The information in this service guide is intended for use by
individuals possessing adequate backgrounds of electrical,
electronic, and mechanical experience. Any attempt to repair a
major appliance may result in personal injury and property
damage. The manufacturer or seller cannot be responsible for the
interpretation of this information, nor can it assume any liability in
connection with its use.
WARNING
To avoid personal injury, disconnect power before servicing this
product. If electrical power is required for diagnosis or test
purposes, disconnect the power immediately after performing the
necessary checks.
RECONNECT ALL GROUNDING DEVICES
If grounding wires, screws, straps, clips, nuts, or washers used
to complete a path to ground are removed for service, they must
be returned to their original position and properly fastened.
GE Consumer Home Services Training
All rights reserved. This ser vice guide may not be reproduced in whole or in part
in any form without written permission from the General Electric Company.
The first two characters of the serial number
identify the month and year of manufacture.
Example:AZ123456S = January, 2000
Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Note: Model number and serial number
are located on rear of backsplash.
• The technical sheet is located under the
control panel.
GEA00518
A - JAN2005 - H
D - FEB2004 - G
F - MAR2003 - F
G - APR2002 - D
H - MAY2001 - A
L - JUN2000 - Z
M - JUL1999 - V
R - AUG1998 - T
S - SEP1997 - S
T - OCT1996 - R
V - NOV1995 - M
Z - DEC1994 - L
– 2 –
The letter designating the
year repeats every 12
years.
Example:
T - 1974
T - 1986
T - 1998
Page 5
Warranty Information
Sales slip or cancelled check is required as proof of original purchase date to
obtain service under warranty.
All warranty service is provided by our Factory Service Centers or an authorized Customer
®
Care
technician.
For The Period Of:
One Year
From the date of the
original purchase
Two Years
From the date of the
original purchase
Five Y ears
From the date of the
original purchase
Ten Years
From the date of the
original purchase
Lifetime
From the date of the
original purchase
GE Will Replace:
Any part
full one-year warranty
to replace the defective part.
Any part
additional one-year limited warranty
service costs.
The suspension rod and spring assembly and electronics,
fail due to a defect in materials or workmanship. GE will also replace the
cover,
limited warranty
The transmission and outer washer tub,
materials or workmanship. During this
responsible for any labor and in-home service costs.
The washer basket,
manship. During this
home service costs.
of the washer that fails due to a defect in materials or workmanship. During this
, GE will also provide,
of the washer that fails due to a defect in materials or workmanship. During this
if they should rust under operating conditions. During this
, you will be responsible for any labor and in-home ser vice costs.
if any of these parts should fail due to a defect in materials or work-
lifetime limited warranty
What GE Will Not Cover:
•Service trips to your home to teach you how to
use the product.
free of charge
, you will be responsible for any labor and in-home
if any of these parts should fail due to a defect in
additional nine-year limited warranty
, you will be responsible for any labor and in-
, all labor and in-home service
if any of these parts should
washer lid or
additional four-year
, you will be
•Replacement of house fuses or resetting of
circuit breakers.
•Improper installation.
•Failure of the product if it is abused, misused,
or used for other than the intended purpose or
used commercially .
•Damage to the product caused by accident, fire,
floods, or acts of God.
•Incidental or consequential damage to personal
property caused by possible defects with this
applicance.
Note: Some models may hav e an e xtended w arranty be y ond 5 y ears . Those models ha ve a special warranty sheet
enclosed when delivered to the customer . Unless that additional warranty sheet is attached, all other warranty
conditions shown abov e apply.
This warranty is extended to the original purchaser and any succeeding o wner for products purchased for home
use within the USA. In Alaska, the w arranty excludes the cost of shipping or service calls to your home.
Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages. This w arranty giv es
you specific legal rights, and you ma y also ha v e other rights which vary from state to state. To kno w what y our legal
rights are, consult your local or state consumer affairs office or your state’s Attorney General.
Warrantor: General Electric Company. Louisville, KY 40225
– 3 –
Page 6
Installation Highlights
Location
• Washer must be installed on firm flooring.
Concrete flooring is best, but wood base is
sufficient providing floor support meets FHA
standards.
• Washer should not be installed on rugs or
exposed to the weather.
• Install or store washer where it will not be
exposed to temperatures below freezing.
• Minimum clearances between washer and
adjacent walls or other surfaces are:
0 in. either side, 2 in. front, 3 in. rear.
• Minimum vertical space from floor to over-
head shelves, cabinets, ceilings, etc., is
96 in.
• Closet doors must be louvered or otherwise
ventilated and have at least 60 sq. in. open
area for washer only, or if the closet contains
both a washer and dryer, doors must contain
at least 120 sq. in. of open area equally
60 sq. in.
(387.1 sq. cm)
60 sq. in.
(387.1 sq. cm)
Closet door
GEA00046
distributed.
Note: The clear ances stated are minimums .
Consideration must be given to providing
adequate clearances for installation and
servicing.
Cable Tie
Cable Tie
Cable Tie
Plumbing
Laundry Tub
GEA00044
Stand Pipe
GEA00045
• Water pressure must be 10 psi minimum to 150 psi maximum dynamic pressure measured at faucet.
• Water temperature on household water heater should be set to deliver water at 120° to 150°F
(50° to 66°C) in the washer when HOT wash is selected.
• Shut-off valves should be supplied for both hot and cold water lines.
• Drain water into a standpipe or laundry tub. The discharge height must not be less than 30 in. nor
more than 8 ft above the base of the washer. The standpipe must be 1-1/2 in. minimum inside
diameter and must be open to the atmosphere.
• The commercial washer uses coin laundry hot and cold inlet hoses and wire wrapped drain hose,
and should only be replaced with commercial hoses. All other plumbing requirements are the same .
Electrical Wiring
• National Electrical Codes or prev ailing local
codes and ordinances must be followed.
• 120 V, 60 Hz must be supplied and connected
to an individual, properly grounded branch
circuit, protected by a 15- or 20-amp circuit
breaker or time delay fuse.
• Wir ing must be 2-wire with ground.
Electrical Rating
Voltage AC............................................................ 120
Total connected load amperage.......................... 10.0
For use on adequately wired 120-volt, 15-amp circuit having
2-wire service with a separate ground wire. This appliance
must be grounded for safe operation.
