GE ApexPro User manual

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ApexPro

Site Survey and Installation

2001989-024 Revision B

™

Antenna System

127(Due to continuing product innovation, specifications in this manual are subject to change without notice.

Listed below are GE Medical Systems Information Technologies trademarks. All other trademarks contained herein are the property of their respective owners.

900 SC, ACCUSKETCH, AccuVision, APEX, AQUA-KNOT, ARCHIVIST, Autoseq, BABY MAC, C Qwik Connect, CardioServ, CardioSmart, CardioSys, CardioWindow, CASE, CD TELEMETRY, CENTRA, CHART GUARD, CINE 35, CORO, COROLAN, COROMETRICS, Corometrics Sensor Tip, CRG PLUS, DASH, Digistore, Digital DATAQ, E for M, EAGLE, Event-Link, FMS 101B, FMS 111, HELLIGE, IMAGE STORE, INTELLIMOTION, IQA, LASER SXP, MAC, MAC-LAB, MACTRODE, MANAGED USE, MARQUETTE, MARQUETTE MAC, MARQUETTE MEDICAL SYSTEMS, MARQUETTE UNITY NETWORK, MARS, MAX, MEDITEL, MEI, MEI in the circle logo, MEMOPORT, MEMOPORT C, MINISTORE, MINNOWS, Monarch 8000, MULTI-LINK, MULTISCRIPTOR, MUSE, MUSE CV, Neo-Trak, NEUROSCRIPT, OnlineABG, OXYMONITOR, Pres-R-Cuff, PRESSURE-SCRIBE, QMI, QS, Quantitative Medicine, Quantitative Sentinel, RAC RAMS, RSVP, SAM, SEER, SILVERTRACE, SOLAR, SOLARVIEW, Spectra 400, Spectra-Overview, Spectra-Tel, ST GUARD, TRAM, TRAM-NET, TRAM-RAC, TRAMSCOPE, TRIM KNOB, Trimline, UNION STATION, UNITY logo, UNITY NETWORK, Vari-X, Vari-X Cardiomatic, VariCath, VARIDEX, VAS, and Vision Care Filter are trademarks of GE Medical Systems Information Technologies registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

12SL, 15SL, Access, AccuSpeak, ADVANTAGE, BAM, BODYTRODE, Cardiomatic, CardioSpeak, CD TELEMETRY

-LAN, CENTRALSCOPE, Corolation, EDIC, EK-Pro, Event-Link Cirrus, Event-Link

Cumulus, Event-Link Nimbus, HI-RES, ICMMS, IMAGE VAULT, IMPACT.wf, INTER-LEAD, IQA,

LIFEWATCH, Managed Use, MARQUETTE PRISM, MARQUETTE MicroSmart, MMS, MRT, MUSE CardioWindow, NST PRO, NAUTILUS, O

RESPONDER, MENTOR,

SENSOR, Octanet, OMRS, PHi-

Res, Premium, Prism, QUIK CONNECT V, QUICK CONNECT, QT Guard, SMART-PAC, SMARTLOOK, Spiral Lok, Sweetheart, UNITY, Universal, Waterfall, and Walkmom are trademarks of GE Medical Systems Information Technologies.

T-2 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024 10 May 2001

Contents

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Manual Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3

Purpose of Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3

Intended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3

Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

Responsibility of the Manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4

Intended Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 -4

Definitions of Warnings, Cautions, and Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5

Equipment Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

Service Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

Service Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7

Equipment Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7

2 Equipment Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Receiver System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Antenna System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Multi-Path Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4

Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5

Signal-to-Noise Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5

Home Run vs. Daisy Chain Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5

Wireless Medical Telemetry Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6

Electromagnetic Compatibility Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Radiated RF Immunity Verification Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7

Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7

Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7

Antenna System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8

Interface with ApexPro Telemetry System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9

Interface with Multiple ApexPro Telemetry Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9

Receiver Antenna System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9

Receiver Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9

Antenna Amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9

Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9

Splitters/Combiners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System i

2001989-024

Attenuators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10

Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10

Bias Tee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10

Notch Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10

3 Site Survey and Antenna System Design . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Planning Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Roundtable Meeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Walk-Through Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Scaled Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6

Coaxial Cable Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6

Fire Code Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6

Ducts and Air-Handling Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6

Vertical Shafts and Non-Air-handling Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6

Splitter and Power Supply Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7

Equipment Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7

Room Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7

Hospital Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8

Number of Floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8

RF Interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8

Identify Noise Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8

Penetration Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-9

ApexPro Antenna Survey Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-10

2005352-003, U.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-10

2005352-004, International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-10

Spectrum Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-11

Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-12

Define the Antenna Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13

Identify Strong Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13

Choose Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-14

560-614MHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

420-474MHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

Data Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

Antenna System Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16

Coaxial Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-16

Antenna Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-16

System Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-16

Antenna Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-17

Antenna Runs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-17

Power Supply Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-17

ii ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Recommended Antenna Layout Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18

Standard Antenna Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-18

Hallway Antenna Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-19

Deep-Room Antenna Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-19

Multiple Floor Antenna Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-19

Antenna Logical Schematic Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21

Four Field Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-21

Multiple Power Supply Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-22

Multiple Receiver System Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-23

System Gain/Loss Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26

Coaxial Cable Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-26

Splitter/Combiner Losses and Amplifier Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-26

Calculate Signal Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27

How to Fill Out the Signal Loss Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27

Create a Bill of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-31

Calculate Voltage Drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32

Completion and Documentation of Site Survey and System Design . . . . . . . . . 3-33

4 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Install Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Coaxial Cable Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

Strippers and Crimpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5

RG-6 Cable Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7

RG-11 Cable Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-8

Install Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

Install Antenna Amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

Install Power Supplies and Bias Tees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12

Install Notch Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12

Test Antenna Components Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13

Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-13

Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-13

Scan for Noise and Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14

Program Transmitters and Document TTX Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15

Notch Filter Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-15

Program and Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System iii

2001989-024

5 Checkout Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Required Tools and Special Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Check Antenna System Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

6 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

Required Tools and Special Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

Troubleshooting an Antenna System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-4

Extended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-4

Troubleshooting ECG Dropout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

TTX Dropout Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-5

External Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6

TTX Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-6

High Noise Floor on an Antenna Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-6

Low Transmitter Signal at the Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7

Defective Antenna or Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7

Defective Receiver System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7

Measure Antenna Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8

7 Parts Lists and Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

ApexPro Antenna 560–614MHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

ApexPro Antenna Hi Pwr 420–474MHz or 560–614MHz . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

ApexPro Antenna Passive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

Power Supply, PN 422766-001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

Bias Tee, PN 2001546-001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7

Antenna Amplifier, PN 2001727-00X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8

Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9

RG-6 and RG-11 Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-9

Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10

F-Type, RG-11, Riser Male Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-10

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F-Type, RG-6, Riser Male Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-10

F-Type, RG-11, Plenum Male Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-11

F-Type, RG-6, Plenum Male Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-11

Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12

Female F – Female F Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-12

Male F – Male F Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-12

Block and Terminator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13

75 Ohm Terminator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-13

DC Power Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-13

Splitters/Combiners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14

DC Passing Attenuators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15

Notch Filters, PN 2005063-0xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16

Power Cords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18

Appendix A – TTX Frequency Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1

International (420-474MHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3

U.S. (560-614MHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-17

Appendix B – TV Channel Frequen cy Char t for U.S. . . . .B-1

Appendix C – Signal Loss Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1

Appendix D – Radio Astronomy Sites for U.S. . . . . . . . . .D-1

Radio Astronomy Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System v

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For your notes

vi ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

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1 Introduction

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 1-1

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For your notes

1-2 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

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Manual Information

Revision History

Each page of the document has the document part number and revision letter at the bottom of the page. The revision letter changes whenever the document is updated.

Purpose of Manual

This manual is intended for service representatives and technical personnel involved with installing and maintaining an antenna system for GE Medical Systems Information Technologies telemetry systems. The purpose of this manual is to aid in the design, layout, testing, and troubleshooting of a telemetry antenna system. It is also intended as a guide to be used with service technical support for solving common telemetry antenna problems.

Introduction: Manual Information

Revision Date Comment

A 3 November 2000 Initial release B 10 May 2001 Updated for international release.

Intended Audience

This manual is intended for use by trained service representatives and biomedical engineers with a background in electronics, including analog and digital circuitry with RF and microprocessor architectures.

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 1-3

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Introduction: Safety Information

Safety Information

Responsibility of the Manufacturer

GE Medical Systems Information Technologies is responsible for the effects of safety, reliability, and performance only if:

Assembly operations, extensions, readjustments, modifications, or repairs are carried out by persons authorized by GE Medical Systems Information Technologies;

The electrical installation of the relevant room complies with the requirements of the appropriate regulations; and

The device is used in accordance with the instructions for use.

Intended Use

This device is intended for use under the direct supervision of a licensed health care practitioner.

This device is not intended for home use. Federal law restricts these devices to be sold by or on the order of a

physician. Contact GE Medical Systems Information Technologies for information

before connecting any devices to the equipment that are not recommended in this manual.

Parts and accessories used must meet the requirements of the applicable IEC 60601 series safety standards, and/or the system configuration must meet the requirements of the IEC 60601 medical electrical systems standard.

Periodically, and whenever the integrity of the device is in doubt, test all functions.

The use of ACCESSORY equipment not complying with the equivalent safety requirements of this equipment may lead to a reduced level of safety of the resulting system. Consideration relating to the choice shall include:

use of the accessory in the PATIENT VICINITY; and

evidence that the safety certification of the ACCESSORY has been performed in accordance to the appropriate IEC 60601 and/ or IEC 60601 harmonized national standard.

If the installation of the equipment, in the USA, uses 240V rather than 120V, the source must be a center-tapped, 240V, single-phase circuit.

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Introduction: Safety Information

Definitions of Warnings, Cautions, and Notes

Danger, Warnings, Cautions, and Notes are used throughout this manual to designate a degree or level of hazar dous situations. Hazard is defined as a source of potential injury to a person.

'$1*(5

indicates a potential hazard or unsafe practice which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

:$51,1*

indicates a potential hazard or unsafe practice which, if not avoided, could result in minor personal injury or product/property damage.

&$87,21

provides application tips or other useful information to assure that you get the most from your equipment.

127(provides application tips or other useful information to assure

that you get the most from your equipment.

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Equipment Symbols

The following symbols appear on the equipment.

Introduction: Equipment Symbols

DC In/RF Out or DC Out/RF In

Attention: Consult accompanying documents before using the equipmen t.

DC In or RF In

RF Out or DC Out

For indoor use only.

Power supply cable configuration. + = Power

– = Return

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Service Information

Service Requirements

Follow the service requirements listed below.

Introduction: Service Information

Refer equipment servicing to GE Medical Systems Information Technologies’s authorized service personnel only.

Any unauthorized attempt to repair equipment under warranty voids that warranty.

It is the user’s responsibility to report the need for service to GE Medical Systems Information Technologies or to one of their authorized agents.

Failure on the part of the responsible individual, hospital, or institution using this equipment to implement a satisfactory maintenance schedule may cause undue equipment failure and possible health hazards.

Regular maintenance, irrespective of usage, is essential to ensure that the equipment will always be functional when required.

Equipment Identification

Every GE Medical Systems Information Technologies device has a unique serial number for identification. The serial number appears on the product label on the base of each unit.

D 0 XX 0005 G XX

Month Manufactured

A = January B = February C = March D = April E = May F = June G = July H = August J = September K = October L = November M = December

Year Manufactured

0 = 2000 1 = 2001 2 = 2002 (and so on)

Product Code

Two-character product descriptor

Product Sequence Number

Manufacturing number (of total units manufactured.)

Division

F = Cardiology G = Monitoring N= Freiburg Hellige

Device Characteristics

One or two letters that further describe the unit, for example: P = prototype not conforming to

marketing specification R = refurbished equipment S = special product documented

under Specials part numbers U = upgraded unit

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For your notes

Introduction: Service Information

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2 Equipment Overview

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For your notes

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Equipment Overview: Receiver System Overview

Receiver System Overview

The receiver system’s f unction is to selectively receive, demodulate, and decode a specified patient’s data that has been transmitted from a transmitter and broadcast on the RX network to the host application. Patient data is not stored here. The system only knows TTX numbers assigned from the host and forwards data to the host where a patient name is assigned.

