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MDS 4790E

GE MDS 4790 Series, MDS 4790A, MDS 9790 Series, MDS 4790S, MDS 9790A Installation & Operation Manual

...
Installation & Operation Guide
MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F
SEPTEMBER 2008
400 MHz/900 MHz
Multiple Address System
Master Station Radio
MDS 4790/9790 Series
(including MDS 4790A/C/E/S, MDS 9790A)
http://www.RSPSupply.com/p-8457-MDS-UP-9790X.aspx
QUICK START GUIDE
1. Install and connect the antenna system to the radio (page 9).
• Use an appropriate antenna aimed at the associated station.
• Use low-loss feedline suited for 400/900 MHz. Kee p the feedline as short as possible.
2. Connect the backup battery (page 15).
3. Connect the host computer to the DATA connector on the rear panel (page 23).
4. Verify proper input voltage level and connect power to the radio. Set the power switch(es) to ON.
5. Configure the data interface baud rate (page 42).
6. Observe front panel indicators for proper operation.
Invisible place holder
ACTIVE (green)—This transceiver board (A or B) is the selected unit. STBY (yellow)—This transceiver board (A or B) is the standby unit (redun d ant ver s ion on ly) . ALARM (red)—General fault not covered by the other alarm categories (RX ALR, TX ALR, I/O ALR). RX ALR (red)—Difficulty receiving. May be due to an antenna problem, receiver fault, or other
condition causing a low received signal level.
TX ALR (red)—Fault with the transmit circuitry. I/O ALR (red)—The data rate or format of data at the data interface conne ctor is incomp atible with the
radio settings.
A
B
ACTIVE STBY ALARM RX ALR TX ALR I/O ALR
ACTIVE STBY ALARM RX ALR TX ALR I/O ALR
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MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................1
2.0 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION.....................................................................1
2.1 Network-Wide Diagnostics ...............................................................2
2.2 Redundant versus Non-redundant Operation ..................................2
2.3 Applications ......................................................................................3
Basic MAS Master Station Operation................................................3
Repeater and Polling Remote Operation..........................................3
Simplex and Switched Carrier Operation..........................................4
2.4 Features ...........................................................................................4
2.5 Accessories ......................................................................................5
2.6 Model Number Codes ......................................................................6
3.0 INSTALLATION PLANNING....................................................................6
3.1 General Requirements .....................................................................6
Site Selection.................................................................................. ..7
A Word About Interference ................................................ ... .... ... ... ..8
3.2 Antenna and Feedline Selection ....... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ..9
Antenna System................................................................................9
Feedline Selection ............................................................................9
4.0 INSTALLATION PROCEDURES...........................................................10
4.1 Unpacking and Inspection .... .......................................................... 11
4.2 Mounting the Radio ........................................................................11
Rack Mounting................................................................................12
Tabletop Mounting...........................................................................12
Remote Front Panel Mounting—Optional Configuration.................12
4.3 Primary Power ................................................................................13
AC-Powered Units .......................................... ... ... .... ... ... ................14
DC-Powered Units..........................................................................14
4.4 Backup Battery ...............................................................................15
Location of Battery Backup Switch ....................................... .... ......15
Low-Voltage Disconnect Feature....................................................16
Battery Reset Switch (SW1/LVD PCB)........... ... ... ..........................16
4.5 Antenna Installation ........................................................................17
Feedline Installation........................................................................17
4.6 Interface Wiring Connections .........................................................18
TX, Antenna, and RX Coaxial Connectors (Type-N).......................18
Ground Connection.........................................................................21
Diagnostics Connector—J1 ............................... ... .... ... ...................21
4-Wire Audio Connector—J2..........................................................22
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ii MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F
Data Interface Connector—J3 ........................................................23
Orderwire Connector—J9...............................................................24
Alarm Contacts—J10......................... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .......... 24
4.7 Post Installation Checks .................................................................26
5.0 START-UP AND OPERATION..............................................................26
5.1 Initial Startup ..................................................................................26
Normal Indications..........................................................................26
Maximizing RSSI............................. ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .............26
Coordinating Activities by Orderwire...............................................27
5.2 Front Panel Indicators ....................................................................27
LED Indicators ...... ... ... ................................................................. ...28
Front Panel Display.........................................................................29
6.0 DIAGNOSTICS AND CONTROL ..........................................................30
6.1 PC Connection ...............................................................................30
6.2 PC Command Summaries .............................................................32
Commands and Command Parameters .........................................33
6.3 Detailed Command Descriptions ....................................................37
ALARM............................................................................................37
AMASK [0000 0000–FFFF FFFF]...................................................40
ASENSE [HI/LO].............................................................................41
BATT(ery) [ON/OFF].......................................................................41
BAUD [xxxxx abc]...........................................................................42
BUFF [ON/OFF]................. .............................................................42
CKEY [ON/OFF]..............................................................................43
CTS [0-255]........................... ... .... ... ... ... ..........................................43
DATAKEY [ON/OFF].......................................................................44
DATE [mmm dd yyyy] .....................................................................44
DKEY..............................................................................................45
DLINK [ON/OFF/xxxx].....................................................................45
DMGAP [xx]....................................................................................45
DTYPE [NODE/ROOT/GATE/PEER]..............................................46
EMP [ON/OFF]...................... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ................................46
HREV..............................................................................................46
INIT.................................................................................................46
KEY.................................................................................................47
LOG [CLR]......................................................................................48
MADDR [NONE, 1–255] .................................................................48
MODEL...........................................................................................48
MODEM [NONE/4800/9600/19200/DEFAULT]...............................48
NMASK [0000 0000–FFFF FFFF]...................................................49
