GE SCOUT100-Ex, SCOUT140-Ex, vb6, vb7, vb8 Reference Manual

...

Download

SCOUT & vbSeries

Instrument Reference Guide

SCOUT100-Ex, SCOUT140-Ex

vb5, vb6, vb7, vb8

25 September 2014

Measurement & Control

No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of Bently Nevada.

The information provided in this document is subject to change without notice. Names and data used in examples are fictitious unless otherwise noted. This document is distributed as is, without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, respecting the contents of this document, including but not limited to implied warranties for the document’s quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for any particular purpose. Neither GE Energy (New Zealand) Ltd, nor its employees, dealers, agents or distributors shall be liable to the user of this document or any other person or entity with respect to any liability, loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this document.

Trademarks

The following are trademarks of Bently Nevada, Inc, a wholly owned subsidiary of General Electric Company:

• Registered trademarks — Ascent, Bently Nevada, Commtest, Keyphasor, vbOnline, vbSeries

• Trademarks — Ranger, System 1

Other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Printed in New Zealand. Uncontrolled when transmitted electronically.

Measurement & Control

Additional Information

This manual does not contain all the information required to operate and maintain the product. Refer to the Ascent Reference Guide for the required information (available from Help menu in Ascent).

Product Disposal Statement

Customers and third parties, who are not member states of the European Union, who are in control of the product at the end of its life or at the end of its use, are solely responsible for the proper disposal of the product. No person, firm, corporation, association or agency that is in control of product shall dispose of it in a manner that is in violation of any applicable federal, state, local or international law. GE Energy (New Zealand) Ltd is not responsible for the disposal of the product at the end of its life or at the end of its use.

Section 1 — Introduction

Contents

SECTION 1 — INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 1

FLEX FEATURES ...........................................................................................................................2

PRECAUTIONS..............................................................................................................................4

HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS ..........................................................................................................6

CSA Certification — vbSeries Instruments ..........................................................6

IECEx / ATEX Certification — SCOUT Instruments ...........................................8

INSTRUMENT CONNECTIONS ................................................................................................. 11

FRONT PANEL BUTTONS ........................................................................................................ 12

LED INDICATORS ..................................................................................................................... 13

CHARGE BATTERY PACK ......................................................................................................... 14

BATTERY FEATURES ................................................................................................................. 15

REMOVE BATTERY PACK ......................................................................................................... 16

CABLE TEST .............................................................................................................................. 17

OPERATING OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................... 18

Onsite Analysis .............................................................................................................. 19

Recording Routes ......................................................................................................... 20

Balancing ......................................................................................................................... 21

Keypad Entry .................................................................................................................. 22

SECTION 2 — INSTRUMENT FUNDAMENTALS ........................................... 23

SWITCH INSTRUMENT ON OR OFF ....................................................................................... 23

USE MAIN MENU ..................................................................................................................... 24

RETURN TO PREVIOUS MENU ................................................................................................ 24

USE NAVIGATION KEYS AND ICONS ..................................................................................... 24

SELECT MENU ITEMS............................................................................................................... 26

Select Option .................................................................................................................. 26

Jump To End of List ..................................................................................................... 26

Scroll through Multi-column List .......................................................................... 27

Cancel Option ................................................................................................................ 27

Display Hint Labels and Detailed Help .............................................................. 28

Display Alternative Options..................................................................................... 30

Enter Characters........................................................................................................... 31

Example — Rename Folder ..................................................................................... 32

ADDITIONAL ICONS ................................................................................................................. 34

SECTION 3 — SENSORS ................................................................................. 35

CONNECT SENSOR TO INSTRUMENT .................................................................................... 35

MOUNT SENSOR ...................................................................................................................... 35

Section 1 — Introduction

SET UP ACCELEROMETER........................................................................................................ 36

Permanent Mounting ................................................................................................. 37

SET UP TACHOMETER .............................................................................................................. 38

TACHOMETER SIGNAL FROM KEYPHASOR® ........................................................................ 40

Manual Keyphasor Threshold settings .............................................................. 42

USE STROBE LIGHT ................................................................................................................. 45

SECTION 4 — MEASUREMENT TYPES AND THEIR USES ........................... 46

SPECTRUM ................................................................................................................................ 46

Strobe Output................................................................................................................. 48

Read Speed of Connected Strobe ........................................................................ 50

WAVEFORM .............................................................................................................................. 51

DEMODULATION ...................................................................................................................... 52

Analyze Demodulation Data .................................................................................. 54

DEMOD SPECTRUM ................................................................................................................. 55

6PACK ....................................................................................................................................... 55

Streamlined Parameter Settings .......................................................................... 56

6Pack Demodulation Processing ......................................................................... 57

TACHOMETER DISPLAY ........................................................................................................... 58

TIME SYNCHRONOUS AVERAGING ........................................................................................ 59

BUMP TEST ............................................................................................................................... 60

COAST-DOWN/RUN-UP ......................................................................................................... 61

Tips for Coast-down/Run-up recordings.......................................................... 61

Deactivate Saving Waveform Data for Coast-down/Run-up

Measurement ................................................................................................................. 62

Take Coast-down/run-up Measurement.......................................................... 63

CROSS CHANNEL PHASE ........................................................................................................ 64

Recommendations for Cross Channel Phase................................................. 65

Fault Types and their Phase Relationships ..................................................... 66

Measuring Cross Channel Phase.......................................................................... 69

Setup .................................................................................................................................. 69

Measure Cross Channel Phase .............................................................................. 70

1 — Plan Cross Channel Spectrum (ODS) Recording Routine ................ 71

2 — Setup ......................................................................................................................... 72

3 — Take Cross Channel Spectrum (ODS) Recording ................................. 75

4 — Review Data .......................................................................................................... 77

REVIEW DATA IN ODS SOFTWARE ....................................................................................... 78

LONG TIME WAVEFORMS ....................................................................................................... 80

Measure Long Time Waveforms........................................................................... 80

View Long Time Waveforms on Computer ..................................................... 82

ORBIT PLOT .............................................................................................................................. 83

Use Orbit Plot Measurement Mode ..................................................................... 86

Section 1 — Introduction

iii

Take Orbit Plot Measurement on Route ............................................................ 88

MODAL IMPACT TESTING........................................................................................................ 89

1 — Plan Impact Test Routine ................................................................................ 90

2 — Setup ......................................................................................................................... 90

3 — Perform Trial Impact ......................................................................................... 93

Disable Warning Messages .................................................................................... 95

4 — Perform Actual Modal Impact Test ............................................................ 95

Specify Locations and Directions for Saved Impacts..................................... 97

5 — Review Data .......................................................................................................... 98

KEYPAD ENTRY ......................................................................................................................... 99

ORDER TRACKING................................................................................................................. 101

Take Order Tracked Measurement ................................................................... 102

AVERAGE VALUE MEASUREMENTS .................................................................................... 106

TAKE MULTI-CHANNEL SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENTS ............................................ 106

Set up Sensors and Channels ............................................................................. 107

Save Multi-channel Measurements ................................................................. 108

SECTION 5 — SET MEASUREMENT OPTIONS ........................................... 110

SET MEASUREMENT UNITS AND SPECTRUM SCALING ................................................... 110

SET MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS ..................................................................................... 112

CREATE YOUR OWN PARAMETER SETS.............................................................................. 114

ASSIGN SENSORS TO CHANNELS ....................................................................................... 115

SPECTRUM PARAMETERS ..................................................................................................... 116

Fmax ................................................................................................................................ 117

Spectral Lines .............................................................................................................. 118

Fmin ................................................................................................................................. 118

Tach Trigger ................................................................................................................. 118

Averaging ...................................................................................................................... 118

Number of Averages ............................................................................................... 119

Averaging Types ....................................................................................................... 119

Average Overlap....................................................................................................... 119

Windowing ................................................................................................................... 120

Choose Window Type ............................................................................................. 120

WAVEFORM PARAMETERS................................................................................................... 120

Equivalent Fmax ........................................................................................................ 121

Number of Samples ................................................................................................. 121

Duration ......................................................................................................................... 121

ADDITIONAL MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS ..................................................................... 121

SECTION 6 — TAKE RECORDINGS ............................................................. 122

WALKTHROUGH — TAKE RECORDINGS............................................................................ 122

TAKE INDIVIDUAL AND MULTIPLE RECORDINGS.............................................................. 123

Individual recording ................................................................................................. 123

Section 1 — Introduction

Multiple recording ..................................................................................................... 123

SAVE RECORDINGS ............................................................................................................... 124

REVIEW RECORDING ............................................................................................................ 125

Review Current Recording .................................................................................... 125

Review Stored Recording ...................................................................................... 126

DELETE RECORDING ............................................................................................................. 127

ATTACH NOTE ....................................................................................................................... 127

BASELINE RECORDINGS ....................................................................................................... 128

SECTION 7 — ANALYZING MEASUREMENTS ONSITE ............................. 129

TIPS FOR TAKING MEASUREMENTS ................................................................................... 130

WALKTHROUGH — TAKE MEASUREMENT ........................................................................ 131

CHANGE DEFAULT MEASUREMENT SETTINGS ................................................................. 133

CHARTS .................................................................................................................................. 134

ANALYZE MEASUREMENTS.................................................................................................. 135

Cursors ........................................................................................................................... 136

Show or Hide Harmonics ...................................................................................... 138

Zoom ............................................................................................................................... 139

VIEW MULTIPLE CHARTS ..................................................................................................... 140

Select Chart .................................................................................................................. 140

Display Single Chart................................................................................................. 140

CHANGE CHART VIEW ......................................................................................................... 141

Select Chart Layout .................................................................................................. 141

Change Multi-chart Layout Display ................................................................... 141

SET Y AXIS (AMPLITUDE) SCALE ......................................................................................... 142

Fixed Y Axis scale options ..................................................................................... 143

AMPLITUDE DISPLAY UNITS ................................................................................................ 144

vdB ................................................................................................................................... 145

adB ................................................................................................................................... 145

SET RPM ............................................................................................................................... 145

Enter RPM manually ................................................................................................ 145

Enter RPM using 1X peak ...................................................................................... 146

VIEW ORDERS ....................................................................................................................... 147

VIEW REVOLUTIONS ............................................................................................................. 148

SAVE MEASUREMENT ........................................................................................................... 148

Save to Existing Machine ...................................................................................... 149

Save to New Machine ............................................................................................. 150

CHANGE SCREEN CONTRAST WHILE IN MEASURE MODE ............................................ 151

SECTION 8 — SEND AND RECEIVE INFORMATION ................................. 152

TRANSFER RECORDINGS FROM INSTRUMENT TO ASCENT ............................................. 152

TRANSFER FOLDERS FROM ASCENT TO INSTRUMENT .................................................... 154

Section 1 — Introduction

Resend Updated Folder ......................................................................................... 155

Retain Stored Recordings ...................................................................................... 155

Retain Baseline Recordings on Instrument ..................................................... 155

