GE Senographe SecondLook Operator's Manual

GE Healthcare
Senographe SecondLook Digital CAD System
Operator Manual
SLDU
CAD overlay
Raw and/or processed images
5189820-5-C-1EN Revision 1
Copyright© 2009 by General Electric Company Inc.
GE Healthcare Senographe SecondLook Digital CAD System
Revision 1 Operator Manual 5189820-5-C-1EN
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GE Healthcare Senographe SecondLook Digital CAD System
Revision 1 Operator Manual 5189820-5-C-1EN

Regulatory requirements

Regulatory requirements
This product complies with the regulatory requirements of the following:
Council Directive 93/42/EEC concerning medical devices: the label affixed to the product testifies compliance to the Directive. For a system, the location of the CE marking label is described in the system manual.
iCAD European registered place of business: Medical Device Safety Service GmbH Attn: Ludger Moeller Schiffgraben 41 30175 Hannover Germany Phone: +49 511 62628630 Fax: +49 511 62628633
Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. (UL), an independent testing laboratory.
Canadian Standards Association (CSA).
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), international standards organization, when applicable.
Compliance with these standards is evidenced by the presence of the appropriate labels on the exterior of the computer unit cabinet.
USA/HHS:
CAUTION
United States Federal law restricts this device to use by or on the order of a physician.
The original document was written in English.
Image annotations
Note:
Since the equipment allows the physician to store information on the patient with the function IMAGE ANNOTATIONS, the European Directive regarding "the protection of the people with regard of data management on their private life and to the free circulation of these data" requests the computerized file users (radiologists, physicians) not to store data related to their:
-race,
- philosophical opinions,
- religious opinions,
- political opinions,
-etc.
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Regulatory requirements
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
This equipment complies with :
FCC/ICES-003
CISPR 22
EN55022, EN55024
EN61000-3-2, EN610003-3
VCCI
AS/NZS 3548
BSMI CNS13438
GOST R 29216-91, GOST R 50628-95
Belarus License
Ukraine License
RRL MIC Notice No. 1997-41 (EMC) & 1997-42 (EMI)
GB 9254, GB 17625 - CNCA Certification This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy. The equipment may
cause radio frequency interference to other medical and non-medical devices and radio communications. To provide reasonable protection against such interference, this product complies with radiated emissions as per CISPR22 , Class A standard limits.
Detailed requirements and recommendations about power supply distribution and installation are listed in the Pre-Installation Manual (pim) shipped with your system. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
If this equipment is found to cause interference (which may be determined by turning the equipment on and off), the user (or qualified service personnel) should attempt to correct the problem by one or more of the following measure(s):
- reorient or relocate the affected device(s)
- increase the separation between the equipment and the affected device
- power the equipment from a source different from that of the affected device
- consult the point of purchase or service representative for further suggestions The manufacturer is not responsible for any interference caused by using other than
recommended interconnect cables or by unauthorized changes or modifications to this equipment. Unauthorized changes or modifications could void the users' authority to operate the equipment.
All interconnect cables to peripheral devices must be shielded and properly grounded. Use of cables not properly shielded and grounded may result in the equipment causing radio frequency interference.
Do not use devices which intentionally transmit RF Signals (Cellular Phones, Transceivers, or Radio Controlled Products) in the vicinity of this equipment as it may cause performance outside the published specifications. Recommended separation distances are detailed in the Pre­Installation Manual (pim) shipped with your system. Keep the power to this type of devices turned off when near this equipment.
The medical staff in charge of this equipment is required to instruct technicians, patients, and other people who may be around this equipment to comply fully with the above requirement.
Further data and recommendations for meeting Electromagnetic Compatibility requirements for a typical installation are given in the Pre-Installation Manual (pim) shipped with your system. Note that the magnetic field of an MRI device located nearby may cause a risk of interference.
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Regulatory requirements
Magnetic field amplitude limits are specified in the Pre-Installation Manual (pim) shipped with your system.
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Regulatory requirements
Recycling
- Machines or accessories at end-of-life:
The elimination of machines and accessories must be in accordance with national regulations for waste processing.
All materials and components that could pose a risk to the environment must be removed from the end-of-life machines and accessories (examples: dry and wet cell batteries, transformer oil, etc.).
Please consult your local General Electric Medical Systems representative before discarding these products.
- Packing materials:
The materials used to pack our equipment are recyclable. They must be collected and processed in accordance with the regulations in force for the country where the machines or accessories are unpacked.
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Table of Contents