OPT.................................................................................................50
OWM [xxxxx]...................................................................................50
OWN [xxxxx]......................... ... .... ... ... ... ..........................................50
PTT [0-255].....................................................................................50
PWR [20–37]...................................................................................51
RADIO [AUTO/A/B].........................................................................51
REPEATER [ON/OFF]....................................................................51
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MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide iii
RSSI, RSSI!................................. ... ... .............................................52
RTU [ON/OFF/0-80]........................................................................52
RX [xxx]...........................................................................................52
RXLEVEL [–20 to +3]......................................................................53
RXMUTE [ON/OFF/Time in msec]..................................................53
RXPAD [ON/OFF]...........................................................................53
RXTOT [NONE, 1-1440] .................................................................53
SCD [0-255]....................................................................................54
SER.................................................................................................54
SHOW [DC/PWR/CURRENT/RADIO] ............................................54
SNR, SNR!...................................................... ... ... .... ... ...................55
SREV..............................................................................................55
STANDBY [ON/OFF].......................................................................56
STAT...............................................................................................56
TEMP..............................................................................................57
TIME [hh:mm:ss].......................................................... ... ... ... .......... 57
TOT [ON/OFF, 1-255] ........ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .......................................58
TX [xxxx].................................. .... ... ... .............................................58
TXGAIN [ON/OFF]............. ... ... .......................................................59
TXLEVEL [–20 to +3, AUTO]..........................................................59
UNIT [10000–65000].......................................................................59
6.4 Configuration and Programming using the Front Panel .................60
Programming and Control Buttons..................................................62
Navigating Through the Front Panel Screens.................................62
Switching the Front Panel Display to Configuration Mode..............63
Use of Control Buttons in Configuration Mode................................63
Changing radio functions...................................... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ...64
6.5 Screen Descriptions .......................................................................64
Group 1—Startup Screen and Menu Directory (page 69)...............64
Group 2—Configuration Screens (Page 69)... ... ... .... ... ... ...... .... ... ...64
Group 3—Diagnostic Screens (Page 78) . .... ... ... ... .... ......................65
Group 4—Event Log (Page 80) ......................................................65
7.0 LOCAL & NETWORK-WIDE PROBLEM SOLVING..............................79
7.1 Local Problem-Solving ................................................................... 80
Front Panel LEDs............................................................................80
Chassis-Mounted LEDs..................................................................81
Problem Solving Using a Connected PC........................................82
Problem Solving Using the Front Panel Display ....................... ... ...82
System Bench Testing Set-up...... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... .............................83
7.2 Performing Network-Wide Radio Diagnostics ................................84
8.0 REPLACING ASSEMBLIES..................................................................86
8.1 Transceiver Board and Power Supply Assemblies ........................86
8.2 Installation & Removal of Backup Battery
(P/N 28-1575Axx) ................................ ... ... ... ..........................................87
8.3 Front Panel .....................................................................................88
8.4 Operating Frequency Change Considerations ............................ ... 89
MDS 4790—400 MHz Notch-Type Duplexers................................90
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iv MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F
MDS 9790—Bandpass-Type Duplexers............... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ...90
MDS 4790/9790 Simplex Radios—With Antenna Switch Modules.91
MDS 4790/970—Front End Helical Coil Alignment.........................91
8.5 Testing and Removing an Internal Duplexer ..................................91
Testing.............................................................................................91
Removing the Internal Duplexer .....................................................92
8.6 Testing and Removing the Antenna Switch Module .... ... ... ... ..........93
Testing.............................................................................................93
Removing the Antenna Switch........................................................94
8.7 Cooling Fan Maintenance .............................................................95
9.0 RADIO SOFTWARE UPGRADES ........................................................95
9.1 Obtaining New Code ......................................................................95
9.2 Preparing for Download .................................................................96
9.3 Downloading New Code—Procedure ............................................96
10.0 TECHNICAL REFERENCE.................................................................97
10.1 Technical Specifications ...............................................................97
10.2 RF Propagation Planning .............................................................99
Fresnel Zone Clearance ...............................................................100
Earth Curvature............................ ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ...........................101
Fade Margins................................................................................101
Calculating Path Loss.............................. .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... ....102
10.3 Formulas for System Planning .................. ................................. 102
Free Space Path Loss...................................................................102
Fresnel Zone Boundary ................................................................102
Theoretical Signal Strength............................. ... ... ........................102
Probability of System Fading........................................................103
10.4 dBm-Volts-Watts Conversion Chart ............................................104
Copyright Notice
This Installation and Operation Guide and all software described herein are protected by copyright: 2008 GE MDS. All rights reserved.
GE MDS reserves its right to correct any errors and omissions in this publication.
Operational Safety Notices
The radio equipment described in this guide uses radio frequency trans­mitters. Although the power level is low, the concentrated energy from a directional antenna may pose a health hazard. Do not allow people to come in close proximity to the front of the antenna when the transmitter is operating.
This manual is intended to guide a professional installer to install, operate, and perform basic system maintenance on the described radio.
RF Exposure
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MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide v
ISO 9001 Registration
GE MDS adheres to this internationally-accepted quality system stan­dard.
Quality Policy Statement
We, the employees of GE MDS, are committed to achieving total cus­tomer satisfaction in everything we do.
Total Customer Satisfaction in:
• Conception, design, manufacture, and marketing of our products.
• Services and support we provide to our internal and external customers.
Total Customer Satisfaction Achieved Through:
• Processes that are well documented and minimize variations.
• Partnering with suppliers who are committed to providing quality and service.
• Measuring our performance against customer expectations and industry leaders.
• Commitment to continuous improvement and employee involvement.
