Figure 33: Unicast and Broadcast communication 71
Figure 34: Multicast communication 72
Figure 35: IGMP protocol mechanism 73
Figure 36: IGMP Snooping at a given LAN 74
Figure 37: Ethernet frame 76
Figure 38: Address a table at a given Switch 77
Figure 39: Forwarding traffic in an Ethernet switch 77
Figure 40: LAN access restriction with MAC address configuration 78
Figure 41: Different LAN from different departments 79
Figure 42: addition of new hosts to the legacy VALN-unaware equipment 80
Figure 43: Physical topology of the addition of new hosts with VLAN-aware equipment
81
Figure 44: Logical topology of the addition of new hosts with VLAN-aware equipment
81
Figure 45: 802.1Q Ethernet frame 82
Figure 46: Typical topology in power system communication environment 84
Figure 47: Logical topology of typical power system communication environment 84
Figure 48: Traffic flow inside an 802.1Q switch 85
Figure 49: Traffic in an oversized 90
Figure 50: Traffic of incoming data higher than the port at the switch can process 90
Figure 51: Network with prioritization of traffic 91
Figure 52: CoS bits inside and 802.1Q frame 92
Figure 53: Traffic type acronyms, show in section l.4 on the IEEE 802.1Q 92
Figure 54: CoS classification as shown in IEC 61850-90-4 Technical Report, section
D.2.6 93
Figure 55: IP Header frame and Differentiated Service Code Point explained 94
Figure 56: Mapping of applications for service levels, shown in section D.2.7 of the IEC
61850-90-4 Technical Report 94
Figure 57: List of DSCP code point field values, shown in section D.2.9 of the IEC 61850-
90-4 Technical Report 95
Figure 58: Example of DSCP to CoS mapping, shown in section D.2.9 of the IEC61850-
90-4 Technical Report 95
Figure 59: CoS queues and remarking functions 97
Figure 60: DSCP queues and translation functions 98
Figure 61: Port Mirroring Being Executed by a Switch 101
Figure 62: Port Mirroring in One Switch 102