X100 SYSTEM MANUAL
X100 UAS
2.0 — 3 — 12 October 2012
CONTENTS
1 Terms and conventions.................................................................................... 15
1.1 Copyright........................................................................................................... 15
1.2 Notation of numbers.......................................................................................... 15
1.3 Units..................................................................................................................16
• General......................................................................................................... 16
• Aviation......................................................................................................... 16
1.4 Conversion table...............................................................................................17
2 X100................................................................................................................. 19
2.1 General .............................................................................................................19
• UAS ..............................................................................................................19
• Autonomous trajectory control......................................................................19
• Image acquisition .........................................................................................20
• GCS..............................................................................................................20
3 X100 parts........................................................................................................ 21
3.1 X100.................................................................................................................. 21
3.2 X100 body zones .............................................................................................. 22
3.3 X100construction .............................................................................................. 23
• Composition .................................................................................................23
• Load capability .............................................................................................23
2.0 — 4 — 12 October 2012
3.4 X100 body parts................................................................................................24
• eBox bay parts .............................................................................................26
• Elevon servo bay parts.................................................................................27
• Payload bay..................................................................................................28
• Pitot bay parts ..............................................................................................31
• Launcher slat parts....................................................................................... 33
3.5 Download cable ................................................................................................ 34
3.6 Check the X100 body........................................................................................ 34
3.7 Check the pitot tube..........................................................................................35
3.8 Check the wingtips............................................................................................36
3.9 Check the elevons and elevon servos .............................................................. 37
3.10 Check the elevon response .............................................................................. 37
4 Operating specifications................................................................................... 41
4.1 ISA conditions...................................................................................................41
• International Standard Atmosphere..............................................................41
• X100 conditions............................................................................................ 41
4.2 X100 specifications ........................................................................................... 42
• Power ........................................................................................................... 42
• Angles ..........................................................................................................42
• Altitudes........................................................................................................42
• Speeds ......................................................................................................... 43
• Dimensions...................................................................................................43
4.3 Gatewing modem specifications .......................................................................44
5 Operating limitations ........................................................................................ 45
5.1 Operating Limitations ........................................................................................ 45
• What .............................................................................................................45
• Overview ......................................................................................................45
5.2 Image acquisition limitations............................................................................. 46
• What .............................................................................................................46
• Overview ......................................................................................................46
2.0 — 5 — 12 October 2012
6 Flight behavior ................................................................................................. 47
6.1 Phases of a flight .............................................................................................. 47
6.2 Launch and take-off.......................................................................................... 47
• Launch.......................................................................................................... 47
• Take-off ........................................................................................................ 47
• Air pressure at launch ..................................................................................47
6.3 Climb.................................................................................................................48
6.4 Cruise flight.......................................................................................................48
• Crab angle.................................................................................................... 48
• Air pressure during cruise flight.................................................................... 49
6.5 Descent.............................................................................................................50
6.6 Landing .............................................................................................................50
• Landing circuit ..............................................................................................50
• Gliding number.............................................................................................51
• Air pressure during landing ..........................................................................51
• Landing above the launching elevation........................................................52
• Landing below the launching elevation ........................................................53
• Ground effect................................................................................................ 54
7 Camera ............................................................................................................ 55
7.1 Camera parts ....................................................................................................55
7.2 Camera specifications.......................................................................................56
7.3 Assemble the camera ....................................................................................... 57
7.4 Set up the camera............................................................................................. 57
• Set key addressing off.................................................................................. 57
• Set up auto power off ................................................................................... 57
8 eBox................................................................................................................. 59
