

ARDWARE CONNECTION .................................................................................................. 2-4

S

OFTWARE OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................ 2-4

N

ETWORK SETTINGS ........................................................................................................... 2-5

MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS .................................................................................. 2-6

DEMAND INTEGRATORS ...............................................................................................................2-9

ORDERING ........................................................................................................................................... 2-12

O

RDER CODES ..................................................................................................................... 2-12

E

XTERNAL MODULES .......................................................................................................... 2-12

A

CCESSORIES ....................................................................................................................... 2-13

EPM 9450/9650 METER SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................................. 2-14

P

OWER SUPPLY ................................................................................................................... 2-14

I

NPUTS .................................................................................................................................. 2-14

P

HYSICAL .............................................................................................................................. 2-14

E

NVIRONMENTAL ................................................................................................................. 2-15

T

ESTING AND CERTIFICATION ............................................................................................. 2-15

EPM P40N

PLUS

LED EXTERNAL DISPLAY SPECIFICATIONS ............................................. 2-16

EPM P60N LCD EXTERNAL DISPLAY SPECIFICATIONS ..................................................... 2-16

UPGRADING THE EPM 9650 METER’S SOFTWARE OPTION ........................................... 2-16

3: HARDWARE
INSTALLATION

MOUNTING THE EPM 9450/9650 METER .............................................................................. 3-1

MOUNTING THE EPM P40N

MOUNTING THE EPM P60N LCD EXTERNAL DISPLAY ...................................................... 3-5

MOUNTING THE EPM EXTERNAL I/O MODULES ................................................................. 3-7

4: ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL TOC–1

CONSIDERATIONS WHEN INSTALLING METERS ................................................................. 4-1

WIRING THE MONITORED INPUTS AND VOLTAGES .......................................................... 4-3

PLUS

LED EXTERNAL DISPLAY .............................................. 3-4

F

USING THE VOLTAGE CONNECTIONS .............................................................................. 4-3

W

IRING THE MONITORED INPUTS - VREF ....................................................................... 4-3

WIRING THE MONITORED INPUTS - VAUX ......................................................................4-3

W

IRING THE MONITORED INPUTS - CURRENTS .............................................................. 4-3

ISOLATING A CT CONNECTION REVERSAL ............................................................................ 4-4

INSTRUMENT POWER CONNECTIONS .................................................................................... 4-5

WIRING DIAGRAMS .........................................................................................................................4-6

5: COMMUNICATION
WIRING

6: USING THE EXTERNAL
DISPLAYS

COMMUNICATION OVERVIEW .................................................................................................... 5-1

RS232 CONNECTION (PORT 1) .................................................................................................... 5-5

RS485 COMMUNICATION ............................................................................................................. 5-6

RS485 C
C
RS485 C

ONNECTION ......................................................................................................... 5-7

ONNECTION TO AN RS485 MASTER ............................................................................. 5-7

ONNECTION TO THE EPM P40NPLUS OR P60N EXTERNAL DISPLAY .... 5-8

RJ11 (TELEPHONE LINE) CONNECTION—EPM METER WITH INTERNAL MODEM OPTION

(COMM OPTION 2) TO A PC .......................................................................................................... 5-9

RJ45 CONNECTION—EPM METER WITH INTERNAL NETWORK OPTION (COMM OPTION 1)

TO MULTIPLE PCS - 10/100BASET ............................................................................................5-9

COMMUNICATION PORTS ON THE EPM I/O MODULES ................................................... 5-9

RS485 C
S

ONNECTION—EPM METER TO EPM I/O MODULES .................................... 5-9

TEPS TO DETERMINE POWER NEEDED ........................................................................... 5-10

LINKING MULTIPLE EPM METERS IN SERIES .........................................................................5-11

REMOTE COMMUNICATION OVERVIEW ................................................................................. 5-11

R

EMOTE COMMUNICATION—RS232 ............................................................................... 5-12

R

EMOTE COMMUNICATION-RS485 ................................................................................. 5-12

P

ROGRAMMING MODEMS FOR REMOTE COMMUNICATION ........................................... 5-13

HIGH SPEED INPUTS CONNECTION ......................................................................................... 5-15

IRIG-B CONNECTIONS .................................................................................................................... 5-16

TIME SYNCHRONIZATION ALTERNATIVES ............................................................................. 5-18

OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................................... 6-1

USING THE EPM P60N LCD EXTERNAL DISPLAY ................................................................ 6-2

EPM P60N D
EPM P60N D

ISPLAY GROUPS OF READINGS ................................................................. 6-3

ISPLAY NAVIGATIONAL MAP (ALL OPTIONS) ........................................... 6-10

USING THE EPM P40NPLUS LED EXTERNAL DISPLAY ...................................................... 6-11

U

SING THE EPM P40N

C

ONNECT MULTIPLE DISPLAYS .......................................................................................... 6-14

EPM P40NPLUS D
EPM P40NPLUS D
EPM P40NPLUS I
D

ISPLAY FEATURES MODE ................................................................................................. 6-20

PLUS

USB PORT ........................................................................6-11

ISPLAY MODES .................................................................................6-14

YNAMIC READINGS MODE ............................................................. 6-15

NFORMATION MODE ......................................................................... 6-18

7: TRANSFORMER LOSS
COMPENSATION

8: TIME-OF-USE
FUNCTION

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 7-1

EPM 9450/9650 METER'S TRANSFORMER LOSS COMPENSATION ............................7-4

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 8-1

THE EPM 9450/9650 METER'S TOU CALENDAR .................................................................8-2

TOU PRIOR SEASON AND MONTH ............................................................................................ 8-2

UPDATING, RETRIEVING AND REPLACING TOU CALENDARS ....................................... 8-3

DAYLIGHT SAVINGS AND DEMAND .........................................................................................8-3

TOC–2 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

L

OSS COMPENSATION IN THREE ELEMENT INSTALLATIONS .......................................... 7-4

9: EXTERNAL I/O
MODULES

HARDWARE OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................. 9-1

P

ORT OVERVIEW .................................................................................................................. 9-2

I/O MODULE INSTALLATION ........................................................................................................9-4

P

OWER SOURCE FOR I/O MODULES ................................................................................ 9-4

USING THE PSIO WITH MULTIPLE I/O MODULES ............................................................... 9-6

S

TEPS FOR ATTACHING MULTIPLE I/O MODULES .......................................................... 9-6

FACTORY SETTINGS AND RESET BUTTON ............................................................................. 9-8

ANALOG TRANSDUCER SIGNAL OUTPUT MODULES ........................................................ 9-9

O

VERVIEW ............................................................................................................................ 9-9

N

ORMAL MODE ................................................................................................................... 9-10

ANALOG INPUT MODULES ...........................................................................................................9-11

O

VERVIEW ............................................................................................................................ 9-11

N

ORMAL MODE ................................................................................................................... 9-12

DIGITAL DRY CONTACT RELAY OUTPUT (FORM C) MODULE ......................................... 9-12

O

VERVIEW ............................................................................................................................ 9-13

C

OMMUNICATION ................................................................................................................ 9-13

N

ORMAL MODE ................................................................................................................... 9-13

DIGITAL SOLID STATE PULSE OUTPUT (KYZ) MODULE ..................................................... 9-13

O

VERVIEW ............................................................................................................................ 9-14

C

OMMUNICATION ................................................................................................................ 9-14

N

ORMAL MODE ................................................................................................................... 9-14

DIGITAL STATUS INPUT MODULE .............................................................................................. 9-15

O

VERVIEW ............................................................................................................................ 9-16

C

OMMUNICATION ................................................................................................................ 9-16

N

ORMAL MODE ................................................................................................................... 9-16

10: METER WITH
INTERNAL MODEM
OPTION (COMM OPTION

2)

11: METER WITH
OPTIONAL INTERNAL
NETWORK (COMM
OPTION 1)

12: FLICKER AND
ANALYSIS

HARDWARE OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................. 10-1

HARDWARE CONNECTION .......................................................................................................... 10-2

DIAL-IN FUNCTION .......................................................................................................................... 10-2

DIAL-OUT FUNCTION ..................................................................................................................... 10-3

HARDWARE OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................. 11-1

NETWORK CONNECTION .............................................................................................................. 11-3

OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................................... 12-1

THEORY OF OPERATION ................................................................................................................ 12-2

S

UMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 12-3

FLICKER SETTING (EPM 9450 AND EPM 9650 OPTION A) ............................................... 12-5

FLICKER POLLING SCREEN ..........................................................................................................12-6

LOGGING ............................................................................................................................................. 12-8

POLLING THROUGH A COMMUNICATION PORT ................................................................12-9

LOG VIEWER ....................................................................................................................................... 12-9

PERFORMANCE NOTES .................................................................................................................. 12-9

EN50160/IEC61000-4-30 POWER QUALITY COMPLIANCE ANALYSIS (EPM 9650 OPTION

B) ............................................................................................................................................................. 12-10

EN50160/IEC61000-4-30 C
EN50160/IEC61000-4-30 A

ONFIGURATION ............................................................ 12-10

NALYSIS ........................................................................ 12-11

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL TOC–3

A: MANUAL REVISION
HISTORY

RELEASE NOTES ................................................................................................................................A-1

TOC–4 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

GE

Grid Solutions

EPM 9450/9650

Chapter 1: Three-Phase Power

Measurement

Three-Phase Power Measurement

This introduction to three-phase power and power measurement is intended to
provide only a brief overview of the subject. The professional meter engineer or meter
technician should refer to more advanced documents such as the EEI Handbook for
Electricity Metering and the application standards for more in-depth and technical
coverage of the subject.

1.1 Three Phase System Configurations

Three-phase power is most commonly used in situations where large amounts of
power will be used because it is a more effective way to transmit the power and
because it provides a smoother delivery of power to the end load. There are two
commonly used connections for three-phase power, a wye connection or a delta
connection. Each connection has several different manifestations in actual use.

When attempting to determine the type of connection in use, it is a good practice to
follow the circuit back to the transformer that is serving the circuit. It is often not
possible to conclusively determine the correct circuit connection simply by counting
the wires in the service or checking voltages. Checking the transformer connection will
provide conclusive evidence of the circuit connection and the relationships between
the phase voltages and ground.

1.2 Wye Connection

The wye connection is so called because when you look at the phase relationships and
the winding relationships between the phases it looks like a Y. Figure 1.1 depicts the
winding relationships for a wye-connected service. In a wye service the neutral (or
center point of the wye) is typically grounded. This leads to common voltages of 208/
120 and 480/277 (where the first number represents the phase-to-phase voltage and
the second number represents the phase-to-ground voltage).

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 1–1

WYE CONNECTION CHAPTER 1: THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT

Phase 2

V

A

V

B



V

C

Phase 3

Figure 1-1: Three-phase Wye Winding

The three voltages are separated by 120o electrically. Under balanced load conditions
the currents are also separated by 120
conditions can cause the currents to depart from the ideal 120
phase voltages and currents are usually represented with a phasor diagram. A phasor
diagram for the typical connected voltages and currents is shown in Figure 1.2.

I

C

N

Phase 1

o

. However, unbalanced loads and other

V

C

o

separation. Three-

N

I

A

I

V

B

Figure 1-2: Phasor Diagram Showing Three-phase Voltages and Currents

The phasor diagram shows the 120o angular separation between the phase voltages.
The phase-to-phase voltage in a balanced three-phase wye system is 1.732 times the

1–2 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

phase-to-neutral voltage. The center point of the wye is tied together and is typically
grounded. Table 1.1 shows the common voltages used in the United States for wye­connected systems.

Table 1.1: Common Phase Voltages on Wye Services

Phase to Ground Voltage Phase to Phase Voltage

120 volts 208 volts

277 volts 480 volts

2,400 volts 4,160 volts

7,200 volts 12,470 volts

B

V

A

CHAPTER 1: THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT DELTA CONNECTION

V

A

V

B

Table 1.1: Common Phase Voltages on Wye Services

Phase to Ground Voltage Phase to Phase Voltage

7,620 volts 13,200 volts

Usually a wye-connected service will have four wires: three wires for the phases and
one for the neutral. The three-phase wires connect to the three phases (as shown in
Figure 1.1). The neutral wire is typically tied to the ground or center point of the wye.

In many industrial applications the facility will be fed with a four-wire wye service but
only three wires will be run to individual loads. The load is then often referred to as a
delta-connected load but the service to the facility is still a wye service; it contains
four wires if you trace the circuit back to its source (usually a transformer). In this type
of connection the phase to ground voltage will be the phase-to-ground voltage
indicated in Table 1, even though a neutral or ground wire is not physically present at
the load. The transformer is the best place to determine the circuit connection type
because this is a location where the voltage reference to ground can be conclusively
identified.

1.3 Delta Connection

Delta-connected services may be fed with either three wires or four wires. In a three­phase delta service the load windings are connected from phase-to-phase rather
than from phase-to-ground. Figure 1.3 shows the physical load connections for a
delta service.

V

C

Phase 2

Phase 1

Figure 1-3: Three-phase Delta Winding Relationship

In this example of a delta service, three wires will transmit the power to the load. In a
true delta service, the phase-to-ground voltage will usually not be balanced because
the ground is not at the center of the delta.

Phase 3

Figure 1.4 shows the phasor relationships between voltage and current on a three­phase delta circuit.

In many delta services, one corner of the delta is grounded. This means the phase to
ground voltage will be zero for one phase and will be full phase-to-phase voltage for
the other two phases. This is done for protective purposes.

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 1–3

DELTA CONNECTION CHAPTER 1: THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT



V

A

V

BC

Figure 1-4: Phasor Diagram, Three-Phase Voltages and Currents, Delta-Connected

Another common delta connection is the four-wire, grounded delta used for lighting
loads. In this connection the center point of one winding is grounded. On a 120/240
volt, four-wire, grounded delta service the phase-to-ground voltage would be 120
volts on two phases and 208 volts on the third phase. Figure 1.5 shows the phasor
diagram for the voltages in a three-phase, four-wire delta system.

V

BC

N

V

I

C

I

B

V

AB

C

V

CA

I

A

V

CA

Figure 1-5: Phasor Diagram Showing Three-phase Four-Wire Delta-Connected System

1–4 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

V

V

AB

B

CHAPTER 1: THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT BLONDEL’S THEOREM AND THREE PHASE MEASUREMENT

1.4 Blondel’s Theorem and Three Phase Measurement

In 1893 an engineer and mathematician named Andre E. Blondel set forth the first
scientific basis for polyphase metering. His theorem states:

If energy is supplied to any system of conductors through N wires, the total power in
the system is given by the algebraic sum of the readings of N wattmeters so arranged
that each of the N wires contains one current coil, the corresponding potential coil
being connected between that wire and some common point. If this common point is
on one of the N wires, the measurement may be made by the use of N-1 Wattmeters.

The theorem may be stated more simply, in modern language:

In a system of N conductors, N-1 meter elements will measure the power or energy
taken provided that all the potential coils have a common tie to the conductor in
which there is no current coil.

Three-phase power measurement is accomplished by measuring the three individual
phases and adding them together to obtain the total three phase value. In older
analog meters, this measurement was accomplished using up to three separate
elements. Each element combined the single-phase voltage and current to produce a
torque on the meter disk. All three elements were arranged around the disk so that the
disk was subjected to the combined torque of the three elements. As a result the disk
would turn at a higher speed and register power supplied by each of the three wires.