SYNCHRONIZE TIME ZONE ON INSTRUMENT AND COMPUTER ..................................... 156

EXPORT OR IMPORT DATA USING USB FLASH DRIVE .................................................... 157

Export Data using USB Flash Drive .................................................................. 158

Import Data using USB Flash Drive.................................................................. 159

REMOTE COMMS FUNCTIONALITY ...................................................................................... 159

Receive Data from Remote Comms Server .................................................. 160

Send Data from Instrument to Remote Comms Server ......................... 161

CONNECT TO WI-FI NETWORK .......................................................................................... 162

Set up wireless network ........................................................................................ 163

Connect instrument to wireless network ...................................................... 165

Specify preferred wireless connection ........................................................... 166

Using Wi-Fi with your smart phone ................................................................. 167

UFF EXPORT ......................................................................................................................... 168

SECTION 9 — WORKING WITH ROUTES ................................................... 169

WHAT IS A ROUTE? .............................................................................................................. 169

WALKTHROUGH — TAKE RECORDINGS USING ROUTE .................................................. 170

USE BAND ALARMS AND BASELINE OVERALLS ON ROUTE ........................................... 173

View Alarm Bands Configured in Ascent....................................................... 175

RECORD MULTIPLE CHANNELS ON ROUTE ...................................................................... 176

Axis Mode ...................................................................................................................... 177

Point Mode ................................................................................................................... 178

Complete Setup.......................................................................................................... 179

TRIAXIAL MEASUREMENTS .................................................................................................. 179

ENTER MACHINE SPEED ON ROUTE .................................................................................. 182

View Machine and Point Speed Details.......................................................... 184

SKIP ROUTE ENTRIES AND MACHINES .............................................................................. 184

LOCATE SKIPPED ROUTE ENTRIES ..................................................................................... 185

TRACK PROGRESS THROUGH ROUTE ................................................................................ 186

SAVE ROUTE RECORDING ................................................................................................... 187

Select Save mode for recording ......................................................................... 188

Select Recording to Review .................................................................................. 189

RETAKE RECORDING ............................................................................................................ 190

DELETE ROUTE RECORDING ............................................................................................... 191

TAKE OFF-ROUTE RECORDING .......................................................................................... 192

EDIT OR DELETE ROUTE....................................................................................................... 192

SECTION 10 — CREATE, EDIT, AND DELETE ITEMS ................................. 193

STORAGE CAPACITY AND RECORDING VOLUME.............................................................. 193

Section 1 — Introduction

ORGANIZE AND STORE RECORDINGS ................................................................................ 194

FOLDERS ................................................................................................................................ 196

Create Folder ............................................................................................................... 196

Change Selected Folder ......................................................................................... 196

Rename Folder ........................................................................................................... 196

Delete Folder ............................................................................................................... 197

Restore Deleted or Overwritten Folder ........................................................... 197

MACHINES ............................................................................................................................. 198

Create Machine Structure ..................................................................................... 199

Create Parameter Set.............................................................................................. 200

Change Sensor ........................................................................................................... 201

Add Structure to Existing Machine ................................................................... 201

Copy Machine Structure ........................................................................................ 202

Rename Machine Structure ................................................................................. 203

Delete Machine Structure...................................................................................... 204

SENSORS ................................................................................................................................ 205

Define or Edit Sensors ............................................................................................. 205

Bias Voltage Check ................................................................................................... 207

Set Default Sensor .................................................................................................... 208

Change Sensor Temporarily ................................................................................. 209

Change Default Sensor .......................................................................................... 209

Delete Sensor .............................................................................................................. 209

NOTES .................................................................................................................................... 209

Create Note .................................................................................................................. 210

Edit Note ........................................................................................................................ 210

Attach Note .................................................................................................................. 211

View Note ...................................................................................................................... 211

Detach Note ................................................................................................................. 211

Delete Note Permanently ...................................................................................... 212

DELETE ALL RECORDINGS IN FOLDER ............................................................................... 212

DELETE ALL STORED INFORMATION .................................................................................. 213

SECTION 11 — BALANCING ROTORS ........................................................ 214

METHODS FOR BALANCING ROTORS ................................................................................ 214

BALANCING PROCESS .......................................................................................................... 215

BALANCING TIPS ................................................................................................................... 216

TACHOMETER ........................................................................................................................ 216

SUGGESTED TRIAL WEIGHT MASS AND LOCATION ........................................................ 217

MANUALLY ENTER BALANCING DATA............................................................................... 217

SET UP BALANCING JOB...................................................................................................... 218

Balance Planes and Weight Positions ............................................................ 219

Balance Planes ......................................................................................................... 219

Section 1 — Introduction

vii

Weight Position (Reference Mark) ....................................................................... 219

# Sensors....................................................................................................................... 221

Channel Position ...................................................................................................... 222

Averages ........................................................................................................................ 223

Machine Information ............................................................................................... 224

Rotor Weight, Diameter, and Speed .................................................................. 224

Reference Mark......................................................................................................... 225

Filter Bandwidth ........................................................................................................ 226

Weight Orientation ................................................................................................... 226

Tach Trigger ................................................................................................................. 227

Weight Lin Dist ........................................................................................................... 227

Store Units .................................................................................................................... 227

COMBINE AND SPLIT TRIM WEIGHTS ................................................................................ 227

Combine/Adjust Weights ...................................................................................... 228

Split Weight .................................................................................................................. 229

ADJUST WEIGHTS FOR NEW RADIUS LOCATION ............................................................ 231

REVIEW PREVIOUS BALANCING JOBS ............................................................................... 232

SECTION 12 — BALANCING WALKTHROUGH .......................................... 233

STEP 1 — SET UP NEW BALANCE JOB ............................................................................. 234

STEP 2 — TAKE INITIAL READING ...................................................................................... 235

STEP 3 — TAKE TRIAL READING ........................................................................................ 237

STEP 4 — BALANCE ROTOR................................................................................................ 240

STEP 5 — PERFORM TRIM BALANCING ............................................................................ 241

STEP 6 — VIEW OR SAVE BALANCING JOB ..................................................................... 242

Save balance job ....................................................................................................... 243

SECTION 13 — GENERAL SETUP OPTIONS ............................................... 244

SET DATE AND TIME ............................................................................................................. 244

Adjust Date or Time Format................................................................................. 245

SELECT LOCAL TIME ZONE .................................................................................................. 245

DAYLIGHT SAVING AUTOMATIC ADJUSTMENT ................................................................ 246

ADJUST SOUND VOLUME.................................................................................................... 247

SET INSTRUMENT LANGUAGE ............................................................................................. 247

ADJUST SCREEN CONTRAST ............................................................................................... 247

SWITCH BACKLIGHT ON/OFF ............................................................................................ 248

ESTIMATE REMAINING OPERATING TIME .......................................................................... 248

CONSERVE BATTERY POWER .............................................................................................. 249

Set Backlight Timeout ............................................................................................. 249

Set Sleep Mode Timeout ........................................................................................ 250

Change Default Sleep Mode Timeout ................................................................ 250

Switch Instrument On ............................................................................................. 250

Set Complete Powerdown Timeout ................................................................. 251

Section 1 — Introduction

viii

MANAGE INSTRUMENT MEMORY ....................................................................................... 251

Check Available Memory ....................................................................................... 252

Instrument Memory Warnings ........................................................................... 252

80% Memory Capacity Warning ....................................................................... 253

95% Memory Capacity Warning ......................................................................... 254

100% Memory Capacity Warning ...................................................................... 254

Free up Instrument Memory ................................................................................ 255

Reformat Memory Card ......................................................................................... 256

Empty Recycle Bin .................................................................................................... 257

Overwrite Primary Database with Mirror Backup .................................... 258

DISPLAY SYSTEM INFORMATION ........................................................................................ 259

UNLOCKABLE FEATURES ..................................................................................................... 260

UPGRADE INSTRUMENT FIRMWARE — PROFLASH ......................................................... 261

PROFLASH PROCEDURE ....................................................................................................... 262

SECTION 14 – TROUBLESHOOTING .......................................................... 263

RESET INSTRUMENT ............................................................................................................. 263

TROUBLESHOOT NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS ............................................................. 264

Set Ethernet Network Address ........................................................................... 265

Reset Network Values to Factory Default ........................................................ 265

ETHERNET CONNECTION LOST IN WINDOWS VISTA ...................................................... 266

INDEX ............................................................................................................. 267

Section 1 — Introduction

You can use this Reference Guide in conjunction with the Ascent Reference Guide. Please read this guide before operating your Bently Nevada SCOUT or Commtest vbSeries Portable Vibration Analyzer and keep it for future reference. This guide applies to the following instrument models:

• SCOUT100-Ex

• SCOUT140-Ex

• vb5

• vb6

• vb7

• vb8

Although this guide makes use of common vibration analysis and balancing concepts, it is not intended as a comprehensive guide or training manual. Please ensure you have the relevant knowledge and experience to carry out the procedures described. It is essential to follow all appropriate safety precautions when working near rotating machinery.

Section 1 — Introduction

Flex Features

Some of the features available with the 2013 release are included by default for some new models, and available for purchase with other older models. When you purchase an additional Flex feature, you will receive a license for it which you can activate via Ascent.

If you purchase a Flex feature, you can easily review the licensing status of these at any time. To do this:

1. Press Options.

2. Press Model + Features.

MORE: Contact your local sales representative to arrange a license for a feature you wish to add.

MORE: Refer to your Ascent Reference Guide to learn how to apply our license in Ascent.

Checking the licensing details for any additional features

Section 1 — Introduction

Some older instruments are not automatically compatible with Flex features. To check whether your instrument is currently configured to support the addition of Flex features:

1. Press Options.

2. Press Memory & System — The Flex Capable listing at the bottom of the screen indicates either Yes or No.

MORE: Contact Commtest Support if your instrument is currently not set up to support Flex features.

Determining whether your instrument is currently set up to

support the addition of Flex features

Section 1 — Introduction

Precautions

Ensure you read and understand this section before operating your instrument. Pay attention to all warnings and recommendations to prevent data loss, data inaccuracy, damage to the instrument, or injury to you.

Do NOT attach sensors to any object with a high potential voltage — I.e. a voltage that exceeds 50 V DC or 32 V AC or the Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) defined by your local power authority.

Ensure the cables and neck strap cannot become entangled with any rotating or moving machinery.

Do NOT bring any objects that are sensitive to magnetic fields near the magnetic mounting bases (e.g. cardiac pacemakers, credit cards, floppy disks, video tapes, audio cassette tapes, or mechanical watches).

Explosion Hazard — When working in a hazardous area with risk of flammable gases, all precautions and limitations explained in the following Hazardous Locations section must be followed.

Do NOT detach the battery pack from the instrument for more than 10 minutes. This will erase the instrument's date and time (it will retain all recordings and other information).

Neck straps must be connected to the instrument using the 2.5 turn stainless steel rings provided. The strap must NOT be connected directly to the unit. This will defeat the 10 kg safety release provided by the rings. Replacement rings are available.

