GE ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual

GE Healthcare

ImageQuant™ LAS 4000

User Manual

Table of Contents

51 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................

51.1 Important user information ............................................................................................................................................

102 The ImageQuant LAS 4000 .............................................................................................................................

102.1 The ImageQuant LAS 4000 exterior ...........................................................................................................................

112.2 Inside the ImageQuant LAS 4000 ................................................................................................................................

122.3 Connections ...........................................................................................................................................................................

142.4 Parts and accessories .......................................................................................................................................................

173 Exchanging accessory parts ..........................................................................................................................

173.1 Changing or installing a filter .........................................................................................................................................

183.2 Installing or exchanging the lens .................................................................................................................................

193.2.1 Removing the LAS High Sens. lens ............................................................................................................................

223.2.2 Installing the LAS High Sens. lens ..............................................................................................................................

243.2.3 Removing the wide view lens ......................................................................................................................................

253.2.4 Installing the wide view lens ........................................................................................................................................

273.3 Changing the light sources .............................................................................................................................................

283.3.1 Changing the UV transilluminator or white light table .....................................................................................

293.3.2 Changing the Epi lights ...................................................................................................................................................

324 Operating the ImageQuant LAS 4000 ..........................................................................................................

324.1 Layout of the ImageQuant LAS 4000 Control Software ....................................................................................

334.2 Preparation for exposure .................................................................................................................................................

344.3 Calibration ..............................................................................................................................................................................

344.4 Placing the sample .............................................................................................................................................................

374.5 Exposing chemiluminescent samples .......................................................................................................................

424.6 Exposing fluorescent samples (EtBr) ..........................................................................................................................

474.7 Exposing fluorescence (Epi illumination) ..................................................................................................................

514.8 Exposing dye stained samples and films (White Epi light) ...............................................................................

554.9 Exposing dye stained samples and films (Trans illumination) ........................................................................

594.10 Exposing consecutively (Increment) ...........................................................................................................................

644.11 Exposing repeatedly (Repetition) ..................................................................................................................................

694.12 Printing exposed images .................................................................................................................................................

704.13 Saving exposed images ...................................................................................................................................................

724.14 Ending the session ..............................................................................................................................................................

734.15 Exposing large sample using wide view lens .........................................................................................................

784.16 Creating a new method and performing flat frame calibration ...................................................................

805 Software reference guide ...............................................................................................................................

805.1 Exposure type .......................................................................................................................................................................

815.2 Exposure time .......................................................................................................................................................................

825.3 Add digitization image ......................................................................................................................................................

835.4 Program settings .................................................................................................................................................................

845.5 Focusing ..................................................................................................................................................................................

855.6 Start ...........................................................................................................................................................................................

ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB 3

Table of Contents

905.7 Sensitivity/Resolution ........................................................................................................................................................

915.8 Method/Tray position ........................................................................................................................................................

945.9 File menu .................................................................................................................................................................................

955.10 Edit menu ................................................................................................................................................................................

1035.11 View menu ..............................................................................................................................................................................

1045.12 Option menu ..........................................................................................................................................................................

1045.12.1 CCD Calibration ..................................................................................................................................................................

1055.12.2 Flat Frame Calibration ....................................................................................................................................................

1065.12.3 Method Setting ...................................................................................................................................................................

1075.13 Help menu ..............................................................................................................................................................................

1096 Installing ImageQuant LAS 4000 Control Software ...................................................................................

1096.1 Installation sequence ........................................................................................................................................................

1096.2 Install ImageQuant LAS 4000 Control Software under Windows XP ..........................................................

1136.3 Install ImageQuant LAS 4000 Control Software under Windows Vista .....................................................

1187 Uninstalling and upgrading ImageQuant LAS 4000 Control Software ..................................................

1208 After-sales service ...........................................................................................................................................

1208.1 Warranty .................................................................................................................................................................................

1208.2 Repairs .....................................................................................................................................................................................

121A Appendix ............................................................................................................................................................