According to Blondel's Theorem, it was possible to reduce the number of elements
under certain conditions. For example, a three-phase, three-wire delta system could
be correctly measured with two elements (two potential coils and two current coils) if
the potential coils were connected between the three phases with one phase in
common.

In a three-phase, four-wire wye system it is necessary to use three elements. Three
voltage coils are connected between the three phases and the common neutral
conductor. A current coil is required in each of the three phases.

In modern digital meters, Blondel's Theorem is still applied to obtain proper
metering. The difference in modern meters is that the digital meter measures each
phase voltage and current and calculates the single-phase power for each phase. The
meter then sums the three phase powers to a single three-phase reading.

Some digital meters measure the individual phase power values one phase at a time.
This means the meter samples the voltage and current on one phase and calculates a
power value. Then it samples the second phase and calculates the power for the
second phase. Finally, it samples the third phase and calculates that phase power.
After sampling all three phases, the meter adds the three readings to create the
equivalent three-phase power value. Using mathematical averaging techniques, this
method can derive a quite accurate measurement of three-phase power.

More advanced meters actually sample all three phases of voltage and current
simultaneously and calculate the individual phase and three-phase power values. The
advantage of simultaneous sampling is the reduction of error introduced due to the
difference in time when the samples were taken.

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 1–5

POWER, ENERGY AND DEMAND CHAPTER 1: THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT

Phase B

Phase C

Phase A

A

B

C

N

Node "n"

Figure 1-6: Three-Phase Wye Load Illustrating Kirchoff’s Law and Blondel’s Theorem

Blondel's Theorem is a derivation that results from Kirchoff's Law. Kirchoff's Law states
that the sum of the currents into a node is zero. Another way of stating the same thing
is that the current into a node (connection point) must equal the current out of the
node. The law can be applied to measuring three-phase loads. Figure 1.6 shows a
typical connection of a three-phase load applied to a three-phase, four-wire service.
Kirchoff's Law holds that the sum of currents A, B, C and N must equal zero or that the
sum of currents into Node "n" must equal zero.

If we measure the currents in wires A, B and C, we then know the current in wire N by
Kirchoff's Law and it is not necessary to measure it. This fact leads us to the
conclusion of Blondel's Theorem- that we only need to measure the power in three of
the four wires if they are connected by a common node. In the circuit of Figure 1.6 we
must measure the power flow in three wires. This will require three voltage coils and
three current coils (a three-element meter). Similar figures and conclusions could be
reached for other circuit configurations involving Delta-connected loads.

1.5 Power, Energy and Demand

It is quite common to exchange power, energy and demand without differentiating
between the three. Because this practice can lead to confusion, the differences
between these three measurements will be discussed.

Power is an instantaneous reading. The power reading provided by a meter is the
present flow of watts. Power is measured immediately just like current. In many digital
meters, the power value is actually measured and calculated over a one second
interval because it takes some amount of time to calculate the RMS values of voltage
and current. But this time interval is kept small to preserve the instantaneous nature
of power.

Energy is always based on some time increment; it is the integration of power over a
defined time increment. Energy is an important value because almost all electric bills
are based, in part, on the amount of energy used.

1–6 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 1: THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT POWER, ENERGY AND DEMAND

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Time (minutes)

sttawolik

Typically, electrical energy is measured in units of kilowatt-hours (kWh). A kilowatt­hour represents a constant load of one thousand watts (one kilowatt) for one hour.
Stated another way, if the power delivered (instantaneous watts) is measured as 1,000
watts and the load was served for a one hour time interval then the load would have
absorbed one kilowatt-hour of energy. A different load may have a constant power
requirement of 4,000 watts. If the load were served for one hour it would absorb four
kWh. If the load were served for 15 minutes it would absorb ¼ of that total or one
kWh.

Figure 1.7 shows a graph of power and the resulting energy that would be transmitted
as a result of the illustrated power values. For this illustration, it is assumed that the
power level is held constant for each minute when a measurement is taken. Each bar
in the graph will represent the power load for the one-minute increment of time. In
real life the power value moves almost constantly.

The data from Figure 1.7 is reproduced in Table 1.2 to illustrate the calculation of
energy. Since the time increment of the measurement is one minute and since we
specified that the load is constant over that minute, we can convert the power
reading to an equivalent consumed energy reading by multiplying the power reading
times 1/60 (converting the time base from minutes to hours).

Time Interval

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 1–7

(minute)

Figure 1-7: Power Use over Time

Table 1.2: Power and Energy Relationship over Time

Power (kW) Energy (kWh) Accumulated Energy

(kWh)

1300.500.50

2500.831.33

3400.672.00

4550.922.92

5601.003.92

6601.004.92

POWER, ENERGY AND DEMAND CHAPTER 1: THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT

Table 1.2: Power and Energy Relationship over Time

Time Interval
(minute)

7701.176.09

8701.177.26

9601.008.26

10 70 1.17 9.43

11 80 1.33 10.76

12 50 0.83 12.42

13 50 0.83 12.42

14 70 1.17 13.59

15 80 1.33 14.92

Power (kW) Energy (kWh) Accumulated Energy

(kWh)

As in Table 1.2, the accumulated energy for the power load profile of Figure 1.7 is

14.92 kWh.

Demand is also a time-based value. The demand is the average rate of energy use
over time. The actual label for demand is kilowatt-hours/hour but this is normally
reduced to kilowatts. This makes it easy to confuse demand with power, but demand
is not an instantaneous value. To calculate demand it is necessary to accumulate the
energy readings (as illustrated in Figure 1.7) and adjust the energy reading to an
hourly value that constitutes the demand.

In the example, the accumulated energy is 14.92 kWh. But this measurement was
made over a 15-minute interval. To convert the reading to a demand value, it must be
normalized to a 60-minute interval. If the pattern were repeated for an additional
three 15-minute intervals the total energy would be four times the measured value or

59.68 kWh. The same process is applied to calculate the 15-minute demand value.
The demand value associated with the example load is 59.68 kWh/hr or 59.68 kWd.
Note that the peak instantaneous value of power is 80 kW, significantly more than the
demand value.

Figure 1.8 shows another example of energy and demand. In this case, each bar
represents the energy consumed in a 15-minute interval. The energy use in each
interval typically falls between 50 and 70 kWh. However, during two intervals the
energy rises sharply and peaks at 100 kWh in interval number 7. This peak of usage
will result in setting a high demand reading. For each interval shown the demand
value would be four times the indicated energy reading. So interval 1 would have an
associated demand of 240 kWh/hr. Interval 7 will have a demand value of 400 kWh/
hr. In the data shown, this is the peak demand value and would be the number that
would set the demand charge on the utility bill.

1–8 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 1: THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT REACTIVE ENERGY AND POWER FACTOR

0

20

40

60

80

100

12345678

Intervals (15 mins.)

sruoh-ttawolik

Figure 1-8: Energy Use and Demand

As can be seen from this example, it is important to recognize the relationships
between power, energy and demand in order to control loads effectively or to monitor
use correctly.

1.6 Reactive Energy and Power Factor

The real power and energy measurements discussed in the previous section relate to
the quantities that are most used in electrical systems. But it is often not sufficient to
only measure real power and energy. Reactive power is a critical component of the
total power picture because almost all real-life applications have an impact on
reactive power. Reactive power and power factor concepts relate to both load and
generation applications. However, this discussion will be limited to analysis of reactive
power and power factor as they relate to loads. To simplify the discussion, generation
will not be considered.

Real power (and energy) is the component of power that is the combination of the
voltage and the value of corresponding current that is directly in phase with the
voltage. However, in actual practice the total current is almost never in phase with the
voltage. Since the current is not in phase with the voltage, it is necessary to consider
both the inphase component and the component that is at quadrature (angularly
rotated 90o or perpendicular) to the voltage. Figure 1.9 shows a single-phase voltage
and current and breaks the current into its in-phase and quadrature components.

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 1–9

REACTIVE ENERGY AND POWER FACTOR CHAPTER 1: THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT

V

I

I

R

I

X

0

Figure 1-9: Voltage and Complex Current

The voltage (V) and the total current (I) can be combined to calculate the apparent
power or VA. The voltage and the in-phase current (IR) are combined to produce the
real power or watts. The voltage and the quadrature current (IX) are combined to
calculate the reactive power.

The quadrature current may be lagging the voltage (as shown in Figure 1.9) or it may
lead the voltage. When the quadrature current lags the voltage the load is requiring
both real power (watts) and reactive power (VARs). When the quadrature current leads
the voltage the load is requiring real power (watts) but is delivering reactive power
(VARs) back into the system; that is VARs are flowing in the opposite direction of the
real power flow.

Reactive power (VARs) is required in all power systems. Any equipment that uses
magnetization to operate requires VARs. Usually the magnitude of VARs is relatively
low compared to the real power quantities. Utilities have an interest in maintaining
VAR requirements at the customer to a low value in order to maximize the return on
plant invested to deliver energy. When lines are carrying VARs, they cannot carry as
many watts. So keeping the VAR content low allows a line to carry its full capacity of
watts. In order to encourage customers to keep VAR requirements low, some utilities
impose a penalty if the VAR content of the load rises above a specified value.

A common method of measuring reactive power requirements is power factor. Power
factor can be defined in two different ways. The more common method of calculating
power factor is the ratio of the real power to the apparent power. This relationship is
expressed in the following formula:

Total PF = real power / apparent power = watts/VA

This formula calculates a power factor quantity known as Total Power Factor. It is
called Total PF because it is based on the ratios of the power delivered. The delivered
power quantities will include the impacts of any existing harmonic content. If the
voltage or current includes high levels of harmonic distortion the power values will be
affected. By calculating power factor from the power values, the power factor will
include the impact of harmonic distortion. In many cases this is the preferred method
of calculation because the entire impact of the actual voltage and current are
included.

1–10 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 1: THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT HARMONIC DISTORTION

Displacement PF θcos=

Time

Amps

– 1000

– 500

0

500

1000

A second type of power factor is Displacement Power Factor. Displacement PF is
based on the angular relationship between the voltage and current. Displacement
power factor does not consider the magnitudes of voltage, current or power. It is solely
based on the phase angle differences. As a result, it does not include the impact of
harmonic distortion. Displacement power factor is calculated using the following
equation:

where q is the angle between the voltage and the current (see Fig. 1.9).

In applications where the voltage and current are not distorted, the Total Power
Factor will equal the Displacement Power Factor. But if harmonic distortion is present,
the two power factors will not be equal.

1.7 Harmonic Distortion

Harmonic distortion is primarily the result of high concentrations of non-linear loads.
Devices such as computer power supplies, variable speed drives and fluorescent light
ballasts make current demands that do not match the sinusoidal waveform of AC
electricity. As a result, the current waveform feeding these loads is periodic but not
sinusoidal. Figure 1.10 shows a normal, sinusoidal current waveform. This example
has no distortion.

Figure 1.11 shows a current waveform with a slight amount of harmonic distortion.
The waveform is still periodic and is fluctuating at the normal 60 Hz frequency.
However, the waveform is not a smooth sinusoidal form as seen in Figure 1.10.

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 1–11

Figure 1-10: Nondistorted Current Waveform

HARMONIC DISTORTION CHAPTER 1: THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT

–1000

–500

0

500

1000

t

)s

p

m
a(

tner

r
u
C

a

2a

–1500

1500

Time

Amps

3rd harmonic

5th harmonic

7th harmonic

Total

fundamental

– 500

0

500

1000

Figure 1-11: Distorted Current Waveform

The distortion observed in Figure 1.11 can be modeled as the sum of several
sinusoidal waveforms of frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental 60 Hz
frequency. This modeling is performed by mathematically disassembling the distorted
waveform into a collection of higher frequency waveforms.

These higher frequency waveforms are referred to as harmonics. Figure 1.12 shows
the content of the harmonic frequencies that make up the distortion portion of the
waveform in Figure 1.11.

The waveforms shown in Figure 1.12 are not smoothed but do provide an indication of

1–12 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

the impact of combining multiple harmonic frequencies together.

When harmonics are present it is important to remember that these quantities are
operating at higher frequencies. Therefore, they do not always respond in the same
manner as 60 Hz values.

Figure 1-12: Waveforms of the Harmonics

CHAPTER 1: THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT HARMONIC DISTORTION

Inductive and capacitive impedance are present in all power systems. We are
accustomed to thinking about these impedances as they perform at 60 Hz. However,
these impedances are subject to frequency variation.

XL = jwL and

XC = 1/jwC

At 60 Hz, w = 377; but at 300 Hz (5th harmonic) w = 1,885. As frequency changes
impedance changes and system impedance characteristics that are normal at 60 Hz
may behave entirely differently in the presence of higher order harmonic waveforms.

Traditionally, the most common harmonics have been the low order, odd frequencies,
such as the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th. However newer, non-linear loads are introducing
significant quantities of higher order harmonics.

Since much voltage monitoring and almost all current monitoring is performed using
instrument transformers, the higher order harmonics are often not visible. Instrument
transformers are designed to pass 60 Hz quantities with high accuracy. These devices,
when designed for accuracy at low frequency, do not pass high frequencies with high
accuracy; at frequencies above about 1200 Hz they pass almost no information. So
when instrument transformers are used, they effectively filter out higher frequency
harmonic distortion making it impossible to see.

However, when monitors can be connected directly to the measured circuit (such as
direct connection to a 480 volt bus) the user may often see higher order harmonic
distortion. An important rule in any harmonics study is to evaluate the type of
equipment and connections before drawing a conclusion. Not being able to see
harmonic distortion is not the same as not having harmonic distortion.

It is common in advanced meters to perform a function commonly referred to as
waveform capture. Waveform capture is the ability of a meter to capture a present
picture of the voltage or current waveform for viewing and harmonic analysis.
Typically a waveform capture will be one or two cycles in duration and can be viewed
as the actual waveform, as a spectral view of the harmonic content, or a tabular view
showing the magnitude and phase shift of each harmonic value. Data collected with
waveform capture is typically not saved to memory. Waveform capture is a real-time
data collection event.

Waveform capture should not be confused with waveform recording that is used to
record multiple cycles of all voltage and current waveforms in response to a transient
condition.

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 1–13

POWER QUALITY CHAPTER 1: THREE-PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT

1.8 Power Quality

Power quality can mean several different things. The terms “power quality” and
“power quality problem” have been applied to all types of conditions. A simple
definition of “power quality problem” is any voltage, current or frequency deviation
that results in mis-operation or failure of customer equipment or systems. The causes
of power quality problems vary widely and may originate in the customer equipment,
in an adjacent customer facility or with the utility.

In his book Power Quality Primer, Barry Kennedy provided information on different
types of power quality problems. Some of that information is summarized in Table 1.3.