Revision Notice
While every reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this manual, product improvements may result in minor differences between the manual and the product shipped to you. If you have addi­tional questions or need an exact specification for a product, please con­tact our Customer Service Team using the information at the back of this guide. In addition, manual updates can often be found on our Web site at
www.GEmds.com.
Warning—400 MHz Distress Beacons
In the U.S.A., the 406 to 406.1 MHz band is reserved for use by distress beacons. Since the MDS 4790 Series radio can transmit in this band, take precautions to prevent the radio from transmitting between 406 and
406.1 MHz.
ESD Notice
To prevent malfunction or damage to this radio, which may be caused by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), the radio should be properly grounded by connection to the ground stud on the rear panel. In addition, the installer or operator should follow proper ESD precautions, such as touching a grounded bare metal object to dissipate body charge, prior to connecting and disconnecting cables on the front or rear panels.
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vi MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F
Environmental Information
The equipment that you purchased has required the extraction and use of natural resources for its production. Improper disposal may contami­nate the environment and present a health risk due to hazardous sub­stances contained within. To avoid dissemination of these substances into our environment, and to diminish the demand on natural resources, we encourage you to use the appropriate recycling systems for disposal. These systems will reuse or recycle most of the materials found in this equipment in a sound way. Please contact GE MDS or your supplier for more information on the proper disposal of this equipment.
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MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This guide presents installation and operating instructions for the MDS 4790 and MDS 9790 Series Master Station Radio. It begins with an overall description of radio features and is followed by the steps required to install the unit and place it into normal operation.
Additionally, the guide contains troubleshooting tips for resolving system difficulties that you might encounter. After you install the radio, keep this guide near the radio for future reference.
2.0 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The master station radio (Figure 1) is a full-duplex data telemetry radio suitable for use in Multiple Address System (MAS) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) applications. The radio uses microprocessor control and Digital Signal Processing (DSP) technology to provide highly reliable communications even under adverse condi­tions.
The MDS 4790 is intended to be used in systems with compatible MDS 4710 Series remote radios; it operates in the 400 MHz frequency band (380 to 512 MHz for A and C models; 400 to 480 MHz for E models). The MDS 4790S uses an over-the-air data rate of 9600 bps.
The MDS 9790 is used with compatible MDS 9710 Series remote radios, and it operates between 800 and 960 MHz. Radios are available in either a redundant configuration or a non-redundant configuration. Refer to Section 2.2, Redundant versus Non-redundant Operation,
beginning on Page 2 for more information.
Invisible place holder
Figure 1. MDS 4790/9790 Series Master Station
ENTER
ESCAPE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
STBY
ALARM
RX ALR
TX ALR
STBY
ALARM
RX ALR
TX ALR
LINE
LINE
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2 MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F
All assemblies, including the duplexer and power supply, are contained in the radio’s compact (2RU high) enclosure. The radio’s compact size allows it to fit into most existing systems, in either tabletop or rack mounted configurations. Connectors are provided on the rear panel for easy connection of power, antenna, data, alarm, and diagnostic func­tions.
2.1 Network-Wide Diagnostics
Newer GE MDS remote and master station radios, including the MDS 4790/9790 Series, offer network-wide diagnostics capability. Net­work-wide diagnostics communications is a modern, packetized mode that has several advantages over DTMF diagnostics communications (used by older GE MDS radios):
• You can gather diagnostic data over a large radio network with­out disrupting the system communications flow.
• When required, you can increase diagnostics communications speed by actively collecting diagnostic data.
• You can access diagnostic data for each radio in the network from any radio diagnostics port in the network.
• You can broadcast certain messages to all radios in the system simultaneously.
You can use the MDS 4790/9790 Series Master Station to poll remote radios in its radio system for diagnostic data. For more information on the implementation of network-wide diagnostics, refer to the GE MDS Network-wide Diagnostics Handbook (P/N 05-3467A01).
2.2 Redundant versus Non-redundant Operation
A redundant configuration means that the master station has two com­plete transceiver boards and power supplies installed in the enclosure. In the event of a failure in the primary equipment, the controlling logic switches to the stand-by unit. The stand-by transceiver board is con­stantly operating and its operational readiness is monitored. However, the power amplifier in the stand-by board is not operating when it is in stand-by mode.
In a non-redundant configuration, there is only one transceiver board installed in the “A” slot of the enclosure, and back-up transceiver board operation is not possible.
Transceiver boards may be moved from one master station to another, or an additional transceiver board may be added to a non-redundant master station. You do not need to specify redundant or non-redundant operation, or select the active transceiver board. Installing or replacing
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MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide 3
a transceiver board causes the boards to communicate briefly with each other to establish which board will operate as the active board and which operates as the stand-by. For more information, refer to “Transceiver Board and Power Supply Assemblies” on Page 86.
2.3 Applications
The MDS 4790/9790 Series radios are designed for point-to-multipoint data transmission in oil and gas pipeline communications, transactional systems, and telecommunications systems. A MAS network provides communications between a central host computer and remote terminal units (RTUs) or other data collection devices. The operation of the radio system is transparent to the computer equipment.
Basic MAS Master Station Operation
Figure 2 shows a typical point-to-multipoint system using an
MDS 4790/9790 Series master station. This is a basic system consisting of a central master station and several associated remote units.
Figure 2. Typical MAS Network
Repeater and Polling Remote Operation
A MAS system using repeater and polling remote radios is shown in
Figure 3 on Page 4. Notice that the polling remote radio operates in
half-duplex mode and the repeater operates in full-duplex mode. Con­figuring the radio for repeater operation is as simple as typing REPEATER
ON
with a PC connected to the rear panel diagnostic port. Refer to
“DIAGNOSTICS AND CONTROL” on Page 30 for details.
