GE
Security
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet
Managed Switch User Manual
P/N 1069182 • REV 1.0 • ISS 23FEB10
Copyright
Disclaimer
Trademarks and patents
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Regulatory information N4131
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© 2010 GE Security, Inc.
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Content
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Package Contents 2
Product Description 2
Product Features 4
Product Specifications 7
Chapter 2 Installation 11
Hardware Description 11
Switch Installation 16
Chapter 3 Switch Management 23
Requirements 23
Management Access Overview 24
Web Browser Management 25
SNMP-Based Network Management 28
The Administration Console 28
Direct Access 29
Protocols 30
Chapter 4 Web-Based Management 33
About Web-based Management 33
Logging on to the Switch 35
Main Web Page 36
Main Menu 37
System 38
VLAN Configuration 64
Rapid Spanning Tree 83
Trunking
94
Forwarding and Filtering 101
IGMP Snooping 105
QoS Configuration 110
Access Control List 116
MAC Limit 121
802.1X Configuration
123
Power Over Ethernet 131
Chapter 5 Console Management 139
Login in to the Console Interface 139
Configure IP address 141
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual i
Commands Level 143
Chapter 6 Command Line Interface 145
Operation Notice 145
System Commands
146
Switch Static Configuration
Trunk Configuration 152
VLAN Configuration 155
Misc Configuration 165
Administration Configuration 167
MAC limit 172
Port Mirroring Configuration 173
Quality of Service 174
MAC Address Configuration 177
STP/RSTP Commands 179
SNMP 184
IGMP 188
802.1x Protocol 190
Access Control List 194
Binding 199
Power over Ethernet Commands (GE DS-82-PoE) 201
147
Chapter 7 Switch Operation 209
Chapter 8 Power Over Ethernet Overview 211
What is PoE? 211
Chapter 9 Troubleshooting 217
Appendix A RJ-45 Pin Assignment
219
Switch's RJ-45 Pin Assignments 219
10/100Mbps, 10/100Base-TX 220
ii GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 1
Introduction
The GE Security GE-DS-82 and GE-DS-82-PoE are Ethernet Managed Switches with 8
10/100Mbps ports and 2 Gigabit TP/SFP fiber optical combo connective ability with
robust layer 2 features. The description of these models is below:
GE-DS-82 : 8-Port 10/100Base-TX + 2-Port Gigabit TP/SFP Combo Managed Switch
GE-DS-82-PoE : 8-Port 10/100Base-TX + 2-Port Gigabit TP/SFP Managed PoE Switch
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 1
Chapter 1: Introduction
Package Contents
Open the Managed Switch box and carefully unpack it. The box should contain the
following items:
The Managed Switch
x1
User’s manual CD
Installation Sheet
19” Rack mount accessory kit
Power cord
Rubber feet
RS-232 cable
x1
x1
x1
x1
X4
x1
If any of these items are missing or damaged, please contact your dealer
immediately.
Product Description
High Performance Wire-Speed Switching
The GE Security GE-DS-82 Series of Managed Switches offers 8 Ethernet ports with 2
Gigabit TP / SFP combo ports. The type 8 Fast Ethernet ports of the GE-DS-82 and GEDS-82-PoE are 10 / 100Base-TX copper (RJ-45). The two Gigabit TP / SFP combo ports
of all models can be either 1000Base-T for 10/100/1000Mbps or 1000Base-SX/LX
through SFP (Small Factor Pluggable) interface. The distance can be extended from
100 meters (TP), 550 meters (Multi-mode fiber), up to above 10/50/70/120 kilometers
(Single-mode fiber).
The GE-DS-82 series of Managed Switches boast a high performance switch
architecture that is capable of providing non-blocking switch fabric and wire-speed
throughput as high as 5.6Gbps. It’s two built-in GbE uplink ports also offer incredible
extensibility, flexibility and connectivity to the Core switches or Servers.
2 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 1: Introduction
Cost-effective solution with SNMP monitor for Network deployment
Not only catering to the needs of easy WEB-based management but also the
centralized SNMP application to monitor the status of Switch and traffic per port, GE
Security releases the cost-effective Managed Switch. The key features are listed
below:
• WEB / SSL / Telnet / Console management
• 802.1Q / Q-in-Q VLAN
• Rapid Spanning Tree
• IGMP Snooping
• 802.1X Authentication / RADIUS
• Access Control List
• SNMP and 4 RMON groups
• 802.3af PoE (GE-DS-82-PoE)
Remote and Centralize Management installation
Afford the current network to grow and expand, the GE Security GE-DS-82 series
provide advanced WEB and SNMP management interface to fill this kind of demand.
With its built-in Web-based management, the GE-DS-82 series offers an easy-to-use,
platform-independent management and configuration facility. It supports standard
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and can be monitored via any
standard-based management software.
For efficient management, via WEB interface the GE-DS-82 series can be
programmed for basic switch management functions such as port speed
configuration, Port Trunking, VLAN, Port Mirroring, Rapid Spanning Tree and Misc
Configuration. Additionally, the firmware includes advanced features such as IGMP
snooping, QoS (Quality of Service), broadcast storm and bandwidth control, to
enhance bandwidth utilization.
Powerful Security
The GE Security GE-DS-82 series offers comprehensive Access Control List (ACL) for
enforcing security to the edge. Its protection mechanisms comprises of Port-based
802.1X user and device authentication. Moreover, the switch provides MAC filter and
Static MAC for enforcing security policies to the edge. The administrators can now
construct highly secured corporate networks with considerably less time and effort
than before.
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 3
Chapter 1: Introduction
Power over Ethernet of GE-DS-82-PoE
The PoE in-line power following the standard IEEE 802.3af makes the GE-DS-82-PoE
able to power 8 PoE devices at a distance of up to 100 meters through the 4-pair Cat
5/5e UTP wire.
How to Use this Manual
This User Manual is structured as follows:
Section Section Content
INTRODUCTION Product description with features and specifications
INSTALLATION
SWITCH MANAGEMENT
WEB-BASED MANAGEMENT Explains how to manage the Managed Switch by Web interface
CONSOLE MANAGEMENT Describes how to use the Console Management Interface
COMMAND LINE
INTERFACE
SWITCH OPERATION Explains how to operate the Managed Switch
POWER OVER ETHERNET
OVERVIEW
TROUBLESHOOTING Explains how to troubleshoot the Managed Switch
APPENDIX A Contains cable information for the Managed Switch
Explains the functions of the Managed Switch, and how to physically
install it
Contains information about the software operation of the Managed
Switch
Explains how to manage the Managed Switch by Command Line
Interface
Introduces the IEEE 802.3af PoE standard and PoE provision of the
Managed Switch.
Product Features
Physical Port
GE-DS-82
• 8-Port 10/100Base-TX RJ-45 interfaces
• 2 10/100/1000T TP combo interfaces
• 2 mini-GBIC/SFP slots, shared with Port-9 and Port-10
• Reset button for system management
• 1 RS-232 male DB9 console interface for basic Switch management and setup
4 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 1: Introduction
GE-DS-82-PoE
• 8-Port 10/100Base-TX RJ-45 with PoE Injector
• 2 10/100/1000T TP combo interfaces
• 2 mini-GBIC/SFP slots, shared with Port-9 and Port-10
• Reset button for system management
• 1 RS-232 male DB9 console interface for basic Switch management and setup
Layer 2 Features
• Prevents packet loss Flow Control:
• IEEE 802.3x PAUSE frame Flow Control for Full-Duplex mode
• Back-Pressure Flow Control in Half-Duplex mode
• High performance Store and Forward architecture, broadcast storm control,
runt/CRC filtering eliminates erroneous packets to optimize the network
bandwidth
• 8K MAC Address Table, automatic source address learning and ageing
• Support VLAN:
• IEEE 802.1Q Tag-Based VLAN
• Port-Based VLAN
• Q-in-Q tunneling (Double Tag VLAN)
• GVRP for dynamic VLAN Management
• Private VLAN Edge (PVE / Protect Port)
• Supports Link Aggregation
• Up to 13 Trunk groups
• Up to 8 ports per trunk group with 1.6Gbps bandwidth (Full Duplex mode)
• IEEE 802.3ad LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol)
• Cisco ether-Channel (Static Trunk)
• Support Spanning Tree Protocol:
• STP, IEEE 802.1D (Classic Spanning Tree Protocol)
• MSTP, IEEE 802.1s (Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol, spanning tree by VLAN)
Quality of Service
• 4 priority queues on all switch ports
• Traffic classification:
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 5
Chapter 1: Introduction
• IEEE 802.1p Class of Service
• IP TOS / DSCP code priority
• Port Base priority
• Strict priority and weighted round robin (WRR) CoS policies
• Ingress/Egress Bandwidth control on each port
Multicast
• IGMP Snooping v1 and v2
• IGMP Snooping v2 fast leave
• IGMP Query mode for Multicast Media application
Security
• IEEE 802.1x Port-Based network access control protocol
• RADIUS users access authentication
• L3 / L4 Access Control List (ACL)
• Source IP-MAC / Port-Binding
• Port Security for Source MAC address entries filtering
Management
• Switch Management Interface
• Telnet Command Line Interface
• Web switch management
• SNMP v1, v2c, v3 switch management
• SSL switch management
• DHCP client for IP address assignment
• DHCP Option82 and DHCP Relay
• Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) for easy network management
• Built-in Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) client
• Firmware upgrade via TFTP or HTTP
• Configuration restore / backup via TFTP or HTTP
• Event message logging to remote Syslog server
• Four RMON groups 1, 2, 3, 9 (history, statistics, alarms, and events)
• SNMP trap for interface Link Up and Link Down notification
• Supports Ping function
6 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 1: Introduction
Power over Ethernet (GE-DS-82-PoE Only)
• Complies with IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet End-Span PSE
• Up to 8 IEEE 802.3af devices can be powered
• Supports PoE Power up to 15.4 Watts for each PoE port
• Auto detect powered device (PD)
• Circuit protection to prevent power interference between ports
• Remote power feeding up to 100m
• PoE Management
• Total PoE power budget control
• Per port PoE function enable/disable
• PoE Port Power feeding priority
• Per PoE port power limit
• PD classification detection
• PoE Power Supply Over Temperature Protection
Product Specifications
Product GE-DS-82 GE-DS-82-PoE
Hardware Specification
10/100Mbps Copper Ports
1000Mbps Copper Ports 2 10/100/1000Base-T RJ-45 port
SFP/mini-GBIC Slots 2 SFP interfaces, shared with Port-9 and Port-10
Switch Architecture Store-and-Forward
Switch Fabric 5.6Gbps / non-blocking
8 10/ 100Base-TX RJ-45 AutoMDI/MDI-X ports
8 10/ 100Base-TX RJ-45
Auto-MDI/MDI-X ports
Switch Throughput 4.16Mpps@64Bytes
Address Table 8K entries
Share Data Buffer 2Mbits
Flash 4Mbytess
DRAM 32Mbytes
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 7
Chapter 1: Introduction
Maximum Frame Size 9K Bytes
Flow Control
Back pressure for Half-Duplex
IEEE 802.3x Pause Frame for Full-Duplex
Power
Link/Activity (Green)
PoE In-Use (Amber)
1000 LNK / ACT (Green)
10/100 LNK / ACT (Green)
13” x 6.10” x 1.71” / 330 x 155 x
43.5mm 330
1U height
LED
Dimensions ( W x D x H)
Power
Link/Activity (Green)
10/100 LNK / ACT (Green)
1000 LNK / ACT (Green)
10/100 LNK / ACT (Green)
13” x 6.10” x 1.71” / 330 x 155 x
43.5mm
1U height
Weight 2.8 lbs / 1.2kg 3.49 lbs / 1.6kg
Power Requirement 100-240V AC, 50-60 Hz
Power Consumption 16 Watts (Full load) 130 Watts (Full PoE Load)
Operating Temperature Standard: 0 - 50 Degree C
Operating Humidity 10% to 90% (Non-condensing)
Storage Temperature -40 Degree C - 85 Degree C
Layer 2 Functions
Management Interface Console, Telnet, Web Browser, SNMP v1, v2c and v3
Port disable/enable.