Section 1 — Introduction

Only use an approved power adapter — 12 V 3 A output, center positive. Do NOT use the plug-pack transformers supplied with previous instrument versions. Doing so will damage these transformers.

The cover over the comms and charger connectors provides an essential seal. The cover must be in place whenever you use the instrument in an industrial environment. Failure to comply with this requirement might void your warranty. IP65 rating only applies while the cover is securely in place.

Transfer information stored in the instrument to a PC before reprogramming (PROFLASHING) the instrument with new firmware. PROFLASHING the instrument will delete all stored information.

To obtain accurate measurements, ensure the drive current is switched on when using an IEPE/ICP®-type accelerometer.

Mount the sensor correctly before taking measurements. This will ensure your readings are accurate and consistent.

Use a mild detergent diluted with warm water to clean your instrument. Do NOT use abrasive or polishing substances, hydrocarbons, petrochemicals, or solvents, as these will degrade the plastic casing.

Do NOT place the instrument or magnetic mounting base where the temperature might exceed 140°F (60°C). This will degrade the battery pack and magnet.

If your instrument malfunctions, return it to an authorized dealer. Do NOT attempt to repair the instrument yourself as this will void your warranty.

Section 1 — Introduction

Hazardous Locations

SCOUT and vbSeries instruments are rated differently for hazardous environments — SCOUT instruments hold an IECEx/ATEX rating, while vbSeries instruments are CSA-certified.

CSA Certification — vbSeries Instruments

Your Portable Vibration Analyzer has been approved by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) for use in hazardous locations that meet the following classifications — Class I; Division 2; Groups A, B, C, and D.

These instruments are clearly identified with the CSA logo and a Hazardous Locations information panel. The Class I Division 2 classification is officially defined in the Canadian Electrical Code, part 1. In summary, it is a location in which volatile flammable gases or vapors are present but confined within closed systems from which they can escape only in case of accidental rupture or abnormal operation; or in which ignitable concentrations of gases are normally prevented by positive pressure or mechanical ventilation, and which might become hazardous through abnormal operation of the ventilation equipment.

The approval specifically covers use in the United States of America and any other countries which recognize the CSA certification.

When using a certified instrument in a hazardous location, the installation must comply with the Installation Control Drawing for Hazardous Locations, including all its footnotes and warnings.

Your instrument will be supplied, complete with appropriate sensors for use in Class I Division 2 environments. As indicated in the diagram, you can use alternative sensors, provided these are certified for use in these locations, and provided their entity parameters meet the limits shown in the drawing.

Section 1 — Introduction

Installation Control Drawing for Hazardous Locations

Section 1 — Introduction

IECEx / ATEX Certification — SCOUT Instruments

SCOUT100-Ex and SCOUT140-Ex portable vibration analyzers are IECEx /

ATEX certified — Identified by the logo on the rear instrument label.

If you need to use your instrument in hazardous areas, please ensure it is the appropriate variant for your country. Refer to the following pages for the hazardous area usage instructions.

The logo on the rear label indicates your instrument has been approved for use in hazardous locations with the following classification:

II 3 G Ex ic IIB T4 Gc

• Group II = non-mining

• Category 3 = Zone 2

• Atmosphere G = Gas

• Protection method ic = intrinsic safety for zone 2

• Explosion Group IIB = gases such as Ethylene

• Temperature Class T4 = surface will not exceed 135°C

• Protection level c = Zone 2

The approval covers use in Europe (under ATEX) and any other countries that recognize the IECEx certification.

When using a certified instrument in a hazardous location, the installation must comply with the following Installation Control Drawing for ATEX Hazardous Locations GE2214VBX , including all its footnotes and warnings.

Your instrument will be supplied, complete with appropriate sensors for use in Zone 2 environments. As indicated in the following drawing, you can use alternative sensors, provided these are certified for use in these locations, and provided their entity parameters meet the limits shown in the drawing.

Section 1 — Introduction

Installation Control Drawing GE2214VBX for ATEX Hazardous Locations

Section 1 — Introduction

IECEx / ATEX Declaration of Conformity

Section 1 — Introduction

Instrument Connections

The top panel of the instrument is equipped with the following connectors:

Top panel

Label number

Feature Description

1 Ethernet port Connects to a standard 8P8C (RJ45)

male plug terminator

2 USB host port Connects to an external USB memory

device for data import and export

MORE: See Export/Import Data via an

External USB Flash Drive.

3 USB socket Provides a data connection between

the instrument and an Ascent software host computer

4 Charger power socket

(12 Volt 3 Amp input)

Enables you to power the instrument and charge the its battery pack

5 BNC sensor input Channel 1

6 BNC sensor input Channel 2

7 LEMO four-pin

tachometer input

IMPORTANT! Ensure the protective rubber cover is securely fastened over the instrument communication ports while you collect data in the field. Failure to do this may void your warranty. The IP65 rating only applies while the rubber cover is securely fastened.

Section 1 — Introduction

Front Panel Buttons

The table outlines the functions of the buttons on the front panel of your instrument.

Switch the instrument On/Off.

Cancel/Go Back — A long press takes you back to the main menu.

Accept/Go Forward to the next menu.

Activate alternate functions for each key — In some menus, keys can perform several functions. To see the available options, press ALT and toggle the key functions.

Help key — Access easy-to-see hint labels. A long press displays detailed contextual help text.

Navigate up/down through a list — Press and hold to move more rapidly through a list.

Navigate left/right — Expands and collapse a level in the navigator and directs movement between split-screen menus (e.g. Record Review menu).

Buttons on front panel of your instrument

Section 1 — Introduction

LED Indicators

There are five LED indicators on the front panel of your instrument. These indicate the instrument's current state and warn you of any measurement problems.

Instrument LEDs

Power supply (GREEN)

Illuminates when power is supplied to the instrument from the power adapter.

Charging (RED)

Indicates the instrument battery is charging.

Danger (RED)

Illuminates when:

• A DSP or critical error occurs.

• A measurement is less than 25% or greater than

200% of the preset baseline value.

MORE: See Baseline Recordings.

• The sensor bias voltage is outside the specified range.

Alert (AMBER)

Illuminates when a measurement is less than 50% or greater than 150% of the preset baseline value.

OK (GREEN)

Indicates that a measurement is being, or has been, collected successfully. No error or alert has been triggered.

Section 1 — Introduction

Charge Battery Pack

To charge your battery pack:

1. Ensure the power adapter you are using is suitable (i.e. 12 Volt, 3 Amp output, center positive).

NOTE: The power adapter supplied with your instrument has the correct DC voltage.

2. Connect the AC power adapter included with your instrument to a powered outlet (100-240 Volt, 50/60 Hz).

NOTE: You can also use the optional car adapter charging lead to charge the battery pack in a vehicle with a 12 V negative-chassis power system.

3. Connect the adapter's DC output to your instrument's charger power socket — The instrument's Power Supply and Charging LED indicators illuminate to indicate that the instrument is charging.

NOTE: The battery will be fully charged in approximately 3 hours.

NOTE: Ensure you charge the fast-charge Lithium Ion battery pack for at least 1 hour before or during its initial use.

Section 1 — Introduction

Battery Features

Your instrument is powered by a rechargeable custom Lithium Ion battery pack with a normal operating range of 6.5 - 8.4 V.

It is equipped with an internal backup energy source to protect your data and settings in case the battery pack is momentarily removed from the instrument. The backup remains charged by the battery pack, provided the battery is functioning correctly. Your instrument includes a number of features that help ensure the battery pack is always sufficiently charged.

The table outlines the battery behavior in its different states.

Battery state Behavior

Below 7 Volts Instrument automatically switches off the back

light to prevent further power drainage. It displays a flashing battery icon to indicate the battery needs to be recharged.

At 6.5 Volts Instrument automatically powers down.

Charge of 25% or less Instrument enters Complete Powerdown mode

when powered off (rather than Sleep mode).

Section 1 — Introduction

Remove Battery Pack

To remove the battery pack from your instrument:

1. Use a 2 x Phillips head to loosen the screws that attach the battery cover to the bottom panel of the instrument.

2. Set the battery cover aside and extract the battery.

WARNING! Do NOT detach the battery pack from the instrument for more than 10 minutes. This will cause the instrument date/time to be reset. Stored measurement data or recordings will NOT be lost.

WARNING! Ensure power is NOT supplied to the instrument when you remove the battery. Unplug any connected power adapters before removing the battery.

WARNING! You should NOT re-insert a damaged battery in your instrument. Dispose of damaged batteries responsibly and in accordance with local regulations. Do NOT disassemble the battery or use fire to dispose of it. Replacement batteries are available from authorized distributors (part number BATT0206).

Section 1 — Introduction

Cable Test

To display a live bias voltage graph of all connected channels and determine whether your sensors and cables are working correctly:

1. Secure your sensor so that it does not move — You could attach it to a machine that is not running or hold it with a clamp.

2. Press or Measure.

3. Use the navigation keys provided to scroll down and select Cable Test.

4. Press — The current voltage displays in real time.

5. Move the cable joints to determine whether there is an intermittent short:

• Consistent data (e.g. a straight line) indicates the cable is

working correctly.

• Varying data (e.g. a varying line) indicates there is a problem

with the cable.

TIP: You can view the data that displays for a particular channel in

more detail. To do this, press to toggle and select the channel

you wish to view > Press to access an enlarged view of the data.

NOTE: You can run a cable test for any standard sensor that is supported by your instrument, including accelerometers, velocity sensors, and proximity probes.

Cable test reveals sensor is functioning correctly

Section 1 — Introduction

Enlarged view of selected channel reveals problematic sensor connection

Operating Overview

You can use your instrument to:

• Take live, free run measurements for onsite analysis of vibration

spectra and waveforms.

• Record routes and store vibration data for transfer to a PC (off-

site analysis).

• Use keypad entry to enter additional machine information and

process inputs.

• Balance machines using single and dual plane methods.

Section 1 — Introduction

Onsite Analysis

You can use your instrument to measure vibration spectra and waveforms. You can then analyze your data onsite immediately. This is ideal for one-off investigations that fall outside your regular scheduled monitoring route.

To do an onsite analysis:

1. Set measurement parameters on your instrument.

2. Measure and analyze the spectrum or waveform.

3. Record the data to memory (optional).

4. Transfer the data to your computer for further analysis (optional).

Section 1 — Introduction

Recording Routes

You can take vibration recordings for all monitored machines and transfer these to your computer for analysis.

Your instrument can guide you through a predefined data recording sequence known as a route. You can create a route on your computer and transfer it to your instrument.

Recording routes is particularly useful if you routinely monitor a large number of machines. It enables you to build up a history of machine states and conditions over time.

To record a route:

1. Create a recording route on your computer.

MORE: See the Ascent Reference Guide for instructions.