121A.1 Glossary ...................................................................................................................................................................................

122A.2 Quick-reference functions ...............................................................................................................................................

125A.3 Detection Reagents and corresponding settings ................................................................................................

127A.4 Main specifications .............................................................................................................................................................

132A.5 Minimum computer requirements ..............................................................................................................................

133A.6 Service report fax sheet ...................................................................................................................................................

4 ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB

Table of Contents

1 Introduction

The ImageQuant LAS 4000

The ImageQuant LAS 4000 is a camera system for producing digital images of gel or membrane samples
or films. It is used together with the ImageQuant LAS 4000 Control Software to:

•

Expose chemiluminescent samples or membranes.

•

Expose fluorescent samples using epi (incident) or trans (transmitted) light sources, for example
gels stained by ethidium bromide (EtBr).

The ImageQuant LAS 4000 can be supplied with NIR, Red, Green, Blue and UV epi lights.

•

Expose dye-stained gels and membranes or films using epi or trans illumination.

•

Expose a sample repeatedly, incrementally or by programming exposure schemes.

Purpose of this manual

The ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual provides detailed instructions on using the ImageQuant LAS
4000 and outlines the functions of the ImageQuant LAS 4000 Control Software.

Note:

Be sure to refer also to the manual Getting Started with ImageQuant LAS 4000 for
regulatory information, specifications and the troubleshooting guide.

1.1 Important user information

Read this before using the ImageQuant LAS 4000

All users must read the safety instructions in Getting started with ImageQuant LAS 4000 before installing,
using or maintaining the equipment.

Do not operate the ImageQuant LAS 4000 in any other way than described in the user documentation.
Otherwise, you may be exposed to hazards that can lead to personal injury and you may cause damage
to the equipment .

ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB 5

1 Introduction

Intended use

The ImageQuant LAS 4000 is a camera system that produces digital images of chemiluminescent,
dyed or fluorescent gels and membranes. The ImageQuant LAS 4000 is intended for research use only,
and shall not be used in any clinical procedures, or for diagnostic purposes.

Safety notices

The user documentation contains WARNINGS, CAUTIONS and NOTICES concerning the safe use of the
product. See definitions below.

Warnings

WARNING

WARNING indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could resultin death

or serious injury. It is important not to proceed until all stated conditions are met
and clearly understood.

Cautions

CAUTION
CAUTION indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor

or moderate injury. It is important not to proceed until all stated conditions are met
and clearly understood.

Notices

NOTICE
NOTICE indicates instructions that must be followed to avoid damage to the product

or other equipment .

Regulations and standards - supplementary
information

This equipment conforms to the regulations and standards described below.

EMC

VCCI Class A Conformance

FCC Part 15B Class A

ICES-003 Class A

IEC 61326-1: 2005

EN 61326-1: 2006

6 ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB

1 Introduction

1.1 Important user information

Safety

UL61010-1: second edition

CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1, second edition

IEC61010-1: 2001, second edition

IEC61010-2-081, first edition

EN 61010-1: 2001

EN 61010-2-081: 2002

Laser

USA 21 CFR, Chapter I, Subchapter J, Part 1040.10 Laser Products

IEC 60825-1: 2001

EN 60825-1: 1994+A11: 1996+A2: 2001

CE

LV Directive 2006/95/EC (as amended)

EMC Directive 2004/108/EC (as amended)

Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC

Note:

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in
a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio
frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual,
may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment
in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be
required to correct the interference at his own expense.

This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. Cet appareil numérique
de la classe A conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.

Note:

This is a class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio
interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.

Information for traceability

GE HealthcareManufacturer:

See back coverContact information:

Power cable

1

In Japan and North America:

Do not use cables other than the power cable that comes with the equipment.

2

In EU countries:

The cable is given the following CEE Certification Number.

116773 ASCDEMKO6522-1570-8035/AIGVDE

93.6830.04-KCS/LBKEMA9449029SEMKO

8652CEBECP94102620NEMKO

0204-515-00OVE179615-02EI (FIMKO)

ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB 7

1 Introduction

1.1 Important user information

Mercury-containing products label

CAUTION

Ultraviolet ray lamps in this product contain mercury, which must be
recycled or disposed of in accordance with local, state, or federal laws.

LED safety

This product is categorized as a class 1 laser (LED) device (IEC60825-1+A2:2001).

LED light sources

Class 1Wavelength 630nmRed Epi light

Class 1Wavelength 520nmGreen Epi light

Class 1Wavelength 460nmBlue Epi light

Wavelength 630,RGB module

Class 1520 and 460nm

Class 1MWavelength 365nmUV Epi light

Class 1Wavelength 710nmNIR Epi light

Class 1Wavelength 470-740nmWhite Epi light

CAUTION

Do not look at the light directly through optical instruments.

CAUTION

If the door is opened and the interlock is cancelled, class 1 laser (LED) will be emitted.

CAUTION

Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those
specified in the user documentation may result in hazardous radiation exposure.

Notes and tips

Note:

A Note is used to indicate information that is important for trouble-free and optimal use
of the product .

TIP:

A tip contains useful information that can improve or optimize your procedures.

8 ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB

1 Introduction

1.1 Important user information

Typographical conventions

Software items are identified in the text by bold italic text . A colon separates menu levels, thus File:Open
refers to the Open command in the File menu. Hardware items are identified in the text by bold text
(e.g., Power switch).

ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB 9

1 Introduction

1.1 Important user information

2 The ImageQuant LAS 4000

This chapter describes the features and part names of the ImageQuant LAS 4000 hardware, and the
connectors that connect the various parts of the equipment.

2.1 The ImageQuant LAS 4000 exterior

6

7

1

2

3

4
5

DescriptionNamePart

CCD cooling and image data outputCamera head1

Status lightsIndicator panel2

Lights when the power is onPower LED3

Lights when an exposure is in progressBusy LED4

Lights when an error is detectedError LED5

Power ONI

Power OFFO

Power switch6

Dark boxIntelligent dark box (IDX)7

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2 The ImageQuant LAS 4000

2.2 Inside the ImageQuant LAS 4000

1

2

3

5

6

7

8

4

9

DescriptionNamePart

Connects the epi light to the IDXEpi light connector1

NIR Epi light (710 nm)Epi light source2

Red Epi light (630 nm)

Green Epi light (520 nm)

Blue Epi light (460 nm)

RGB Module (Epi light with red, green and blue LEDs)

UV Epi light (365 nm)

White Epi light

Supports the sampleSample tray3

Moves the sample to the selected tray positionLifting table4

F0.85/43 mm LAS High Sens. lens, orLens5

F1.8/24 mm wide view lens

Connects lens to IDXLens connector6

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2 The ImageQuant LAS 4000

2.2 Inside the ImageQuant LAS 4000

DescriptionNamePart

Used to hold filters selected in the control software. The follow­ing filters are commonly used:

Automatic filter changer7

IR785 Alexa (filter for NIR LED)

R670 Cy5 (filter for red LED)

575DF20 Cy3 (filter for green LED)

605DF40 EtBr (filter for detecting EtBr)

510DF10 (filter for detecting GFP)

Y515 (filter for blue LED)

L41 UV (filter for UV LED)

Connects the UV transilluminator or White light table to IDXTrans light source connec-

tor

8

312 nm UV transilluminatorTrans light source9

White light table

Note:

Do not use connectors other than those supplied for the Epi light sources.

Note:

Do not connect cables other than those supplied to the lens.

Note:

Do not connect anything other than the transmitted light sources to the transmitted light
source connector.

2.3 Connections

Camera head

2

1

NameNo.

Camera cable1

USB cable2

Note:

Do not connect cables other than the camera cable supplied with the equipment.

12 ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB

2 The ImageQuant LAS 4000

2.2 Inside the ImageQuant LAS 4000

Note:

Do not disconnect the camera cable other than when removing the camera head.

