GE ALPS Instruction Manual

GE Power Management

ALPS

Advanced Line Protection™ System

Instruction Manual

Firmware Revision: V0004.04AA34 (Rev. A models)

Firmware Revision: V0005.02AA05 (Rev. B models)

Manual P/N: GEK-105555F

Note: All relays must be powered up at least once per year to avoid

deterioration of electrolytic capacitors and subsequent relay failure.

GE Power Management

215 Anderson Avenue, Markham, Ontario Canada L6E 1B3 Tel: (905) 294-6222 Fax: (905) 294-8512 Internet: http://www.GEindustrial.com/p m

Manufactured under an

ISO9002 Registered system.

These instructions do not purport to cover all details or variations in equipment nor provide for every possible contingency to be met in connection with installation, operation, or maintenance. Should further information be desired or should particular problems arise which are not covered sufficiently for the purchaser’s purpose, the matter should be referred to the General Electric Company.

To the extent required the products described herein meet applicable ANSI, IEEE, and NEMA standards; but no such assurance is given with respect to local codes and ordinances because they vary greatly.

1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

1.1 GETTING STARTED

1.1.1 INSPECTION ..................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1.2 PASSWORDS, FACTORY SET......................................................................... 1-1

1.1.3 REMOTE COMMUNICATIONS VIA LOCAL PC................................................1-2

1.1.4 ALPS-LINK QUICK REFERENCE ..................................................................... 1-2

1.1.5 ORDERING........................................................................................................ 1-3

1.2 INTRODUCTION

1.2.1 DESCRIPTION................................................................................................... 1-4

1.2.2 APPLICATION ................................................................................................... 1-4

1.2.3 PROTECTION FUNCTIONS..............................................................................1-4

1.2.4 GROUND DISTANCE QUADRILATERAL CHARACTERISTICS ...................... 1-5

1.2.5 LINE PROTECTION SCHEMES........................................................................ 1-8

1.3 CUSTOM PROGRAMMABILITY

1.3.1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................1-9

1.3.2 PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC ................................................................................ 1-9

1.3.3 CONFIGURABL E INPUTS. ... ................... .................... ................... ... ................ 1-9

1.3.4 CONFIGURABL E OUTPUTS.. .................... ................... .................... .............. 1-10

1.4 AUXILIARY PROTECTION FUNCTIONS

1.4.1 POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER FUSE FAILURE (PTFF).................................1- 11

1.4.2 LINE PICKUP................................................................................................... 1-12

1.4.3 REMOTE-OPEN DETECTOR.......................................................................... 1-13

1.4.4 OUT-OF-STEP BLOCKING ............................................................................. 1-14

1.5 OTHER FEATURES

1.5.1 FLASH MEMORY ............................................................................................1-16

1.5.2 LINE OVERLOAD ............................................................................................ 1-16

1.5.3 CURRENT UNBALANCE DETECTION...........................................................1-16

1.5.4 FAULT LOCATION .......................................................................................... 1-16

1.5.5 FAULT REPORT.............................................................................................. 1-16

1.5.6 OSCILLOGRAPHY ..........................................................................................1-16

1.5.7 PLAYBACK ...................................................................................................... 1-17

1.5.8 SEQUENCE OF EVENTS..... .. .................... ................... .................... .............. 1-17

1.5.9 EQUIPMENT DUTY......................................................................................... 1-17

1.5.10 SELECTABLE GROUPS OF SETTINGS .................................... .................... 1-17

1.5.11 TIME SYNCHRONIZATION............................................................................ .1-18

1.5.12 TRIP BUS CHECK........................................................................................... 1-18

1.5.13 TRIP CIRCUIT MONITOR ........ .. ............................... ............................... .. .....1-18

1.5.14 ALARMS .......................................................................................................... 1-19

1.5.15 METERING ...................................................................................................... 1-19

1.5.16 BREAKER CONTROL ................................... ................... .................... ... ........ 1-19

1.6 COMMUNICATIONS

1.6.1 KEYPAD AND DISPL A Y. ... ................... .................... ................... ... ................. 1-20

1.6.2 SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS.......................................................................... 1-20

1.6.3 SCADA DIGITAL TO ANALOG (DTA) INTERFACE........................................ 1-20

1.7 SELF-TEST FEATURES

1.7.1 START-UP SELF-TESTS ................................................................................ 1-21

1.7.2 RUN-TIME SELF-TESTS..................................... ............................. .. .............1-21

1.7.3 CONTINUOUS MONITOR ............................................................................... 1-22

1.8 PROTECTION SCHEMES

1.8.1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................1-23

1.8.2 STEP DISTANCE............................................................................................. 1-23

1.8.3 PERMISSIVE UNDERREACH TRANSFER TRIP (PUTT)..............................1-25

1.8.4 PERMISSIVE OVERREACH TRANSFER TRIP (POTT1)............................... 1-27

1.8.5 POTT WITH BLOCKING FUNCTIONS (POTT2).............................................1-27

1.8.6 BLOCKING SCHEME ...................................................................................... 1-30

1.8.7 HYBRID SCHEME ........................................................................................... 1-33

1.8.8 SINGLE PHASE TRIPPING............................................................................. 1-35

1.9 PHASE IDENITIFIED CHANNEL SCHEMES

1.9.1 DESCRIPTION................................................................................................. 1-38

1.9.2 INTER-CIRCUIT FAULTS................................................................................1-38

1.9.3 TWO CHANNEL PHASE IDENTIFIED CHANNEL LOGIC ..............................1-38

1.9.4 FOUR CHANNEL PHASE IDENTIFIED CHANNEL LOGIC ............................ 1-40

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ALPS Advanced Line Protection System i

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1.10 OUT-OF-STEP TRIPPING (OPTIONAL)

1.10.1 DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................1-41

1.10.2 OST CHARACTERISTIC SHAPE.....................................................................1-41

1.10.3 OUT-OF-STEP DETECTION............................................................................1-42

1.10.4 TWO-CHARACT E R IS TIC OP E R ATION........... ... ... ................... .................... ...1-43

1.10.5 OUT-OF-STEP OSCILLOGRAPHY CAPTURE................................................1-43

1.11 COMPENSATED POSITIVE SEQUENCE OVERVOLTAGE (OPTIONAL)

1.11.1 DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................1-44

1.11.2 APPLICATION ..................................................................................................1-44

1.12 RECLOSER (OPTIONAL)

1.12.1 DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................1-45

1.12.2 RECLOSING MODE.........................................................................................1-45

1.12.3 RECLOSING PROGRAMS...............................................................................1-45

1.12.4 RECLOSER INPU TS............................. ... .. .................... .................... ..............1 - 46

1.12.5 RECLOSER OUTP UT S............................................... .................... ................. 1 - 47

1.12.6 \SYNCHRONISM CHECK (OPTIONAL)...........................................................1-48

1.12.7 ALPS RECLOSING PROGRAM SUMMARY....................................................1-48

1.13 ELEMENTARY DIAGRAMS

1.13.1 ELEMENTARY DIAGRAMS .............................................................................1-49

2. CALCULATION OF SETTINGS

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.1.1 DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................2-1

2.2 GENERAL SETTINGS

2.2.1 CONFIGURATION..............................................................................................2-2

2.2.2 COMMUNICATIONS ..........................................................................................2-4

2.2.3 OSCILLOGRAPHY.............................................................................................2-6

2.2.4 EQUIPMENT DUTY............................................................................................2-6

2.2.5 PROGRAMMABLE INPUTS...............................................................................2-8

2.3 PROTECTION SETTINGS

2.3.1 Z1DISTANCE .....................................................................................................2-9

2.3.2 ZONE 2, ZONE 3, AND ZONE 4 DISTANCE FUNCTIONS.............................2-13

2.3.3 Z2DISTANCE ...................................................................................................2-14

2.3.4 Z3DISTANCE ...................................................................................................2-16

2.3.5 Z4DISTANCE ...................................................................................................2-18

2.3.6 CURSUPVISN.......................................................................................... ........2-22

2.3.7 OVERCURRNT ........... .. ............................ .. .......................... .. .........................2-2 5

2.3.8 VOLTAGE.........................................................................................................2-27

2.3.9 POSITIVE-SEQUENCE VOLTAGE FUNCTIONS............................................2-28

2.3.10 BLK RECLOS ...................................................................................................2-29

2.3.11 LINEPICKUP ....................................................................................................2-30

2.3.12 REMOTEOPEN ................................................................................................2-31

2.3.13 LINEOVRLD .....................................................................................................2-32

2.3.14 SCHEME ..........................................................................................................2-32

2.3.15 SCHMTIMERS..................................................................................................2-33

2.3.16 LINE INFO ........................................................................................................2-36

2.3.17 SCADA DTA .....................................................................................................2-37

2.3.18 OS BLOCKING .................................................................................................2-38

2.3.19 OS TRIPPING...................................................................................................2-39

2.3.20 RECLOSER ......................................................................................................2-41

2.3.21 NONCRIT_AL ...................................................................................................2-46

2.3.22 OUTPUTS.........................................................................................................2-46

2.4 INVERSE CURVES

2.5 REFERENCE TABLES

2.5.1 INDEX NUMBERS............................................................................................2-51

2.5.2 PROTECTION SETTINGS GUIDE...................................................................2-57

2.5.3 GENERAL SETTINGS GUIDE .........................................................................2-64

2.5.4 PROTECTION SETTINGS DATA SHEETS .....................................................2-66

2.5.5 GENERAL SETTINGS DATA SHEETS............................................................2-73

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3. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

4. ACCEPTANCE/PERIODIC

TESTS

3.1 CASE ASSEMBLY

3.1.1 CONSTRUCTION .............................................................................................. 3-1

3.1.2 ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS AND WIRING .................................................. 3-3

3.1.3 IDENTIFICATION...............................................................................................3-3

3.1.4 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM ............................................................................. 3-4

3.2 INSTALLATION

3.2.1 RECEIVING, HANDLING, AND STORAGE....................................................... 3-5

3.2.2 ENVIRONMENT................................................................................................. 3-5

3.2.3 MOUNTING........................................................................................................3-5

3.2.4 EXTERNAL CON N ECT I ONS......................... ................... .................... ............. 3-5

3.2.5 SURGE GROUND CONNECTIONS.................................................................. 3-5

3.3 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD MODULES

3.3.1 WARNING.......................................................................................................... 3-6

3.3.2 BASIC CONSTRUCTION..................................................................................3-6

3.3.3 MODULE IDENTIFICATION .............................................................................. 3-6

3.3.4 LOCAL USER INTERFACE (LUI)...................................................................... 3-6

3.3.5 INPUT BOARD............. ... ................... .................... .................... ................... ... .. 3-6

3.3.6 MAGNETICS MODULE .....................................................................................3-8

3.3.7 COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE .................................................................... 3-9

3.3.8 DIGITAL OUTPUT / POWER SUPPLY BOARD.............................................. 3-10

3.3.9 DSP / ANI / COMM / LUI.................................................................................. 3-11

3.3.10 960 CPU BOARD............................................................................................. 3-12

4.1 OVERVIEW

4.1.1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................4-1

4.1.2 TEST EQUIPMEN T......... ................... .................... .................... ................... ... .. 4-1

4.1.3 DRAWINGS AND R EF ER E NC E S ........... ... ................... .................... ................ 4-1

4.1.4 EQUIPMENT GROUNDING ............. .. ...............................................................4-2

4.1.5 REQUIRED SETTI N GS .......... ... ... ................... .................... .................... .......... 4-2

4.1.6 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS .............................................................................. 4-2

4.1.7 SETTING CHANGE S............................... ... ................... .................... ................ 4-3

4.1.8 ENTERING TEST M OD E........ ... ... ................... .................... .................... .......... 4-4

4.1.9 USING COMMUNICATIONS (OPTIONAL)........................................................ 4-4

4.2 GENERAL RELAY TESTS

4.2.1 T1 – RELAY STATUS AND DISPLAY TESTING...............................................4-7

4.2.2 DISPLAY AND KEYPAD TESTS ....................................................................... 4-7

4.2.3 T2 – DIGITAL OUTPUT TEST ........................................................................... 4-8

4.2.4 T3 – CONFIGURABLE INPUT AND OUTPUT TEST ........................................ 4-9

4.2.5 T4 – AC SYSTEM INPUT TEST ...................................................................... 4-10

5. FUNCTIONAL TESTS

(FACTORY SETTINGS)

GE Power Management

5.1 TEST SUMMARY

5.1.1 DESCRIPTION................................................................................................... 5-1

5.2 MEASURING UNIT TESTS

5.2.1 T1 – FAULT DETECTOR TEST......................................................................... 5-2

5.2.2 T2 – IT TRIP SUPERVISION TEST................................................................... 5-2

5.2.3 T3 – IB BLOCKING SUPERVISION TEST ........................................................ 5-3

5.2.4 T4 – GROUND DIRECTIONAL TRIP TEST, IPT + NT...................................... 5-3

5.2.5 T5 – GROUND DIRECTIONAL BLOCK TEST, IPB + NB.................................. 5-3

5.2.6 T6 – PHASE INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT 50 ........... ..........................5-4

5.2.7 T7 – GROUND INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT 50G...............................5-4

5.2.8 T8 – GROUND TIME OVERCURRENT 51G.....................................................5-4

5.2.9 UNDERVOLTAGE TEST....................................................... ............................5-5

5.2.10 T9 – T10 – OVERVOLTAGE TEST ................................................................... 5-5

5.3 ZONE REACH AND TIMER TESTS

5.3.1 GENERAL ZONE REACH TESTING CONSIDERATIONS ............................... 5-8

5.3.2 T11 – ZONE 1 GROUND REACH, M1G GROUND FAULTS . ...........................5-8

5.3.3 T12 – ZONE 2 GROUND REACH, MTG GROUND FAULTS............................5-9

5.3.4 T13 – ZONE 3 GROUND REACH, M3G GROUND FAULTS . ...........................5-9

5.3.5 T14 - ZONE 4 GROUND REACH, M4G GROUND FAULTS...........................5-10

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5.3.6 T15 – GROUND (ZONE BACKUP) TIMER TESTS..........................................5-11

5.4 PHASE-TO-PHASE ZONE REACH TESTING

5.4.1 T16 – ZONE 1 PHASE REACH, M1 FAULTS ..................................................5-13

5.4.2 T17 – ZONE 2 PHASE REACH, M2 FAULTS ..................................................5-13

5.4.3 T18 – ZONE 3 PHASE REACH, M3 FAULTS ..................................................5-14

5.4.4 T19 – ZONE 4 PHASE REACH, M4 FAULTS ..................................................5-15

5.4.5 T20 – PHASE (ZONE BACK-UP) TIMER TESTS ............................................5-16

5.5 MOB TESTING

5.5.1 T21 – OUT-OF-STEP REACH, MOB................................................................5-19

5.5.2 ENDING FUNCTIONAL TESTS................................................. ......................5-19

6. FUNCTIONAL TESTS (USER SETTINGS)

6.1 ALPS FUNCTIONAL TESTS

6.1.1 DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................6-1

6.1.2 DRAWINGS AND R EF ER E NC E S .......................... .. .................... .................... ..6-2

6.1.3 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS...............................................................................6-3

6.1.4 ENTERING TEST M OD E ........................... .................... .................... ................ 6- 3

6.1.5 USING ALPS-LINK (OPTIONAL) .......................................................................6-3

6.2 GENERAL RELAY TESTS

6.2.1 T1 – LUI RELAY STATUS ..................................................................................6-4

6.2.2 T2 – LUI DISPLAY TEST....................................................................................6-4

6.2.3 T3 – DIGITAL OUTPUT TEST............................................................................6-4

6.2.4 T4 – AC SYSTEM INPUT TEST .........................................................................6-5

6.3 MEASURING UNIT TESTS

6.3.1 WARNING ..........................................................................................................6-6

6.3.2 T5 – IT TRIP SUPERVISION TEST ...................................................................6-6

6.3.3 T6 – IB BLOCKING SUPERVISION TEST (BLOCKING SCHEMES) ................6-6

6.3.4 T7 – GROUND DIRECTIONAL TRIP TEST, IPT + NT.......................................6-6

6.3.5 T8 – GROUND DIRECTIONAL BLOCK TEST, IPB + NB ..................................6-7

6.4 BACKUP PROTECTION TESTS

6.4.1 T9 – PHASE INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT 50......................................6-8

6.4.2 T10 – GROUND INSTANTANEOUS OVERCURRENT 50G..............................6-8

6.4.3 T11 – GROUND TIME OVERCURRENT 51G....................................................6-9

6.5 ZONE REACH TESTS

6.5.1 GENERAL CONSID E RATIONS .................................. .................... .................6 - 10

6.5.2 ZONE 1–4 PHASE-TO-GROUND CALCULATIONS........................................6-10

6.5.3 T12 – ZONE 1 GROUND REACH TEST, M1G GROUND FAULTS................6-12

6.5.4 T13 – ZONE 2 GROUND REACH, MTG GROUND FAULTS ..........................6-13

6.5.5 T14 – ZONE 3 GROUND REACH, M3G GROUND FAULTS...........................6-13

6.5.6 T15 – ZONE 4 GROUND REACH, M4G GROUND FAULTS...........................6-14

6.5.7 ZONE 1 TO 4 PHASE-PHASE REACH CALCULATIONS ...............................6-14

6.5.8 T16 – ZONE 1 PHASE REACH, M1 FAULTS ..................................................6-16

6.5.9 T17 – ZONE 2 PHASE REACH, MT FAULTS..................................................6-16

6.5.10 T18 – ZONE 3 PHASE REACH, M3 FAULTS..................................................6-17

6.5.11 T19 – ZONE 4 PHASE REACH, M4 FAULTS..................................................6-17

6.5.12 ENDING FUNCTIONAL TESTS (USER SETTINGS).......................................6-17

7. SPECIFICATIONS

8. LOCAL USER INTERFACE

7.1 ALPS SPECIFICATIONS

7.1.1 DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................7-1

8.1 INTRODUCTION

8.1.1 DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................8-1

8.1.2 DISPLAY AND KEYPAD ....................................................................................8-1

8.1.3 CONTROL KEYS................................................................................................8-2

8.1.4 MESSAGES........................................................................................................8-3

8.1.5 SETTINGS..........................................................................................................8-4

8.1.6 EDIT PROTECTION SETTINGS ........................................................................8-4

8.1.7 [END] KEY ............................ .................... ................... .................... ...................8-6

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8.1.8 EDIT GENERAL SETTINGS.............................................................................. 8-7

8.1.9 SELECT ACTIVE SETT GRP ............................................................................ 8-7

8.1.10 MODIFY DATE/TIME......................................................................................... 8-7

8.1.11 ACTIONS ........................................................................................................... 8-8

8.1.12 DISABLE OUTPUTS.......................................................................................... 8-8

8.1.13 ENABLE OUTPUT S................... .................... ................... .................... ............. 8-9

8.1.14 TRIP BREAKER................................................................................................. 8-9

8.1.15 CLOSE BREAKER............................................................................................. 8-9

8.1.16 RELAY TEST ................................................................................................... 8-10

8.1.17 CHANNEL TEST.. ... .. .................... ... ................... .................... ................... ...... 8-11

8.1.18 KEYPAD/DISPL AY INTERFACE TEST................................................ ........... 8-12

8.1.19 DIGITAL OUTPUT TEST ................................................................................. 8-12

8.1.20 PLAYBACK ...................................................................................................... 8-13

8.1.21 CHANGE PASSWORD....................................................................................8-14

8.1.22 ENABLE/DISABLE PASSWORDS .. .. ... .................... ................... .................... 8-15

8.1.23 RESET DATA................................................................................................... 8-15

8.1.24 RESET RECLOSER ........................................................................................8-15

8.1.25 ADJUST CONTRAST ...................................................................................... 8-15

8.2 INFORMATION

8.2.1 DESCRIPTION................................................................................................. 8-16

8.2.2 REQUEST STATUS INFORMATION .............................................................. 8-16

8.2.3 REQUEST FAULT INFORMATION .................................................................8-17

8.2.4 REQUEST PRESENT VALUES....................................................................... 8-18

8.2.5 CONTACT CONVERTER STATUS................................................................. 8-18

8.2.6 DIGITAL OUTPUT STATUS ............................................................................ 8-18

8.2.7 EVENT INFORMATION................................................................................... 8-19

8.2.8 COMMUNICATION PASSWORDS.................................................................. 8-21

8.2.9 REQUEST STATION/LINE ID.......................................................................... 8-21

8.2.10 REQUEST ALPS MODEL/VERSION............................................................... 8-21

8.2.11 OSCILLOGRA PHY SNAPSHOT.............. ... ................... .................... .............. 8-22

8.3 ASCII INTERFACE

8.3.1 DESCRIPTION................................................................................................. 8-23

8.3.2 RECOMMENDED REMOTE COMMUNICATIONS PACKAGE....................... 8-23

8.4 REMOTE COMMUNICATION INTERFACE

8.4.1 HARDWARE SWITCHES ................................................................................ 8-24

8.4.2 MODEM CONNECTIONS AND SETTINGS .................................................... 8-24

8.4.3 PC MODEM ..................................................................................................... 8-25

8.4.4 ALPS MODEM ................ ... ... ................... .................... ................... ................. 8-25

8.4.5 NULL-MODEM CONNECTIONS ..................................................................... 8-27

9. SERVICING

10. ALPS TEST PROGRAM

GE Power Management

9.1 SPARES

9.1.1 DESCRIPTION................................................................................................... 9-1

9.1.2 SERVICING WITH THE RELAY SELF-TEST.................................................... 9-1

9.2 TROUBLESHOOTING

9.2.1 DESCRIPTION................................................................................................... 9-3

9.2.2 THE INFORMATION STATUS COMMAND....................................................... 9-3

9.2.3 SERVICING A CRITICAL FAILURE .................................................................. 9-3

9.2.4 LOCATING THE DEFECTIVE BOARD.............................................................. 9-4

9.2.5 SERVICING A NON-CRITICAL FAILURE ......................................................... 9-4

9.2.6 LOCATING THE DEFECTIVE BOARD.............................................................. 9-4

9.2.7 SERVICE SYSTEM STATUS FAILURES.......................................................... 9-5

10.1 INTRODUCTION

10.1.1 DESCRIPTION................................................................................................. 10-1

10.1.2 STARTING PROGRAM AFTER THE FIRST TIME ......................................... 10-1

10.2 TEST CALCULATIONS

10.2.1 DESCRIPTION................................................................................................. 10-2

10.2.2 ENTERING INPUT QUANTITIES.................................................................... 10-2

10.2.3 ENTERING A VALU E ...................... ................... .................... ................... ... ... 10-3

10.2.4 SELECTING A VALUE..................................................................................... 10-3

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10.2.5 M1 PHASE UNITS – ZONE 1...........................................................................10-3

10.2.6 MT PHASE UNITS – ZONE 2...........................................................................10-4

10.2.7 M3 PHASE UNITS – ZONE 3...........................................................................10-4

10.2.8 M4 PHASE UNITS – ZONE 4...........................................................................10-5

10.2.9 MOB PHASE UNIT...........................................................................................10-5

10.2.10 MIG GROUND UNITS – ZONE 1 .....................................................................10-6

10.2.11 MTG GROUND UNITS – ZONE 2...................................... ..............................10-6

10.2.12 M3G GROUND UNITS – ZONE 3 ................................................. ...................10-7

10.2.13 M4G GROUND UNITS – ZONE 4 ................................................. ...................10-7

10.3 FILE MENU

10.3.1 NEW TEST FILE...............................................................................................10-8

10.3.2 OPEN TEST FILE.............................................................................................10-8

10.3.3 OPEN SETTING FILE ......................................................................................10-8

10.3.4 CLOSE TEST FILE...........................................................................................10-9

10.3.5 SAVE INPUT QUANTITIES..............................................................................10-9

10.3.6 SAVE INPUT QUANTITIES AS ......................................................................10-10

10.3.7 SAVE OUTPUT AS.......... .. ... .................... ................... .................... ...............1 0 - 10

10.3.8 PRINT................................ .................... ................... .................... ... ...............1 0 - 10

10.3.9 PRINT SETUP ........ ... .................... ................... .................... ................... .......10-10

10.3.10 LAST 4 OPENED SETTINGS FILES..............................................................10-10

10.3.11 EXIT................................................................................................................10-10

10.4 EDIT MENU

10.4.1 COPY..............................................................................................................10-11

10.4.2 COPY TEXT ONLY.........................................................................................10-11

10.4.3 COPY MHO CIRCLE ONLY ...........................................................................10-11

10.5 VIEW MENU

10.5.1 DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................................10-12

10.5.2 TOOLBAR.......................................................................................................10-12

10.5.3 STATUS BAR ............ ... ................... .................... ................... .................... ....10-12

10.6 TOOLS MENU

10.6.1 DESCRIPTION .......... .................... .................................... .............................10-13

10.7 WINDOW MENU

10.7.1 DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................................10-15

10.7.2 CASCADE ......................................................................................................10-15

10.7.3 TILE ................................................................................................................10-15

10.7.4 ARRANGE ICONS..........................................................................................10-15

10.7.5 VIEWING MULTIPLE TESTS .........................................................................10-15

10.8 HELP MENU

10.8.1 CONTENTS ....................................................................................................10-16

10.8.2 ABOUT ALPS_TST ........................................................................................10-16

11. ALPS-LINK USER GUIDE

11.1 INSTALLATION

11.1.1 OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................11-1

11.1.2 USING ON-LINE HELP ....................................................................................11-1

11.1.3 SUPPORTED ARCHITECTURE .............. ................... .................... ... ..............1 1- 1

11.1.4 HARDWARE INSTALLATION ..........................................................................11-1

11.1.5 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION...........................................................................11-3

11.2 USING ALPS-LINK

11.2.1 STARTUP .........................................................................................................11-5

11.2.2 MENU BAR.......................................................................................................11-5

11.2.3 TOOLBAR.........................................................................................................11-5

11.2.4 STATUS BAR ............ ... ................... .................... ................... .................... ... ...11-5

11.3 SETTING UP YOUR HOST MACHINE

11.3.1 DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................11-6

11.3.2 COM PORT SETUP .........................................................................................11-6

11.3.3 MODEM SETUP ........ .................... .. .................... ................... .................... ......11-6

11.3.4 PRINTER SETUP.............................................................................................11-7

11.3.5 DEVICE SETUP .. ... ... .................... ................... .................... ................... .........11-7

11.3.6 ADDING A DEVICE..........................................................................................11-7

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11.4 CONNECTING TO AND LOGGING OUT OF A DEVICE

11.4.1 DESCRIPTION................................................................................................. 11-9

11.4.2 CONNECT TO A DEVICE................................................................................ 11-9

11.4.3 LOGOUT FROM A DEVICE............................................................................. 11-9

11.5 SETTINGS AND ACTIONS

11.5.1 SETTINGS ..................................................................................................... 11-10

11.5.2 ACTIONS ....................................................................................................... 11-12

11.6 INFORMATION

11.6.1 DESCRIPTION............................................................................................... 11-14

11.6.2 OPEN REPORT ............................................................................................. 11-14

11.6.3 NEW REPORT............................................................................................... 11-14

11.6.4 FAULT REPORT............................................................................................ 11-15

11.6.5 OSCILLOGRA PHY REPORT .......... .. .................... .................... ................... . 11-15

11.6.6 BREAKER HEALTH REPORT....................................................................... 11-15

11.6.7 DEMAND REPORT...... ... ... ................... ... .................... ................... ............... 11- 15

11.6.8 DIAGNOSTICS REPORT .............................................................................. 11-15

11.6.9 EVENT REPORT ........................................................................................... 11-15

11.6.10 PRESENT VALUES REPORT.......................................................................11-15

11.6.11 STAT U S R EP ORT.... ... ... ... ................... .................... ................... .................. 1 1 - 15

11.6.12 CONTACT STATUS REPORT.......................................................................11-16

11.6.13 LUI PASSWORD REPORT............................................................................11-16

11.6.14 OPEN REPORT ............................................................................................. 11-16

11.6.15 SAV E RE PORT....... .. .................... ................... .................... .................... ...... 11-16

11.6.16 PRIN T R EP ORT .. ... ................... .................... ................... .................... ......... 11-16

11.7 LOGGING

11.7.1 SESSION LOG............. ... ... ................... ... .................... ................... ............... 11 - 17

11.7.2 TURN OFF.....................................................................................................11-17

11.7.3 CURRENT SESSION LOG..................... .. ............................ .........................11-17

11.7.4 OPEN SESSION LOG ................................................................................... 11-17

11.7.5 ARCHIVAL ..................................................................................................... 11-17

11.7.6 ARCHIVE ....................................................................................................... 11-17

11.7.7 RETREIVE ..................................................................................................... 11-18

12. ASCII COMMUNICATIONS

13. XPRESSION BUILDER

14. ALPS-SET PC SOFTWARE

12.1 INTRODUCTION

12.1.1 DESCRIPTION................................................................................................. 12-1

12.1.2 ASCII INTERFACE .......................................................................................... 12-1

13.1 INTRODUCTION

13.1.1 OVERVIEW...................................................................................................... 13-1

13.1.2 INSTALLATION................................................................................................ 13-1

13.1.3 DESIGN CONSIDE R A TIO N S ....... ................... .................... .................... ........ 13-1

13.1.4 BOOLEAN OPERATORS, LATCHES, TIMERS, & COUNTERS .................... 13-2

13.2 XPRESSION BUILDER FLAGS

13.2.1 CONTACT CONVERTER INPUTS.................................................................. 13-4

13.2.2 INPUT/OUTPUT FLA G S. ... ................... .................... ... ................... ................. 1 3- 4

13.3 CREATING XPRESSION BUILDER LOGIC

13.3.1 DESCRIPTION................................................................................................. 13-9

13.3.2 COMPILING AND DOWNLOADING XPRESSION BUILDER LOGIC...........13-11

13.3.3 BREAKER FAILU R E EX A M PL E.................................................. .................. 1 3 - 11

14.1 INTRODUCTION

14.1.1 INSTALLATION................................................................................................ 14-1

14.1.2 STARTING THE PROGRAM ........................................................................... 14-1

14.1.3 PRINT SETTINGS REPORT ........................................................................... 14-3

14.1.4 EDIT MENU – COPY SETTINGS REPORT .................................................... 14-3

14.1.5 TOOLS MENU .................................................................................................14-3

14.1.6 HELP MENU .................................................................................................... 14-4

GE Power Management

ALPS Advanced Line Protection System vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. FREQUENTLY ASKED

QUESTIONS

B. MODBUS

C. DNP

A.1 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

B.1 MODBUS INTRODUCTION

B.1.1 DESCRIPTION..................................................................................................B-1

B.1.2 COMMUNICATIONS SETTINGS......................................................................B-1

B.1.3 SUPPORTED MODBUS FUNCTIONS..............................................................B-1

B.1.4 EXCEPTION OR ERROR REPLIES.................................................................B-2

B.1.5 DATA FORMATS...............................................................................................B-2

B.2 REGISTER MAPS

B.2.1 SUMMARY........................................................................................................B-3

B.2.2 MODBUS MEMORY MAP.................................................................................B-5

B.2.3 MEMORY MAP DATA FORMATS...................................................................B-15

C.1 OVERVIEW

C.1.1 DESCRIPTION..................................................................................................C-1

C.1.2 MODIFYING SETTINGS USING DNP...............................................................C-1

C.2 DEVICE PROFILE

C.2.1 DNP V3.00 DEVICE PROFILE DOCUMENT....................................................C-2

C.2.2 IMPLEMENTATION TABLE..............................................................................C-4

C.2.3 IMPLEMENTATION TABLE NOTES.................................................................C-5

C.2.4 DEFAULT VARIATIONS....................................................................................C-5

C.3 POINT LISTS

C.3.1 DESCRIPTION..................................................................................................C-6

C.3.2 BINARY INPUT, BINARY INPUT CHANGE......................................................C-6

C.3.3 BINARY OUTPUT, CONTROL RELAY OUTPUT BLOCK..............................C-11

C.3.4 BINARY COUNTER, FROZEN COUNTER.....................................................C-12

C.3.5 ANALOG INPUT, ANALOG INPUT CHANGE.................................................C-13

C.3.6 ANALOG OUTPUT, ANALOG OUTPUT BLOCK............................................C-19

C.3.7 DATA FORMATS – ANALOG INPUT AND OUTPUT POINTS.......................C-26

D. KEYPAD MENUS

E. FIGURES AND TABLES

F. WARRANTY

INDEX

D.1 KEYPAD MENUS

D.1.1 SET KEYPAD MENU.........................................................................................D-1

D.1.2 ACT KEYPAD MENU........................................................................................D-2

D.1.3 INF KEYPAD MENU..........................................................................................D-3

E.1 FIGURES AND TABLES

E.1.1 LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................E-1

E.1.2 LIST OF TABLES..............................................................................................E-3

F.1 WARRANTY INFORMATION

F.1.1 GE POWER MANAGEMENT WARRANTY.......................................................F-1

INDEX

viii ALPS Advanced Line Protection System

GE Power Management

1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 1.1 GETTING STARTED

1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 1.1 GETTING STARTED 1.1.1 INSPECTION

Before attempting to install or use this relay, it is imperative that all WARNINGS and CAUTIONS in this ma nual are reviewed to help prevent personal injury, equipment damage, and/or downtime.

NOTE

Unpack the relay, the mounting brackets, and the hardware for attaching the mounting brackets to the sides of the relay. Examine the rela y for an y dam age sustained in t rans it , and if damage is ev id ent, no tify the shipping c om pa ny an d the nearest GE Power Management sales office immediately.

Prior to applying power, ensure that the model number of the relay listed on the front panel corresponds to the model ordered. Make sure that the DC supply power matches the rated voltage listed on the front panel. Refer to the elementary diagrams on pages 1–49 to 1–52 for the locations of the DC power inputs

Instructi ons o n using the keypad to c hange s etti ngs an d put t he rel ay in to te st mode can b e fo und in Secti on 4.1 .7: SE TTING CHANGES on page 4–3. Complete instructions on operating the keypad are found in Chapter 8: LOCAL USER INTERFACE.

GE Power Management contact information:

GE Power Management 215 Anderson Avenue Markham, Ontario Canada L6E 1B3

Telephone: Toll Free North America: (800) 547-8629

Europe +34 94 485 88 54 Other Areas (905) 294-6222 Emergency (416) 414-4941

Fax: (905) 201-2098 Email: info.pm@indsys.ge.com Home Page: www.GEindustrial.com/pm

1.1.2 PASSWORDS, FACTORY SET

The ALPS requires passwords to change settings or perform actions. No password is required to obtain information from the relay, including viewing the existing settings. The relay is shipped from the factory with the following MMI passwords:

SETTINGS: 123. ACTIONS: 456. MASTER: 789.

The decimal point following the digits is part of the password. Factory passwords MUST be changed before the user can modify settings or initiate Actions.

NOTE

In order to change the default password, follow these steps:

1. Press the ACTIONS key [ACT].

2. Press the ENTER key [ENT].

3. Scroll to the CHANGE PASSWORD option.

4. Select the Password Privilege level to be changed.

5. Press [ENT].

6. Enter the factory password (for example: 789. for Master Password).

7. Enter your password.

8. Re-enter your password.

9. Press [END], press [ENT], and then press [CLR]. The keypad passwords stored in the relay may be viewed, in encoded format, via remote communications.

GE Power Management

ALPS Advanced Line Protection System 1-1

1.1 GETTING STARTED 1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

1.1.3 REMOTE COMMUNICATIONS VIA LOCAL PC

To communicate with the relay through a PC, connect the relay to a serial port of an IBM-compatible computer with a null-modem cable. Connection can be made either to the 25 pin D-connector on the back of the relay (PL2A), or the 9 pin D-connector on the front (PL1). Cable diagrams are shown in the following:

• Figure 8–2: MODEM CABLE on page 8–23

• Figure 8–3: 25-PIN NULL MODEM CABLE on page 8–23

• Figure 8–4: 25-PIN NULL MODEM CABLE on page 8–27

• Figure 8–5: NULL MODEM CABLE FOR PORT PL1 on page 8–27

The communications software required to access the relay, ALPS-Link, is included on the enclosed Products CD. Follow instructions in Section 11.1.5 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION on page 11–3 to load ALPS-Link onto the PC.

1.1.4 ALPS-LINK QUICK REFERENCE

The ALPS relay requires the use of passwords to obtain information from the relay, to change Settings, or to perform Actions. The relay is shipped from the factory with the following communications passwords:

VIEW: VIEW! SETTINGS: SETTING! ACTIONS: CONTROL! MASTER: MASTER!

The exclamation point following the letters is part of the factory password. The factory passwords MUST be changed before the user can modify Settings or initiate Actions. The user can log into the relay at any

NOTE

password level. After logging into the relay, the password can be changed under the ACTION menu by selecting CHANGE PASSWORD.

The user must logout from the ALPS before changing another password. The remaining passwords can then be changed by logging into the ALPS using another default password. The communications passwords may be viewed, in an encoded format, via the [INF] (information) key.

To log into the relay, follow the instructions in Section 4.1.9: USING COMMUNICATIONS (OPTIONAL) on page 4–4. Any one of the factory passwords can be used to log on to the relay. The relay UNITID (General Setting 101) is factory set to "0".

1-2 ALPS Advanced Line Protection System

GE Power Management

1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 1.1 GETTING STARTED

1.1.5 ORDERING

Table 1–1: ORDER CODES

ALPS * * * * * * * * * * * * – *

Base Unit Distance Relay Revision

Tripping Logic

Current Rating

Series Capacitors

Battery Voltage

Trip Outputs

Comm Ports

Mounting

Oscillography

ALPS

|||||||||||| |

| | | | | | | | | | | |

|||||||||| |

| | | | | | | | | |

|||||||| |

| | | | | | | |

|||||| |

| | | | | |

|||| |

| | | |

S E

OST / Positive Sequence Overvoltage

Recloser

Protocol

† These options are applicable to Revision A models only.

|| | || |

| |

N R S

Base Unit Distance Relay ALPS Revision A ALPS Revision B Single Phase Tripping Logic Three Phase Tripping Logic 1 Ampere rated current 5 Ampere rated current For applications without series capacitors For Applications with series capacitors 48V DC battery voltage 110/125 V DC battery voltage 220/250 V DC battery voltage SCR trip outputs & contact channel interface Contact trip outputs & contact channel interface SCR trip outputs & 5V / 20mA channel interface Contact trip outputs & 5V / 20 mA channel interface

Front RS232 port & 1 settable RS232/RS485 rear port (GEmodem/ASCII) Front RS232 port & 2 settable RS232/RS485 rear ports (GEmodem/ASCII) Horizontal mounting Vertical mounting

Standard oscillography memory Extended oscillography memory

No out-of-step tripping or positive sequence overvoltage With out-of-step tripping With positive sequence overvoltage units

With positive sequence overvoltage units & out-of-step tripping No recloser

Recloser

Recloser with sync check

Modbus RTU communication

†

EXAMPLE: ALPSDA35U122VE1N = ALPS Digital Line Protection Distance Relay; revision A; three phase tripping logic;

rated at 5 amperes; without series capacitor protection; 110/125 VDC supply; contact tripping outputs; 2 communications ports; vertical mounting; with extended memory; without OST functions; and no recloser.

†

GE Power Management

ALPS Advanced Line Protection System 1-3

1.2 INTRODUCTION 1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

1.2 INTRODUCTION 1.2.1 DESCRIPTION

The Advanced Line Protection System (ALPS) is a microprocessor-based digital relay system that uses waveform sampling with appropriate algorithms to provide three phase or single phase tripping schemes for transmission line protection, fault location, and related features. The models covered by this instruction book are intended for either three phase or single phase tripping applications. The relay samples the current and voltage inputs from the power system 64 times per cycle. Protection algorithms process this sampled data in sets of four, sixteen times per cycle. The ALPS uses advanced Fourier calculation techniques and adaptive measuring functions to achieve high-speed tripping for severe faults.

The ALPS is packaged in a compact 3 Rack Unit high (one RU = 1.75 Inches) 19-in ch rack moun t cas e and is ava il abl e for either horizontal or vertical mounting. The case outline and mounting dimensions are shown in Figure 3–2: FRONT AND REAR VIEW on page 3–2.

All models include a f ull ke yp ad a nd a liquid crystal displa y (LCD ) for local access to re lay da ta an d s etti ngs . In add iti on, up to three communicatio n po rts are pro vided for both l ocal and rem ote ac cess with a PC. Each port may be indepe ndentl y set for ASCII or GEmodem protocols.

1.2.2 APPLICATION

The models covered by this instruction book are designed to be used on transmission lines of any voltage level, with or without series capacitor compensation, where either single or three-phase tripping is required. Detailed application considerations are described in this chapter and in Chapter 2: CALCULATION OF SETTINGS.

The ALPS can provide high speed detection and clearing of power system faults, and includes logic for step distance and five standard pilot tripping schemes. The scheme logic is described in Section 1.8: PROTECTION SCHEMES on page 1–

23. The external connections for the ALPS are shown in the elementary diagrams on pages 1–49 to 1–52.

The ALPS is available with either a contact interface to the pilot channel equipment or an electronic (5 V, 20 mA) interface so that the relay may b e appl ied with a wi de vari ety of chann el equ ipmen t. Typical cha nnels incl ude: AM and FSK via po wer line carrier (PLC), FSK via microwave, and multiplexed fiber optic cable.

1.2.3 PROTECTION FUNCTIONS

The measurement functions are listed in Table 1–2: ALPS MEASUREMENT FUNCTIONS on page 1–5. The Zone 1 distance functions provide secure high-speed tripping for all fault types over most of the protected line. The

Zone 1 ground distance functions can be selected to be either ground variable-Mho distance functions, or ground-reactance distance functions. The ALPS also offers ground quadrilateral distance functions as Zone 1 ground distance functions. A unique adaptive reach for the supervising Mho characteristic is used when ground-reactance functions are selected.

Overreaching Zone 2 p has e and ground distance func tio ns are us ed fo r pi lot tripping schemes. G ro und -directional overcurrent functions can be selected to replace or supplement the overreaching zone (Zone 2) ground-distance functions in any of the pilot schemes. The ALPS also offers Zone 2 ground quadrilateral characteristics. The Zone 2 phase and ground distance functions are provided with independent timers for time delayed backup protection.

Overreaching Zone 3 phase and ground distance functions are provided with independent timers for time delayed backup protection. The ALPS also has the option for quadrilateral ground-distance functions.

The Zone 4 variable-Mho distance functions can be reversed in direction when a reversed or blocking function is required. When the POTT 2, Blocking or H ybrid scheme i s selected, Zon e 4 is automatic ally set to the rev erse directi on, because these schemes require a reverse-looking blocking function. The Zone 4 phase and ground distance functions are provided with independent timers for time delayed backup protection. The ALPS with three phase tripping also has the option to use Zone 4 ground quadrilateral distance functions for time-delayed backup protection.

When both phase and ground distance functions are used for a zone of protection, six individual measuring functions are available: three fo r pha se dis tan ce and thre e for ground distance. The alg orit hm that im ple me nts the variable-Mho measuring functions is derived from designs that have evolved through several different families of static analog and digital relay systems which have accumulated decades of dependable and secure in-service experience.

An instantaneous overcurrent tripping function (50G) provides direct tripping for severe phase-to-ground faults. Time-overcurrent tripping (51G) provides time-delayed backup tripping for phase-to-ground faults. Either or both of these groundovercurrent functions can be controlled by the NT negative-sequence directional trip unit, at the customer’s discretion.

1-4 ALPS Advanced Line Protection System

GE Power Management

1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 1.2 INTRODUCTION

Table 1–2: ALPS MEASUREMENT FUNCTIONS

ZONE OR TYPE FUNCTIONS

Zone 1 • 3 Variable-Mho phase-distance functions

• 3 Variable-Mho ground-distance functions

• 3 Reactance ground-distance functions with “adaptive reach” Mho supervision 3 Quadrilateral ground-distance functions (Revision B relays only).

Zone 2 (Pilot Zone) • 3 Variable-Mho phase distance functions

3 Variable Mho ground-distance functions Ground directional-overcurrent functions consisting of:

IPT: Ground Trip overcurrent NT: Negative Sequence Directional Trip IPB: Ground Block overcurrent NB: Negative Sequence directional block

3 Quadrilateral ground-distance functions (Revision B relays only)

Zone 3 • 3 Variable-Mho phase-distance functions

• 3 Variable-Mho ground-distance functions, 3 Quadrilateral ground-distance functions (Revision B relays only)

Zone 4 • 3 Reversible variable-Mho phase-distance functions

• 3 Reversible variable-Mho ground-distance functions, 3 Quadrilateral ground-distance functions (Revision B relays only)

Out of Step Blocking (OSB) • 3 Variable-Mho phase-distance functions Overcurrent Backup • 50: Phase-overcurrent direct trip (directional or nondirectional

• 50G: Ground-overcurrent direct trip (directional or nondirectional)

• 51G: Ground time-overcurrent direct trip (directional or nondirectional)

Overcurrent Supervision • IT: Trip-supervision overcurrent

• IB: Block-supervision overcurrent

Fault Detector • FD Line-Pickup Overcurrent • I1 Remote-Open Detectors • ROD Line-Overload Detectors • Level 1 Overcurrent

• Level 2 Overcurrent

Phase Undervoltage • Three fixed pickup phase undervoltage detectors Phase Over / Undervoltage • T hree adjustable over or under voltage detectors with time delay Positive-Sequence Voltage

Detectors Out of Step Tripping (OST) • 3 Variable-Mho positive sequence-distance functions

•V1,

• V1 compensated

and/or

1.2.4 GROUND DISTANCE QUADRILATERAL CHA RACTERISTICS

The ALPS relay has been modified to include the option to use either quadrilateral characteristics or variable Mho characteristics for all zones of ground distance protection. The model numbers affected by this modification are: ALPSDB

XXXXXXXXX

(where X may be any valid character) with firmware version V0005.00AA00 or higher. A new version of ALPS-Link may be required to access the new settings via remote communications (ALPS-Link must be version 3.5 or higher). If required, the updated version of ALPS-Link may be downloaded from the GE power Management website at

www.GEindustrial.com/pm

Many protective re la y engineers prefer to us e a qua dri late r al (p oly gon al ) c hara ct eris tic f or grou nd di stance functions to p rovide more fault resistance coverage than the circular mho characteristic. A typical quadrilateral characteristic is shown in Figure 1–1: GROUND DISTANCE QUADRILATERAL CHARACTERISTIC. The characteristic is comprised of four straight lines; the trip zone is the inside area bounded by all four characteristics. The upper boundary, the reactance characteristic, may also be used with a variable mho function. The variable mho provides both directional supervision for reverse faults. and resistive limits to prevent operation on load.

GE Power Management

ALPS Advanced Line Protection System 1-5

1.2 INTRODUCTION 1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

Figure 1–1: GROUND DISTANCE QUADRILATERAL CHARACTERISTIC

In the ALPS r el ay t he fo ur strai ght line s of th e qu adri lat eral cha rac teri sti c are deve lop ed b y a combin ati on of th e fo llo wing three characteristics:

1. Reactance characteristic (section 1). The tilt of the reactance characteristic is determined by the characteristic timer setting. The range of the setting is 80° to 155° in 1° steps.

2. Restricted directional characteristic (sections 2 and 4)

3. Ri ght (pos iti ve ) resist ive bli nder (section 3)

The following definitions pertain to all of the distance functions:

= phase A current at relay

= phase B current at relay

= phase C current at relay

= zero-sequence current at relay

= phase A to ground voltage at relay

= phase B to ground voltage at relay

= phase C to ground voltage at relay

= positive-sequence component of

= negative-sequence component of

= memory (pre-fault) value of

= Zone x positive-sequence reach setting:

= Zone x zero-sequence reach setting:

Note: The magnitudes of

1 = Zone 1 zero-sequence compensation factor: Z1K0

= zero-sequence compensation factor

and

ZxR

∠ POSSEQANG

ZxR

∠ ZERSEQANG

are identical - these quantities differ in phase angle only.

a) REACTANCE CHARACTERSTIC

The reactance characte ris tic us ed f or the ground quadrilateral is the si mi lar a s th e ex is tin g ne gat ive / zero sequence phase angle comparator reactance characteristic. The function has been modified by the addition of a fourth comparator input (Pol. #3). The operate and polarizing signals used in this function are:

Operate: Pol.# 1: Pol.# 2: Pol.# 3:

where:

Iφ′Z

–

Vφ

I0Z

I2Z

Iφ′Z

is the compen sated IZ product

is the positive sequence replica impedance

Vφ

is the phase to ground voltage

is the zero sequence current component

is the negative sequence current component, referenced to the proper phase.

is the fault component of the positive sequence current component, referenced to the proper phase.

The pre-fault load current is removed from this quantity.

1-6 ALPS Advanced Line Protection System

GE Power Management

1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 1.2 INTRODUCTION

All zones of ground reac tan ce ch arac teri st ics w il l ha ve a c hara cte ris tic tim er wi th a pic ku p ran ge of 90 to 1 55° i n s teps of 1. The characteristic timer setting will be used to “tilt” the reactance characteristic (Tent) to prevent over-reach on non-homogeneous systems, as shown below. Note that the “tent” is not the same as tilting the reactance because it also tilts down to the left of the maximu m re ach bal anc e point. By adjusting the an gle of the phase angle comparator rat her th an the angle of “maximum torque”, the transient over reach is not increased.

“TENT” CHARACTERISTIC

TENTCHAR.CDR

Figure 1–2: TENT CHARACTERISTIC

For the Zone 1 ground function, the signals are:

)·Z11 +

1·

·Z10 –

Phase A: (

Phase B: (

Phase C: (

A1F

B1F

C1F

·Z1

)·Z11 +

1·

b) RESTRICTED DIRECTIONAL CHARACTERISTIC

The restricted directional characteristic for the ground quadrilateral requires a separate directional unit for each phase. No settings are required for this characteristic. The input signals to the comparator are:

Phase A:

Phase B:

Phase C:

where ZD is the angle of “maximum torque” and is equal to 65°. The characteristic timer angle will be fixed at 115°. That is, the function will operate when the input signals are within ±65°

of each other. If the faulted p has e vo lta ge magnitude is too low (as fo r a c los e-i n Zon e 1 fault), the phase d ire cti ona l fun cti on w il l n ot op er-

ate. This might also occur for a remote fault when the relay is located near a strong source. Therefore, if the phase voltage is less than the minimum threshold voltage, the positive-sequence memory voltage from the ground Mho functions is used in place of the phase voltage to polarize the directional function.

GE Power Management

ALPS Advanced Line Protection System 1-7

1.2 INTRODUCTION 1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

c) RIGHT RESISTIVE BLINDER

The right resistive blinder is a two input phase angle comparator. The input signals for the comparator are:

Operate: Polarize:

Iφ′·RB Iφ′·RB

1 1

Vφ

where:

The magnitude of

1 (Right Blinder for Zone 1) is the point at which the characteristic intersects the R

axis. The range of adjustment will be 0.1 to 500.0 ohms in 0.1 ohm steps. The angle of RB1 is be fixed based on the positive sequence line angle, the zero sequence line angle,

and the

Iφ

′ is the compensated phase current, (

0 factor. The angle is:

2 POSSEQANG

⋅

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0ZERSEQANG

⋅

) +

1•

The characteristic timer angle will be fixed at 90°. For the Zone 1 ground function, the operate and polarizing signals are:

Phase A:

Phase B:

Phase C:

′·RB1 –

′·RB1

′·RB1 –

′·RB1

′·RB1 –

′·RB1

where:

I I I K

A B C

′ = ( ′ = ( ′ = (

1 = |

) +

1·

) +

1| – (ZERSEQANG – POSSEQANG)

1·

1.2.5 LINE PROTECTION SCHEMES

The ALPS provides four zones of distance protection with overcurrent backup functions. The ALPS is a highly flexible system: along with predefined protection schemes, it also has the ability to be programmed by the user. The custom programmability of the ALPS is discussed in the next section.

The ALPS pilot protection schemes are as follows:

• Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip (PUTT)

• Permissiv e Overreach Transfer Trip (POTT1)

• Permissiv e Overreach Transf er Trip with blocking functions (POTT2)

•Blocking

•Hybrid

• Phase Identified Channel

In addition, each of the above schemes includes up to four zones of step distance backup with individual timers for phase and ground zones.

1-8 ALPS Advanced Line Protection System

GE Power Management

1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 1.3 CUSTOM PROGRAMMABILITY

WARNING

1.3 CUSTOM PROGRAMMABILITY 1.3.1 INTRODUCTION

The ALPS offers a high degree of custom programmability. Custom programming of the ALPS is accomplished using Xpression Builder. Xpression Builder is a Windows based program that allows the user to design programmable logic and make I/O (Input/Output) assignments for the ALPS and other GE Power Management relays. Xpression Builder is included with ALPS software suite on the GE Power Management CD. A complete description of Xpression Builder is included in Chapter 13: XPRESSION BUILDER.

1.3.2 PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC

In addition to the pre-programmed line protection schemes and configurable I/O, the ALPS relay includes the capability for the user to design c ustom lo gic. This l ogic may be use d to suppl ement or to repl ace the built-i n sche me lo gic. Th e program mable logic includes the following: up to 40 logic gates (AND, OR, NOT), each with up to 4 inputs; 8 programmable timers each with a settable pickup and dropout delay; 8 counters; and 8 latches.

1.3.3 CONFIGURABLE INPUTS

All of the contact converters (Digital Inputs) in the ALPS are user configurable. However, each ALPS relay is shipped with Default Contact Converter Assignments as shown below and on the default elementary diagrams on pages 1–49 to 1–52.

Each configurable input can be assigned only one flag – assigning more than one flag to a configurable input may cause maloperation!

Table 1–3: ALPS DEFAULT CONTACT CONVERTER ASSIGNMENTS: SINGLE PHASE MODEL

INPUT DESCRIPTION MNEMONIC INDEX # NOTE

CC1 RECEIVER #1 RCVR1 12 CC2 RECEIVER #2 RCVR2 13 (if used) CC3 EXTERNAL STOP CARRIER STCR 10 (Blocking Scheme Only) CC4 BLOCK PILOT TRIPPING BLPTRP 11 (Blocking Scheme Only) CC5 ENABLE THREE PHASE TRIPPING ETRP3P 7 CC6 REMOTE TARGET RESET RESET 20 CC7 BKR 1 52b PHASE A 52B_1A 1 CC8 BKR 1 52b PHASE B 52B_1B 2 CC9 BKR 1 52b PHASE C 52B_1C 3 CC10 BKR 2 52b PHASE A 52B_2A 4 CC11 BKR 2 52b PHASE B 52B_2B 5 CC12 BKR 2 52b PHASE C 52B_2C 6

Table 1–4: ALPS DEFAULT CONTACT CONVERTER ASSIGNMENTS: THREE PHASE MODEL

INPUT DESCRIPTION MNEMONIC INDEX # NOTE

CC1 RECEIVER #1 RCVR1 12 CC2 RECEIVER #2 RCVR2 13 (if used) CC3 EXTERNAL STOP CARRIER STCR 10 (Blocking Scheme Only) CC4 BLOCK PILOT TRIPPING BLPTRP 11 (Blocking Scheme Only) CC5 CC6 CC7 BKR 1 52B 52B_1 1 CC8 BKR 2 52B 52B_2 4

GE Power Management

ALPS Advanced Line Protection System 1-9

1.3 CUSTOM PROGRAMMABILITY 1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

1.3.4 CONFIGURABLE OUTPUTS

All of the output relays in t he AL PS, ex ce pt for the alarm output relays , are us er-c onf igu r abl e. Ho w ever, each ALPS re la y i s shipped with Default Output Relay Assignments. These are shown below and in Figure 1–28: ELEMENTARY DIAGRAM WITH DEFAULT I/O (THREE PHASE TRIPPING) on page 1–50 for the three phase model and Figure 1–27: ELEMENTARY DIAGRAM WITH DEFAULT I/O (SINGLE PHASE TRIPPING) on page 1–49 for the single phase model.

Table 1–5: ALPS DEFAULT OUTPUT CONTACT ASSIGNMENTS: SINGLE PHASE MODEL

RELAY DESCRIPTION MNEMONIC INDEX NO.

T1 TRIP BUS PHASE A TRIPA 33 T2 TRIP BUS PHASE A TRIPA 33 T3 TRIP BUS PHASE A TRIPA 33 T4 TRIP BUS PHASE A TRIPA 33 T5 TRIP BUS PHASE B TRIPB 34 T6 TRIP BUS PHASE C TRIPC 34 A1 M ANUAL CLOSE BREAKER 1 MNCLS1 58 A2 M ANUAL CLOSE BREAKER 2 MNCLS2 59 A3 TRIP BUS PHASE A TRIPA 33 A4 TRIP BUS PHASE A TRIPA 33 A5 THREE PHASE RECLOSE INITIATE RI-3P 37 A6 THREE PHASE RECLOSE INITIATE RI-3P 37 A7 RE CLOSE CANCEL OUTPUT FROM SCHEME LOGIC CANCL 38 A8 to A12 UNASSIGNED --- --KT1 KEY TRA N SMITTER 1 / CARRIER START #1 KEY1 39 KT2 KEY TRA NSMITTER 2 / CARRIER STOP #1 KEY2 4 0 KT3 KEY TRA N SMITTER 1 / CARRIER START #1 KEY1 39 KT4 KEY TRA N SMITTER 2 / CARRIER START #2 KEY2 40 C1 NON-CRITICAL ALARM NCALM 52 C2 PT FUSE FAILURE ALARM FF 115

Table 1–6: ALPS DEFAULT OUTPUT CONTACT ASSIGNMENTS: THREE PHASE MODEL

RELAY DESCRIPTION MNEMONIC INDEX NO.

T1 TRIP CIRCUIT #1 TRIPA 33 T2 TRIP CIRCUIT #2 TRIPA 33 T3 TRIP CIRCUIT #3 TRIPA 33 T4 TRIP CIRCUIT #4 TRIPA 33 A1 MANUAL CLOSE CIRCUIT BREAKER #1 MNCLS1 58 A2 MANUAL CLOSE CIRCUIT BREAKER #2 MNCLS2 59 A3 BREAKER FAILURE INITIATE #1 TRIP A 33 A4 BREAKER FAILURE INITIATE #2 TRIP A 33 A5 RECLOSE INITIATE #1 RI_3P 37 A6 RECL OSE INITIATE #2 R1_3P 37 A7 RECLOSE CANCEL CANCL 38 A8 RECLOSE CANCEL CANCL 38 KT1 KEY TRA N SMITTER 1 / CARRIER START #1 KEY1 39 KT2 KEY TRA NSMITTER 2 / CARRIER STOP #1 KEY2 4 0 KT3 KEY TRA N SMITTER 1 / CARRIER START #1 KEY1 39 KT4 KEY TRA N SMITTER 2 / CARRIER START #2 KEY2 40 C1 NON-CRITICAL ALARM NCALM 52 C2 PT FUSE FAILURE ALARM FF 115

1-10 ALPS Advanced Line Protection System

GE Power Management

1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 1.4 AUXILIARY PROTECTION FUNCTIONS

1.4 AUXILIARY PROTECTION FUNCTIONS 1.4.1 POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER FUSE FAILURE (PTFF)

Because a distance o r di rectio nal fun ction ma y o perate fo r a full or parti al los s of AC po tentia l caus ed by one or m ore blo wn fuses, PTFF is provided to block distance and directional function tripping when a fuse failure is detected. If the backup overcurrent functions 50, 50G, and 51G are not directionally controlled, they are allowed to trip during a potential fuse failure condition. If any of the backup, overcurrent functions, 50, 50G or 51G, is directionally supervised, then that function is not allowed to trip. Rather, a second overcurrent function, 50_FF, 50G_FF, or 51G_FF is placed in service during the fuse failure condition. The pickup level setting of these functions is independent from the normal pickup setting. The PTFF functional logic is shown below.

If AC potential is los t o n one or more phases, th e An y Phase Under Voltage signal pro duc es a lo gic 1 out put, and the upper input is present at AND1. The phase undervoltage pickup setting is fixed at 75% of nominal and the pickup-to-dropout ratio is virtually 100%. Th e lower in put to AND1 is d epende nt upon wheth er the fa ult dete ctor FD ha s opera ted or whethe r one or more phases of the protected line are de-energized (open). When one or more phases of protected line are open, PTFF is disabled.

PHASE

VOLTAGE

DETECTOR

CURRENT

DETECTOR

FAULT

DETECTOR

PHASE

VOLTAGE

DETECTOR

CURRENT

DETECTOR

PHASE

VOLTAGE

DETECTOR

IB-A

IB-B

SINGLE PHASE TRIPPING MODELS:

TL1

PTFF

CURRENT

DETECTOR

IB-C

THREE PHASE TRIPPING MODELS:

TL1

PTFF

PTFF3.VSD

VOLTAGE

DETECTOR

CURRENT

DETECTOR

FAULT

DETECTOR

ANY PHASE

OPEN

Figure 1–3: POTENTIAL FUSE FAILURE LOGIC DIAGRAMS

If AC potential is lost for any reason, including a blown fuse or fuses, and there is no disturbance on the power system that operates the fault detector, the AND1 output causes timer TL1 to time out and produce a PTFF output via OR2. The output of OR2 is route d t o AND2 to seal-in the P TF F o utp ut, ba sed on the Any Phas e Unde r Voltage signal, s o that PTFF output is maintained as long as th e pote ntial is below normal. Setti ng 714: FUSEFAIL determines whether PTFF operation blocks distance/directiona l tr ipping (FUSEFAIL = YES) or merely is sues an eve nt (FUSEFAIL = NO). When t he pote ntial r eturns to normal, the Any Phase Under Voltage signal resets to remove the seal-in, allowing the PTFF output to reset.

When a fault occurs, with an atte ndant d rop i n poten tial, th e Any Pha se Unde r Voltage signa l pick s up, but t he fa ult det ector operates to prevent an output from AND1. PTFF does not operate on fault conditions.

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ALPS Advanced Line Protection System 1-11

1.4 AUXILIARY PROTECTION FUNCTIONS 1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

1.4.2 LINE PICKUP

a) THREE PHASE TRIPPING

The Line Pickup (close-onto-fault) logic provides tripping in the event that the breaker is closed into a zero-voltage bolted fault, such as occurs if the grounding chains were left on the line following maintenance. For this three phase zero voltage fault, the Mho distance functions can not operate because they do not have a source of polarizing voltage. The logic is shown below:

OVERREACHING PHASE OR

GROUND DISTANCE

I1 CURRENT

DETECTOR

ALL PHASES OPEN

ALL PHASE VOLTAGES

HIGH

MTG

TL402

401

TL401

150

FAST

RESET

402

TIMER

BYPASS

TL403

403

401

LINE PICKUP

TRIP

Figure 1–4: LINE PICKUP LOGIC DIAGRAM (THREE PHASE TRIPPING)

When the line is de-energized, the open breaker is detected by the All phases Open signal as shown in the above logic. The resulting output causes timer TL401 to pickup 150 ms later. Consequently, when the line is energized and a fault current higher than the setting of I1 exists, current detector I1 picks up and AND402 produces an output. If the Timer Bypass setting is set to YES, AND403 im medi ate ly prod uc es an o utp ut t o in itiate trip pin g of the bre ake r. If the Timer Bypass setting is set to NO, then tripping occurs after the 45 ms pickup delay of timer TL403. Line Pickup is primarily intended to trip for closing into zero-voltage bolted faults where the distance functions connected to line-side potential will not operate. However, regardless of the I1 pickup setting, it can also be used to trip on any type of permanent fault along the entire line length that produces voltage at the relay location that is sufficient to operate a Zone 2 distance function, but not enough to pickup the All Phase Voltages High s ignal . This i s acco mpli shed by routin g Zone 2 p hase-d istan ce or ground -distan ce function outputs to AND401. The step distance backup timers are bypassed by the Line Pickup logic.

If the line is energized and no fault exists, the all Phase Voltages High signal picks up and timer TL401 will begin timing; 40 ms later the output of TL402 resets timer TL401 via the fast reset input. AND401 and AND402 have their lower input removed at that time to take the three phase Line Pickup out of service.

Timer TL403 is provided for those cases where simultaneous high-speed reclosing is employed at both ends of the line, and where the I1 function must be set to pick up below the maximum load current that can occur at that time. TL403 then allows time for the voltage to return to normal and take Line Pickup out of service before it can trip on load current. If simultaneous high-speed reclosing is not used, timer TL403 can be permanently bypassed.

b) SINGLE PHASE TRIPPING

Logic is included to provide high speed tripping when a single phase reclose onto a permanent fault occurs. When a phase of the circuit breaker is open, the associated timer (TL404, TL405, and TL406) picks up to provide one input to an AND gate (AND404, AND405, or AND406). This AND gate allows the associated Zone 2 ground distance function to trip without time delay, and without receiving a permissive channel signal from the remote terminal. The single phase line pickup logic will be blocked 90 ms after the breaker pole has been closed by the dropout of the timer.

1-12 ALPS Advanced Line Protection System

GE Power Management

1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 1.4 AUXILIARY PROTECTION FUNCTIONS

OVERREACHING PHASE OR

GROUND DISTANCE

I1 CURRENT

DETECTOR

ALL PHASES OPEN

ALL PHASE VOLTAGES

HIGH

PHASE A

OPEN

PHASE B

OPEN

PHASE C

OPEN

Figure 1–5: LINE PICKUP LOGIC DIAGRAM (SINGLE PHASE TRIPPING)

MTG

TL404

150

TL405

150

TL406

TL402

MTG A

MTG B

MTG C

401

TL401

150

FAST

RESET

404

405

406

402

TIMER

BYPASS

402

TL403

403

401

LINE PICKUP

TRIP

1.4.3 REMOTE-OPEN DETECTOR

The Remote-Open Detector (ROD) function issues a trip signal when the remote breaker opens during an unbalanced internal fault. This function detects that the remote breaker has opened by recognizing charging current on one or more phases following opening of the remote breaker. As shown in the functional logic diagram of Figure 1–6: REMOTE-OPEN DETECTOR LOGIC (ROD), the ROD output trips via OR2, AND1, OR2, AND2, OR3, and AND4. The Remote-Open Detector will not operate when a balanced three-phase fault is present.

ROD speeds up tri pp ing at the end of the line tha t o therwise would be th e s lo west to respond in a seq ue ntia l-tri pp ing c ond ition. In a Step Distance scheme, ROD tripping is beneficial for any unbalanced internal fault not detected by Zone 1. In a Blocking scheme, ROD tripping is beneficial where system conditions are such that the fault current redistribution following breaker opening at one end is normally required before the other end(s) operates. The ROD function should not be considered as a replacement or substitute for pilot schemes.

Figure 1–6: REMOTE-OPEN DETECTOR LOGIC (ROD) is a functional logic diagram of the ROD function. The sequence of events that results in an ROD output is as follows:

1. No charging current is detected prior to the fault – logic 0 output from AND2.

2. A fault is detected – logic 1 output from OR3.

3. The remote breaker opens – logic 1 output from AND3.

4. The fault is still present, so the two inputs to AND4 persist for the time-delay setting of timer TL20. If charging current is initially detected but the fault detector (FD) is not picked up, indicating no fault on the power system,

then OR1 and AND1 produce outputs. AND2 produces an output and seals-in on the output of OR1 via OR2. AND3 is now blocked from pro duc in g a n outp ut as lo ng as charging current is dete cte d, regardless of whethe r FD is picked up or not. If a subsequent fault occurs and the remote breaker opens, ROD is prevented from producing an output.

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ALPS Advanced Line Protection System 1-13

1.4 AUXILIARY PROTECTION FUNCTIONS 1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

IA LEADS

VA BY 90°

IB LEADS

VB BY 90°

IC LEADS

VC BY 90°

FAULT

DETECTOR

ANY ZONE2

PHASE-DISTANCE

FUNCTION

ANY ZONE2

GROUND-DISTANCE

FUNCTION

TL20

A = 10 - 100

TRIP

RemoteOpen.vsd

Figure 1–6: REMOTE-OPEN DETECTOR LOGIC (ROD)

If sufficient load current is flowing prior to the fault there is no output from OR1, indicating that no charging current is detected, and AND3 is not blocked, since there is no output from AND2. If an unbalanced fault subsequently occurs, FD blocks AND1 to prevent an AND2 output. AND3 is allowed to produce an output when the remote breaker opens, provided there is sufficient charging current to operate one or more of the three charging-current-detectors that are the inputs to OR1. The capacitive cha rging cu rrent must be 60 mA or mo re (se condary ph ase cur rent) to assure operatio n of ROD. If the fault is still present as indicated by an output from OR3, an ROD trip follows the expiration of the TL20 security time delay.

1.4.4 OUT-OF-STEP BLOCKING

Figures 1–7: OSB R-X DIAGRAM and 1–8: OSB LO GIC D IAGRAMS rep resent the funct ional l ogic di agrams for out-of -step blocking and an R-X diagram depicting an assumed swing-impedance locus superimposed on the associated distance relay characteristics. For an out-of-step condition, the impedance locus will first enter the MOB characteristic, then later enter the MT (phase-distance trip function) characteristic.

When MOB (A-B) picks up durin g the power s wing , it applies the middle input to AND 20 1. The top i npu t is p res ent fro m th e NOT via OR202, since MT (A-B) has not operated yet. The bottom NOT input of AND202 is satisfied, since it is assumed that no phase is open, and the AND202 output energizes timer TL1.

If the impedance stays between the MOB and MT characteristics for the pickup time of TL1, an OSB output results. The OSB output is routed back to the top input of AND202 via OR202 to seal-in the OSB output for as long as MOB is picked up. The OSB output resets 50 ms after the swing-impedance locus leaves the MOB characteristic. The same logic is repeated for the distance functions associated with phase pairs B-C and C-A. OSB can be selected to block tripping of:

1. All functions (Protection Setting 1603: BLOCKWHAT = BLKALL)

2. All distance functions (Protection Setting 1603: BLOCKWHAT = BLKDIST)

3. Only the phase distance functions (Protection Setting 1603: BLOCKWHAT = BLKPHAS)

4. No functions (Protection Setting 1603: BLOCKWHAT = BLKNONE)

For selections 2 an d 3, each of the fou r distan ce zones (Zone 1, 2 , 3, or 4) ma y be ind ividu ally s elect ed to be bl ocke d or not via Protection Settings 1604 through 1607 (BLOCKZ1, BLOCKZ2, BLOCKZ3, and BLOCKZ4).

Timer TL1 has an adaptive pickup feature with an initial pickup setting of 30 ms for the first slip cycle; the pickup delay becomes progressively lower during successive slip cycles. This improves the capability to maintain the out-of-step output during the increasing slip frequencies typically encountered after the first slip cycle.

1-14 ALPS Advanced Line Protection System

GE Power Management

1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 1.4 AUXILIARY PROTECTION FUNCTIONS

SWING IMPEDANCE

LOCUS

ALPS WITH THREE-PHASE TRIPPING:

OSB3P.VSD

ANY COORDINATING ZONE

(PHASE OR GROUND)

ANY MOB

ALPS WITH SINGLE-PHASE TRIPPING:

MT (ZONE 2 / 3 / 4)

Figure 1–7: OSB R-X DIAGRAM

202

MOB

OSBRXDiag.CDR

TL1

30 ms. INITIAL PICKUP TIME

ADAPTIVE AFTER FIRST SLIP CYCLE

OSB

PHASE A

OPEN

PHASE B

OPEN

PHASE C

OPEN

204

205

206

A - B

MOB

A - B

B - C

MOB B - C

C - A

MOB C - A

201

202

203

Figure 1–8: OSB LOGIC DIAGRAMS

TL1

207

* 30 ms. INITIAL PICKUP TIME

ADAPTIVE AFTER FIRST SLIP CYCLE

OSB1P.VSD

OSB

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ALPS Advanced Line Protection System 1-15

1.5 OTHER FEATURES 1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

1.5 OTHER FEATURES 1.5.1 FLASH MEMORY

The program code resides in Flash memory rather than EPROM. This new technology provides the same functionality during normal operations of the relay. The advantage to the Flash Memory is it can be changed for software upgrades without opening the relay. The contents can be overwritten through the communications ports already provided in the relay. The ability to change the cont ents requires special sof tw are an d do es no t come with any of the standa rd co mm uni ca tio ns pack ages available for the ALPS.

1.5.2 LINE OVERLOAD

The Line Overloa d fu nct ion pro vid es an event and a programmabl e s ig nal . Thi s signal can be used to p rov ide al arm ind ic ation (contact closure) that the load current on the protected line has exceeded a set level for a set time interval. Two alarm levels are included. Level 1 is generally set with a lower pickup setting and a longer time delay than level 2.

1.5.3 CURRENT UNBALANCE DETECTION

If the Fault Detector remains picked up for 60 seconds, a non-critical alarm is issued and an event message generated. This function indicates sustained unbalanced current conditions such as a shorted or open current transformer.

1.5.4 FAULT LOCATION

A separate algorithm provides fault-loca tio n in form ati on , whi ch is pres en ted as mi les, kilometers, or perce nt of l ine from th e relay location to the faul t. Th e d is tanc e t o th e fault is based on a li ne l eng th p rov ide d by the user as a setting. Fault location output is displayed on the front panel liquid crystal display as part of the target information following a relay trip, and it is also contained in the Fault Report described below.

1.5.5 FAULT REPORT

When a fault or oscillography trigger occurs, pertinent information, consisting of unit ID, date and time, operating time, prefault currents, fault currents and voltages, fault type, trip type, distance to fault, and selected events, is stored in memory. The number of fault ev ents that are stored is selectable by the user. A relay with sta nda rd m em ory op tio n m ay be s et for: 2, 4, 8, or 12 fault reports. A relay with extended memory option may be set for 6, 12, 24, or 36 fault reports. Each fault report is associated with an oscillography data file. See Section 8.2.3: REQUEST FAULT INFORMATION on page 8–17 for obtaining a fault report through the local user interface and Section 11.6: INFORMATION on page 11–14 for fault reports using ALPS-Link.

1.5.6 OSCILLOGRAPHY

Oscillography data are stored in memory each time the ALPS issues a trip and, optionally when an internal oscillography trigger flag is set or an external contact is closed. Protection Setting 2026: CONFOSC, allows a configurable oscillography trigger to be assigned by Xpression Builder. Note that OSC Trigger stores oscillography data, but does not necessarily set t = 0, the time sample that delineates between prefault and postfault oscillography cycles. The term defined as the numbe r of cy cl es of o sc il log raph y d ata (prefault plus postfault) as de term in ed by General Setting 301: NUM- FAULTS. If the internal Fault Detector, FD, comes up initially and OSC Trigger follows within the disturbance period, oscillography data are stored whether or not the ALPS issues a trip.

If the ALPS issues a trip, then a normal fault report is stored as part of the oscillography data. If the ALPS does not issue a trip, a pseudofault report is created. The trip type is listed as OSC, the trip time is set to when the OSC Trigger occurred, the operating time is set to zero, and the fault type and location are computed, based on post-OSC Trigger data. The local LCD display does not show target information, but an event message and fault report are stored in memory. In either case above, t = 0 is determined by the internal Fault Detector (FD).

If OSC Trigger comes up initially and FD follows within the disturbance period, the same actions occur and FD determines t = 0. If only OSC Trigger occurs, then a pseudofault report is created and OSC Trigger determines t = 0. This arrangement assures that the oscillography function always captures an ALPS trip, with FD determining t = 0, regardless of whether an optional internal or external trigger is used.

disturbance period

1-16 ALPS Advanced Line Protection System

GE Power Management

1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 1.5 OTHER FEATURES

Oscillography data include station and line identification, a complete list of the active relay settings, the fault report, internal flags, and a selectable number of prefault and postfault data samples. Further information on reading oscillography with ALPS-Link is found in Section 11.6.5: OSCILLOGRAPHY REPORT on page 11–15. The ALPS does not store flags for functions that are disabled. For example, if Protection Setting 104: Z1GROUND = NO and a Z1 ground fault is applied, the Zone 1 ground flag will not operate or be stored.

1.5.7 PLAYBACK

The ALPS has the ability to replay stored digital current and voltage signals from oscillography files through the protection algorithms. The currents and voltages may be obtained from a factory stored file, from any oscillography file currently stored in the relay, or from an oscillography file stored on a PC. See Section 8.1.20: PLAYBACK on page 8–13 for a complete description of the Playback feature.

1.5.8 SEQUENCE OF EVENTS

This function time tags and stores the last 150 events in memory. The resolution of the time-tagging is 1 millisecond. The event list contains power system events, operator actions, and self-test alarms. The sequence of events can be accessed remotely via the front panel port, PL-1 or PL-2, and a PC. A full event list contained in Section 8.2.7: EVENT INFORMATION on page 8–19.

1.5.9 EQUIPMENT DUTY

When the ALPS is applied with a single breaker, it incorporates the ability to monitor the number of breaker operations and the breaker duty. Alarm levels can be set for both the total number of breaker operations and the total equipment duty. See Section 2.2.4: EQUIPMENT DUTY on page 2–6 for a complete description of the Equipment Duty feature.

1.5.10 SELECTABLE GROUPS OF SETTINGS

Four separate groups of protection settings may be stored in nonvolatile memory. Only one group can be active at a given time, but the active group may be selected by external contacts, by a command issued from the local keypad, or remote communication software. If the selection is to be made by an external switch, then two of the digital inputs (contact converters) are used for this purpose. A four position SB1 or SBM switch with two stages (two effective contacts) could be used to select the active group of settings, as shown Figure 1–9: SWITCH SELECTION OF ACTIVE SETTING GROUP below.

For this example, CC5 has been assigned to “CGST2” (Change Setting Group Input, Bit 1) and CC6 has been assigned to “CGST1” (Change Setting Group Input, Bit 0). Other contact converters may be assigned

NOTE

to these functions.

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ALPS Advanced Line Protection System 1-17

1.5 OTHER FEATURES 1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

Figure 1–9: SWITCH SELECTION OF ACTIVE SETTING GROUP

1.5.11 TIME SYNCHRONIZATION

The ALPS includes a clock that can run freely from the internal oscillator or be synchronized from an external signal. An unmodulated IRIG-B signal connected to the IRIG-B terminals, located on terminal block “D” on the rear panel, may be used to synchronize the clock. The clock in a given ALPS is synchronized to within ±1 ms of any other ALPS clock, if the two relays are wired to the same synchronizing signal.

1.5.12 TRIP BUS CHECK

After a settings change is made in the active settings group, the ALPS automatically returns to its normal protection-on mode following storage of the new setting values in nonvolatile memory.

A Trip Bus Check to determine that the changed settings have not caused any of the trip functions to operate for system conditions (that is, current and voltage at the relay) at that instant. A Trip Bus Check also occurs before a newly selected settings group is allowe d to become the active settings group. If Trip Bus Check finds a pi cked-up trip function , protect ion is turned off and a critical alarm is issued.

This check provides a degree of confidence in the new settings, but it does not guarantee that one or more trip functions might not operate as system co nd itio ns chan ge. For example, a subsequent increase in load current might cause the Zone 3 phase-distance function to operate, even though it did not operate at the instant the Trip Bus Check was made.

1.5.13 TRIP CIRCUIT MONITOR

Within the ALPS relay system the DC battery voltage across each of the open trip contacts (or SCRs) may be continuously monitored to determine if the associated trip circuit is intact. If the monitored DC voltage drops to zero, then the trip circuit has failed to op en, or the bre ak er 5 2/a contact, which is no rma ll y wi red in series with the trip c oil , h as op ene d. This function is intended to replace the red light indicator typically used for trip-circuit monitoring, and it can be selectively disabled for each breaker.

1-18 ALPS Advanced Line Protection System

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+ 336 hidden pages

GE ALPS Instruction Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PTFF

LINE PICKUP