2. Transfer the route to your instrument.

3. Collect data for each item on the recording route as prompted by your instrument.

4. Transfer the collected data to your computer for further analysis.

Section 1 — Introduction

Balancing

Depending on your instrument, you can analyze and correct rotating mass imbalance problems where they occur. A rigid rotor can be balanced in one or two planes. To address a balancing problem where it occurs:

1. Take an initial measurement of the imbalance.

2. Attach a trial weight to the balancing plane.

3. Take another measurement.

TIP: For dual-plane balancing, do the same for the second plane.

4. Attach correction weights to the balancing planes as recommended by your instrument.

5. Take a measurement in each plane to confirm the rotor is balanced.

NOTE: You can use Trim Balancing to remove any residual imbalance.

TIP: You can swap the display so that the rotation shown on the screen matches the rotation of the shaft you are looking at.

Section 1 — Introduction

Keypad Entry

You can create keypad entries to define process input values such as current or flow rates. You can enter process input values manually using the keypad (instead of attaching a sensor to your machine). You can then transfer the data you have collected to your computer, along with your normal measurements.

If you include keypad entries in a route, your instrument will prompt you to enter values at specific points along the route. Keypad entries can also be used as onscreen reminders to perform machine checks (e.g. for checking temperature and pressure).

To collect and record entries using the keypad:

1. Create keypad entries as part of a recording route.

2. Transfer your entries to your instrument.

3. Enter the values for each keypad entry item (when prompted to do so by your instrument).

4. Transfer the values and recordings you have collected to your computer for analysis.

Section 2 — Instrument Fundamentals

This section explains how to:

• Switch your instrument on and off

• Navigate around menus and select menu items

• Enter and edit characters and punctuation

• View hint labels for the buttons on your screen

• Access more detailed help for a feature

Switch Instrument On or Off

You can press the power button to switch your instrument on or off.

NOTE: If your instrument is switched on and it has a battery state above 25%, it will enter Sleep mode when you press the power

button. If the battery has less than 25% charge remaining, your instrument will enter Complete Powerdown Mode when you switch it off.

When you switch your instrument on, the main menu displays the following details:

• The remaining battery charge amount

• Today's date and time

• The serial number and firmware version

• Your user-defined description

• The name of the currently selected folder

TIP: You can press and hold either cancel button to return to the main menu.

Section 2 — Instrument Fundamentals

Main menu that displays when you switch your instrument on

Use Main Menu

To navigate around the menu, press the key of the task you want to perform. For example, you can press to take measurements, and

to review recordings.

Return to Previous Menu

You can press the cancel button to return to the previous menu. If you have opened several submenus, pressing this key will return you to each previous menu item.

You can press and hold the cancel button to return to the main menu.

Use Navigation Keys and Icons

You can use the arrow icons on the keypad and screen to:

• Navigate backwards and forwards through menus

• Move up and down and across lists

• Expand and collapse structures that contain other items

Section 2 — Instrument Fundamentals

The table outlines the functions of the navigation keys and icons.

Move the selection bar in the required direction.

Move the selection bar to the top of a single column list.

Move one column to the left in a multi-column list.

Move the selection bar to the bottom of a single column list.

Move one column to the right in a multi-column list.

Expand the highlighted machine structure to show its points, locations, and parameter sets.

Move to the right of the screen in a split-screen menu.

Collapse the highlighted machine structure so that only the top level displays.

Move to the left of the screen in a split-screen menu.

When you are working with large numbers of machines, you can

use the collapse icon to collapse the machine structures displayed. This will speed up navigation, enabling you to move the selection bar from machine to machine, instead of scrolling through each individual parameter set, location, or point.

Using the collapse icon

Section 2 — Instrument Fundamentals

Select Menu Items

When several menu items are available, these will display in list format, along with arrows on the screen. You can press the arrow keys to scroll up, down, or across a multi-column list.

Select Option

To select an option from a list:

1. Use the arrows keys to move the selection bar until your option is highlighted,

2. Press to select the required option.

Using the arrow keys to navigate to the required menu item

Jump To End of List

Left and right arrows display on the right of your screen when several menu options are available. If required, you can:

• Press to jump to the first list entry.

• Press to jump to the final list entry.

Section 2 — Instrument Fundamentals

To jump directly to the end of a list:

1. Open the main menu.

TIP: You can press and hold the cancel button to return to the main menu from a submenu.

2. Press button to access the Measure menu.

3. Press button to select the Spectrum Waveform menu.

4. Press button to drill down for more details about the Spectrum Waveform  Left and right arrows display on the right of the screen.

5. Press button to select the first list entry, or button to select the final list entry.

Using the left and right arrows to navigate to the required menu item

Scroll through Multi-column List

You might find lengthy lists displayed in several columns. Where this happens, you can jump across columns and scroll up or down.

Cancel Option

You can press the cancel button to cancel an option and return you to the previous menu.

TIP: You can press and hold the cancel button to return to the main menu.

Section 2 — Instrument Fundamentals

Display Hint Labels and Detailed Help

The functions on your screen have hidden hint labels and more detailed snippets of help attached to them. To give you more screen space, the help is hidden by default.

To access the hint labels and more detailed snippets of help:

1. Open the main menu.

TIP: Press and hold the cancel button to return to the main menu from a submenu you have open.

2. Open the required menu (e.g. press button to open the Record Review menu).

3. Press the help key to display the associated hint labels.

4. Press and hold the help key to display more detailed help.

5. Press the help key again to hide the detailed help text.

6. Press any key to hide the hint labels.

Section 2 — Instrument Fundamentals

Viewing hint labels

Accessing more detailed help

Section 2 — Instrument Fundamentals

Display Alternative Options

For several of the menu options, one key can perform more than one

function. When an additional menu option is available, an icon will display at the top of the screen.

You can press the key to access a different set of options.

View of menu before pressing

View of menu after pressing

Section 2 — Instrument Fundamentals

Enter Characters

The names you enter can be up to 50 characters long. These can contain a mixture of upper and lower case letters, spaces, numbers, and punctuation.

To enter letters and numbers, press the keys repeatedly to cycle through the characters until you reach the one you want to use.

EG: To enter the number 7, press four times.

You can insert spaces between words, change from upper to lower case, and delete or insert special characters as required.

Pressing to display hint labels will help you use the various editing commands.

TIP: If you press a different key, the cursor will jump to the next space. If you need to use a character that is on the same key as the previous character, pause for a moment until the cursor moves forward. This will ensure you do NOT overwrite your text.

TIP: Press if you make a mistake and wish to delete a character.

Section 2 — Instrument Fundamentals

Example — Rename Folder

This example explains how to rename a folder:

1. Open the main menu.

2. Press Folders & USB Export.

3. Press to change the folder name.

4. Press > Press to clear the current folder name.

5. Press the buttons provided to select the required letter.

EG: Press three times to enter the letter F.

6. Press to enter a space between words.

7. Press to access the punctuation options

8. Press > Press to display the advanced editing menu — You can use this to change case, delete characters, and more.

9. Press to save your changes once you have finished entering text.

Entering characters

Section 2 — Instrument Fundamentals

Using the advanced options

Section 2 — Instrument Fundamentals

Additional Icons

There are additional icons you can use to manage your machines and other items.

TIP: Press to display the hint labels for a function.

The table lists the additional icons you can use to manage your machines.

Icon Function

Create a new machine

Create a new point

Create a new location

Create a new parameter set

The table lists the additional icons you can use to manage any item.

Icon Function

Create a new item

Edit the selected item

Delete the selected item

Copy the selected item into memory

Paste the copied item to the highlighted position

Section 3 — Sensors

This section explains how to use the sensors that are compatible with your instrument. You will learn:

• How to use the accelerometer and tachometer supplied with

your instrument

• How to mount a sensor correctly

Connect Sensor to Instrument

You can connect a sensor to the instrument via a BNC connector.

BNC connector

To attach a sensor cable plug to a BNC connector, insert the cable and gently turn it clockwise.

To remove a sensor cable plug from a BNC connector, grip the end of the cable plug, gently twist it anti-clockwise, and pull it up.

WARNING! Do NOT pull the sensor cable to remove the BNC connector. Doing this can damage the cable.

Mount Sensor

The sensor mounting you choose will affect the accuracy (and therefore repeatability) of your vibration measurements.

For walkathon data collection, accelerometers are usually mounted using the supplied magnetic base. However, for optimal high frequency results, you can stud-mount these (see Permanent Mounting).

NOTE: Ensure you mount tachometers, displacement sensors, proximity probes, and current sensors according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Section 3 — Sensors

Set up Accelerometer

To set up your accelerometer:

1. Plug the accelerometer connector into the BNC sensor input of your instrument.

2. Screw the accelerometer into the magnetic base.

3. Attach the accelerometer to the measurement point using these guidelines:

• Attach the accelerometer to a sturdy, rigidly mounted, non-

flexible structure, where vibration from the rotating part of the machine will be accurately transmitted.

• Do NOT attach sensors to sheet metal, guards, or any machine

structure that is NOT closely coupled to the source of vibration in the spinning rotor. The vibration of this kind of structure will be different to the vibration source.

• The attachment structure must be at least 10 times heavier

than the accelerometer itself. Do NOT mount the accelerometer on lightweight motors or similar parts as the weight of the accelerometer will distort the vibration signal. Use a smaller accelerometer for small structures.

• To avoid distorted signals, attach the accelerometer as closely

as possible to, and in line with, the centerline of the bearings.

• The mounting surface should be flat and smooth where the

accelerometer makes contact. Attach the accelerometer using the magnetic accelerometer base supplied or a threaded stud on the machine surface. The accelerometer should NOT move independently of the machine part it is attached to.

• Ensure the accelerometer is oriented correctly. Vibration can

vary significantly with direction.

• If you are undertaking an ongoing study of a particular

measurement point, always attach the accelerometer at exactly the same position you used for previous measurements

TIP: Mark the position if necessary.

• Keep the accelerometer clear from other cables to ensure it is

NOT twisted, kinked, or tangled.

Section 3 — Sensors

Permanent Mounting

To mount a sensor using the stud method:

1. Follow the specifications shown in the diagram below to prepare a mounting spot on the machine.

2. Unscrew the magnetic base from the sensor.

3. Screw the sensor onto the threaded stud.

TIP: We recommend you use a thread locking compound.

CAUTION! Do NOT use a wrench to tighten the accelerometer. This may damage the sensor.

Stud mounting spot

Section 3 — Sensors

Set up Tachometer

A tachometer collects information about a machine's rotation speed. It provides you with an exact reading of machine speed as a measurement is taken. This is more accurate than using a default RPM because a machine's speed can vary significantly under different loads.

The tachometer also provides information on the angle at which the rotor is vibrating. The angle is measured from a fixed reference mark on the rotor called the phase angle. To balance a rotor, you need to consider the amplitude of vibration and the phase angle. The amplitude shows the severity of the imbalance. The phase angle indicates the geometry of the imbalance.

WARNING! The laser tachometer is a class 2 laser product. Do NOT stare into the laser beam.