Auto-negotiation 10/100Mbps full and half duplex mode selection.
Port Configuration
Flow Control disable / enable.
Bandwidth control and broadcast storm filter on each port.
Port Status
Display each port’s speed duplex mode, link status, Flow control status.
Auto negotiation status
IEEE 802.1Q Tag-based VLAN, up to 255 VLANs groups, out of 4041 VLAN
IDs
Port-based VLAN
VLAN
Q-in-Q tunneling
GVRP for VLAN Management, up to 128 dynamic VLAN entries
Private VLAN Edge (PVE / Protected port) with two protected port groups
IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree
Spanning Tree
IEEE 802.1S Multiple Spanning Tree, up to 15 instances
8 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 1: Introduction
Static Port Trunk
Link Aggregation
IEEE 802.3ad LACP (Link Aggregation Control Protocol)
Supports 13 groups of 8-Port trunk support
4 priority queue
Traffic classification based on:
Quality of Service
• Port-Based priority
• 802.1p priority,
• IP DSCP/TOS field in IP Packet
v1 and v2
IGMP Snooping
256 multicast groups and IGMP query
Bandwidth Control Per port Ingress / Egress bandwidth control in steps of128Kbps
RX / TX / Both
Port Mirror
1 to 1 monitor
802.1x Port-Based Network access control
MAC Limit
Security
Static MAC
MAC Filtering
Access Control List Supports up to 220 rule entries
RFC-1157 SNMP MIB
RFC-1213 MIB-II
RFC-1215 Trap
RFC-2863 Interface MIB
RFC-1493 Bridge MIB
SNMP MIBs
RFC-2674 Extended Bridge MIB (Q-Bridge)
RFC-1643
RFC-2665 EtherLike MIB
RFC-2819 RMON MIB (Group 1, 2, 3,9)
RFC-2737 Entity MIB
POWER-ETHERNET-MIB
Power over Ethernet
PoE Standard -
IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet /
PSE
PoE Power Supply Type - End-Span
PoE Power output -
Per Port 48V DC, 350mA . Max. 15.4
watts
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 9
Chapter 1: Introduction
Power Pin Assignment - 1/2(+), 3/6(-)
PoE Power Budget - 180 Watts
Max. number of Class2 PD 8
Max. number of Class 3
PD
- 8
Standards Conformance
Safety FCC Part 15 Class A, CE
IEEE 802.3 10Base-T
IEEE 802.3u 100Base-TX/100BASE-FX
IEEE 802.3z Gigabit SX/LX
IEEE 802.3ab Gigabit 1000Base-T
IEEE 802.3x Flow Control and Back pressure
IEEE 802.1d Spanning tree protocol
IEEE 802.1w Rapid spanning tree protocol
IEEE 802.1p Class of service
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Tagging
Standards Compliance
IEEE 802.1x Port Authentication Network Control
IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet (GE-DS-82-PoE only)
RFC 768 UDP
RFC 793 TFTP
Cable-Fiber-optic cable
RFC 791 IP
RFC 792 ICMP
RFC 2068 HTTP
RFC 1112 IGMP version 1
RFC 2236 IGMP version 2
• 50 / 125µm or 62.5 / 125µm multi-mode fiber cable:
- 100Base-FX: up to 2km
- 1000Base-SX: up to 220 / 550m
• 9 / 125µm single-mode cable, provides long distance for:
- 100Base-FX: up to 10/40/60km (very on fiber transceiver or SFP
module)
- 1000Base-LX / ZX: 10 / 15 / 20 / 30 / 40 / 50 / 60 / 70 / 120km (very
on fiber transceiver or SFP module)
10 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 2
Installation
This section describes the hardware features and installation of the Managed Switch
on the desktop or rack mount. For easier management and control of the Managed
Switch, familiarize yourself with its display indicators, and ports. Front panel
illustrations in this chapter display the unit LED indicators. Before connecting any
network device to the Managed Switch, please read this chapter completely.
Hardware Description
Switch Front Panel
The unit front panel provides a simple interface for monitoring the Managed Switch.
Figure 1 shows the front panels of the Managed Switches.
Figure 1: GE-DS-82 and GE-DS-82-PoE Switch front panels
10/100Mbps TP Interface (GE-DS-82, GE-DS-82-PoE)
Port-1-Port-8: 10/100Base-TX Copper, RJ-45 Twist-Pair: Up to 100 meters.
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 11
Chapter 2: Installation
Gigabit TP Interface
Port-9, Port-10: 10/100/1000Base-T Copper, RJ-45 Twist-Pair: Up to 100 meters.
Gigabit SFP Slots
Port-9, Port-10: 1000Base-SX/LX mini-GBIC slot, SFP (Small Factor Pluggable)
transceiver module: From 550 meters (Multi-mode fiber), up to 10/30/50/70/120
kilometers (Single-mode fiber).
Reset button
At the left of front panel, the Reset button is designed to reboot the Managed Switch
without turning the power off. The following table summarizes the Reset button
functions:
Reset Button Pressed and Released Function
About 1-3 seconds Reboots the Managed Switch
Resets the Managed Switch to Factory Default configuration.
The Managed Switch will then reboot and load the default
settings as below:
Until the PWR LED goes out
• Default Password: admin
• Default IP address: 192.168.0.100
• Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
• Default Gateway: 192.168.0.254
LED Indications
The front panel LEDs provide instant status of port links, data activity and system
power. They help monitor the system and aid in troubleshooting when necessary.
The front panel LEDs are shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: GE-DS-82 LED panel
12 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 2: Installation
• System
LED Color Function
PWR Green Lit: indicates there is power to the Switch
• Per 10/100Base-T RJ-45 port
LED Color Function
Lit: indicates the link through that port is successfully
LNK/ACT Green
established
Blink: indicates the Switch is actively sending or receiving data
over that port
• Per 10/100/1000Base-T port/SFP interfaces
LED Color Function
Lit: indicates the port is operating at 1000Mbps
LNK/ACT 1000 Green
LNK/ACT 100 Green
Off: indicates the port is operating at 10Mbps or 100Mbps
Blink: indicates the Switch is actively sending or receiving data
over that port
Lit: indicates the port is operating at 100Mbps
Off: indicates the port is operating at 10Mbps or 1000Mbps
Blink: indicates the Switch is actively sending or receiving data
over that port
Figure 3: GE-DS-82-PoE LED panel
• System
LED Color Function
PWR Green Lit: indicates there is power to the Switch
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 13
Chapter 2: Installation
• Per 10/100Base-TX, PoE interfaces (Port-1 to Port-8)
LED Color Function
Lit: indicates the link through that port is successfully
LNK/ACT Green
PoE In Use Orange
established
Blink: indicates the Switch is actively sending or receiving data
over that port
Lit: indicates the port is providing 48VDC in-line power
Off: indicates the connected device is not a PoE Powered
Device (PD)
• Per 10/100/1000Base-T port/SFP interfaces
LED Color Function
Lit: indicates the port is operating at 1000Mbps
LNK/ACT 1000 Green
LNK/ACT 100 Green
Off: indicates the port is operating at 10Mbps or 100Mbps
Blink: indicates the Switch is actively sending or receiving data
over that port
Lit: indicates the port is operating at 100Mbps
Off: indicates the port is operating at 10Mbps or 1000Mbps
Blink: indicates the Switch is actively sending or receiving data
over that port
NOTE:
1. Press the RESET button once. The Switch will reboot automatically.
2. Press the RESET button for about 10 seconds. The Switch will revert to the factory
default mode; the entire configuration will be erased.
3. The 2 Gigabit TP/SFP combo ports are shared with port 9/10 of GE-DS-82 / GE-DS82-PoE. Both of them can operate at the same time.
Switch Rear Panel
The rear panel of the Managed Switch includes an AC inlet power socket, which
accepts input power from 100 to 240VAC, 50-60 Hz. Figure 4 shows the rear panel of
the Managed Switch.
14 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 2: Installation
Figure 4: GE-DS-82 and GE-DS-82-PoE Rear panels
Console Port
The console port is a DB9, RS-232 male serial port connector. It is an interface for
connecting a terminal directly. The console port provides rich diagnostic information
including IP Address setting, factory reset, port management, link status and system
settings. Users can use the attached RS-232 cable in the package and connect to the
console port on the device. After the connection, users can run any terminal
emulation program (Hyper Terminal, ProComm Plus, Telix, Winterm and so on) to
enter the startup screen of the device.
POWER NOTICE:
1. The Managed Switch is a power-required device: it will not work unless it is
receiving power. If your networks must be active at all times, we recommend that
the Switch be connected to a UPS (Uninterruptable Power Supply) to prevent data
loss or downtime.
2. In some areas, installing a surge suppression device may also help protect your
Managed Switch from being damaged by unregulated power surges or current to
either the Switch or the power adapter.
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 15
Chapter 2: Installation
Switch Installation
This section describes how to install the Managed Switch and connect it as
necessary. Please read the following instructions, and perform the procedures in the
listed order.
Desktop/Shelf Installation
NOTE: Refer to the environmental restrictions listed in the Product Specification when
selecting a location for the Managed Switch.
Step 1: Attach the rubber feet to the recessed areas on the bottom of the Managed
Switch.
Step 2: Place the Managed Switch on a desktop or shelf near an AC power source, as
shown in Figure 5.
Step 3: Ensure there is enough ventilation space between the Managed Switch and
surrounding objects.
Figure 5: Typical placement of GE-DS-82 on desktop
16 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 2: Installation
NOTE: Connection to the Managed Switch requires UTP Category 5 network cabling
with RJ-45 tips. Refer to the Cabling Specification in Appendix A for further
information.
Step 4: Connect the Managed Switch to network devices.
A. Connect one end of a standard network cable to the 10/100/1000 RJ-45 ports
on the front of the Managed Switch.
B. Connect the other end of the cable to the network devices (printer servers,
workstations, routers etc).
Step 5: Supply power to the Managed Switch.
A. Connect socket end of the power cable to the socket on the Managed Switch
rear panel.
B. Connect the power cable plug to a standard wall outlet.
C. Switch the power switch on the rear panel to ON. When the Managed Switch
receives power, the Power LED should light and remain solid Green.
Rack-mount Installation
Use the following instructions to install the Managed Switch in a 19-inch standard
rack.
Step 1: Place the Managed Switch on a hard flat surface, with the front panel
positioned towards the front.
CAUTION: Use only the screws supplied with the mounting brackets. Damage caused
by using incorrect screws will invalidate the warranty.
Step 2: Attach the rack-mount bracket to each side of the Managed Switch. Use the
supplied screws attached to the package. Figure 6 shows how to attach brackets to
one side of the Managed Switch.
Figure 6: Attaching rack-mount brackets to the GE-DS-82
Step 3: Secure the brackets tightly, but do not over tighten screws.
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 17
Chapter 2: Installation
Step 4: Follow the same steps to attach the second bracket to the opposite side.
Step 5: After the brackets are attached to the Managed Switch, use suitable screws to
securely attach the brackets to the rack, as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7: Mounting the GE-DS-82 in a rack
Step 6: Follow steps 4 and 5 of the Desktop Installation section to connect the
network cabling and supply power to the Managed Switch.
SFP Transceiver Installation
This section describes how to insert an SFP transceiver into an SFP slot.
SFP transceivers are hot pluggable and hot swappable. You can insert and remove a
transceiver from any SFP port without powering down the Managed Switch, as
shown in Figure 8.