8.1 eBox parts.........................................................................................................59
8.2 Mount an eBox in the X100............................................................................... 60
8.3 Remove an eBox from the X100....................................................................... 60
8.4 eBox modes...................................................................................................... 61
8.5 Put the X100 in STANDBY mode .....................................................................62
2.0 — 6 — 12 October 2012
8.6 Put the X100 in ON mode.................................................................................62
8.7 Put the X100 in ARMED mode ......................................................................... 63
8.8 Make the X100 return to STANDBY mode ....................................................... 64
8.9 Perform a POWER CYCLE on the X100 ..........................................................64
8.10 Put the X100 in DOWNLOAD mode ................................................................. 65
8.11 Put the X100 in OFF mode............................................................................... 65
8.12 Make the X100 exit ERROR mode ................................................................... 65
9 Antennas.......................................................................................................... 67
9.1 Antenna types...................................................................................................67
9.2 Screw the GPS antenna on the eBox ............................................................... 68
9.3 Screw the data link antenna on the eBox ......................................................... 68
10 Motor................................................................................................................ 71
10.1 Motor parts........................................................................................................71
• Motor details................................................................................................. 72
• Propeller details............................................................................................72
10.2 To check the propeller ...................................................................................... 72
10.3 To replace the propeller blades ........................................................................ 73
10.4 Check the position of the propeller blades........................................................74
11 Launcher .......................................................................................................... 75
11.1 X100 launcher...................................................................................................75
• Launch slide parts ........................................................................................ 76
• X100 launcher bag ....................................................................................... 77
11.2 Assemble the launcher ..................................................................................... 77
11.3 Disassemble the launcher.................................................................................82
11.4 Mount the X100 on the launcher.......................................................................85
11.5 Check the pitch and roll position of the X100.................................................... 88
11.6 Remove the safety pin from the launcher .........................................................89
11.7 Launch the X100...............................................................................................89
2.0 — 7 — 12 October 2012
12 Battery.............................................................................................................. 91
12.1 Battery parts...................................................................................................... 91
12.2 Battery specifications ........................................................................................92
12.3 Battery charger ................................................................................................. 92
• What .............................................................................................................92
• Operating manual......................................................................................... 92
12.4 Battery charger parts ........................................................................................93
12.5 Power on the battery charger............................................................................ 93
12.6 Battery charging parameters............................................................................. 94
• Default parameters....................................................................................... 94
• Change settings ...........................................................................................94
12.7 Charge a battery ............................................................................................... 94
12.8 Disconnect a charged battery ...........................................................................96
12.9 Mount a charged battery in the X100................................................................ 97
12.10 Remove a battery from the X100 ......................................................................98
13 Ground control station...................................................................................... 99
13.1 Ground control station (GCS) ...........................................................................99
13.2 Modem ............................................................................................................100
• Modem details............................................................................................101
13.3 Prepare the GCS for flight............................................................................... 101
14 Tracker........................................................................................................... 103
14.1 Tinyloc tracking system parts.......................................................................... 103
14.2 F22 transmitter specifications .........................................................................104
14.3 R1 receiver specifications ...............................................................................105
14.4 R1 receiver screen components ..................................................................... 106
14.5 Power on/off the F22 transmitter..................................................................... 107
14.6 Put an F22 transmitter in the X100 ................................................................. 107
• Tracking system ......................................................................................... 107
• Store an F22 transmitter in the memory of the R1 receiver .......................108
2.0 — 8 — 12 October 2012
14.7 Track down an X100.......................................................................................108
15 Virtual-GPS .................................................................................................... 111
15.1 What................................................................................................................ 111
15.2 Landing heading ............................................................................................. 111
15.3 Define a landing heading: first method ........................................................... 111
15.4 Define a landing heading: second method...................................................... 112
16 Quickfield ....................................................................................................... 113
16.1 What................................................................................................................ 113
16.2 Custom map.................................................................................................... 113
• What ........................................................................................................... 113
• When .......................................................................................................... 113
• Format ........................................................................................................ 113
• zip file ......................................................................................................... 114
• *.jpg or *.png file......................................................................................... 114
16.3 Project area..................................................................................................... 114