To set up your tachometer:

1. Screw the block grip extension of the tachometer into the end of the mounting base articulated arm.

2. Plug the cable socket into the tachometer connecting pins > Turn the locking ring to make the connection secure.

3. Locate the TACH input on your instrument > Attach the other end of the cable to this (the LEMO end).

4. Stop the rotor.

5. Cut out a small strip of the reflective tape supplied (approximately 5 mm x 15 mm (0.2" x 0.5").

6. Stick this piece of reflective tape to a machine part that rotates at the rotor speed (e.g. the shaft).

NOTE: This trigger spot should provide a pronounced increase in reflection as it passes under the tachometer light beam. The tape width must be at least double the diameter of the light beam spot.

7. Mount the tachometer magnetic base to a stationary portion of the machine, close to the trigger spot.

8. Position the tachometer slightly away from the center line of the rotating machine part so that reflections from the surface of the machine part do NOT interfere with it.

9. Start the rotor > Wait until it is running at normal running speed.

10. Open the main menu on your instrument.

11. Press to access the Measure menu.

Section 3 — Sensors

12. Press to access the Tach menu.

13. Press to access the Tach Type > Toggle this setting to Standard (if you are using the supplied tachometer). — The screen will display the rotor running speed in RPM and Hz. These values will continuously update but should stabilize, indicating that the tachometer is triggering reliably. If the RPM does NOT stabilize, adjust the position of the tachometer.

Ideal sensor positioning

Preparing to take a tachometer reading

Section 3 — Sensors

Tachometer Signal from Keyphasor®

If your machine has a proximity-probe-based tachometer (tach) sensor (e.g. Keyphasor®), you can use this as the tach signal for your instrument. The sensor should have a buffered front-panel BNC output. This will ensure your instrument's measurements do NOT interfere with pre-existing speed measurements.

TIP: You can purchase Keyphasor® LEMO connector tach cables through your local reseller.

You should adjust the Keyphasor® proximity sensor gap so the driver box output is -8 V +/- 2 V (i.e. -6 V to -10 V) when the sensor is over the shaft. This is the normal mid-range position for these sensors. When the sensor is over the keyway, its output will be -14 V to -22 V (depending on the make and model).

A number of enhancements are available for instruments with serial numbers 45000 and higher when taking recordings with a Keyphasor tachometer:

• There are two additional Keyphasor voltage threshold levels,

making it easier to choose an appropriate threshold for the machine’s Keyphasor probe gap. The previous single threshold level was found to be incompatible with some Keyphasors that had non-standard gap settings. When you take a recording using a Keyphasor tachometer, your instrument will let you know if a recording is tach-triggered but no pulses are detected. You will then be shown the RPM measurements obtained at each threshold level and be prompted to select the one that provides the best measurement of the machine’s speed. When the recording is received into Ascent, your Keyphasor threshold level selection will be retained for future recordings on that machine.

• The Tachometer input of these instruments is also sensitive to

both positive and negative signal pulses. Consequently there is no longer a requirement to use the special Keyphasor Tach cable (black strain relief, product code KEY70258). Instead you can use either that cable or the TTL Tach cable (red strain relief, product code TTL70259).

Section 3 — Sensors

• In addition to the existing Tach Trigger and Off tachometer

modes, it is possible to set the mode to RPM Only for all instruments and threshold levels (standard and Keyphasor). You can use the RPM mode when you need the tachometer to record machine running speed, but do not require tach triggering (e.g. when you take coast-down recordings on a machine with rolling element bearings). The disadvantage of selecting Tach Triggering is that spectral averaging will average away the non-synchronous peaks. This is not ideal when you are trying to find rolling–element bearing faults. Additionally, in Tach Trigger mode, the tach signal must be present. This means the recording cannot be completed if the tach is disconnected or faulty. In contrast, RPM Only mode records the speed if this is available. Consequently, if the tach signal is not present, the recording is still completed and its RPM value is set to the machine’s default speed.

The additional Keyphasor thresholds are available for the following measurement types:

• Spectrum/Waveform

• Demodulation

• Time synchronous Averaging

• Bump Test

• Coast Down/Run-up

• Long Time Waveform

• Orbit Plot

Section 3 — Sensors

Manual Keyphasor Threshold settings

If a recording is tach-triggered but no pulses are detected, your instrument will prompt you to select the appropriate Keyphasor

threshold settings. However, you can also access these settings

manually if required. To do this:

1. Use the KEY70258 or TTL70259 cable to connect the TACH input of your instrument to the buffered output of the Keyphasor proximitor.

2. Press or Measure.

3. Select the required measurement type > Press .

4. Press Tach.

5. Select the required threshold.

6. Press Tach to select ONE of these options:

• RPM only — If you only want to record the machine speed (if

available) and do NOT require phase data, tach triggering, or time synchronous averaging.

• Triggered — If you want to capture phase and/or perform time

synchronous averaging. You can also select this option if you are recording an Orbit plot and require revolution markers.

7. Use the keys provided to select the required threshold.

TIP: Use the default 13V setting if you are using a Keyphasor but are unsure which threshold to select. Press Off if you will NOT be using any form of tachometer. Press for help.

Section 3 — Sensors

Selecting the appropriate voltage for your tachometer and machine

Section 3 — Sensors

Semi-automatic Keyphasor Threshold Selection

If a recording is tach-triggered but no pulses are being detected, your instrument will prompt you to select the appropriate Keyphasor threshold.

If you are performing a Tachometer Display measurement, you can also bring up the same semi-automatic selection screen. To do this:

1. Press or Measure.

2. Select Tachometer Display > Press .

3. Press Tach Threshold — Your instrument scans through the 3V, 8V, 13V, and 18V threshold levels, displaying the RPM value detected at each one.

4. Use the keys provided to select the threshold that delivers a stable RPM reading and matches the expected speed of the machine you are testing — The threshold value you selected will be used for all subsequent recordings on the machine you are measuring.

NOTE: Your instrument will increase the duration between thresholds to find lower RPM values. This process can take just over a minute. A value of zero will display if there is no RPM value.

Correcting the threshold setting for your tachometer and machine

Section 3 — Sensors

Use Strobe Light

If you have a strobe light with an output signal, you should be able to connect it to the tachometer input of your instrument.

If your strobe light has a BNC connector and a TTL output (0 to 5 V), you can purchase a suitable cable (with a LEMO connector) from your distributor.

MORE: For more information on other types of connectors and signals, see Strobe Output and the Frequently Asked Questions.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

This section describes how to set up and take different measurement types. You will learn:

• How to take different types of measurements

• The uses of different measurement types

Spectrum

A vibration spectrum is a chart of vibration amplitude versus vibration frequency. The vibration spectrum of a machine component shows the frequencies at which the component is vibrating and the amplitude of vibration for each of these frequencies.

Spectra consist of discrete spectral lines displayed at fixed frequency intervals. The height of each spectral line represents the amplitude of vibration at that frequency. The more spectral lines in a spectrum, the higher the resolution of the spectrum.

NOTE: Higher spectrum resolutions use more memory.

Simplified version of discrete vibration spectrum

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

The key parameters you need to set are the number of spectral lines and the Fmax. Doing so will ensure all crucial information is captured. To set these parameters:

1. Open the main menu.

2. Press to access the Measure menu.

3. Press to access the Spectrum Waveform.

4. Use the arrow keys on the left to select an existing parameter set or

press to create a new set > Set the parameters as required.

5. Press to start measuring.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Strobe Output

Your instrument can be used to regulate the output frequency of an attached strobe lamp. Alternatively, it can be used to read the output of a strobe as a tachometer signal. This capability is helpful when identifying the source of vibration and unbalance in high speed machinery. It is also useful as a means of visually inspecting the condition of equipment while it is in motion.

Depending on the capabilities of the strobe, machine speeds of up to 140 Hz, 8400 CPM are supported. Some strobe models may only support frequencies below approximately 80 Hz, 4800 CPM.

NOTE: This feature requires a LEMO-to-strobe (LEMO to twin 3.5 mm plugs) cable and a suitable externally-controllable strobe lamp.

Ensure you connect only one 3.5 mm plug at a time (either the black Read or red Drive plug. Connecting both Read and Drive plugs to the strobe's input and output sockets will typically force the strobe into external Drive mode. This will disable the strobe's ability to read and provide a tachometer signal to the instrument.

NOTE: To read tachometer speed from a strobe, the strobe’s output must be set to output a positive signal (NOT a negative one). This is only required on some strobe models, such as some Monarch models. Read the strobe's operating instructions for details.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

To regulate the speed of a connected strobe:

1. Connect the LEMO-to-strobe cable's LEMO plug to the instrument's tachometer socket.

2. Connect the red Drive 3.5 mm plug to the strobe lamp's input socket.

3. Ensure the Read plug is disconnected.

4. Connect a vibration sensor to the instrument's vibration sensor input (LEMO or BNC) and to the equipment you wish to measure.

5. Press Measure > Press Spectrum Waveform.

6. Press Spectrum Waveform — The Spectral Lines and WFM Buffer screen will open.

7. Press Spec Wfm repeatedly until Spectrum displays.

8. Press to return to the Spectrum Waveform screen.

9. Press twice to start the measurement.

10. Wait until the spectrum measurement stabilizes,

11. Use the Cursor Left and Cursor Right keys to move the dotted vertical cursor line to a spectral peak below 140 Hz, 8400 CPM.

TIP: For more precise positioning of the cursor, zoom into the spectrum display using the X Axis Zoom key.

NOTE: The 1X peak should typically be the largest peak on normally functioning rotating equipment.

12. Press ALT then Extended Commands to open the Extended Graph Commands window.

13. Select Strobe Light > Press — A strobe icon will display over the vertical cursor line on the spectrum display.

14. Point the strobe lamp at the rotating equipment and activate — The rotating component matching the frequency selected on the spectrum display will appear to freeze in place, or move slowly, allowing a visual inspection.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

15. To change the frequency of the strobe light to another peak, or to fine-tune the frequency, select another spectral peak on the graph using the cursor keys — The strobe light frequency will change to match the new peak's frequency > Cycle through each spectral peak to identify the components generating vibrations at each frequency.

NOTE: Clearing the cursors (ALT then ) will NOT disable the strobe cursor. To cancel the cursor you must exit the spectrum measurement screen.

Read Speed of Connected Strobe

To read the speed of a connected strobe:

1. Connect the LEMO-to-strobe cable's LEMO plug to your instrument's tachometer socket.

2. Connect the black Read 3.5 mm to the strobe lamp's output socket — Ensure the Drive plug is disconnected and the strobe is set to Positive Signal Mode (POS) if required by the strobe model.

3. Activate the strobe lamp and adjust the output rate as required.

NOTE: The strobe frequency must be kept below 140 Hz, 8400 CPM.