LAS High Sens. lens

High Sens. lens cable

A cable used for connecting the LAS High Sens. lens and the IDX.
Make sure that the cable is securely connected.

Note:

•

Never remove the cable except when replacing the lens.

•

Be sure to turn off the equipment before replacing the lens.

Epi lights

Connector on Epi light source

Figure 2.1: Incident (Epi) light source
connector (rear)

The Epi light sources illuminate the object to be imaged from the
upper right and upper left.

The connector is connected to the Epi light source connector inside
the IDX.

Epi light source connector

Figure 2.2: Inside the instrument

A connector used for connecting the Epi light source. Power is
supplied to the Epi light source through this connector.

Note:

•

The Epi light sources for the right and left sides are different. Attach the appropriate
source on respective sides.

•

The connector will be connected when the Epi light source is inserted. Make sure
that the connector is securely connected. See Section3.3.2 Changing the Epi lights,

on page 29.

•

Be sure to use Epi light sources of the same type for the right and left sides other­wise an incorrect image will be obtained.

•

Do not insert any connector other than those for the Epi light sources.

ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB 13

2 The ImageQuant LAS 4000

2.3 Connections

USB cable

USB cable

Analysis PC ImageQuant LAS 4000

Connects ImageQuant LAS 4000
and the analysis PC. Read data will
be sent from ImageQuant LAS 4000
to the analysis PC through the USB
cable. USB 2.0 is supported.

Connect one end with the Image­Quant LAS 4000 camera head USB
connector, and the other to a USB
port of the analysis PC.

Note:

•

Use the USB cable supplied with the equipment.

•

Do not connect the instrument and the PC via a USB hub.

•

Do not connect USB equipment other than ImageQuant LAS 4000 to the PC. Simi­larly, do not use other USB equipment connected to the PC while ImageQuant LAS
4000 is in use. This may result in the loss of image data.

•

The PC must be certified according to UL60950-1 (UL listed) and IEC60950-1.

2.4 Parts and accessories

F0.85 43mm LAS high sensitivity lens

Epi tray

14 ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB

2 The ImageQuant LAS 4000

2.3 Connections

Cal plate GR (Pink)

Cal plate DI

Cal plate FL (Green)

NP tray

White trans tray

UV trans tray

White light table

Gel sheet

UV transilluminator

F-mount adapter

F1.8 24mm wide view lens

ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB 15

2 The ImageQuant LAS 4000

2.4 Parts and accessories

Green Epi light (520 nm), set of twoBlue Epi light (460 nm), set of two

Red Epi light (630nm), set of two

RGB module, Epi lights, set of two

NIR Epi light (710 nm), set of twoUV Epi light (365 nm), set of two

Filters:

Y515 filter (Y515)

GFP detection filter (510DF10/GFP)

EtBr detection filter (605DF40/EtBr)

Cy3 detection filter (575DF20/Cy3)

Cy5 detection filter (R670BP/Cy5)

Alexa Fluor 750 detection filter (IR785/Alexa)

Ultraviolet protection filter (L41/UV)

Note:

•

The combined accessories and light source vary depending on the system that you
purchase.

•

Make sure to retain the caps and filter cases.

•

Store the incident (Epi) light sources in a container box.

•

The UV trans tray will degrade after many UV illuminations. It can be used up to
approximately 1000 times if each exposure time is 1 second. New trays can be
purchased separately.

16 ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB

2 The ImageQuant LAS 4000

2.4 Parts and accessories

3 Exchanging accessory parts

3.1 Changing or installing a filter

Optical filters are installed in the filter turret localted under the lens inside the IDX. This section describes
how to install or change a filter on the filter turret.

Install a filter in the filter turrent and register it in the ImageQuant LAS 4000 Control Software as follows:

3

2, 5

6

4

1

Ensure that the camera head and PC are connected. Turn on the instrument and the PC, and start
the ImageQuant LAS 4000 Control Software.