Table 1.3: Typical Power Quality Problems and Sources

Cause Disturbance Type Source

Impulse transient Transient voltage disturbance,

sub-cycle duration

Oscillatory
transient with decay

Sag/swell RMS voltage, multiple cycle

Interruptions RMS voltage, multiple

Under voltage/over
voltage

Voltage flicker RMS voltage, steady state,

Harmonic distortion Steady state current or voltage,

Transient voltage, sub-cycle
duration

duration

seconds or longer duration

RMS voltage, steady state, multiple
seconds or longer
duration

repetitive condition

long-term duration

Lightning
Electrostatic discharge
Load switching
Capacitor switching

Line/cable switching
Capacitor switching
Load switching

Remote system faults

System protection
Circuit breakers
Fuses
Maintenance

Motor starting
Load variations
Load dropping

Intermittent loads
Motor starting
Arc furnaces

Non-linear loads
System resonance

It is often assumed that power quality problems originate with the utility. While it is
true that power quality problems can originate with the utility system, many problems
originate with customer equipment. Customer-caused problems may manifest
themselves inside the customer location or they may be transported by the utility
system to another adjacent customer. Often, equipment that is sensitive to power
quality problems may in fact also be the cause of the problem.

If a power quality problem is suspected, it is generally wise to consult a power quality
professional for assistance in defining the cause and possible solutions to the
problem.

1–14 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

GE

Grid Solutions

EPM 9450/9650

Chapter 2: Meter Overview

Meter Overview

This chapter provides basic information on the EPM 9450/9650 meter.

2.1 The EPM 9450/9650 System

GE Digital Energy’s EPM 9450/9650 meter combines high-end revenue metering with
sophisticated power quality analysis. Its advanced monitoring capabilities provide detailed
and precise pictures of any metered point within a distribution network. The P40N
display and P60N LCD touch-screen display are detailed in Chapter 6. Extensive I/O
capability is available in conjunction with all metering functions. The optional GE
Communicator software allows a user to poll and gather data from multiple EPM meters
installed at local or remote locations (see the GE Communicator Instruction Manual for
details). On board mass memory enables the meter to retrieve and store multiple logs. The
EPM 9450/9650 meter with Internal Modem (or Network) Option connects to a PC via
standard phone line (or MODBUS/TCP) and a daisy chain of EPM meters via an RS485
connection. See Chapters 10 and 11 for details.

EPM 9450/9650 Revenue Metering

• Delivers laboratory-grade 0.04% Watt-hour accuracy (at full load Unity PF) in a
field-mounted device

• Auto-calibrates when there is a temperature change of about 2 degrees Celsius

• Meets all ANSI C-12.20 and IEC 62053-22 accuracy specifications

• Adjusts for transformer and line losses, using user-defined compensation factors

• Automatically logs time-of-use for up to eight programmable tariff registers

• Counts pulses and aggregates different loads

PLUS

LED

EPM 9450/9650 Power Quality Monitoring

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2–1

• Records up to 512 samples per cycle on an event

• Records sub-cycle transients on voltage or current readings

• Measures and records Harmonics to the 255th order (Real Time Harmonics to the
128th order)

DNP V.3.00 LEVEL 1 AND 2 CHAPTER 2: METER OVERVIEW

NOTE

• Offers inputs for neutral-to-ground voltage measurements

• Synchronizes with IRIG-B or line frequency for clock synchronization

• Measures Flicker (EPM 9650 only)

• Offers EN50160/IEC 61000-4-15 logging and analysis (EPM 9650 with Software
Option B only)

EPM 9450/9650 Memory, Communication and Control

• Up to 4 Megabytes NVRAM

• 4 high speed Communication ports

• Multiple protocols (see section below on DNP V3.00)

• Built-in RTU functionality

• Built-in PLC functionality

• High speed updates for Control

2.2 DNP V.3.00 Level 1 and 2

Note

2.3 Flicker

The EPM 9450 supports DNP V3.00 Level 1; the EPM 9650 supports DNP V3.00 Level 2.

DNP Level 2 Features:

• Up to 136 measurement (64 Binary Inputs, 8 Binary Counters, 64 Analog Inputs)
can be mapped to DNP Static Points (over 3000) in the customizable DNP Point
Map.

• Up to 16 Relays and 8 Resets can be controlled through DNP Level 2.

• Report-by-Exception Processing (DNP Events) Deadbands can be set on a per-point
basis.

• Freeze Commands: Freeze, Freeze/No-Ack, Freeze with Time, Freeze with Time/No­Ack.

• Freeze with Time Commands enable the EPM 9450/9650 meter to have internal
time-driven Frozen and Frozen Event data. When the EPM meter receives the Time
and Interval, the data is created.

For complete details, download the appropriate DNP Guide from our website
www.gegridsolutions.com.

An EPM 9650 meter with Software Option A (base configuration) provides Flicker
Evaluation in Instantaneous, Short Term and Long Term Forms. An EPM 9650 meter
with Software Option B provides EN50160 / IEC 61000-4-15 Power Quality
Compliance. See Chapter 12 for a detailed explanation of the Flicker and Power
Quality Compliance functions.

2–2 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 2: METER OVERVIEW COMM OPTION 2: INTERNAL MODEM WITH DIAL-IN/DIAL-OUT OPTION

2.4 Comm Option 2: Internal Modem with Dial-in/Dial-out Option

The following sections describe the optional Comm Option 2 Internal Modem.

2.4.1 Hardware Overview

Comm Option 2 for the EPM 9450/9650 meter provides a direct connection to a standard
telephone line. No additional hardware is required to establish a communication
connection between the meter and a remote computer. The RJ11 Jack is on the face of the
meter. A standard telephone RJ11 plug can connect the meter to a standard PSTN (Public
Switched Telephone Network).

The modem operates at up to 56k baud. It supports both incoming calls (from a remote
computer) and automatic dial-out calls when a defined event must be automatically
reported. With the device configured with Comm Option 2, the meter has dial-in capability
and provides remote access to other Modbus-based serial devices via the meter’s RS485
Gateway over your phone line. The meter recognizes and responds to a Modbus Address of

1. With any other address, the command passes through the gateway and become a

virtual connection between the remote Modbus master and any Modbus slave connected
to the RS485 Gateway.

The modem continuously monitors the telephone line to detect an incoming call. When an
incoming call is detected, the modem will wait a user-set number of rings and answer the
call.

2.4.2 Dial-In Function

The modem can be programmed to check for a password on an incoming call. If the
correct password is not provided, the modem hangs up on the incoming call. If
several unsuccessful incoming call attempts are received in a set time period, the modem
locks out future incoming calls for a user-set number of hours.

When an incoming call is successfully connected, the control of communication is passed
to the calling software program. The modem responds to computer
commands to download data or other actions authorized by the meter passwords.

Refer to the GE Communicator Instruction Manual for instructions on programming the
modem.

2.4.3 Dial-Out Function

The Dial-Out Function (Comm Option 2) is intended to allow the meter to automatically
report certain conditions without user intervention. The modem polls the meter to
determine if any abnormal or reportable conditions exist. The modem checks
programmed meter conditions and programmed events (set in GE Communicator
software) to determine if a call should be placed.

If any of the monitored events exist, the modem automatically initiates a call to a specified
location to make a report or perform some other function. For log full conditions, the meter
automatically downloads the log(s) that are nearing the full condition.

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2–3

TOTAL WEB SOLUTIONS CHAPTER 2: METER OVERVIEW

NOTE

2.5 Total Web Solutions

The 10/100BaseT Ethernet Option (Comm Option 1) is a fully customizable web server that
uses XML to provide access to real time data via any standard web browser. GE’s name for
this dynamic system is Total Web Solutions. The system incorporates a highly
programmable network card with built-in memory that is installed in the 100BaseT Option
meters. Each card can be programmed to perform an extensive array of monitoring
functions. The Comm Option 1 system is much faster than the 10BaseT Ethernet Option.

Note

EPM 9450/9650 meters with Comm Option 0 do not support Total Web Solutions.

2.5.1 Hardware Overview

The EPM 9450/9650 with the 10/100BaseT Ethernet Option (Comm Option 1) has all the
components of the standard EPM 9450/9650 plus the capability of connection to a
network through an Ethernet LAN or through the Internet via Modbus TCP, DNP3 LAN/WAN
(EPM 9650 only), HTTP, SMTP, FTP and/or DHCP.

The Internal Network Option of the EPM 9450/9650 meter is an extremely versatile
communication tool. Comm Option 1:

• Adheres to IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standard using TCP/IP

• Utilizes simple and inexpensive 10/100BaseT wiring and connections

• Plugs right into your network using built-in RJ45 jack

• Is programmable to any IP address, subnet mask and gateway requirements

• Communicates using the industry standard Modbus/TCP and DNP3 LAN/WAN over
Ethernet (EPM 9650 only) protocols

2.5.2 Hardware Connection

Use Standard RJ45 10/100BaseT cable to connect with the EPM 9450/9650 meter. The
RJ45 line is inserted into the RJ45 Port on the face of an EPM 9450/9650 meter with the
Comm 1 Ethernet Option.

2.5.3 Software Overview

To make the software connection, follow these steps:

2–4 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

1. Using Port 1 or Port 4 (RS485 connection), connect a PC to the meter. An

RS232/RS485 Converter may be required.

2. Open GE Communicator Software.

3. Click the Quick Connect or the Connection Manager icon in the Icon tool bar. In

the Connect window that opens, click the Serial Port button. Make sure the
connection data (such as Address) matches the meter and then click Connect.

CHAPTER 2: METER OVERVIEW TOTAL WEB SOLUTIONS

2.5.4 Network Settings

Configure the Network Settings using the following steps (refer to the GE Communicator
Instruction Manual for more details).

1. From GE Communicator ‘s Main screen, click Profile to open the Device Profile
screen.

2. From the Device Profile screen, double-click on the Communications Ports
line, then double-click on any of the ports. The Communications Settings
screen opens.

3. If you are going to use DHCP, click the Advanced Settings button and follow
these steps:

• Click the DHCP tab at the top of the Advanced Settings screen.

• Click Enable. DHCP automatically enters the IP Address and some or all of

the Interface Settings.

• Click OK at the bottom of the screen to return to the Communication

Setting screen. You may have to manually enter DNS, Email, Gateway
Setting and/or a unique computer name. Consult your Network
Administrator if you are not sure of the correct information to enter.

• Click OK.

4. If you are not using DHCP, enter the following information in the Network
Settings section of the Communication Settings screen (consult your system
administrator if you are not sure of the information to enter):

• IP Address: For example:10.0.0.1

• Subnet Mask: For example: 255.255.255.0

• Default Gateway: For example: 0.0.0.0

• Computer Name: For example: NETWORK

5. Enter the Domain Name Server and Computer Name.

6. Default web pages with an extensive array of readings come with the meter.
The content of the pages can be customized using FTP Client. Follow these
steps:

• Click the Advanced Settings button in the Communications Settings

screen.

• Click the FTP Client tab on the top of the Advanced Settings screen. Using

FTP, you can easily replace any file by using the same file name as the one
you want to replace.

• Click OK.

7. Enter the Email Server IP Address. The Default Settings store one Email Server
IP Address for administrative purposes or to send an alarm, if there is a
problem. An additional 8 email addresses can be configured with FTP Client.

8. Update Firmware, if necessary, with TFTP protocol (see Appendix C).

9. After the parameters are configured, GE Communicator connects via the
Network using a Device Address of “1” and the assigned IP Address when you
follow these steps:

• Open GE Communicator software.

• Click the Connect icon in the Icon tool bar to open the Connect screen.

• Click the Network button at the top of the screen and then enter the

following information:

• Device Address: 1

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2–5

MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS CHAPTER 2: METER OVERVIEW

V

v

N

RMS

xt

t

N

x







()

2

1

I

i

N

RMS

xt

t

N

x







()

2

1

V

vv

N

RMS

xy

t

N

xy

tt









()

() ()

2

1

• Host: IP Address (per your network administrator). Example:

10.0.0.1

• Network Port: 502

•Protocol: Modbus TCP

• Click the Connect button at the bottom of the screen. GE Communicator

connects to the meter via the Network settings you entered.

2.6 Measurements and Calculations

The EPM 9450/9650 meter measures many different power parameters.
Following is a list of the formulas used to perform calculations with samples for Wye and
Delta services.

Samples for Wye: v

Samples for Delta: vab, vbc, vca, ia, ib, i

, vb, vc, ia, ib, ic, i

a

n

c

Root Mean Square (RMS) of Phase Voltages: N = number of samples

For Wye: x = a, b, c

Root Mean Square (RMS) of Line Currents: N = number of samples

For Wye: x =a, b, c, n

For Delta: x = a, b, c

Root Mean Square (RMS) of Line Voltages: N = number of samples

For Wye: x, y= a,b or b,c or c,a

For Delta: xy = ab, bc, ca

2–6 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 2: METER OVERVIEW MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS

V

v

N

RMS

xy t

t

N

xy







()

2

1

W

vi

N

X

xt xt

t

N









() ()

1

x

VA V I

x

=−

WWWW

Tabc



W

vivi

N

T

abt at bct ct

t

N



 







() () () ()

1

VAR VAR VAR VAR

Tabc



Power (Watts) per phase: N = number of samples

For Wye: x = a, b, c

Apparent Power (VA) per phase:

For Wye: x = a, b, c

=•

RMS RMS

XX

Reactive Power (VAR) per phase:

For Wye: x = a, b, c

VAR VA W

Active Power (Watts) Total: N = number of samples

For Wye:

For Delta:

22

xx

Reactive Power (VAR) Total: N = number of samples

For Wye:

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2–7

MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATIONS CHAPTER 2: METER OVERVIEW

vi

N

TRMSRMS

ab t a t

t

N

ab a

=•

()

−

•

⎡

⎣

⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢

⎤

⎦

⎥
⎥
⎥
⎥

=

∑

2

1

2

() ()

VI

vi

N

RMS RMS

bc t c

t

N

bc c

•

()

−

•

⎡

⎣

⎢
⎢
⎢
⎢

=

∑

2

1

() (

+

VA VA VA VA

Tabc



VA W VAR

TT T



22

xxx

PFVA=

1

cos

x

−

∠=

()

1

127

2

h

x

h

x

RMS

THD

RMS

=

=



For Delta:

Apparent Power (VA) Total:

For Wye:

For Delta:

Power Factor (PF):

For Wye: x = a,b,c,T

For Delta: x = T

Phase Angles:

x = a, b, c

% Total Harmonic Distortion (%THD):

For Wye: x = v

For Delta: x = ia, ib, ic, vab, vbc, v

, vb, vc, ia, ib, i

a

c

ca

W

PF

()

x

K Factor: x = ia, ib, i

2–8 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

c

2

CHAPTER 2: METER OVERVIEW DEMAND INTEGRATORS

KFactor

hRMS

RMS

x

h

x

h

h

h

















2

1

127

2

1

127

Wh

W

t

sec hr

t

N







()

/

3600

1

VARh

VAR

t

sec hr

t

N







()

/

3600

1

Watt hour (Wh): N = number of samples

VAR hour (VARh): N = number of samples

2.7 Demand Integrators

Power utilities take into account both energy consumption and peak demand when billing
customers. Peak demand, expressed in kilowatts (kW), is the highest level of demand
recorded during a set period of time, called the interval. The EPM 9450/9650 supports the
following most popular conventions for averaging demand and peak demand: Block
Window Demand, Rolling Window Demand, Thermal Demand, and Predictive Window
Demand. You can program and access all conventions
concurrently with the GE Communicator software (see the GE Communicator Instruction
Manual).

Block (Fixed) Window Demand:

This convention records the average (arithmetic mean) demand for consecutive time
intervals (usually 15 minutes).