4. Press Measure > Press Tach.

5. Press Tach Type repeatedly to set the tachometer to Standard — The current frequency of the strobe light will display.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Waveform

Waveforms show how vibration levels change over time. A vibration waveform chart represents a series of equally spaced discrete sample points connected by straight lines. The chart shows the vibration level (amplitude) at each time interval during the measurement period. The more sample points in a spectrum, the higher the resolution of the waveform (but the more memory used).

The key parameters you need to set are the duration and number of samples.

The duration determines the equivalent Fmax value. If you later transfer the waveform to Ascent and display it as a spectrum, the Fmax value will be used on the chart.

The number of samples controls the number of spectral lines used when you transfer the waveform to Ascent and display it as a spectrum.

To access this measurement type:

1. Press or Measure.

2. Press Spectrum Waveform.

3. Press the arrow keys on the left to select an existing parameter set

(or press to create a new set).

4. Set the parameters as required.

5. Press to start measuring.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Demodulation

The demodulation process looks for repetitive patterns created by impact events that lie embedded within a time waveform. The process works by extracting the low amplitude, high frequency impact signals and then tracing an 'envelope' around these signals to identify them as repetitions of the same fault. The resulting spectrum, with the low frequency data removed, will now clearly show the high frequency impact signals and harmonics.

Demodulation is also useful as an early warning device as it detects bearing tones before they are visible in a normal spectrum.

The high frequency signals that demodulation aims to extract are very localized, therefore extra care must be taken to ensure the accelerometer is set up correctly. Ensure that the:

• Accelerometer is mounted close to the signal source.

• Accelerometer is well coupled, using either stud mounting or a

very strong magnet on bare metal. A handheld probe or stinger is NOT recommended.

• Accelerometer mounting is consistent between visits, otherwise

trend plots of overall RMS values will be meaningless.

The bandwidth you select determines which range of frequencies the demodulation process will use. If possible, your instrument will suggest a suitable demodulation bandwidth using the machine's default RPM when configuring a demodulation recording.

For most standard speeds (above 1000 RPM), a bandwidth of 2 - 10 kHz will typically be recommended and automatically selected when you

open the Bandwidth window ( Bandwidth after selecting a measurement type of Demod).

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

The table includes typical bandwidth recommendations that may be made by your instrument, based on the default machine speed:

Demod Bandwidth Recommended Speed Range

250 Hz - 10 kHz <100 RPM 500 Hz - 10 kHz 100 - 300 RPM 1 kHz - 10 kHz 300 - 1000 RPM 2 kHz - 10 kHz 1000 - 3000 RPM 4 kHz - 10 kHz >3000 RPM

To view the full range of available bandwidths on the instrument, select Show Complete List at the bottom of the bandwidth selection list.

If a default machine speed has NOT been configured, your instrument will NOT be able to recommend a bandwidth. You will need to manually select a bandwidth option suitable for the application. In this case, you can use the following steps to determine an appropriate bandwidth:

1. Press Measure > Press Spectrum Waveform to take a quick snapshot spectrum measurement.

2. Press to create a new parameter set > Set the store units to Acceleration and the Fmax to 20 000 Hz (1200 kCPM).

3. Press to start measuring.

4. Examine the chart for a region of broadband high frequency noise (haystack).

5. When you set up your demodulation measurement, select a bandwidth that includes the haystack but excludes any large individual peaks.

IMPORTANT! It is very important that all the large-amplitude/lowfrequency peaks are rejected. If no significant haystacks are displayed, we recommend a standard bandwidth of 2 - 10 kHz (120 - 600 kCPM). Proceed with the demodulation measurement when you have determined an appropriate bandwidth.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Broadband high frequency noise (haystack)

Analyze Demodulation Data

Measuring, recording, and viewing data is exactly the same for a Frequency/Acceleration spectrum. You can also transfer the demodulation spectra to Ascent and analyze it with the same techniques used for normal spectra (e.g. trend plots, alarms, fault frequencies, bearings, and gears).

Here are some points to remember when analyzing demodulation data:

• Bearing tones that appear in the demodulated spectrum but

NOT in the normal spectrum are a good early warning indicator of insufficient lubrication (and other problems).

• As the bearing deteriorates, the baseline noise level increases

and bearing tones develop running speed sidebands.

• In the final stages of bearing wear, the bearing tones may

become less prominent as cracks and pits become more rounded and distributed over the race.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Demod Spectrum

To use the Demod Spectrum:

1. Press or Measure.

2. Press Demod.

3. Use the arrow keys on the left to select a parameter set or press

to create a new one > Set the parameters as required.

NOTE: Ensure you set the bandwidth first, as this will determine the range of available Fmax values.

4. Press to start measuring.

6Pack

6Pack supports up to six measurements. You can take these simultaneously from a single data stream/channel (across a maximum of three channels). All standard condition monitoring data can be acquired in one step, in the time normally required to take a single conventional recording.

A 6Pack recording may include some or all of the following measurement types for each recorded channel:

• High Frequency Spectrum

• High Frequency Waveform

• Low Frequency Spectrum

• Low Frequency Waveform

• Demodulation Spectrum

• Demodulation Waveform

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

To take a 6Pack measurement:

1. Press or Measure.

2. Press 6Pack.

3. Use the arrow keys on the left to select a parameter set or press

to create a new set.

4. Set the parameters as required.

5. Press Spectrum Waveform, HF Fmax (Dmax), or Demod Band (Dmin).

6. Use keys , , and to select the measurement types you wish to record.

7. Press to begin sampling.

NOTE: The six recording types that comprise a 6Pack measurement are saved as a single recording for each channel, not as individual High Frequency, Low Frequency, and Demodulation.

Streamlined Parameter Settings

The following simplifications have been applied to 6Pack measurements:

• The sensor type must be Accelerometer.

• The High Frequency and Demodulation measurements are

measured in Acceleration units only.

• All spectra and waveforms have the same resolution (maximum

3200 lines, 40 kHz for single channel and 1600 lines, 20 kHz for dual channel).

• The Demod Bandwidth upper limit is automatically set to equal

the HF Fmax.

• Averaging type, number, and overlap are the same for all

spectra.

• Fmin and Demodulation Fmin are the same.

• Fmax and Demod Fmax are the same.

NOTE: Several charts will display when you use the 6Pack feature, especially when you measure with two channels.

MORE: See View Multiple Charts for more information on multi- chart layout options.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

6Pack Demodulation Processing

6Pack measurements use a slightly different Demod algorithm to the one used when taking ”Demod” measurements (the classic algorithm). The new algorithm performs ‘enveloping’ around the high frequency impact events, in much the same way a user does by eye when viewing a high frequency waveform. By contrast, classic Demod relies on rectification and low pass filtering to achieve a similar result. The new algorithm works very well over a wide range of impact signals, but uses far less computing power than classic Demod. This allows the 6Pack system to operate at full 40 kHz speed on two channels simultaneously, providing twelve processed outputs.

The new algorithm has been carefully calibrated so that its response to typical impacting signals is very close to that of classic Demod. You should NOT see a marked difference when switching to the 6Pack method.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Tachometer Display

Tachometer Display shows an updating readout of the machine speed. It can also display the amplitude and phase angle of the 1X vibration the instrument. This can be used to:

• Verify the machine running speed.

• View the phase angle of the vibration relative to the tach signal.

• Take a quick preview of the out of balance level.

• Connect the tachometer that will be used to measure the RPM

— Attach a vibration sensor if you wish to see the vibration amplitude.

1. Press or Measure.

2. Press Tach.

3. Press to select the standard tachometer or Keyphasor® sensor — The Tachometer Reading menu will display a continuously updating RPM and the equivalent value in Hz.

4. To see the amplitude and phase angle relative to the tachometer signal:

a. Press Tach + Vibration > Change any parameters as

required.

b. Press to take the reading.

Comparing the amplitude and phase angle with the tachometer signal

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Time Synchronous Averaging

Time synchronous averaging is a useful vibration analysis technique for distinguishing between spectral peaks that are very close to the machine's running speed (but not exact harmonics of it).

After performing a large number of averages, peaks that are whole number multiples of the running speed will still be visible. Those that are non-synchronous will be cancelled out from the spectrum.

The key parameters you need to set are the duration, number of samples, and number of averages.

The duration determines the equivalent Fmax value. If the waveform is later transferred to Ascent and displayed as a spectrum, this Fmax value will be used on the chart. The number of samples controls the number of spectral lines used when the waveform is transferred to Ascent and displayed as a spectrum.

TIP: We recommend you use 16 or more averages in order to remove non-synchronous peaks from the final spectrum.

NOTE: You must use a tachometer or Keyphasor® to trigger your measurements.

To conduct time synchronous averaging:

1. Connect the tachometer or Keyphasor® that will be used to trigger your measurements.

2. Press or Measure.

3. Press Time Synch Avg.

4. Use the arrow keys on the left to select a parameter set or press

to create a new set.

NOTE: If you are creating a new parameter set, select the number

of samples, duration, and tach trigger source. Press and to set the number of averages.

5. Set the parameters as required.

6. Press to start measuring.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Bump Test

The bump test is a useful vibration analysis technique. You can use it to help identify resonance frequencies in a machine's structure. This test requires bumping (i.e. hitting) the machine structure when the machine is stopped, while taking a peak hold measurement. Careful selection of the mallet or hammer is required, along with the strength and direction of the bump to ensure that suitable frequencies are injected into the structure without causing damage.

Bump test measurements are taken in free run mode and use peak hold averaging. Your instrument will take continuous samples and update the peak value for each spectral line whenever a line exceeds its previous value.

To perform a bump test:

1. Press or Measure.

2. Use the arrow keys on the left to select Bump Test > Press .

3. Use the arrow keys on the left to select a parameter set or press

to create a new set.

4. Set the parameters as required.

5. Press to begin sampling and bump the machine with a hammer.

6. Repeat step 5 several times.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Coast-down/Run-up

Coast-down and run-up measuring involves taking a series of recordings with a short delay between them. You can use this technique to study the resonance behavior of a machine as its speed gradually increases during power-up, or decreases during coast-down.

Tips for Coast-down/Run-up recordings

We recommend using a tachometer to obtain the RPM reading for each measurement as this will aid interpretation.

You can set the recording interval as a time interval between recordings or a change in machine RPM. We suggest setting it to a change in machine RPM, with the RPM Difference set to machine speed / 20. This will result in approximately 20 recordings being taken during a complete coast-down or run-up.

Several recordings are taken during a coast-down or run-up. If you intend to repeat the process several times on a machine, we recommend you save each set of recordings to a separate location so you can easily distinguish between these.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Deactivate Saving Waveform Data for Coastdown/Run-up Measurement

When you take a Coast-down/Run-up recording, the waveform data is saved along with the spectrum data. However, this means the pace at which you can take these recordings is slower. If you do not need to collect the waveform data, we recommend you specify this when setting up the recording. Doing so will enable you to take recordings much more rapidly during the machine coast-down/run-up.

To deactivate this option and ensure only spectrum data is saved:

1. Press or Measure.

2. Locate and select the Coast-down/Run-up measurement type >

Press .