Table of Contents
Regulatory requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Table of Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1. Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1-1. The Aim of This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1-2. Associated Operator Manuals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1-3. Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2. CAD in mammography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2-1. What CAD can do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2-2. What CAD cannot do. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3. CAD Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4. Using CAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4-1. How do I know if CAD is available on this system?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4-2. CAD On Demand/CAD Auto Push . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4-3. Which images can be CAD-analyzed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4-4. Which image formats can be displayed with CAD markers?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4-5. Using CAD on demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4-6. Selecting images for CAD analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4-7. How do I know if an image has been CAD-analyzed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4-8. How do I Show/Hide CAD overlays?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4-9. How are CAD overlays Displayed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4-9-1. Image successfully analyzed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4-9-2. CAD: Result not available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4-9-3. CAD: This image can not be processed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4-10. Printing CAD results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4-11. Transferring the CAD overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4-12. Storing the CAD overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4-13. Access to historic CAD information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5. Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5-1. Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5-2. Equipment Labels and Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5-2-1. Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5-2-2. APC UPS labels (rear panel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5-2-3. SLDU labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6. Radiologist Training and SLD CAD Algorithm Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6-1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6-2. Second Look Digital in Breast Cancer Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6-2-1. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6-2-2. Description of Second Look Digital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6-3. Second Look Digital Device Labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6-3-1. Brief Device Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6-3-2. Indications for Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6-3-3. Contraindications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6-3-4. Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
6-3-5. Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
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6-3-6. Adverse Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6-3-7. Clinical Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6-3-8. Principles of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
6-3-9. Conformance to Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
6-3-10. How Supplied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
6-4. Radiologist Use of Second Look Digital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
6-4-1. Radiologist Review Prior to Viewing CAD Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
6-4-2. Radiologist Review with CAD Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
6-5. Radiologist Training with Sample Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
6-5-1. Training Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
6-5-2. Sample Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
6-6. Summary of Radiologist Use of Second Look Digital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
7. Actions to be taken in case of loss of power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
7-1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
7-2. Loss of Mains power - On battery alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
7-3. Low battery alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
7-4. UPS warnings and front panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
8. Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
8-1. Planned maintenance performed by the Radiologic Technologist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
8-2. Planned maintenance performed by the Field Service Engineer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
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GE Healthcare Senographe SecondLook Digital CAD System
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1 Foreword

1-1 The Aim of This Manual

This manual is provided for operators using Senographe Acquisition Full Field Digital Mammography (FFDM) systems equipped with the SecondLook Digital (SLD) Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) system option.
It describes the flow of images and explains how to use the CAD options on the Acquisition Workstation (AWS) and GE Healthcare the review workstations (RWS or Seno Advantage). It also provides guidelines for the use of CAD in different situations, and information on problem solving.
This manual provides training information for radiologists, including descriptions of the SLD CAD algorithms.
This manual does not contain information on CAD installation or configuration. Please refer to the appropriate service manuals for information on these subjects.
This manual assumes that the reader is familiar with the Senographe Acquisition Workstation and the GE Healthcare review workstations to be used.

1-2 Associated Operator Manuals

Senographe Essential Acquisition System Operator Manual, 5307915-3-8991EN_r1 - Sirius M48 Technical Release.
Senographe DS Acquisition System Operator Manual, 5307907-3-S-1EN_r1 - Nephtys M413 Technical Release.
Senographe review workstation RWS Operator Manual, 2370487–100
Senographe review workstation Seno Advantage Operator Manual, 5182593-4-S-1EN
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1-3 Glossary

Terms used in this document:
Term Definition
AWS Acquisition workstation
RWS Senographe RWS review workstation
Seno Advantage Seno Advantage review workstation
CAD Computer-Aided Detection
SLD SecondLook Digital
SLDU SecondLook Digital Unit
CAD system A product composed of the SLDU and optional features on the AWS and the review
workstation
RAW FOR
PROCESSING
PROCESSED FOR
PRESENTATION
SCPT Secondary Capture Image
ROI Region(s) of Interest; questionable area of image (containing possible abnormalities
RTSS RadioTherapy Structure Set (DICOM object type)
CAD-analyzed image An image that has been successfully processed by the SLDU
CAD overlay Results produced by the SLDU and delivered to the review workstation. An overlay
CAD Marker A symbol (ellipse or rectangle) used in a CAD overlay to identify a region of interest.
CAD Label Information on a CAD overlay indicating the image status
CAD Identifier The part of a CAD label which indicates the CAD software version
Raw (original image produced by Image Detection Controller (IDC)
Processed (image processed by AWS computer)
which may require investigation)
consists of a
CAD label
(always) and
CAD markers
(as required).
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2 CAD in mammography