Example: A typical setting of 15 minutes produces an average value every 15 minutes (at
12:00, 12:15. 12:30. etc.) for power reading over the previous fifteen minute interval (11:45­12:00, 12:00-12:15, 12:15-12:30, etc.).

Rolling (Sliding) Window Demand:

Rolling Window Demand functions like multiple overlapping Block Window Demands. The
programmable settings provided are the number and length of demand subintervals. At
every subinterval, an average (arithmetic mean) of power readings over the subinterval is
internally calculated. This new subinterval average is then averaged (arithmetic mean),
with as many previous subinterval averages as programmed, to produce the Rolling
Window Demand.

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2–9

DEMAND INTEGRATORS CHAPTER 2: METER OVERVIEW

Example: With settings of 3 five-minute subintervals, subinterval averages are computed
every 5 minutes (12:00, 12:05, 12:15, etc.) for power readings over the
previous five-minute interval (11:55-12:00, 12:00-12:05, 12:05-12:10, 12:10-12:15, etc.). In
addition, every 5 minutes the subinterval averages are averaged in groups of 3 (12:00.
12:05, 12:10, 12:15. etc.) to produce a fifteen (5x3) minute average every 5 minutes (rolling
(sliding) every 5 minutes) (11:55-12:10, 12:00-12:15, etc.).

Thermal Demand:

Traditional analog Watt-hour (Wh) meters use heat-sensitive elements to measure
temperature rises produced by an increase in current flowing through the meter. A pointer
moves in proportion to the temperature change, providing a record of demand. The
pointer remains at peak level until a subsequent increase in demand moves it again, or
until it is manually reset. The EPM 9450/9650 mimics traditional meters to provide Thermal
Demand readings.

Each second, as a new power level is computed, a recurrence relation formula is applied.
This formula recomputes the thermal demand by averaging a small portion of the new
power value with a large portion of the previous thermal demand value. The proportioning
of new to previous is programmable, set by an averaging interval. The averaging interval
represents a 90% change in thermal demand to a step change in power.

Predictive Window Demand:

Predictive Window Demand enables the user to forecast average demand for future time
intervals. The EPM 9450/9650 meter uses the delta rate of change of a Rolling Window
Demand interval to predict average demand for an approaching time period. The user can
set a relay or alarm to signal when the Predictive Window reaches a specific level, thereby
avoiding unacceptable demand levels. The EPM 9450/9650 calculates Predictive Window
Demand using the following formula:

Example

: Using the previous settings of 3 five-minute intervals and a new setting of 120%
prediction factor, the working of the Predictive Window Demand could be described as
follows:

At 12:10, we have the average of the subintervals from 11:55-12:00, 12:00-12:05 and
12:05-12:10. In five minutes (12:15), we will have an average of the subintervals 12:00­12:05 and 12:05-12:10 (which we know) and 12:10-12:15 (which we do not yet know). As a
guess, we will use the last subinterval (12:05-12:10) as an approximation for the next
subinterval (12:10-12:15). As a further refinement, we will assume that the next subinterval
might have a higher average (120%) than the last subinterval. As we progress into the
subinterval, (for example, up to 12:11), the Predictive Window Demand will be the average
of the first two subintervals (12:00-12:05, 12:05-12:10), the actual values of the current
subinterval (12:10-12:11) and the prediction for the remainder of the subinterval, 4/5 of the
120% of the 12:05-12:10 subinterval.

# of Subintervals = n

Subinterval Length = Len

Partial Subinterval Length = Cnt

Prediction Factor = Pct

2–10 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 2: METER OVERVIEW DEMAND INTEGRATORS

Len

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EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2–11

ORDERING CHAPTER 2: METER OVERVIEW

NOTE

2.8 Ordering

2.8.1 Order Codes

The order codes for the Multilin™ 9450/9650 meter are shown below:

Table 2–1: Multilin™ 9450/9650 order codes

PL9450 – * – * – * – * – *

Base unit PL9450 |||||Power meter and data acquisition node
System frequency 0 | | | | 60 Hz frequency system

1 | | | | 50 Hz frequency system
4 | | | | 400 Hz frequency system

System voltage A |||120/208 V connection

B |||277/480 V connection

Control power 0 | | 90 to 276 V AC/DC power supply

1 | | 18 to 60 V DC power supply

Software Options A | 512 KB, 8 digital inputs, 8 cycles waveform capture, 100 day data

Communications 0 Four RS485 communications ports (user-selectable, RS485

log

Modbus and DNP 3.0 level 1 – no modem or Ethernet connection)
1 10/100 BaseT Ethernet, Web server and gateway capability
2 Internal 56 K modem with pass-through port

PL9650 – * – * – * – * – *

Base unit PL9650 |||||Power meter and data acquisition node with memory
System frequency 0 | | | | 60 Hz frequency system

1 | | | | 50 Hz frequency system

System voltage A |||120/208 V connection

B |||277/480 V connection

Control power 0 | | 90 to 276 V AC/DC power supply

1 | | 18 to 60 V DC power supply

Software Options A | 2MB memory, 8 digital inputs, 64 cycles waveform capture, 96

B | As above with flicker, with 4MB memory, 602 days data log

Communications 0 Four RS485 communications ports (user-selectable, RS485

days data log

Modbus and DNP 3.0 level 2 – no modem or Ethernet connection)
1 10/100 BaseT Ethernet, Web server and gateway capability
2 Internal 56 K modem with pass-through port

2.8.2 External Modules

The following external modules are available:

Note

PL9000 – * – * – * – * – * – * – * – 0 – 0

External modules and accessories must be ordered separately from base meters.

Analog output modules:

1 M A O N 4 0 0 0 Four channel ±0 to 1 mA analog outputs
1MAON8000Eight channel ±0to1mA analog outputs
2 O M A O N 4 0 0 Four channel 4 to 20 mA analog outputs
2 O M A O N 8 0 0 Eight channel 4 to 20 mA analog outputs

2–12 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 2: METER OVERVIEW ORDERING

NOTE

Analog input modules:

PL9000 – * – * – * – * – * – * – * – 0 – 0

8 A I 1 0 0 0 0 0 Eight channel ±0 to 1 mA analog inputs
8AI 200000Eight channel 4to20mA analog inputs
8 A I 3 0 0 0 0 0 Eight channel ±0 to 5 VDC analog inputs
8AI 400000Eight channel ±0to10VDC analog inputs

Digital output modules:

PL9000 – * – * – * – * – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

4 R O 1 0 0 0 0 0 Four channel control relay outputs
4PO100000Four channel KYZ solid state pulse outputs

Digital input modules:

PL9000 – * – * – * – * – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

8 D I 1 0 0 0 0 0 Eight channel digital status inputs

Auxiliary output power supply (for more than four modules):

PL9000 – * – * – I – O – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

P S I O 0 0 0 0 0 Auxiliary power supply (>4 modules)

Auxiliary mounting bracket kit (one per module group):

PL9000 – * – * – I – O – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

M B I O 0 0 0 0 0 Mounting bracket kit.

Includes 2 brackets, 2 screws, and a cable.
Order one per module group.

2.8.3 Accessories

The following accessories are available:

Note

External modules and accessories must be ordered separately from base meters.

Meter displays:

PL9000 – * – * – * – * – * – * – * – * – 0

P 4 0 N P L U S 0 Three-line LED display
P60N00000Touch-screen LCD display - 6’ Cable
P60N10000Touch-screen LCD display - 15’ Cable

Software:

PLSOFT – * – * – * – *

C O M S GE Communicator software, single user license
C O M 3 GE Communicator software, three user license

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2–13

EPM 9450/9650 METER SPECIFICATIONS CHAPTER 2: METER OVERVIEW

2.9 EPM 9450/9650 Meter Specifications

2.9.1 Power Supply

CONTROL POWER

Option 0: ...........................................24VDC (-20%) to 48 VDC (+20%)

Option 1: ...........................................120V AC/DC (-20%) to 230VAC (+20%)

Connection Screws’ Torque: ....6 to 9 in-lb max. or 0.68 to 1 Nm max.

Auxiliary Output Power Voltage:15 to 20VDC at 5-200mA
Maximum Auxiliary Power Current:1A (short protected)
Maximum Power Supply Range:100 to 250 VAC

2.9.2 Inputs

INPUT VOLTAGE

Range: ................................................150 Volts Phase to Neutral, 300V Phase to Phase (Standard; for use

with PTs)
300 Volts Phase to Neutral, 600V Phase to Phase, System voltage
Option B (277/480 Volt connection)

Withstand Capability: .................Meets ANSI C37.90.1 Surge withstand capability

Optically isolated: .........................to 2500VDC

INPUT CURRENT

Range: ................................................10A Max. (Programmable to any CT Ratio)

Fault Current recording to 60A peak secondary based on 5A Full Scale

Withstand Capability (23

Current Input Terminals..............8-32 threaded studs

BURDEN

Voltage: .............................................0.05VA @120V rms

Current: .............................................0.002VA @5A rms

ISOLATION

Inputs and outputs: .....................2500V

Com ports:.........................................isolated from each other

SENSING METHOD

RMS Update Time: .......................200msec - High-speed readings

FREQUENCY RANGE

Fundamental: .................................20 to 65Hz

Measuring Capability: ................Up to 255th Harmonic

o

C): ...Continuous rating - 20A

Surge - 100A/10 s, 300A/3 s, 500A/1 s

The current inputs are only to be connected to external current
transformers

1 sec - Revenue-accurate reading

2.9.3 Physical

DIMENSIONS

HxWxL:................................................3.4 x 7.3 x 10.5 in/8.6 x 18.5 x 26.6 cm

POWER CONSUMPTION

Maximum: ........................................40 Watts (with optional modules and display)

Nominal: ...........................................Approximately 12 Watts (without optional modules or display)

IMPEDANCE

IRIG-B Port Impedance: ..............8mA@5V

2–14 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 2: METER OVERVIEW EPM 9450/9650 METER SPECIFICATIONS

2.9.4 Environmental

ENVIRONMENTAL RATING

Operating: .......................................-40 to +70°C

Humidity: ......................................... to 95% RH Non-condensing

2.9.5 Testing and certification

COMPLIANCE

Test Reference Standard Level/Class

Electrostatic Discharge EN/IEC61000-4-2 Level 3

RF immunity EN/IEC61000-4-3 10V/m

Fast Transient Disturbance EN/IEC61000-4-4 Level 3

Surge Immunity EN/IEC61000-4-5 Level 3

Conducted RF Immunity EN/IEC61000-4-6 Level 3

Radiated & Conducted Emissions EN/IEC61000-6-4/

CISPR 11

Power magnetic frequency EN/IEC61000-4-8 Level 4

Voltage Dip & interruption EN/IEC61000-4-11 0, 40, 70, 80% dips, 250/300cycle

Flicker (EPM 9650) EN/IEC61000-4-15

PQ Analysis EN50160/IEC61000-

4-30*

Class A

interrupts

* EN50160/IEC 61000-4-30 PQ Analysis is only available for a EPM 9650 meter with
Software Feature B.

APPROVALS

Applicable Council Directive According to:

CE compliance Low voltage directive EN/IEC61010-1

EMC Directive EN61000-6-2

EN61000-6-4

North America cULus Listed UL61010-1 (PICQ)

ISO Manufactured under a registered

UL Listing
1244 (

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 2–15

C22.2.No 61010-1 (PICQ7)

File: e200431

ISO9001

quality program

not evaluated for accuracy, reliability, or capability to perform intended function)

EPM P40N

NOTE

PLUS

LED EXTERNAL DISPLAY SPECIFICATIONS CHAPTER 2: METER OVERVIEW

2.10 EPM P40N

PLUS

LED External Display Specifications

Maximum Input Voltage:............30VDC

Minimum Input Voltage: ............12VDC

Maximum Power Consumption:5W
Nominal Power Consumption:.Approximately 3W
Operating Temperature Range: -20 to +70
Overall Dimensions (HxWxD): .5.25 x 5.25 x1.79 inches/13.34 x 13.34 x 4.54 cm

(The legacy P40N dimensions are 4.4 x 4.4 x 2.2 inches/11.1 x 11.1 x

5.9cm)

o

C/-4 to +158oF

2.11 EPM P60N LCD External Display Specifications

Maximum Input Voltage:............30VDC

Minimum Input Voltage: ............10VDC

Maximum Power Consumption:5W
Nominal Power Consumption:.Approximately 4.5W
Operating Temperature Range: 0 to 50
Overall Dimensions (HxWxD): .1.6 x 5.4 x 8.0 in / 4.0 x 13.7 x 20.3 cm

o

C/32 to 122oF

2.12 Upgrading the EPM 9650 Meter’s Software Option

The EPM 9650 meter’s base configuration is Software Option "A". To upgrade your meter to
support flicker with 4 MB (Software Option "B"), follow these steps:

1. Obtain an upgrade key by contacting GE sales staff at
[e-mail] or by calling [phone]. You will be asked
for the following information:

• Serial number(s) of the meter you are upgrading.

• Desired upgrade.

• Credit card or Purchase Order number.

2. GE will issue you the upgrade key. To enable the key, follow these steps:

• Open the GE Communicator software.

• Power up your EPM 9650 meter.

• Connect to the meter via GE Communicator. (See the GE Communicator

Instruction Manual for detailed instructions. You can open the manual
online by clicking Help > Contents from the GE Communicator Main
screen).

• Click Tools > Upgrade from the Title Bar of the Main screen. A screen

opens, requesting the encrypted key.

• Enter the upgrade key provided by GE.

• Click OK. The key is enabled and the meter is reset.

Note

The EPM 9450 meter does not have a software option upgrade available.

2–16 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

GE

NOTE

Grid Solutions

EPM 9450/9650

Chapter 3: Hardware Installation

Hardware Installa tion

This chapter provides installation information for the EPM 9450/9650 meter and its
optional modules and displays.

3.1 Mounting the EPM 9450/9650 Meter

The EPM 9450/9650 Meter is designed to mount against any firm, flat surface. Use a #10
screw in each of the four slots on the flange to ensure that the unit is installed securely. For
safety reasons, mount the meter in an enclosed and protected environment, such as in a
switchgear cabinet. Install a switch or circuit breaker nearby; label it clearly as the meter’s
disconnecting mechanism.

Note

The EPM 9450/9650 meter with the Internal Modem Option mounts the same way.

Maintain the following conditions:

• Operating Temperature: -40°C to +70°C / -40°F to +158°F

• Storage Temperature: -40°C to +70°C / -40°F to +158°F

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3–1

MOUNTING THE EPM 9450/9650 METER CHAPTER 3: HARDWARE INSTALLATION

• Relative Humidity: 5 to 95% non-condensing

Figure 3-1: EPM 9450/9650 Mounting Diagram Top View

3–2 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 3: HARDWARE INSTALLATION MOUNTING THE EPM 9450/9650 METER

Figure 3-2: EPM 9450/9650 Mounting Diagram Side View

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3–3

MOUNTING THE EPM P40N

NOTE

P40N Front Dimensions

4.38” Sq.
(11.12 cm)

1.438” Sq.
(3.65 cm)

.75”
(1.91
cm)

P40N Side Dimensions

PLUS

LED EXTERNAL DISPLAY CHAPTER 3: HARDWARE INSTALLATION

3.2 Mounting the EPM P40N

The EPM 9450/9650 LED display (model number PL9000-P40NPLUS0) mounts using a
standard ANSI C39.1 drill plan.