16.4 Scan area........................................................................................................ 114
16.5 Flight plan ....................................................................................................... 115
• What ........................................................................................................... 115
• Parameters................................................................................................. 115
16.6 Flight and scan lines ....................................................................................... 115
• Flight line.................................................................................................... 115
• Scan line..................................................................................................... 115
16.7 Create a project .............................................................................................. 116
16.8 Create a flight plan.......................................................................................... 117
• Scan area properties.................................................................................. 119
17 Horizon........................................................................................................... 121
17.1 What................................................................................................................ 121
17.2 User interface.................................................................................................. 121
17.3 Simulate a flight .............................................................................................. 121
2.0 — 9 — 12 October 2012
17.4 Establish a wireless link between the GCS and the X100 .............................. 122
• Wireless (RF) link between GCS and X100 ...............................................123
17.5 Upload the flight plan to the X100................................................................... 124
17.6 Reset the airspeed sensor.............................................................................. 125
17.7 Check the airspeed sensor response .............................................................126
17.8 Monitor the X100 autopilot initialization .......................................................... 127
• GPS field .................................................................................................... 128
• READY field ............................................................................................... 128
17.9 Monitor the battery voltage of the X100..........................................................129
• MPBat field ................................................................................................. 129
17.10 Arm the GCS................................................................................................... 129
17.11 Monitor the flight ............................................................................................. 130
17.12 Monitor the landing ......................................................................................... 131
17.13 End a flight......................................................................................................131
18 Datalog Viewer............................................................................................... 133
18.1 What................................................................................................................ 133
18.2 Download the log files..................................................................................... 133
18.3 Collect and save the log files ..........................................................................134
19 Prepare for flight ............................................................................................ 137
19.1 Operational planning.......................................................................................137
• Check your flight permission ...................................................................... 137
• Check the weather ..................................................................................... 137
• Check the site............................................................................................. 137
• Check the pilot and equipment................................................................... 142
• Know your safe operating envelope ........................................................... 142
2.0 — 10 — 12 October 2012
19.2 Checks and preparations ................................................................................143
• Check the elevon response........................................................................ 143
• Check the X100 body................................................................................. 145
• Check the pitot tube ................................................................................... 145
• Check the wingtips ..................................................................................... 146
• Check the elevons and elevon servos........................................................147
• To check the propeller................................................................................ 147
• Mount an eBox in the X100 ........................................................................ 148
• Prepare the GCS for flight.......................................................................... 148
19.3 Monitoring .......................................................................................................150
• Monitor the X100 autopilot initialization...................................................... 150
• Monitor the battery voltage of the X100 ..................................................... 150
19.4 Flight plan ....................................................................................................... 151
• Create a project.......................................................................................... 151
• Create a flight plan ..................................................................................... 153
• Simulate a flight.......................................................................................... 155
• Screw the data link antenna on the eBox...................................................156
• Mount a charged battery in the X100 ......................................................... 157
• Upload the flight plan to the X100 .............................................................. 158
19.5 Preparation of the X100 for launch ................................................................. 159
• Establish a wireless link between the GCS and the X100.......................... 159
• Screw the GPS antenna on the eBox......................................................... 160
• Prepare the camera settings for flight ........................................................161
• Mount the camera in the aircraft................................................................. 163
• Put an F22 transmitter in the X100.............................................................163
• Seal the payload bay with the top cover..................................................... 165
19.6 Launch ............................................................................................................165
• Assemble the launcher............................................................................... 165
• Mount the X100 on the launcher ................................................................ 170
• Check the pitch and roll position of the X100............................................. 173
• Check the position of the propeller blades .................................................174
• Cover the pitot tube.................................................................................... 174
• Reset the airspeed sensor ......................................................................... 175
• Remove the pitot cover .............................................................................. 176
• Check the airspeed sensor response......................................................... 176
•
Arm the GCS .............................................................................................. 177
• Remove the safety pin from the launcher...................................................177
• Be ready for departure ............................................................................... 177
• Launch the X100 ........................................................................................ 178
2.0 — 11 — 12 October 2012
20 During flight.................................................................................................... 179