2-1 What CAD can do

Detecting and diagnosing breast cancer is a complex clinical problem. The combination of viewing a large number of cases (99.5% of which are expected to be non-cancerous in a screening population), radiologist fatigue (and the resulting observational oversights), the complex image structure of the breast on a mammogram, and the subtle nature of certain observational characteristics of the disease, may result in false negative mammographic readings.
The SecondLook Digital Computer-Aided Detection system developed for use with GE’s Full Field Digital Mammography system is designed to minimize observational oversights made by the radiologist.
Intended to be an aid for a radiologist reading routine screening and diagnostic mammograms, SecondLook Digital identifies areas, or "regions of interest" (ROIs), on the digital image which show features that may be associated with cancer, and may warrant a second review. These ROIs are brought to the attention of the radiologist after he or she has completed normal interpretation of the digital mammogram.

2-2 What CAD cannot do

It is important to note that CAD is not meant to be used for primary diagnosis. CAD is not meant to replace the expertise of the radiologist. It is meant to be used as an
interpretive
mammogram images provided directly by the GE Senographe may be used for interpretation by the radiologist. By design, the Senographe Review Workstations only allows the display of ROI markers after the images are presented, free of markers, to the radiologist for his/her primary diagnostic interpretation.
CAD is a highly sophisticated system, but it cannot identify all abnormalities. You should base your interpretation upon the original mammogram images and use CAD only as an aid to detection.
Individual practice patterns may influence the results obtained when using this system. Therefore, each facility and radiologist should carefully monitor the results that this device has on their practice of mammography in order to optimize its effectiveness.
aid. CAD should be used only after the initial reading by the radiologist. Only the
aid to
detection
, and not as an
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3 CAD Principles

The CAD system includes three sub-systems: the SecondLook Digital Unit (SLDU), the Review Workstation (RWS or Seno Advantage ), and the Acquisition Workstation (AWS).
CAD processing functions are provided by the SLDU, a dedicated computer which runs the CAD processing algorithms and generates the CAD results as an overlay. The review workstation displays the overlay with the associated image.
The CAD image workflow, illustrated below, includes three main steps:
1.
RAW images are pushed to the SecondLook Digital Unit (SLDU
workstation, or from an image storage system if present. Each image must have been produced by a licensed workstation, declared in the CAD configuration. Images may be pushed individually or in groups. Corresponding images (RAW or PROCESSED) from the AWS must also be pushed to the review workstation before results can be viewed.
2.
The SLDU performs its analysis on each image
workstation in the form of a CAD overlay. CAD processing of an image is not instantaneous. The SLDU takes an average of 30 seconds
(maximum 120 seconds) to process a 19 x 23 cm RAW image and generate a CAD overlay, or 2 minutes for a group of four images. Additional time may be required if there are multiple processing requests.
3.
The
CAD
overlay is displayed with the associated images
and delivers the results of the analysis to the review
) from the AWS or the review
in the form of markers and labels.
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CAD Image workflow
Step 1. The raw image is pushed to the SLDU for analysis. The image (raw and/or processed) must also be pushed to the review workstation before CAD results can be viewed. The user first views the processed image on the review workstation without CAD markers.
Original (raw) image created by a
licensed AWS
Raw or processed
image
Image from storage or archiving device (PACS, RADSTORE, etc.)
AWS
Raw and/or processed images
Step 2. When the SLDU has performed its analysis on each image, it sends an overlay to the review workstation, showing the location and type of any regions of interest that were found.
Step 3. While viewing the image, the user presses the CAD button or the U2 button on the dedicated keypad (if configured) to display the CAD overlay.
SLDU
review monitors
Raw or processed
image
CAD overlay
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AWS
SLDU
CAD overlay
Raw and/or processed images
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4Using CAD

4-1 How do I know if CAD is available on this system?

4-2
When the CAD option is installed and operational, CAD icons are displayed in the Network
Panels of the AWS and review workstation Browser screens.RWSViewerAdvanced Card
CAD
On Demand/CAD Auto Push
CAD on demand (manual triggering of CAD analysis) is always available. CAD analysis of an image may be requested whenever CAD evaluation is required, on a case-by-case basis . If you wish to use CAD only from time to time for help in detecting abnormalities in individual questionable images, use CAD On Demand.
CAD Auto Push may be configured at installation time, by the GE installation Engineer. When CAD Auto Push is configured, CAD processing is applied automatically to all images as soon as
they are acquired by the AWS and pushed to the SLDU, so that the CAD information is systematically available when reviewing the results on the review workstation. The CAD overlay, however, is not displayed until after the original mammogram images generated by the Senographe (without CAD markers) have been presented for interpretation by the radiologist.
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4-3 Which images can be CAD-analyzed?