18 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 2: Installation
Figure 8: Plugging-in the SFP transceiver
Approved GE Security SFP Transceivers
The Managed Switch supports both single-mode and multi-mode SFP transceivers.
The following list of approved GE Security SFP transceivers is correct at the time of
publication:
1000Base-SX/LX SFP transceiver:
• SFP1000SX-220 SFP (1000BASE-SX SFP transceiver - Multi mode / 220m)
• SFP1000LX-10Km SFP (1000BASE-LX SFP transceiver - Single Mode / 10km)
NOTE: We recommend that only approved GE Security SFP transceivers be used on
the Managed Switch. If you insert an SFP transceiver that is not supported, the Switch
may not recognize it.
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 19
Chapter 2: Installation
Before connecting the other switches, workstations or Media Converter:
1. Make sure both sides of the SFP transceiver are the same media type (for example:
1000Base-SX to 1000Base-SX, 1000Base-LX to 1000Base-LX).
2. Verify that the fiber-optic cable type matches the SFP transceiver model.
• To connect to a 1000Base-SX SFP transceiver, use multi-mode fiber cable (one
side must be male duplex LC connector type).
• To connect to a 1000Base-LX SFP transceiver, use single-mode fiber cable (one
side must be male duplex LC connector type).
Connect the fiber cable:
1. Attach the duplex LC connector on the network cable into the SFP transceiver.
2. Connect the other end of the cable to a device (switches with SFP installed, fiber
NIC on a workstation, or a Media Converter).
3. Check the LNK/ACT LED of the SFP slot on the front of the Switch. Ensure that the
SFP transceiver is operating correctly.
4. Check the Link mode of the SFP port if the link failed. Co works with some fiber-NICs
or Media Converters, set the Link mode to "1000 Force" is needed.
Remove the transceiver module
1. Make sure there is no network activity by consulting with the network
administrator. You can also disable the port in advance by using the management
interface.
2. Remove the Fiber Optic Cable gently.
3. Turn the handle of the MGB module to horizontal.
4. Pull out the module gently through the handle.
20 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 2: Installation
Figure 9: Pulling out the SFP transceiver
CAUTION: Never pull out the module without pull the handle or the push bolts on the
module. Pulling out the module with too much force could damage the module and
SFP module slot of the Managed Industrial Switch.
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 21
Chapter 2: Installation
22 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 3
Switch Management
Summary
This chapter explains the methods that you can use to configure management
access to the Managed Switch. It describes the types of management applications
and the communication and management protocols that deliver data between your
management device (work-station or personal computer) and the system. It also
contains information about port connection options.
This chapter covers the following topics:
• Requirements
• Management Access Overview
• Administration Console Access
• Web Management Access
• SNMP Access
• Standards, Protocols, and Related Reading.
Requirements
• Clients of subscribers running Windows 98/ME, NT4.0, 2000/XP, MAC OS9 or later,
Linux, UNIX or other platform compatible with TCP/IP protocols.
• Workstation installed with Ethernet NIC (Network Interface Card)
• Ethernet Port connect
o Network cables - Use standard network (UTP) cables with RJ45
connectors.
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 23
Chapter 3: Switch Management
• Above Workstation installed with WEB Browser and JAVA runtime environment
Plug-in
• Serial Port connect
o Above PC with COM Port (DB-9 / RS-232) or USB-to-RS-232 converter
NOTE: We recommend using Internet Explore 6.0 or above to access the Managed
Switch.
Management Access Overview
The Managed Switch gives you the flexibility to access and manage it using any or all
of the following methods:
• Web browser interface
• An external SNMP-based network management application
• The Administration Console
The Administration Console and Web browser interface support are embedded in the
Managed Switch software and are available for immediate use. Each of these
management methods has their own advantages and disadvantages. Table 1
compares the three management methods.
24 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 3: Switch Management
Table 1: Management Methods Comparison
Method Advantages Disadvantages
Web Browser • Ideal for configuring the switch
remotely
• Compatible with all popular
browsers
• Can be accessed from any location
• Most visually appealing
SNMP Agent • Communicates with switch
functions at the MIB level
• Based on open standards
Console • No IP address or subnet needed
• Text-based
• Telnet functionality and
HyperTerminal built into Windows
95/98/NT/2000/ME/XP operating
systems
• Security can be compromised
(hackers need only know the IP
address and subnet mask)
• May encounter lag times on poor
connections
• Requires SNMP manager software
• Least visually appealing of all three
methods
• Some settings require calculations
• Security can be compromised
(hackers need only know the
community name)
• Must be near switch or use dial-up
connection
• Not convenient for remote users
• Modem connection may prove to be
unreliable or slow
• Secure
Web Browser Management
The Managed Switch offers management features that allow users to manage the
Managed Switch from anywhere on the network through a standard browser such as
Microsoft Internet Explorer. After you set up your IP address for the switch, you can
access the Managed Switch's Web interface applications directly in your Web
browser by entering the IP address of the Managed Switch.
You can then use your Web browser to list and manage the Managed Switch
configuration parameters from one central location, just as if you were directly
connected to the Managed Switch's console port. Web Management requires either
Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 or later, Safari or Mozilla Firefox 2.0 or later.
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 25
Chapter 3: Switch Management
Web Browser Setup
The following shows how to start up the Web Management of the GE-DS-82
Managed Switch. Please note that the Managed Switch is configured through an
Ethernet connection. Make sure the manager PC is set on the same IP subnet
address.
For example, the default IP address of the GE-DS-82 Managed Switch is
192.168.0.100, then the manager PC should be set at 192.168.0.x (where x is a
number between 1 and 254, except 100), and the default subnet mask is
255.255.255.0.
Figure 10: PC connected to Switch over Ethernet cable
Managed Switch
PC / Workstation
with
IE Browser
IP Address:
RJ-45/UTP-Cable
192.168.0.100
IP Address:
192.168.0.x
Login to the managed Switch
1. Using Internet Explorer 6.0 enter the IP address http://192.168.0.100 (the factory-
default IP address or the IP address that you changed in the console) to access
the Web interface.
2. When the following dialog box appears, please enter the default password
"admin" (or the password you have changed via console). The login screen in
Figure 11 appears.
• Default Username: admin
• Default Password: admin
26 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 3: Switch Management
Figure 11: Login screen
3. After entering the username and password, the main screen appears as shown in
Figure 12.
Figure 12: Web main screen of Managed Switch
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 27
Chapter 3: Switch Management
SNMP-Based Network Management
You can use an external SNMP-based application to configure and manage the
Managed Switch, such as Snip Network Manager, HP Open view Network Node
Management (NNM) or What’s up Gold. This management method requires the SNMP
agent on the switch and the SNMP Network Management Station to use the same
community string. This management method, in fact, uses two community strings:
the get community string and the set community string. If the SNMP Net-work
management Station only knows the set community string, it can read and write to
the Mobs. However, if it only knows the get community string, it can only read Mobs.
The default gets and sets community strings for the Managed Switch are public.
Figure 13: SNMP Management
Managed Switch
PC / Workstation
with
SNMP application
IP Address:
192.168.0.100
Internet/
Intranet
IP Address:
192.168.0.x
The Administration Console
The Administration Console is an internal, character-oriented, and command line user
interface for performing system administration such as displaying statistics or
changing option settings. Using this method, you can view the administration console
from a terminal, personal computer, Apple Macintosh, or workstation connected to
the switch's console (serial) port.
There are two ways to use this management method: via direct access or modem
port access. The following sections describe these methods. For more information
about using the console, refer to Chapter 5: Console Management.
28 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 3: Switch Management
Figure 14: PC connected to Switch with RS-232 serial cable
PC / Workstation
with
Terminal emulation software
Managed Switch
RS-232
Serial Port
Serial Port
57600,8,n,1
Direct Access
Direct access to the administration console is achieved by directly connecting a
terminal or a PC equipped with a terminal-emulation program (such as
HyperTerminal) to the Managed Switch console (serial) port.
When using this management method, a straight DB9 RS-232 cable is required to
connect the switch to the PC. After making this connection, configure the terminalemulation program to use the following parameters:
• 57600 bps
• 8 data bits
• No parity
• 1 stop bit
Figure 15: Terminal parameter settings
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 29
Chapter 3: Switch Management
You can change these settings, if desired, after you log on. This management method
is often preferred because you can remain connected and monitor the system during
system reboots. Also, certain error messages are sent to the serial port, regardless of
the interface through which the associated action was initiated. A Macintosh or PC
attachment can use any terminal-emulation program for connecting to the terminal
serial port. A workstation attachment under UNIX can use an emulator such as TIP.
Protocols
The Managed Switch supports the following protocols:
• Virtual terminal protocols, such as Telnet
• Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Virtual Terminal Protocols
A virtual terminal protocol is a software program, such as Telnet, that allows you to
establish a management session from a Macintosh, a PC, or a UNIX workstation.
Because Telnet runs over TCP/IP, you must have at least one IP address configured
on the Managed Switch before you can establish access to it with a virtual terminal
protocol.
Terminal emulation differs from a virtual terminal protocol in that you must connect a
terminal directly to the console (serial) port.
Telnet Setup
To access the Managed Switch through a Telnet session:
1. Connect an RJ-45 cable from the PC to a switch port on the Managed Switch.
2. Enable the Hyper Terminal program. A terminal program is required to make the
software connection to the Managed Switch. Windows' Hyper Terminal program
is a good choice. Hyper Terminal can be accessed from the Start menu. Click
START, then Programs, Accessories and then Hyper Terminal.
3. The following screen will appear. Input a new connection name. You should use
something like the model name of your switch.
30 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 3: Switch Management
Figure 16: New Connection dialog window
4. Change the Connect using drop-down menu to TCP/IP (Winsock) then input Host
address. The Managed Switches default IP address is 192.168.0.100 and the
default telnet port number is 23, then press the OK button.
Figure 17: The Connect to dialog window
Log on to the Console
Make sure the device finished booting. Once the telnet has connected to the device,
the hyper terminal will display the login request.
Then, the following message asks the login user name and password. The factory
default password as following and the login screen as following appear.
User name: admin
Password: admin
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 31
Chapter 3: Switch Management
Figure 18: Login request window
Now you can configure the Switch by Telnet. The management interface is exactly
the same with RS-232 console management.
SNMP Protocol
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is the standard management protocol
for multi-vendor IP networks. SNMP supports transaction-based queries that allow
the protocol to format messages and to transmit information between reporting
devices and data-collection programs. SNMP runs on top of the User Datagram
Protocol (UDP), offering a connectionless-mode service.
Management Architecture
All of the management application modules use the same Messaging Application
Programming Interface (MAPI). By unifying management methods with a single MAPI,
configuration parameters set using one method (console port, for example) are
immediately displayable by the other management methods (for example, SNMP
agent of Web browser).
The management architecture of the switch adheres to the IEEE open standard. This
compliance assures customers that the Managed Switch is compatible with, and will
interoperate with other solutions that adhere to the same open standard.
32 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 4
Web-Based Management
About Web-based Management
The Managed Switch offers management features that allow users to manage the
Switch from anywhere on the network through a standard browser such as Microsoft
Internet Explorer.
The Web-Based Manager supports Internet Explorer 6.0. It is based on Java Applets
with an aim to reduce network bandwidth consumption, enhance access speed, and
present an easy viewing screen.
NOTE: By default, IEv6.0 or later does not allow Java Applets to open sockets. The
user has to explicitly modify the browser setting to enable Java Applets to use
network ports.
The Managed Switch can be configured through an Ethernet connection, make sure
the manager PC is set on same the IP subnet address with the Managed Switch.