The receiver system receives RF signals from the four antenna inputs. These inputs are for four separat e, overlapping fields. The system performs the following functions:

filters RF (backplane)

distributes RF to quad receiver modules (backplane)

demodulates and decodes transmitter data (quad receiver modules)

retrieves decoded data (backplane)

packetizes and sends dat a out over RX Ethernet (backplane)

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Equipment Overview: Antenna System Overview

Antenna System Overview

The function of the antenna system for telemetry is to offer transmitted signal coverage of a prescribed telemetry area. In addition, the antenna system should provide error-f ree reception of t he transmit ted data by the receiving system.

Some advantages of a GE Medical Systems Information Technologi es antenna system are:

handling multi-path signal interference by using a diversity style antenna system,

using home runs versus daisy chain style antenna cable runs.

These topics are detailed in the following sections along with some information on signal-to-noise ratio and an introduction to some of the main components used in an antenna system.

Multi-Path Signals

In an indoor environment, many signal paths exist between the transmitted signal and the re ceiving antenna. This is due to signal reflections from metal ceilings, metal walls, metal carts, and other reflective mediums. These reflected signals have different path lengths from the transmit device to the receiving antenna as compared to the direct signal path. If this indirect path i s i n the proper phase and amplitude when compared to the direct path, the indirect signal cancels the direct path signal. Refer to the figure below. As the path length changes, the signal cancellations (or nulls) also change and cause a dynamic multi-path environment.

Direct Signal Path

Transmitter

Indirect Signal Path

Metal Surface

Antenna

Null in Signal

Amplitude

Path Length

Sum of Direct and Indirect Transmitted Signal

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Diversity

Signal-to-Noise Ratio

Equipment Overview: Antenna System Overview

Diversity is defined as diffe rent or a difference. For a telemetry system, this difference is a different antenna connection or antenna field to obtain the telemetry signal. This different antenna connection is used to reduce the effects of multi-path signal cancellation (drop-out). There must be at least two different antenna systems or antenna fields for a diversity antenna system. The ApexPro Antenna System provides up to four antenna fields to provide diversity.

In the ApexPro Telemetry System diversity scheme, each telemetry receiver is continuously monitoring all four antenna fields. When a stronger antenna field is detected, the receiver switches receiving antenna fields to the stronger field. This feature results in the reduction of the effect of multi-path signals for a given receiving antenna field and provides a seamless switch betwee n antenna field s.

The signal-to-noise ratio is described as the level of the received signal compared to the level of the received noise. The detector in the receiver that recovers the digital data from the RF signal needs a given signal-tonoise ratio in order to operate error-free. The greater the signal-to-noise ratio above this minimum level, the better the detector operates. In an antenna system, the signal-to-noise ratio is determined by the amount of RF noise in the coverage area, the amplitude of the received signal, the amount of noise added by any amplifier stages in the antenna field, and the number of antennas connected to the antenna field. A related term is the noise floor. Generally speaking, the lower the noise floor, the greater the signal-to-noise ratio is for a given receive signal.

Home Run vs. Daisy Chain Connections

ApexPro Antenna System is based on the active home run style. This means that each antenna has its own cable run returning to the receiver system. This is in contrast to the daisy chain style connection where many antennas are connected together in a st ar format before con necting to the receiver system. Although the home run style system uses more antenna cable, it is easier to troubleshoot and easier to isolate individual antenna runs that have a high noise level.

To Receiver

Daisy Chain Antenna Style

To Receiver

2:1

Home Run Antenna Style

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2:1

Omni-Directional Antenna

Antenna Amplifier

2-to-1 Splitter

Equipment Overview: Antenna System Overview

Wireless Medical Telemetry Service

In June 2000 the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allocated new spectrum and established rules for Wireless Medical Telemetry Service (WMTS) allowing potentially life-critical equipment to operate on an interference-protected basis.

The frequency allocation for WMTS provides spectrum where the equipment can operate on a primary basis, increasing the reliability of this important service. The FCC allocated 14 MHz of spectrum for use by medical telemetry equipment in the 608-614 MHz, 1395-1400 MHz, and 1429-1432 MHz bands. This allocation was based on a needs assessment conducted by the American Hospital Association (AHA).

The 608-614 MHz band, which corresponds to TV channel 37 had been reserved for radio astronomy uses, so this action elevates medical telemetry to a co-primary status with radio astronomy in this band. The 1395-1400 MHz and 1429-1432 MHz bands were government bands reallocated for non-government use.

Medical telemetry equipment was operating on a secondary basis either on vacant TV channels under Part 15 of the rules or on special channels reserved for low-power operation under Part 90 of the rules. It was unprotected from interference from primary users. This action increases the reliability of medical telemetry equipment by making them coprimary users in their allocated band.

WMTS is designated as one of the Citizen’s Band Services in Part 95 of the rules and licensed by rule to eliminate the possible costs and delays to obtain individual operator’s licenses. The medical telemetry equipment is authorized under the certification procedure in Part 2 of the rules. One or more frequency coordinators maintain a database of all equipment used in conjunction with WMTS.

For more information visit http://www.fcc.gov.

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Equipment Overview: Electromagnetic Compatibility Compliance

Electromagnetic Compatibility Compliance

Radiated RF Immunity Verification Results

The ApexPro Telemetry System meets the requirements of EN60601-1-2 (1993-04) Medical Electrical Equipment, Part 1: General Requirements

for Safety, 2. Collateral Standard: Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements and tests, with the following exceptions.

127(This data was collected December 6 - 8, 1999.

Exceptions

EN60601-1-2 Second Edition Draft 200X-YY clause 2.210 Exclusion bands for intentional radiating/receiving devices = +/- 5% of frequency or frequency band.

EN60601-1-2 Second Edition Draft 200X-YY clause 36.202.3 - a - 4 – Radiated RF Electromagnetic fields Immunity - Exclusion Band

EN60601-1-2 Second Edition Draft 200X-YY clause 36.202.6 - a - 4 – Conducted RF Electromagnetic fields Immunity - Exclusion Band

Recommendations

The antenna system tested operates in a frequency band of 560 - 614 MHz. The allowable exclusion band would then be 532 - 645 MHz. The level of compliance is not 1 V/m in the ranges of 520 - 534 MHz and 645 - 660 MHz.

The transmitter tested operates at a frequency of 614 MHz. The allowable exclusion band would then be 583 - 645 MHz. The level of compliance is 1 V/m.

If operating under the conditions defined in EMC Standard EN60601-1-2 (Radiated Immunity 3 V/m), field strengths above 1 V/m may cause waveform distortions and erroneous numeric data at various electromagn e ti c inte rf er e nc e (E M I) fr eq ue n cie s.

Review the AAMI EMC Committee technical information report (TIR-18) titled Guidance on electromagnetic compatibility of medical devices for clinical/biomedical engineers - Part 1: Radiated radiofrequency electromagnetic energy. This TIR provides a means to evaluate and manage the EMI environment in the hospital.

The following actions can b e taken:

Manage (increase) distance between sources of EMI and susceptible devices.

Manage (remove) devices that are highly susceptible to EMI.

Reduce power from internal EMI sources under hospital control (i.e., paging systems).

Label devices susceptible to EMI.

Educate staff (nurses and doctors) to be aware of and to recognize potential EMI-related problems.

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 2-7

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Equipment Overview: Antenna System Components

Antenna System Components

The antenna system components include receiver antennas, amplifiers, antenna combiners/splitters, attenuators and antenna notch filters as needed, and DC power sources to power the receive antennas and antenna amplifiers. See the Parts Lists chapter for specific part numbers and descriptions.

The ApexPro Antenna System is not compatible with any previous telemetry systems due to the change in operating frequency.

Antenna

Cable

Antenna

Power Requirements

Combiner

+12 VDC 1A

The DC power requirements for the ApexPro Antenna System depend greatly on the configuration of each individual system. To ease the power requirements of the ApexPro Telemetry System, the power supply for the antenna system is external to the ApexPro Receiver System and separate from the antenna.

A power supply with 12Vdc 1A output is used in conjunction with a bias tee. One power supply minimum per antenna f ield with a maximum of 18 antennas/antenna amplifiers per power supply. If there are more than 18 antennas/antenna amplifiers per field, then segment the antenna field and divide the load of the antenna/antenna amplifiers to another power supply and bias tee. (Refer to the Signal Loss Chart on page 3-29.)

Bias

Tee

Power Supply

Splitter

ApexPro Receiver

System

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Equipment Overview: Antenna System Components

Interface with ApexPro Telemetry System

The interface between the antennas and the receiver system consists of coaxial cabling and connectors for transferring the transmitted signal.

The interface uses 75 ohm cable from each antenna field and ‘F’ style 75 ohm connectors as a connection medium. The preferred cable is RG-6, but for longer lengths RG-11 may be used.

Interface with Multiple ApexPro Telemetry Systems

To interface the antenna system with multiple ApexPro Receiver Systems, each antenna field in the antenna system is split into the appropriate number of tap points using combiners/splitters before connecting to each ApexPro Receiver System.

Receiver Antenna System

Each receiver antenna system is custom designed based on the coverage area and the location of the ApexPro Receiver System. Many factors determine the type of antenna system designed. The number of antenna fields needed must also be determined based on the specifics of the installation. See chapter 3, Site Survey and Antenna System Design for details.

Receiver Antenna

Antenna Amplifiers

Coaxial Cable

The receiver antenna is a circularly-polarized array of sloping half-wave dipoles. It exhibits an omni-directional coverage pattern and includes and active amplifier. The amplifier supplies 17dB of signal gain and draws approximately 55mA from as low as 8Vdc.

The receiver antenna comes with a standard drop ceiling T-bar mount. Refer to chapter 7, Parts Lists and Drawings for other mounting options.

The antenna amplifier boosts the signal when losses from other antenna components exceed the gain of the receiver antenna. It supplies 22dB signal gain and draws approximately 55mA from as low as 8Vdc. The antenna amplifier is dc passive and can pass up to 1A from input to output.

Coaxial cabling is used to connect the omni-directional antennas and cable amplifiers to the receiving equipment. Controlled impedance cabling is used and 75 ohm RG-6 type is recommended. Plenum or riser rated cable is used to meet NEC fire codes. RG-11 may be used if cable lengths become long and dB losses become excessive.

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Splitters/Combiners

Attenuators

Power Supply

Equipment Overview: Antenna System Components

Passive splitters/combiners split or combine the RF signal into multiple paths. The same splitter may also be used as a combiner to join multiple RF signals into one path. There are two, four, or eight way splitters available that are DC passive. All unused ports must be DC blocked and 75 ohm terminated.

Attenuators lower signals and balance antenna runs. The attenuators are DC passive and are available as 3 dB, 6 dB, 10 dB, and 20 dB attenuators.

A +12Vdc power supply at 1A supplies power to the antenna system. Power supplies accept AC voltages between 90-270Vac. AC inputs have internal fuses that are not replaceable. The output of the supply is short circuit protected.

Bias Tee

Notch Filters

The antenna bias tee allows the injection of DC power from the antenna power supply into the antenna system cabling. The bias tee supplies RF isolation between the RF signals on the antenna cabling and the power supply. It contains a DC block that blocks the conduction of dc power to the receiver system and associated hardware.

Use a bias tee with each power supply.

Notch filters are channel specific and notch out the TV video and audio signals. Notch filters may be required to attenuate strong analog or

digital TV stations between 560–614MHz if the signal levels are above

-50dBm.

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3 Site Survey and

Antenna System Design

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 3-1

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For your notes

3-2 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

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Overview

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Overview

&$87,21

Use this manual only as a guide for the design and installation of a telemetry antenna system. This manual does not predi ct or take into account all of the installation environmental conditions affecting the design and installation of a specific antenna system. Using this manual does not guarantee successful operation of an antenna system. If there are specific concerns about design or installation, contact GE Medical Systems Information Technologies technical support personnel.

&$87,21

Unintentional Radio Frequency (RF) Interference — Unintentional RF interference could degrade the reliability and performance of the wireless data link. The facility must maintain an RF environment free from unintentional interference.

The following is a summary of the steps necessary to complete an ApexPro Antenna System site survey and system design. This summary assumes that sales has received the order and arranged for a site survey with a telemetry installation specialist.

complete planning steps

hold roundtable meeting

perform a walk-through

complete a penetration check

design the system

complete the antenna logical schematic layout

document the survey The following is a summary of the installation specialist’s

responsibilities when documenting a site survey.

Mark the antennas according to the site surveys and scaled drawings.

Generate a bill of materials from the designed schematic and order parts to be sent to the site.

Create a schematic diagram of the antenna system.

List all installation process details.

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 3-3

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Planning Steps

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Planning Steps

Before performing a site survey, the antenna system must be carefully planned and designed. For a typical antenna system site, make sure the following steps have been completed.

1. Sales personnel has a confirmed and quoted antenna coverage area.

2. Sales personnel asks the customer for scaled drawings of all telemetry coverage areas and schedules the roundtable meeting.

3. U.S. Only

Installation specialist determines if channel 37 (608-614MHz) can be used. See Appendix D, Radio Astronomy Sites, for details.

Installation specialist determines if there are any other users of channel 37 by contacting frequency coordinator.

Contact Monitoring Technical Support at 800-558-7822 for an ApexPro Telemetry System survey kit and spectrum analyzer.

3. International

Installation specialist determines if frequencies between 420474MHz can be used.

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Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Roundtable Meeting

Roundtable Meeting

An on-site roundtable meeting organized by sales, is recommended and used as a transfer point from sales to the installation specialist. Listed below are the people required to attend the roundtable meeting.

The purpose of the roundtable meeting is to:

plant manager of maintenance

manager of biomedical engineering department

director of nursing

unit nurses of all coverage areas

monitoring salespeople

IS department head, if required

review the sales order

verify all telemetry coverage areas

identify equipment location

verify whether plenum or non-plenum cable is required

verify the responsibility for coaxial cable installation, and

determine ship and delivery dates of all equipment,

review any other RF emitter in the community.

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 3-5

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Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Walk-Through Criteria

Walk-Through Criteria

Complete a walk-through with all roundtable meeting attendees using the following important criteria to plan and design the antenna system.

Scaled Drawings

The first and most important requirement for antenna layout planning is a scaled drawing of the antenna coverage area of the hospital. It is essential that all areas of telemetry coverage be clearly marked on these scaled drawings such a pat ient rooms, hallways, and any remote areas.

Coaxial Cable Requirements

The National Electric Code (NEC) fire rating for the coaxial cable must be identified and documented. To fulfill NEC codes, you should use either riser-rated or plenum-rated coax.

Fire Code Compliance

The National Electric Code requires the coaxial cable installed in nonresidential buildings to comply with strict fire codes. Consider the following requirements.

:$51,1*

Fire Hazard. Check and comply with all local fire codes before installation.

Ducts and Air-Handling Spaces

Cabling installed in air-handling spaces poses a potentially dangerous condition in the event of a fire. Air ducts typically run unobstructed throughout the hospital, and any flame or smoke generated by wire and cable products spreads very quickly. Cabling installed in these airhandling spaces must pass the NFPA 262 (or UL-910) flame test. Use plenum cabling for this application.

Vertical Shafts and Non-Air-handling Spaces

Non-air-handling spaces include vertical shafts such as elevator shafts. Cables installed in such locations must pass the Vertical Riser Flame test of UL-1666. Use riser cabling for this application.

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Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Walk-Through Criteria

Splitter and Power Supply Location

Identify a central location in the telemetry coverage area to mount the splitters, preferably a communication closet for ease of installation and troubleshooting. This is also the termination location for all of the antennas.

For multi-floor antenna coverage, it may be best to have a splitter location per floor to reduce cable run distances and aid the balance of the antenna system. Locate the splitter centrally near cable feed-throughs.

The power supply and bias tee location depends on antenna loading per power supply. See “Power Su pply Design” on page 3-17. Generally, it is

best to have splitters and power supplies mounted t o plywood (must meet fire codes) for ease of tuning the system or troubleshooti ng.

Equipment Location

You must indicate the location of the telemetry Receiver Systems, central stations, and any other optional equipment on the scaled drawings. This information is essential for planning coaxial cable lengths and antenna locations. Design the antenna system so antennas are not mounted near electronic de v ic e s. So me de v ic e s ge n erate radiated emissi on s .

Room Construction

Use a dedicated connection between the Receiver System RX network and the CIC with ApexPro.

If the distance between the CIC with ApexPro and the Receiver System is less than 100 meters (328 ft.), then use point-to-point with crossover cable (null modem) connection.

If the distance is greater than 100 meters (328 ft.) then use either an additional hub or use fiber optic cable.

127(Do not connect multiple Receiver Systems on the Unity MC, IX,

or RX networks. A dedicated network is critical because it is realtime unprocessed patient data.

The construction of the rooms must be provided for antenna system planning. Location of patient bathrooms with respect to hallways and accessibility to the ceilings above the rooms for the installation of the coaxial cabling must be identified on the scaled drawings. This information helps in determining the antenna spacing and the location of the antennas for easy installation.

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Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Walk-Through Criteria

Hospital Construction

Number of Floors

RF Interference

The building materials used in the construction of the hospital’s infrastructure are important for design planning. Any metal lathe walls, metal ceilings, fire stop requirements in the walls, or any other special requirements must be indicated on the scaled drawings. This helps determine the placement of the antennas and the spacing between antennas. It also determines any special cable installation considerations or procedures.

In some instances, more than one floor is specified for antenna coverage. Cable feed-throughs must be identified on the print. This information must be provided and clearly marked on the scaled drawings to aid in the location and connection of the antennas and to determine the type of coaxial cabling used.

Identify Noise Sources

Using a spectrum analyzer, indicate all electrical noise sources (such as personal computers, televisions sets, electrical switching devices [elevator controls, etc.], and fluorescent lights) on the scaled drawings. When designing the antenna system for coverage, place the antennas as far from the noise sources as possible while maintaining telemetry coverage.

List all TV stations (analog and digital), identify which ones are DTV and analog stations, and note the signal strength of each. Order appropriate notch filters if signals are above –50dBm. Order one notch filter per field, per channel.

Install notch filters between the bias tee and the receiver system where there is no DC voltage. Notch filters do not pass DC and may cause component damage if installed improperly.

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Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Penetration Check

Penetration Check

The installation specialist performs the following:

Perform this procedure after the walk-through with all meeting attendees to estimate the signal losses of the construction material and to help determine antenna spacing.

Contact Monitoring Technical Support at 800-558-7822 for an ApexPro Antenna System survey kit and spectrum analyzer.

127(The penetration check requires two people and the layout scaled

a penetration check to determine antenna coverage,

a sweep of frequencies to identify all local television stations coming in greater than –50dBm and to identify other noise

sources for the area. Use the TV Channel Frequency Chart in Appendix B as a reference for TV channels and frequency assignments.

drawings of the hospital.

Equipment

127(Refer to spectrum analyzer operator’s/user’s manual for correct

operation of the device.

The following equipment is needed to perform the penetration check:

spectrum analyzer 20 – 900 MHz

patient simulator

two AA batteries

ApexPro Antenna System Survey Kit

The following equipment is not required, but helpful when performing the penetration check:

extension cord (for analyzer and power supply)

two-way radios

six foot step ladder

flashlight

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 3-9

2001989-024

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Penetration Check

ApexPro Antenna Survey Kits

2005352-003, U.S

Item Number Item Description

APROTX-US-ENG-AHA-1 APEX PRO TRANSMTR USA ENG AHA 584-614MHZ 421932-001 AHA 6LDWR SET GRAB 29 2000673-003 ASSY APEXPRO ANTENNA 560-614 MHZ 401904-001 CABLE ASM COAX NPLN BLK 10FT

2005352-004, International

Item Number Item Description

APROTX-CH-GER-IEC-3 APEX PRO TRANSMTR CH GER IEC 420-460MHZ 421932-001 AHA 6LDWR SET GRAB 29 2000673-005 ASSY APEXPRO ANTENNA INTL 420-474 MHZ 401904-001 CABLE ASM COAX NPLN BLK 10FT

127(Outside the U.S. you must purchase a power cord for the power

supply.

3-10 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Penetration Check

Spectrum Analyzer Settings

Model HP 859X

Center Frequency = Center frequency of transmitter Span = 250kHz Reference Level = -50dBm Attenuation = 0dBm Resolution Bandwidth = 10kHz All other menus at default

Model ESA-L1500A

Center Frequency = Center frequency of transmitter Span = 250kHz Reference Level = -30dBm Attenuation = 0dBm Resolution Bandwidth = 10kHz All other menus at default

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 3-11

2001989-024

Setup

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Penetration Check

1. Connect the spectrum analyzer to the antenna as shown below.

10 Ft.

Coaxial Cable

-70

2. Place the antenna near the ceiling in the hallway in position A on drawing below. Start with difficult coverage areas first.

-60 -80-70-55-70-90-80-70-60

Position A Position B

Noise floor = -100dB Minimum signal needed for coverage = -80 Ratio = 20dB signal-to-noise

40 - 60 Ft.

15 Ft.

3. Connect the telemetry transmitter to the simulator using leadwires.

4. Use the TTX Frequency Chart in Appendix A to determine the

transmitter’s frequency and enter the frequency into the spectrum analyzer.

3-12 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Penetration Check

Define the Antenna Coverage

1. On the print, record the transmitter peak value around the antenna. Also record the value of the noise floor.

2. Have the first person hold the transmitter chest high and walk along the furthest wall of the rooms while turning the transmitter away from the test antenna. The signal level needs to maintain a 20dB signal-to-noise ratio above the noise floor and a signal level at or

greater than –80dBm.

3. Walk the area of coverage until 20dB signal-to-noise is marginal or signal drops below –80dBm. Record the dB signal levels on the print in the coverage area when the signal drops below 20dB signal-tonoise.

4. Move the antenna to position B and repeat the steps above to determine penetration of the RF signal. The outcome determines antenna spacing.

5. Perform several penetration checks and several antenna positions if the hospital infrastructure is inconsistent in the coverage area.

Identify Strong Signals

1. Set up the ApexPro antenna survey kit near a window of the outlying area of coverage.

2. Identify and measure RF signals of the local TV stations and strong signals. Record the values of these signals in the TTX Frequency Chart in Appendix A. Any signals at or above –50dB require the installation of notch filters at the receiver system. Use the TV Channel Frequency Chart in Appendix B to determine TV channels and their assigned frequencies. For signals greater that –20dBm, see the following section, “Choose Antenna”.

The table below identifies notch filters to order when strong signals are present.

For channel.. order this filter

Below Channel 26 high pass

26 – 41 channel 26 – 41 notch Above 41 low pass

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 3-13

2001989-024

Choose Antenna

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Penetration Check

In the U.S. visit the following website for future TV stations in your community:

http://www.fcc.gov/healthnet/welcome.html

3. Repeat these steps for north, south, east, and west areas of outlying coverage.

4. Identify the channel notch filter required and order one for each channel for each antenna field.

5. Disconnect all test equipment.

560-614MHz

Choose the ApexPro Antenna (see chapter 7, Parts Lists and Drawings for part numbers) unless,

the IMPACT.wf paging system is used withi n the teleme try coverage area. Then install high power (HI PWR) antennas to avoid compression.

noise source(s) is stronger than –20dBm. Then install passive antennas and order appropriate n otch or high/l ow pass filt er for each antenna effected by strong signals.

127(Do not use the passive antenna for general installations. This

part is reserved for special cases.

Description Gain (dB) Filter

ApexPro antenna 17 No +6V 40mA

Hi-Pwr antenna 17 Yes +8V 55mA

Passive antenna –5 No 0 0

127(Order extra connectors and dc blocks when using passive

antennas. Notch filters do not pass dc voltage and must be installed between the antenna and an amplifier with a dc block.

Minimum Voltage

Required

Current Draw

420-474MHz

Choose either the high power or passive antenna from the table above using the same guidelines.

3-14 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Data Summary

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Penetration Check

At this point the followin g data has been co llected:

telemetry coverage defined on print

equipment location defined on print for all items on the sales order

hospital cons truction identified on print

cable feed-through identified on print

splitter location identified on print

electrical noise sources identified on print

notch filters identified (determined by signal strength of local TV stations)

antenna spacing determined by doing penetration checks.

antenna(s) type selected for general installation

passive antennas (if any) and notch or high/low pass filters required for avoiding strong signals.

It is now possible to design the antenna system.

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 3-15

2001989-024

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Antenna System Design

Antenna System Design

When the preparation information for the antenna layout is obtained, designing the antenna system begins. With the hospital scaled drawings containing the coverage area and construction details of the hospital, the antenna locations and antenna cabling are drawn and field lengths projected. In this section, the steps involved in the actual design of the system and the location of all the antennas, cabling, amplifiers, and other miscellaneous hardware are described. This section contains a step-by-step description of the selection process to design most common antenna systems.

127(The following statements are general guidelines and may be

altered at installation or as dictated by the site survey.

Coaxial Cabling

The recommended coaxial cable for telemetry antenna systems is 75 ohm RG-6 cable for new and add-on installations.

Antenna Spacing

System Design

RG-6 coax cabling is the preferred choice overall, plenum or riser.

RG-11 coax cabling should be used only if the RG-6 specifications do not qualify due to length-versus-signal loss and excessive DC voltage drop across the center conductor. Consult Technical Support before cabling other than RG-6 is used.

Do NOT use RG-59 coax cabling as dB losses are too great in this frequency range.

In order to position antennas on the hospital scaled drawings, the spacing of the antennas must be defined. Patient room size and hospital construction determines if the standard antenna spacing of 50 feet is used or if the antenna s need to be spaced closer together o r farther apa rt. In addition, the building construction, location of the bathrooms in the patient rooms, and the s ize of t he pati e nt ro oms de te rmin e if you ne ed t o place additional antennas in the coverage area. Antenna spacing is determined from the signal propagation data recorded on the scaled print from the site survey.

When you know the antenna cable type and determine the antenna spacing, you can begin the design and layout of the antenna system. The ApexPro Telemetry System uses a diversity scheme with up to four different antenna field inputs. The minimum number of separate antenna fields to obtain diversity is two.

3-16 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Antenna Fields

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Antenna System Design

Each antenna field may contain several antennas connected together to form one field. Each field is designed to work along with the res t of the antenna system to provide signal coverage for the entire telemetry area while minimizing the noise level of the system. The number of fields chosen (2, 3, or 4) is based on the size of the coverage area and the level of the noise found in the that area. In the following pages, various antenna fields are presented and the guidelines on their usage is discussed.

127(Do not put two like fiel ds next to ea ch other. For ex ample, do not

place two A field antennas next to each other. Instead, reconnect the adjacent antenna to another field and relabel to prevent signal nulls from signal multipaths.

Give each antenna a unique label. For example:

1A1

1st floor A field 1st antenna

Antenna Runs

Power Supply Design

The term ‘run’ is used in this manual when referring to the multiple branches connected together into one field. Each run of an antenna field may contain an antenna, cable amplifier, or attenuators based on the cable length and signal strength. The individual antenna runs are then connected into one field. In contrast, a field is the entire antenna system connected to one IN connector of the receiver system.

127(If using bias tee pn2001546-001 you must use GE Medical

Systems Information Technologies power supply pn422766-001.

127(Exceeding 18 antennas and amplifiers per power supply could

cause antenna component damage on that field.

Power supplies with bias tees can be placed almost anywhere in the antenna system field. Many antenna components have 1A current limit and they could be damaged if current exceeds their ratings. Therefore, the maximum number of antennas and amplifiers per power supply is

18. If the antenna field has more than 18 antennas or amplifiers, then

segment the field to use two (or more) power supplies. It may be helpful to segment the field by floors using a set of power supplies per floor.

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 3-17

2001989-024

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Recommended Antenna Layout Design

Recommended Antenna Layout Design

Depending on the recommen dat ions of th e si te surv ey, on e or mo re t ype s of antenna field design is implemented. More details about each of the following types of antenna field design are described on the next pages.

standard antenna design

hallway antenna design

deep-room antenna design

multiple floor antenna design

multiple power supplies

multiple ApexPro Telemetry Systems

Standard Antenna Design

The following is an example of the standard antenna field that offers optimum coverage and performance for a wide range of hospital installations. This type of antenna field is recommended for small systems, large systems, and multiple floor systems consisting of patient rooms with depths of 20 feet or less. The field consists of antennas as shown below. Antenna spacing is shown as 40 feet, however the result of antenna spacing is dependent on the penetration check performed at the site survey.

127(This configuration is for rooms 20-ft deep or less on the first

floor.

1B2

1A1

40 Ft

1B1

Antenna

Approximate telemetry coverage area

1A2

3-18 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Recommended Antenna Layout Design

Hallway Antenna Design

When only hallway coverage is required, it is recommended to space the antennas at intervals of 70 feet apart in the center of the hallway. Keep antennas away from lights, exit signs, and speakers.

Deep-Room Antenna Design

When the hospital constr uction or patient room depth requires more coverage than obtained using the standard antenna field, use a deeproom antenna configuration. Use this antenna design if the 20dB signalto-noise ratio cannot be obtained from the site survey penetration check when the antenna is placed in the hallway. This may be typical for room depths greater than 20 feet.

The configuration for deep room coverage uses antennas placed in the rooms on both sides of the hallway. This configuration allows low noise floors obtained and the ability to tune individual antennas for noise and signal strength.

127(This configuration is preferred for rooms more than 20-ft deep.

35 Ft

Multiple Floor Antenna Design

Use multiple floor antenna design when the hospital antenna coverage area requires more than one floor. This antenna design is a combination of the standard antenna fiel d construction and de ep room antenna desi gn construction. Consider both guidelines discussed when you design for multiple floor antenna coverage. The following illustration is a multiple floor antenna design consisting of many antennas and long lengths of coaxial cabling. Antennas are grouped into fields and labeled as field A, field B, field C, and field D.

B1 A2 B2

D1 C2

D2 C3

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 3-19

2001989-024

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Recommended Antenna Layout Design

When you need multiple fl oor antenna systems, strategic placement of the antennas and careful selection of the antenna field for each antenna is required. For adjacent floors in the covered area, alternate antennas both in placement and in field selection as shown below. For nonadjacent floors, antenna placement and field selection is not as critical but no loss of performance is noticed if the layout continues to follow the guidelines discussed.

3-20 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Ant

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Antenna Logical Schematic Layout

Antenna Logical Schematic Layout

Four Field Configuration

The standard configuration of an ApexPro Antenna System is four overlapping antenna fiel ds that conne ct at the ApexP ro Receiver Syst em. Using a four field antenna system maximizes coverage by each antenna in the field and allows the largest antenna system with the lowes t noise.

enna

Antenna

Cable

8:1

Combiner

Bias

Tee

+12 VDC 1A

Power Supply

Field A

Antenna

Cable

8:1

Combiner

8:1

Combiner

8:1

Combiner

Bias

Tee

+12 VDC 1A

Power Supply

Bias

Tee

+12 VDC 1A

Power Supply

Bias

Tee

Field B

Receiver

System

Field C

Field D

Cable

Antenna

+12 VDC 1A

Power Supply

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 3-21

2001989-024

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Antenna Logical Schematic Layout

Multiple Power Supply Configuration

If an antenna system coverage area has more than 24 antennas and antenna amplifiers per antenna field, more than one power supply is required for each an tenn a fi eld. Mult iple secti ons of an an tenn a fi eld can be combined to create larger antenna fields using more than one power supply. The antenna field sections must be combined on the RF OUT port of the bias tee to prevent the multiple power supplies from being connected together.

Antenna

2A1

2nd Floor

1st Floor

2A2

2A3

2A4

2A5

2A6

1A7

1A8

Antenna

8:1

Combiner

8:1

Combiner

8:1

Combiner

8:1

Combiner

4:1

Combiner

DC Block

75 ohm

terminator

+12 VDC 1A

Bias

Tee

Power Supply

2:1

Combiner

Receiver

System

1A9

Antenna

1A10

1A11

1A12

Antenna

8:1

Combiner

8:1

Combiner

4:1

Combiner

DC Block

75 ohm

terminator

Bias

Tee

+12 VDC 1A

Power Supply

3-22 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Antenna Logical Schematic Layout

Multiple Receiver System Configuration

When an ApexPro Antenna System supports more than one ApexPro Receiver System, each antenna field must be split to each of the receiver systems. The following block diagram shows one field split to four receiver systems. It is important to remember the loss associated with splitting each antenna field when determining the amount of amplification needed for each antenna run in the field.

Antenna

8:1

Combiner

8:1

Combiner

8:1

Combiner

4:1

Combiner

DC Block

75 ohm

terminator

+12 VDC 1A

Power Supply

Bias

Tee

Receiver

System A

Receiver

System B

4:1

Splitter

Receiver

System C

Field A

Receiver

System D

Field A

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 3-23

2001989-024

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Antenna Logical Schematic Layout

Now that the antennas are placed on the scaled print, design a logical schematic of the antenna system using the print shown on the previous page. Calculate the cable length from the antenna to the splitter location. Combine all of the same antenna fields together. Use DC blocks and 75 ohm terminator to cap any open F-connectors or splitters. In the example shown, multiple receiver systems are connected to the same antenna system.

The following is an example of the antenna logical schematic for the multiple floor design on page 3-20. Use this logical drawing and the Signal Loss Chart at the end of this chapter to determine if antenna amplifiers and/or attenuators are necessary.

3-24 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Antenna Logical Schematic Layout

Splitter Board

1st Floor

Splitter Board

2A4 2A5 2A6

35 Ft 105 Ft 175 Ft 70 Ft 140 Ft 210 Ft 30 Ft 100 Ft 170 Ft 60 Ft 130 Ft 200 Ft

2nd Floor

1A1 1A2 1A3

30 Ft

100 Ft 170 Ft 60 Ft

4:1

20 Ft

2:1

4:1

30 Ft

From

2nd floor

To 1st

floor

2B4 2B5 2B6

4:1

30 Ft

To 1st

floor

1B1 1B2 1B3 1C1 1C2 1C3 1D1 1D2 1D3

130 Ft 200 Ft 35 Ft 105 Ft

4:1

20 Ft

From

2nd

2:1

floor

2C4 2C5 2C6

4:1

30 Ft

4:1

20 Ft

2:1

To 1st

floor

175 Ft

From

2nd

floor

2D4 2D5 2D6

4:1

30 Ft

70 Ft 140 Ft 210 Ft

4:1

20 Ft

2:1

To 1st

floor

From

2nd

floor

P/S

4:1

To multiple receiver systems

P/S

4:1

To multiple receiver systems

Note: DC block and terminate all unused F-connectors.

P/S

4:1

To multiple receiver systems

P/S

4:1

To multiple receiver systems

P/S

Antenna and label

DC Power Block

Ω

75 Terminator

2-to-1 Splitter 4-to-1 Splitter

Power Supply Bias Tee

Notch Filter

XXX

2:1 4:1

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 3-25

2001989-024

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: System Gain/Loss Calculations

System Gain/Loss Calculations

When the antenna system is designed on the scaled print and all antennas are drawn out with cable lengths on the antenna logical schematic, you can formulate system gain/loss calculations. This determines if additional amplification or signal attenuation is needed for any specific antenna run in order to balance the antenna field. In addition, you need to calculate long coaxial cable runs to ensure that the DC voltage drop from the power supply to the farthest antenna is not too large compared to the operating voltage required by the antenna.

Coaxial Cable Losses

Calculate the coaxial cable lengths for each antenna run. Calculate the run lengths from the hospital scaled drawings and the prepared antenna system schematics observing the various distances from the antennas to the receiving cabinet. To determine the signal loss of the cable run, use the following table of coaxial cable losses.

Coaxial Type

RG-6 Riser 4.0 5.1

RG-6 Plenum 4.5 5.7

RG-11 Riser 2.9 3.7

RG-11 Plenum 3.3 4.3

dB Loss/100 Ft

@ 400 MHz

Splitter/Combiner Losses and Amplifier Gain

Indicate the losses of the splitter/combiners and gains of the amplifiers on the antenna system schematics. Use the specification table for splitter/combiner losses and amplifier gain given below.

Component

2:1 Splitter/Combiner –4.8 –4.8

dB Loss/100 Ft

@ 600 MHz

dB Loss/Gain

@ 474 MHz @ 614 MHz

4:1 Splitter/Combiner –8.4 –9.1 8:1 Splitter/Combiner –15.0 –16.1

Antenna Amplifier +22 +22

3-26 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: System Gain/Loss Calculations

Calculate Signal Losses

When the signal gains/losses are calculated at the receiver system, amplification or attenuation may be required to balance each field so the signal levels of each antenna run are within 10dB of each other. For optimum operation, the signal at the receiver system should calculate from 0 to +10dB of gain.

Generate a Signal Loss Chart from your schematic indicating the signal gain or losses from the antenna to the receiver system. The antenna logical schematic on page 3-25 is an example of a typical antenna system design before additional antenna amplifiers and attenuation are added. The sample Signal Loss Chart shown in this section represents that design.

How to Fill Out the Signal Loss Chart

The electronic Microsoft Excel spreadsheet with built-in formulas is available from Monitoring Technical Support. Call 800-558-7822 or go to the Monitoring Technical Support intranet site at

http://rssmast/monitoring/survey/mainsurveyhomepage.htm

After completing this chart, return it to Monitoring Technical Support with the scaled drawings and logical antenna schematic. See Appendix C for a blank chart.

127(The Signal Loss Chart does not account for power supplies and

bias tees. Place these in strate gic locati ons on the logical a ntenna schematic to optimize powering the antenna fields.

A sample Signal Loss Chart is on page 3-29. The graphic at the top of each column of the chart illustrates the component described in that column.

1. Enter the site name at the top of the chart.

2. If you have more antennas per field than what is listed in the chart, copy and paste rows that contain formulas.

3. Using the s caled pr int and logical antenna s chematic , enter antennas by label in the Antenna Label column.

4. Enter the coaxial cable length (in feet) from the antenna to the floor splitter in the Coax length column.

5. Select the coaxial cable type by right-clicking in the RG-6 cell, then Pick from List.

The program calculates the dB loss and displays the value in the Coax Loss column.

6. Skip to the Floor Splitter column. Select the floor splitter by rightclicking in the 4:1 cell, then Pick from List.

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 3-27

2001989-024

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: System Gain/Loss Calculations

7. Evaluate the first shaded Gain/Loss column. Add antenna amplifiers in the Antenna Amp column or attenuators in the Attenuation column until the values in Gain/Loss column are with in 10dB of each other per field and not less than 0.

Antenna Amp – enter 22 if amplification is needed to balance this antenna run. (The antenna amplifier gain is 22dB.)

Attenuation – enter 0, 3, 6, 10, 20 or combinations of each if attenuation is needed to balance this antenna run.

127(Keep the values in this column (each field) within 10dB of

each other.

8. If the Coax Loss calculation in step 5 is greater than 17dB, then split the cable halfway and insert an antenna amplifier. (Use Antenna Amp and Coax Length columns.) Enter the distance from the antenna amplifier to the floor splitter in the Coax Loss column.

9. Select the coaxial cable type by right-clicking in the RG-6 cell, then Pick from List.

10. Enter the coaxial cable length (in feet) from the floor splitter to the final input splitter in the Coax length column.

11. Select the coaxial cable type used between splitters, by right-clicking in the RG-6 cell, then Pick from List.

12. Select the Final Input Splitter by right-clicking in the 4:1 cell, then Pick from List.

13. Evaluate the second Gain/Loss column. Add antenna amplifiers in the Antenna Amp column or attenuators in the Attenuation column until the values in the Gain/Loss column are within 10dB of each other.

Antenna Amp – right-click the Amp/no amp cell and select Amp to enter 22 if amplification is needed to balance this antenna run. (The antenna amplifier gain is 22dB.)

Attenuation – enter 0, 3, 6, 10, 20 or combinations of each if attenuation is needed to balance this antenna run. Adding attenuation here attenuates the entire field.

127(Keep the values in this column (each field) within 10dB of

each other.

14. If connecting to more than one receiver system, select the Output Splitter. Select None for only one receiver system.

15. Evaluate the Gain to Receivers column. Add antenna amplifiers in the Antenna Amp column or attenuators in the Attenuation column until the value in the Gain/Loss column is between 0dB and +10dB.

16. Repeat the above steps in the Signal Loss Chart for each antenna.

17. After completing the Signal Loss Chart, add all attenuators and antenna amplifiers to the logical antenna schematic to balance the signals within 10dB of each other as shown following the Signal Loss Chart.

3-28 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: System Gain/Loss Calculations

The sample Signal Loss Chart shown below represents the antenna logical schematic on page 3-25 and the multiple floor design on page 3-20 with added attenuators and amplifiers.

Gain to Receivers

Attenuation (dB)

Output Splitter (dB)

Antenna Amp (22dB)

10 dB of each other)

Gain/Loss (keep within

Final Input Splitter (dB)

Attenuation (dB)

Coax loss (dB)

Coax length (feet)

Antenna Amp (22dB)

Example Site

Signal Loss Chart per antenna run

10 dB of each other)

Gain/Loss (keep within

Floor Splitter (dB)

Attenuation (dB)

Coax Loss (dB)

Coax length (feet)

Antenna Amp (22dB)

CoaxLoss (dB)

RG-6 RG-6 4:1 Amp RG-6 2:1 no amp 4:1

RG-6 RG-6 4:1 Amp RG-11 2:1 no amp 4:1

RG-6 RG-6 4:1 Amp RG-6 2:1 no amp 4:1

Coax length (feet)

Antenna Label

1A1 30 -1.7 0.0 6 -9.0 0.4 22 20 -1.1 6 -5 10.3 0 -9 1.3

1A2 100 -5.5 0.0 -9.0 2.5 22 20 -1.1 6 -5 12.4 0 -9 3.4

1A3 170 -9.4 0.0 -9.0 -1.4 22 20 -1.1 6 -5 8.6 0 -9 -0.5

2A4 35 -1.9 0.0 6 -9.0 0.1 22 30 -1.7 6 -5 9.4 0 -9 0.4

2A5 105 -5.8 0.0 -9.0 2.2 22 30 -1.7 6 -5 11.6 0 -9 2.6

2A6 175 -9.6 0.0 -9.0 -1.6 22 30 -1.7 6 -5 7.7 0 -9 -1.3

1B1 60 -3.3 0.0 3 -9.0 1.7 22 20 -0.7 6 -5 12.0 0 -9 3.0

1B2 130 -7.2 0.0 -9.0 0.9 22 20 -0.7 6 -5 11.2 0 -9 2.2

1B3 200 -11.0 0.0 -9.0 -3.0 22 20 -0.7 6 -5 7.3 0 -9 -1.7

2B4 70 -3.9 0.0 3 -9.0 1.2 22 30 -1.0 6 -5 11.2 0 -9 2.2

2B5 140 -7.7 0.0 -9.0 0.3 22 30 -1.0 6 -5 10.3 0 -9 1.3

2B6 210 -11.6 0.0 -9.0 -3.6 22 30 -1.0 6 -5 6.5 0 -9 -2.5

1C1 35 -1.9 0.0 6 -9.0 0.1 22 20 -0.7 6 -5 10.4 0 -9 1.4

1C2 105 -5.8 0.0 -9.0 2.2 22 20 -0.7 6 -5 12.6 0 -9 3.6

1C3 175 -9.6 0.0 -9.0 -1.6 22 20 -0.7 6 -5 8.7 0 -9 -0.3

2C4 30 -1.7 0.0 6 -9.0 0.4 22 30 -1.0 6 -5 10.4 0 -9 1.4

2C5 100 -5.5 0.0 -9.0 2.5 22 30 -1.0 6 -5 12.5 0 -9 3.5

2C6 170 -9.4 0.0 -9.0 -1.4 22 30 -1.0 6 -5 8.7 0 -9 -0.3

1D1 70 -3.9 0.0 3 -9.0 1.2 22 20 -1.1 6 -5 11.1 0 -9 2.1

1D2 140 -7.7 0.0 -9.0 0.3 22 20 -1.1 6 -5 10.2 0 -9 1.2

1D3 210 -11.6 0.0 -9.0 -3.6 22 20 -1.1 6 -5 6.4 0 -9 -2.7

2D4 60 -3.3 0.0 3 -9.0 1.7 22 30 -1.7 6 -5 11.1 0 -9 2.1

2D5 130 -7.2 0.0 -9.0 0.9 22 30 -1.7 6 -5 10.2 0 -9 1.2

2D6 200 -11.0 0.0 -9.0 -3.0 22 30 -1.7 6 -5 6.4 0 -9 -2.7

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 3-29

2001989-024

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: System Gain/Loss Calculations

The antenna logical schematic shown below is updated to show how the antenna system should be installed.

2nd Floor

Splitter Board

1st Floor

Splitter Board

2A4 2A5 2A6

35 Ft 105 Ft 175 Ft 70 Ft 140 Ft 210 Ft 30 Ft 100 Ft 170 Ft 60 Ft 130 Ft 200 Ft

6dB 3dB 6dB 3dB

4:1

30 Ft

6dB 6dB 6dB 6dB

1A1 1A2 1A3

30 Ft

100 Ft 170 Ft 60 Ft

4:1

20 Ft

6dB

From

2nd

2:1

floor

2B4 2B5 2B6

4:1

To 1st

floor

30 Ft

1B1 1B2 1B3 1C1 1C2 1C3 1D1 1D2 1D3

130 Ft 200 Ft 35 Ft 105 Ft

4:1

20 Ft

6dB

2:1

From

2nd

floor

To 1st

floor

2C4 2C5 2C6

4:1

30 Ft

6dB 6dB

4:1

2:1

20 Ft

2D4 2D5 2D6

To 1st

floor

175 Ft

From

2nd

floor

3dB3dB 6dB6dB

4:1

30 Ft

70 Ft 140 Ft 210 Ft

4:1

20 Ft

2:1

To 1st

floor

From

2nd

floor

P/S

(Notch filter)

4:1

To multiple receiver systems

P/S

4:1

To multiple receiver systems

Note: DC block and terminate all unused F-connectors.

P/S

4:1

To multiple receiver systems

P/S

4:1

To multiple receiver systems

2:1 4:1

P/S

Antenna and label

DC Power Block

Ω

75 Terminator

2-to-1 Splitter 4-to-1 Splitter

Power Supply Bias Tee

Notch Filter

Attenuator Antenna Amplifier

XXX

3-30 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: System Gain/Loss Calculations

Create a Bill of Materials

Now that the logical antenna schematic is complete with antenna amplifiers and attenuators, you can create a bill of materials. Keep in mind that the schematic does not include the following:

n n n n n

See chapter 7, Parts Lists and Drawings for ordering information and part numbers.

notch filters power supplies bias tees power cords hinge kit for rack mounting the receiver system

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 3-31

2001989-024

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: System Gain/Loss Calculations

Calculate Voltage Drop

Calculate the DC voltage drop for the longest antenna run and the antenna run with the most amplifiers on it. Both the antenna amplifier and the antenna operate on as little as +8Vdc.

1. Determine the current draw for each section of the antenna run. The type of amplifier you use determines the amount of current required for that specific section. Refer to the table below.

Component Current

Antenna 55 mA Antenna Amplifier 40 mA

2. Use the table below to determine the DC resistance of the cable.

Coaxial Type Ohms/1000 Ft Ohms/Ft

RG-6 Riser 30 0.030 RG-6 Plenum 30 0.030

RG-11 Riser 13 0.013 RG-11 Plenum 13 0.013

3. Multiply the amplifier current and cable resistance to calculate the voltage drop on each section of the antenna run.

(current draw) x (cable resistance) x (feet per section) = voltage drop

4. Add the voltage drops together for each antenna run. If the total voltage drop for any run is more than 3.5V, redesign the antenna run using different cabling or less cable length.

5. Perform the above steps for the longest antenna run and the antenna run with the most amplifiers.

3-32 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Completion and Documentation of Site Survey and System Design

Completion and Documentation of Site Survey and System Design

When the site survey is complete, submit copies of the following to

Monitoring Technical Support and to the customer’s installation project manager.

Scaled drawings showing:

antenna location

area of coverage

splitter location

receiver system location

central station equipment location

cable feed-throughs (if multiple floor coverage)

other installation markings

Logical antenna schematic design

Signal loss chart

Bill of materials

List of all installation process details including the:

date that antenna parts must be onsite

date other equipment must be onsite

go-live date

names, phone numbers, and E-mail addresses of contact people

sales order number

action items an d peopl e responsi ble f rom the roun dtab le meeti ng.

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 3-33

2001989-024

Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Completion and Documentation of Site Survey and System Design

For your notes

3-34 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

4 Installation

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 4-1

2001989-024

For your notes

4-2 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Overview

Installation: Overview

The following is a summary of the installation specialist’s responsibilities for installation.

install coaxial cable.

verify that power is installed as needed.

terminate cables and test continuity.

install antennas, amplifiers, power supplies, and bias tees.

divide antenna fields to support all ApexPro Receiver Systems.

tune antenna system

verify that all antennas function.

scan for noise and document noise.

program TTX numbers to clean frequencies, then document and label. (See ApexPro Telemetry Transmitter service manual.)

enter TTX numbers into the Clinical Information Center (CIC).

perform a walk-through of the entire coverage area.

Install the antenna system using the antenna layout on the scaled drawings and the antenna logical schematic. This provides a close estimate on signal gains and losses. If necessary, adjustments can be made in the Test Antenna Components Functionality section.

After successful installation, the installation specialist forwards copies of the survey to Monitoring Technical Support, the local field engineer, and the hospital’s biomedical department for future support and reference.

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 4-3

2001989-024

Install Coaxial Cable

Use the hospital scaled prints and the logical antenna schematic to install the cabling. Keep the following in mind when installing coax cable.

Always follow the National Electric Code regulations.

Always use PVC for the feed-throughs.

Do not kink the cable. If the cable is kinked, cut out the kinked part and reattach.

Do not pull cable over any metal edges or other abrasive surfaces.

Do not pull cable for one room at a time. The entire cable spoo l should be accessible and multiple runs should be pulled at the same time into the ceiling.

Do not lay cable on top of light fixtures.

Lay out cable uniformly and with excess slack. The slack should consist of about one foot (25 cm) or so every 10 feet (3 m), both horizontally and vertically.

Do not coil up any extra cable, but instead increase the amount of excess slack throughout the entire length of cable.

Installation: Install Coaxial Cable

4-4 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Installation: Coaxial Cable Preparation

Coaxial Cable Prepara ti on

These sections describe how to strip coaxial cable and crimp connectors to the cable. Below are descriptions of the components of a coaxial cable.

Dielectric

Center Conductor

Center Conductor The center conductor is the center-most feature of coaxial cable. It consists of

solid copper or copper-clad aluminum wire.

Dielectric The dielectric is an electrical insulation utilized to maintain position of the center

conductor. It is composed of polyethylene in either solid or foam state. This insulator/positioner may also be evenly spaced solid polyethylene discs.

Outer Conductor or Foil

Braid The braid is interwoven strands of aluminum or copper mesh. It extends the

Jacket The black polyethylene coating over the aluminum outer conductor protects it

The outer conductor is either solid aluminum tube or an aluminum foil wrap. The cable size is usually derived from its outside diameter.

conductivity of the outer conductor to the sleeve of the connector.

from scratches or abrasions during handling and provides a weather-tight seal. The jacket on plenum cable is made of teflon specified by fire codes.

Outer Conductor

or Foil

Braid

Jacket

Strippers and Crimpers

The following paragraphs describe how to correctly strip coaxial cable. RG-6 is the recommended coaxial cable, but RG-11 cabling is used for some installations. The following are the recommended cable strippers and crimpers.

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 4-5

2001989-024

Installation: Coaxial Cable Preparation

Use Xcelite coaxial cable stripper (3 CSK-GN) for RG-6 coax cable.

Coaxial Cable

Use Cable Prep cable stripper, CPT-1100, for RG-11 coax cable.

The typical hex crimping tool is shown below. The recommended crimping tool part numbers are the following.

Use a G-CRT-659 from Gilbert or HCT-659 crimper from Cable Prep for riser RG-6.

Use a HCT-986 crimper from Cable Prep for plenum RG-6.

Use a G-CRT-211 from Gilbert or HCT-211 crimper from Cable Prep for riser and plenum RG-11.

Before you crimp, check the dimensions for the different types of coaxial cable and connectors.

Crimp here

4-6 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

RG-6 Cable Preparation

Recommended stripping dimensions for RG-6 riser or plenum cabling are shown below.

Installation: Coaxial Cable Preparation

1/4" - 5/16"

1/4" 1/4"

Position cable dielectric end flush with connector post.

Crimp twice in this area.

The stripper requires 3 blades spaced 0.25 inch apart. The crimp tool jaw dimension is 0.324 inch.

1. Open the stripper and place the cable so that 1/4 – 5/16 inch of cable

extends past the first blade.

2. Close and latch the stripper and rotate around the cable 3 – 4 times.

3. Open the stripper and adjust stripping blades until the correct dimensions are achieved as shown in the figure above.

Expose the center conductor 1/4 – 5/16 inch. Do not score the conductor.

Expose the dielectric 1/4 inch without braid.

Expose the braid 1/4 inch. Do not score the braid or fold it back over the jacket.

4. Place the connector over the prepared cable. Make sure the braid does not fold back over the jacket.

The connector is properly positioned when the cable dielectric end is flush with the connector post end. (See figure above.)

5. Crimp the connector in two places. (This is necessary due to the connector sleeve width.) The crimps may overlap and the resulting hex flats should align.

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 4-7

2001989-024

Installation: Coaxial Cable Preparation

RG-11 Cable Preparation

Recommended stripping dimensions for the RG-11 riser or plenum cabling are shown below.

Dielectric and Foil

1/8""

1/8

1/4"

Crimp center pin to center conductor.

For RG-11 coaxial cable, use stripper CPT-1100.

1. Hold the stripper open and insert the coax cable into the groove position. Align the clean cut edge of the coaxial cable with the outside edge of the stripper.

2. Close the stripper.

3. Rotate the stripper around the coaxial cable at least 5 times.

4. Pull the cable out carefully while squeezing the stripper.

4-8 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Install Antennas

Installation: Install Antennas

127(Be sure that after planning and designing the antenna system,

the Penetration Check (chapter 3, Site Survey and Antenna System Design) is completed. It is used to estimate the RF penetration of the hospital construction.

The standard installation for antennas uses a T-bar mount connected to the drop ceiling support. The retaining clip and pin come with the antenna.

For ceiling tile or dry wall mounting, see chapter 7, Parts Lists and Drawings to order additional hardware kits necessary for these mounting options. All antenna mounting installation options and instructions are described in the ApexPro Telemetry Receiver Antenna System mounting instructions that are included with the antenna.

Optional dry wall mount and ceiling tile mount

Standard installation

For customer site reasons, some antennas may require installation above the ceiling. Keep the following in mind when installing antennas above the ceiling:

Do not distribute the antennas haphazardly above the ceiling. Custom mounting procedures are needed.

Mount antennas level and horizontal to the ceiling for best performance.

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 4-9

2001989-024

Installation: Install Antenna Amplifiers

Install Antenna Amplifiers

Install an antenna amplifier when the gain of the signal from the antenna drops below unity gain.

To Antenna

Connection orientation

Do not install antenna amplifiers next to each other or near an antenna. This may cause the amplifier to saturate due to the gain of the first amplifier and cause noise spikes seen at the Receiver System. Because there is no DC present between the bias tee and the Receiver System, do not install the antenna amplifier in this location.

Use Signal Loss Chart program as a guide to locate antenna amplifiers in system.

Installing a ntenna amp lifier here increases gain for only one antenna run.

DC Out/

RF In

DC In/

RF Out

To Receiver System

>200 Ft.

Antenna

Installing antenna amplifier here increases gain for all antennas connected to splitter.

Antenna Amplifier

To other antennas

4:1

Antenna Amplifier

Receiver System

Bias

Tee

Power Supply

4-10 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Install Attenuators

Installation: Install Antenna Amplifiers

Attenuators balance antenna runs before combining runs into antenna fields. Attenuators also lower signal levels before they enter the Receiver

System to a transmitter signal level below –30dBm. If the transmitter signal level is –30dBm before the input to the ApexPro Receiver System, either attenuate before the input of the system or remove the amplifier from the antenna run. Attenuators also balance antenna runs of an antenna field. This keeps the signal levels within 10dB of each other.

In most cases the attenuators are located near the antenna splitters (combiners). Do not place attenuators near the antenna. Use the Signal Loss Chart program as a guide to locate attenuators in system.

Installing an attenuator here attenuates one antenna run.

Antenna

Installing an atten uator here attenuat es all antennas connected to the splitter.

Ant. Amp.

Attenuator

To other antennas

4:1

Ant. Amp.

Receiver System

Bias

Tee

Power Supply

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 4-11

2001989-024

Installation: Install Power Supplies and Bias Tees

Install Power Supplies and Bias Tees

Power supplies and bias tees are usually installed on the splitter board. If the Receiver System and CIC are installed with emergency power, then typically the antenna power supplies are also installed on emergency power.

One power supply minimum per antenna field with a maximum of 18 antennas/antenna amplifiers per power supply. If there are more than 18 antennas/antenna amplifiers per field, then segment the antenna field and divide the load of the antenna/antenna amplifiers to another power supply and bias tee.

To Antenna

Install Notch Filters

To protect the Receiver System, install each channel notch filter on the antenna fields as determined by the site survey. Multiple notch filters can be installed on a given antenna field. Install them between the bias tee RF OUT and the Receiver System. Do not install notch filters on the DC OUT/RF IN side of the bias tee because components may be damaged if DC is applied.

To protect the antenna amplifier, install each channel notch filter on the antenna run as determined by the site survey. Multiple notch filters can be installed on a given antenna run. Install them between the passive antenna and the DC block/antenna amplifier. Do not install notch filters without first using a DC block because components may be damaged if DC is applied.

To Receiver System

Connection orientation

Notch

Filter

Passive Antenna

4-12 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Block

Antenna

Amplifier

To splitter

4:1

Installation: Test Antenna Components Functionality

Test Antenna Components Functionality

Equipment

The following equipment is needed to perform the functionality test.

spectrum analyzer 20 – 900 MHz

patient simulator

two-way radio

Test

Use the following steps to ensure that each antenna amplifier and antenna in every antenna field is receiving the RF signal at a proper level.

127(The following test requires two people and th e layout scaled

drawing of the antenna fields.

1. Check that the green LED illuminates on every antenna and antenna amplifier.

2. Connect a telemetry transmitter to the simulator using leadwires. Program the test transmitter frequency into the spectrum analyzer. Set the span to 250kHz, amplitude –30dBm.

3. Connect the spectrum analyze r to the back of the Receiver Syst em at the Antenna RF In connector of the first field to test.

4. While holding the transmitter chest high, have one person stand to the side (within 5 ft.) of ea ch antenna of the selected field and rotate the transmitter to receive its peak value.

5. The other person records each signal level on the scaled drawing for future comparison. The recommended transmitter reading is between -35 and -45dBm at each antenna. Noise floor should be below -100dBm.

If you tuned your system using the spreadsheet, all signals between antennas and fields should look balanced.

6. If antenna fields show a much higher noise floor than expected, remove one antenna at a time until you find the noise antenna. Relocate the antenna if possible or eliminate the noise source.

127(If the signal strength is above -30dBm, attenuate the signal at

the spectrum analyzer and adjust the reading accordingly.

Some antenna runs require balancing with attenuators or antenna amplifiers depending on the recorded antenna signal levels.

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 4-13

2001989-024

Installation: Scan for Noise and Document

Scan for Noise and Document

After completing the installation and checking the functionality of each

antenna, search the RF spectrum for external noise from 560–614MHz (or 420–474MHz international) with a spectrum analyzer. Identify and document these noises on the TTX Frequency Chart in Appendix A (U.S. or international) so that the telemetry transmitters are not programmed to those frequencies. The TTX Frequency Chart is also available from Monitoring Technical Support. Call 800-558-7822 or go to the Monitoring Technical Support intranet site at

http://rssmast/monitoring/survey/mainsurveyhomepage.htm

1. Disconnect an antenna field from the Receiver System and connect it to the spectrum analyzer as shown below.

A B C

2. Scan the RF spectrum for external n oise spikes and docume nt the dB level in the TTX Frequency Chart.

3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the remaining antenna fields.

4. After identifying and documenting all noise spikes, the new transmitters can be programmed to the remaining “clean” frequencies.

4-14 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Installation: Program Transmitters and Document TTX Numbers

Program Transmitters and Document TTX Numbers

Notch Filter Guidelines

If notch filters are used with the antenna system to attenuate the local TV station(s), use these guidelines when programming the transmitters.

Do not have transmitters operating or programmed within 1.5MHz of either side of the video and/or audio notch filter.

0 dB

10 dB/div

0 dB

Video Notch

Attenuation = –48 dB

1 MHz/div

Notch Filter Channels 29 – 37

-3.4934 dB 560 MHz

Audio Notch

0 dB

10 dB/div

0 dB

Attenuation = –75 dB

1 MHz/div

Notch Filter Channels 36 and 38

-3.827 dB 614 MHz

10 dB/div

-80.782 dB

533.53 MHz

10 MHz/div

-73.96 dB

648.76 MHz

High Pass Filter Channel 29 Low Pass Filter Channel 37

The following table shows the eff ect of notch filters on TTX numbers.

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 4-15

2001989-024

Installation: Program Transmitters and Document TTX Numbers

Video/Audio Notch

Filter Channel

Video Notch (MHz) Audio Notch (MHz)

Frequency Range

Effected

TTX Numbers

26 543.25 547.75 541.75 - 549.25 none 27 549.25 553.75 547.75 - 555.25 none 28 555.25 559.75 553.75 - 561.25 6600 - 6650 29 561.25 565.75 559.75 - 567.25 6600 - 6890 30 567.25 571.75 565.75 - 573.25 6830 - 7130 31 573.25 577.75 571.75 - 579.25 7070 - 7370 32 579.25 583.75 577.25 - 585.25 7290 - 7610 33 585.25 589.75 583.25 - 591.25 7530 - 7850 34 591.25 595.75 589.75 - 597.25 7790 - 8090 35 597.25 601.75 595.75 - 603.25 8030 - 8330 36 603.25 607.75 601.75 - 609.25 8270 - 8570

36 Video 603.25 N/A 601.75 - 604.75 8270 - 8390

37 none none WMTS band none

Effected

38 Center Notch at 617.00MHz none none none

39 621.25 625.75 619.75 - 627.25 none 40 627.25 631.75 625.75 - 633.25 none 41 633.25 637.75 631.75 - 639.25 none

Low Pass 614MHz none none > 614MHz none

High Pass 560MHz none none < 560MHz none

4-16 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Installation: Program Transmitters and Document TTX Numbers

Program and Document

Transmitters are programmed using a laptop and a programming device. The programming kit, pn421733-001, comes with instructions.

If using channel 37 in the U.S. (Wireless Medical Telemetry Service

608–614MHz reserved band), contact the frequency coordinator for available frequencies in the channel 37 band before programming the transmitter.

1. Document the TTX numbers effected by the installed notch filter(s)

2. Program the transmitters to the available frequencies and document

3. Enter the TTX numbers in the CIC. Refer to the Marquette Prism

4. Keep the TTX Frequency Chart on site for the site bio-med,

on the TTX Frequency Chart in Appendix A so that no transmitters are programmed in that range. (See table on previous page.)

the serial number of the transmitter on the TTX Frequency Chart. Give a copy of the chart to the frequency coordinator for their database.

Information Server Service Manual for instructions.

frequency coordinator, local field engineer, and technical support to reference.

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 4-17

2001989-024

For your notes

Installation: Program Transmitters and Document TTX Numbers

4-18 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

5 Checkout Procedures

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 5-1

2001989-024

For your notes

5-2 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Checkout Procedures: Required Tools and Special Equipment

Required Tools and Special Equipment

Below is a list of required tools and special equipment used for the checkout procedures in this chapter. You may substitute equivalent equipment.

Item Part/Model Number

Telemetry Transmitter APRO-US-ENG-AHA-1 Patient Simulator MARQII 6-Leadwire Set, 5-Leadwire, AHA Compatible

Spectrum Analyzer

DC Power Block 17102-001 BNC-to-F Adapter 1886-411 F-Type/F-Type Test Cable, 10-Ft 401904-001 2:1 Splitter 3504-102

2-way Radios

1. Refer to the Spectrum Analyzer Operator’s Manual for proper setup.

2. Because 2-way radios may degrade the performance of the antenna system, only use them when necessary to communicate while testing antenna system coverage.

HP 8590 ESA-L1500A

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 5-3

2001989-024

Overview

Checkout Procedures: Overview

Check out the system after all the antennas, amplifiers, coaxial cable, and connectors are in place, the antenna system is calibrated and every antenna aligned. If the antenna was already functional but now exhibits problems, skip to the troubleshooting procedures in chapter 6, Troubleshooting.

After installation check out the system:

Admit a test transmitter to the CIC.

Perform a transmitter walk-through checking the CIC for signal dropout.

Double check the position of all antennas, amplifiers, and any other added components with the scaled drawings. Record any variance you may observe on the scaled drawings.

Use an ohm meter to test the antenna system for any short or open circuit.

127(For best results with every procedure, test the antenna system

on a field by field basis. This diminishes the chance of omitting any run of the antenna system.

:$51,1*

Notify hospital personnel that patient monitoring may be interrupted before attempting any of the following procedures.

5-4 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Checkout Procedures: Check Antenna System Coverage

Check Antenna System Coverage

127(The coverage check requires two people, the marked up scaled

drawings of the antenna fields, and the logical antenna schematic.

1. Connect yourself or your test partner to a test telemetry transmitter.

2. Admit the test transmitter TTX to the central station.

3. At the CIC, click Setup CIC.

4. Click the Service Password tab.

5. Type password, mms_com and press Enter.

6. At the MS-DOS prompt, typ e setflags -dup on and press Enter to allow entering a duplicate TTX for 5 minutes.

7. Type setflags -mark all and press Enter.

8. Admit the same TTX as in step 2 to another available receiver.

9. Have your test partner hold the transmitter chest high and walk the entire coverage of the antenna system while you watch the central station for any dropout (yellow tick marks display). Have your test partner walk all patient areas such as bathrooms, entire patient bedrooms, hallways and lounge areas.

10. Record the location of any dropout.

11. If you detect RF signal dropout, determine if dropout is caused by poor coverage, antenna improperly tuned, or defective transmitter. (Refer to chapter 6, Troubleshooting.) Retest by repeating steps 9 and

10.

12. Have your test partner hold a transmitter in one place in the coverage area. Connect the spectrum analyzer to the connector of each antenna field and record the RF signal reading. (See figure on next page.)

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 5-5

2001989-024

2:1

Checkout Procedures: Check Antenna System Coverage

ABC

13. Compare the four antenna field signal readings. At least two antenna

fields should record a minimum of –80 dBm for normal operation. If the levels are too low, you may not have unity gain, or you have a

coverage problem. More antennas may be required.

14. When you determine that the antenna coverage is sufficient, return to the CIC and click Setup CIC -> Service Password.

15. Type password, mms_com and press Enter.

16. Type setflags -dup off and press Enter.

17. Type setflags -mark off and press Enter.

18. Disconnect all test equipment.

5-6 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

6 Troubleshooting

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 6-1

2001989-024

For your notes

6-2 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Troubleshooting: Required Tools and Special Equipment

Required Tools and Special Equipment

This is a list of required tools and special equipment used in performing the troubleshooting procedures. You may substitute equivalent equipment.

Item Part Number/Model

Telemetry Transmitter APRO-US-ENG-AHA-1 Patient Simulator MARQII Patient Cable, 5-Leadwire, AHA Compatible Leadwire Set, 5-Leadwire, AHA Compatible Digital Multimeter (DMM) Fluke 8060A DC Power Block 17102-001 BNC-to-F Adapter 1886-411 2 F-Type/F-Type Test Cable, 1-Ft 405296-004 F-Type/F-Type Test Cable, 10-Ft 401904-001 2:1 Splitter 3504-102

Spectrum Analyzer

1. Refer to the Spectrum Analyzer Operator’s Manual for proper setup.

HP 8590 ESA-L1500A

Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 6-3

2001989-024

Troubleshooting: Troubleshooting an Antenna System

Troubleshooting an Antenna System

Basic

The following procedure helps troubleshoot an antenna system that is experiencing problems.

1. Ask hospital personnel if transmitter dropout was:

found with only one transmitter or only one receiver,

found in only one coverage area,

during the same time of day, or

found in coverage of one antenna field.

2. Confirm all components of the system are correctly connected and turned on.

3. Inspect all cables and connections.

4. Ensure that the suspect antenna or antenna amplifier is plugged in correctly and the LED is on.

Extended

5. Swap suspect antenna or antenna amplifiers with known good ones.

6. Replace suspect attenuators or notch filters with known good ones.

7. Replace suspect splitters and connectors with known good ones.

The following is more extensive troubleshooting.

1. Perform the Measure the Antenna System Voltages procedure presented later in this chapter to determine if proper voltage is being delivered to the cable amplifier.

If voltages under +8.0V are found, continue troubleshooting to determine where the voltages are adequate.

2. Record voltages at the furthest antenna and amplifier, and work back to the receiver system, one antenna at a t ime. Wherever the voltage is less than +8.0V, the antenna run is too long.

3. Try one of the following to raise the voltage to an acceptable level.

Shorten antenna runs that measure less than +8.0V.

Replace cabling with cabling that has less DC loss.

Install an additional power supply closer to the farthest antenna.

4. Perform the Test Antenna Components Functionality procedure in chapter 4, Installation, to determine signal strength.

5. Perform the Check Antenna System Coverage procedure in chapter 5, Checkout Procedures, to ensure covera ge.

6. Perform the Troubleshooting ECG Dropout procedure later in this chapter to determine the source of dropout and to balance the antenna field with attenuators.

6-4 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B

2001989-024

Troubleshooting: Troubleshooting ECG Dropout

Troubleshooting ECG Dropout

:$51,1*

Notify hospital personnel that patient monitoring may be interrupted before attempting any of the following procedures.

These troubleshooting procedures are recommended for an antenna system experiencing dropout. ECG dropout can be caused from the network or from RF problems.

Verify that dropout is not an intermittent lead fail condition by viewing all leads of the suspect signal. If any one lead is not dropping out, the problem is lead fail and not RF dropout.

TTX Dropout Diagnostics

Enable the TTX drop out dia gno stics co mmand a t t he CIC to vi ew sign al s indicating dropout.

1. At the CIC, click Setup CIC.

2. Click the Service Password tab.

3. Type password, mms_com and press Enter.

4. At the MS-DOS prompt, typ e setflags -mark ttx and press Enter.

This displays color diagnostic tic marks at the bottom of each window indicating the reason for missing waveform data. Listed below are the colors and their indication.

Color Indication

Yellow Missing data from the transmitter

Dark Green Missing data from the receiver

Magenta Missing data from the receiver system

Orange Missing data from the hardware manager

Light Gray A lead fail is occurring

The following sections cover causes and solutions for waveforms displaying the yellow tic marks (missing data from the transmitter).

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External Noise

TTX Noise

Troubleshooting: Troubleshooting ECG Dropout

External RF signals may need to be notched if the signal strength

exceeds –50dBm on any given field. Notch filter frequencies are identified in chapter 3, Site Survey and Antenna System Design. If a notch filter is not available for the specific frequency, then attenuate the antenna field to lower the signal strength. This may cause poor telemetry transmitter signal reception, thus requiring more antennas to increase coverage.

Receiver international frequency range 420 – 474MHz

Receiver U.S. frequency range 560 – 614MHz

Check the transmitter to find out if the noise source exists for that frequency.

1. Enter the frequency of the suspect transmitter in the spectrum analyzer.

2. Remove the transmitter batteries temporarily to see if the noise source exists for the given frequency. Do not use a signal stronger than 3dB over the noise floor.

3. Eliminate the noise source, if possible, or reprogram the transmitter to an available ‘clean’ frequency.

4. Inform the frequency coordinator of any TTX number and frequency change and also log it on the TTX Frequency Chart.

High Noise Floor on an Antenna Field

If one antenna field has a high noise floor compared to the other antenna fields, either the antenna is not tuned to unity gain, or the antenna is near a noise source. Follow these steps to resolve the problem.

1. Remove one antenna at a time at the splitter location until the noise floor drops to an acceptable level.

Keep the noise floor as low as possible. The noise floor for all antenna fields should not be above –100dB.

2. When you find the faulty antenna field, recalculate the antenna run for signal gains and losses using the Signal Loss Chart in chapter 3, Site Survey and Antenna System Design. Tune the antenna as instructed in the Test Antenna Components Functionality section of chapter 4, Installation.

3. Move the antenna from any noise source like electric motors or fluorescent lights. Antennas should be installed at least 1/2 meter from fluorescent lights.

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Troubleshooting: Troubleshooting ECG Dropout

Low Transmitter Signal at the Receiver

Signals must maintain a 20dB signal-to-noise ratio for any two antenna fields. A low transmitter signal at the receiver may be caused by an antenna system not tuned for unity gain or a transmitter signal unable to penetrate construction materials.

Retune the antenna system for signal gains and losses using the Signal Loss Chart in chapter 3, Site Survey and Antenna System Design.

If the transmitter signal is low, antennas may need to be relocated into patient rooms or additional antennas installed for better coverage.

Defective Antenna or Components

Follow these steps to check for a defective antenna or antenna components.

1. Verify that the green LED on the antenna is illuminated. If it is not, the antenna is not getting power or it is defective.

Many antenna components have a 1A current rating. Follow the power supply design in chapter 3, Site Survey and Antenna System Design to stay within current limits. The antenna and antenna amplifier will not perform below 8.0Vdc.

2. Block and terminate all unused F-connectors on the splitters. If all four antenna fields on the receiver system are not used, then terminate the unused fields.

3. There are four active components in the antenna system; the antenna, antenna amplifier, bias tee, and power supply. Interchange these components among fie lds to troubleshoot a bad component.

4. Make sure all antenna components are installed properly. Check the component label if in doubt.

5. Follow the coaxial cable crimping guidelines in chapter 4, Installation. Carelessly terminating the cable can lead to shorts or opens.

Do not let the grounding braid wrap around the cente r cond uctor when stripping the cable.

Make sure the center conductor extrudes just past the end of the connector when crimping on the connectors.

Defective Receiver System Components

Refer to the ApexPro Receiver System Service Manual if you suspect the quad receiver module or the receiver system PCB (backplane).

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Troubleshooting: Measure Antenna Voltage

Measure Antenna Voltage

Perform the following steps with the antenna field under full load. All amplifiers and associated antenna components (attenuators, splitter, etc.) must be connected. Check the voltage for one antenna field as follows.

:$51,1*

Shock hazard. Be aware of 12Vdc present at all DC IN bias tee connectors.

1. Go to the furthest antenn a and amplifie r from the receiver system.

2. Disconnect the antenna field from the DC In/RF Out connector of the amplifier and measure the voltage on the coaxial cable from the center conductor to the outer shield.

3. Verify a minimum of +8.0V referenced to chassis ground. If it is not, record voltage.

4. If the voltage reading is low, make the antenna run shorter, or move the power supply and bias tee closer to the antenna.

5. Disconnect the test cables and reconnect the coaxial cable to the antenna.

6. Repeat the above steps for the furthest antenna and amplifier connected to each field.

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7 Parts Lists and Drawings

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For your notes

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Antennas

Parts Lists and Drawings: Antennas

ApexPro Antenna 560–614MHz

The ApexPro antenna can handle RF signals up to –17dBm within the ranges of 560–614MHz. It can operate down to +6Vdc and draws 40mA of current.

Identify the antenna by its part number label and the GE label on the front (bottom ) .

ApexPro Antenna Hi Pwr 420–474MHz or 560–614MHz

The high power antenna can handle RF signals up to –15dBm within 420–474MHz or 560–614MHz and has more filtering for out-of-band signals. It can operate down to +8 Vdc, draws 55mA of current, and has >15dB rejection below 470MHz (320MHz for -004 antenna).

Identify the high power antenna by its part number label and the GE logo only on the front (bottom).

ApexPro Antenna Passive

The passive antenna has no internal filtering or amplification, therefore requires no dc voltage. Use this antenna with notch filters or high/low pass filters and an in-line amplifier. Use only when the other antennas do not meet design requirements.

The passive antenna looks identical to the high power antenna except it has a black cap over the LED power indicator.

Retaining Clip

Retaining Pin

ApexPro Antenna

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Parts Lists and Drawings: Antennas

Description Part Number

ApexPro Antenna (560-614MHz) 2000673-001

ApexPro Hi Pwr Antenna (560-614MHz) 2000673-002

ApexPro Passive Antenna (560-614MHz) 2000673-003 ApexPro Hi Pwr Antenna (420-474MHz) 2000673-004 ApexPro Passive Antenna (420-474MHz) 2000673-005 The above antennas come with the following mounting hardware:

Retaining Pin

Ceiling Retaining Clip

419524-001

45153-007

Antenna Labels 2001522-001

Antenna Specifications

Performance Specifications Type -001 Hi-Pwr

-002 and -004

Passive

-003 and -005

Voltage range 6.0 – 15.0V 8.0 – 15.0V N/A Minimum voltage 6.0V 8.0V N/A Current draw 40mA 55mA N/A Gain 17dB 17dB –5

Operating Conditions

Ambient temperature 10°C to 35°C (50°F to 95°F) Relative humidity 25% to 85% (non condensing)

Storage Conditions

Temperature –40° C to 70°C (–40°F to 158°F) Relative humidity 15% to 95% (non condensing) Pressure 500 hPa to 1060 hPa

Warranty

Standard warranty is one year. Other options are available.

Dimensions

11 in. x 11 in. x 3.5 in.

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Parts Lists and Drawings: Antennas

Optional Drywall Mount Hardware

Optional Ceiling Tile

Mount Hardware

Description Part Number

Optional Ceiling Tile Mounting Kit 2002112-001 Optional Drywall Mounting Kit 2002112-002

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Parts Lists and Drawings: Power Supply, PN 422766-001

Power Supply, PN 422766-001

Power cords must be ordered separately. See Power Cords later in this chapter.

Power Supply Specifications

Power

Input: Output

Operating Environment

Temperature Humidity

Storage Environment

Temperature Humidity

Isolation Meets IEC 60601, classification BF, UL544 patient care, CSA

Overall Regulation < 5% no minimum load required Maximum Ripple < 100mVp-p Cord Length 305mm (12 in.) Safety Approved to UL 544/2601.1, cUL (CSA) 22.2 #125/601.1, TUV

EMC Meets level B requirements of FCC part 15, CISPR11

90-260Vac, 47 - 63Hz, male power inlet, 3 conductor, IEC 320 12Vdc, 2.5A, short circuit and overload protection

0 – 40° C 20 - 95% non-condensing

-40 – 75° C 10 -95% non-condensing

125 risk class 2G

EN60601.1 and CE LVD

(EN55011). Less than 1 volt output deviation for IEC801-2, 3, 4, 5 immunity tests.

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Parts Lists and Drawings: Bias Tee, PN 2001546-001

Bias Tee, PN 2001546-001

127(If using bias tee pn2001546-001 you must use GE Medical

Systems Information Technologies power supply pn422766-001.

Bias Tee Specifications

Frequency 400-650MHz Insertion Loss 0.5dB, max Isolation

DC OUT/RF IN port to DC IN port

RF OUT port to DC IN port VSWR 1.3.1, max DC Voltage 30 Volts, max DC Current 1 Amp, max RF Power +20dBm, max Temperature 0 - 55° C DC Resistance 0.1 ohms

20dB, min

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Parts Lists and Drawings: Antenna Amplifier, PN 2001727-00X

Antenna Amplifier, PN 2001727-00X

The antenna amplifier delivers 22dB of gain and draws 40mA of current. Green LED on the side indicates that the amp is receiving power. DC passing. Do not plug in backwards!

Description Part Number

U.S. Antenna Amplifier (560–614 MHz) 2001727-001 International Antenna Amplifier (420-474 MHz) 2001727-002

DC In/

RF Out

DC Out/

RF In

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GE ApexPro User manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1 Introduction

Manual Information

Revision History

Purpose of Manual

Intended Audience

Safety Information

Responsibility of the Manufacturer

Intended Use

Definitions of Warnings, Cautions, and Notes

Equipment Symbols

Service Information

Service Requirements

Equipment Identification

2 Equipment Overview

Receiver System Overview

Antenna System Overview

Multi-Path Signals

Diversity

Signal-to-Noise Ratio

Home Run vs. Daisy Chain Connections

Wireless Medical Telemetry Service

Electromagnetic Compatibility Compliance

Radiated RF Immunity Verification Results

Exceptions

Recommendations

Antenna System Components

Power Requirements

Interface with ApexPro Telemetry System

Interface with Multiple ApexPro Telemetry Systems

Receiver Antenna System

Receiver Antenna

Antenna Amplifiers

Coaxial Cable

Splitters/Combiners

Attenuators

Power Supply

Bias Tee

Notch Filters

Overview

Planning Steps

Roundtable Meeting

Walk-Through Criteria

Scaled Drawings

Coaxial Cable Requirements

Fire Code Compliance

Splitter and Power Supply Location

Equipment Location

Room Construction

Hospital Construction

Number of Floors

RF Interference

Identify Noise Sources

Penetration Check

Equipment

ApexPro Antenna Survey Kits

Setup

Define the Antenna Coverage

Identify Strong Signals

Choose Antenna

Data Summary

Antenna System Design

Coaxial Cabling

Antenna Spacing

System Design

Antenna Fields

Antenna Runs

Power Supply Design

Recommended Antenna Layout Design

standard antenna design

Hallway Antenna Design

Deep-Room Antenna Design

Multiple Floor Antenna Design

Antenna Logical Schematic Layout

Four Field Configuration

Multiple Power Supply Configuration

Multiple Receiver System Configuration