– 4 –
Page 7
Notes
– 5 –
Page 8
Operating Characteristics
Basic Washer Operation
The typical washer cycle progresses as
follows:
• Fill:timed, 40 minutes maximum
Agitation:12 minutes
•
• Pump Out:3 minutes
•
Spin:3 minutes
• Rinse Fill:timed, 40 minutes maximum
• Rinse:3 minutes
Pump Out:3 minutes
•
• Final Spin:6 minutes
Basic specifications for the motor, pump,
relays, and water valves are:
•
Motor: 1/2-hp, 10 A, 70 A in-rush,
120 V AC
• Pump: 3.2 A, 120 VAC
• Relays: 12 VDC
• Water Valves: 0.1 A each, 120 VAC
Lid Switch pauses all washer operations,
•
except water fill, when the lid is raised. The
lid switch cuts power to the DC relay coil for
the motor.
• Pressure Switch has two switches in one
housing. The first switch will open when
there is 6 in. of water in the basket. The
second switch will open when the water in
the tub has reached the maximum level.
The second pressure switch is in series
with the DC relay coils of both water valve
relays. The system for the pressure switch
reads OPEN with water in the tub. Mid level
fills are timed based on lowest level.
Washer Fill Mode
Fill mode activates the water valves according to the temperature selected. The cycle
advances to the next mode as soon as the
pressure switch opens. A fail-safe control
system prevents serious flooding due to a
failure in the pressure switch system. The fill
is timed, and the water valves de-energize
after 40 minutes if the pressure switch has
not been tripped. The cycle then stops. If this
fault is triggered, the display will show a 1,
the PerfecTemp LED will flash, and the
washer will be in the PAUSE mode.
If the user changes the water temperature
during fill, the change occurs immediately.
During the wash fill, one of four lights will be
on to indicate selection, and will progress as
the cycle advances.
Wash, Rinse, and 2nd Rinse
Agitate Modes
Wash, rinse, and 2nd rinse operate the
motor in agitate mode at the selected wash
speed. Relays switch speed, motor direction
for spin or agitate, and main power to the
motor. When speed is changed and the
motor is running, relays go through the turnoff sequence, and then turn ON at the newly
selected speed.
The WASH light remains ON during pump
and spin when the washer is in the rinse
cycle. The RINSE and 2ND RINSE lights are
on during fill, rinse, and pump, while the
washer is in the extra rinse cycle.
Drain Pump-Out Mode
The control board has circuitry that detects,
through the pump control relay, a measurement of electrical current to the pump motor.
That current describes the motor’s output
torque which can determine if the pump is
pumping water or pumping air.
After pumpdown, the control enters a clothes
care sequence. Basically, the pump stops
then starts for a few seconds. The unit then
begins a slow speed spin and changes to a
fast spin after a few seconds. See spin
speed flowchart on page 24.
– 6 –
Page 9
Unsuccessful samples of the electrical
current readings could be an indicator of a
pump motor that is blocked, or a standpipe
that is too high, and water in the tub.
Idle Mode
The idle mode has no LEDs or relays lit; the
control is waiting for the consumer to touch a
keypad or switch.
Other Functions
2nd Rinse
The extra rinse selection provides a complete
second rinse to the cycle. When selected,
the electronic control limits the first rinse spin
to 3 minutes. Therefore, the final spin of 6
minutes shall occur once per cycle, whether
or not extra rinse is selected. The 2nd Rinse
will not function in a Drain+Spin wash cycle.
Pause/Stop
Pause mode occurs when the consumer
presses the Start/Pause button during the
cycle. The lights that were lit, indicating the
current cycle, blink. If the Start button is not
pushed within 24 hours, the control initiates
the drain and final spin.
Power Outage
In the event of a power outage, and the
washer is not in idle, the cycle status and
modes are saved in EEPROM. When the
power resumes, the washer resumes where
it left off. (The Start button does not have to
be pressed.)
Automatic T emperature Control
The Automatic Temperature Control (ATC)
uses a mathematical system to control cold,
warm, and hot fills by turning the hot and
cold water valves on and off during the fill.
The formula limits the number of times the
valve is cycled to control noise and wear. To
prevent sudden water temperature changes
on consumer’s hands, the ATC does not
function when the lid is open.
Extended Spin
The length of the final spin is doubled when
extended spin is selected. The length of the
wash spin cycle is not affected.
Beeper
All models have a piezo beeper for a 0.5
second-on/0.5 second-off/five repetition endof-cycle signal. The push buttons have a 0.1
second beep for button actuation signal.
Start/Pause and Stop/Cancel push buttons
have a 0.1 second beep when actuated in
Field Service Mode.
EEPROM
The EEPROM has the capacity to store data
about the washer and its cycles. It contains
all model definition data, and is read only at
power-up. If all lights are flashing then the
model selector is not installed properly.
Commercial W asher
The commercial washer uses the keypad
model control design. It has fewer keypad
options and is designed for apartment or
commercial noncoin applications.
The ATC should maintain the water temperature in the tub within the ranges specified in
the following table:
erutarepmeT
sgnitteS
TOHF°8-/+521
MRAWF°7-/+59
DLOCF°7-/+07
hsaWpmeT
– 7 –
Page 10
– 8 –
Cycle Chart
Factory Presets Agitation time at fast spee
d
Spin Time
Features & Cycles
WPSE7003A WNCD2050A
Load
Soil Level LED (Time
in Minutes)Temp Speed Stain WashHeavyNormalLight
Wash Spray
Rinse
(seconds)
Rinse
Agitation
Time (incl.
ex. rinse)
Wash
Spin
Extra
Rinse
Spin
Final
Spin
Extended
Spin
Rinse Spray
Rinse
(seconds)
L3BL3 commercial
Model sel. Plug
711
Color
AA,WWWB
capacity
3.23.2
Levels
44
Temperatures
43 locked
Speed
43 locked
Soil Levels
4
w/stainwash
locked
White Hot
yesno
large
normal (6 normal,
3 gentle)h/cn/fNote 19n / 3s6n/3s3n/3s33388
18
Colors Warm
yesno
large
normal (6 normal,
3 gentle)w/cn/fNote 19n / 3s6n/3s3n/3s33388
18
Dark colors Warm
yesBright Colors
large
normal (6 normal,
3 gentle)c/cn/fNote 19n / 3s6n/3s3n/3s33388
18
Easy care Perm
Press
yesyes
medium normal (9 gentle) w/cs/fNote 13n/9s3n/6s3n/3s1833366
yesnoRinse: All rinses are 3 minutes with agitation speed same as wash.
Agitator
dualdualOptions: Factory reset for options will be "off" except for the beeper.
Bleach dispenser
yesyes
Fab dispenser
yesyesNotes: 1. Stainwash: 3 min. agitation, 12 min. soak, 1 min. agitation, 14 min. soak
Lid instructions
stain guidenew and then run the cycle selected at the heavy soil setting.
Sound Pack
hush +super2. Soak Cycle: 3 min. agitation and then soak up to a total filled time of 24 hours (drain & spin automatically).
End of cycle signal
yes, on/offno Interrupt soak using another cycle, such as drain and spin.
3. Presoak is selected with any other cycle, after the cycle is selected. Presoak 3 min. agitation, 12 min. soak, and cycle selected
Profile Perf commercial
h=hot
n=normal
s=slow
w=warm
LEGEND
g=gentle
f=fast
c=cold
Page 11
Electronic Controls
The L3 washer offers the convenience of starting your wash loads with easy one-touch cycles. One
simple selection automatically sets your Load Size, Soil Level, W ash/Rinse Temperature, and
Wash/Spin Speed. Then just press Start.
Model WPSE7003A0
Model WNCD2050
Description
A keypad electronic washer control has
been added to the model line to improve
ease of use and serviceability. The main
wash functions are still accomplished
through a two-speed motor, hot and cold
water valves, and a pump. The components are controlled by the electronic
control, the dual pressure switch, and the
keypad selector switches.
The L3 electronic control consists of a
printed circuit board, a transformer, and
housing.
GEA00539
Estimated Time Remaining
When a cycle is chosen, the Dual Seven
Segment Display (DSSD) displays the
estimated time to run that complete cycle,
including fill and pump-out times.
If a user presses a new option while a cycle
is running, the control instantly updates the
DSSD to show the new time remaining.
If the time remaining is greater than 59
minutes, the DSSD displays the number of
hours with an “H” next to it for 3 seconds,
followed by the number of minutes for 3
seconds. (Example: a 125-minute cycle will
display “2H” for 3 seconds and “05” for 3
seconds.) Estimated time will be adjusted for
each cycle by fill time.
– 9 –
Page 12
Field Service Mode
The Field Service Mode is entered by simultaneously pressing and holding the Whites/Hot and the Start/Pause buttons for 3
seconds. As soon as the test cycle is entered, the DSSD displays the letters Fd (Field
Service Diagnostics).
Error Code Table
edoCrorrE
1ErorrEMORPEE
2ErorrErotsimrehT
To index to the next position, press the
Colors/Warm push button. The following
table gives the functions for the subsequent
positions:
* * Indicates the model number.
# Indicates the number of the error code.
If there is more than one error, each error will
display for 2 seconds f ollo wed b y the ne xt error.
DSSD
tuptuO
noitcnuF
To determine if the lid switch is working,
select the Fd output on the DSSD . This
places the lid switch in the Cycle Status LED
circuit. Lifting the lid should turn off any
Cycle Status LEDs.
To clear all the error codes, press the Start/
Pause keypad while in the
Function
display.
Error Codes
The test mode allows the technician to
operate the washer in Dry agitate. If the
washer is placed in either agitate function
during field diagnostics and the Start/Pause
push button is pressed for 2 seconds, the Dry
agitate will become Wet agitate. The motor
stops and the cold water valve energizes until
the pressure switch is activated. To check the
pressure switch, the Load Size LEDs are
illuminated in sequential order from smallest
load size LED to the largest load size LED as
the tub reaches full. The washer then resumes agitation.
The Field Service Mode can be exited in
three ways:
1. Press the Stop/Cancel keypad.
2. Unplug the unit.
3. Control automatically exits test mode after
30 minutes.
– 10 –
Page 13
Field Service Mode Entrance/Exit
ToEnterFieldService
DiagnosticMode
Begin
Simultaneously
pressandholdthe
Start
and
Whites
buttonsfor3seconds.
Releasethe
and
Whites
FieldService
Start
buttons.
Mode
Pressthe
Stop
button.
ToExitFieldService
DiagnosticMode
FieldService
Mode
30-Min.
Timeout
fromStart
ofMode
Idle
Lossof
Powerto
Control
GEA00535
Diagnostics
The control diagnostics inform the technician
of the current status of the washer.
EEPROM Error (E1)
When the data is incorrectly stored, or won’t
write correctly from read-only memory to the
EEPROM, the E1 error flag is set.
Thermistor Error (E2)
The control checks the temperature sensor.
If the sensor is open or shorted, the control
completes the wash cycle and sets the E2
error flag.
Flood Condition Detected Error (E3)
A failed water valve can cause the washer to
flood. If the control detects a pressure
switch trip (from closed to open) in the idle
mode, the E3 diagnostic flag is set.
Slow Pump Error (E4)
If the pump-sensing circuit does not detect
that the water has been pumped from the
washer within 3 minutes, the E4 flag is set.
Fill Error (E5)
If the washer takes longer than 40 minutes to
fill, the control sets the E5 error flag.
Pump-Detection Circuit Error (E6)
If the pump-detection circuit indicates water
is not being pumped when the pump is
energized, and the pressure switch indicates
water is present in the tub, the E6 error flag is
set.
Push Button Error (E7)
If any push button is closed for 1 minute or
longer, the E7 error flag is set.
Pressure Switch Error (E8)
If the high level pressure switch opens before
low or if the high pressure switch closes
before low, the E8 error is shown.
If the high pressure switch does not reset (go
from open back to normally closed) during
the 20-second pumpout, an E8 code is
generated.
– 11 –
Page 14
Control Settings
O
NETOUCH
Quick Start Guide
• Add detergent
• Add diluted fabric
softener
• Add clothes
• Select wash cycle
• Check load size setting
• Close lid
• Push
START
Easy One-Touch Cycles
The L3 washer offers the convenience of starting your wash loads with easy one-touch cycles. Make
one simple selection, and your Load Size, Soil Level, Wash/Rinse Termperature, and Wash/Spin
Speed are automatically set. Then all you have to do is press Start.
Washer Control Panel
You can locate the model number behind the top edge of the control panel.
Model WPSE7003
Model WNCD2050
– 12 –
GEA00539
Page 15
One T ouch Selections
PRESS...AUTOMATICALLY SELECTS...THEN PRESS...