–
I D IA G
13 . 8 VDC
P W
R
+
–
HOST SYSTEM
REMOTE RADIO
SWC OFF
RTU
RTU
RTU
RTU
–
I DI A G
1
3.8 V
D C
PW R
+
–
–
I DI AG
13.8 V
DC
P WR
+
–
–
ID I AG
1 3 .8 VDC
P W
R
+
–
–
I D IAG
13.8 V D C
PW
R
+
–
RTU
MDS MASTER
STA TION
CONTINUOUSLY
KEYED
REMOTE RADIO
SWC OFF
REMOTE RADIO
SWC OFF
REMOTE RADIO
SWC OFF
REMOTE RADIO
SWC OFF
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4 MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F
Figure 3. Typical Repeater and Polling-Remote Network
Simplex and Switched Carrier Operation
System-wide simplex operation is achieved by switching the master sta­tion carrier on to transmit, then off to receive. The same frequency is used for both transmit and receive.
Switched carrier, half-duplex mode works in the same way, except dif- ferent frequencies are used for transmit and receive.
2.4 Features
Reliability is a hallmark of the MDS 4790/9790 design. The radio employs a one-piece transceiver board which minimizes RF losses and eliminates the need for inter-board cabling. This also allows easy plug-in replacement if servicing is necessary.
In addition, the optional redundant version of the radio includes redun­dant transceiver boards and power supply modules that automatically activate if a failure in either of the transceiver boards or power supplies occurs. This ensures continued operation in the event of most trans­ceiver board failures.
The following list highlights many of the radio’s key features. For a full listing of specifications, refer to Section 10.1, Technical Specifications,
beginning on Page 97.
–
I DIAG
13. 8 VD
C
PWR
+
–
HOST SYSTEM
REMOTE RADIO
RTU
RTU
RTU
RTU
–
IDIAG
13 .8 VDC
PWR
+
–
–
IDI A G
1 3 . 8 V
D C
P W
R
+
–
–
I DIAG
13.8 V D C
P WR
+ –
–
I D IA G
13. 8 VD
C
PWR
+
–
RTU
CONTINUOUSLY
KEYED
REMOTE RADIO
REMOTE RADIO
REMOTE RADIO
REMOTE RADIO
POLLING REMOTE
REPEATER
HALF-DUPLEX
SWITCHED CARRIER
TX HIGH RX LOW
TX LOW RX HIGH
TX LOW RX HIGH
TX LOW RX HIG
H
TX LOW RX HIGH
TX LOW RX HIGH
TX LOW RX HIGH
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MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide 5
• Primary power options for: 15, 24, 48, or 125 volt DC and 115/230 volts AC sources.
• Configuration, control, and diagnostics from the front panel dis­play or a connected PC.
• Remote diagnostics using a connected PC and radio software.
• Time stamping of alarms and major events.
• Flexible mounting (rack or tabletop); front panel can be (option­ally) mounted separately from the radio chassis.
2.5 Accessories
You can use the radio with one or more of the accessories listed in
Table 1. Contact the factory for ordering information.
Table 1. Radio Accessories
Option Description Part No.
Diagnostics and Control Software
PC-based software for control, diagnostics, and software upgrades of the radio.
03-3533A01
Diagnostic and Control Interface Cable
Allows connection of a PC to the radio for control and diagnostics (DB-9 to DB-9).
03-2198A17
Front Panel Rack Mounting Kit
Allows rear-rack mounting of the detachable front panel. Used in installations where all controls and indicators must be accessible from the rear of the radio.
03-3228A01
Orderwire Handset Allows orderwire communications with other
stations in the network.
12-1307A01
Cavity Filter Kit (For MDS 9790x)
Removes or attenuates interfering 900 MHz signals from the receiver input. Might be necessary in areas with high powered stations nearby, such as paging transmitters. Available for use with an internal or external duplexer.
03-3621Axx
RF Combiner Panel, 9/24 MHz splits
(MDS 9790x only)
Combines the outputs from two master stations into one antenna. Designed for installations where one master uses a 9 MHz split and the other uses a 24 MHz split.
03-3665Axx
VOX Board Voice-activated transmit board that keys the
transmitter when an audio signal is present on the radio’s audio input pin.
03-1098A02
Lightning Protectors
Polyphaser Surge Protector, IS-50NX-C2, DC blocked, 125 MHz to 1000 MHz, N female connectors, surface (flange) mount
Polyphaser Surge Protector, IS-B50LN-C2, DC blocked, 125 MHz to 1000 MHz, N female connectors, bulkhead mount
97-1680A01
97-1680A05
Redundant Radio Upgrade Kit
Adds an additional transceiver board and power supply to a single-radio chas sis. Operating frequency must be specified when ordering.
Consult Factory
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6 MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F
2.6 Model Number Codes
The radio model number is printed on the serial number label, which is affixed to the radio chassis. The alpha-numeric string describes the unit’s hardware and software configuration as it was shipped from the factory. This model number is an important reference when speaking with, or writing to, the factory for assistance.
3.0 INSTALLATION PLANNING
The installation of the radio is not difficult, but it does require some planning to ensure reliability and efficiency. This section provides tips for selecting an appropriate site, choosing antennas and feedlines, and minimizing the chance of interference. Review this material before beginning equipment installation.
3.1 General Requirements
There are three main requirements for installing the radio—adequate and stable primary power, a good antenna system, and the correct inter­face between the radio and the data device. Figure 4 shows a typical sta­tion arrangement.