2

Close the instrument door

ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB 17

3 Exchanging accessory parts

3

Select Filter Customization in the Option menu in the ImageQuant LAS 4000 Control Software
main window.

4

Click the Filter down button.

The filter changer is lowered.

5

Open the instrument door.

6

Turn the filter changer so the desired position is easily accessible. If a filter is already in place at
this position, unscrew it carefully and put it back in its cover.

7

Screw the new filter into place.

8

Select the appropriate filter from the drop-down list and click the OK button.

Note:

The filter changer returns to the original position when you click the Start, Focusing or
Method/Tray position buttons.

3.2 Installing or exchanging the lens

Two lenses can be used with the ImageQuant LAS 4000, an F0.85 43mm LAS High Sens. lens, and an
optional F1.8 24mm wide view lens. The wide view lens can image samples up to 250 x 250 mm in size.
For all other applications, the LAS High Sens. lens is recommended. This section describes how to install
or exchange the lenses.

18 ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB

3 Exchanging accessory parts

3.1 Changing or installing a filter

F1.8 24mm wide view lensF0.85 43mm LAS High Sens. lens

3.2.1 Removing the LAS High Sens. lens

1

Close the instrument door. If the power is turned off and the filter changer is down, proceed to step

4.

2

Select Option:Lens Exchange.

A message is displayed.

3

Click OK.

4

Turn off the instrument using the power switch.

ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB 19

3 Exchanging accessory parts

3.2 Installing or exchanging the lens

3.2.1 Removing the LAS High Sens. lens

5

Loosen and remove the lens hood, then place the lens cap over the lens.

Lens hood

Lens cap

6

Disconnect the lens cable connector by rotating the knurling ring.

Connector of the lens cable

Knurling ring

7

Turn the lens slightly to the left and loosen it while pushing the lens release lever.

Lens release lever

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3 Exchanging accessory parts

3.2 Installing or exchanging the lens

3.2.1 Removing the LAS High Sens. lens

8

Rotate the lens to the left by 45 degrees.

The lens comes off downward.

Note:

Hold the lens with both hands so as to prevent the lens guide from being damaged.

9

Take out the lens slowly along the lens guide toward you.

10

Place the end cap on.

End cap

ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB 21

3 Exchanging accessory parts

3.2 Installing or exchanging the lens

3.2.1 Removing the LAS High Sens. lens

Note:

•

Be sure to put the high-sensitivity lens sideways and lower it gently when placing it
on the desk. Placing the lens downward may affect the mechanical precision of the
lens barrel.

•

Make sure that the filter changer has come down far enough to make room for
replacing the lens.

•

Do not let the high-sensitivity lens hang on the lens guide. The lens may fall causing
injury or damage.

•

The high sensitivity lens weighs 4.5 kg. Be careful when handling it.

3.2.2 Installing the LAS High Sens. lens

1

Close the instrument door.If the power is turned off and the filter changer is down, proceed to step

4.

2

Select Option:Lens Exchange....

A message is displayed.

Click OK.

3

Turn off the instrument using the power switch.

4

Remove the end cap from the lens.

5

Insert the lens along the lens guide with the red points facing towards you.

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3 Exchanging accessory parts

3.2 Installing or exchanging the lens

3.2.1 Removing the LAS High Sens. lens

Red
points

6

Raise the lens into position and rotate it clockwise to lock in position.

7

Connect the lens cable.

Turn the knurling ring until it is securely fixed.

Connector of the lens cable

Knurling ring

Note:

Be sure to connect the lens cable. Otherwise, the high sensitivity lens cannot be
recognized. This may cause malfunction of the equipment .

ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB 23

3 Exchanging accessory parts

3.2 Installing or exchanging the lens

3.2.2 Installing the LAS High Sens. lens

8

Remove the lens cap.

Lens cap

9

Install the lens hood.

Lens hood

3.2.3 Removing the wide view lens

1

Close the instrument door. If the power is turned off and the filter changer is down, proceed to step

4.