For heavy to lightly soiled cottons, household
linens, work and play clothes.
For heavy to lightly soiled cottons, household
linens, work and play clothes.
For non-colorfast cottons and blends, and items that
are labeled cold wash by the fabric manufacturer.
For knits, wrinkle-free and
permanent press items.
For lingerie and items labeled hand-washable
with light soils. Provides periods of agitation
and soak during wash and rinse.
For lightly soiled items that are needed in a
hurry. Cycle time is approximately 15 minutes,
depending on your household water pressure.
1
1
1
2
Changing the Automatic Settings
You can change any of the automatic settings simply by pressing the desired pads.
2
1
Agitate and spin speed will change during cycle
for better fabric care.
2
Spin speed will change during cycle for better
fabric care.
– 13 –
Page 16
PRESOAK
To presoak a load and go straight into a wash cycle:
Press the
PRESOAK
pad, select your wash cycle, then press the
START/PAUSE
pad.
■
Starts with three minutes of agitation, then 12 minutes of soaking, followed by the selected wash cycle.
■
Uses the speed and water temperature of your selected wash cycle.
To presoak a load for more than 12 minutes:
Press the
PRESOAK
pad. The washer will fill and these automatic settings are selected:
■
Three minutes of agitation is followed by up to 24 hours of soaking.
■
To soak less than 24 hours, press the
DRAIN &SPIN
pad or choose a wash cycle.
QUICKRINSE
Use this feature to quickly rinse chlorine, perspiration, stains, etc. out of clothes.
■
The washer fills with water, agitates for three minutes, drains and spins.
Automatic QUICK RINSE settings:
STAINWASH (on some models)
For heavily soiled or stained items. Adds an extra agitation and soak at the beginningof the wash cycle.
About Clothes Care Cycles
Stain Wash (on some models)
For heavily soiled or stained items. Adds an extra agitation and soak at the beginning of
the wash cycle.
Presoak
T o presoak a load and go straight into a wash cycle:
Select a wash cycle, press the Presoak pad, then press the Start/Pause pad.
• Starts with three minutes of agitation, then 12 minutes of soaking, followed by the
selected wash cycle.
• Uses the speed and water temperature of your selected wash cycle.
T o presoak a load for more than 12 min utes:
• Three minutes of agitation is f ollo wed b y up to 24 hours of soaking.
• To soak less than 24 hours, press the Drain & Spin pad or choose a wash cycle.
Quick Rinse
Use this feature to quickly rinse chlorine, perspiration, stains, etc. out of clothes.
• The washer fills with w ater, agitates for three minutes, drains and spins.
– 14 –
Page 17
CUSTOM1 and CUSTOM2 (on some models)
Set up your favorite combination of settings and save them here for one-touch recall.
These custom settings cannot be set while a cycle is in progress.
To store a custom combination of settings:
1.Select a
ONET
OUCH
setting.
2.Change
LOADSIZE, SOIL LEVEL, TEMPERATURE, orSPEED
to fit your needs.
3.Select any
OPTIONS
you want.
4. Press and hold the
CUSTOM1
or
CUSTOM2
pad until the washer beeps to store
your selection.
To recall your stored combination:
Press the
CUSTOM1
or
CUSTOM2
pad, then press
START/PAUSE
.
NOTE: DELAY 1-8 HRS.
cannot be used in
CUSTOM 1
and
CUSTOM 2
settings.
To reprogram the custom settings:
Repeat steps 1–4 above.
DRAIN&SPIN
DRAIN&SPIN
any cycle at any time.
Automatic DRAIN & SPIN setting:
Drain & Spin
Drain & Spin any cycle at any time.
Custom 1 and Custom 2 (on some models)
Set up your favorite combination of settings and save them here for one-touch
recall. These custom settings cannot be set while a cycle is in progress.
To store a custom combination of settings:
1. Select a One T ouch setting.
2. Change Load Size, Soil Level, T emperature, or Speed to fit your needs.
3. Select any Options you want.
4. Press and hold the Custom 1 or Custom 2 pad until the washer beeps to
store your selection.
To recall your stored combination:
Press the Custom 1 or Custom 2 pad, then press Start/Pause.
Note: Delay 1-8 hours cannot be used in Custom 1 and Custom 2 settings.
To reprogram the custom settings:
Repeat steps 1-4 above.
– 15 –
Page 18
About Control Features
START/PAUSE
■
After you have selected a new cycle, press once to start the cycle.
■
Press twice to select the last cycle used and start the washer.
■
If the washer is running, press once to interrupt the cycle; press again to continuethe cycle.
STOP/CANCEL
This pad should
not
be used to interrupt or pause a cycle.
Pressing this pad will cancel the current settings and the settings will be lost.
Estimated Time Remaining
■
Displays the approximate time remaining until the end of the cycle.
■
If the estimated time remaining is more than 60 minutes, “1H” will flash in thedisplay, followed by the additional remaining minutes. When the time remaining isless than 60 minutes, the timer will count down.
■
Cycle time is affected by how long it takes the washer to fill. This depends on thewater pressure in your home. The “smart” timer “learns” the amount of time it takes to fill your washer and adjusts the total time accordingly.
NOTE:
If
PRESOAK
is selected and a follow up wash cycle is not chosen, two dashes
will come up in the display.
Spot Spray
When you open the washer lid and press the
SPOT SPRAY
button, you will see a short stream
of cold water.
Open the washer lid.
Press the
SPOT SPRAY
button. (You will see a short stream of water.)
Dampen your soiled garment with the
SPOT SPRAY
option and rub your favorite
pretreatment product into soiled area.
NOTE:
The
SPOT SPRAY
option will not work if
■
the washer lid is down
■
the washer tub is filling
■
the water has already reached the level you selected.
3
2
1
Start/Pause
• After you have selected a new cycle, press once to start the cycle.
• Press twice to select the last cycle used and start the washer.
• If the washer is running, press once to interrupt the cycle; press again to
continue the cycle.
Stop/Cancel
This pad should not be used to interrupt or pause a cycle.
Pressing this pad will cancel the current settings and the settings will be lost.
Estimated Time Remaining
• Displays the approximate time remaining until the end of the cycle.
• If the estimated time remaining is more than 60 minutes, “1H” will flash in the
display, followed by the additional remaining minutes. When the time remain
ing is less than 60 minutes, the timer will count down.
• Cycle time is affected by how long it takes the washer to fill. This depends
on the water pressure in your home. The “smart” timer “learns” the amount of
time it takes to fill your washer and adjusts the total time accordingly.
Note: If Presoak is selected and a follow-up wash cycle is not chosen, two
dashes will come up in the display.
Spot Spray
When you open the washer lid and press the Spot Spray button, you will see
a short stream of cold water.
1. Open the washer lid.
2. Press the Spot Spray button. (You will see a short stream of water.)
3. Dampen your soiled garment with the Spot Spray option and rub your
favorite pretreatment product into soiled area.
Note: The Spot Spray option will not work if
• the washer lid is down
• the washer tub is filling
• the water has already reached the level you selected.
– 16 –
Page 19
About Cycle Options
BEEPER
Alerts you when the cycle is complete.
You can turn off the end-of-cycle beeper by pressing this pad.
2ND RINSE
Adds a second rinse to any cycle.
EXTEND SPIN
Extends the last spin of a wash cycle. This will extract more water from your clothes.Clothes will be drier when you use this option.
DELAY1-8 HOURS (on some models)
Use to delay the start of your washer for 1 to 8 hours. First choose your wash cycle andany options. Then press this pad for the number of hours you want to delay the cycle.Press the
START/PAUSE
pad to start the countdown.
The countdown time will be shown in the
Est. Time Remaining
display.
Auto Balance
The washer is sensing load distribution for an even spin.
These cycle status indicator lights display what part of the cycle the washer is in.
PerfecTemp
PerfecTemp
senses the incoming water temperature and adjusts the temperature of the
fill water.
The lid must be closed for
PerfecTemp
to work.
If your water is too cold, detergent will not dissolve effectively and clothes may not getclean. If the water is too hot, fabrics could be damaged.
PerfecTemp
adjusts these water temperature extremes for better washing performance.
You may hear the water valves turning off and on while the water temperature is beingadjusted. This is normal.
Beeper
Alerts you when the cycle is complete.
You can tur n off the end-of-cycle beeper by pressing this pad.
Second Rinse
Adds a second rinse to any cycle.
Extend Spin
Extends the last spin of a wash cycle. This will extract more water from your clothes.
Clothes will be drier when you use this option.
Delay 1-8 Hours (on some models)
Use to delay the start of your washer for 1 to 8 hours. First choose your wash cycle
and any options. Then press this pad for the n umber of hours you want to delay the
cycle.
Press the Start/Pause pad to start the countdown.
The countdown time will be shown in the Est. Time Remaining display.
About Cycle Status
PerfecTemp
PerfecTemp senses the incoming water temperature and adjusts the temperature to
the fill water.
The lid must be closed for PerfecTemp to work.
If your water is too cold, detergent will not dissolve effectively and clothes may not
get clean. If the water is too hot, fabrics could be damaged.
PerfecTemp adjusts these water temperature extremes for better washing performance.
You may hear the water valves turning off and on while the water temperature is
being adjusted. This is normal.
Auto Balance
The washer is sensing load distribution for an even spin.
– 17 –
Page 20
About Washer Features
The Agitator Cap or Fabric Softener Dispenser
The agitator cap
fits into the top of theagitator. If it accidentally comes off, simplyput it back on.
The fabric softener dispenser
automaticallyreleases liquid fabric softener at the propertime during the cycle.
Do not stop the washer during the first spin.This will cause the dispenser to empty toosoon.
To use, follow these steps:
Make sure dispenser is securelyattached to agitator.
Use only liquid fabric softener. Pour into dispenser, using amountrecommended on package.
Never pour fabric softener directly onclothes. It may stain them.
Add water to dispenser until it reachesthe maximum fill line.
3
2
1
Do not pour anything into the agitator if
the agitator cap or dispenser is removed.
Cleaning the Fabric Softener Dispenser
Remove the dispenser from the top of the agitator.
Separate the dispenser cup from the cover by grasping the top and pushing down onthe inside of the cup with your fingers. Dispenser cup will pop free from the cover.
To clean the dispenser, soak both the dispenser cup and the dispenser cover in thefollowing solution:
■
1 US gallon (3.8 liters) warm water
■
1/4 cup (60 ml) heavy duty liquid detergent
■
1 cup (240 ml) bleach
If necessary, loosen build-up with a clean, soft cloth after soaking. Do not use a stiffbrush; you may roughen the surface of the dispenser.
Rinse and reassemble dispenser. Place dispenser back on the agitator.
5
4
3
2
1
Separate for cleaning.
Liquid Bleach Dispenser
The dispenser dilutes liquid chlorine bleach before it reaches into your wash load.
Check clothing care labels for special instructions.
Measure liquid bleach carefully, following instructions on the bottle.
■
Never pour undiluted liquid chlorine bleach directly onto clothes or into the wash basket.
■
Do not pour powdered bleach into bleach dispenser.
Before starting the washer, pour measured amount of bleach directly into bleachdispenser. Avoid splashing or over-filling dispenser. If you prefer to use powderedbleach, add it into the wash basket with your detergent.
■
Do not mix chlorine bleach with ammonia or acids such as vinegar and/or rust remover. Mixing canproduce a toxic gas which may cause death.
3
2
1
Liquid Bleach Dispenser
The dispenser dilutes liquid chlorine bleach before it reaches into your wash
load.
1. Check clothing care labels for special instructions.
2. Measure liquid b leach carefully, following instructions on the bottle.
• Never pour undiluted liquid chlorine bleach directly onto clothes or into
the wash basket.
• Do not pour powdered bleach into bleach dispenser.
3. Before starting the washer, pour measured amount of bleach directly into
bleach dispenser. Avoid splashing or over-filling dispenser. If you prefer to
use powdered bleach, add it into the wash basket with your detergent.
• Do not mix chlorine bleach with ammonia or acids such as vinegar and/
or rust remover. Mixing can produce a toxic gas which may cause death.
The Agitator Cap or Fabric Softener Dispenser
The agitator cap fits into the top of the agitator.
If it accidentally comes off, simply put it back on.
The fabric softener dispenser automati-
cally releases liquid fabric softener at the
proper time during the cycle.
Do not stop the washer during the first
spin. This will cause the dispenser to
empty too soon.
To use, follow these steps:
1. Make sure dispenser is securely
attached to agitator.
2. Use only liquid fabric softener. Pour into
dispenser, using amount recommended
on package.
Never pour fabric softener directly on
clothes. It may stain them.
3. Add water to dispenser until it reaches
the maximum fill line.
Cleaning the Fabric Softener Dispenser
1. Remo v e the dispenser from the top of the agitator.
2. Separate the dispenser cup from the cover by grasping the top and
pushing down on the inside of the cup with your fingers. Dispenser cup
will pop free from the cover.
3. To clean the dispenser, soak both the dispenser cup and the dispenser
cover in the following solution:
4. If necessary, loosen build-up with a clean, soft cloth after soaking. Do not
use a stiff brush; you may roughen the surface of the dispenser.
5. Rinse and reassemble dispenser. Place dispenser back on the agitator.
• 1 US gallon (3.8 liters) warm water
• 1/4 cup (60 ml) heavy duty liquid detergent
• 1 cup (240 ml) beach
– 18 –
Page 21
Removal and Replacement
Remove Harness
Connections
Model
Selector
Harness
Remove Harness
Connections
Screws
Electronic
Control Board
GEA00373
Remove Electronic Control Board
1. Remove 4 screws from the top of the
backsplash and rotate the top forward.
2. Remove 4 harness connections. Remove and
retain the model selector harness plug for
reassembly.
3. Remove 2 screws (1/4-in.) from the control
board.
Caution: To prevent electrostatic discharge,
ground yourself to the washer cabinet or use an
ESD wristband.
4. Remove the electronic control board.
Note: When reassemb ling, align the LEDs with
the appropriate control panel indicators.
5. Reverse the above procedure to reinstall.
Remove 4 Screws
GEA00371
– 19 –
Page 22
Schematics and Strip Circuits
WARNING
POWER MUST BE DISCONNECTED BEFORE SERVICING THE APPLIANCE.
RED W/WHITE (L1)
12311 3 56 89 1112
YELLOW W/RED
ORANGE
DARK BLUE
WHITEWHITE W/RED (N)
YELLOW
YELLOW
BLACK
WHITE
Note: The numbers in the drawing of the PCB above correspond to the numbers on the schematic of the PCB below.
PURPLE W/WHITE
DARK BLUE
121110987654321
6
5YELLOW
4RED
3WHITE
TAN
2
1RED W/WHITE
BLACK
PURPLE
WHITE
DARK BLUE
PURPLE
BLACK
ORANGE
YELLOW W/RED
1
2
3
4
5
6
TAN
WATER
TEMP
SENSOR
BLACK
32
CONTROL CIRCUIT BOARD
WHITE
1
WHITE
YELLOW
SELECTOR
HARNESS
PLUG
DARK BLUE
RED
PURPLE W/WHITE
GEA00524
SPOT
SOAK
YELLOW
YELLOW
2
1
M2
M1
O.L.
M3
HIGH
LOW
MOTOR
START
M7
M6
M5
WHITE
W/RED
COLD
RED W/BLACK
L1N
HOT
16
WHITE W/RED
12
PUMP
M
– 20 –
L
WATER
SWITCH
LID
SWITCH
CH
11
LEVEL
GEA00525
Page 23
GEA00531
3
2
1
BLACK
WHITE
WATER
TEMP
SENSOR
Strip Circuits
GEA00527
M
PUMP
RED W/BLACK
9
BLACK
1
RED W/WHITE
L1
Lid Switch
YELLOW W/RED
LID
SWITCH
Water Level Switch
1612
HL
WATER
LEVEL
SWITCH
C
11
Orange to White 12 VDC
Orange to Dark Blue 12 VDC
ORANGE
DARK BLUE
GEA00529
WHITE
ORANGE
3
CN 2
1
GEA00530
6
5
3
Main Power and Drain Pump Motor
CN 1
CN 2
Water Temp Sensor
CN 2
Spot Soak
2
YELLOW
1
Motor
YELLOW
M1
M2
O.L.
SPOT
SOAK
GEA00532
MOTOR
M3
HIGH
LOW
START
M7
M6
M5
Water Valves
WHITE W/RED
N
HOT
WHITE W/RED
COLD
TAN
PURPLE
6PURPLE W/WHITE
5YELLOW
4RED
3WHITE
2DARK BLUE
1RED W/WHITE
12
11
CN 2
8
GEA00528
CN 1
WHITE
W/RED
L1N
GEA00526
– 21 –
Page 24
Troubleshooting Flowchar ts
Component Operation T r oub leshooting
Initiatefieldservicemodeby
pressingandholding
and
Whites
DSSDoutputdisplaysFd.
Press
DSSDoutputdisplaysH.Hot
watervalveisactivated.
buttons.
Colors
3times.
Start
button
Press
DSSDoutputdisplaysC.Cold
watervalveisactivated.
Press
DSSDoutputdisplaysAL.
Slowagitate(dry)isactivated.
Press
DSSDoutputdisplaysAH.
Fastagitate(dry)isactivated.
Press
Colors
Colors
Colors
Colors
button.
button.
button.
button.
Press
Press
Start
for2seconds.
Start
for2seconds.
button
button
Slowagitate
(wet).
Fastagitate
(wet).
DSSDoutputdisplaysP.
Pumpisactivated.
Press
Colors
buttonto
returntoFd.
Press
DSSDoutputdisplaysSP.
Spinisactivated.
Colors
button.
– 22 –
Press
Stop
button.
Exitfield
servicemode.
GEA00536
Page 25
Error Code Tr oubleshooting
Washer
Propervoltageto
Washer.
Yes
Initiatefieldservice
modebypressing
andholding
and
buttons.
Start
Whites
No
Test
Mode.
Housefuse,breaker,orwalloutletproblem.
DSSDoutput
displaysFd.
Liftlid,
Status
OFF(confirmslid
switchoperation).
Press
button-DSSD
outputindicates
modelcode.
Cycle
,LEDswillgo
Yes
Colors
No
Note: If control is operating, it
is likely that the control is not
faulty. Record all the error
codes and recheck error
message at the component
level. Record errors on the
call sheet.
Checklidswitchandcontact
-Replaceiffaulty.
EEPROMfaulty-ReplacePCboard.
E1
Thermistorfaultyordisconnected(if
E2
present)-Checkresistance(50k
ohms)-Replaceiffaulty.
Flood-Checkwatervalves,pressure
E3
E4
E5
E6
E7
E8
switch-Replaceiffaulty.
Slowpump-Checkpump,standpipe
height,anddrain-Lookforpump
obstructions-Replacepumpiffaulty.