Invisible place holder
Figure 4. Typical Station Arrangement
TO INPUT
POWER SOURCE
LOW LOSS
COAXIAL CABLE
OMNIDIRECTIONAL
ANTENNA
HOST COMPUTER
DIAGNOSTICS
COMPUTER
ENTER
ESCAPE
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
STBY
ALARM
RX ALR
TX ALR
STBY
ALARM
RX ALR
TX ALR
LINE
LINE
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MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide 7
Site Selection
For a successful installation, carefully select the site for the master sta­tion and the remote radios. Suitable sites offer:
• An antenna location that provides an unobstructed path to all the remote radios in the system
• A source of adequate and stable primary power
• Suitable entrances for antenna, interface, or other required cabling.
You can quickly determine these requirements in most cases. A possible exception is the first item—verifying that an unobstructed transmission path exists. UHF radio signals travel primarily by line-of-sight, and obstructions between the sending and receiving stations affect system performance.
If you are not familiar with the effects of terrain and other obstructions on radio transmission, the following discussion provides helpful back­ground.
Terrain and Signal Strength
A line-of-sight path between stations is highly desirable and provides the most reliable communications link in all cases. You can often achieve a line-of-sight path by mounting each station antenna on a tower or other elevated structure that raises it high enough to clear surrounding terrain and other obstructions.
The requirement for a clear transmission path depends on the distance covered by the system. If the system covers only a limited distance, say
3.1 miles (5 km), then some obstructions in the transmission path might be acceptable. For longer range systems, any obstruction might compro­mise the performance of the system, or block transmission entirely.
The signal strength at the receiver must exceed the sensitivity limit by an amount known as the fade margin to provide reliable operation under various conditions.
Section 10.2, RF Pr opagation Planning, beginning on Page 99 includes
a detailed discussion of path planning. Review this section before begin­ning an installation. Computer software is also available for this purpose that greatly simplifies the steps involved in planning a path.
On-the-Air Test
If you’ve analyzed the proposed transmission path and feel that it is acceptable, conduct an on-the-air test of the equipment and path. This not only verifies the path study results, but allows you to see firsthand the factors involved at each installation site.
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8 MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F
The test can be performed by installing a radio at each end of the pro­posed link and checking the RSSI value reported at the radio’s front panel display (refer to “Front Panel Indicators” on Page 27). If you do not obtain adequate signal strength, it might be necessary to mount the station antennas higher, use higher gain antennas, or select a different site for one or both stations.
To prepare the equipment for an on-the-air test, follow the general installation and operation procedures given in this guide and become familiar with the operating instructions provided in Section 5.0,
START-UP AND OPERATION, beginning on Page 26.
A Word About Interference
Interference is possible in any radio system. However, since the MDS 4790/9790 Series is designed for use in a licensed system, inter­ference is less likely because geographic location and existing operating frequencies are taken into account when allocating frequencies.
The risk of interference can be further reduced through prudent system design and configuration. Allow adequate separation between frequen­cies and radio systems.
Keep the following points in mind when setting up your radio system:
1. Systems installed in lightly populated areas are least likely to encounter interference; those in urban and suburban environments are more likely to be affected by other devices operating on nearby frequencies.
2. Directional antennas should be used at the remote end of the link. They confine the transmission and reception pattern to a narrow beam, which minimizes interference to and from stations located outside the pattern.
3. If interference is suspected from another system, it might be helpful to use antenna polarization that is opposite to the interfering sys­tem’s antennas. An additional 20 dB (or more) of attenuation to interference can be achieved by using opposite antenna polarization.
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MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide 9
3.2 Antenna and Feedline Selection
Antenna System
The antenna system is perhaps the most crucial part of the system design. An antenna system that uses poor quality feedline, or is improp­erly aligned with the companion site, will result in poor performance or no communication at all.
Generally speaking, an omni-directional antenna (Figure 5) is used at the master station site. This type of antenna provides equal coverage to all of the remote sites. At remote stations, directional antennas such as Yagis, are typically used.
Figure 5. Typical Omnidirectional Antenna for Master Station
(Shown mounted to mast)
Feedline Selection
For maximum performance, use a good-quality feedline to connect the radio to the antenna. For short-range transmission, or where short lengths of cable are used (up to 8 meters [26 feet]), an inexpensive coax cable such as Type RG-213 might be acceptable.
For example, 100 feet (30 meters) of RG-58A/U cable (commonly used for frequencies below 100 MHz) has an insertion loss of 5 dB at 450 MHz. A 5 watt transmitter operating into such a feedline would pro­duce only 1.6 watts at the antenna; a similar loss in receiver sensitivity would result, and no amount of receiver gain can recover the signal lost in the feedline.
Conversely, 100 feet (30 meter) of 1-5/8 inch cable has a loss of 0.52 dB at the same frequency, but its cost is considerably higher than RG-58A/U.
For systems covering short distances, feedline loss is relatively unim­portant, and 6 dB or more of loss might be acceptable. For systems designed for maximum range, however, each dB of loss directly affects signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver. It is good practice to keep feedline
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10 MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F
losses as low as possible and certainly under 3 dB. Remember that for each 3 dB of feedline loss, half the transmitter power is lost, and twice the receive signal power is needed to produce the same signal-to-noise ratio.
The RG-8A/U cable is a widely available and inexpensive feedline that is suitable for systems with short ranges or those with short feedlines. For longer feedlines and lower losses, Andrew HELIAX™ semi-rigid coaxial cable or similar products are a good choice. Table 2 shows the length of various types of cable and the resulting degradation in signal strength.
Mount the antenna and feedline securely to the supporting structure to avoid damage from wind and ice loading. Follow the instructions pro­vided by the antenna and feedline manufacturers to ensure a safe and reliable installation.
4.0 INSTALLATION PROCEDURES
This section presents the steps necessary for installing the radio and con­necting it to associated equipment. After completing these steps, the radio is ready for in-service operation.