2

Select Option:Lens Exchange....

24 ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB

3 Exchanging accessory parts

3.2 Installing or exchanging the lens

3.2.2 Installing the LAS High Sens. lens

A message is displayed.

Click OK.

3

Turn off the instrument using the power switch.

4

Remove the F-mount adapter and lens while pushing the release button provided on the lens.

5

Remove the wide view lens together with the F-mount adapter by rotating it.

6

Remove the lens hood from the lens.

7

Place the lens cap on.

8

Place the end cap on the lens and the cap on the F-mount adapter.

3.2.4 Installing the wide view lens

1

Close the instrument door. If the power is turned off and the filter changer is down, proceed to step

4.

2

Select Option:Lens Exchange....

ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB 25

3 Exchanging accessory parts

3.2 Installing or exchanging the lens

3.2.3 Removing the wide view lens

A message is displayed.

Click OK.

3

Turn off the instrument using the power switch.

4

Remove the cap attached to the F-mount adapter by turning it to the right.

F-mount adapter

5

Remove the end cap from the wide view lens.

6

Align the White point mark of the F-mount adapter with the lens mark and turn to lock them together.
Hold the lens so that the red point is towards you.

F-mount adapter

Wide view lens

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3 Exchanging accessory parts

3.2 Installing or exchanging the lens

3.2.4 Installing the wide view lens

7

Fix the lens in position be turning it to the right.

8

Remove the lens cap.

9

Placel the lens hood on the lens.

Lens hood

3.3 Changing the light sources

Both trans (transmitted) and epi (incident) light sources are available for exposure with the ImageQuant
LAS 4000. This section describes how to change both types of light source.

The following table summarizes the properties of the various light sources.

Peak wavelengthNameType

312 nmUV transilluminator

Transmitted

-White light table

ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB 27

3 Exchanging accessory parts

3.2 Installing or exchanging the lens

3.2.4 Installing the wide view lens

Peak wavelengthNameType

365 nmUV Epi light

Incident

460 nmBlue Epi light

520 nmGreen Epi light

630 nmRed Epi light

460nm orRGB module (3-color Epi light)

520nm or

630 nm

710 nmNIR Epi light

-White Epi light

3.3.1 Changing the UV transilluminator or white light table

The UV transilluminator and white light table are exchanged as follows:

1

If neither the UV transilluminator or white light table are currently in place inside the instrument ,
proceed to step 4.

2

Turn the lever holding the light source to unlock it.

3

Pull out the light source carefully along the guide while holding it with both hands.

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3 Exchanging accessory parts

3.3 Changing the light sources

3.3.1 Changing the UV transilluminator or white light table

4

Push the desired light source in along the guide at the bottom of the IDX.

5

Turn the lever at the front to lock the light source into position.

3.3.2 Changing the Epi lights

This section describes how to change a set of Epi lights. The RGB module Epi lights are also installed
as described here.

Note:

The tray should be at tray position 4 before installing Epi lights. If the tray is higher, then
it should be lowered to tray position 4 using the ImageQuant LAS 4000 Control Software
before attaching the lights, as described below.

Hook

Latch

Epi light base

1

If the tray is at Tray position 4, proceed to step 3. Otherwise, close the IDX door.

2

Click on Method/Tray position, set Tray position to 4, and click the OK button.

3

Open the IDX door. If no Epi light is currently in place inside the instrument, proceed to step 7.

ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB 29

3 Exchanging accessory parts

3.3 Changing the light sources

3.3.1 Changing the UV transilluminator or white light table

4

Spring up the latch to unlock the Epi light.

5

Holding the latch with one hand, remove the Epi light by pulling it gently outwards.

6

Lift up and remove the Epi light .

7

Before installing the new Epi light, ensure that the latch is sprung open (upwards).

30 ImageQuant LAS 4000 User Manual 28-9607-42 AB

3 Exchanging accessory parts

3.3 Changing the light sources

3.3.2 Changing the Epi lights