NoFill-Checkwaterison,checkwater
valves,pressureswitch-Replaceiffaulty.
NoPump-Checkforpump
obstructions,operation-Replace
pumpiffaulty.
Stuckpushbutton-ReplacePCboard.
Pressureswitchfaultyor
disconnected-Replaceiffaulty.
GEA00537
Press
Stop
toexit
fieldservicemode.
Checkerrorcodes.
Press
Colors
button-DSSD
outputdisplays
errorcodesforexistingerrors.
Press
Colors
buttontoproceed
toComponent
Operation
Troubleshooting.
*If high level pressure switch is open before low, or if high pressure closes before low, the E8 error
code is displayed. If during the 20-second pump out, the high pressure switch does not reset (open
to normally closed), E8 is generated.
– 23 –
Page 26
Spin Speed Troub leshooting
Note: Rather than just spinning up right away, the control enters this sequence after pumpdown to
reduce suds lock. The pump stops, then starts for a few seconds, then it begins to spin up.
– 24 –
Page 27
No Fill Troub leshooting
No Fill
Turn ON hot
and cold water.
Check for clogged
screens and replace.
No
turned ON?
Yes
Is machine timed out?
("1" displays, PerfecTemp
+ PAUSE lights flash)
No
Is water
Yes
Are screens
clogged?
No
Kinked
water hose?
Yes
Yes
(With extremely low
Straighten
or replace.
Press START.
pressure, press
START again.)
GEA00590
Washer Starts Automatically Troubleshooting
Machine timed out
after 24 hours?
Yes
LID UP
Will drain only
(normal).
– 25 –
Washer starts automatically.
Yes
LID DOWN
Will drain and spin
automatically (normal).
GEA00588
Page 28
Washer Pauses During Agitation Troubleshooting
Washer pauses
during agitation.
Adds extra
agitation and soak
to wash level.
Washer will adjust
water level
Yes
Yes
Is Stain Wash
option chosen?
Is Super Load size
option chosen?
during agitation.
It has a short
soak period.
Yes
option selected?
Washer W on’t Operate Troub leshooting
No
No
Is Hand Wash
Straighten
or replace.
It gives 3 minutes
of agitation,
12 minutes of soak,
then cycle selected.
Yes
No
Yes
Is Presoak
option selected?
Kinked
water hose?
No
GEA00587
Press START.
Replace fuses or
reset breakers.
Washer won't operate
No
Has START
been pressed?
Yes
House fuses and
No
breakers okay?
(Separate circuit required.)
Set controls
properly.
Plug in washer and turn
water ON. Press START.
(With extremely low water pressure,
press START again.)
Yes
No
Unplug washer,
wait 2 minutes, plug in,
and press START.
Yes
Electronics need
to be reset?
No
No
Are controls set
properly?
Yes
Is washer plugged in
to power and water
supply turned ON?
GEA00589
– 26 –
Page 29
PERFECTEMPPossible CausesWhat To Do
PerfecTemp wash
The washer is in a cold rinse cycle • This is normal. The
PerfecTemp
feature is designed not
temperature is incorrect
to activate during a cold rinse cycle so that the coldest
water available is used.
(Review PerfecTemp
All the water in the water heater• Wait until the water in the water heater is heated to the
in the About washer
has been usedcorrect temperature.
features section)
PERFORMANCEPossible CausesWhat To Do
Clothes too wet
Incorrect spin speed • Make sure the spin cycle selected matches the load you
selectedare washing. Some fabrics will feel wetter when rinsed
with cold water.
Colored spots
Incorrect use of fabric• Check fabric softener package for instructions and follow
softenerdirections for using dispenser.
• Pretreat stain and rewash.
Dye transfer• Sort whites or lightly colored items from dark colors.
Grayed or yellowed
Not enough detergent• Use more detergent (especially with larger loads)
Be sure to follow detergent manufacturer’s directions.
Hard water• Use a water conditioner like Calgon brand or install
a water softener.
Water is not hot enough• Make sure water heater is delivering water at
120°F.–140°F. (48°C.–60°C.).
Washer is overloaded• Select load size to match clothes load.
Detergent is not• Add detergent as wash basket fills with water before
dissolvingyou load clothes.
Dye transfer• Sort clothes by color. If fabric label states
wash separately,
unstable dyes may be indicated.
Lint or residue on
Clothes are air or line dried• If you do not dry your clothes with a clothes dryer, your
clothes
clothes may retain more lint.
Incorrect sorting• Separate lint producers from lint collectors.
Washing too long• Wash small loads for a shorter time than larger loads.
Detergent not dissolving• Add detergent as wash basket fills with water, before you
load clothes.
• Try a liquid detergent.
• Use warmer water temperature.
Overloading• Load clothes no higher than the top row of holes in the
washer tub.
• Make sure load size selected matches clothes load size.
Incorrect use of fabric softener• Check fabric softener package for instructions and follow
directions for using dispenser.
clothes
Troubleshooting Guide
– 27 –
Page 30
Troubleshooting
PERFORMANCE (cont.) Possible CausesWhat To Do
Pilling
Result of normal wear on• While this is not caused by the washer, you can slow the
poly-cotton blends andpilling process by washing garments inside out.
fuzzy fabrics
Snags, holes, tears, rips
Pins, snaps, hooks, sharp• Fasten snaps, hooks, buttons, and zippers.
or excessive wear
buttons, belt buckles,
• Remove loose items like pins, objects in pockets
zippers, and sharp objects
and sharp buttons.
left in pockets
• Turn knits (which snag easily) inside out.
Undiluted chlorine bleach• Check bleach package instructions for proper amount.
• Never add undiluted bleach to wash or allow clothes
to come in contact with undiluted bleach.
Chemicals like hair bleach• Rinse items that may have chemicals on them before
or dye, permanent wavewashing.
solution
Wrinkling
Improper sorting• Avoid mixing heavy items (like work clothes) with
light items (like blouses).
• Try a fabric softener.
Overloading or• Load your washer so clothes have enough room
incorrect water levelto move freely.
Incorrect wash and• Match Cycle selection to the type of fabric you are
dry cycleswashing (especially for easy care loads).
Repeated washing in• Wash in warm or cold water.
water that is too hot
OPERATION Possible CausesWhat To Do
Washer pauses in cycle
The
HAND WASH
cycle was chosen • This is normal. The
HAND WASH
cycle has a short soak
period.