Secure the four mounting studs to the back of the panel with the supplied nuts.

Six feet of RS485 communication/power cable harness is supplied. Allow for at least a

1.25-inch (3.17cm) diameter hole in the back for the cable harness. See Chapter 5 for
communication and power supply details.

The cable harness brings power to the display from the EPM 9450/9650 meter, which
supplies 15–20V DC. The P40N

PLUS

LED External Display

PLUS

can draw up to 500mA in display test mode.

Note

PLUS

Figure 3-3: ANSI C39.1 Drill Plan for P40N

Display

The P40N shown below is a legacy product, and not intended for new applications.

Figure 3-4: Legacy P40N Dimensions

3–4 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 3: HARDWARE INSTALLATION MOUNTING THE EPM P60N LCD EXTERNAL DISPLAY

3.3 Mounting the EPM P60N LCD External Display

The EPM 9450/9650 touch-screen LCD display is available with either 6’ of cable (model
number PL9000-P60N00000) or 15’ of cable (model number PL9000-P60N10000). The
display can be mounted up to 50 feet from the meter using the meter’s internal power
supply. Or, it can be mounted up to 4000 feet from the meter using a separate power
supply. Cable connects the display easily to any of the RS-485 ports.

A bezel and a gasket are included with the display. Since the display employs an LCD
screen, the viewing angle must be considered when mounting. Install the display at a
height and angle that make it easy for the operator to see and access the screen.

To bezel mount the unit, do the following:

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3–5

Figure 3-5: P60N LCD Touch Screen Display Mounting Diagram

MOUNTING THE EPM P60N LCD EXTERNAL DISPLAY CHAPTER 3: HARDWARE INSTALLATION

1. Cut an opening in the mounting panel. Follow cutout dimensions shown.

2. Carefully “drop in” the display with bezel and gasket attached.

3. Fasten the unit securely with the four 6-32 hex nuts supplied.

3–6 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 3: HARDWARE INSTALLATION MOUNTING THE EPM EXTERNAL I/O MODULES

3.4 Mounting the EPM External I/O Modules

A mounting bracket kit (p/n PL9000-MBIO) is required in order to install the I/O modules,
and must be ordered separately. Order one mounting bracket kit per module group. Each
mounting bracket kit includes mounting brackets, screws, and a cable.

Secure the mounting brackets to the I/O using the screws supplied (#440 pan-head
screws). Next, secure the brackets to a flat surface using a #8 screw with a lock washer.

If multiple I/O modules are connected together, as shown in Figure 3.5, secure a mounting
bracket to both ends of the group. One EPM 9450/9650 meter will supply power for a
number of I/O modules. See Section 5.6.2 to see if you need to use an additional power
supply, such as the GE PSIO. Connect multiple I/O modules using the RS485 side ports.

Six feet of RS485 cable harness is supplied with the mounting bracket kit (p/n PL9000­MBIO). The cable harness brings power to the display from the EPM 9450/9650 meter. See
Chapter 5 for power supply and communication details.

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 3–7

Figure 3-6: I/O Modules Mounting Diagram Overhead View

MOUNTING THE EPM EXTERNAL I/O MODULES CHAPTER 3: HARDWARE INSTALLATION

Mounting Brackets (MBIO)

Male RS485
Side Port

Female RS485
Side Port

I/O Port

(Size and Pin
Configuration Vary)

Figure 3-7: I/O Module Communication Ports and Mounting Brackets

Figure 3-8: I/O Modules Mounting Diagram Front View

3–8 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

GE

Grid Solutions

EPM 9450/9650

Chapter 4: Electrical Installation

Electrical Installation

This chapter provides electrical installation information for the EPM 9450/9650 meter.

4.1 Considerations When Installing Meters

Installation of the EPM 9450/9650 meter must be performed only by qualified
personnel who follow standard safety precautions during all procedures. Those
personnel should have appropriate training and experience with high voltage devices.
Appropriate safety gloves, safety glasses and protective clothing are recommended.

During normal operation of the EPM meter, dangerous voltages flow through many parts
of the unit, including: Terminals and any connected CTs (Current Transformers) and PTs
(Potential Transformers), all I/O Modules and their circuits. All Primary and Secondary

circuits can, at times, produce lethal voltages and currents. Avoid contact with any
current-carrying surfaces.

Do not use the meter or any I/O device for primary protection or in an energy-limiting
capacity. The meter can only be used as secondary protection.

Do not use the meter for applications where failure of the meter may cause harm or death.

Do not use the meter for any application where there may be a risk of fire.

All meter terminals should be inaccessible after installation.

Do not apply more than the maximum voltage the meter or any attached device can
withstand. Refer to meter and/or device labels and to the Specifications for all devices
before applying voltages. Do not HIPOT/Dielectric test any Outputs, Inputs or
Communications terminals.

GE requires the use of Shorting Blocks and Fuses for voltage leads and power supply to
prevent hazardous voltage conditions or damage to CTs, if the meter needs to be removed
from service. One side of the CT must be grounded.

Note

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4–1

The current inputs are only to be connected to external current transformers.

CONSIDERATIONS WHEN INSTALLING METERS CHAPTER 4: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

To comply with UL standards, the meter case must be connected to a reliable protective
earth available within the installation area. For this connection use minimum #14 AWG
wire crimped to a ring terminal (3) with a dedicated tool. Fasten the ring terminal (3) to the
lower left slot of the meter case with minimum #6 metal screw(1) and star washer (2), as is
shown in Figure 4.1.

The UL Classification of the meter is Measurement Category III, Pollution Degree 2.

Figure 4-1: Meter Case’s Earth Ground Connection

Note

IF THE EQUIPMENT IS USED IN A MANNER NOT SPECIFIED BY THE MANUFACTURER, THE
PROTECTION PROVIDED BY THE EQUIPMENT MAY BE IMPAIRED.

Note

THERE IS NO REQUIRED PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE OR INSPECTION NECESSARY FOR
SAFETY. HOWEVER, ANY REPAIR OR MAINTENANCE SHOULD BE PERFORMED BY THE
FACTORY.

Note

DISCONNECT DEVICE: A SWITCH OR CIRCUIT-BREAKER SHALL BE INCLUDED IN THE END­USE EQUIPMENT OR BUILDING INSTALLATION. THE SWITCH SHALL BE IN CLOSE PROXIMITY
TO THE EQUIPMENT AND WITHIN EASY REACH OF THE OPERATOR. THE SWITCH SHALL BE
MARKED AS THE DISCONNECTING DEVICE FOR THE EQUIPMENT.

4–2 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 4: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION WIRING THE MONITORED INPUTS AND VOLTAGES

NOTE

4.2 Wiring the Monitored Inputs and Voltages

Select a wiring diagram from Section 4.5 that best suits your application. Wire the EPM
9450/9650 meter exactly as shown. For proper operation, the voltage connection must be
maintained and must correspond to the correct terminal. Program the CT and PT Ratios in
the Device Profile section of the GE Communicator software; see the GE Communicator
Instruction Manual for details.

The cable required to terminate the voltage sense circuit should have an insulation rating
greater than 600V AC and a current rating greater than 0.1 Amp. Use a minimum of 14
AWG wire for all phase voltage and current connections. The maximum installation torque
for both the current input terminals and the voltage connections is 1 Newton-Meter.

4.2.1 Fusing the Voltage Connections

For accuracy of the readings and for protection, GE requires using 0.25-Amp rated fuses on
all voltage inputs as shown in the wiring diagrams (see Section 4.5).

The EPM 9450/9650 meter can handle a maximum voltage of 150V phase to neutral and
300V phase to phase. Potential Transformers (PTs) are required for higher voltages with the
standard rating. With system voltage option B (277/480 Volt connection), the direct voltage
input is extended to 300V phase to neutral and 600V phase to phase.

Note

System voltage option B (277/480 Volt connection) is only intended for use with direct
connections. For PT connections, use system voltage option A, the standard 150 Volt
version.

4.2.2 Wiring the Monitored Inputs - VRef

The Voltage Reference connection references the monitor to ground or neutral.

4.2.3 Wiring the Monitored Inputs - VAux

The Voltage Auxiliary connection is an auxiliary voltage input that can be used for any
desired purpose, such as monitoring neutral to ground voltage or monitoring two different
lines on a switch. The VAux Voltage rating is the same as the metering Voltage input
connections.

4.2.4 Wiring the Monitored Inputs - Currents

Install the cables for the current at 600V AC minimum insulation. The cable connector
should be rated at 10 Amps or greater and have a cross-sectional area of 14 AWG.

Mount the current transformers (CTs) as close as possible to the meter. The following table
illustrates the maximum recommended distances for various CT sizes, assuming the
connection is via 14 AWG cable.

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4–3

ISOLATING A CT CONNECTION REVERSAL CHAPTER 4: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

CT size (VA) Maximum Distance from

2.5 10

515

7.5 30

10 40

15 60

30 120

CT to EPM Meter (Ft)

DO NOT leave the secondary of the CT open when primary current is flowing. This may

cause high voltage, which will overheat the CT. If the CT is not connected, provide a
shorting block on the secondary of the CT.

It is important to maintain the polarity of the CT circuit when connecting to the EPM 9450/
9650 meter. If the polarity is reversed, the meter will not provide accurate readings. CT
polarities are dependent upon correct connection of CT leads and the direction CTs are
facing when clamped around the conductors. Although shorting blocks are not required
for proper meter operation, GE recommends using shorting blocks to allow removal of the
EPM 9450/9650 meter from an energized circuit, if necessary.

4.3 Isolating a CT Connection Reversal

For a Wye System, you may either:

• Check the current phase angle reading on the meter's external display (see
Chapter 6). If it is negative, reverse the CTs.

• Go to the Phasors screen of the GE Communicator software (see the GE
Communicator Instruction Manual for instructions). Note the phase relationship
between the current and voltage: they should be in phase with each other.

For a Delta System:

• Go to the Phasors screen of the GE Communicator software program (see the GE
Communicator Instruction Manual for instructions). The current should be 30
degrees off the phase-to-phase voltage.

4–4 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 4: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION INSTRUMENT POWER CONNECTIONS

4.4 Instrument Power Connections

The EPM 9450/9650 meter requires a separate power source.

To use AC power:

1. Connect the line supply wire to the L+ terminal

2. Connect the neutral supply wire to the N- terminal on the meter.

To use DC power:

1. Connect the positive supply wire to the L+ terminal.

2. Connect the negative (ground) supply wire to the N- terminal on the meter.

Power supply options and corresponding suffixes are listed in the table below.

Control Power Option Suffix

18-60 Volts DC D

90-276 Volts AC/DC D2

• Do not ground the unit through the negative of the DC supply. Separate grounding

is required.

• Externally fuse the power supply with a 5 Amp @250V rated slow blow fuse. GE

recommends that you fuse both the L+ and N- connections for increased safety,
but if you are fusing only one connection, fuse the L+ connection.

• Use at least 14 Gauge supply wire for the power supply and ground connections.

Note

NOTE ON CORRECT METER FUNCTIONING:

The EPM 9450/9650 meter has a Heartbeat LED, located on the top, right side of the meter
face. When the meter is functioning correctly, the red LED pulse toggles on and off (blinks)
5 times per second. If the meter is not functioning correctly, the Heartbeat LED slows to
one pulse per second

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4–5

WIRING DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 4: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

4.5 Wiring Diagrams

Choose the diagram that best suits your application. Diagrams appear on the following
pages. If the connection diagram you need is not shown, contact GE for a custom
Connection diagram.

Note

If you purchased a system voltage option "B" EPM 9450/9650 meter for a 300 Volt
secondary, be sure to enable the option on the CT and PT screen of the GE Communicator
software's Device Profile (see the GE Communicator Instruction Manual for instructions). Do
not use the “B” option with PTs. It is intended for direct Voltage connection, only.

Figure # Description

4.2 4-Wire Wye, 3-Element Direct Voltage with 4 CTs

4.3 4-Wire Wye, 3-Element with 3 PTs and 4 CTs

4.4 4-Wire Wye, 3-Element with 3 PTs and 3 CTs

4.5 3-Wire, 2-Element Open Delta with 2 PTs and 3 CTs

4.6 3-Wire, 2-Element Open Delta with 2 PTs and 2 CTs

4.7 3-Wire, 2-Element Delta Direct Voltage with 3 CTs

4.8 3-Phase, 4-Wire Wye, 2.5 Element with 2 PTs and 3 CTs

4.9 4-Wire, 3-Element Grounded Delta with 4 CTs - B Option

4–6 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 4: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION WIRING DIAGRAMS

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4–7

Figure 4-2: 4-Wire Wye, 3-Element Direct Voltage with 4 CTs

WIRING DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 4: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

4–8 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Figure 4-3: 4-Wire Wye, 3-Element with 3 PTs and 4 CTs

CHAPTER 4: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION WIRING DIAGRAMS

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4–9

Figure 4-4: 4-Wire Wye, 3-Element with 3 PTs and 3 CTs

WIRING DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 4: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

4–10 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Figure 4-5: 3-Wire, 2-Element Open Delta with 2 PTs and 3 CTs

CHAPTER 4: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION WIRING DIAGRAMS

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4–11

Figure 4-6: 3-Wire, 2-Element Open Delta with 2 PTs and 2 CTs

WIRING DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 4: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

4–12 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Figure 4-7: 3-Wire, 2-Element Delta Direct Voltage with 3 CTs

CHAPTER 4: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION WIRING DIAGRAMS

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 4–13

Figure 4-8: 3-Phase, 4-Wire, 2.5 Element with 2 PTs and 3 CTs

WIRING DIAGRAMS CHAPTER 4: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

4–14 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Figure 4-9: 4-Wire, 3-Element Grounded Delta with 4 CTs - B Option

GE

Grid Solutions

EPM 9450/9650

Chapter 5: Communication Wiring

Communication Wiring

This chapter provides wiring information for the EPM 9450/9650 meter’s communication
options.

5.1 Communication Overview

RS232 communication is used to connect a single EPM 9450/9650 meter with another
device, such as a computer, RTU or PLC. The link is viable for a distance of up to 50 feet
(15.2 meters) and is available only through the meter’s Port 1. You must set the selector
switch beneath the port to RS232.

RS485 communication allows multiple EPM meters to communicate with another device at
a local or remote site. The I/O modules and the EPM displays use RS485 to communicate
with the EPM meter. All RS485 links are viable for a distance of up to 4000 feet (1220
meters). Ports 1 through 4 on the EPM 9450/9650 meter are two-wire, RS485 connections
operating up to 115200 baud. To use Port 1 for RS485, set the selector switch to RS485 (the
switch is located under the port).

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5–1

COMMUNICATION OVERVIEW CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATION WIRING

RJ11 Telephone Line allows a EPM 9450/9650 meter with an Internal Modem (Comm
Option 2) to communicate with a PC. No other hardware is necessary for this easy-to-use
connection. For more details, see Chapter 10.

Figure 5-1: RJ11 Communication with Internal Modem Option

RJ45 Network Connection allows a EPM 9450/9650 meter with the Internal Network Option
(Comm Option 1) to communicate with multiple PC’s simultaneously. No other hardware is
necessary for this easy-to-use connection. In an EPM 9450/9650 meter with Comm Option
1, Port 2 becomes a Gateway for connecting multiple EPM meters using RS485.

See Chapter 11 for Comm Option 1 details.

5–2 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATION WIRING COMMUNICATION OVERVIEW

NOTE

Figure 5-2: RJ45 Communication with Internal Network Option

Note

EPM 9650 meters can also communicate with DNP 3.0 protocol over Ethernet.

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5–3

COMMUNICATION OVERVIEW CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATION WIRING

RS232

Extension

Cable

1:1 Wiring

RT=

~120 Ohms

RT=

RT=

RT=

RT=

RT=

~120 Ohms

~120 Ohms

120 Ohms

~120 Ohms

~120 Ohms

+V- S - +

+V- S - +

+V- S - +

+V- S - +

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 - +

- -

+ - S -V+

+ + G

+ - S -V+

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Note

Figure 5-3: Communication Wiring

• I/O Modules and External Displays require power connections to the +/- Voltage
terminals (dashed lines).

• For all communications: S = Shield. This connection is used to reference the EPM
9450/9650 meter’s port to the same potential as the source. It is not an earth­ground connection. You must also connect the shield to earth-ground at one

point.

• You can use ANY port to connect an EPM display or RS485 Master. The I/O modules

PLUS

use Port 3 or Port 4. EPM P40N

or P60N displays are shipped pre-programmed

to use Port 3.

5–4 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATION WIRING RS232 CONNECTION (PORT 1)

RS232 Port

Pin #2=Transmit
Pin #3=Receive
Pin #5=Ground

5 4 3 2 1
9 8 7 6

Pins:

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5.2 RS232 Connection (Port 1)

• Use Port 1 for RS232 communication. Set the selector switch beneath the port to
RS232.

• Insert one end of an RS232 extension cable into the EPM 9450/9650 meter’s 9-pin
female serial port. Insert the opposite end into a port on the computer.

• The RS232 standard limits the cable length to 50 feet (15.2 meters).

• The RS232 Port is configured as Data Communications Equipment (DCE).

Figure 5-4: RS232/RS485 Port Detail

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5–5

RS485 COMMUNICATION CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATION WIRING

NOTE

NOTE

5.3 RS485 Communication

RS485 communication allows multiple devices to communicate on a bus. The EPM 9450/
9650 meter’s Ports 1 to 4 are RS485 terminals, viable for a distance of up to 4000 feet
(1219 meters). (Port 1 can be switched between RS232 and RS485.) The
following figure shows wiring detail of a 2-wire RS485 port.

Figure 5-5: 2-Wire RS485 Port Detail

All of the EPM 9450/9650 meter’s RS485 ports have the following connections:

• +V- (Voltage terminals for power connections): use with EPM I/O Modules and
Displays only. The EPM 9450/9650 meter supplies 17V DC through the +V­terminal connections.

Note

Do not connect these pins to devices that receive power from another source—e.g., a
computer—or to devices that do not require power to operate.

• S (Shield): the Shield connection is used to reference the meter’s port to the same
potential as the source. It is not an earth-ground connection. You must also
connect the shield to earth-ground at one point. Do not connect the shield to
ground at multiple points, as this will interfere with communication.

• +/- (Two-wire, RS485 communication terminals): connect the + terminal of the EPM
meter’s port to the + terminal of the device; connect the - terminal of the EPM
meter’s port to the - terminal of the device.

Note

RS485 Communication:

• Use a shielded twisted pair cable 22 AWG (0.33 mm2) or larger, grounding the
shield at one end only.

• Establish point-to-point configurations for each device on an RS485 bus: connect
(+) terminals to (+) terminals; connect (-) terminals to (-) terminals.

• Protect cables from sources of electrical noise.

• Avoid both “star” and “tee” connections (see Figure 5.6). No more than two cables
should be connected at any one point on an RS485 network, whether the
connections are for devices, converters or terminal strips.

• Include all segments when calculating the total cable length of a network. If you
are not using an RS485 repeater, the maximum length for cable connecting all
devices is 4000 feet (1219 meters).

• RT EXPLANATION: Termination Resistors are generally used on both ends of longer
length transmission lines. The value of the Termination Resistors is determined by
the electrical parameters of the cable. Use RTs only on Master and Last Slave when
connecting multiple meters in a Daisy Chain.

5–6 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATION WIRING RS485 COMMUNICATION

g

p

p

Slave device 1

+ - SH

R

+ - SH

Earth Connection, preferably at

le location

sin

Slave device 1 Slave device 2

Slave device 3 Slave device 4

Long stub results “T” connection that can cause
interference

Twisted pair, shielded (SH) cable

Twisted pair, shielded (SH) cable Twisted pair, shielded (SH) cable

+ - SH

+ - SH + -SH

Twisted pair, shielded (SH) cable

Twisted pair, shielded (SH) cable Twisted pair, shielded (SH) cable

Master device

roblem!

Slave device 2

+ -SH

Twisted pair, shielded (SH) cable

+ - SH

+- SH

“STAR” connection can cause interference

roblem!

Last Slave device N Master device

R

+ - SH

Figure 5-6: Incorrect “T” and “Star” Topologies

5.3.1 RS485 Connection

• Use any Port on the EPM 9450/9650 meter. If you use Port 1, set the selector switch
beneath the port to RS485.

• The link using RS485 is viable for up to 4000 feet (1219 meters).

• You must use an RS485 to RS232 converter.

• For information on connecting the EPM 9450/9650 meter to a modem, see
sections 5.8.2 and 5.8.3.

• Do not use the V(+)/V(-) pins: they supply power to the EPM displays and I/O
modules.

5.3.2 Connection to an RS485 Master

• To establish communication between a EPM 9450/9650 meter and any RS485
master or RS232/RS485 converter, use a shielded, twisted pair cable.

• Use an RS485 port (Ports 1–4) on the EPM meter. If you use Port 1, set the selector
switch beneath it to RS485. Connect the (+) and (-) terminals on the meter to the (+)
and (-) terminals on the master. Provide jumpers on the master, linking its two (-)
terminals and two (+) terminals. RS485 communication is viable for up to 4000 feet
(1219 meters).

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5–7

RS485 COMMUNICATION CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATION WIRING

• Connect the shield to the Ground (G) terminal on the Master. The (S) terminal on the
EPM meter is used to reference the EPM meter’s port to the same potential as the
source. It is not an earth-ground connection. You must also connect the shield to

earth-ground at one point.

• Provide resistors at each end, connected to the (+) and (-) lines. RT is approximately
120 Ohms, but this value may vary based on length of cable run, gauge and the
impedance of the wire. See RT EXPLANATION in Section 5.3.

5.3.3 RS485 Connection to the EPM P40N

Insert one end of the supplied RS485 cable into Port 3 of the EPM 9450/9650 meter. Port 3
is factory-set to match the EPM display’s baud rate of 9600. To use a port other than Port 3,
you must set the port’s baud rate to 9600 using the GE Communicator software (see the GE
Communicator Instruction Manual for instructions). Insert the other end of the cable into
the back of the EPM P40N/P40N
the ports.)

The cable harness brings 17V DC to the displays from the EPM meter. RS485
communication is viable for up to 4000 feet (1219 meters). If your cable length exceeds 200
feet you must use a remote power supply, such as GE’s PSIO, and:

1. Connect the shield to the shield (S) terminal on the EPM display port. The (S)

terminal on the EPM meter is used to reference the EPM meter’s port to the
same potential as the source. It is not an earth-ground connection. You must

also connect the shield to earth-ground at one point.

2. Provide termination resistors at each end, connected to the + and - lines. RT is

approximately 120 Ohms. See RT EXPLANATION in Section 5.3.

The EPM P60N LCD display can be connected to as many as 8 meters in a daisy chain
formation, as shown.

PLUS

or P60N External Display

PLUS

or P60N display. (The connectors fit only one way into

5–8 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Figure 5-7: Daisy Chain Meters with the EPM P60N LCD Display

CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATION WIRING RJ11 (TELEPHONE LINE) CONNECTION—EPM METER WITH INTERNAL MODEM OPTION (COMM

Male RS485
Side Port

Female RS485
Side Port

I/O Port

(Size and Pin
Configuration Vary)

OPTION 2) TO A PC

5.4 RJ11 (Telephone Line) Connection—EPM Meter with Internal Modem
Option (Comm Option 2) to a PC

Use RJ11 Standard Telephone Line to connect with the EPM 9450/9650 meter. For details
on this connection, see Chapter 10.

5.5 RJ45 Connection—EPM Meter with Internal Network Option (Comm
Option 1) to Multiple PCs - 10/100BaseT

The Internal Network Option conforms to the IEEE 802.3, 10BaseT and 100BaseT
specification using unshielded twisted pair (UTP) wiring. This allows the use of inexpensive
RJ45 connectors and CAT 3 or better cabling. For details on this connection, see Chapter

11.

5.6 Communication Ports on the EPM I/O Modules

• Female RS485 Side Port: use to connect to another module’s female RS485 side
port.

• Male RS485 Side Port: use to connect to the EPM meter’s Port 3 or Port 4, or to
connect to another module’s male RS485 side port.

• I/O Port: use for functions specific to the type of module; size and pin configuration
varies depending on type of module.

• For more detail, refer to the following section and Chapter 9.

5.6.1 RS485 Connection—EPM Meter to EPM I/O Modules

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5–9

Figure 5-8: I/O Module Communication Ports

• Six feet of RS485 cable harness is supplied with each I/O module mounting kit (p/n
PL9000-MBIO). Insert one end of the cable into Port 3 or Port 4 of the EPM 9450/
9650 meter.

COMMUNICATION PORTS ON THE EPM I/O MODULES CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATION WIRING

NOTE

• Insert the other end of the cable into the I/O module’s female RS485 side port (see
Figure 5.8). The connectors fit only one way into the ports.

• Use the male RS485 side port to attach another I/O module. The EPM 9450/9650
meter can power up to four connected I/O modules using 15–20V DC at 50–
200mA. Use the steps in Section 5.6.2 to determine if you must use a separate
power source (for example, GE’s PSIO) to supply added power to the group. See
Section 9.2.1 for information on the PSIO. RS485 communication is viable for up to
4000 feet (1219 meters). However, if your cable length exceeds 200 feet, use the
remote power supply and:

1. Connect the + and - terminals on the EPM meter to the + and - terminals of the

female RS485 port. Connect the shield to the shield (S) terminal. The (S)
terminal on the EPM meter is used to reference the meter’s port to the same
potential as the source. It is not an earth-ground connection. You must also

connect the shield to earth-ground at one point.

2. Provide termination resistors at each end, connected to the + and - lines. RT is

approximately 120 Ohms. See RT EXPLANATION in Section 5.3

5.6.2 Steps to Determine Power Needed

Available power for all ports of the EPM 9450/9650 meter is 12 VA.

1. Refer to the tables on the next two pages to determine the VA Ratings for I/O

modules and displays.

2. Add together the VA Ratings for all I/O modules and displays in use.

3. Compare available power to power needed to determine if you must use an

additional power source.

Note

GE recommends the PSIO 12V power source if the I/O module VA rating exceeds the EPM
specification. See Section 9.2.1 for information and Section 9.3 for usage instructions.

I/O Module Factory Settings and VA Ratings

Model# Module Address VA Rating

1mAON4 ±0-1mA, 4 Analog Outputs 128 2.7VA

1mAON8 ±0-1mA, 8 Analog Outputs 128 3.2VA

20mAON4 4-20mA, 4 Analog Outputs 132 5.0VA

20mAON8 4-20mA, 8 Analog Outputs 132 8.5VA

8AI1 ±0-1mA, 8 Analog Inputs 136 2.3VA

8AI2 4-20mA, 8 Analog Inputs 140 2.3VA

8AI3 0-5VDC, 8 Analog Inputs 144 2.3VA

5–10 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

8AI4 0-10VDC, 8 Analog Inputs 148 2.3VA

4RO1 4 Latching Relay Outputs 156 2.7VA

4PO1 4 KYZ Pulse Outputs 160 2.7VA

8DI1 8 Status Inputs (Wet/Dry) 164 1.0VA

CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATION WIRING LINKING MULTIPLE EPM METERS IN SERIES

NOTE

Twisted pair, shielded (SH) cable

R

T

+ - SH

R

T

+ - SH

+ - SH

+ - SH

Slave device 1

Slave device 2

Last Slave device N Master device

Earth Connection, preferably at
single location

Twisted pair, shielded (SH) cable Twisted pair, shielded (SH) cable

As the table above shows, all I/O modules are shipped pre-programmed with a baud rate
of 57600 and addresses. For programming instructions, refer to the GE Communicator
Instruction Manual.

See the next page for the external displays’ VA Ratings.

If you are using a PSIO (for 125V AC/DC input) your maximum VA is 12.

EPM Display VA Ratings

P40N

PLUS

LED Display 3.8VA

P60N LCD Display 5VA

5.7 Linking Multiple EPM Meters in Series

You may connect a total of 31 EPM meters in series on a single bus using RS485. The cable
length may not exceed 4000 feet (1219 meters). Before assembling the bus, each EPM
meter must be assigned a unique address. See the GE Communicator Instruction Manual
for instructions.

• Connect the + and - terminals of each EPM meter. Use jumpers on any RS485
Master connected at the end of the chain.

• Connect the shield to the (S) terminal on each EPM meter and to the Ground on the
RS485 Master. This connection is used to reference the EPM meter’s port to the
same potential as the source. It is not an earth-ground connection. You must also

connect the shield to earth-ground at one point.

• Provide termination resistors at each end, connected to the (+) and (-) lines. RT is
approximately 120 Ohms, but this value may vary based on length of cable run,
gauge or the impedance of the wire. See RT EXPLANATION in Section 5.3 .

You can use an RS485 repeater to network several links of instruments.

Note

5.8 Remote Communication Overview

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5–11

Figure 5-9: Linking Multiple EPM Meters in Series

• A maximum number of 31 EPM meters may be connected to one repeater.

• A maximum number of 31 repeaters may be included on the same network.

REMOTE COMMUNICATION OVERVIEW CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATION WIRING

0INSAT.ULL-ODEM-ALE%ND

0INSAT&EMALE-ODEM-ALE%ND

  

   

Either RJ11 (Comm Option 2) or RJ45 (Comm Option 1) can connect devices at great
distances. Section 5.1 gives an overview of these communication options. Chapter 10
explains the Comm 2 Internal Modem Option; Chapter 11 explains the Comm 1 Network
Option.

You can use also use modems to connect devices. See Section 5.8.2 for additional
information.

5.8.1 Remote Communication—RS232

The link using RS232 is viable for up to 50 feet (15.2 meters).

Set the selector switch under Port 1 to RS232.

Use an RS232 serial extension cable connected to the 9-pin female serial port of the EPM
9450/9650 meter’s Port 1. Program this port for Modbus ASCII. See the GE Communicator
Instruction Manual for details.

• You must use a Null Modem or Null Cable between the EPM meter and the remote
modem when using RS232. A Null Modem enables two DCE devices to
communicate. The figure below details how a null modem reconfigures the RS232
pins.

• The remote modem must be programmed for auto-answer and set at a fixed baud
rate of 9600 with no Flow Control. See Section 5.8.3 and the GE Communicator
Instruction Manual for further details.

5.8.2 Remote Communication-RS485

Use any Port on the EPM 9450/9650 meter. If you use Port 1, set the selector switch
beneath the port to RS485. The link using RS485 is viable for up to 4000 feet (1219 meters).

Use GE Communicator software to set the port's baud rate to 9600 and enable Modbus
ASCII protocol. See the GE Communicator Instruction Manual for instructions. Remember,
Modbus RTU will not function properly with modem communication. You must change the
protocol to Modbus ASCII.

You must use an RS485 to RS232 converter and a Null Modem.

Figure 5-10: Figure 5.10: Standard Null Modem Configuration

5–12 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATION WIRING REMOTE COMMUNICATION OVERVIEW

5.8.3 Programming Modems for Remote Communication

You must program a modem before it can communicate properly with most RS485 or
RS232-based devices. This task is often quite complicated because modems can be
unpredictable when communicating with remote devices.

You must set the following strings to communicate with the remote EPM meter(s). Consult
your modem’s manual for the proper string settings or see Section 5.8.3.1 for a list of select
modem strings.

Modem Connected to a Computer (the Originate Modem)

• Restore modem to factory settings. This erases all previously programmed
settings.

• Set modem to display Result Codes. The computer will use the result codes.

• Set modem to Verbal Result Codes. The computer will use the verbal result codes.

• Set modem to use DTR Signal. This is necessary for the computer to ensure
connection with the originate modem.

• Set modem to enable Flow Control. This is necessary to communicate with remote
modem connected to the EPM meter.

• Instruct modem to write the new settings to activate profile. This places these
settings into nonvolatile memory; the setting will take effect after the modem
powers up.

Modem Connected to the EPM Meter (the Remote Modem)

• Restore modem to factory settings. This erases all previously programmed
settings.

• Set modem to auto answer on n rings. This sets the remote modem to answer the
call after n rings.

• Set modem to ignore DTR Signal. This is necessary for the EPM meter, to insure
connection with originate modem.

• Set modem to disable Flow Control. The EPM meter’s RS232 communication does
not support this feature.

• Instruct modem to write the new settings to activate profile. This places these
settings into nonvolatile memory; the setting will take effect after the modem
powers up.

• When programming the remote modem with a terminal program, make sure the
baud rate of the terminal program matches the EPM meter’s baud rate.

Selected Modem Strings

Modem String/Setting

Cardinal modem AT&FE0F8&K0N0S37=9

Zoom/Faxmodem VFX V.32BIS(14.4K) AT&F0&K0S0=1&W0&Y0

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5–13

Zoom/Faxmodem 56Kx Dual Mode AT&F0&K0&C0S0=1&W0&Y0

USRobotics Sportster 33.6
Faxmodem:
DIP switch setting

AT&F0&N6&W0Y0 (for 9600 baud)

Up Up Down Down Up Up Up Down

REMOTE COMMUNICATION OVERVIEW CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATION WIRING

Modem String/Setting

USRobotics Sportster 56K
Faxmodem:
DIP switch setting

AT& F0&W 0Y0

Up Up Down Down Up Up Up Down

5–14 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATION WIRING HIGH SPEED INPUTS CONNECTION

5.9 High Speed Inputs Connection

The EPM 9450/9650 meter’s built-in High Speed Inputs can be used in many ways:

• Attach the KYZ HS Outputs from other meters for totalizing.

• Attach relaying contacts for breaker status or initiated logging.

• Set as an Input Trigger for Historical Log 2.

Refer to the GE Communicator Instruction Manual for instructions on programming these
features.

The High Speed Inputs can be used with either dry or wet field contacts. For Wet contacts,
the common rides on a unit-generated Nominal 15V DC. No user programming is
necessary to use either wet or dry field contacts.

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5–15

Figure 5-11: High-Speed Inputs Connections

IRIG-B CONNECTIONS CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATION WIRING

5.10 IRIG-B Connections

IRIG-B is a standard time code format that synchronizes event time-stamping to within 1
millisecond. An IRIG-B signal-generating device connected to the GPS satellite system
synchronizes EPM 9450/9650 meters located at different geographic locations. EPM
meters use an un-modulated signal from a satellite-controlled clock (such as the GE
MultiSync 1588). For details on installation, refer to the User’s Manual for the satellite­controlled clock in use. Below are installation steps and tips that will help you.

Connection

Connect the (+) terminal of the EPM meter to the (+) terminal of the signal generating
device; connect the (-) terminal of the EPM meter to the (-) terminal of the signal generating
device.

Installation

Set Time Settings for the meter being installed.

1. From the GE Communicator Device Profile menu:

• Click General Settings > Time Settings > one of the Time Settings lines,

to open the Time Settings screen.

• Set the Time Zone and Daylight Savings (Select AutoDST or Enable and set

dates).

• Click Update Device Profile to save the new settings. (See the GE

Communicator Instruction Manual for details.)

2. Before connection, check that the date on the meter clock is correct (or, within
2 Months of the actual date). This provides the right year for the clock (GPS
does not supply the year).

3. Connect the (+) terminal of the EPM meter to the (+) terminal of the signal
generating device; connect the (-) terminal of the EPM meter to the (-) terminal
of the signal generating device.

5–16 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATION WIRING IRIG-B CONNECTIONS

NOTE

+

-

+

-

IRIG-B Port

IRIG-B Time

Signal

Generating

Device

GPS Satellite Connection

Troubleshooting Tip: The most common source of problems is a reversal of the two wires.
If you have a problem, try reversing the wires.

Figure 5-12: IRIG-B Communication

Note

Please make sure that the selected clock can drive the amount of wired loads.

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 5–17

TIME SYNCHRONIZATION ALTERNATIVES CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATION WIRING

5.11 Time Synchronization Alternatives

(See the GE Communicator Instruction Manual for details.)

IRIG-B

• All EPM 9450/9650 meters are equipped to use IRIG-B for time synchronization.

• If IRIG-B is connected, this form of time synchronization takes precedence over the
internal clock. If the GPS Signal is lost , the internal clock takes over time keeping at
the precise moment the signal is lost.

Line Frequency Clock Synchronization

• All EPM 9450/9650 meters are equipped with Line Frequency Clock
Synchronization, which may be enabled or disabled for use instead of IRIG-B. If
Line Frequency Clock Synchronization is enabled and power is lost, the internal
clock takes over at the precise moment power is lost.

Internal Clock Crystal

• All EPM 9450/9650 meters are equipped with internal clock crystals which are
accurate to 20ppm, and which can be used if IRIG-B is not connected and/or Line
Frequency Clock Synchronization is not enabled.

DNP Time Synchronization

• Using GE Communicator, you can set the meter to request time synchronization
from the DNP Master. Requests can be made from once per minute to once per
day. See the EPM 9450 or EPM 9650 DNP Guide for instructions. You can download
the manual from GE’s website: www.gegridsolutions.com.

Other Time Setting Tools

• Tools > Set Device Time: For manual or PC time setting

• Script & Scheduler: Time stamps retrieved logs and data

• MV90: Can synchronize time on retrievals in the form of a Time Stamp. Refer to the
GE Communicator Instruction Manual (HHF Converter) for more MV-90 details.

5–18 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

GE

Grid Solutions

EPM 9450/9650

Chapter 6: Using the External

Displays

Using the External Displays

This chapter provides information on the EPM 9450/9650 meter’s external displays.

6.1 Overview

GE offers two external displays for use with the EPM 9450/9650 meter:

• EPM P60N LCD Display

•EPM P40N

The P60N is touch-screen LCD display that provides real-time readings, harmonics,
waveforms and phasors from EPM 9450/9650 meters. Because the display uses a
programmable address, one P60N display can act as an access tool for up to 8 meters. The
P60N display is available with either a 6’ or 15’ cable.

The P40N
information stored in your EPM 9450/9650 meter. The P40N
port for direct data download.

Plug one of the EPM external displays into Port 3 or 4 of the meter, using the cable supplied
with the display. The displays operate at 9600 baud. Port 3 is already factory-set to 9600
baud (see Chapter 5 for communication details). To use a display on another port,
configure that port to operate at 9600 baud with the GE Communicator Software. See the
GE Communicator Instruction Manual for instructions on configuring the meter's port.

PLUS

LED Display

PLUS

is a three-line LED display that provide easy-to-use access to the

PLUS

display also features a USB

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6–1

USING THE EPM P60N LCD EXTERNAL DISPLAY CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS

6.2 Using the EPM P60N LCD External Display

The EPM P60N LCD external display has a programmable address, allowing access to up to
8 meters.

The Touch Screen External Display is ready to use upon power-up. Touching the “buttons”
at the top of the screen will take you to the Groups of Readings listed in section 6.2.2. With
the “buttons” at the bottom of the screen, you can use the touch screen to review Limits
and review or change Settings on the Display and the Monitor. Also, you can Reset Max/Min
and Demand, Hour, I2T and V2T Counters, All Logs and TOU for Current Session and Month
using the Reset Button.

All screens have a Main button that will take you back to the Main screen. All screens also
have a Next button that will take you to the next group of readings. Some of the screens
have additional navigation buttons to take you to complimentary readings.

6–2 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Figure 6-1: P60N Touch Screen External Display

CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS USING THE EPM P60N LCD EXTERNAL DISPLAY

NOTE

Note

The screens available on the EPM P60N LCD display depend on the features and Software
options of the attached EPM 9450/9650 meter. See section 6.2.3 for a full navigational map
of all available options.

6.2.1 EPM P60N Display Groups of Readings

VOLTS: Voltage Readings Details

• Volts AN/BN/CN/AB/BC/CA

• Maximum Volts AN/BN/CN/AB/BC/CA

• Minimum Volts AN/BN/CN/AB/BC/CA

AMPS: Current Readings Details

•Real Time Current A/B/C

•Maximum Current A/B/C

• Minimum Current A/B/C

• Current Calculated N/Measured N

• Maximum Current Calculated N/

Measured N

REAL TIME POWER: Real Time Power
Readings Details

Demand button goes to Demand Power
screen.

• Instant kWatt/kVAR/VA/PF

• Average kWatt/kVAR/VA/PF

• Predicted kWatt/kVAR/VA/PF

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6–3

USING THE EPM P60N LCD EXTERNAL DISPLAY CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS

DEMAND POWER: Demand Power
Readings Details

R/T button goes to Real Time Power screen.

• Thermal Window Average Maximum
+kWatt/+kVAR/CoIn kVAR

• Fixed Window Average Maximum
+kWatt/+kVAR/CoIn kVAR

• Predictive Sliding Window Maximum
+kWatt/+kVAR/CoIn kVAR

ENERGY: Accumulated Energy Information/
Delivered Energy/Received Energy

TOU button goes to TOU Register
Accumulations screen.

• -kWatthr Quadrant 2+Quadrant 3
(Primary)

• +kVAhr Quadrant 2 (Primary)

• +kVARhr Quadrant 2 (Primary)

• +kVAhr Quadrant 3 (Primary)

• -kVARhr Quadrant 3 (Primary)

• +kWatthr Quadrant 1+Quadrant 4 (Primary)

• +kVAhr for all Quadrants (Primary)

TOU: Time of Use Readings Register
Accumulations/ Registers 1 - 8

Demand button goes to TOU Register
Demand screen.

Next Reg button displays Registers 1 - 8.

Next Group button displays Prior Season,
Month, Current Season, Month.

• -kWatthr Quadrant 2+Quadrant 3
(Primary)

• +kVAhr Quadrant 2 (Primary)

• +kVARhr Quadrant 2 (Primary)

• +kVAhr Quadrant 3 (Primary)

• -kVARhr Quadrant 3 (Primary)

• +kWatthr Quadrant 1+Quadrant 4 (Primary)

• +kVAhr Quadrants 1 & 4 (Primary)

• -kVARhr Quadrant 4 (Primary)

6–4 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS USING THE EPM P60N LCD EXTERNAL DISPLAY

TOU: Register Demand/ Register 1 - 8

Accum button goes to TOU Register
Accumulation screen.

Next Reg button displays Registers 1 - 8.

Next Group button displays Prior Season,
Month, Current Season, Month.

• Fixed Window +kWatth, +kVARhr, -

kWatth, -kVARh, Coin +kVARh, Coin ­kVARh

FLICKER: Instantaneous

Note: Flicker settings such as frequency must
be configured through the GE Communicator
software. See the GE Communicator
Instruction Manual for details.

Short Term button goes to Flicker - Short
Term.

Long Term button goes to Flicker - Long
Term.

• Time of Start/Reset, Stop, Current, Next

Pst, Next Plt

• Flicker measurement Status

• Base frequency, Current frequency

•Base Voltage

• Pinst for voltages Va, Vb, Vc

•Voltage reading for Va, Vb, Vc

FLICKER: Short Term

Instantaneous button goes to Flicker ­Instantaneous screen.

Long Term button goes to Flicker - Long
Term screen.

• Current Pst values for Va, Vb, Vc, and

the time of computation

• Maximum Pst values for Va, Vb, Vc

since last reset, and the time of last
reset

• Minimum Pst values for Va, Vb, Vc since last reset, and the time of last reset

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6–5

USING THE EPM P60N LCD EXTERNAL DISPLAY CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS

FLICKER: Long Term

Instantaneous button goes to Flicker ­Instantaneous screen.

Short Term button goes to Flicker - Short
Term screen.

• Current Plt values for Va, Vb, Vc, and the
time of computation

• Maximum Plt values for Va, Vb, Vc since
last reset, and the time of last reset

• Minimum Plt values for Va, Vb, Vc since
last reset, and the time of last reset

LIMITS: Limit Status. Current Limits
Settings for Monitor, ID 1 - 32

Displays the limits currently programmed by
the GE Communicator software. See the GE
Communicator Instruction Manual for details
on programming limits.

PHASORS: Phasor Analysis

• Phase Angle Van/bn/cn

• Phase Angle Ia/b/c

• Phase Angle Vab/bc/ca

WAVEFORM: Real Time Waveform Graph

Use Channel button to view different graphs
and readings:

• Channel Van/bn/cn

• Channel Ia/b/c

• % THD, KFactor, Frequency for selected
channel

6–6 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS USING THE EPM P60N LCD EXTERNAL DISPLAY

SPECTRUM: Harmonic Spectrum Analysis

Use Channel button to view graphs and
readings:

Zoom In or Out for detail.

• Channel Van/bn/cn

• Channel Ia/b/c

• % THD, KFactor, Frequency for selected

channel

TREND: Real Time Trending Analysis

Use Channel button to view different graphs
and readings and Detail button to view log
entries.

• Channel Van/bn/cn Vab/bc/ca

• Channel Ia/b/c

• Channel Frequency, Watts

LOGGING STATUS

Number of records stored and percent of
memory used for each log type.

RESET: Meter Reset Commands

To Change Settings:

Touch the screen to change Don’t Reset
to Reset.

Touch Reset Now button. OK will
appear.

Touch OK to refresh screen (go back to
original screen).

• Max/Min and Demand.

• Hour, I2T and V2T Counters.

•All Logs.

• TOU for Current Session and Month.