Managed Switch
PC / Workstation
with
IE Browser
IP Address:
RJ-45/UTP-Cable
IP Address:
192.168.0.x
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 33
192.168.0.100
Chapter 4: Web-Based Management
For example, the default IP address of the Managed Switch is 192.168.0.100, then the
manager PC should be set at 192.168.0.x (where x is a number between 1 and 254,
except 100), and the default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
If you have changed the default IP address of the Managed Switch to 192.168.1.1
with subnet mask 255.255.255.0 via console, then the manager PC should be set at
192.168.1.x (where x is a number between 2 and 254) to do the relative configuration
on manager PC.
Requirements
• Workstations of subscribers running Windows 98/ME, NT4.0, 2000/2003/XP, MAC
OS9 or later, Linux, UNIX or other platform compatible with TCP/IP protocols.
• Workstation installed with Ethernet NIC (Network Card).
• Ethernet Port connection
o Network cables - Use standard network (UTP) cables with RJ45
connectors.
o Above PC installed with a WEB Browser and a JAVA runtime
environment Plug-in.
34 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 4: Web-Based Management
Logging on to the Switch
1. Use Internet Explorer to enter the factory default IP address in the browser address
field to access the Web interface. The factory-default IP Address is:
http://192.168.0.100
Figure 19: Login screen
2. The login screen will appear. Enter the default username and password (or the
username/password you have changed via console) to login to the main screen of
Managed Switch.
User name: admin
Password: admin
3. After entering the username and password, the main screen appears as shown in
Figure 20.
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 35
Chapter 4: Web-Based Management
Figure 20: Main Web Page
The Menu on the left side of the Web page lets you access all the commands and
statistics that the Switch provides.
NOTE: WEB configuration of GE-DS-82-PoE is the similar to the GE-DS-82 except with
PoE features, so where there are differences they will be indicated.
Main Web Page
The Main web page allows you to configure the Managed Switch. This section
describes how to use the Managed Switch's Web browser interface to configure and
manage it.
Panel Display
Near the top of the web page the web agent displays an image of the Managed
Switch's ports. The Mode can be set to display different information for the ports,
including Link up or Link down. Clicking on the image of a port opens the Port Control
page.
36 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 4: Web-Based Management
Figure 21: Port Control page
The port states are illustrated as follows:
State Disabled Down Link
RJ-45 Ports
SFP Ports
PoE Ports
Main Menu
The Main menu is located on the left side of the Main Web Page. This is where all the
configuration menus can be accessed.
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 37
Chapter 4: Web-Based Management
Figure 22: Main Menu
System
Use the System menu items to display and configure basic administrative details of
the Managed Switch. Under System the following topics are provided to configure
and view the system information: This section has the following items:
SYSTEM INFORMATION Provides basic system description, including contact information
IP CONFIGURATION Sets the IP address for management access
SNMP CONFIGURATION Configure SNMP agent and SNMP Trap
FIRMWARE UPGRADE Upgrade the firmware via TFTP server or Web Brower file transfer
CONFIGURATION BACKUP
FACTORY DEFAULT Reset the configuration of the Managed Switch
SYSTEM REBOOT Restarts the Managed Switch
Save/View the Managed Switch configuration to remote host.
Upload the switch configuration from remote host.
System Information
The System information menu contains 2 fields - Basic and Misc Config.
38 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 4: Web-Based Management
Basic
The Basic System Info page provides information for the current device information.
Basic System Info page helps a switch administrator to identify the model name,
firmware / hardware version and MAC address.
Figure 23: Basic System Information screenshot
This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
MODEL NAME Displays the system name of the Managed Switch
DESCRIPTION Describes the Managed Switch
MAC ADDRESS
FIRMWARE VERSION Displays the Managed Switch's firmware version
HARDWARE VERSION Displays the current hardware version
Displays the unique hardware address assigned by manufacturer
(default)
Misc Config
Select Misc Config from the System Information screen and the screen shown in
Figure 24 appears.
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 39
Chapter 4: Web-Based Management
Figure 24: Switch Misc Config screenshot
This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
Type the number of seconds that an inactive MAC address remains in
MAC Address Age-out Time
Broadcast Storm Filter
Mode
the switch's address table. The value is a multiple of 6.
Default is 300 seconds.
To configure broadcast storm control, enable it and set the upper
threshold for individual ports. The threshold is the percentage of the
port's total bandwidth used by broadcast traffic. When broadcast traffic
for a port rises above the threshold you set, broadcast storm control
becomes active.
The valid threshold values are 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16 and OFF.
Default is "OFF".
40 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 4: Web-Based Management
To select broadcast storm Filter Packets type. If no packets types are
selected, no filtering will occur. The Broadcast Storm Filter Mode will
show OFF.
Broadcast Storm Filter
Packets Select
Collision Retry Forever
Hash Algorithm
802.1x protocol Enable / disable 802.1x protocol
Apply button Press the button to complete the configuration.
The selectable items as below:
• Broadcast Packets
• IP Multicast
• Control Packets
• Flooded Unicast / Multicast Packets
Provide Collision Retry Forever function "Disable" or 16, 32, 48 collision
numbers on Managed Switch. If this function is disabled, when a packet
meet a collision, the Managed Switch will retry 6 times before discard
the packets. Otherwise, the Managed Switch will retry until the packet is
successfully sent.
Default value is 16.
Provide MAC address table Hashing setting on Managed Switch;
available options are CRC Hash and Direct Map.
Default mode is CRC-Hash.
IP Configuration
The Managed Switch is a network device, which needs to be assigned an IP address
to be identified on the network. Users have to decide a means of assigning IP address
to the Managed Switch.
What is an IP address?
Each device (such as a computer) which participates in an IP network needs a unique
"address" on the network. It's similar to having a US mail address so other people
have a know way to send you messages. An IP address is a four-byte number, which
is usually written in "dot notation" - each of the bytes' decimal value is written as a
number, and the numbers are separated by "dots" (aka periods). An example:
199.25.123.1
How do I get one for this box?
An employee called a “Network Administrator” assigns the IP addresses on most
modern corporate nets. This person assigns IP addresses and is responsible for
making sure that IP addresses are not duplicated - If this happens one or both
machines with a duplicate address will stop working.
Another possibility is getting your address assigned to you automatically over the net
via DHCP protocol. Enable DHCP function, and reset the machine. If your network is
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 41
Chapter 4: Web-Based Management
set up for this service, you will get an IP address assigned over the network. If you
don't get an address in about 30 seconds, you probably don't have DHCP.
IP Configuration
The IP Configuration includes the IP Address, Subnet Mask and Gateway. The
Configured column is used to view or change the IP configuration. Fill up the IP
Address, Subnet Mask and Gateway for the device. The screen in Figure 25 appears.
Figure 25: IP configuration interface
This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
Enable or disable the DHCP client function.
When DHCP function is enabled, the Managed Switch will be assigned
DHCP
IP Address
an IP address
be replaced by the assigned IP address on DHCP server. After the user
clicks Apply, a popup dialog shows up to inform the user that when the
DHCP client is enabled, the current IP will lose and user should find the
new IP on the DHCP server.
Assign the IP address that the network is using.
If DHCP client function is enabled, this switch is configured as a DHCP
client. The network DHCP server will assign the IP address to the switch
and display it in this column.
The default IP is 192.168.0.100 or the user has to assign an IP address
manually when DHCP Client is disabled.
from the network DHCP server. The default IP address will
42 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 4: Web-Based Management
Assign the subnet mask to the IP address.
Subnet Mask
If DHCP client function is disabled, the user has to assign the subnet
mask in this column field.
Assign the network gateway for the switch.
Gateway
If DHCP client function is disabled, the user has to assign the gateway in
this column field.
The default gateway is 192.168.0.254.
SNMP Configuration
SNMP Overview
The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an application layer protocol
that facilitates the exchange of management information between network devices.
It is part of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol suite.
SNMP enables network administrators to manage network performance, find and
solve network problems, and plan for network growth.
Figure 26: SNMP configuration interface
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 43
Chapter 4: Web-Based Management
An SNMP-managed network consists of four key components: Network management
stations (NMSs), SNMP agents, Management information base (MIB) and Networkmanagement protocol:
• Network management stations (NMSs): Sometimes called consoles, these
devices execute management applications that monitor and control network
elements. Physically, NMSs are usually engineering workstation-caliber computers
with fast CPUs, megapixel color displays, substantial memory, and abundant disk
space. At least one NMS must be present in each managed environment.
• Agents: Agents are software modules that reside in network elements. They
collect and store management information such as the number of error packets
received by a network element.
• Management information base (MIB): A MIB is a collection of managed objects
residing in a virtual information store. Collections of related managed objects are
defined in specific MIB modules.
• Network-management protocol: A management protocol is used to convey
management information between agents and NMSs. SNMP is the Internet
community's de facto standard management protocol.
SNMP Overview
SNMP itself is a simple request/response protocol. NMSs can send multiple requests
without receiving a response.
• Get - Allows the NMS to retrieve an object instance from the agent.
• Set - Allows the NMS to set values for object instances within an agent.
• Trap - Used by the agent to asynchronously inform the NMS of some event. The
SNMPv2 trap message is designed to replace the SNMPv1 trap message.
SNMP Community
An SNMP community is the group that devices and management stations running
SNMP belong to. It helps define where information is sent. The community name is
used to identify the group. A SNMP device or agent may belong to more than one
SNMP community. It will not respond to requests from management stations that do
not belong to one of its communities. SNMP default communities are:
• Write = private
• Read = public
System Options
Use this page to define management stations. You can also define a name, location,
and contact person for the Managed Switch.
44 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 4: Web-Based Management
Figure 27: SNMP configuration interface
This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
An administratively assigned name for this managed node. By
convention, this is the node's fully qualified domain name. A domain
name is a text string drawn from the alphabet (A-Za-z), digits (0-9),
System Name
System Location
System Contact
minus sign (-). No space characters are permitted as part of a name.
The first character must be an alpha character. And the first or last
character must not be a minus sign.
The allowed string length is 0 to 255.
The physical location of this node (e.g., telephone closet, 3rd floor).
The allowed string length is 0 to 255, and the allowed content is the
ASCII characters from 32 to 126.
The textual identification of the contact person for this managed node,
together with information on how to contact this person.
The allowed string length is 0 to 255, and the allowed content is the
ASCII characters from 32 to 126.
Indicates the SNMP mode operation. Possible modes are:
SNMP Status
• Enabled: Enable SNMP mode operation.
• Disabled: Disable SNMP mode operation.
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 45
Chapter 4: Web-Based Management
Community Strings
Community strings serve as passwords. See the table below.
Figure 28: Community strings interface
This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
Here you can define the new community string set and remove the
unwanted community string.
• String: Fill the name string.
Community Strings
ADD button
REMOVE button
• RO: Read only. Enables requests accompanied by this community
string to display MIB-object information.
• RW: Read/write. Enables requests accompanied by this community
string to display MIB-object information and to set MIB objects.
Press the button to add the management SNMP community strings on
the Managed Switch.
Press the button to remove the management SNMP community strings
that you defined before on the Managed Switch.
Trap Managers
A trap manager is a management station that receives the trap messages generated
by the switch. If no trap manager is defined, no traps will be issued. To define a
management station as a trap manager, assign an IP address, enter the SNMP
community strings, and select the SNMP trap version.
Figure 29: Trap managers interface
46 GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual
Chapter 4: Web-Based Management
This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
85 Enter the IP address of the trap manager.
Community Enter the community string for the trap station.
SNMPv3 Groups
Configure SNMPv3 groups table on this page. The entry index keys are Security Model
and Security Name.
The SNMPv3 Groups Configuration screen in Figure 30 appears.
Figure 30: SNMP Configuration Interface
This page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Group Name: A string identifying the group name that this entry should belong to.