Washer won’t operate
Washer is unplugged• Make sure cord is plugged securely into a working outlet.
Water supply is turned off• Turn both hot and cold faucets fully on.
Controls are not set properly• Check controls.
Lid is open• Close lid.
Circuit breaker/fuse is• Check house circuit breakers/fuses. Replace fuses or
tripped/blownreset breaker. Washer should have separate outlet.
Electronics need to be reset• Unplug washer, wait 2 minutes, plug back in, and press
START.
START was not pressed• Press START.
Extremely low water pressure• Press START again.
– 28 –
Page 31
Troubleshooting
WATER Possible CausesWhat To Do
Too many suds
Type of detergent• Switch to a lower sudsing detergent brand and follow
instructions on package.
Very soft water• Try less detergent.
Too much detergent• Measure your detergent carefully. Use less soap if you
have soft water, a smaller load, or a lightly soiled load.
Water leaks
Fill hoses or drain hose is• Make sure hose connections are tight at faucets
improperly connectedand at washer.
• Make sure end of drain hose is properly connected
to washer and correctly inserted in and secured to
drain facility.
Household drain may• Check household plumbing. You may need to call a
be cloggedplumber.
Constant water pressure• Tighten hoses at the faucets and turn the water off after
to the fill hoses at theeach use.
water source
• Check condition of the fill hoses; they may need
replacement after 5 years.
Using too much detergent • Use less detergent. Use less soap if you have soft water, a
in washersmaller load, or a lightly soiled load.
Water temperature
Control is not set properly• Check water temperature control and adjust.
is incorrect
Water supply is turned off• Turn both hot and cold faucets fully on and make sure
or improperly connectedhoses are connected to correct faucets.
Water valve screens are•
Turn off the water source and remove the water connection
stopped up
hoses from the upper back of the washer. Use a brush or
toothpick to clean the screens in the machine. Reconnect
the hoses and turn the water back on.
House water heater is• Make sure house water heater is delivering water
not set properly at 120°F.–140°F.(48°C.–60°C.).
PerfecTemp
feature was• The lid must be closed for
PerfecTemp
to work.
not activated
Water pumped out
Lid lifted or cycle was put in • Reset cycle.
before cycle is
pause for over 24 hours
complete
Water won’t drain
Drain hose is kinked or • Straighten drain hose and make sure washer is not sitting
improperly connectedon it.
• Top of drain outlet should be less than 8 ft (2.5 m)
above floor.
Water spraying during
Washer in spin cycle• Spray rinse during a spin cycle is normal.
spin cycle
Washer did not fill to
Extremely low water pressure • Press the START button again.
Inlet hoses are kinked• Straighten hoses.
Water valve screens are•
Turn off the water source and remove the water connection
stopped up
hoses from the upper back of the washer. Use a brush or
toothpick to clean the screens in the machine. Reconnect
the hoses and turn the water back on.
Water fills and drains
Drain stand pipe is too low• Drain stand pipe must be above 30s.
at the same time
chosen level
(PerfecTemp and
START/PAUSE lights
are flashing)
15
– 29 –
Page 32
Troubleshooting
OTHERPossible CausesWhat To Do
Labels on the exterior
Occasionally the adhesive• Use a hair dryer set at the lowest heat setting, directing
of the washer will not
used on the labels does the air at the label for a short amount of time. This will
peel off cleanly
not release cleanlyrelease the adhesive easily, without damaging the surface
of the washer.
NOISEPossible CausesWhat To Do
Washer is noisy
Washer is uneven• To level the front of the washer, adjust the front leveling
legs by rotating the individual leg in the proper direction
for up or down. To level back of washer, lift back of
machine 4s (11 cm) and set down.
Washer load is• Press PAUSE to stop the washer, open the lid and
unbalancedredistribute the load evenly. Close the lid and press
START.
Shipping rod is still assembled • To remove shipping rod from washer, pull yellow tag and
in unitattached rod from the bottom right hand side of washer.
Washer is sitting too close • Pull washer away from the wall; about 4s (11 cm)
to wall (causes knocking is needed.
during cycle)
PerfecTemp
feature• This is normal.
PerfecTemp
turns water valves off and on
is being used to adjust water temperature.
– 30 –
Page 33
Illustrated Parts Breakdown
Parts List
Exploded parts views and list
for Model WPSE7003A0. Refer
to microfiche for specific model
information.
– 31 –
Page 34
818
790
825
Exploded parts views and list for Model WPSE7003A0.
Refer to microfiche for specific model information.
– 32 –
Page 35
Parts List
Exploded parts views and list for Model WPSE7003A0.
Refer to microfiche for specific model information.
– 33 –
Page 36
Exploded parts views and list for Model WPSE7003A0.
Refer to microfiche for specific model information.
– 34 –
Page 37
Parts List
Exploded parts views and list for Model WPSE7003A0.
Refer to microfiche for specific model information.
– 35 –
Page 38
Parts List
Exploded parts views and list
for Model WPSE7003A0. Refer
to microfiche for specific model
information.
– 36 –
Page 39
Quiz
1. How do you get into the Field Service Mode for
the Wizard
TM
Washer?
a) Press & hold “Start/Pause” button for 3
seconds
b) Press & hold “Quick Rinse/Drain & Spin”
button for 3 seconds
c) Press & hold “Whites” & “Start/Pause”
buttons together for 3 seconds
d) Press & hold “Colors” & “Start/Pause”
buttons together for 3 seconds
e) None of the above
2. What does an Error Code of “E5” mean?
a) No fill detection
b) Pump current detection failure
c) Key error
d) Slow pump error
e) Fill error
5. The WizardTM Washer control checks the
thermistor during operation. If the sensor is
shorted or open, the control will complete the
cycle and sets an “E2” code. T or F
6. The “Extended Spin” button will allow the
customer to extend all the spins in that cycle.
T or F
7. The ATC sensor will measure 50K ohms at
room temperature. T or F
8. The water pressure switch has 4 settings:
super, high, medium, and low. T or F
9. Voltage can be measured for the drain pump at
which connections on the control board?
3. What function does Step 4 in the Field Service
Mode indicate?
a) LED check
b) Model code
c) Error code
d) Hot water valve active
e) Cold water valve active
4. How do you exit the Field Service Mode?
a) Press the “Stop” button
b) Remove AC power from Washer
c) Wait for 30 minute timeout
d) All of the above
e) None of the above