All images to be analyzed by the SLDU must have been generated on a licensed Senographe system. The SLDU algorithm will analyze any raw (RAW) full breast mammographic image. The following images cannot be analyzed:
Processed (PROCESSED) and secondary capture (SCPT) images.
System performance is not assured for the following views:
Segmented views of the breast.
Implant views with the full implant imaged. Implant Displaced views with a maximum of 25 mm (1") of breast implant imaged can be analyzed.
Special diagnostic images (e.g., magnification views, or spot compression views).
Cleavage views.
Images with hook wires.
Collimated images.
Coned images.

4-4 Which image formats can be displayed with CAD markers?

The following image formats can be displayed with CAD markers:
RAW images
Processed images
Premium View images, for users who have the Premium View Option on the review workstation.

4-5 Selecting images for CAD analysis

You can choose to use CAD to process an individual image, a set of images, a series, or an entire patient case.
•Only
To obtain the best analysis of available information, send entire patient cases (rather than individual
To minimize the elapsed time before CAD overlays are available, send only raw images.
raw
images can be CAD-processed. If you send an entire patient case to the SLDU, the raw images are CAD-processed; other images present (processed or secondary-capture images) are ignored, but increase the time required to obtain the overlays.
images) to be CAD-processed. The SLDU takes advantage of all available information during analysis. If different views of the same breast are present, the SLDU uses all screening views in its analysis, just as a clinician would.
However, note that this increases the time required to obtain the overlays; processing a 4-view exam takes two minutes, as opposed to 30 seconds for a single view.
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4-6 How are CAD overlays Displayed?

Each image being viewed is displayed with its associated CAD overlay, if one exists. A the bottom of each image gives its status. Refer to the following sections for more information:
CAD label Refer to
CAD label
at
2 markers - iCAD SecondLook V7.2
This indicates that the image has been successfully analyzed.
CAD: Result not available Section
CAD: This image can not be processed: Section
Section
4-6-1
4-6-2
4-6-3
4-6-1 Image successfully analyzed
If the image has been successfully analyzed, the CAD label is in the form
SecondLook V7.2.
It indicates the number of CAD markers present as well as the CAD software
2 markers - iCAD
version in use.
When the SLDU identifies ROIs (regions of interest) on an image, the overlay includes a marker
to indicate each ROI:
SecondLook Digital CAD markers The system uses two different markers to identify
ROIs for the radiologist's review:
A rectangle surrounding a cluster of bright
spots, corresponding to a cluster of possible microcalcifications.
An ellipse surrounding a density with or
without radiating lines, corresponding to a possible mass or architectural distortion.
CAD label with software identifier
2 markers - iCAD SecondLook V7.2:
CAD markers are linked to specific points on the image and cannot be moved. Changing the
image orientation, zooming, drawing objects, adding text, etc. does not change the display of the markers relative to the image; they move with the image as it is rotated.
Note:
CAD markers are automatically sized according to the size of the ROI.
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Revision 1 Operator Manual 5189820-5-C-1EN
4-6-2 CAD: Result not available
The CAD label is: CAD: Result not available
Possible cause What to do
1. The image has not been submitted for analysis. Check for CAD overlays in the Browser lists; push the image to the SLDU.
2. The CAD overlay is not yet available on the review
workstation because analysis has not been completed (it takes an average of 30 seconds to process an image; 2 minutes for a 4-view exam).
3. The image was submitted for analysis but a transfer or
network failure occurred.
4. The CAD overlay has been removed from the review
workstation.
5. The CAD licence is not valid for the workstation which
created the image (this problem should be indicated by a "
Network problem ....
the image(s) to the SLDU).
" message when trying to push
Wait for process completion.
Check for CAD overlays in the Browser lists; push the image to the SLDU again.
Check for CAD overlays in the Browser lists; push the image to the SLDU again.
Consult your GEMS Field Engineer
CAD.fm
Page no. 17
GE Healthcare Senographe SecondLook Digital CAD System
Revision 1 Operator Manual 5189820-5-C-1EN
4-6-3 CAD: This image can not be processed
The CAD label is: CAD: This image can not be processed
Possible cause What to do
1. The image is not a type suitable for CAD processing Use a suitable type of image (see section
2. The CAD algorithm was unable to create an overlay within the pre-determined time (normally 30 seconds).
Use another image of the same patient
4-3
).
Page no. 18
CAD.fm
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