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6–7

USING THE EPM P60N LCD EXTERNAL DISPLAY CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS

EPM P60N Display Settings

LCD Screen Settings:

• Contrast - Touch Up/Down buttons to
increase/decrease settings. A Contrast
of 37 is the optimum setting.

• Backlight Off Delay - number of seconds
after use that backlight turns off. Touch
Up/Down buttons to increase/decrease
settings.

Link Settings

• Address (000 - 255).

Touch Up/Down buttons to increase/
decrease settings.

• Protocol (selected).

• Baud (selected).

Click UP to add an address; click SAVE to
Save the new address.

Port Settings:

Port 1 (Baud and Protocol selected)

Port 2 (Baud and Protocol selected)

Port 3 (Baud and Protocol selected)

Port 4 (Baud and Protocol selected)

Meter Status:

• Device Type: meter type

• Serial Number: 10 digit number

• Comm State: Healthy or Unhealthy

•Nv Ram: 4 MB

• DSP State: Healthy or Unhealthy

• Protection: Password Enabled or
Disabled

• On Time: Current Date and Time

6–8 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS USING THE EPM P60N LCD EXTERNAL DISPLAY

Firmware Versions:

Meter versions:

• Boot

• Run-time

• DSP Boot

• DSP Run-time

LCD Display version

This screen displays the current firmware
version for the Meter and the display.

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6–9

USING THE EPM P60N LCD EXTERNAL DISPLAY CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS

6.2.2 EPM P60N Display Navigational Map (all options)

6–10 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS USING THE EPM P40NPLUS LED EXTERNAL DISPLAY

6.3 Using the EPM P40N

6.3.1 Using the EPM P40N

The EPM P40N
downloads. You can connect to the USB port with GE Communicator to poll and configure
the meter attached to the display. To use the USB, follow these instructions:

PLUS

LED External Display

PLUS

USB port

PLUS

LED external display has a USB port on the front for direct data

1. Use the EPM Series Product CD, shipped with your meter, to install the GE
Communicator software and the driver for the P40N

• Insert the CD into your PC's CD drive. The screen shown below opens in

your Browser.

PLUS

USB port.

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6–11

• To install GE Communicator, click the Install Software button and click Run

on the screen that opens.

• Click on the USB Driver button and click Run on the screen that opens.

The P40N

PLUS

driver is installed.

USING THE EPM P40NPLUS LED EXTERNAL DISPLAY CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS

2. Connect the USB cable from your PC to the port: using a USA-A Male to USB-B
Male cable, attach the USB-A connector to the PC and attach the USB-B
connector to the P40N

PLUS

USB port. See Figure 6.1.

Figure 6-2:

USB-B Male Connector and P40N

Once the USB cable is connected to the P40N

PLUS

, the display clears and the message

PLUS

USB Port

“USB in Use” scrolls at the bottom of the display. Additionally, the USB LED icon lights up
when the USB connection is being used. You connect to the USB port using GE
Communicator software the same way you connect to a meter with the software. Follow
these instructions:

1. Determine which port the PC's USB is using:

• On your PC, click Start > Settings > Control Panel.

• Double-click the System folder.

6–12 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS USING THE EPM P40NPLUS LED EXTERNAL DISPLAY

• Click the Hardware tab. You will see the screen below.

• Click the Device Manager button. You will see a list of the computer's

hardware devices.

• Click the plus sign next to Ports (COM & LPT). The COM ports are displayed.
Note the COM number for the USB Serial Port. This is the number you will
use to connect to the P40N

PLUS

through GE Communicator. See the figure

below.

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6–13

USING THE EPM P40NPLUS LED EXTERNAL DISPLAY CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS

2. Open GE Communicator software and click the Connect icon in the Icon bar.

See the screen shown below.

3. Click the Serial Port button if it’s not already selected.

4. Set the Baud Rate to 9600. (It uses 9600 because it shares an existing Com
port for displayed readings.)

5. Click the Available Ports button and select the USB COM Port number from
the drop-down list.

6. Protocol should be Modbus RTU.

7. Flow Control should be None.

8. Echo Mode should be No Echo.

9. Click Connect. The software connects to the meter through the P40N

PLUS

.

Refer to the GE Communicator User's Manual for programming instructions.
(Click Help > Contents from the GE Communicator Title Bar to view the
manual online.)

6.3.2 Connect Multiple Displays

One cable (housing two-wire RS485 and two-wire power wires plus shield) is used to
connect the displays. The EPM 9450/9650 meter’s ports support 12 VA. Each P40N
requires 3.3 VA (maximum 3.8 VA). The Master display (P40N

PLUS

) is the master in

communication. The Amp, Power and EPM devices are slaves in communication. Therefore,

PLUS

) should be at the end of the daisy-chained units.

6.3.3 EPM P40N

the Master display (P40N

PLUS

Display Modes

The EPM P40N

PLUS

LED external display has three modes:

• Dynamic Readings mode (section 6.3.4)

• EPM Information mode (section 6.3.5)

• Display Features mode (section 6.3.6)

Each mode is divided into groups. Most groups are further broken down into readings.

• Use the MODE button to scroll between modes.

6–14 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

PLUS

CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS USING THE EPM P40NPLUS LED EXTERNAL DISPLAY

• Use the UP/DOWN arrows to scroll from group to group within each mode.

• Use the LEFT/RIGHT arrows to scroll from reading to reading within each group.

PLUS

Use the GE Communicator software to Flash Update the P40N

external display. Refer

to the GE Communicator Instruction Manual for instructions.

6.3.4 EPM P40N

PLUS

Dynamic Readings Mode

The External Display puts itself in the Dynamic Readings Mode upon power-up. Use the
Mode button to access the Dynamic Readings from other Modes. Use the Up/Down arrows
to navigate from Group to Group within this Mode.

Group 1: Phase to Neutral Voltages (Use the Left/Right arrows to access the following
readings, in order.)

•Volts AN/BN/CN

• Maximum Volts AN/BN/CN

• Minimum Volts AN/BN/CN

•Volts AN/BN/CN %THD

• Volts AN/BN/CN Maximum %THD

•Volts AN/BN/CN Minimum %THD

Group 2: Phase to Phase Voltages (Use the Left/Right arrows to access the following
readings, in order.)

• Volts AB/BC/CA

• Minimum Volts AB/BC/CA

• Maximum Volts AB/BC/CA

Group 3: Current (Use the Left/Right arrows to access the following readings, in order.)

• Current A/B/C

•Maximum Current

• Minimum Current

• Current %THD

• Current Maximum %THD

• Current Minimum %THD

• Current Calculated N/Measured N

• Maximum Current Calculated N/Measured N

Group 4: Watt/VAR (Use the Left/Right arrows to access the following readings, in order.)

Group 5:VA/PF/Frequency (Use the Left/Right arrows to access the following readings, in

order.)

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6–15

•kWatt/kVAR

• Maximum +kWatt/+kVAR/CoIn kVAR

• Maximum -kWatt/-kVAR/CoIn kVAR

• Block (Fixed) Window Average Maximum +kWatt/+kVAR/CoIn kVAR

• Predictive Rolling (Sliding) Window Maximum +kWatt/+kVAR/CoIn kVAR

•kVA/PF lag/Hz

USING THE EPM P40NPLUS LED EXTERNAL DISPLAY CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS

•Maximum kVA/Hz

• Minimum kVA/Hz

• Maximum Quadrant 1 Total PF

• Minimum Quadrant 1 Total PF

• Maximum Quadrant 2 Total PF

• Minimum Quadrant 2 Total PF

• Maximum Quadrant 3 Total PF

• Minimum Quadrant 3 Total PF

• Maximum Quadrant 4 Total PF

• Minimum Quadrant 4 Total PF

Group 6: Delivered Energy (Use the Left/Right arrows to access the following readings, in
order.)

• +kWatthr Quadrant 1+Quadrant 4 (Primary)

• +kVAhr Quadrant 1 (Primary)

• +kVARhr Quadrant 1 (Primary)

• +kVAhr Quadrant 4 (Primary)

• -kVARhr Quadrant 4 (Primary)

Group 7: Received Energy (Use the Left/Right arrows to access the following readings, in
order.)

• -kWatthr Quadrant 2+Quadrant 3 (Primary)

• +kVAhr Quadrant 2 (Primary)

• +kVARhr Quadrant 2 (Primary)

• +kVAhr Quadrant 3 (Primary)

• -kVARhr Quadrant 3 (Primary)

Group 8: Accumulations (Use the Left/Right arrows to access the following readings, in
order.)

•kI2t A

•kI2t B

•kI2t C

•kV2t A

•kV2t B

•kV2t C

Group 9: Phase Angles (Use the Left/Right arrows to access the following readings, in
order.)

• Phase Angle Van/bn/cn

• Phase Angle Ia/b/c

• Phase Angle Vab/bc/ca

• Phase Sequence

Navigation Map of Dynamic Readings Mode

• Use Left/Right arrow keys to navigate Readings

6–16 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS USING THE EPM P40NPLUS LED EXTERNAL DISPLAY

1 Second Volts

AN,BN,CN

Maximum Volts

AN,BN,CN

Minimum Volts

AB,BC,CA

Maximum Volts

AB,BC,CA

Minimum Volts

AN,BN,CN

%THD Volts

AN,BN,CN

Max %THD

Volts

AN,BN,CN

Min %THD

Volts

AN,BN,CN

Return to

First

Reading

Return to

First

Reading

Return to

First

Reading

Return to

First

Reading

Return to

First

Reading

Return to

First

Reading

Return to

First

Reading

Return to First

Reading

Return to

First

Reading

1 Second Volts

AB,BC,CA

1 Second

kWatt, kVAR

+Max kWatt,
+kVAR,CoIn

kVAR

-Max kWatt,

-kVAR,CoIn
kVAR

Block WinAvg Max

+kWatt,

+kVAR,CoIn kVAR

Pred Roll Win Avg

+kWatt,

+kVAR,CoIn kVAR

1 Second
IA,IB,IC

Maximum

IA,IB,IC

Minimum

IA,IB,IC

%THD

IA,IB,IC

Max %THD

IA,IB,IC

Min %THD

IA,IB,IC

1 Second
INc,INm

1 Second

kVA, PF

lag,

Frequency

Max
kVA,
Freq

Min

kVA,

Freq

Max Q1,

Total PF

Min Q1,
Total PF

Max Q2,

Total PF

Min Q2,
Total PF

Max Q3,
Total PF

Min Q3,
Total PF

Min Q4,
Total PF

Min Q4,
Total PF

Positive

kWatthour

Q1+Q4

Positive
kVARhr

Q1

Positive

kVARhr

Q2

Negative

kVARhr

Q4

Negative

kVARhr

Q3

kI2t A

kI2t B

kI2t C

kV2t A

kV2t B

kV2t C

Phase Angles V

AN,BN,CN

Phase Angles I

A,B,C

Phase Angles V

AB,BC,CA

Phase

Sequence

Negative

kWatthr
Q2+Q3

*

*

U

U

R

R

X

X

S

S

V

V

55HHDDGGLLQQJJVV



• Use Up/Down arrows to scroll between groups.

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6–17

USING THE EPM P40NPLUS LED EXTERNAL DISPLAY CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS

6.3.5 EPM P40N

PLUS

Information Mode

Use the Mode button to access the EPM Information mode from other modes. Use the Up/
Down arrows to navigate from group to group within this mode.

Group 1: Device Time

Meter Time

Group 2: Communication Settings (Use the Left/Right arrows to access the following
readings, in order.)

• Communication Settings Port 1: Baud/Addr/Protocol

• Communication Settings Port 2: Baud/Addr/Protocol

• Communication Settings Port 3: Baud/Addr/Protocol

• Communication Settings Port 4: Baud/Addr/Protocol

Group 3: PT/CT Ratios (Use the Left/Right arrows to access the following readings, in
order.)

• PT Ratio

• CT Ratio

Group 4: External Display Units

Primary/Secondary

Select either Primary or Secondary units for the External Display using the GE
Communicator software (see the GE Communicator Instruction Manual).

• When Primary is selected, the Display shows all readings in Primary units based on
the user programmed PT and CT Ratios.

• When Secondary is selected, the Display shows all readings in Secondary units.

Group 5: Firmware Versions and Serial Numbers (Use the Left/Right arrows to access the
following readings, in order.)

• Run Time External Display/Run Time DSP/RunTime Comm

• Boot External Display/Boot DSP/Boot Comm

• Serial Number External Display; Serial Number EPM Monitor

6–18 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS USING THE EPM P40NPLUS LED EXTERNAL DISPLAY

Meter Time

Display

Primary/Secondary

CT RatioPT Ratio

Serial #

Display, Serial

# Monitor

Boot

Display,

DSP, Comm

Run-time

Display,

DSP, Comm

*

*

U

U

R

R

X

X

S

S

V

V

55HHDDGGLLQQJJVV



Return

To

First Reading

Return

To

First

Reading

Return

To

First Reading

Comm

Settings

Port 4

Comm

Settings

Port 3

Comm

Settings

Port 2

Comm

Settings

Port 1

Navigation Map of EPM Information Mode

• Use Left/Right arrow keys to navigate Readings

• Use Up/Down arrows to scroll between groups.

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6–19

USING THE EPM P40NPLUS LED EXTERNAL DISPLAY CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS

NOTE

NOTE

6.3.6 Display Features Mode

Use the Mode button to access the Display Features Mode from other modes. Use the Up/
Down arrows to navigate from group to group within this mode.

Group 1: Reset Max/Min

Press Enter to reset the Max and Min values.

Note

If the Password Protection feature has been enabled through GE Communicator software,
you will need to enter a password to reset the Max/Min readings. Follow this procedure:

1. Press Enter.

2. Enter the password, one character at a time, by pressing the Up or Down

arrows. (Each password character begins as an "A". Press the Up arrow to
increment the character from "A to Z" and then from "0 to 9". Press the Down
arrow to decrement the character from "9 to 0" and then from "Z to A".)

3. Press Set to enter each character in the password.

4. When the entire password is shown on the Display screen, press Enter.

5. Once the password is entered correctly, press Enter again to reset the Max/

Min values.

Group 2: Reset Energy

Press Enter to reset the Energy readings.

Note

If the Password Protection feature has been enabled through GE Communicator software,
you will need to enter a password to reset the Energy readings. Follow steps 1 to 4, above,
then press Enter again to reset energy.

Group 3: Display Baud Rate/Address

Group 4: Display Communication Protocol

Group 7: Lamp Test

Press Enter to conduct an LED test.

Group 8: Display Scroll ON/OFF

Press Enter to turn the scroll feature on or off. When the scroll feature is on, the P40N

PLUS

external display scrolls through the first reading of each group in the Dynamic Readings
mode. If a button is pressed during the scroll, scrolling pauses for one minute.

6–20 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL

CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS USING THE EPM P40NPLUS LED EXTERNAL DISPLAY

Reset Max/Min

Reset Energy

Communication

Protocol

Baud

Rate/Address

Display Scroll

On/Off

Lamp Test

*

*

U

U

R

R

X

X

S

S

V

V

Navigation Map of Display Features Mode

Use Up/Down arrows to scroll between groups.

EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL 6–21

USING THE EPM P40NPLUS LED EXTERNAL DISPLAY CHAPTER 6: USING THE EXTERNAL DISPLAYS

6–22 EPM 9450/9650 ADVANCED POWER QUALITY METERING SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL