GE ApexPro User manual
ApexPro
Site Survey and Installation
2001989-024 Revision B
™
Antenna System
127(Due to continuing product innovation, specifications in this manual are subject to change without
notice.
Listed below are GE Medical Systems Information Technologies trademarks. All other trademarks contained
herein are the property of their respective owners.
900 SC, ACCUSKETCH, AccuVision, APEX, AQUA-KNOT, ARCHIVIST, Autoseq, BABY MAC, C Qwik
Connect, CardioServ, CardioSmart, CardioSys, CardioWindow, CASE, CD TELEMETRY, CENTRA, CHART
GUARD, CINE 35, CORO, COROLAN, COROMETRICS, Corometrics Sensor Tip, CRG PLUS, DASH,
Digistore, Digital DATAQ, E for M, EAGLE, Event-Link, FMS 101B, FMS 111, HELLIGE, IMAGE STORE,
INTELLIMOTION, IQA, LASER SXP, MAC, MAC-LAB, MACTRODE, MANAGED USE, MARQUETTE,
MARQUETTE MAC, MARQUETTE MEDICAL SYSTEMS, MARQUETTE UNITY NETWORK, MARS,
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12SL, 15SL, Access, AccuSpeak, ADVANTAGE, BAM, BODYTRODE, Cardiomatic, CardioSpeak, CD
TELEMETRY
®
-LAN, CENTRALSCOPE, Corolation, EDIC, EK-Pro, Event-Link Cirrus, Event-Link
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®
LIFEWATCH, Managed Use, MARQUETTE PRISM, MARQUETTE
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RESPONDER, MENTOR,
SENSOR, Octanet, OMRS, PHi-
2
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Information Technologies.
© GE Medical Systems Information Technologies, 2001. All rights reserved.
T-2 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B
2001989-024 10 May 2001
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Manual Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3
Purpose of Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3
Intended Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3
Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Responsibility of the Manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4
Intended Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 -4
Definitions of Warnings, Cautions, and Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5
Equipment Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
Service Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
Service Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7
Equipment Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7
2 Equipment Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Receiver System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Antenna System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Multi-Path Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4
Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
Signal-to-Noise Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
Home Run vs. Daisy Chain Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
Wireless Medical Telemetry Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6
Electromagnetic Compatibility Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Radiated RF Immunity Verification Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7
Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7
Antenna System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8
Interface with ApexPro Telemetry System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9
Interface with Multiple ApexPro Telemetry Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9
Receiver Antenna System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9
Receiver Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9
Antenna Amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9
Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9
Splitters/Combiners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10
Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System i
2001989-024
Attenuators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10
Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10
Bias Tee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10
Notch Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-10
3 Site Survey and Antenna System Design . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Planning Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Roundtable Meeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Walk-Through Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Scaled Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6
Coaxial Cable Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6
Fire Code Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6
Ducts and Air-Handling Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6
Vertical Shafts and Non-Air-handling Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6
Splitter and Power Supply Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7
Equipment Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7
Room Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7
Hospital Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8
Number of Floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8
RF Interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8
Identify Noise Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-8
Penetration Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-9
ApexPro Antenna Survey Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-10
2005352-003, U.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-10
2005352-004, International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-10
Spectrum Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-11
Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-12
Define the Antenna Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13
Identify Strong Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13
Choose Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-14
560-614MHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
420-474MHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
Data Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Antenna System Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
Coaxial Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-16
Antenna Spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-16
System Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-16
Antenna Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-17
Antenna Runs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-17
Power Supply Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-17
ii ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B
2001989-024
Recommended Antenna Layout Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18
Standard Antenna Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-18
Hallway Antenna Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-19
Deep-Room Antenna Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-19
Multiple Floor Antenna Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-19
Antenna Logical Schematic Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
Four Field Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-21
Multiple Power Supply Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-22
Multiple Receiver System Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-23
System Gain/Loss Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26
Coaxial Cable Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-26
Splitter/Combiner Losses and Amplifier Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-26
Calculate Signal Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27
How to Fill Out the Signal Loss Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27
Create a Bill of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-31
Calculate Voltage Drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32
Completion and Documentation of Site Survey and System Design . . . . . . . . . 3-33
4 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Install Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Coaxial Cable Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Strippers and Crimpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5
RG-6 Cable Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7
RG-11 Cable Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-8
Install Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
Install Antenna Amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Install Power Supplies and Bias Tees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Install Notch Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Test Antenna Components Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-13
Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-13
Scan for Noise and Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
Program Transmitters and Document TTX Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15
Notch Filter Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-15
Program and Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System iii
2001989-024
5 Checkout Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
Required Tools and Special Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Check Antenna System Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
6 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Required Tools and Special Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Troubleshooting an Antenna System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-4
Extended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-4
Troubleshooting ECG Dropout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
TTX Dropout Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-5
External Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
TTX Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-6
High Noise Floor on an Antenna Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-6
Low Transmitter Signal at the Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7
Defective Antenna or Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7
Defective Receiver System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-7
Measure Antenna Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
7 Parts Lists and Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
ApexPro Antenna 560–614MHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
ApexPro Antenna Hi Pwr 420–474MHz or 560–614MHz . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
ApexPro Antenna Passive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
Power Supply, PN 422766-001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
Bias Tee, PN 2001546-001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
Antenna Amplifier, PN 2001727-00X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9
RG-6 and RG-11 Coaxial Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-9
Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10
F-Type, RG-11, Riser Male Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-10
iv ApexPro Tele metry System Revision B
2001989-024
F-Type, RG-6, Riser Male Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-10
F-Type, RG-11, Plenum Male Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-11
F-Type, RG-6, Plenum Male Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-11
Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12
Female F – Female F Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-12
Male F – Male F Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-12
Block and Terminator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13
75 Ohm Terminator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-13
DC Power Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-13
Splitters/Combiners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14
DC Passing Attenuators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15
Notch Filters, PN 2005063-0xx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16
Power Cords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
Appendix A – TTX Frequency Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1
International (420-474MHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3
U.S. (560-614MHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-17
Appendix B – TV Channel Frequen cy Char t for U.S. . . . .B-1
Appendix C – Signal Loss Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1
Appendix D – Radio Astronomy Sites for U.S. . . . . . . . . .D-1
Radio Astronomy Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3
Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System v
2001989-024
For your notes
vi ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B
2001989-024
1 Introduction
Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 1-1
2001989-024
For your notes
1-2 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B
2001989-024
Manual Information
Revision History
Each page of the document has the document part number and revision
letter at the bottom of the page. The revision letter changes whenever
the document is updated.
Purpose of Manual
This manual is intended for service representatives and technical
personnel involved with installing and maintaining an antenna system
for GE Medical Systems Information Technologies telemetry systems.
The purpose of this manual is to aid in the design, layout, testing, and
troubleshooting of a telemetry antenna system. It is also intended as a
guide to be used with service technical support for solving common
telemetry antenna problems.
Introduction: Manual Information
Revision Date Comment
A 3 November 2000 Initial release
B 10 May 2001 Updated for international release.
Intended Audience
This manual is intended for use by trained service representatives and
biomedical engineers with a background in electronics, including analog
and digital circuitry with RF and microprocessor architectures.
Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 1-3
2001989-024
Introduction: Safety Information
Safety Information
Responsibility of the Manufacturer
GE Medical Systems Information Technologies is responsible for the
effects of safety, reliability, and performance only if:
n
Assembly operations, extensions, readjustments, modifications, or
repairs are carried out by persons authorized by GE Medical Systems
Information Technologies;
n
The electrical installation of the relevant room complies with the
requirements of the appropriate regulations; and
n
The device is used in accordance with the instructions for use.
Intended Use
This device is intended for use under the direct supervision of a licensed
health care practitioner.
This device is not intended for home use.
Federal law restricts these devices to be sold by or on the order of a
physician.
Contact GE Medical Systems Information Technologies for information
before connecting any devices to the equipment that are not
recommended in this manual.
Parts and accessories used must meet the requirements of the applicable
IEC 60601 series safety standards, and/or the system configuration must
meet the requirements of the IEC 60601 medical electrical systems
standard.
Periodically, and whenever the integrity of the device is in doubt, test all
functions.
The use of ACCESSORY equipment not complying with the equivalent
safety requirements of this equipment may lead to a reduced level of
safety of the resulting system. Consideration relating to the choice shall
include:
u
use of the accessory in the PATIENT VICINITY; and
u
evidence that the safety certification of the ACCESSORY has
been performed in accordance to the appropriate IEC 60601 and/
or IEC 60601 harmonized national standard.
If the installation of the equipment, in the USA, uses 240V rather than
120V, the source must be a center-tapped, 240V, single-phase circuit.
1-4 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B
2001989-024
Introduction: Safety Information
Definitions of Warnings, Cautions, and Notes
Danger, Warnings, Cautions, and Notes are used throughout this
manual to designate a degree or level of hazar dous situations. Hazard is
defined as a source of potential injury to a person.
'$1*(5
indicates a potential hazard or unsafe practice which, if
not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.
:$51,1*
indicates a potential hazard or unsafe practice which, if
not avoided, could result in minor personal injury or
product/property damage.
&$87,21
provides application tips or other useful information to
assure that you get the most from your equipment.
127(provides application tips or other useful information to assure
that you get the most from your equipment.
Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 1-5
2001989-024
Equipment Symbols
The following symbols appear on the equipment.
Introduction: Equipment Symbols
DC In/RF Out or DC Out/RF In
Attention: Consult accompanying documents before using
the equipmen t.
DC In or RF In
RF Out or DC Out
For indoor use only.
Power supply cable configuration.
+ = Power
– = Return
1-6 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B
2001989-024
Service Information
Service Requirements
Follow the service requirements listed below.
n
n
n
n
n
Introduction: Service Information
Refer equipment servicing to GE Medical Systems Information
Technologies’s authorized service personnel only.
Any unauthorized attempt to repair equipment under warranty voids
that warranty.
It is the user’s responsibility to report the need for service to GE
Medical Systems Information Technologies or to one of their
authorized agents.
Failure on the part of the responsible individual, hospital, or
institution using this equipment to implement a satisfactory
maintenance schedule may cause undue equipment failure and
possible health hazards.
Regular maintenance, irrespective of usage, is essential to ensure
that the equipment will always be functional when required.
Equipment Identification
Every GE Medical Systems Information Technologies device has a
unique serial number for identification. The serial number appears on
the product label on the base of each unit.
D 0 XX 0005 G XX
Month
Manufactured
A = January
B = February
C = March
D = April
E = May
F = June
G = July
H = August
J = September
K = October
L = November
M = December
Year
Manufactured
0 = 2000
1 = 2001
2 = 2002
(and so on)
Product Code
Two-character
product descriptor
Product Sequence
Number
Manufacturing
number (of total
units manufactured.)
Division
F = Cardiology
G = Monitoring
N= Freiburg
Hellige
Device Characteristics
One or two letters that further
describe the unit, for example:
P = prototype not conforming to
marketing specification
R = refurbished equipment
S = special product documented
under Specials part numbers
U = upgraded unit
Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 1-7
2001989-024
For your notes
Introduction: Service Information
1-8 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B
2001989-024
2 Equipment Overview
Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 2-1
2001989-024
For your notes
2-2 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B
2001989-024
Equipment Overview: Receiver System Overview
Receiver System Overview
The receiver system’s f unction is to selectively receive, demodulate, and
decode a specified patient’s data that has been transmitted from a
transmitter and broadcast on the RX network to the host application.
Patient data is not stored here. The system only knows TTX numbers
assigned from the host and forwards data to the host where a patient
name is assigned.
The receiver system receives RF signals from the four antenna inputs.
These inputs are for four separat e, overlapping fields. The system
performs the following functions:
n
filters RF (backplane)
n
distributes RF to quad receiver modules (backplane)
n
demodulates and decodes transmitter data (quad receiver modules)
n
retrieves decoded data (backplane)
n
packetizes and sends dat a out over RX Ethernet (backplane)
Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 2-3
2001989-024
Equipment Overview: Antenna System Overview
Antenna System Overview
The function of the antenna system for telemetry is to offer transmitted
signal coverage of a prescribed telemetry area. In addition, the antenna
system should provide error-f ree reception of t he transmit ted data by the
receiving system.
Some advantages of a GE Medical Systems Information Technologi es
antenna system are:
n
handling multi-path signal interference by using a diversity style
antenna system,
n
using home runs versus daisy chain style antenna cable runs.
These topics are detailed in the following sections along with some
information on signal-to-noise ratio and an introduction to some of the
main components used in an antenna system.
Multi-Path Signals
In an indoor environment, many signal paths exist between the
transmitted signal and the re ceiving antenna. This is due to signal
reflections from metal ceilings, metal walls, metal carts, and other
reflective mediums. These reflected signals have different path lengths
from the transmit device to the receiving antenna as compared to the
direct signal path. If this indirect path i s i n the proper phase and
amplitude when compared to the direct path, the indirect signal cancels
the direct path signal. Refer to the figure below. As the path length
changes, the signal cancellations (or nulls) also change and cause a
dynamic multi-path environment.
Direct Signal Path
Transmitter
Indirect Signal Path
Metal Surface
Antenna
Null in Signal
Amplitude
Path Length
Sum of Direct and Indirect Transmitted Signal
2-4 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B
2001989-024
Diversity
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Equipment Overview: Antenna System Overview
Diversity is defined as diffe rent or a difference. For a telemetry system,
this difference is a different antenna connection or antenna field to
obtain the telemetry signal. This different antenna connection is used to
reduce the effects of multi-path signal cancellation (drop-out). There
must be at least two different antenna systems or antenna fields for a
diversity antenna system. The ApexPro Antenna System provides up to
four antenna fields to provide diversity.
In the ApexPro Telemetry System diversity scheme, each telemetry
receiver is continuously monitoring all four antenna fields. When a
stronger antenna field is detected, the receiver switches receiving
antenna fields to the stronger field. This feature results in the reduction
of the effect of multi-path signals for a given receiving antenna field and
provides a seamless switch betwee n antenna field s.
The signal-to-noise ratio is described as the level of the received signal
compared to the level of the received noise. The detector in the receiver
that recovers the digital data from the RF signal needs a given signal-tonoise ratio in order to operate error-free. The greater the signal-to-noise
ratio above this minimum level, the better the detector operates. In an
antenna system, the signal-to-noise ratio is determined by the amount of
RF noise in the coverage area, the amplitude of the received signal, the
amount of noise added by any amplifier stages in the antenna field, and
the number of antennas connected to the antenna field. A related term is
the noise floor. Generally speaking, the lower the noise floor, the greater
the signal-to-noise ratio is for a given receive signal.
Home Run vs. Daisy Chain Connections
ApexPro Antenna System is based on the active home run style. This
means that each antenna has its own cable run returning to the receiver
system. This is in contrast to the daisy chain style connection where
many antennas are connected together in a st ar format before con necting
to the receiver system. Although the home run style system uses more
antenna cable, it is easier to troubleshoot and easier to isolate individual
antenna runs that have a high noise level.
A
To Receiver
Daisy Chain Antenna Style
To Receiver
A
2:1
Home Run Antenna Style
Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 2-5
2001989-024
A
2:1
Omni-Directional
Antenna
Antenna Amplifier
2-to-1 Splitter
Equipment Overview: Antenna System Overview
Wireless Medical Telemetry Service
In June 2000 the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allocated
new spectrum and established rules for Wireless Medical Telemetry
Service (WMTS) allowing potentially life-critical equipment to operate on
an interference-protected basis.
The frequency allocation for WMTS provides spectrum where the
equipment can operate on a primary basis, increasing the reliability of
this important service. The FCC allocated 14 MHz of spectrum for use by
medical telemetry equipment in the 608-614 MHz, 1395-1400 MHz, and
1429-1432 MHz bands. This allocation was based on a needs assessment
conducted by the American Hospital Association (AHA).
The 608-614 MHz band, which corresponds to TV channel 37 had been
reserved for radio astronomy uses, so this action elevates medical
telemetry to a co-primary status with radio astronomy in this band. The
1395-1400 MHz and 1429-1432 MHz bands were government bands
reallocated for non-government use.
Medical telemetry equipment was operating on a secondary basis either
on vacant TV channels under Part 15 of the rules or on special channels
reserved for low-power operation under Part 90 of the rules. It was
unprotected from interference from primary users. This action increases
the reliability of medical telemetry equipment by making them coprimary users in their allocated band.
WMTS is designated as one of the Citizen’s Band Services in Part 95 of
the rules and licensed by rule to eliminate the possible costs and delays
to obtain individual operator’s licenses. The medical telemetry
equipment is authorized under the certification procedure in Part 2 of
the rules. One or more frequency coordinators maintain a database of all
equipment used in conjunction with WMTS.
For more information visit http://www.fcc.gov.
2-6 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B
2001989-024
Equipment Overview: Electromagnetic Compatibility Compliance
Electromagnetic Compatibility Compliance
Radiated RF Immunity Verification Results
The ApexPro Telemetry System meets the requirements of EN60601-1-2
(1993-04) Medical Electrical Equipment, Part 1: General Requirements
for Safety, 2. Collateral Standard: Electromagnetic compatibility –
Requirements and tests, with the following exceptions.
127(This data was collected December 6 - 8, 1999.
Exceptions
EN60601-1-2 Second Edition Draft 200X-YY clause 2.210 Exclusion
bands for intentional radiating/receiving devices = +/- 5% of frequency or
frequency band.
EN60601-1-2 Second Edition Draft 200X-YY clause 36.202.3 - a - 4 –
Radiated RF Electromagnetic fields Immunity - Exclusion Band
EN60601-1-2 Second Edition Draft 200X-YY clause 36.202.6 - a - 4 –
Conducted RF Electromagnetic fields Immunity - Exclusion Band
Recommendations
n
The antenna system tested operates in a frequency band of 560 - 614
MHz. The allowable exclusion band would then be 532 - 645 MHz.
The level of compliance is not 1 V/m in the ranges of 520 - 534 MHz
and 645 - 660 MHz.
n
The transmitter tested operates at a frequency of 614 MHz. The
allowable exclusion band would then be 583 - 645 MHz. The level of
compliance is 1 V/m.
If operating under the conditions defined in EMC Standard EN60601-1-2
(Radiated Immunity 3 V/m), field strengths above 1 V/m may cause
waveform distortions and erroneous numeric data at various
electromagn e ti c inte rf er e nc e (E M I) fr eq ue n cie s.
n
Review the AAMI EMC Committee technical information report
(TIR-18) titled Guidance on electromagnetic compatibility of medical
devices for clinical/biomedical engineers - Part 1: Radiated radiofrequency electromagnetic energy. This TIR provides a means to
evaluate and manage the EMI environment in the hospital.
n
The following actions can b e taken:
u
Manage (increase) distance between sources of EMI and
susceptible devices.
u
Manage (remove) devices that are highly susceptible to EMI.
u
Reduce power from internal EMI sources under hospital control
(i.e., paging systems).
u
Label devices susceptible to EMI.
u
Educate staff (nurses and doctors) to be aware of and to recognize
potential EMI-related problems.
Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 2-7
2001989-024
Equipment Overview: Antenna System Components
Antenna System Components
The antenna system components include receiver antennas, amplifiers,
antenna combiners/splitters, attenuators and antenna notch filters as
needed, and DC power sources to power the receive antennas and
antenna amplifiers. See the Parts Lists chapter for specific part numbers
and descriptions.
The ApexPro Antenna System is not compatible with any previous
telemetry systems due to the change in operating frequency.
Antenna
Cable
DC
Cable
Antenna
Power Requirements
Combiner
+12 VDC 1A
The DC power requirements for the ApexPro Antenna System depend
greatly on the configuration of each individual system. To ease the power
requirements of the ApexPro Telemetry System, the power supply for the
antenna system is external to the ApexPro Receiver System and separate
from the antenna.
A power supply with 12Vdc 1A output is used in conjunction with a bias
tee. One power supply minimum per antenna f ield with a maximum of 18
antennas/antenna amplifiers per power supply. If there are more than 18
antennas/antenna amplifiers per field, then segment the antenna field
and divide the load of the antenna/antenna amplifiers to another power
supply and bias tee. (Refer to the Signal Loss Chart on page 3-29.)
Bias
Tee
Power Supply
Splitter
ApexPro Receiver
System
2-8 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B
2001989-024
Equipment Overview: Antenna System Components
Interface with ApexPro Telemetry System
The interface between the antennas and the receiver system consists of
coaxial cabling and connectors for transferring the transmitted signal.
The interface uses 75 ohm cable from each antenna field and ‘F’ style 75
ohm connectors as a connection medium. The preferred cable is RG-6, but
for longer lengths RG-11 may be used.
Interface with Multiple ApexPro Telemetry Systems
To interface the antenna system with multiple ApexPro Receiver
Systems, each antenna field in the antenna system is split into the
appropriate number of tap points using combiners/splitters before
connecting to each ApexPro Receiver System.
Receiver Antenna System
Each receiver antenna system is custom designed based on the coverage
area and the location of the ApexPro Receiver System. Many factors
determine the type of antenna system designed. The number of antenna
fields needed must also be determined based on the specifics of the
installation. See chapter 3, Site Survey and Antenna System Design for
details.
Receiver Antenna
Antenna Amplifiers
Coaxial Cable
The receiver antenna is a circularly-polarized array of sloping half-wave
dipoles. It exhibits an omni-directional coverage pattern and includes
and active amplifier. The amplifier supplies 17dB of signal gain and
draws approximately 55mA from as low as 8Vdc.
The receiver antenna comes with a standard drop ceiling T-bar mount.
Refer to chapter 7, Parts Lists and Drawings for other mounting options.
The antenna amplifier boosts the signal when losses from other antenna
components exceed the gain of the receiver antenna. It supplies 22dB
signal gain and draws approximately 55mA from as low as 8Vdc. The
antenna amplifier is dc passive and can pass up to 1A from input to
output.
Coaxial cabling is used to connect the omni-directional antennas and
cable amplifiers to the receiving equipment. Controlled impedance
cabling is used and 75 ohm RG-6 type is recommended. Plenum or riser
rated cable is used to meet NEC fire codes. RG-11 may be used if cable
lengths become long and dB losses become excessive.
Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 2-9
2001989-024
Splitters/Combiners
Attenuators
Power Supply
Equipment Overview: Antenna System Components
Passive splitters/combiners split or combine the RF signal into multiple
paths. The same splitter may also be used as a combiner to join multiple
RF signals into one path. There are two, four, or eight way splitters
available that are DC passive. All unused ports must be DC blocked and
75 ohm terminated.
Attenuators lower signals and balance antenna runs. The attenuators
are DC passive and are available as 3 dB, 6 dB, 10 dB, and 20 dB
attenuators.
A +12Vdc power supply at 1A supplies power to the antenna system.
Power supplies accept AC voltages between 90-270Vac. AC inputs have
internal fuses that are not replaceable. The output of the supply is short
circuit protected.
Bias Tee
Notch Filters
The antenna bias tee allows the injection of DC power from the antenna
power supply into the antenna system cabling. The bias tee supplies RF
isolation between the RF signals on the antenna cabling and the power
supply. It contains a DC block that blocks the conduction of dc power to
the receiver system and associated hardware.
Use a bias tee with each power supply.
Notch filters are channel specific and notch out the TV video and audio
signals. Notch filters may be required to attenuate strong analog or
digital TV stations between 560–614MHz if the signal levels are above
-50dBm.
2-10 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B
2001989-024
3 Site Survey and
Antenna System Design
Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 3-1
2001989-024
For your notes
3-2 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B
2001989-024
Overview
Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Overview
&$87,21
Use this manual only as a guide for the design and
installation of a telemetry antenna system. This manual
does not predi ct or take into account all of the
installation environmental conditions affecting the
design and installation of a specific antenna system.
Using this manual does not guarantee successful
operation of an antenna system. If there are specific
concerns about design or installation, contact GE Medical
Systems Information Technologies technical support
personnel.
&$87,21
Unintentional Radio Frequency (RF) Interference —
Unintentional RF interference could degrade the
reliability and performance of the wireless data link. The
facility must maintain an RF environment free from
unintentional interference.
The following is a summary of the steps necessary to complete an
ApexPro Antenna System site survey and system design. This summary
assumes that sales has received the order and arranged for a site survey
with a telemetry installation specialist.
n
complete planning steps
n
hold roundtable meeting
n
perform a walk-through
n
complete a penetration check
n
design the system
n
complete the antenna logical schematic layout
n
document the survey
The following is a summary of the installation specialist’s
responsibilities when documenting a site survey.
u
Mark the antennas according to the site surveys and scaled
drawings.
u
Generate a bill of materials from the designed schematic and
order parts to be sent to the site.
u
Create a schematic diagram of the antenna system.
u
List all installation process details.
Revision B ApexPro Telemetry System 3-3
2001989-024
Planning Steps
Site Survey and Antenna System Design: Planning Steps
Before performing a site survey, the antenna system must be carefully
planned and designed. For a typical antenna system site, make sure the
following steps have been completed.
1. Sales personnel has a confirmed and quoted antenna coverage area.
2. Sales personnel asks the customer for scaled drawings of all
telemetry coverage areas and schedules the roundtable meeting.
3. U.S. Only
n
Installation specialist determines if channel 37 (608-614MHz) can be
used. See Appendix D, Radio Astronomy Sites, for details.
n
Installation specialist determines if there are any other users of
channel 37 by contacting frequency coordinator.
n
Contact Monitoring Technical Support at 800-558-7822 for an
ApexPro Telemetry System survey kit and spectrum analyzer.
3. International
n
Installation specialist determines if frequencies between 420474MHz can be used.
3-4 ApexPro Telemetry System Revision B
2001989-024
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