20.1 Safety measures.............................................................................................179
• Safety measures for take-off ...................................................................... 179
• Safety measures for cruise flight ................................................................ 179
• Safety measures for descent and landing.................................................. 179
20.2 Monitor the flight ............................................................................................. 180
20.3 Monitor the landing ......................................................................................... 180
21 After the flight ................................................................................................. 183
21.1 Log files........................................................................................................... 183
• End a flight .................................................................................................183
• Download the log files ................................................................................183
• Collect and save the log files...................................................................... 185
21.2 Pictures...........................................................................................................185
• Remove the camera from the aircraft......................................................... 185
• Check the pictures on the camera..............................................................186
21.3 Clearing the site.............................................................................................. 186
• Remove a battery from the X100 ............................................................... 186
• Remove an eBox from the X100 ................................................................ 186
• Disassemble the launcher ..........................................................................187
22 Safety............................................................................................................. 191
22.1 Definitions .......................................................................................................191
• Above ground level.....................................................................................191
• HALP .......................................................................................................... 191
• Zone of operation ....................................................................................... 191
• A crash ....................................................................................................... 191
22.2 Obstacle clearances ....................................................................................... 192
• Definition ....................................................................................................192
• Obstacles ................................................................................................... 192
• Obstacle clearances for take-off................................................................. 192
• Obstacle clearances for cruise flight .......................................................... 193
• Obstacle clearances for descent................................................................194
• Obstacle clearances for landing.................................................................194
• Obstacle clearances in French airspace ....................................................196
2.0 — 12 — 12 October 2012
23 In case of ....................................................................................................... 197
23.1 Failsafes.......................................................................................................... 197
• Fail-safe mechanisms ................................................................................197
• Handle a low battery warning before launch .............................................. 197
• Handle loss of GPS lock before launch...................................................... 198
• Handle a communication link failure before launch.................................... 198
• Handle a fatal error before launch..............................................................198
• Handle a low battery warning during flight ................................................. 198
• Handle a low battery warning during flight (9.6 V)...................................... 199
• Handle a communication link failure during flight .......................................199
• Handle loss of GPS lock during flight ......................................................... 200
• Handle a fatal error during flight ................................................................. 200
• Handle a motor failure during flight ...........................................................200
• Handle undershoot in the final leg of the landing ....................................... 200
• Handle overshoot in the final leg of the landing ......................................... 200
23.2 Emergencies...................................................................................................201
• Emergency scenarios................................................................................. 201
• FTS command............................................................................................ 201
• HOLD command.........................................................................................201
• HOME command........................................................................................ 202
• LAND command ......................................................................................... 202
• GS_UP(S) command.................................................................................. 203
• Obstacles during takeoff ........................................................................... 203
• Aircraft in ZoO not intending to cross the scan area ................................. 203
• Aircraft in ZoO converging to the X100 .....................................................203
• Aircraft in ZoO diverging from the X100 ................................................... 204
• Aircraft in ZoO intercepting the X100 .........................................................204
• Aircraft in ZoO approaching the X100 head-on......................................... 204
• Aircraft in ZoO intending to land................................................................. 204
• Other objects during flight ..........................................................................205
• Obstacles during landing............................................................................ 205
23.3 A crash............................................................................................................205
• Definition ....................................................................................................205
• Exceptions.................................................................................................. 205
• Act in case of a crash ................................................................................. 205
• Track down an X100 .............................................
..................................... 206
23.4 Sudden weather changes ...............................................................................207
2.0 — 13 — 12 October 2012
24 Maintenance .................................................................................................. 209
24.1 Update the Autopilot settings file ....................................................................209
2.0 — 14 — 12 October 2012
2.0 — 15 — 12 October 2012
1
TERMS AND CONVENTIONS
1.1 Copyright
(c) Gatewing
The material contained in this document is confidential and intended for use only by parties
authorised by Gatewing. All Rights Reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied,
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means whether,
electronic, mechanical, or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gatewing.
Gatewing NV
Ottergemsesteenweg 439/11, B9000 Gent
Belgium
TEL: +3293350515
FAX: +32 9 335 88 03
www.gatewing.com
mail: documentation@gatewing.com
1.2 Notation of numbers
Numbers are expressed in Arabic numbers. Decimals are expressed with commas.
1000.05 = one thousand and five hundredths
2.0 — 16 — 12 October 2012
Terms and conventions
Units
1.3 Units
1.3.1 General
The following general units are used by Gatewing according to SI:
1.3.2 Aviation
The following table gives an overview of the general aviation units according to ICAO and
those used by Gatewing.