Table 2. Feedline Loss Chart (450 MHz)
Cable Type
3.05 Meters (10 Feet)
15.24 Meters (50 Feet)
30.48 Meters (100 Feet)
152.4 Meters (500 Feet)
RG-8A/U 0.51 dB 2.53 dB 5.07 dB 25.35 dB 1/2 in. HELIAX 0.15 dB 0.76 dB 1.51 dB 7.55 dB 7/8 in. HELIAX 0.08 dB 0.42 dB 0.83 dB 4.15 dB 1-1/4 in. HELIAX 0.06 dB 0.31 dB 0.62 dB 3.10 dB 1-5/8 in. HELIAX 0.05 dB 0.26 dB 0.52 dB 2.60 dB
Table 3. Feedline Loss Chart (960 MHz)
Cable Type
3.05 Meters (10 Feet)
15.24 Meters (50 Feet)
30.48 Meters (100 Feet)
152.4 Meters (500 Feet)
RG-8A/U 0.85 dB 4.27 dB 8.54 dB 42.70 dB 1/2 in. HELIAX 0.23 dB 1.15 dB 2.29 dB 11.45 dB 7/8 in. HELIAX 0.13 dB 0.64 dB 1.28 dB 6.40 dB 1-1/4 in. HELIAX 0.10 dB 0.48 dB 0.95 dB 4.75 dB 1-5/8 in. HELIAX 0.08 dB 0.40 dB 0.80 dB 4.00 dB
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MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide 11
4.1 Unpacking and Inspection
Figure 6 shows a typical radio shipment. Check the contents against the
packing list secured to the outside of the shipping box. Accessories and spare parts kits, if any, are wrapped separately. Inspect all items for signs of damage. Save all packing materials in case you need to ship the radio in the future.
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Figure 6. Typical Shipment Contents
4.2 Mounting the Radio
Install the radio in a relatively clean, dust-free environment that allows easy access to the rear panel connectors as well as the front panel con­trols and indicators. Air must pass freely over the heatsink on the rear panel.
Figure 7 on Page 12 shows the mounting dimensions of the radio. Most
commonly, the radio is installed in a 2U/3.5 inch (88.90 mm) rack-mount configuration, but you can also install it in a simple tabletop arrangement if desired.
PC DIAGNOSTICS & CONTROL CD-ROM (OPTIONAL)
RACK-MOUNT BRACKETS (2
)*
A B
ESCAPE
ENTER
INSTALLATION
& OPERATION GUIDE
ADHESIVE FEET (4)*
(For tabletop mounting)
POWER CORD (AC cord shown)
* These items may already be installe
d
on the radio chassis.
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12 MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F
Rack Mounting
To rack-mount the radio, use the supplied mounting brackets (MDS P/N 82-3184A01) to secure the chassis to the rack cabinet. Attach the brackets at any of four points on the sides of the enclosure— front, back, middle facing front, and middle facing back (see Figure 7). This flexibility ensures compatibility with most rack mounting arrange­ments.
Tabletop Mounting
You can place the radio on any sturdy shelf or tabletop that will support its weight. Adhesive-backed rubber feet are provided with the radio for use in tabletop installations. Place the feet under the chassis near each corner to prevent scratching of the mounting surface.
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Figure 7. Mounting Dimensions
Remote Front Panel Mounting—Optional Configuration
If desired, you can detach the front panel from the radio and mount it separately from the radio chassis. This optional kit, MDS P/N 03-3228A01, is intended for rack-mount installations where all connec­tions and control must be performed from the rear of the radio. The Aux­iliary Mounting Plate (P/N 82-3189A01) is included in the kit.
To remove the front panel from the radio and re-mount it to the Auxil­iary Mounting Plate, follow these steps:
1. Detach the front panel from the radio by grasping it firmly along its bottom edge and pulling away from the radio chassis (Figure 8 on
Page 13).
2. Release the modular RJ-11 connector and cable from the back of the panel.
3
.5 inches
(
88.9 mm)
17.2 inches (437 mm)
14.29 inches (363 mm)
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MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide 13
3. Plug the RJ-11 connector into an in-line splice con­nector (P/N 73-1155A09).
4. Plug one end of the RJ-11 to RJ-11 extension cable into the in-line splice connector and the other end into the front of the chassis at the square cut-out.
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Figure 8. Front Panel Removal
5. Snap the front panel onto the Auxiliary Mounting Plate in the same way it was attached to the main radio chassis.
6. Mount the Auxiliary Mounting Plate to the rack cabinet at any con­venient location within reach of the 7-foot cable (P/N 03-2198A04) supplied in the kit.
7. Attach the extension cable between the front panel modular connec­tor and the in-line splice connector on the radio chassis.
4.3 Primary Power
You can power the radio from a variety of standard AC and DC power sources ranging between 15 and 125 Vdc, or 115/230 Vac. The nominal input voltage is marked on the module at the rear of the radio or external power supply unit. See “Technical Specifications” on Page 97 for allow­able voltage ranges.
Before connecting a primary power source to the radio, verify that the source voltage matches the power supply’s operating range and type of service (AC or DC). Improper voltages (continuous or transient) might damage the equipment.
A
CAUTION
POSSIBLE
EQUIPMENT
DAMAGE
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14 MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F
Redundant units have two identical internal or external power supplies depending on the option chosen when the order was placed. Non-redun­dant units have only one internal or external power supply. The 15 Vdc models have an interface panel and switch on the chassis, but no internal supply.
AC-Powered Units
AC-powered radios are designed to operate from 115 to 230 Vac (50-60 Hz). The supply automatically adjusts to match either standard voltage. However, the supply voltage must be between 90 and 132 Vac, or 180 to 264 Vac. Operation outside these two ranges might cause damage to the power supply. A North American-style AC power cord is supplied with these units. Figure 13 on Page 18 shows the AC power supply module’s receptacle and switch. Table 4 provides details for the AC power supply module’s replaceable fuse.
DC-Powered Units
Internal Units Figure 9 shows a rear view of in internal DC power supply. Connection
to the power supply is made with a three-conductor plug-in terminal strip (Phoenix connector P/N 73-1194A22). The radio operates in either a positive or negative-ground configuration. The center pin of the chassis connector is not connected within the radio.
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Figure 9. Rear View of Master Station, DC Power Input
External Units
External DC-power supplies are available as an option (Figure 10 on
Page 15). Two DC-to-DC power inverters are provided on an open rack
shelf. Each inverter is protected from dust and debris by a clear plastic cover.
Table 4. AC Power Supply Module Fuse
Part Description Part No.
Replaceable Fuse on AC Power Supply Module
Fuse, 5x20mm Glass 3.15A 250V 29-2130A06
Replaceable Fuse on Battery Control Assembly
Fuse, 3AG Fast .25x1.25 250V 1A 29-1064A06
ON/OFF SWITCH
DC POWER INPUT
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MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide 15
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Figure 10. Typical Rack-Mounted External DC Power Supply
(with dual supplies)
4.4 Backup Battery
A single backup battery is normally installed in AC-powered master sta­tions. To prevent battery discharge during shipment, the radio’s internal Battery Backup switch is set to OFF at the factory. Set this switch to ON during installation to activate the radio’s battery-backup feature.
Location of Battery Backup Switch
The BATTERY BACKUP control switch is located behind the front panel to enable and disable the internal back-up battery. Access the switch by removing the front panel (see Figure 11 on Page 16).
To remove the front panel, grasp it firmly along its bottom edge and pull it away from the radio chassis (see Figure 8 on Page 13). Set the front panel aside, using care not to damage the interconnecting cable.
In most cases, the radio begins transmitting as soon as power is applied. Be sure that a proper load is attached to the radio’s RF output connector before applying battery or mains power.
If AC power is disconnected, or the rear panel AC power switches are set to OFF, the radio continues to operate on battery power until the battery discharges (approximately 1 hour). When shipping or storing the radio, always set the
BATTERY BACKUP switch to OFF to prevent discharge.
CAUTION
POSSIBLE
EQUIPMENT
DAMAGE
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16 MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F
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Figure 11. Battery Backup Switch Location
(Front Panel Removed)
Low-Voltage Disconnect Feature
The Low-Voltage Disconnect Assembly contains a low-voltage discon­nect circuit. This circuit prevents damage caused when the backup bat­tery drops below 10.65 volts, such as during an extended AC power outage.
When the back-up battery voltage drops to 10.65 Volts (± 0.2 V), the low-voltage disconnect circuit automatically disconnects the battery from the radio. This stops operation of the radio and protects the battery from potential damage. When AC power returns, the battery is automat- ically connected to the power supply for re-charging, and the radio resumes normal operation.
Battery Reset Switch (SW1/LVD PCB)
Normally, the operation of the Low-Voltage Disconnect Assembly is fully-automatic. The only exception is when replacing a discharged bat­tery with a charged battery when AC power is not present. In this case, it is necessary to press the
BATTERY RESET SWITCH SW1 on the
OFF ON
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MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide 17
Low-Voltage Disconnect Assembly after installing the new battery (see Figure 12). Use a pen or other pointed object to press the switch. This enables the radio to operate until the new battery is dis­charged or the AC power is restored.
Figure 12. Location of Battery Reset Switch
NOTE: For replacement of a backup battery, refer to “Installation &
Removal of Backup Battery (P/N 28-1575Axx)” on Page 87.
4.5 Antenna Installation
Follow the antenna manufacturer’s instructions for proper installation of the antenna. Using the proper mounting hardware and bracket ensures a secure mounting arrangement with no pattern distortion or detuning of the antenna.
Regardless of the antenna brand, mount the antenna as far away as pos­sible from obstructions such as buildings, metal objects, and dense foliage. Choose a location that provides a clear path in the direction of the associated stations.
NOTE: Strong fields near the antenna can interfere with the operation
of low-level circuits and change the values of the received data. For this reason, mount the antenna at least 10 feet (3 meters) from the radio and other electronic equipment.
Feedline Installation
Use a low-loss feedline with the radio. See “Antenna and Feedline
Selection” on Page 9 for suggestions on choosing the correct feedline
for your installation. Whatever cable is used, keep it as short as possible to minimize signal losses.
Battery Reset Switch
(See Text)
Duplexer
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18 MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F
When installing the feedline, do not kink, twist, or stretch the cable. After installation, fasten the cable securely to the antenna tower or other supporting structure.
A Type-N connector is required to connect the feedline to the radio. Install the feedline connectors in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for weather­proofing connectors that will be installed outdoors.
If large-diameter, semi-rigid coaxial cable is used for the feedline, insert a short length of 1/4 inch Superflex
TM
Cable (MDS P/N 97-1677A28) or other low-loss flexible cable between the radio and the feedline. This flexible interface eliminates tight bends in the feedline and reduces stresses on the feedline and connectors. The flexible section also allows you to mount the radio slides, and to pull it out without stressing the transmission line.
4.6 Interface Wiring Connections
Make all connections to the master station at the rear panel (see
Figure 13). Refer to the following descriptions for specific information
on these connections.
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Figure 13. Master Station Rear Panel
TX, Antenna, and RX Coaxial Connectors (Type-N)
These are for connection to the station antenna, or external equipment such as a duplexer or cavity filter. The connectors present depend on whether the radio was shipped for operation with these external devices.
Application # 1— No External Devices
The most common arrangement of the master station is to connect directly to the antenna system. In such cases, only the
ANT connector is
present and the other coaxial connector holes are plugged. Figure 14 on
Page 19 shows a direct antenna connection.
OPTIONAL POWER SUPPLY
(Redundant Models)
ADDITIONAL HEATSINK
(Redundant Models)
HEATSINK
RADIO A
RADIO B
J10 ALARM
J2
4-WIRE AUDIO
J9
RJ-11
ORDERWIRE
J1
DIAGNOSTICS
(DB-9)
Power Supply
POWER ON/OFF
POWER
INPUT
TX*
J3
DATA
(DB-25)
RX*
ANT
Ground Lug (Hidden)
* Present when external duplexer or cavity filter is supplied. Otherwise, holes are plugged. See text.
Present when internal duplexer is supplied
.
Otherwise, hole is plugged. See text.
†
†
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MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide 19
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Figure 14. Antenna Connection with Internal Duplexer
(Most common arrangement)
Application #2— External Duplexer
This arrangement is used in systems where the duplexer is mounted externally to the radio. The radio’s
TX and RX ports are the only connec-
tors present, and they connect to the duplexer as shown in Figure 15. Contact the factory for duplexer ordering information.
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Figure 15. Antenna Connection with External Duplexer
Application #3— External Cavity Filter
In some areas, interference from strong signals such as paging transmit­ters might require using a cavity filter. A cavity filter is an exter­nally-mounted device tuned to the frequency of an interfering signal. It removes or greatly attenuates the unwanted signal before it is detected by the master station receiver. Contact the factory for filter ordering information.
Because the cavity filter must be installed inline between the master sta­tion receiver and the station antenna, the cabling arrangement in
Figure 16 on Page 20 is required.
ANT
Master Station
RX
Master Station
TX
Ext. Duplexer
RX TX
ANT
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20 MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F
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Figure 16. Antenna Connection with External Cavity Filter
Application #4— External Duplexer and/or Cavity Filter on units shipped prior to June 1, 2000.
On units shipped prior to June 1, 2000, a maximum of two coaxial con­nectors are included on the rear panel. If only one connector is present, it connects directly to the antenna as shown in Figure 14 on Page 19.
If the radio is equipped for use with an external duplexer, a second con­nector is included (Figure 17). In this case, the right connector acts as the transmit output (to the duplexer), and the left connector acts as the receive input (from the duplexer).
Figure 18 on Page 21 shows the required cable connections between the
radio and an external duplexer (and cavity filter, if required).
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Figure 17. Coaxial Connectors for Older Radios
(For units intended to operate with an external duplexer)
RX
Master Station
TX
Cavity Filter
IN OUT
ANT
OPTIONAL POWER SUPPLY
(Redundant Models)
ADDITIONAL HEATSINK
(Redundant Models)
RADIO A
RADIO B
RX in (from Duplexer) TX out (to Duplexer)
This view applies only to units shipped prior to June 1, 2000
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MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide 21
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Figure 18. RF Interconnections for Older Units
(For units intended to operate with
External Duplexer and/or Cavity Filter)
Ground Connection
A chassis grounding screw is located on the plate directly above the coaxial connectors. Use this screw to connect the chassis to an Earth (safety) ground, or other suitable grounding bus for the communications system. The ground lead should be kept as short as possible.
Connect all rack equipment and associated hardware grounds to the building’s ground system at the breaker panel for the primary power. The objective is to create a single-point ground system.
Do not overlook providing a good ground connection for the equipment attached to the DATA PORT to prevent damage.
Finally, use lightning protectors where the antenna transmission lines enter the building; bond them to the tower ground, if it is nearby.
Diagnostics Connector—J1
A DB-9 (9-pin) connector on the rear panel provides system diagnostics information. The
DIAGNOSTIC PORT is used to control and perform
diagnostics on the radio system from a connected computer. The com­munication speed between the computer and radio autobauds at 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, or 38400 bps.
Figure 19 on Page 22 shows the EIA-574 (9-pin EIA-232) pin functions
of the
DIAGNOSTIC PORT as viewed from the radio’s rear panel. Con-
nection to J1 can be made with a DB-9 male connector, available from many electronics distributors.
RX
Master Station
TX
Cavity Filter
IN OUT
Ext. Duplexer
RX
TX
ANT
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22 MDS 4790/9790 Series I/O Guide MDS 05-3438A01, Rev. F
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Figure 19. Diagnostics Port Connector, J1
4-Wire Audio Connector—J2
J2 is a plug-in terminal strip that provides connections for 4-wire audio circuits. Figure 20 shows the function of each terminal as viewed from the rear panel.
Terminals 1 and 2 are for transmit audio input with a nominal 600 Ω impedance. Terminals 3 and 4 provide a receive audio output with a nominal 600 Ω impedance. Pins 5 and 6 provide an external keying source. Shorting pins 5 and 6 keys the radio.
Refer to Figure 22 on Page 24 for information on connecting the radio to a VOX assembly.
Figure 20. 4-Wire Audio Connector, J2
PIN 2— RXD
PIN 3— TXD
PIN 4— +5 Vdc
PIN 5— GROUND
PIN 7— RTS*
* Used when reprogramming the radio firmware with a PC
.
UNUSED UNUSEDUNUSED
UNUSED
RECEIVE AUDIO
600 OHM
4123 5 6
TRANSMIT AUDIO
600 OHM
EXTERNAL KEYLINE
(GROUND TO KEY RADIO)
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