3. Press Spectrum Waveform.

4. Press Spec Wfm repeatedly to toggle between EITHER of these options:

• Spec + Wfm — Spectrum and Waveform data will be saved

when you take a coast-down/run-up measurement.

• Spectrum — Only Spectrum data will be saved when you take a

coast-down/run-up measurement.

5. Press to confirm your selection.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Choosing to save only spectrum data when doing a

coast-down/run-up recording

Take Coast-down/run-up Measurement

To take a coast-down/run-up measurement:

1. Press or Measure.

2. Use the arrow keys on the left to highlight Coast-down/Run-up >

Press .

3. Use the arrow keys on the left to select a parameter set > Press

to create a new set.

4. Set the parameters as required.

5. Press > Select the machine location to save measurements to.

6. Press again to start measuring.

7. After the first spectrum has been recorded, switch off the machine, or begin ramping its speed up or down.

8. Once the machine has stopped rotating, or its speed has been fully

adjusted, press to stop measuring and return to the Coast-

down/Run-up menu.

NOTE: The measurement location will contain several measurements. You can transfer these to Ascent and display them as a waterfall chart. If you used the tachometer as well, you can also display your measurements as a bode plot.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Cross Channel Phase

Phase analysis is an effective way to diagnose machine faults such as misalignment, resonance, soft foot, and looseness. Phase analysis is also useful for distinguishing faults that look like imbalance but are actually caused by something else. For example, misalignment can show up at 1X RPM, similar to imbalance. Knowledge of the phase relationships of various machine faults will help confirm the existence of a specific machine fault and help prevent misdiagnosis.

Cross Channel Phase is a convenient method of taking phase measurements. It does NOT require the use of a tachometer or reflective tape. Instead, phase is measured between two sensors.

NOTE: When taking measurements, be aware of the direction each sensor is facing. If you are measuring across the coupling in the axial direction, you will probably turn the sensors in opposite directions, thereby introducing an additional 180° phase change. Remember to take this into consideration when analyzing the phase measurements.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Recommendations for Cross Channel Phase

When conducting a cross channel phase analysis, we recommend you:

1. Determine the exact frequency of interest. To do this, you can use spectra to identify high amplitude peaks at specific frequencies.

2. Position the channel 1 sensor in a location which has high vibration at this frequency. Do NOT move this sensor once testing has started.

3. Try out different locations with the channel 2 sensor, noting the phase and amplitude relationships compared to the fixed channel 1 position.

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 at any other locations of interest.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Fault Types and their Phase Relationships

The table outlines fault types and their phase relationships.

FAULT TYPE DESCRIPTION PHASE RELATIONSHIP

Misalignment

General High amplitude peaks will appear at 1X,

2X, and sometimes 3X the running speed. Look for a 180° (± 30°) phase change across the coupling in the axial direction (for angular misalignment) or radial direction (for parallel, offset misalignment).

Bearing misalignment (cocked bearing) will cause a twisting motion in the axial direction. Look for a 180° (± 30°) phase change from the top to the bottom of the bearing housing, or from one side to the other.

Imbalance

General A high amplitude peak will appear at 1X

the running speed. Confirm that the phase difference from horizontal to vertical on the bearing is close to 90° (± 40°). The phase difference between left and right horizontal locations should be within 30° of the phase difference between left and right vertical locations. If the phase is unstable, there may be another reason for a large running speed vibration (e.g. looseness or misalignment).

You can investigate the degree of couple imbalance versus force imbalance by looking at the phase difference between the two sides of the machine. If there is little couple imbalance, only a single plane correction may be required to balance the rotor.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Resonance

Flexible structures

High amplitude peaks will appear where natural resonance frequencies of the structure coincide with excitation frequencies (e.g. 1X, other low orders of running speed, or blade pass frequency).

Look for a 0° phase change when both sensors are positioned in the same direction between two stationary points. The phase change will be 180° when there is a stationary point between the sensors.

Variable speed machines

You can vary the machine speed to investigate resonance. A phase shift of 180° will occur as machine speed is increased from below a resonance to above it. A 90° phase shift will be present at the resonant frequency. If a machine is running close to resonance, any small speed variation will cause large phase shifts.

At a bearing Look for a change from the normal 90°

phase difference in the horizontal and vertical directions at 1X. When a natural frequency is close to 1X in either direction, that phase angle may be heading for its 90° phase change. This means the two phases may no longer be 90° apart (assuming the structure has a different natural frequency in either direction).

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Eccentric belt pulley

General A high amplitude peak will appear at 1X

the running speed of the pulley. Look for a phase change of either 0° or 180° between the horizontal and vertical readings. This indicates straight line motion instead of the usual 90° difference. This symptom is similar to bearing resonance (described above). However, in this case, the direction of maximum vibration will be in line with the two belts.

Mechanical looseness

General High amplitude peaks will show up at

several multiples of the running speed and sometimes even multiples of 0.5X running speed (e.g. 1.5X, 2.5X), etc. Look for fluctuating phase readings at a location from one recording to the next. Also compare the phase readings at 30° increments around a bearing housing. The phase will be significantly different at each angle.

Soft foot A high amplitude peak will show up at

1X the running speed. Look for a 90° to 180° phase change between the machine foot and its concrete base. The soft foot may also have a different phase measurement from the other feet.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Measuring Cross Channel Phase

The Cross Channel Phase measurement option has been enhanced. It’s easier to change the speed of interest during the recording. This could be the actual speed of the machine or the frequency of interest. Additionally you can choose the required filter bandwidth you wish to monitor, and the number of averages you wish to take. While recording, a graph displays on your screen, showing your data. You can adjust the position of the cursor on this graph to access more details about a peak of interest, including phase and coherence data.

Setup

To select your preferred settings for a cross channel phase recording:

1. Connect two sensors to the appropriate machine locations.

2. Assign two sensors and enable both channels:

a. Press > Press Sensor Setup. b. Create or select your sensors as required.

c. Press to continue.

NOTE: The lowest channel will be used as the reference channel. For example, if you have enabled CH2 and CH3, CH2 will be used as the reference channel.

3. Press or Measure.

4. Use the navigation keys provided to locate and select Cross

Channel Phase > Press .

5. Press Store Units > Select ONE of these units according to your requirements:

• Acceleration

• Velocity

• Displacement

6. Press .

7. Press Speed/Freq of Interest.

8. Enter the required rpm value > Press .

9. Press Filter Bandwidth > Select the required bandwidth.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

10. Press Number of Averages > Select the required number of averages.

NOTE: Coherence calculations require spectral averaging to be performed. This means if you set the number of averages to 1, Coherence will not display.

Measure Cross Channel Phase

To measure cross channel phase:

1. Press or Measure.

2. Use the navigation keys provided to locate and select Cross

Channel Phase > Press .

3. Select the required parameter set you have set up > Press — Recording will start automatically.

4. Press to display labels for the additional viewing options:

5. Press to zoom in to the Y axis.

6. Press to expand the Y axis.

7. Press to zoom in to the X axis.

8. Press to expand the X axis.

9. Press to move the cursor left.

10. Press to move the cursor right.

11. Press to change the display of the sensor orientation.

NOTE: The instrument will perform a spectral peak search on the reference channel at the frequency entered. The frequency of the actual peak displays in the top right of the screen. The instrument then looks at exactly the same frequency on the other response channels and displays the phase difference Delta <value> Ø2/Ø1 (CH2 - CH1). The instrument also displays the phase angles and amplitudes of both channels at your chosen peak frequency.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Measuring cross channel phase

Cross Channel Spectrum (ODS)

This section explains how to use the Cross Channel Spectrum (ODS) measurement mode. This process is similar to modal impact testing. It involves:

1. Planning and noting the locations and directions for your recordings.

2. Setting up your channels and sensors to measure the frequency you are interested in.

3. Taking recordings at the specific locations and directions used.

4. Reviewing the data:

• On your instrument

• In Ascent

• In Operating Deflection Software (ODS) such as ME’scope

MORE: Contact your local sales representative for more details about this feature.

1 — Plan Cross Channel Spectrum (ODS) Recording Routine

We recommend you draw a quick sketch of the machine you are investigating and number the points you plan to measure “1”, “2”, “3”, etc. Doing so will ensure you can specify the names, locations, and directions for your readings once you have taken these.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

2 — Setup

Before you can use your instrument to take a Cross Channel Spectrum (ODS) recording, you will need to specify the appropriate settings for your channels and sensors. You will need at least two sensors enabled for this type of recording. The lowest channel (e.g. CH1) will be used as the reference channel.

To set up your channels and sensors:

1. Press or Measure.

2. Use the navigation arrows to select Cross Channel Spectrum (ODS) > Press .

3. Select your preferred FRF unit — Accelerance / Mobility / Compliance:

a. Press Store Units. b. Use the navigation arrows to select your preferred unit > Press

NOTE: This selection is the modal equivalent of choosing between acceleration, velocity, and displacement. Consequently, Accelerance is the better choice for very high frequencies, while compliance is the better option for very low frequencies. Frequency Response Function (FRF) units are derived automatically based on your unit selection.

4. Specify your preferred spectral lines and samples:

a. Press Spectrum Waveform. b. Use the navigation arrows to select the required option > Press

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

5. Select the required Fmax setting — Ensure this value covers any frequencies at which the machine could exhibit mechanical resonance:

a. Press Fmax Fmin. b. Use the navigation arrows to select the required option > Press

NOTE: If required you can press to disable automatic incrementing of the reference sensor (lowest channel number) as you take your recordings (NOT recommended).

6. Press to access additional setup options:

a. Press Number of Averages to change the default number

of averages taken.

b. Press Point Name Increment to change the default

interval at which points will automatically increment.

c. Press Average Overlap repeatedly to toggle and select

the required percentage.

d. Press Window to toggle between Hanning and

Rectangular options.

e. Press Sensor Setup to set up your channels and sensors

as required.

7. Press to exit when you have finished selecting the required parameters — You can now start recording.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Selecting the required parameter settings

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

3 — Take Cross Channel Spectrum (ODS) Recording

Once you have selected your parameter set you can start taking Cross Channel Spectrum (ODS) recordings according to the labeled machine test plan you have created. Your instrument keeps track of the recordings for each point. However, when you save your recordings you will need to specify the points and directions you used for these so keep your test plan close at hand.

To take a Cross Channel Spectrum (ODS) recording:

1. Position your reference sensor at a location on the machine where there is a strong vibration signal at all frequencies of interest. Position your roving sensor according to the measurement plan you drew up.

2. Select the required parameter set listed on the left.

3. Press to start a recording with these parameters.

4. Wait for the sensor to settle — Recording will start automatically.

5. Press or to display the cursor — Use the navigation arrows to move the cursor to a peak of interest.

TIP: To hide the cursor, Press > Press Clear Cursors.

(Press to display the instrument labels).

6. Press to toggle between displaying:

• Two graphs, one showing data from the reference channel, the

other showing data from your second channel.