Dimension SI unit Alternative unit Gatewing
Pressure hectopascal
(hPa)
inHg hPa
Weight kilogram (kg) pound (lbs) kg
Moment (force) Newton meter
(Nm)
Nm
Temperature Kelvin (K) degree Celsius
(°C)
degree
Fahrenheit (°F)
°C
Distance meter (m) feet (ft) m
Dimension ICAO Alternative Gatewing
Wind speed knot (kt) km/h km/h
Wind direction 360 degree (°) 400 degree (°) 360 °
Horizontal visibility meter (m) Statute Mile
(SM)
m
Horizontal distance Nautical Mile
(NM)
Statute Mile
(SM)
meter (m)
m
Vertical distance feet (ft) meter (m) m
2.0 — 17 — 12 October 2012
Terms and conventions
Conversion table
1.4 Conversion table
You can use the following conversion table:
1 kg 2.2 lb 1 lb 0.45 kg
x K (x - 273.15) °C x °C (x + 273.15) K
1 NM 1.852 km 1 km 0.54 NM
1 SM 1.609 km 1 km 0.6215 SM
1 ft 0.3 m 1 m 3.28 ft
1 kt 1.852 km/h 1 km/h 0.54 kt
1 atmosphere 1013 hPa
2.0 — 18 — 12 October 2012
Terms and conventions
Conversion table
2.0 — 19 — 12 October 2012
2
X100
2.1 General
2.1.1 UAS
What
Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) is a generic term. It describes an aircraft and its associated
elements which are operated with no pilot on board:
● Remotely-piloted Aircraft (RPA)
● Remotely-piloted Aircraft System (RPAS)
● Drones
Elements as referred to by ICAO
A typical RPAS consists of the following elements:
● Remotely-Piloted Aircraft (RPA)
● Ground Control System (GCS)
● The remote pilot
● Other related support equipment, e.g. launcher
2.1.2 Autonomous trajectory control
What
The aircraft follows a preprogrammed path where take-off, flight and landing require minimal
human intervention.
High-level commands, human activated or automatically activated in case of failure, may interrupt the planned flight and will activate a preprogrammed pattern, e.g. landing, flight termination, ...
2.0 — 20 — 12 October 2012
X100
General
2.1.3 Image acquisition
What
All pictures are acquired at a specified height, along parallel lines with specified overlap
between the image exposures. At the same time, position information of the pictures is
recorded for further processing.
Applications
Image acquisition can be used for:
● Ortophoto creation
● Digital Elevation Model (DEM) or Digital Surface Model (DSM)
● Photogrammetry
2.1.4 GCS
What
A Ground Control Station (GCS) is a land- or sea-based control center that provides the facilities for human control of remotely-piloted aircrafts in the air or in space.
X100
You can control the X100 with the Trimble tablet PC GCS. Although the X100 is automatic, you
need the GCS to manage the aircraft before, during and after the flight. The GCS also has a
modem attached to its back to establish wireless communication with the aircraft.
2.0 — 21 — 12 October 2012
3
X100 PARTS
3.1 X100
The X100 case contains the following items:
Entry Part
A X100 body
B Download cable
C Spare parts
D Modem and antenna
2.0 — 22 — 12 October 2012
X100 parts
X100 body zones
3.2 X100 body zones
The body of the X100 consists of the following zones:
E Ground control station
F Checklist
G Batteries
H Battery charger
Entry Part
Entry Zone
A Tail
B Wing
C Wingtip
D Nose
2.0 — 23 — 12 October 2012
X100 parts
X100construction
3.3 X100construction
X100 materials
3.3.1 Composition
The main wing material is EPP foam that is supported with a carbon-frame structure that is
placed inside the mold during production of the foam wing. It is a mono-wing. The part is
produced by a supplier specialized in making EPP foam parts. The frame inside the wing
ensures that wing deformation due to torsion or bending forces are minimal. The frame and
tape on the wing also greatly limits the occurrence of fractures of the EPP (e.g. after landing)
and their impact on structural integrity. Small fractures can occur occasionally as EPP is
exceptionally resilient in coping with pressure forces but less in coping with pull forces. The
wing vertical fins and elevons are carbon parts (made by suppliers using jet cutting and hand
layup respectively). The motor housing and many other parts are molded or printed plastics.