The allowed string length is 1 to 15
V1 | V2c | USM Indicates the security model that this entry should belong to. Possible
security models are:
v1: Reserved for SNMPv1.
v2c: Reserved for SNMPv2c.
usm: User-based Security Model (USM).
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 47
Chapter 4: Web-Based Management
Security Name: A string identifying the security name that this entry should belong to.
The allowed string length is 1 to 15
Remove Check to delete the entry. It will be deleted during the next save.
SNMPv3 View
Configure the SNMPv3 views table on this page. The entry index keys are View Name
and OID Subtree.
The SNMPv3 Views Configuration screen in Figure 31 appears.
Figure 31: SNMP configuration interface
This page includes the following fields:
Object Description
View Name: A string identifying the view name that this entry should belong to.
The allowed string length is 1 to 15
Included | Excluded: Indicates the view type that this entry should belong to. Possible view
type are:
included: An optional flag to indicate that this view subtree should be
included.
excluded: An optional flag to indicate that this view subtree should be
excluded.
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Chapter 4: Web-Based Management
View Subtree The OID defining the root of the subtree to add to the named view. The
allowed OID length is 1 to 128. The allowed string content is digital
number or asterisk(*)
View Mask (Hexadecimal
Digits):
View mask is defined in order to reduce the amount of configuration
information required when fine-grained access control is required (e.g.,
access control at
The object instance level)
SNMPv3 Access
Configure the SNMPv3 access table on this page. The entry index keys are Group
Name, Security Model and Security Level.
The SNMPv3 Accesses Configuration screen in Figure 32 appears.
Figure 32: SNMP configuration interface
This page includes the following fields:
Object Description
Group Name:
V1 | V2c | USM:
GE-DS-82 and 82-PoE Ethernet Managed Switch User Manual 49
A string identifying the group name that this entry should belong to.
The allowed string length is 1 to 15.
Indicates the security model that this entry should belong to. Possible
security models are:
v1: Reserved for SNMPv1.
v2c: Reserved for SNMPv2c.
usm: User-based Security Model (USM)
Chapter 4: Web-Based Management
Indicates the security model that this entry should belong to. Possible
security models are:
SNMP Access:
Read View:
Write View:
Notify View: Set up the notify view.
Remove Check to delete the selected entry. It will be deleted during the next save.
NoAuth: None authentication and none privacy.
Auth: Authentication and none privacy.
Authpriv: Authentication and privacy.
The name of the MIB views defining the MIB objects for which this request
may request the current values.
The allowed string length is 1 to 16.
The name of the MIB views defining the MIB objects for which this request
may potentially SET new values.
The allowed string length is 1 to 16.
SNMPv3 usm-user
Configure SNMPv3 users table on this page. The entry index keys are Engine ID and
User Name.
The SNMPv3 Users Configuration screen in Figure 33 appears.
Figure 33: User configuration screen
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Chapter 4: Web-Based Management
This page include the following fields:
Object Description
SNMP User Name:
Auth Type:
Auth Key (8-32):
Private Key (8-32):
Remove Check to delete the selected entry. It will be deleted during the next save.
A string identifying the user name that this entry should belong to. The
allowed string length is 1 to 15.
Indicates the authentication protocol that this entry should belong to.
Possible authentication protocol are:
None: None authentication protocol.
MD5: An optional flag to indicate that this user using MD5 authentication
protocol.
The value of the security level cannot be modified if an entry already
exists. That means must first ensure that the value is set correctly.
A string identifying the authentication pass phrase.
For MD5 authentication protocol, the allowed string length is 8 to 32.
A string identifying the privacy pass phrase.
The allowed string length is 8 to 32.
Firmware Upgrade
It provides the functions allowing the user to update the switch firmware via the
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server. Before updating, make sure the TFTP server
is ready and the firmware image is located on the TFTP server.
TFTP Firmware Upgrade
The Firmware Upgrade page provides the functions to allow a user to update the
Managed Switch firmware from the TFTP server in the network. Before updating,
make sure you have your TFTP server ready and the firmware image is on the TFTP
server. The screen in Figure 34 appears.
Use this menu to download a file from specified TFTP server to the Managed Switch.
Figure 34: Firmware Upgrade interface
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This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
TFTP Server IP Address Type in your TFTP server IP.
Firmware File Name Type in the name of the firmware image file to be updated.
HTTP Firmware Upgrade
The HTTP Firmware Upgrade page contains fields for downloading system image files
from the Local File browser to the device. The Web Firmware Upgrade screen in
Figure 35 appears.
Figure 35: HTTP Firmware Upgrade interface
To open the Firmware Upgrade screen, do the following:
1. Click System then Web Firmware Upgrade.
2. The Firmware Upgrade screen is displayed as in Figure 35.
3. Click the Browse button of the main page; the system will display the file
selection menu to choose the firmware file. Click Open after the file is selected.
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4. Click Submit, the Software Upload Progress will show the file upload status.
Note: Firmware upgrade needs several minutes. Please wait a while, and then
manually refresh the webpage.
Configuration Backup
TFTP Restore Configuration
You can restore a previous backup configuration from the TFTP server to recover the
settings. Before doing that, you must locate the image file on the TFTP Server first and
the Managed Switch will download the flash image.
Figure 36: Configuration Restore interface
This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
TFTP Server IP Address Type in your TFTP server IP.
Restore File Name Type in the correct file name for restoring.
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TFTP Backup Configuration
You can back up the current configuration from flash ROM to the TFTP server for the
purpose of recovering the configuration later. It helps you to avoid wasting time on
configuring the settings by backing up the configuration.
Figure 37: Configuration Backup interface
This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
TFTP Server IP Address Type in your TFTP server IP.
Backup File Name Type in the file name.
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Factory Default
Reset switch to default configuration. Click reset to reset all configurations to the
default value.
Figure 38: Factory Default interface
System Reboot
Reboot the switch. Click reboot to reboot the system.
Figure 39: System Reboot interface
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Syslog Setting
The Syslog Setting page allows you to configure the logging of messages that are
sent to remote syslog servers or other management stations. You can also limit the
event messages sent to only those messages below a specified level.
Figure 40: Syslog setting web interface
This page includes the following settings:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
Syslog Server IP IP address of syslog server.
Log level None: never send syslog message to syslog serverme, and Max Age
parameters of the root bridge, regardless of how it is configured.
Major: only send major syslog to syslog server, eg: link up/down, system
warm/cold start
All: send all syslog message to syslog server.
Port Configuration
Port Control
In Port control you can configure the settings of each port to control the connection
parameters, and the status of each port is listed beneath.
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Figure 41: Port Control interface
This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
Port
State
Negotiation
Speed
Duplex
Flow Control
Use the scroll bar and click on the port number to choose the port to be
configured.
Current port state. The port can be set to disable or enable mode. If the
port state is set as 'Disable', it will not receive or transmit any packet.
Auto and Force. Being set as Auto, the speed and duplex mode are
negotiated automatically. When you set it as Force, you have to set the
speed and duplex mode manually.
It is available for selecting when the Negotiation column is set as Force.
When the Negotiation column is set as Auto, this column is read-only.
It is available for selecting when the Negotiation column is set as Force.
When the Negotiation column is set as Auto, this column is read-only.
Whether or not the receiving node sends feedback to the sending node
is determined by this item. When enabled, once the device exceeds the
input data rate of another device, the receiving device will send a
PAUSE frame which halts the transmission of the sender for a specified
period of time. When disabled, the receiving device will drop the packet
if too much to process.
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OBJECT DESCRIPTION
Port-1 - Port-24, supports by-port ingress and egress rate control.
For example, assume port 1 is 10Mbps, users can set its effective egress
rate at 1Mbps and ingress rate at 500Kbps. Device will perform flow
control or backpressure to confine the ingress rate to meet the
specified rate.
• Ingress: Type the port effective ingress rate.
Rate Control
(Unit: 128KBbps)
Security
BSF
Jumbo Frame
The valid range is 0 - 8000. The unit is 128K.
0: disable rate control.
1 - 8000: valid rate value
• Egress: Type the port effective egress rate.
The valid range is 0 - 8000. The unit is 128K.
0: disable rate control.
1 -8000: valid rate value.
A port in security mode will be "locked" without permission of address
learning. Only the incoming packets with SMAC already existing in the
address table can be forwarded normally.
User can disable the port from learning any new MAC addresses, then
use the static MAC addresses screen to define a list of MAC addresses
that can use the secure port. Enter the settings, then click Apply button
to change on this page.
User can disable/Enable port broadcast storm filtering option by port.
The filter mode and filter packets type can be select in Switch Setting >
Misc Config page.
User can disable/Enable port jumbo frame option by port. When port
jumbo frame is enable, the port forward jumbo frame packet.
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Port Status
This page displays current port configurations and operating status - it is a ports'
configurations summary table. Via the summary table, you can find the status of
each port clear at a glance, like Port Link Up/Link Down status, negotiation, Link
Speed, Rate Control, Duplex mode and Flow Control.
Figure 42: Port Status interface
Port Statistics
The following chart shows the current statistic information that displays the real-time
packet transfer status for each port. The user might use the information to plan and
implement the network, or check and find problems when collisions or heavy traffic
occurs.
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Figure 43: Port Statistics interface
This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
Port The port number.
Link The status of linking-'Up' or 'Down'
State
Tx Good Packet The counts of transmitting good packets via this port.
Tx Bad Packet
Rx Good Packet The counts of receiving good packets via this port.
Rx Bad Packet
Tx Abort Packet The aborted packet while transmitting.
Packet Collision The counts of collision packet.
Packet Dropped The counts of dropped packet.
Rx Bcast Packet The counts of broadcast packet.
Set by Port Control. When the state is disabled, the port will not transmit
or receive any packet.
The counts of transmitting bad packets (including undersize [less than
64 octets], oversize, CRC Align errors, fragments and jabbers packets)
via this port.
The counts of receiving good packets (including undersize [less than 64
octets], oversize, CRC error, fragments and jabbers) via this port.
Rx Mcast Packet The counts of multicast packet.
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Port Sniffer
The Port Sniffer (mirroring) is a method for monitor traffic in switched networks.
Traffic through a port can be monitored by one specific port. That is, traffic goes in or
out a monitored port will be duplicated into the sniffer port.
Figure 44: Port Mirror application
Configuring the port mirroring by assigning a source port from which to copy all
packets and a destination port where those packets will be sent.
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Figure 45: Port Sniffer interface
This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
Select a sniffer mode:
• Disable
Sniffer Type
Analysis (Monitoring) Port
Monitored Port
• Rx
• Tx
• Both
It' means Analysis port can be used to see the traffic on another port
you want to monitor. You can connect Analysis port to LAN analyzer or
netxray.
The port you want to monitor. The monitor port traffic will be copied to
the Analysis port. You can select one monitor per ports in the switch.
User can choose which port that they want to monitor in only one
sniffer type.
NOTE: When the Mirror Mode set to RX or TX and the Analysis Port is selected, the
packets to and from the Analysis Port will not be transmitted. The Analysis Port will
accept only COPIED packets from the Monitored Port.
If you want to disable the function, you must select the monitor port to none.
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Protected Port
There are two protected port groups, ports in different groups can't communicate.
In the same group, protected ports can't communicate with each other, but can
communicate with unprotected ports. Unprotected ports can communicate with any
ports, including protected ports
Figure 46: Protected Port setting web interface
This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
Port ID Identify the Managed Switch interface.
Enable the Protected function on the selected port.
Protected
Group 1 Set the protected port to be Group 1 member.
Group 2 Set the protected port to be Group 2 member.
If the check box is not shown as
can communicate with any ports - including protected ports
, then this port a unprotected port and it
NOTE: Usually, set the Uplink port or the Port that is connected to the Core switch or
router to be the untagged port.
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VLAN Configuration
VLAN Overview
A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) is a network topology configured according to a
logical scheme rather than the physical layout. VLAN can be used to combine any
collection of LAN segments into an autonomous user group that appears as a single
LAN. VLAN also logically segment the network into different broadcast domains so
that packets are forwarded only between ports within the VLAN. Typically, a VLAN
corresponds to a particular subnet, although not necessarily.
VLAN can enhance performance by conserving bandwidth, and improve security by
limiting traffic to specific domains.
A VLAN is a collection of end nodes grouped by logic instead of physical location. End
nodes that frequently communicate with each other are assigned to the same VLAN,
regardless of where they are physically on the network. Logically, a VLAN can be
equated to a broadcast domain, because broadcast packets are forwarded to only
members of the VLAN on which the broadcast was initiated.
NOTE:
1. No matter what basis is used to uniquely identify end nodes and assign these
nodes VLAN membership, packets cannot cross VLAN without a network device
performing a routing function between the VLAN.
2. The Managed Switch supports IEEE 802.1Q VLAN. The port untagging function can
be used to remove the 802.1 tag from packet headers to maintain compatibility with
devices that are tag-unaware.
The Managed Switch supports IEEE 802.1Q (tagged-based) and Port-Base VLAN
setting in web management page. In the default configuration, VLAN support is
"802.1Q".
• Port-based VLAN
Port-based VLAN limit traffic that flows into and out of switch ports. Thus, all devices
connected to a port are members of the VLAN(s) the port belongs to, whether there is
a single computer directly connected to a switch, or an entire department.
On port-based VLAN.NIC do not need to be able to identify 802.1Q tags in packet
headers. NIC send and receive normal Ethernet packets. If the packet's destination
lies on the same segment, communications take place using normal Ethernet
protocols. Even though this is always the case, when the destination for a packet lies
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on another switch port, VLAN considerations come into play to decide if the packet is
dropped by the Switch or delivered.
• IEEE 802.1Q VLANs
IEEE 802.1Q (tagged) VLAN are implemented on the Switch. 802.1Q VLAN require
tagging, which enables them to span the entire network (assuming all switches on
the network are IEEE 802.1Q-compliant).
VLAN allow a network to be segmented in order to reduce the size of broadcast
domains. All packets entering a VLAN will only be forwarded to the stations (over IEEE
802.1Q enabled switches) that are members of that VLAN, and this includes
broadcast, multicast and unicast packets from unknown sources.
VLAN can also provide a level of security to your network. IEEE 802.1Q VLAN will only
deliver packets between stations that are members of the VLAN. Any port can be
configured as either tagging or untagging. The untagging feature of IEEE 802.1Q
VLAN allows VLAN to work with legacy switches that don't recognize VLAN tags in
packet headers. The tagging feature allows VLAN to span multiple 802.1Q-compliant
switches through a single physical connection and allows Spanning Tree to be
enabled on all ports and work normally.
Any port can be configured as either tagging or untagging. The untagging feature of
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN allows VLAN to work with legacy switches that don't recognize
VLAN tags in packet headers. The tagging feature allows VLAN to span multiple
802.1Q-compliant switches through a single physical connection and allows
Spanning Tree to be enabled on all ports and work normally.
Some relevant terms:
- Tagging - The act of putting 802.1Q VLAN information into the header of a packet.
- Untagging - The act of stripping 802.1Q VLAN information out of the packet header.
• 802.1Q VLAN Tags
The figure below shows the 802.1Q VLAN tag. There are four additional octets
inserted after the source MAC address. Their presence is indicated by a value of
0x8100 in the Ether Type field. When a packet's Ether Type field is equal to 0x8100,
the packet carries the IEEE 802.1Q/802.1p tag. The tag is contained in the following
two octets and consists of 3 bits of user priority, 1 bit of Canonical Format Identifier
(CFI - used for encapsulating Token Ring packets so they can be carried across
Ethernet backbones), and 12 bits of VLAN ID (VID). The 3 bits of user priority are used
by 802.1p. The VID is the VLAN identifier and is used by the 802.1Q standard. Because
the VID is 12 bits long, 4094 unique VLAN can be identified.
The tag is inserted into the packet header making the entire packet longer by 4
octets. All of the information originally contained in the packet is retained.
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802.1Q Tag
User Priority CFI VLAN ID (VID)
3 bits 1 bits 12 bits
TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier) TCI (Tag Control Information)
2 bytes 2 bytes
Preamble
Destination
Address
6 bytes 6 bytes 4 bytes 2 bytes 46-1517 bytes 4 bytes
Source
Address
VLAN TAG
Ethernet
Type
Data FCS
The Ether Type and VLAN ID are inserted after the MAC source address, but before
the original Ether Type/Length or Logical Link Control. Because the packet is now a bit
longer than it was originally, the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) must be
recalculated.
Adding an IEEE802.1Q Tag
Dest. Addr. Src. Addr. Length/E. type Data Old CRC
Dest. Addr. Src. Addr. E. type Tag Length/E. type Data New CRC
Priority CFI VLAN ID
Original Ethernet
New Tagged Packet
• Port VLAN ID
Packets that are tagged (are carrying the 802.1Q VID information) can be transmitted
from one 802.1Q compliant network device to another with the VLAN information
intact. This allows 802.1Q VLAN to span network devices (and indeed, the entire
network - if all network devices are 802.1Q compliant).
Every physical port on a switch has a PVID. 802.1Q ports are also assigned a PVID, for
use within the switch. If no VLAN are defined on the switch, all ports are then
assigned to a default VLAN with a PVID equal to 1. Untagged packets are assigned
the PVID of the port on which they were received. Forwarding decisions are based
upon this PVID, in so far as VLAN are concerned. Tagged packets are forwarded
according to the VID contained within the tag. Tagged packets are also assigned a
PVID, but the PVID is not used to make packet forwarding decisions, the VID is.
Tag-aware switches must keep a table to relate PVID within the switch to VID on the
network. The switch will compare the VID of a packet to be transmitted to the VID of
the port that is to transmit the packet. If the two VID are different the switch will drop
the packet. Because of the existence of the PVID for untagged packets and the VID
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for tagged packets, tag-aware and tag-unaware network devices can coexist on the
same network.
A switch port can have only one PVID, but can have as many VID as the switch has
memory in its VLAN table to store them.
Because some devices on a network may be tag-unaware, a decision must be made
at each port on a tag-aware device before packets are transmitted - should the
packet to be transmitted have a tag or not? If the transmitting port is connected to a
tag-unaware device, the packet should be untagged. If the transmitting port is
connected to a tag-aware device, the packet should be tagged.
• Default VLANs
The Switch initially configures one VLAN, VID = 1, called "default." The factory default
setting assigns all ports on the Switch to the "default". As new VLAN are configured in
Port-based mode, their respective member ports are removed from the "default."
• VLAN and Link Aggregation Groups
In order to use VLAN segmentation in conjunction with port link aggregation groups,
you can first set the port link aggregation group(s), and then you may configure VLAN
settings. If you wish to change the port link aggregation grouping with VLAN already
in place, you will not need to reconfigure the VLAN settings after changing the port
link aggregation group settings. VLAN settings will automatically change in
conjunction with the change of the port link aggregation group settings.
Static VLAN Configuration
A Virtual LAN (VLAN) is a logical network grouping that limits the broadcast domain. It
allows you to isolate network traffic so only members of the VLAN receive traffic from
the same VLAN members. Basically, creating a VLAN from a switch is logically
equivalent of reconnecting a group of network devices to another Layer 2 switch.
However, all the network devices are still plug into the same switch physically.
The Managed Switch supports Port-based and 802.1Q (Tagged-based) VLAN in the
web management page. The default configuration, VLAN support is "802.1Q".
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Figure 47: Static VLAN interface
NOTE:
1. No matter what basis is used to uniquely identify end nodes and assign these
nodes VLAN membership, packets cannot cross VLAN without a network device
performing a routing function between the VLAN.
2. The Switch supports Port-based VLAN and IEEE 802.1Q VLAN. The port untagging
function can be used to remove the 802.1 tag from packet headers to maintain
compatibility with devices that are tag-unaware.
Port-Based VLAN
Packets can go among only members of the same VLAN group. Note all unselected
ports are treated as belonging to another single VLAN. If the port-based VLAN
enabled, the VLAN-tagging is ignored.
In order for an end station to send packets to different VLANs, it itself has to be either
capable of tagging packets it sends with VLAN tags or attached to a VLAN-aware
bridge that is capable of classifying and tagging the packet with different VLAN ID
based on not only default PVID but also other information about the packet, such as
the protocol.
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Figure 48: Port-based VLAN interface
Create a VLAN and add member ports to it
1. Click the hyperlink "VLAN" \ "Static VLAN" to enter the VLAN configuration
interface.
2. Select "Port Based VLAN" at the VLAN Operation Mode, to enable the port-
based VLAN function.
3. Click "Add" to create a new VLAN group. Figure 49 appears.
4. Type a name and Group ID for the new VLAN, the available range is 2-4094.
5. From the Available ports box, select ports to add to the Managed Switch and
click Add.
6. Click Apply.
7. You will see the VLAN Group displays.
8. If the port-based VLAN groups list over one page, please click "Next Page" to
view other VLAN groups on other page.
9. Use "Delete" button to delete unwanted port-based VLAN groups.
10. Use "Edit" button to modify existing port-based VLAN groups.
By adding ports to the VLAN you have created one port-based VLAN group
completely.
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Figure 49: Static VLAN interface
This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
VLAN Name
Group ID
Port Indicate port 1 to port 26.
Member
Use this optional field to specify a name for the VLAN. It can be up to 16
alphanumeric characters long, including blanks.
You can configure the ID number of the VLAN by this item. This field is
used to add VLANs one at a time. The VLAN group ID and available
range is 2-4094.
Add Defines the interface as a Port-Based member of a VLAN.
Remove Forbidden ports are not included in the VLAN.
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NOTE: All unselected ports are treated as belonging to another single VLAN. If the
port-based VLAN is enabled, the VLAN-tagging is ignored.
802.1Q VLAN
Tagged-based VLAN is an IEEE 802.1Q specification standard. Therefore, it is possible
to create a VLAN across devices from different switch venders. IEEE 802.1Q VLAN
uses a technique to insert a "tag" into the Ethernet frames. Tag contains a VLAN
Identifier (VID) that indicates the VLAN numbers.
You can create and delete Tag-based VLAN. There are 256 VLAN groups to provide
configure. Enable 802.1Q VLAN, the all ports on the switch belong to default VLAN,
VID is 1. The default VLAN can't be deleting.
Understand nomenclature of the Switch
• IEEE 802.1Q Tagged and Untagged
Every port on an 802.1Q compliant switch can be configured as tagged or untagged.
Tagged Ports with tagging enabled will put the VID number, priority and other VLAN information
into the header of all packets that flow into those ports. If a packet has previously been
tagged, the port will not alter the packet, thus keeping the VLAN information intact. The
VLAN information in the tag can then be used by other 802.1Q compliant devices on the
network to make packet-forwarding decisions.
Untagged Ports with untagging enabled will strip the 802.1Q tag from all packets that flow into
those ports. If the packet doesn't have an 802.1Q VLAN tag, the port will not alter the
packet. Thus, all packets received by and forwarded by an untagging port will have no
802.1Q VLAN information. (Remember that the PVID is only used internally within the
Switch). Untagging is used to send packets from an 802.1Q-compliant network device to
a non-compliant network device.
Frame Income
Frame Leave
Leave port is tagged Frame remains tagged Tag is inserted
Leave port is untagged Tag is removed Frame remain untagged
Income Frame is tagged Income Frame is untagged
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VLAN Group Configuration
• VLAN Group Configuration
Figure 50: VLAN Group Configuration interface
1. Click the hyperlink "VLAN" \ "Static VLAN" to enter the VLAN configuration
interface.
2. Select "802.1Q" at the VLAN Operation Mode, to enable the 802.1Q VLAN
function.
3. Click Add to create a new VLAN group or Edit to management exist VLAN
groups. Then the VLAN Group column appears.
4. Input a VLAN group ID and available range is 2-4094.
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Figure 51: VLAN Group Configuration interface
5. Select specific port as member port. Figure 52 appears.
6. After setup completed, please press "Apply" button to take effect.
7. Please press "Back" for return to VLAN configuration screen to add other VLAN
group.
8. If there are many groups that over the limit of one page, you can click Next to
view other VLAN groups.
9. Use Delete button to delete unwanted VLAN.
10. Use Edit button to modify existing VLAN group.
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Figure 52: 802.1Q VLAN Setting Web Page screen
This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
VLAN Name
VLAN ID
Port Indicate port 1 to port 26.
UnTag Member
Use this optional field to specify a name for the VLAN. It can be up to 16
alphanumeric characters long, including blanks.
You can configure the ID number of the VLAN by this item. This field is
used to add VLANs one at a time.
The VLAN group ID and available range is 2-4094.
Untag Packets forwarded by the interface are untagged.
Defines the interface as a tagged member of a VLAN. All
Tag
packets forwarded by the interface are tagged. The
packets contain VLAN information.
NOTE: Enable 802.1Q VLAN, the all ports on the switch belong to default VLAN, VID is
1. The default VLAN can't be deleted.
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VLAN Filter
• 802.1Q VLAN Port Configuration
This page is used for configuring the Switch port VLAN. The VLAN per Port
Configuration page contains fields for managing ports that are part of a VLAN. The
port default VLAN ID (PVID) is configured on the VLAN Port Configuration page. All
untagged packets arriving to the device are tagged by the ports PVID.
This section provides 802.1Q Ingress Filter of each port from the Switch, the screen in
Figure 53 appears.
Figure 53: 802.1Q Ingress filter interface
This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
NO Indicate port 1 to port 26.
Set the port VLAN ID that will be assigned to untagged traffic on a given
port. This feature is useful for accommodating devices that you want to
participate in the VLAN but that don't support tagging.
PVID
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The switch each port allows user to set one VLAN ID, the range is 1-255,
default VLAN ID is 1.
The VLAN ID must as same as the VLAN ID that the port belong to VLAN
group, or the untagged traffic will be dropped.
Chapter 4: Web-Based Management
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
Ingress filtering lets frames belonging to a specific VLAN to be
forwarded if the port belongs to that VLAN.
Ingress Filtering 1
Ingress Filtering 2
Apply button Press the button to save configurations.
Enable: Forward only packets with VID matching this port's configured
VID.
Disable: Disable Ingress filter function.
Drop untagged frame.
Disable: Acceptable all Packet.
Enable: Only packet with match VLAN ID can be permission to go
through the port.
802.1Q VLAN
• IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling (Q-in-Q)
IEEE 802.1Q Tunneling (QinQ) is designed for service providers carrying traffic for
multiple customers across their networks. QinQ tunneling is used to maintain
customer-specific VLAN and Layer 2 protocol configurations even when different
customers use the same internal VLAN IDs. This is accomplished by inserting Service
Provider VLAN (SPVLAN) tags into the customer's frames when they enter the service
provider's network, and then stripping the tags when the frames leave the network.
A service provider's customers may have specific requirements for their internal VLAN
IDs and number of VLANs supported. VLAN ranges required by different customers in
the same service-provider network might easily overlap, and traffic passing through
the infrastructure might be mixed. Assigning a unique range of VLAN IDs to each
customer would restrict customer configurations, require intensive processing of
VLAN mapping tables, and could easily exceed the maximum VLAN limit of 4096.
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The Managed Switch supports multiple VLAN tags and can therefore be used in MAN
applications as a provider bridge, aggregating traffic from numerous independent
customer LANs into the MAN (Metro Access Network) space. One of the purposes of
the provider bridge is to recognize and use VLAN tags so that the VLANs in the MAN
space can be used independent of the customers' VLANs. This is accomplished by
adding a VLAN tag with a MAN-related VID for frames entering the MAN. When
leaving the MAN, the tag is stripped and the original VLAN tag with the customerrelated VID is again available.
This provides a tunneling mechanism to connect remote costumer VLANs through a
common MAN space without interfering with the VLAN tags. All tags use EtherType
0x8100 or 0x88A8, where 0x8100 is used for customer tags and 0x88A8 are used for
service provider tags.
In cases where a given service VLAN only has two member ports on the switch, the
learning can be disabled for the particular VLAN and can therefore rely on flooding as
the forwarding mechanism between the two ports. This way, the MAC table
requirements are reduced.
Q-in-Q Port Setting
The QinQ VLAN \ QinQ Port Setting screen in Figure 54 appears.
Figure 54: Q-in-Q Port Setting interface
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This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
Enable Sets the Managed Switch to QinQ mode, and allows the
QinQ tunnel port to be configured.
QinQ
Disable The Managed Switch operates in its normal VLAN mode.
The default is for the Managed Switch to function in Disable mode.
The Tag Protocol Identifier (TPID) specifies the ethertype of incoming
packets on a tunnel access port.
QinQ TPID
Port QinQ
QinQ Uplink
• 802.1Q Tag : 8100
• vMAN Tag : 88A8
Default : 802.1Q Tag.
Check: Sets the Port to QinQ mode. Or the port operates in its normal
VLAN mode.
Default: Un-check.
Check Configures IEEE 802.1Q tunneling (QinQ) for an uplink
port to another device within the service provider
network.
Cancel Configures IEEE 802.1Q tunneling (QinQ) for a client
access port to segregate and preserve customer VLAN
IDs for traffic crossing the service provider network.
Q-in-Q Tunnel Setting
Business customers of service providers often have specific requirements for VLAN
IDs and the number of VLANs to be supported. The VLAN ranges required by different
customers in the same service-provider network might overlap, and traffic of
customers through the infrastructure might be mixed. Assigning a unique range of
VLAN IDs to each customer would restrict customer configurations and could easily
exceed the VLAN limit (4096) of the IEEE 802.1Q specification.
Using the QinQ feature, service providers can use a single VLAN to support customers
who have multiple VLANs. Customer VLAN IDs are preserved, and traffic from
different customers is segregated within the service-provider network, even when
they appear to be in the same VLAN. Using QinQ expands VLAN space by using a
VLAN-in-VLAN hierarchy and retagging the tagged packets. A port configured to
support QinQ is called a QinQ user-port. A port configured to support QinQ Uplink is
called a QinQ uplink-port.
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Figure 55: Q-in-Q Tunnel Setting interface
• To configure the QinQ Port do the following:
1. Enable global QinQ function: select QinQ enable "Enable".
2. Fill QinQ Tpid.
3. Enable port QinQ function: select QinQ checkbox for special port.
4. Enable port QinQ Uplink function: select QinQ Uplink checkbox for special port.
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GVRP VLAN
GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol or Generic VLAN Registration Protocol) is a
protocol that facilitates control of virtual local area networks (VLANs) within a larger
network. GVRP conforms to the IEEE 802.1Q specification, which defines a method of
tagging frames with VLAN configuration data. This allows network devices to
dynamically exchange VLAN configuration information with other devices.
GVRP Setting
To configure GVRP
Enable global GVRP function: select GVRP enable "Enable".
Enable port GVRP function: select GVRP checkbox for special port.
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Figure 56: GVRP Configuration web interface
This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
GVRP Enable global GVRP function
Port Indicate port 1 to port 10.
Port GVRP Enable selected port GVRP function
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GVRP Table
The GVRP Table can be used to display dynamic VLANs from being learned via GVRP.
Figure 57: GVRPTable web interface
This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
Display the learned VLANs via GVRP protocol on GVRP enabled ports.
VLAN ID
The Managed Switch allows displaying up to 128 dynamic VLAN entries.
Port Members Identify the GVRP enabled port that dynamic VLAN is learned from.
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Rapid Spanning Tree
The Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) is an evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol
and provides for faster spanning tree convergence after a topology change. The
system also supports STP and the system will auto-detect the connected device that
is running STP or RSTP protocol.
Theory
The Spanning Tree protocol can be used to detect and disable network loops, and to
provide backup links between switches, bridges or routers. This allows the switch to
interact with other bridging devices in your network to ensure that only one route
exists between any two stations on the network, and provide backup links which
automatically take over when a primary link goes down. The spanning tree
algorithms supported by this switch include these versions:
• STP - Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1D)
• RSTP - Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1w)
The IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol and IEEE 802.1W Rapid Spanning Tree
Protocol allow for the blocking of links between switches that form loops within the
network. When multiple links between switches are detected, a primary link is
established. Duplicated links are blocked from use and become standby links. The
protocol allows for the duplicate links to be used in the event of a failure of the
primary link. Once the Spanning Tree Protocol is configured and enabled, primary
links are established and duplicated links are blocked automatically. The reactivation
of the blocked links (at the time of a primary link failure) is also accomplished
automatically without operator intervention.
This automatic network reconfiguration provides maximum uptime to network users.
However, the concepts of the Spanning Tree Algorithm and protocol are a
complicated and complex subject and must be fully researched and understood. It is
possible to cause serious degradation of the performance of the network if the
Spanning Tree is incorrectly configured. Please read the following before making any
changes from the default values.
The Switch STP performs the following functions:
• Creates a single spanning tree from any combination of switching or bridging
elements.
• Creates multiple spanning trees - from any combination of ports contained within
a single switch, in user specified groups.
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• Automatically reconfigures the spanning tree to compensate for the failure,
addition, or removal of any element in the tree.
• Reconfigures the spanning tree without operator intervention.
Bridge Protocol Data Units
For STP to arrive at a stable network topology, the following information is used:
• The unique switch identifier
• The path cost to the root associated with each switch port
• The port identifier
STP communicates between switches on the network using Bridge Protocol Data
Units (BPDUs). Each BPDU contains the following information:
• The unique identifier of the switch that the transmitting switch currently believes
is the root switch.
• The path cost to the root from the transmitting port.
• The port identifier of the transmitting port.
The switch sends BPDUs to communicate and construct the spanning-tree topology.
All switches connected to the LAN on which the packet is transmitted will receive the
BPDU. BPDUs are not directly forwarded by the switch, but the receiving switch uses
the information in the frame to calculate a BPDU, and, if the topology changes,
initiates a BPDU transmission.
The communication between switches via BPDUs results in the following:
• One switch is elected as the root switch.
• The shortest distance to the root switch is calculated for each switch.
• A designated switch is selected. This is the switch closest to the root switch
through which packets will be forwarded to the root.
• A port for each switch is selected. This is the port providing the best path from the
switch to the root switch.
• Ports included in the STP are selected.
Creating a Stable STP Topology
To make the root port the fastest link. If all switches have STP enabled with default
settings, the switch with the lowest MAC address in the network will become the root
switch. By increasing the priority (lowering the priority number) of the best switch, STP
can be forced to select the best switch as the root switch.
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When STP is enabled using the default parameters, the path between source and
destination stations in a switched network might not be ideal. For instance,
connecting higher-speed links to a port that has a higher number than the current
root port can cause a root-port change.
STP Port States
The BPDUs take some time to pass through a network. This propagation delay can
result in topology changes where a port that transitioned directly from a Blocking
state to a Forwarding state could create temporary data loops. Ports must wait for
new network topology information to propagate throughout the network before
starting to forward packets. They must also wait for the packet lifetime to expire for
BPDU packets that were forwarded based on the old topology. The forward delay
timer is used to allow the network topology to stabilize after a topology change. In
addition, STP specifies a series of states a port must transition through to further
ensure that a stable network topology is created after a topology change.
Each port on a switch using STP exists is in one of the following five states:
• Blocking - the port is blocked from forwarding or receiving packets.
• Listening - the port is waiting to receive BPDU packets that may tell the port to go
back to the blocking state.
• Learning - the port is adding addresses to its forwarding database, but not yet
forwarding packets.
• Forwarding - the port is forwarding packets.
• Disabled - the port only responds to network management messages and must
return to the blocking state first.
A port transitions from one state to another as follows:
• From initialization (switch boot) to blocking.
• From blocking to listening or to disabled.
• From listening to learning or to disabled.
• From learning to forwarding or to disabled.
• From forwarding to disabled.
• From disabled to blocking.
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Figure 58: STP Port State Transitions
You can modify each port state by using management software. When you enable
STP, every port on every switch in the network goes through the blocking state and
then transitions through the states of listening and learning at power up. If properly
configured, each port stabilizes to the forwarding or blocking state. No packets
(except BPDUs) are forwarded from, or received by, STP enabled ports until the
forwarding state is enabled for that port.
Illustration of STP
A simple illustration of three switches connected in a loop is depicted in the following
figure. In this example, you can anticipate some major network problems if the STP
assistance is not applied.
If switch A broadcasts a packet to switch B, switch B will broadcast it to switch C, and
switch C will broadcast it to back to switch A and so on. The broadcast packet will be
passed indefinitely in a loop, potentially causing a network failure. In this example,
STP breaks the loop by blocking the connection between switch B and C. The decision
to block a particular connection is based on the STP calculation of the most current
Bridge and Port settings.
Now, if switch A broadcasts a packet to switch C, then switch C will drop the packet
at port 2 and the broadcast will end there. Setting-up STP using values other than the
defaults, can be complex. Therefore, you are advised to keep the default factory
settings and STP will automatically assign root bridges/ports and block loop
connections. Influencing STP to choose a particular switch as the root bridge using
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the Priority setting, or influencing STP to choose a particular port to block using the
Port Priority and Port Cost settings is, however, relatively straight forward.
Figure 59: Before Applying the STA Rules
In this example, only the default STP values are used.
Figure 60: After Applying the STA Rules
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The switch with the lowest Bridge ID (switch C) was elected the root bridge, and the
ports were selected to give a high port cost between switches B and C. The two
(optional) Gigabit ports (default port cost = 4) on switch A are connected to one
(optional) Gigabit port on both switch B and C. The redundant link between switch B
and C is deliberately chosen as a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet link (default port cost = 19).
Gigabit ports could be used, but the port cost should be increased from the default to
ensure that the link between switch B and switch C is the blocked link.
STP Parameters
STP Operation Levels
The Switch allows for two levels of operation: the switch level and the port level. The
switch level forms a spanning tree consisting of links between one or more switches.
The port level constructs a spanning tree consisting of groups of one or more ports.
The STP operates in much the same way for both levels.
NOTE: On the switch level, STP calculates the Bridge Identifier for each switch and
then sets the Root Bridge and the Designated Bridges.
On the port level, STP sets the Root Port and the Designated Ports.
The following are the user-configurable STP parameters for the switch level:
PARAMETER DESCRIPTION DEFAULT VALUE
A combination of the User-set priority and the
Bridge Identifier (Not
user configurable
except by setting
priority below)
Priority
Hello Time
Maximum Age Timer
switch's MAC address.
The Bridge Identifier consists of two parts:
a 16-bit priority and a 48-bit Ethernet MAC address
32768 + MAC.
A relative priority for each switch - lower numbers
give a higher priority and a greater chance of a given
switch being elected as the root bridge.
The length of time between broadcasts of the hello
message by the switch.
Measures the age of a received BPDU for a port and
ensures that the BPDU is discarded when its age
exceeds the value of the maximum age timer.
32768 + MAC
32768
2 seconds
20 seconds
The amount time spent by a port in the learning and
Forward Delay Timer
listening states waiting for a BPDU that may return
the port to the blocking state.
15 seconds
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The following are the user-configurable STP parameters for the port or port group
level:
PARAMETER DESCRIPTION DEFAULT VALUE
A relative priority for each switch - lower numbers give a
Port Priority
Port Cost
higher priority and a greater chance of a given switch being
elected as the root bridge.
A value used by STP to evaluate paths - STP calculates path
costs and selects the path with the minimum cost as the
active path.
128
200,000-100Mbps
Fast Ethernet ports
20,000-1000Mbps
Gigabit Ethernet ports
0 - Auto
Default Spanning-Tree Configuration
Feature Default Value
Enable state STP disabled for all ports
Port priority 128
Port cost 0
Bridge Priority 32,768
NOTE: The Hello Time cannot be longer than the Max. Age. Otherwise, a configuration
error will occur.
Observe the following formulas when setting the above parameters:
• Max. Age _ 2 x (Forward Delay - 1 second)
• Max. Age _ 2 x (Hello Time + 1 second)
RSTP System Configuration
This section provides RSTP-System Configuration from the Switch, the screen in
Figure 61 appears.
• The user can view spanning tree information of Root Bridge.
• The user can modify RSTP state. After modification, click the Apply button.
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Figure 61: RSTP System Configuration interface
This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
RSTP mode
Protocol Version
Priority (0-61440)
Max Age (6-40)
Hello Time (1-10)
Forward Delay Time (4-30)
The user must enable the RSTP function first before configuring the
related parameters.
A value used to specify the spanning tree protocol, the original
spanning tree protocol (STP, 802.1d) or the rapid spanning tree protocol
(RSTP, 802.1w).
The switch with the lowest value has the highest priority and is selected
as the root. If the value is changed, the user must reboot the switch.
The value must be a multiple of 4096 according to the protocol
standard rule.
The number of seconds a switch waits without receiving Spanning-tree
Protocol configuration messages before attempting a reconfiguration.
Enter a value between 6 through 40.
The time that controls the switch to send out the BPDU packet to check
RSTP current status.
Enter a value between 1 through 10.
The number of seconds a port waits before changing from its Rapid
Spanning-Tree Protocol learning and listening states to the forwarding
state.
Enter a value between 4 through 30.
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NOTE: Follow the rule as below to configure the MAX Age, Hello Time, and Forward
Delay Time.
2 x (Forward Delay Time value -1) > = Max Age value >= 2 x (Hello Time value +1).
NOTE: Each switch in a spanning-tree adopts the Hello Time, Forward Delay time, and
Max Age parameters of the root bridge, regardless of how it is configured.
Root Bridge Information
This page provides a status overview for all RSTP bridge instances.
The displayed table contains a row for each RSTP bridge instance, where the column
displays the following information:
The RSTP Bridge Status screen in Figure 62 appears.
Figure 62: RSTP Bridge Status page screenshot
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This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
Priority The bridge identifier of the root bridge. It is made up from the bridge priority and
the base MAC address of the bridge.
MAC Address The bridge identifier of the root bridge. It is made up from the bridge priority and
the base MAC address of the bridge.
Root Path Cost For the Root Bridge this is zero. For all other Bridges, it is the sum of the Port Path
Costs on the least cost path to the Root Bridge.
Root Port The switch port currently assigned the root port role.
Maximum Age Path Cost to the Designated Root for the Root Bridge.
Hello Time Minimum time between transmissions of Configuration BPDUs.
Forward Delay Derived value of the Root Port Bridge Forward Delay parameter.
Port Configuration
This web page provides the port configuration interface for RSTP. You can assign
higher or lower priority to each port. Rapid spanning tree will have the port with the
higher priority in forwarding state and block other ports to make certain that there is
no loop in the LAN.
Figure 63: RSTP Port Configuration interface
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This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
The cost of the path to the other bridge from this transmitting bridge at
Path Cost
Priority
Admin P2P
the specified port.
Enter a number 1 through 200,000,000.
Decide which port should be blocked by setting its priority as the lowest.
Enter a number between 0 and 240.
The value of priority must be the multiple of 16.
The rapid state transitions possible within RSTP are dependent upon
whether the port concerned can only be connected to exactly another
bridge (i.e. it is served by a point-to-point LAN segment), or can be
connected to two or more bridges (i.e. it is served by a shared medium
LAN segment). This function allows the P2P status of the link to be
manipulated administratively.
• YES means the port is regarded as a point-to-point link.
• NO means the port is regarded as a shared link.
• AUTO means the link type is determined by the auto-negotiation
between the two peers..
The port directly connected to end stations won't create bridging loop
Admin Edge
Admin Non STP
in the network. To configure the port as an edge port, set the port to
"YES" status.
The port includes the STP mathematic calculation.
• YES is not including STP mathematic calculation.
• NO is including the STP mathematic calculation.
NOTE: Path cost "0" is used to indicate auto-configuration mode. When the short path
cost method is selected and the default path cost recommended by the IEEE 8021w
standard exceeds 65,535, the default is set to 65,535.
By default, the system automatically detects the speed and duplex mode used on
each port, and configures the path cost according to the values shown below.
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Recommended STP Path Cost Range
Port Type IEEE 802.1D-1998 IEEE 802.1w-2001
Ethernet 50-600 200,000-20,000,000
Fast Ethernet 10-60 20,000-2,000,000
Gigabit Ethernet 3-10 2,000-200,000
Recommended STP Path Cost Range
Port Type Link Type IEEE 802.1D-1998 IEEE 802.1w-2001
Ethernet
Fast Ethernet Half Duplex
Gigabit Ethernet Full Duplex
Half Duplex
Full Duplex
Trunk
Full Duplex
Trunk
Trunk
100
95
90
19
18
15
4
3
2,000,000
1,999,999
1,000,000
200,000
100,000
50,000
10,000
5,000
Trunking
Port trunking is the combination of several ports or network cables to expand the
connection speed beyond the limits of any one single port or network cable. The
Managed Switch supports two types of port trunk technology:
• Static Trunk
• LACP
The Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) provides a standardized means for
exchanging information between Partner Systems on a link to allow their Link
Aggregation Control instances to reach agreement on the identity of the Link
Aggregation Group to which the link belongs, move the link to that Link Aggregation
Group, and enable its transmission and reception functions in an orderly manner. Link
aggregation lets you group up to eight consecutive ports into a single dedicated
connection. This feature can expand bandwidth to a device on the network. LACP
operation requires full-duplex mode, more detail information refers to IEEE 802.3ad.
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Aggregator Setting
This section provides Port Trunk-Aggregator Setting of each port from the Managed
Switch, the screen in Figure 64 appears.
Figure 64: Port Trunk-Aggregator setting interface (two ports are added to the left field with LACP
enabled)
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This page includes the following fields:
OBJECT DESCRIPTION
A value, which is used to identify the active LACP. The Managed Switch
System Priority
with the lowest value has the highest priority and is selected as the
active LACP peer of the trunk group.
Group ID
LACP
Work ports
There are 13 trunk groups to be selected. Assign the "Group ID" to the
trunk group.
• Enabled, the trunk group is using LACP. A port which joins an LACP
trunk group has to make an agreement with its member ports first.
• Disabled, the trunk group is a static trunk group. The advantage of
having the LACP disabled is that a port joins the trunk group without
any handshaking with its member ports; but member ports won't
know that they should be aggregated together to form a logic trunk
group.
This column field allows the user to type in the total number of active
port up to four. With LACP static trunk group, e.g. you assign four ports
to be the members of a trunk group whose work ports column field is
set as two; the exceed ports are standby/redundant ports and can be
aggregated if working ports fail. If it is a static trunk group (non-LACP),
the number of work ports must equal the total number of group
member ports.
NOTE: A trunk group, including member ports split between two switches, has to
enable the LACP function of the two switches.
Aggregator Information
When you had setup the LACP aggregator, you will see relation information in here.
• LACP disabled
Having set up the aggregator setting with LACP disabled, you will see the local static
trunk group information on the tab of Aggregator Information.
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