• The default view of three graphs showing coherence, FRF, and

Phase data.

7. Press to save the recording.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

8. Specify the locations and directions for the readings you have saved:

a. Press Machine Name > Select or specify the machine you

performed the impact test on (e.g. Rotor 1) > Press .

b. Press to specify the reference point you used during the

recording > Press .

c. Press to select the point for the other channel you used >

Press .

d. Press to specify the direction you used for your reference

sensor > Press .

e. Press to specify the direction you used for your other

sensor > Press .

9. Press to save your data and move to the next point, or to exit.

Taking a Cross Channel Spectrum (ODS) recording

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

4 — Review Data

Once you have taken Cross Channel Spectrum (ODS) recordings you can review your data:

• On your instrument press or Record Review.

• In Ascent

• In ODS software such as ME’scope

Reviewing a Cross Channel Spectrum) recording on your instrument

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Review Data in ODS software

If you are using ODS software such as ME’scope, you can import the modal impact and Cross Channel Spectrum (ODS) data stored on your instrument into this program and conduct a more detailed analysis. When importing modal impact data into ODS software such as ME’scope, construct the model using the sketch you drew, along with the numbered points.

To review the data in ODS software such as ME’scope:

1. Securely connect a USB flash drive to your instrument's USB host port.

TIP: Ensure the USB flash drive you are using has enough storage space and that any write protect tabs are unlocked.

2. Press Folders & USB Export on the main menu — The USB Flash Drive screen opens.

NOTE: If you have NOT yet attached a USB flash drive, do this now

and press USB Flash Drive.

3. Press to export the data in Universal File Format (UFF) format.

4. Use the navigation buttons to select the required machine > Press

5. Use the navigation buttons to select the required modal impact or

Cross Channel Spectrum (ODS) recordings > Press .

6. Disconnect the flash drive.

7. Connect the memory stick to the PC running the ODS software.

8. Use the standard data import functionality provided in the ODS software to import the data.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Exporting data to an external USB flash drive

Importing data into ME’scope

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Long Time Waveforms

Long time waveforms enable you to take a continuous recording over a long time period (several hours, if required). This is useful for capturing transients. Once you have started measuring, recordings are taken continuously until your specified time period has elapsed, or you stop the measurement manually. The length of time you can record for depends on the Equivalent Fmax. This determines the sample rate/lines of resolution and the available memory remaining in the instrument.

Measure Long Time Waveforms

Duration is the total amount of time available for recording and is displayed in seconds. You can record for the full length of time available or set a shorter time period. Your chosen time period is shown on top, while the available time is shown in brackets below this value.

The Equivalent Fmax (which determines the maximum frequency displayed on your screen) will affect the available recording time. A high Fmax reduces recording time, while a low Fmax increases the total amount of time available for recording.

While your instrument is recording, you can display the signal on your screen as a waveform. Alternatively, you can convert it to a spectral display by pressing Display Type & Resolution and selecting your preferred display type.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

To measure long time waveforms:

1. Press or Measure.

2. Use the arrow keys on the left to highlight Long Time Waveform >

Press .

3. Use the arrow keys to select a parameter set or press to create a new set.

4. Set the parameters as required > Press .

5. Use the navigation keys to select a location to save your data to.

NOTE: Each input channel must either be saved to a unique location, or not saved.

6. Press to start measuring.

NOTE: During measuring, the number at the top of your screen indicates how many recordings have been taken. Spectrum and waveform measurements are displayed simultaneously by default.

NOTE: When measuring is complete, your screen will display a waveform block (or spectrum if you selected this option). It will also show a trend in the overall power of the last recording.

7. To view the power in another recording, use the arrows on the right to move the cursor.

8. If you used a speed sensor, the top chart can also display the trend

in machine speed — Press to toggle between overall power and RPM.

NOTE: When measuring is finished, the selected measurement location will contain several individual recordings.

NOTE: When the waveforms are later transferred to the software and displayed as spectra, the equivalent Fmax value will be used on the chart. The actual sampling rate is 2.56 times higher than this Fmax value.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Measuring long time wave forms

View Long Time Waveforms on Computer

When you have finished recording, the selected measurement location will contain several individual sample recordings. Once you have transferred these to your computer, you can use the waveform analysis tools to create a high resolution spectrum of the recordings. To do this, select Analyze > Partial Waveform Analysis or Freq. Based Waveform

Analysis.

MORE: See the Ascent Reference Guide.

You can combine up to 100 sample recordings in a single long time waveform chart in Ascent. For example, if individual recordings taken on your instrument used 4096 samples, the maximum long time waveform length displayed in Ascent would include 409,600 samples, resulting in 160,000 lines of resolution (409,600 divided by 2.56).

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Orbit Plot

An orbit plot shows the motion of the center of mass of a shaft. You can plot a shaft's vibration in two directions simultaneously (e.g. vertical and horizontal) to get a trace of the motion of that shaft.

A perfectly balanced shaft with no movement in any direction produces a dot in the middle of the plot. Unbalanced or misaligned machinery may exhibit as circular orbits, figure eights, leaning orbits, or flat orbits. Rub or looseness may display as indents around the circumference of the orbit plot, or small loops around the larger plot orbit. You can use orbit plots to detect abnormal movements of the shaft in the bearing (e.g. unbalance, misalignment, or rubbing against a drive casing. The shaft movement will give you an indication of its cause. For example, if there is a lot of up/down movement, the machine feet might not be bolted down tightly enough.

Two probes are used when taking and analyzing enhanced orbit plot recordings. These are nominally referred to as X and Y. By convention, when viewing the machine from the driver to the driven end, the Y probe is positioned 90 degrees counter-clockwise from the X probe.

The direction of shaft rotation is not important for the X and Y position. You just need to ensure you view the machine from the driver to the driven end. For example, the Y probe will be positioned 90 degrees counter-clockwise from the X probe regardless of the actual angles and positions used.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

The sensors used to take the measurements should be displacement probes. This is because we are measuring the physical movement of the shaft, not its speed. (You can take the readings with an accelerometer if no displacement probes are available but there will be a small loss of accuracy in the displayed plot when the signals are integrated.) The number of samples and measurement duration you choose determines the resolution and length of the orbit recording. We suggest 1024 samples and a duration that covers 4-6 revolutions of the machine being tested. For example, an 890 RPM system (14.8 Hz) has 1 revolution every 67 milliseconds (6 x 67ms = 402 ms). If you choose 400 ms for the duration, you will just capture 6 revolutions of the machine.

NOTE: Severe rub or looseness can produce random orbit plots.

Once the recordings have been received in Ascent, you can select a recording from either location > Select Chart > Orbit+Waveform. The recording at the other location is automatically selected for plotting when you choose the orbit plot option.

NOTE: If you have modified the legacy Orbit chart, this might also display on the Chart menu

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

The availability of orbit plot functionality depends on your licensing agreement. If you have the enhanced orbit plot functionality you will also be able to:

• Position your probes at custom angles (e.g. 45 degrees from

vertical) and include the direction of the shaft rotation for display and analysis.

• Record tach pulses for any tach-triggered waveform recording,

using one average.

• Easily take orbit plot recordings on a route you have set up in

Ascent.

NOTE: When using your instrument to collect data on route, if the route includes corresponding recordings for two different axes on the same bearing, these will be collected as an orbit recording.

MORE: Contact your sales representative.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Use Orbit Plot Measurement Mode

To take an orbit plot measurement:

1. Press or Measure.

2. Use the arrow keys on the left to highlight Orbit Plot > Press .

3. Use the arrow keys on the left to select an existing parameter set or

press to create a new one.

4. Set the parameters as required.

5. Configure your sensors by pressing > Sensor Setup.

6. Enable two sensors > press .

NOTE: Ideally the sensors used to take the measurements should be displacement probes. This is because you are measuring the physical movement of the shaft. If required, you can also take the measurements with accelerometers (if no displacement probes are available). These measure the movement of the bearing housing, not the shaft.

7. Press Number of Samples > Select an appropriate number of samples.

TIP: We recommend 1024 samples.

8. Press Wfm Duration Total Time > Select a measurement duration.

TIP: We recommend 4-6 revolutions. You could select Revs followed by the number of revolutions or an equivalent duration in seconds/milliseconds.

9. Press Tach Trigger repeatedly to select the required tach mode.

NOTE: If OFF is selected, you will be prompted to enter the machine's RPM manually before you start measuring.

10. Press to begin sampling — The sensors will settle and the orbit plot will display.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

11. Press again once the plot has stabilized — A single waveform orbit measurement displays.

NOTE: Filtering is NOT supported on your instrument. You can use Ascent for advanced analysis.

12. Press Save to save the two waveform measurements used to generate the orbit plot.

NOTE: You must specify the vertical and horizontal channels in order to correctly view the orbit plot in Ascent.

NOTE: The circle icon indicates the start position of the waveform. The triangle indicates the end.

13. Press Change View to toggle between orbit plot and waveform views.

Orbit plot

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

Take Orbit Plot Measurement on Route

Before you take an orbit plot measurement on route you will need to enable two sensors. To do this:

1. Press Options.

2. Press Sensor Setup.

3. Enable two sensors > press .

To take an orbit plot measurement on route:

1. Press or Route.

2. Select the route you have set up and imported from Ascent.

3. Press to toggle to the Axis/Point Mode to Multi-Axis (X & Y for Orbit).

4. Press the buttons on the left of the Multi-Channel On Route screen to specify you X and Y axes.

5. Press the buttons on the right of the Multi-Channel On Route screen

to specify all the other the axes you wish to record > Press .

6. Select the axis point you wish to take a recording for > Press to begin sampling.

7. Press again once the plot has stabilized — A single waveform orbit measurement displays.

NOTE: Filtering is NOT supported on your instrument. You can use Ascent for advanced analysis.

8. Press Save to save the two waveform measurements used to generate the orbit plot.

NOTE: You must specify the vertical and horizontal channels in order to correctly view the orbit plot in Ascent.

NOTE: The circle icon indicates the start position of the waveform. The triangle indicates the end.

Section 4 — Measurement Types and their Uses

9. Press Change View to toggle between orbit plot and waveform views.

Preparing to take an orbit plot recording on route

Modal Impact Testing

This section explains how to do modal impact testing on your instrument. This process involves:

1. Planning and noting the locations and directions for your impact test.

2. Setting up your parameters, hammer, and sensors to measure the frequency you are interested in.

3. Performing trial impacts with your hammer on the machine you are investigating — This trial phase provides an opportunity to experiment with different hammer tips and force of impact to ensure you are prepared to take high quality recordings.

4. Performing actual impacts in Run mode and recording the specific locations and directions used.

5. Reviewing the data:

• On your instrument

• In Ascent

• In ODS software such as ME’scope

MORE: Contact your local sales representative for more details about this feature.

MORE: Learn more about the fundamentals of modal testing.

GE SCOUT100-Ex, SCOUT140-Ex, vb6, vb7, vb8 Reference Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual