GCodeTutor Machinists Handbook

GCodeTutor.com

Machinists Handbook

GCodeTutor.com

Content

Conversion

• Calculations

• 1/64” to 1”

• 1 1/64” to 2”

• 2 1/64” to 3”

Screw Thread Charts

• Metric Coarse Thread

• Metric Fine Thread

• BSW British Standard Whitworth Thread

• BSF British Standard Fine Thread

• BA British Association Screw Thread

• BSPP British Standard Pipe parallel

• BSPT British Standard pipe Taper

• UNC Unied Coarse Thread

• UNF Unied Fine Thread

• UNEF Unied Extra Fine Thread

• Reamer Drill Size

Abbreviations
CNC Programming Reference

• G Code

• M Code

• Auxiliary Commands

G Code Canned Cycles - Turning

• G70 Finishing

• G71 Roughing

• G72 Facing

• G73 Pattern Repeating

• G74 Peck Drilling

• G75 Peck Grooving

• G76 Screw Cutting Single Line

• G76 Screw Cutting Double Line

• G83 Z-axis Peck Drilling

• G84 Z-axis Tapping

• G87 X-axis Peck Drilling

• G88 X-axis Tapping

G Code Canned Cycles - Milling

• G81 Drilling

• G82 Counter bore

• G83 Peck Drilling

• G84 Tapping

• G85 Bore in / Bore out

• G86 Bore in / Rapid out

Calculations

• Speeds and Feeds

• Tapping Drill

• Trigonometry

Trigonometry Charts
Tool Geometry

• RH Knife Tool

• Drill

• Centre Drill

• End Mill

• Morse Taper

Afterword

Machinists Handbook

GCodeTutor.com

Conversion Charts

Machinists Handbook

Kilometers (km)

Kilometers (km)

Centimeters (cm)

Millimeters (mm)

Kilometers (km)

Kilogram (kg)

Kilogram (kg)

Milligrams (mg)

Fahrenheit (F) (Temperature (F) – 32)*5/9 Celsius (C)

Conversion Calculations

Length

x

Miles (mi)

Feet (ft)

Meters (m)

Feet (ft)

Inches (in)

Inches (in)

Meters (m)

Inches (in)

Meters (m)

Yards (yd)

Yards (yd)

Liters (l)

Quarts (qt)

Liters (l)

Gallons (gal)

Milliliters (ml)

Cups (c)

Milliliters (ml)

Ounces (oz)

Tons (ton)

Pounds (lb)

Grams (g)

Ounces (oz)

Grams (g)

Pounds (lb)

Ounces (oz)

Celsius (C) (Temperature (C)*9/5) + 32 Fahrenheit (F)

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

0.62

1.61

3280.8

0.0003048

3.28

0.3

0.39

2.54

0.039

25.4

39.37

0.0254

1.09361

0.91

1093.61

0.00091

Volume

1.057

0.95

0.264

3.785

0.0042

236.6

0.0338

29.57

Mass

0.0011

907.18

2.2046

0.454

0.035

28.35

0.002205

453.592

0.000035

28350

Temperature

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

Miles (mi)

Kilometers (km)

Feet (ft)

Kilometers (km)

Feet (ft)

Meters (m)

Inches (in)

Centimeters (cm)

Inches (in)

Millimeters (mm)

Inches (in)

Meters (m)

Yards (yd)

Meters (m)

Yards (yd)

Kilometers (km)

Quarts (qt)

Liters (l)

Gallons (gal)

Liters (l)

Cups (c)

Milliliters (ml)

Ounces (oz)

Milliliters (ml)

Tons (ton)

Kilograms (kg)

Pounds (lb)

Kilograms (kg)

Ounces (oz)

Grams (g)

Pounds (lb)

Grams (g)

Ounces (oz)

Milligrams (mg)

GCodeTutor.com

Machinists Handbook

GCodeTutor.com

Measurement Conversion Charts

Fraction Decimal mm

. 0.0039 0.1

. 0.0079 0.2

. 0.0118 0.3

1/64 0.0156 0.3969

. 0.0157 0.4

. 0.0197 0.5

. 0.0236 0.6

. 0.0276 0.7

1/32 0.0313 0.7938

. 0.0315 0.8

. 0.0354 0.9

. 0.0394 1

. 0.0433 1.1

3/64 0.0469 1.1906

. 0.0472 1.2

. 0.0512 1.3

. 0.0551 1.4

. 0.0591 1.5

1/16 0.0625 1.5875

. 0.063 1.6

. 0.0669 1.7

. 0.0709 1.8

. 0.0748 1.9

5/64 0.0781 1.9844

. 0.0787 2

. 0.0827 2.1

. 0.0866 2.2

. 0.0906 2.3

3/32 0.0938 2.3813

. 0.0945 2.4

. 0.0984 2.5

7/64 0.1094 2.7781

. 0.1181 3

1/8 0.125 3.175

. 0.1378 3.5

9/64 0.1406 3.5719

5/32 0.1563 3.9688

. 0.1575 4

11/64 0.1719 4.3656

. 0.1772 4.5

3/16 0.1875 4.7625

. 0.1969 5

13/64 0.2031 5.1594

. 0.2165 5.5

7/32 0.2188 5.5563

Fraction Decimal mm

15/64 0.2344 5.9531

. 0.2362 6

1/4 0.25 6.35

. 0.2559 6.5

17/64 0.2656 6.7469

. 0.2756 7

9/32 0.2813 7.1438

. 0.2953 7.5

19/64 0.2969 7.5406

5/16 0.3125 7.9375

. 0.315 8

21/64 0.3281 8.3344

. 0.3346 8.5

11/32 0.3438 8.7313

. 0.3543 9

23/64 0.3594 9.1281

. 0.374 9.5

3/8 0.375 9.525

25/64 0.3906 9.9219

. 0.3937 10

13/32 0.4063 10.3188

. 0.4134 10.5

27/64 0.4219 10.7156

. 0.4331 11

7/16 0.4375 11.1125

. 0.4528 11.5

29/64 0.4531 11.5094

15/32 0.4688 11.9063

. 0.4724 12

31/64 0.4844 12.3031

. 0.4921 12.5

1/2 0.5 12.7

. 0.5118 13

33/64 0.5156 13.0969

17/32 0.5313 13.4938

. 0.5315 13.5

35/64 0.5469 13.8906

. 0.5512 14

9/16 0.5625 14.2875

. 0.5709 14.5

37/64 0.5781 14.6844

. 0.5906 15

19/32 0.5938 15.0813

39/64 0.6094 15.4781

. 0.6102 15.5

Fraction Decimal mm

5/8 0.625 15.875

. 0.6299 16

41/64 0.6406 16.2719

. 0.6496 16.5

21/32 0.6563 16.6688

. 0.6693 17

43/64 0.6719 17.0656

11/16 0.6875 17.4625

. 0.689 17.5

45/64 0.7031 17.8594

. 0.7087 18

23/32 0.7188 18.2563

. 0.7283 18.5

47/64 0.7344 18.6531

. 0.748 19

3/4 0.75 19.05

49/64 0.7656 19.4469

. 0.7677 19.5

25/32 0.7813 19.8438

. 0.7874 20

51/64 0.7969 20.2406

. 0.8071 20.5

13/16 0.8125 20.6375

. 0.8268 21

53/64 0.8281 21.0344

27/32 0.8438 21.4313

. 0.8465 21.5

55/64 0.8594 21.8281

. 0.8661 22

7/8 0.875 22.225

. 0.8858 22.5

57/64 0.8906 22.6219

. 0.9055 23

29/32 0.9063 23.0188

59/64 0.9219 23.4156

. 0.9252 23.5

15/16 0.9375 23.8125

. 0.9449 24

61/64 0.9531 24.2094

. 0.9646 24.5

31/32 0.9688 24.6063

. 0.9843 25

63/64 0.9844 25.0031

1 1 25.4

Machinists Handbook

Measurement Conversion Chart

Measurement Conversion Chart

GCodeTutor.com

Measurement Conversion Charts

Fraction Decimal mm

1 1/64 1.0156 25.7969

1 1/32 1.0313 26.1938

1 3/64 1.0469 26.5906

1 1/16 1.0625 26.9875

1 5/64 1.0781 27.3844

1 3/32 1.0938 27.7813

1 7/64 1.1094 28.1781

1 1/8 1.125 28.575

1 9/64 1.1406 28.9719

1 5/32 1.1563 29.3688

1 11/64 1.1719 29.7656

1 3/16 1.1875 30.1625

1 13/64 1.2031 30.5594

1 7/32 1.2188 30.9563

1 15/64 1.2344 31.3531

1 1/4 1.25 31.75

1 17/64 1.2656 32.1469

1 9/32 1.2813 32.5438

1 19/64 1.2969 32.9406

1 5/16 1.3125 33.3375

1 21/64 1.3281 33.7344

1 11/32 1.3438 34.1313

1 23/64 1.3594 34.5281

1 3/8 1.375 34.925

1 25/64 1.3906 35.3219

1 13/32 1.4063 35.7188

1 27/64 1.4219 36.1156

1 7/16 1.4375 36.5125

1 29/64 1.4531 36.9094

1 15/32 1.4688 37.3063

1 31/64 1.4844 37.7031

1 1/2 1.5 38.1

1 33/64 1.5156 38.4969

1 17/32 1.5313 38.8938

1 35/64 1.5469 39.2906

1 9/16 1.5625 39.6875

Fraction Decimal mm

1 37/64 1.5781 40.0844

1 19/32 1.5938 40.4813

1 39/64 1.6094 40.8781

1 5/8 1.625 41.275

1 41/64 1.6406 41.6719

1 21/32 1.6563 42.0688

1 43/64 1.6719 42.4656

1 11/16 1.6875 42.8625

1 45/64 1.7031 43.2594

1 23/32 1.7188 43.6563

1 47/64 1.7344 44.0531

1 3/4 1.75 44.45

1 49/64 1.7656 44.8469

1 25/32 1.7813 45.2438

1 51/64 1.7969 45.6406

1 13/16 1.8125 46.0375

1 53/64 1.8281 46.4344

1 27/32 1.8438 46.8313

1 55/64 1.8594 47.2281

1 7/8 1.875 47.625

1 57/64 1.8906 48.0219

1 29/32 1.9063 48.4188

1 59/64 1.9219 48.8156

1 15/16 1.9375 49.2125

1 61/64 1.9531 49.6094

1 31/32 1.9688 50.0063

1 63/64 1.9844 50.4031

2 2 50.8

Machinists Handbook

Measurement Conversion Chart

Measurement Conversion Chart

GCodeTutor.com

Measurement Conversion Charts

Fraction Decimal mm

2 1/64 2.0156 51.1969

2 1/32 2.0313 51.5938

2 3/64 2.0469 51.9906

2 1/16 2.0625 52.3875

2 5/64 2.0781 52.7844

2 3/32 2.0938 53.1813

2 7/64 2.1094 53.5781

2 1/8 2.125 53.975

2 9/64 2.1406 54.3719

2 5/32 2.1563 54.7688

2 11/64 2.1719 55.1656

2 3/16 2.1875 55.5625

2 13/64 2.2031 55.9594

2 7/32 2.2188 56.3563

2 15/64 2.2344 56.7531

2 1/4 2.25 57.15

2 17/64 2.2656 57.5469

2 9/32 2.2813 57.9438

2 19/64 2.2969 58.3406

2 5/16 2.3125 58.7375

2 21/64 2.3281 59.1344

2 11/32 2.3438 59.5313

2 23/64 2.3594 59.9281

2 3/8 2.375 60.325

2 25/64 2.3906 60.7219

2 13/32 2.4063 61.1188

2 27/64 2.4219 61.5156

2 7/16 2.4375 61.9125

2 29/64 2.4531 62.3094

2 15/32 2.4688 62.7063

2 31/64 2.4844 63.1031

2 1/2 2.5 63.5

2 33/64 2.5156 63.8969

2 17/32 2.5313 64.2938

2 35/64 2.5469 64.6906

2 9/16 2.5625 65.0875

Fraction Decimal mm

2 37/64 2.5781 65.4844

2 19/32 2.5938 65.8813

2 39/64 2.6094 66.2781

2 5/8 2.625 66.675

2 41/64 2.6406 67.0719

2 21/32 2.6563 67.4688

2 43/64 2.6719 67.8656

2 11/16 2.6875 68.2625

2 45/64 2.7031 68.6594

2 23/32 2.7188 69.0563

2 47/64 2.7344 69.4531

2 3/4 2.75 69.85

2 49/64 2.7656 70.2469

2 25/32 2.7813 70.6438

2 51/64 2.7969 71.0406

2 13/16 2.8125 71.4375

2 53/64 2.8281 71.8344

2 27/32 2.8438 72.2313

2 55/64 2.8594 72.6281

2 7/8 2.875 73.025

2 57/64 2.8906 73.4219

2 29/32 2.9063 73.8188

2 59/64 2.9219 74.2156

2 15/16 2.9375 74.6125

2 61/64 2.9531 75.0094

2 31/32 2.9688 75.4063

2 63/64 2.9844 75.8031

3 3 76.2

Machinists Handbook

Screw Thread Charts

GCodeTutor.com

Machinists Handbook

Metric Coarse Thread Chart

Nominal

Size

ISO

Minor

Diameter

Major

Diameter

Thread

Height

Pitch

Pitch

Diameter

Tap Drill
Diameter

1 0.693 1 0.153 0.25 0.838 0.75

1.1 0.793 1.1 0.153 0.25 0.938 0.85

1.2 0.893 1.2 0.153 0.25 1.038 0.95

1.4 1.032 1.4 0.184 0.3 1.205 1.1

1.6 1.171 1.6 0.215 0.35 1.373 1.25

1.8 1.371 1.8 0.215 0.35 1.573 1.45

2 1.509 2 0.245 0.4 1.74 1.6

2.2 1.648 2.2 0.276 0.45 1.908 1.75

2.5 1.948 2.5 0.276 0.45 2.208 2.05

3 2.387 3 0.307 0.5 2.675 2.5

3.5 2.764 3.5 0.368 0.6 3.11 2.9

4 3.141 4 0.429 0.7 3.545 3.3

4.5 3.58 4.5 0.46 0.75 4.013 3.8

5 4.019 5 0.491 0.8 4.48 4.2

6 4.773 6 0.613 1 5.35 5

7 5.773 7 0.613 1 6.35 6

8 6.466 8 0.767 1.25 7.188 6.8

9 7.466 9 0.767 1.25 8.188 7.8

10 8.16 10 0.92 1.5 9.026 8.5

11 9.16 11 0.92 1.5 10.026 9.5

12 9.853 12 1.074 1.75 10.863 10.2

14 11.546 14 1.227 2 12.701 12

16 13.546 16 1.227 2 14.701 14

18 14.933 18 1.534 2.5 16.376 15.5

20 16.933 20 1.534 2.5 18.376 17.5

22 18.933 22 1.534 2.5 20.376 19.5

24 20.319 24 1.84 3 22.051 21

27 23.319 27 1.84 3 25.051 24

30 25.706 30 2.147 3.5 27.727 26.5

33 28.706 33 2.147 3.5 30.727 29.5

36 31.093 36 2.454 4 33.402 32

39 34.093 39 2.454 4 36.402 35

42 36.479 42 2.76 4.5 39.077 37.5

45 39.479 45 2.76 4.5 42.077 40.5

48 41.866 48 3.067 5 44.752 43

52 45.866 52 3.067 5 48.752 47

56 49.252 56 3.374 5.5 52.428 50.5

60 53.252 60 3.374 5.5 56.428 54.5

64 56.639 64 3.681 6 60.103 58

68 60.639 68 3.681 6 64.103 62

Dimensions in mm unless otherwise stated

GCodeTutor.com

Metric Coarse Thread Chart

Machinists Handbook

Metric Fine Thread Chart

Nominal

Size

ISO

Minor

Diameter

Major

Diameter

Thread

Height

Pitch

Pitch

Diameter

Tap Drill
Diameter

22 20.773 22 0.613 1 21.35 21

22 20.16 22 0.92 1.5 21.026 20.5

22 19.546 22 1.227 2 20.701 20

24 22.773 24 0.613 1 23.35 23

24 22.16 24 0.92 1.5 23.026 22.5

24 21.546 24 1.227 2 22.701 22

25 23.773 25 0.613 1 24.35 24

25 23.16 25 0.92 1.5 24.026 23.5

25 22.546 25 1.227 2 23.701 23

27 25.773 27 0.613 1 26.35 26

27 25.16 27 0.92 1.5 26.026 25.5

27 24.546 27 1.227 2 25.701 25

28 26.773 28 0.613 1 27.35 27

28 26.16 28 0.92 1.5 27.026 26.5

28 25.546 28 1.227 2 26.701 26

Dimensions in mm unless otherwise stated

GCodeTutor.com

Metric Fine Thread Chart

Machinists Handbook

BSW British Standard Whitworth Thread Chart

GCodeTutor.com

Fraction

Size

1/16" 1.05 1.587 0.27 0.423 60 1.15

3/32" 1.703 2.381 0.338 0.529 48 1.9

1/8" 2.362 3.175 0.406 0.635 40 2.5

5/32" 2.952 3.969 0.507 0.793 32 3.2

3/16" 3.407 4.762 0.677 1.058 24 3.7

7/32" 4.201 5.556 0.677 1.058 24 4.5

1/4" 4.724 6.35 0.813 1.27 20 5.1

5/16" 6.131 7.938 0.904 1.411 18 6.5

3/8" 7.492 9.525 1.017 1.588 16 7.9

7/16" 8.789 11.113 1.162 1.814 14 9.2

1/2" 9.99 12.7 1.355 2.117 12 10.4

9/16" 11.58 14.29 1.355 2.117 12 11.89

5/8" 12.918 15.876 1.479 2.309 11 13.4

3/4" 15.798 19.051 1.627 2.54 10 16.25

7/8" 18.611 22.226 1.807 2.822 9 19.25

1" 21.335 25.4 2.033 3.175 8 22

1 1/8" 23.929 28.576 2.324 3.629 7 24.5

1 1/4" 27.104 31.751 2.324 3.629 7 27.25

1 3/8" 29.505 34.926 2.711 4.233 6 30.25

1 1/2" 32.68 38.1 2.711 4.233 6 33.5

1 5/8" 34.771 41.277 3.253 5.08 5 35.5

1 3/4" 37.946 44.452 3.253 5.08 5 38.5

1 7/8" 40.398 47.627 3.614 5.645 4 1/2 41.25

2" 43.573 50.802 3.614 5.645 4 1/2 44.5

2 1/4" 49.02 57.152 4.066 6.35 4 50

2 1/2" 55.37 63.502 4.066 6.35 4 56

2 3/4" 60.558 69.853 4.647 7.257 3 1/2 61.5

3" 66.909 76.203 4.647 7.257 3 1/2 68

3 1/4" 72.544 82.553 5.005 7.816 3 1/4 73.75

3 1/2" 78.894 88.903 5.005 7.816 3 1/4 80

3 3/4" 84.41 95.254 5.422 8.467 3 85.5

4" 90.76 101.604 5.422 8.467 3 92

4 1/4" 96.639 107.954 5.657 8.835 2 7/8 98

4 1/2" 102.99 114.304 5.657 8.835 2 7/8 104.2

4 3/4" 108.625 120.665 5.915 9.237 2 3/4 110

5" 115.176 127.005 5.915 9.237 2 3/4 116.5

5 1/4" 120.963 133.355 6.196 9.677 2 5/8 122.5

5 1/2" 127.313 139.705 6.196 9.677 2 5/8 128.5

5 3/4" 133.043 146.055 6.506 10.16 2 1/2 134.5

6" 139.394 152.406 6.506 10.16 2 1/2 141

Minor

Diameter

Major

Diameter

Thread

Height

Pitch

Dimensions in mm unless otherwise stated

Threads
per inch

(TPI)

Tap Drill

Diameter

Machinists Handbook

BSF British Standard Fine Thread Chart

Nominal

Size

Minor

Diameter

Major

Diameter

Thread

Height

Pitch

Threads
per inch

(TPI)

Tap Drill

Diameter

3/16" 3.747 4.763 0.508 0.794 32 4

7/32" 4.394 5.556 0.581 0.907 28 4.6

1/4" 5.1 6.35 0.625 0.977 26 5.3

9/32" 5.893 7.142 0.625 0.977 26 6.1

5/16" 6.459 7.938 0.739 1.156 22 6.8

3/8" 7.899 9.525 0.813 1.27 20 8.3

7/16" 9.304 11.113 0.904 1.411 18 9.7

1/2" 10.668 12.7 1.017 1.588 16 11.1

9/16" 12.256 14.288 1.017 1.588 16 12.7

5/8" 13.549 15.875 1.162 1.814 14 14

11/16" 15.137 17.463 1.162 1.814 14 15.5

3/4" 16.336 19.05 1.355 2.117 12 16.75

13/16" 17.924 20.638 1.355 2.117 12 18.25

7/8" 19.269 22.225 1.479 2.309 11 19.75

1" 22.148 25.4 1.627 2.54 10 22.75

1 1/8" 24.963 28.575 1.807 2.822 9 26.5

1 1/4" 28.138 31.75 1.807 2.822 9 28.75

1 3/8" 30.861 34.925 2.033 3.175 8 31.5

1 1/2" 34.036 38.1 2.033 3.175 8 34.5

1 5/8" 37.211 41.275 2.033 3.175 8 38

1 3/4" 39.802 44.45 2.324 3.629 7 40.5

2" 46.152 50.8 2.324 3.629 7 47

2 1/4" 51.73 57.15 2.711 4.234 6 53

2 1/2" 58.08 63.5 2.711 4.234 6 59

2 3/4" 64.43 69.85 2.711 4.234 6

3" 69.692 76.2 3.253 5.08 5

Dimensions in mm unless otherwise stated

GCodeTutor.com

BSF British Standard Fine Thread Chart

Machinists Handbook

BA British Association Screw Thread Chart

GCodeTutor.com

BA British Association Thread Chart

Nominal

Size

No. 16 0.56 0.79 0.115 0.668 133.68 0.6

No. 15 0.65 0.9 0.125 0.766 120.95 0.7

No. 14 0.72 1 0.14 0.853 110.4 0.75

No. 13 0.9 1.2 0.15 1.04 101.6 0.95

No. 12 0.96 1.3 0.17 1.121 90.71 1

No. 11 1.13 1.5 0.185 1.301 81.93 1.2

No. 10 1.28 1.7 0.21 1.476 72.57 1.35

No. 9 1.43 1.9 0.235 1.65 65.12 1.5

No. 8 1.68 2.2 0.26 1.925 59.07 1.8

No. 7 1.92 2.5 0.29 2.193 52.92 2

No. 6 2.16 2.8 0.32 2.461 47.92 2.3

No. 5 2.49 3.2 0.355 2.822 43.05 2.6

No. 4 2.81 3.6 0.395 3.177 38.48 2.95

No. 3 3.22 4.1 0.44 3.633 34.79 3.4

No. 2 3.73 4.7 0.485 4.181 31.35 3.9

No. 1 4.22 5.3 0.54 4.724 28.22 4.4

No. 0 4.8 6 0.6 5.36 25.4 5

Minor

Diameter

Major

Diameter

Thread

Height

Pitch

Dimensions in mm unless otherwise stated

Threads
per inch

(TPI)

Tap Drill

Diameter

Machinists Handbook

BSPP Briitish Standard Pipe Parallel Thread Chart

BSPP British Standard Pipe Parallel Thread Chart

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Fraction

Size

1/16" 6.561 7.723 0.581 0.907 28 6.8

1/8" 8.566 9.728 0.581 0.907 28 8.8

1/4" 11.445 13.157 0.856 1.337 19 11.8

3/8" 14.95 16.662 0.856 1.337 19 15.25

1/2" 18.631 20.955 1.162 1.814 14 19

5/8" 20.587 22.911 1.162 1.814 14 21

3/4" 24.117 26.441 1.162 1.814 14 24.5

7/8" 27.877 30.201 1.162 1.814 14 28.25

1" 30.291 33.249 1.479 2.309 11 30.75

1 1/8" 34.939 37.897 1.479 2.309 11 35.5

1 1/4" 38.952 41.91 1.479 2.309 11 39.5

1 1/2" 44.845 47.803 1.479 2.309 11 47.4

1 3/4" 50.788 53.746 1.479 2.309 11 53.7

2" 56.656 59.614 1.479 2.309 11 60.1

2 1/4" 62.752 65.71 1.479 2.309 11 63.3

2 1/2" 72.226 75.184 1.479 2.309 11 72.8

2 3/4" 78.576 81.534 1.479 2.309 11 79.1

3" 84.926 87.884 1.479 2.309 11 85.5

3 1/2" 97.372 100.33 1.479 2.309 11 97.75

4" 110.072 113.03 1.479 2.309 11 110.5

4 1/2" 122.772 125.73 1.479 2.309 11 123

5" 135.472 138.43 1.479 2.309 11 136

5 1/2" 148.172 151.13 1.479 2.309 11 148.5

6" 160.872 163.83 1.479 2.309 11 161.5

Minor

Diameter

Major

Diameter

Thread

Height

Pitch

Dimensions in mm unless otherwise stated

Threads
per inch

(TPI)

Tap Drill

Diameter

Machinists Handbook

BSPT Briitish Standard Pipe Taper Thread Chart

Fraction

Size

Minor

Diameter

Major

Diameter

Thread
Height

Pitch

Effective

Thread
Length

Threads
per inch

(TPI)

Tap Drill
Diameter

1/16" 6.561 7.723 0.581 0.907 2.5 28 6.4

1/8" 8.566 9.728 0.581 0.907 2.5 28 8.4

1/4" 11.445 13.157 0.856 1.337 3.7 19 11.2

3/8" 14.95 16.662 0.856 1.337 3.7 19 14.75

1/2" 18.631 20.955 1.162 1.814 5 14 18.25

3/4" 24.117 26.441 1.162 1.814 5 14 23.75

1" 30.291 33.249 1.479 2.309 6.4 11 30

1 1/4" 38.952 41.91 1.479 2.309 6.4 11 38.5

1 1/2" 44.845 47.803 1.479 2.309 6.4 11 44.5

2" 56.656 59.614 1.479 2.309 7.5 11 56

2 1/2" 72.226 75.184 1.479 2.309 9.2 11 71

3" 84.926 87.884 1.479 2.309 9.2 11 85.5

4" 110.072 113.03 1.479 2.309 10.4 11 110.5

5" 135.472 138.43 1.479 2.309 11.5 11 136

6" 160.872 163.83 1.479 2.309 11.5 11 161.5

Dimensions in mm unless otherwise stated

BSPT British Standard Pipe Taper Thread Chart

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Machinists Handbook

UNC Unified Coarse Thread Chart

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UNC Unied Coarse Thread Chart

Nominal

Diameter

(Inch)

1 - 64 0.073 1.854 0.397 64 1.5

2 - 56 0.086 2.184 0.453 56 1.8

3 - 48 0.099 2.515 0.529 48 2.1

4 - 40 0.112 2.845 0.635 40 2.35

5 - 40 0.125 3.175 0.635 40 2.65

6 - 32 0.138 3.505 0.794 32 2.85

8 - 32 0.164 4.166 0.794 32 3.5

10 - 24 0.19 4.826 1.058 24 4

12 - 24 0.216 5.486 1.058 24 4.65

1/4" - 20 0.25 6.35 1.27 20 5.35

5/16" - 18 0.313 7.938 1.411 18 6.8

3/8" - 16 0.375 9.525 1.587 16 8.25

7/16" - 14 0.438 11.112 1.814 14 9.65

1/2" - 13 0.5 12.7 1.954 13 11.15

Major

Diameter

(Inch)

Major

Diameter

Pitch

Threads
per inch

(TPI)

Tap Drill

Diameter

9/16" - 12 0.563 14.288 2.117 12 12.6

5/8" - 11 0.625 15.875 2.309 11 14.05

3/4" - 10 0.75 19.05 2.54 10 17

7/8" - 9 0.875 22.225 2.822 9 20

1" - 8 1 25.4 3.175 8 22.85

1 1/8" - 7 1.125 28.575 3.628 7 25.65

1 1/4" - 7 1.25 31.75 3.628 7 28.85

1 3/8" - 6 1.375 34.925 4.233 6 31.55

1 1/2" - 6 1.5 38.1 4.233 6 34.7

1 3/4" - 5 1.75 44.45 5.08 5 40.4

2" - 4 1/2 2 50.8 5.644 4.5 46.3

2 1/4" - 4 1/2 2.25 57.15 5.644 4.5 52.65

2 1/2" - 4 2.5 63.5 6.35 4 58.5

2 3/4" - 4 2.75 69.85 6.35 4 64.75

3" - 4 3 76.2 6.35 4 71.1

3 1/4" - 4 3.25 82.55 6.35 4 77.45

3 1/2" - 4 3.5 88.9 6.35 4 83.8

3 3/4" - 4 3.75 95.25 6.35 4 90.15

4" - 4 4 101.6 6.35 4 96.5

Dimensions in mm unless otherwise stated

Machinists Handbook

UNF Unified Fine Thread Chart

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UNF Unied Fine Thread Chart

Nominal

Diameter

(Inch)

0 - 80 0.06 1.524 0.317 80 1.25

1 - 72 0.073 1.854 0.353 72 1.55

2 - 64 0.068 2.184 0.397 64 1.9

3 - 56 0.099 2.515 0.453 56 2.15

4 - 48 0.112 2.845 0.529 48 2.4

5 - 44 0.125 3.175 0.577 44 2.7

6 - 40 0.138 3.505 0.635 40 2.95

8 - 36 0.164 4.166 0.705 36 3.5

10 - 32 0.19 4.826 0.794 32 4.1

12 - 28 0.216 5.486 0.907 28 4.7

1/4" - 28 0.25 6.35 0.907 28 5.5

5/16" - 24 0.313 7.938 1.058 24 6.9

3/8" - 24 0.375 9.525 1.058 24 8.5

7/16" - 20 0.438 11.112 1.27 20 9.9

Major

Diameter

(Inch)

Major

Diameter

Pitch

Threads
per inch

(TPI)

Tap Drill

Diameter

1/2" - 20 0.5 12.7 1.27 20 11.5

9/16" - 18 0.563 14.288 1.411 18 12.9

5/8" - 18 0.625 15.875 1.411 18 14.5

3/4" - 16 0.75 19.05 1.587 16 17.5

7/8" - 14 0.875 22.225 1.814 14 20.4

1" - 12 1 25.4 2.117 12 23.25

1 1/8" - 12 1.125 28.575 2.117 12 26.5

1 1/4" - 12 1.25 31.75 2.117 12 29.5

1 3/8" - 12 1.375 34.925 2.117 12 32.75

1 1/2" - 12 1.5 38.1 2.117 12 36

Dimensions in mm unless otherwise stated

Machinists Handbook

UNEF Unified Extra Fine Thread Chart

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UNEF Unied Extra Fine Thread Chart

Nominal

Diameter

(Inch)

12 - 80 0.216 5.486 0.794 32 4.8

1/4" - 32 0.25 6.35 0.794 32 5.7

5/16" - 32 0.313 7.938 0.794 32 7.25

3/8" - 32 0.375 9.525 0.794 32 8.85

7/16" - 28 0.438 11.112 0.907 28 10.35

1/2" - 28 0.5 12.7 0.907 28 11.8

9/16" - 24 0.563 14.288 1.058 24 13.4

5/8" - 24 0.625 15.875 1.058 24 15

11/16" - 24 0.688 17.462 1.058 24 16.6

3/4" - 20 0.75 19.05 1.27 20 18

13/16" - 20 0.813 20.638 1.27 20 19.6

7/8" - 20 0.875 22.225 1.27 20 21.15

15/16" - 20 0.938 23.812 1.27 20 22.7

1" - 20 1 25.4 1.27 20 24.3

Major

Diameter

(Inch)

Major

Diameter

Pitch

Threads
per inch

(TPI)

Tap Drill

Diameter

1 1/16" - 18 1.063 26.988 1.411 18 25.8

1 1/8" - 18 1.125 28.575 1.411 18 27.35

1 1/4" - 18 1.25 31.75 1.411 18 30.55

1 5/16" - 18 1.313 33.338 1.411 18 32.1

1 3/8" - 18 1.375 34.925 1.411 18 33.7

1 7/16" - 18 1.438 36.512 1.411 18 35.3

1 1/2" - 18 1.5 38.1 1.411 18 36.9

1 9/16" - 18 1.563 39.688 1.411 18 38.55

1 5/8" - 18 1.625 41.275 1.411 18 40.1

1 11/16" - 18 1.688 42.862 1.411 18 41.6

Dimensions in mm unless otherwise stated

Machinists Handbook

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Reamer Drill Size

Drill Size (mm)

1 0.85

2 1.85

3 2.85

4 3.85

5 4.85

6 5.75

7 6.75

8 7.75

9 8.75

10 9.75

11 10.75

12 11.75

13 12.75

14 13.75

15 14.75

16 15.75

17 16.75

18 17.75

19 18.75

20 19.75

21 20.7

22 21.75

23 22.75

24 23.75

25 24.75

26 25.75

28 27.75

30 29.75

32 31.75

34 33.5

36 35.5

38 37.5

40 39.5

42 41.5

44 43.5

46 45.5

48 47.5

50 49.5

Machinists Handbook

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Abbreviations

Machinists Handbook

C-C or C-TO-C

Abbreviations

Abbreviation Definition

AC

AF

AFF above finished floor

AISI

Al or AL

ALY

AMER

AMS

AN-

ANN

ANSI

APPROX

AQL

AR

AS

APS

APV

ASA

ASME

ASSY or ASY

ASTM

AVG

AWG

BASIC

BC or B.C.

BHCS

BHN

BoM or BOM

BoP or BOP bought out part

BP, B/P

BRZ

BSC

CAD

CAGE

CBN

CDA

CERT or cert

CG

CH

CHAM

CI

American Iron and Steel Institute

Aerospace Material Standards

American National Standards Institute

Aerospace Standards; Australian Standards

American Standards Association

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

American Society for Testing and Materials

Commercial and Government Entity

centerless ground, centerless grinding

across corners

across flats

aluminium

alloy

American

Army-Navy

anneal, annealed

approximately

acceptable quality level

as required

approved product supplier

approved product vendor

assembly

average

American Wire Gauge

basic dimension

bolt circle

button head cap screw

Brinell hardness number

bill of materials

blueprint

bronze

basic dimension

computer-aided design

centre-to-centre; on centres

cubic boron nitride

current design activity

certification

chamfer

chamfer

cast iron

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Machinists Handbook

C'BORE or CBORE

CSK or CSINK

EO, ECO, ECN

GD&T or GDT

Abbreviations

Abbreviation Definition

CL or ℄

CNC

CR

CRES

CRS

C/T Correlation / Tracking

CTN, ctn

⌀

D

DIA

DIP

DIM

DO, do

DOD, DoD

DPD

DWG, dwg

ED edge distance

EQ

ERC

f

FAO

FCF

FD or F/D

FIM

FL

FL Floor Level

FN or F/N

FoS

FS

FSCM

FTG fitting

GCI

GN or G/N

HBW

HHCS

HRA

HRB

HRC

Federal Stock/Supply Code for Manufacturers

computer numerical control

cold rolled steel; on centres

dimension, dimensioning

[U.S.] Department of Defense

flag note, flagnote; find number

geometric dimensioning and tolerancing

hardness, Brinell, tungsten tip

hardness, Rockwell, A scale

hardness, Rockwell, B scale

hardness, Rockwell, C scale

center line

controlled radius

corrosion-resistant

counterbore

countersink

carton

diameter

diameter; delta

diameter

ductile iron pipe

ditto

digital product definition

drawing

engineering order

equal, equally

electrical rule check

finish

finish all over

feature control frame

field of the drawing

full indicator movement

flag note, flagnote

feature of size

far side

gray cast iron

general note

hex head cap screw

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Machinists Handbook

H&T or H/T or HT

Abbreviations

Abbreviation Definition

HRC

HRS

HT TR

IAW in accordance with

ID

IED Insufficient Edge Distance

ISO

KEY

KPSI, kpsi

KSI, ksi

LDD

LH

LM or L/M

LMC

MACH

MAJ

MAX

MBD

MBP

MBW

MF or M/F

MFD

MFG

MFR

MIL-

MIN

MMC

MOD, MoD

MOP, MoP

MOW, MoW

MPa, MPA

MRB

MS-

NAS

NC

NCM

NCR

NEC

NEF

NF

NL or N/L

inner diameter; identity, identification number

International Organization for Standardization

not elsewhere classified; National Electrical Code

hardness, Rockwell, C scale

hot rolled steel

heat treat, heat treatment

hardened and tempered

key

kilopounds per square inch

kilopounds per square inch

Limited Dimension Drawing

left-hand

list of materials

least material condition

machine; machined

major

maximum

model-based definition

measurement between pins

measurement between wires

make from

manufactured

manufacturing

manufacturer

[U.S.] Military

minimum; minutes; minor

maximum material condition

Ministry of Defence [U.K. and others]

measurement over pins

measurement over wires

megapascals

material review board

[U.S.] Military Standard

National Aerospace Standards

National Coarse; numerical control

nonconforming material

nonconformance report

National Extra Fine

National Fine

notes list

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Machinists Handbook

NORM or NORMD

N&T or N/T or NT

REQD or REQ'D

Abbreviations

Abbreviation Definition

NOM

NPS

NPT

NS

NSCM

NTS

OAL

OC

OD

ODA

OHL

OPP

ORIG original

pc, pcs

PD

PDM

PH or P/H

PHR BRZ

PL or P/L

PLM

PN or P/N

POI

P.F. press fit

PSI

PTFE

PVC

QMS

QTY or qty

R

RA, Ra

RB, Rb

RC, Rc

REF

REV

RFS

RH

RHR

RL Reduced Level or Relative Leve

RMA

National Stock/Supply Code for Manufacturers

roughness, average; Rockwell A scale

Naval Primary Standard

National Special; near side

normalized and tempered

original design activity

product data management

precipitation hardening / pilot hole

product lifecycle management

pounds per square inch

polytetrafluoroethylene

quality management system

regardless of feature size

roughness height reading

return material authorization

nominal

normalized

National Pipe Taper

not to scale

overall length

on center

outer diameter

over high limit

opposite

piece, pieces

pitch diameter

phosphor bronze

parts list

part number

point of intersection

polyvinyl chloride

quantity

radius

Rockwell B scale

Rockwell C scale

reference

required

revision

right-hand

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Machinists Handbook

SFACE or S/FACE

SPEC or spec

Abbreviations

Abbreviation Definition

RMS

RT or R/T

RTP

RTV

RZ, Rz

SAE

SC or S/C

SF or S/F

SHCS

SHN

SHSS

SI

SN or S/N

SOL ANN

SPHER ANN

SPOTFACE

SR

SS or S/S

SST

STD

STEP

STA

STI

STL

STK

TAP

TB or T/B

TDP

THD or thd

THK or thk

THRU

THRU ALL

TIR

TOL

TSC

TY

TYP

UAI

ULL

UNC

rough turn, rough turned; room temperature

room-temperature vulcanizing; return to vendor

Society of Automotive Engineers

solution anneal, solution annealed

Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data

total indicator reading; total indicated run-out

root mean square

release to production

roughness, mean depth

sharp corners

spotface

spotface

socket head cap screw

shown

socket head set screw

Système international

serial number

specification

spheroidize anneal

Spot facing

spherical radius

stainless steel

stainless steel

Standard

solution treated and aged

screw thread insert

steel

stock

Tapped hole

title block

technical data package

thread

thickness

Through

Through all

tolerance, tolerancing

theoretical sharp corner

type

Typical

use as-is

under low limit

Unified National Coarse

GCodeTutor.com

Machinists Handbook

Abbreviations

Abbreviation Definition

UNEF

UNF

UNJC

UNJF

UNO

UNS

UON

UOS

USASI

USS

UTS

v

WC

WI

W/I, w/i

W/O, w/o

_X_

YS

United States of America Standards Institute

United States Standard; United States Steel

ultimate tensile strength; Unified Thread Standard

Unified National Extra Fine

Unified National Fine

Unified National "J" series Coarse

Unified National "J" series Fine

unless noted otherwise

Unified National Special

unless otherwise noted

unless otherwise specified

finish

tungsten carbide

wrought iron

within

without

used to indicate the word “by”

yield strength

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Machinists Handbook

GCodeTutor.com

CNC Programming

Reference

Machinists Handbook

G Code Reference List

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G Code Reference

G Code Function G Code Function

G00 Positioning at rapid travel; G58 Set Datum;

G01 Linear interpolation using a feed rate; G59 Set Datum;

G02 Circular interpolation clockwise; G70 Finish cycle (Lathe);

G03 Circular interpolation, counterclockwise; G71 Rough turning cycle (Lathe);

G04 Dwell G72 Rough facing cycle (Lathe);

G17 Select X-Y plane; G73 Chip break drilling cycle;

G18 Select Z-X plane; G74 Left hand tapping Mill);(

G19 Select Z-Y plane; G74 Face grooving cycle;

G20 Imperial units; G75 OD groove pecking cycle (Lathe);

G21 Metric units; G76 Boring cycle (Mill);

G27 Reference return check; G76 Screw cutting cycle (Lathe);

G28 Automatic return through reference point; G80 Cancel cycles;

G29 Move to a location through reference point; G81 Drill cycle;

G31 Skip function; G82 Drill cycle with dwell;

G32 Thread cutting operation on a Lathe; G83 Peck drilling cycle;

G33 Thread cutting operation on a Mill; G84 Tapping cycle;

G40 Cancel cutter compensation; G85 Bore in, bore out;

G41 Cutter compensation left; G86 Bore in, rapid out;

G42 Cutter compensation right; G87 Back boring cycle;

G43 Tool length compensation; G90 Absolute programming;

G44 Tool length compensation; G91 Incremental programming;

G50 Set coordinate system (Mill); G92 Reposition origin point (Mill);

G50 Maximum RPM (Lathe); G92 Screw thread cutting cycle (Lathe);

G52 Local coordinate system setting; G94 Per minute feed;

G53 Machine coordinate system setting; G95 Per revolution feed;

G54 Set Datum; G96 Constant surface speed (Lathe);

G55 Set Datum; G97 Constant surface speed cancel;

G56 Set Datum; G98 Feed per minute (Lathe);

G57 Set Datum; G99 Feed per revolution (Lathe);

Machinists Handbook

M Code Reference List

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M Code Reference

M Code Function

M00 Program stop

M01 Optional program stop

M03 Spindle on clockwise

M04 Spindle on counterclockwise

M05 Spindle off

M06 Tool change

M08 Coolant on

M09 Coolant off

M30 Program end, return to start

Machinists Handbook

Address Function Description

O Program Number

N Block Number

G G Code

M M Code

X,Y,Z,U,V,W Coordinates

R Radial Coordinates

I,J,K Centre point Coordinates

S Spindle Speed

F Feed Rate

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Auxiliary Commands

4 digit number to define the

program used for storage and identification

in machine memory

Block Numbers are used for

search both manually

and automatically

Machine control function.

For a full list of G Codes refer to

the G Code list page

Auxilary machine control function.

For a full list of M Codes refer to

the M Code list page

Axis positional commands

using the Cartesian coordinate

system

Defines the radii

for corners

and arcs

Defines the centre

point of arcs

and radius

Defines the spindle speed in RPM

or if in surface speed mode the

feet per min of surface of material

Defines the

motion speed of the tool

T Tool

I,K,P,Q,R Cycle Definitions

Defines the tool

number and offset number

i.e. T0101

Used within canned cycles with various functions.

Refer to the section on cycles

for uses.

Machinists Handbook

G Code Canned Cycles

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Turning

Machinists Handbook

G70 P Q;

P = start of the contour
Q = end of the contour

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G Code Cycles Lathe Reference

G70

Finishing Cycle

Example:

G00 X70.0 Z2.0;
G42;
G70 P100 Q200;
G00 X70.0 Z5.0;

G53 X0.0 Z-210.0 M09;

G40 M05;

Machinists Handbook

G71 U R;

G71 P Q U W F;

U = Depth of cut
R = Retract value
P = Sequence number for the start of the program contour
Q = Sequence number for the end of the program contour
U = Finishing allowance in X
W = Finishing allowance in Z
F = Feed rate

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G Code Cycles Lathe Reference

G71

Roughing Cycle

Example:

G71 U1.0 R1.0;
G71 P100 Q200 U0.2 W.05 F0.2;

N100 G00 X19.0;

G01 G42 Z0.0 F0.2;

Z-65.0 ,R5.0;

X60.0;
N200 G40 X70.0 Z5.0 F200;

Machinists Handbook

G72 W(1) R;
G72 P Q U W(2) F;

W(1) = Depth of cut
R = Retract amount
P = Sequence number for the start of the program contour
Q = Sequence number for the end of the program contour
U = Finishing allowance in X
W(2) = Finishing allowance in Z
F = Feed rate

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G Code Cycles Lathe Reference

G72

Facing Cycle

Example:

G72 W1000 R100;
G72 P100 Q200 U0.03 W0.03 F0.01;

N100 G00 Z-0.2 S500 P11;

G01 X3.0 F0.01;

X2.0 Z-0.5;
Z-0.1;

X0.5;
N200 X0.0;

Machinists Handbook

G73 U(1) W(1) R;
G73 P Q U(2) W(2) F;

U(1) = Amount of material to be machined on the X-axis.
W(1) = Amount of material to be machined on the Z-axi

R = Amount of roughing passes
P = Sequence number for the beginning of the contour
Q = Sequence number for the end of the contour

U 2) = Finish allowance on the X-axis.
W 2)= Finish allowance on Z-axis

F = Feed rate.

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G Code Cycles Lathe Reference

G73

Pattern Repeating Cycle

Example:

G73 U0.5 W0.2 R0.03;
G73 P100 Q200 U0.4 W0.01 F0.01;
N100 G00 X1.0 S1000 P11;

G01 Z-0.4 F0.01;
X2.0 Z-1.0;
Z-1.5;

N200 X4.0;

Machinists Handbook

G74 Z R Q F;

Z = Total depth of hole
R = Retract amount after each peck
Q = Depth of each peck (no decimal point)
F = Feed rate

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G Code Cycles Lathe Reference

G74

Peck Drilling Cycle

Example:

G74 Z-2. R500 Q2000 F.007;

G0 X40.0 Z50.0 ;

Machinists Handbook

G75 X Z P Q F;

X = Depth of groove (dia)
Z = Distance to groove from datum
P = Depth of peck

Q = Step over amount on the Z axis

F = Feed rate

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G Code Cycles Lathe Reference

G75

Peck Grooving Cycle

Example:

G00 X3.0 Z-6.0;
G75 X2.0 Z-1.0 P0.1 Q0.15 F.002;

G00 X10.0 Z12.0;

Machinists Handbook

G76 X Z I K D A F;

X = Core diameter of the thread
Z = End position of the thread
I = Taper
K = Depth of thread

D = Depth of rst pass

A = Tool nose angle
F = Pitch of Thread

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G Code Cycles Lathe Reference

G76

Screw Thread Cycle (Single Line)

Example:

G97 S400 M03;

G00 X20.0 Z5.0 M08;

G76 X18.2 Z-18.0 I-.01 K900 D100 A60 F1.5;

G00 X25.0 Z10.0;

Machinists Handbook

G76 P (1) (2) (3) Q R;

G76 X Z P Q R F;

P is a six digit character, two digits each for (1), (2) and (3)
(1) = number of nishing passes

(2) = chamfering amount
(3) = included angle of the tool tip
Q = Minimum cutting depth
R = Finishing allowance
X = Minor Diameter of the thread
Z = End position of the thread
P = Depth of thread

Q = Depth of rst pass

R = Taper
F = Pitch

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G Code Cycles Lathe Reference

G76

Screw Thread Cycle (Double Line)

Example:

G00 X20.0 Z5.0 M08;
G76 P040060 Q100 R.02;

G76 X18.2 Z-18.0 P180 Q160 F1.5;

G00 X25.0 Z10.0;

Machinists Handbook

G83 Z Q R P F;

Z = Depth of hole
Q = Peck distance
R = Distance from initial point
P = Dwell time at bottom of hole (milliseconds)
F = Feed rate

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G Code Cycles Lathe Reference

G83

Z-axis Peck Drilling Cycle

Example:

Z1.0;

G83 Z-50.0 P500 Q2000 P1000 F0.08;

G80;

Machinists Handbook

G84 Z Q R F;

Z = Depth of hole
Q = Peck distance
R = Distance from initial point
F = Feed rate

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G Code Cycles Lathe Reference

G84

Z-axis Tapping Cycle

Example:

X0;

G84 Z-5.0 Q2000 R1000 F0.0625;

G80 G0 X5.0;

Machinists Handbook

G87 X R Q P F;

X = Depth of hole
R = Retract Value
Q = Peck distance
P = Dwell time at bottom of hole (milliseconds)
F = Pitch

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G Code Cycles Lathe Reference

G87

X-axis Peck Drilling Cycle

Example:

X42.0;

G87 X-19.5 R-5.0 P1000 Q2000 F30;

G80;

Machinists Handbook

G88 X R Q P F;

X = Depth of hole
R = Retract Value
Q = Peck distance
P = Dwell time at bottom of hole (milliseconds)
F = Pitch

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G Code Cycles Lathe Reference

G88

X-axis Tapping Cycle

Example:

X42.0;

G88 Z-48.0 C90.0 X30.0 R42.0 P200 S100 F1.0;

G80;

Machinists Handbook

G Code Canned Cycles

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Milling

Machinists Handbook

G81 X Y Z Q R F;

X = Rapid X-axis command (optional)
Y = Rapid Y-axis command (optional)

Z = Depth of hole
Q = Peck distance
R = Rapid position
F = Feed Rate

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G Code Cycles Mill Reference

G81

Drilling Cycle

Example:

G43 Z2.0;

G81 Z-0.5 R0.15 F10.0;

X1.5 Y1.5;
G80 G00 Z2.0;

Machinists Handbook

G82 (X) (Y) Z P R F;

X = Rapid X-axis command (optional)
Y = Rapid Y-axis command (optional)

Z = Depth of hole
P = Dwell at bottom of hole
R = Rapid position
F = Feed Rate

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G Code Cycles Mill Reference

G82

Counter bore Cycle

Example:

G43 Z2.0;

G82 Z-0.5 P1.0 R0.15 F10.0;

X2.0 Y2.0;
G80 G00 Z2.0;

Machinists Handbook

G83 (X) (Y) Z Q (I) (J) (K) P R F;

X = Rapid X-axis command (optional)
Y = Rapid Y-axis command (optional)

Z = Depth of hole
Q = Peck amount (incremental)

I = Depth of rst cut (optional)

J = Amount to reduce cutting depth each peck (optional)
K = Minimum depth of cut (optional)
P = Dwell at bottom of hole
R = Rapid position
F = Feed Rate

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G Code Cycles Mill Reference

G83

Deep Hole Peck Drilling Cycle

Example:

G43 Z2.0;

G83 Z-2.5 I0.5 J0.1 K0.2 R0.1 F10.0;

X2.0 Y2.0;
G80 G00 Z2.0;

Machinists Handbook

G84 Z R F;

Z = Depth of thread
R = Rapid position
F = Pitch

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G Code Cycles Mill Reference

G84

Tapping Cycle

Example:

G00 Z2.0;

G84 Z-5.0 R1.0 F36.0;

X2.0 Y2.0;
G80 G00 Z2.0;

Machinists Handbook

G85 Z R F K;

Z = Boring depth
R = Rapid position
F = feed rate
K = Number of repeats

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G Code Cycles Mill Reference

G85

Bore in / Bore out Cycle

Example:

G43 Z2.0;

G85 Z-5.0 R1.0 F10.0;

X2.0 Y2.0;
G80 G00 Z2.0;

Machinists Handbook

G86 Z R F K;

Z = Boring depth
R = Rapid position
F = feed rate
K = Number of repeats

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G Code Cycles Mill Reference

G86

Bore in / Rapid out Cycle

Example:

G43 Z2.0;

G86 Z-5.0 R1.0 F10.0;

X2.0 Y2.0;
G80 G00 Z2.0;

Machinists Handbook

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Calculations

Machinists Handbook

π × D × n

1000

V

c

=

n = V

c

÷ π ÷ D × 1000

V

f

= n × fz × Z

f

z =

V

f

n

×

Z

Vc = Cutting Speed (m/min)

D = Diameter (mm)

π = Pi (3.14159)

V

f

= Feed (mm/min)

n = Spindle Speed (min )

-1

Fz = Feed per Tooth (mm/Tooth)

Z = Number of Flutes

Cutting Speed

Spindle Speed

Feed

Feed per Tooth

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Speeds and Feeds Calculations

Machinists Handbook

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Tapping Drill Calculations

Tap Drill Size

Drill Size
(mm)

Drill Size
(inch)

Major Diameter - Pitch

Pitch x % of Full Thread

Major Diameter -

76.98

0.01299 x % of Full Thread

Major Diameter -

TPI

Form Tap Drill Size

Form Tap Drill Size
(inch)

Form Tap Drill Size
(mm)

Major Diameter -

Pitch

2

0.0068 x % of Full Thread

Major Diameter –

Number of TPI

Pitch x % of Full Thread

Major Diameter –

147.06

Machinists Handbook

a = c sin A a = c cos B a = b tan A

a = b cot B b = c cos A b = c sin B

b = a cot A b = a tan B c = b sec A

c = a sec B c = a csc A c = b csc B

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Trigonometry Calculations

B

c

A

b

a

b

sin A = sin B = cos A =

c

a

c

a

cos B = tan A = tan B =

c

b

a

b
c

b
a

b

a

cot A = cot B = sec A =

a

c

b

c

Sec B = csc A = csc B =

a

a

c
b

c
b

Machinists Handbook

Sine Cosine Tangent Chart

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Trigonometry Charts

Angle Sine Cosine Tangent

0° 0 1 0

1° 0.01745 0.99985 0.01746

2° 0.0349 0.99939 0.03492

3° 0.05234 0.99863 0.05241

4° 0.06976 0.99756 0.06993

5° 0.08716 0.99619 0.08749

6° 0.10453 0.99452 0.1051

7° 0.12187 0.99255 0.12278

8° 0.13917 0.99027 0.14054

9° 0.15643 0.98769 0.15838

10° 0.17365 0.98481 0.17633

11° 0.19081 0.98163 0.19438

12° 0.20791 0.97815 0.21256

13° 0.22495 0.97437 0.23087

14° 0.24192 0.9703 0.24933

15° 0.25882 0.96593 0.26795

16° 0.27564 0.96126 0.28675

17° 0.29237 0.9563 0.30573

18° 0.30902 0.95106 0.32492

19° 0.32557 0.94552 0.34433

20° 0.34202 0.93969 0.36397

21° 0.35837 0.93358 0.38386

22° 0.37461 0.92718 0.40403

23° 0.39073 0.9205 0.42447

24° 0.40674 0.91355 0.44523

25° 0.42262 0.90631 0.46631

26° 0.43837 0.89879 0.48773

27° 0.45399 0.89101 0.50953

28° 0.46947 0.88295 0.53171

29° 0.48481 0.87462 0.55431

30° 0.5 0.86603 0.57735

Machinists Handbook

Sine Cosine Tangent Chart

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Trigonometry Charts

Angle Sine Cosine Tangent

31° 0.51504 0.85717 0.60086

32° 0.52992 0.84805 0.62487

33° 0.54464 0.83867 0.64941

34° 0.55919 0.82904 0.67451

35° 0.57358 0.81915 0.70021

36° 0.58779 0.80902 0.72654

37° 0.60182 0.79864 0.75355

38° 0.61566 0.78801 0.78129

39° 0.62932 0.77715 0.80978

40° 0.64279 0.76604 0.8391

41° 0.65606 0.75471 0.86929

42° 0.66913 0.74314 0.9004

43° 0.682 0.73135 0.93252

44° 0.69466 0.71934 0.96569

45° 0.70711 0.70711 1

46° 0.71934 0.69466 1.03553

47° 0.73135 0.682 1.07237

48° 0.74314 0.66913 1.11061

49° 0.75471 0.65606 1.15037

50° 0.76604 0.64279 1.19175

51° 0.77715 0.62932 1.2349

52° 0.78801 0.61566 1.27994

53° 0.79864 0.60182 1.32704

54° 0.80902 0.58779 1.37638

55° 0.81915 0.57358 1.42815

56° 0.82904 0.55919 1.48256

57° 0.83867 0.54464 1.53986

58° 0.84805 0.52992 1.60033

59° 0.85717 0.51504 1.66428

60° 0.86603 0.5 1.73205

Machinists Handbook

Sine Cosine Tangent Chart

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Trigonometry Charts

Angle Sine Cosine Tangent

61° 0.87462 0.48481 1.80405

62° 0.88295 0.46947 1.88073

63° 0.89101 0.45399 1.96261

64° 0.89879 0.43837 2.0503

65° 0.90631 0.42262 2.14451

66° 0.91355 0.40674 2.24604

67° 0.9205 0.39073 2.35585

68° 0.92718 0.37461 2.47509

69° 0.93358 0.35837 2.60509

70° 0.93969 0.34202 2.74748

71° 0.94552 0.32557 2.90421

72° 0.95106 0.30902 3.07768

73° 0.9563 0.29237 3.27085

74° 0.96126 0.27564 3.48741

75° 0.96593 0.25882 3.73205

76° 0.9703 0.24192 4.01078

77° 0.97437 0.22495 4.33148

78° 0.97815 0.20791 4.70463

79° 0.98163 0.19081 5.14455

80° 0.98481 0.17365 5.67128

81° 0.98769 0.15643 6.31375

82° 0.99027 0.13917 7.11537

83° 0.99255 0.12187 8.14435

84° 0.99452 0.10453 9.51436

85° 0.99619 0.08716 11.43005

86° 0.99756 0.06976 14.30067

87° 0.99863 0.05234 19.08114

88° 0.99939 0.0349 28.63625

89° 0.99985 0.01745 57.28996

90° 1 0 Undefined

Machinists Handbook

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Tool Geometry

Machinists Handbook

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RH Knife Tool Geometry

F

E

C

A

B

Material

Steel 15 12 12 8 15 17

Stainless Steel 17 10 8 8 15 17

Tool Steel 12 10 8 8 15 17

Cast Iron 12 10 5 8 15 17

Aluminum 16 12 35 8 15 17

Brass 2 10 0 8 15 17

Bronze 2 10 0 8 15 17

Copper 20 12 16 10 15 17

A

Side Rake

B

Side Relief

C

Back Rake

D

D

End Relief

E

Side Cut

F

End Cut

Machinists Handbook

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Drill Geometry

A

c

B

Material A (deg) B (deg) C (deg)

Copper 100 12 50

Soft Brass and Bronzes 118 15 59

Hard Brass 100 15 50

Mild Steel 118 12 59

cast irons 90 12 45

Manganese steel 135 9 67.5

aluminum 118 12 59

Soft Aluminum 100 15 50

hard alloys 135 10 59

plastics 118 12 59

Bakelite 90 15 45

Wood 90 12 45

Fiber 90 12 45

hard rubber 90 15 45

Heat-treated steels 125 12 62.5

Machinists Handbook

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Centre Drill Geometry

B

A

C

D

(Total Length)

Size A (inches) A (mm) B (inches) B (mm) C (Inches) C (mm) D (inches) D (mm)

1 0.125 3.175 0.0468 1.18872 0.0468 1.18872 1.25 31.75

2 0.1875 4.7625 0.0781 1.98374 0.781 19.8374 1.875 47.625

3 0.25 6.35 0.1093 2.77622 0.1093 2.77622 2 50.8

4 0.3125 7.9375 0.125 3.175 0.125 3.175 2.125 53.975

5 0.4375 11.1125 0.1875 4.7625 0.1875 4.7625 2.75 69.85

6 0.5 12.7 0.2187 5.55498 0.2187 5.55498 3 76.2

Machinists Handbook

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

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End Mill Geometry

A Rake Angle I Helix Angle

B End Tooth J Gulet

C Land K Flute

D End Cutting Edge L Rake

E Dish Angle M Cutting Edge

F Cutting Diameter N Radial Rake

G Primary Land O Land

H Length of Cut P Secondary Relief

Machinists Handbook

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Morse Taper Geometry

A

B

C

Code A inches A millimeters B inches B millimeters C inches C millimeters

1 morse taper 0.475 12.065 0.369 9.373 2.13 54.1

2 morse taper 0.7 17.78 0.572 14.529 2.56 65.02

3 morse taper 0.938 23.825 0.778 19.761 3.19 81.06

4 morse taper 1.231 31.267 1.02 25.908 4.06 103.12

5 morse taper 1.748 44.399 1.475 37.465 5.19 131.83

6 morse taper 2.494 63.348 2.116 53.746 7.25 184.15

Machinists Handbook

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Afterword

For over 26 years I worked as a machinist. During that time I had a toolbox with more paper-

work than I had measuring equipment.

Not only do I need charts for every kind of standard and conversion you could think of, but
also bits of paper with scribbled notes on how to use cycles on CNC machines that I have not
needed to program for years.
I have a few handbooks thrown in for good measure but none of them contained everything I

needed.

Then the mobile phone became popular, so I started collecting my notes on my phone as all
the information I needed took up a lot less space and was easier to nd while rushing to get
that part nished before my boss exploded.
I was always trying to arrange my notes and charts in a way that I could retrieve them quickly
instead of emptying my toolbox or appear like I was playing on my phone instead of working.

That’s when the idea hit me, what if someone made a handbook with everything I needed?

What if someone made it available as an ebook and as a standard book for the times when I

was working in factory’s that didn’t allow mobile phones on the shop oor.
For years I longed for such a book.
I waited for someone to make it, there are engineering books out there but they were not
aimed at machinists and either contained too much information that was irreverent to my role

or not the information that I needed.
I don’t need a book to contain crack detection or stress and strain graphs. I needed a book
that was written for machinists by a machinist.

No one made that book so I did.

I hope you nd it as useful as I do.

- Marc Cronin

For more machinist tuition please visit my website:

http://GCodeTutor.com