3.3.2 Load capability
The wing has been designed to withstand a 15 g launch acceleration (experimentally tested),
wing handling forces and landing impacts (both from experience learned during hundreds of
flights) that are a multiple of inflight flight loads. This is achieved by having an EPP structure
with an internal carbon frame and rigid, carbon elevonds. Actual flight loads are limited by a
commanded bank angle limitation (of 30 degrees), which corresponds to a load factor 1.2 and
early tests with much higher load factors did not show any structural issue.
Regarding flutter: During the +2000 flights, no aeroelastic instabilities were observed. Due to
the relative high stiffness of the wing (internal carbon frame) in comparison to the mass of the
wing itself (EPP structure) and the low inertia forces of the wing in comparison to the aerodynamic forces, flutter has no chance to occur. Besides this, it should be noted that the EPP
structure dampens any bending motion.
E Leading edge of the wing
F Trailing edge of the wing
Entry Zone
2.0 — 24 — 12 October 2012
X100 parts
X100 body parts
3.4 X100 body parts
The X100 body consists of the following parts:
Entry Part
A Elevons
B eBox bay
2.0 — 25 — 12 October 2012
X100 parts
X100 body parts
C Payload bay
D Motor
E Pitot bay
F Camera hole
G Launcher slat
H Elevon servo bay
Entry Part
2.0 — 26 — 12 October 2012
X100 parts
X100 body parts
3.4.1 eBox bay parts
The eBox bay on the X100 body consists of the following parts:
Entry Part
A Motor cables (power and control)
B Pressure tube
C eBox connector
2.0 — 27 — 12 October 2012
X100 parts
X100 body parts
3.4.2 Elevon servo bay parts
The elevon servo bay on the X100 body consists of the following parts:
D Front eBox screw
E Rear eBox screw
Entry Part
2.0 — 28 — 12 October 2012
X100 parts
X100 body parts
Servo details
3.4.3 Payload bay
The payload bay on the X100 body consists of the following parts:
Entry Part
A Elevon servo fix with two screws
B Servo rod
C Servo bay top cover (servo connector inside)
Specification Value
manufacturer HF
type
2.0 — 29 — 12 October 2012
X100 parts
X100 body parts
Top cover
The payload bay is sealed with a top cover that can be secured with a plastic screw (A).
Entry Part
A USB camera wire with USB camera connector
B Download connector
C Battery connector
D Registration plate
E Payload bay screw
F Camera compartment
G Camera hole
2.0 — 30 — 12 October 2012
X100 parts
X100 body parts
Seal the payload bay with the top cover
P
REREQUISITES
● X100 body
● Top cover with plastic screw
● Flat-bladed screwdriver
1 Make sure no connectors or cables are hanging over the edge of the payload bay.
2 Place the top cover on the payload bay of the X100 body.
3 Using the flat-bladed screwdriver, secure the top cover with the plastic screw.
C
AUTION: Tighten it hand-tight, do not overstrain.
2.0 — 31 — 12 October 2012
X100 parts
X100 body parts
3.4.4 Pitot bay parts
The pitot bay of the X100 body consists of the following parts:
Cover the pitot tube
P
REREQUISITES
● X100 body
● Pitot cover
The pitot tube needs to be covered when:
● The X100 is in its case
● The X100 is on the dock, before the airspeed is being reset
Entry Part
A Pitot clamp
B Pitot tube
C Pitot cover
2.0 — 32 — 12 October 2012
X100 parts
X100 body parts
● The airspeed is being reset in preparation of a flight
1 Cover the pitot tube with the pitot cover.
Remove the pitot cover
P
REREQUISITES
● X100 body
The pitot cover needs to be removed from the pitot tube before flight.
D
ANGER: Not removing the pitot cover will result in a crash when launching the X100.
1. Remove the pitot cover from the pitot tube.
R
ESULT
:
The pitot tube is clear an can be used to measure the airspeed.
2.0 — 33 — 12 October 2012
X100 parts
X100 body parts
3.4.5 Launcher slat parts
The launcher slat on the X100 body consists of the following parts:
Entry Part
A Slat
B Wing lock
2.0 — 34 — 12 October 2012
X100 parts
Download cable
3.5 Download cable
The download cable is used to download the log files from the X100 to the GCS. It consists of
the following parts:
3.6 Check the X100 body
P
REREQUISITES
● Soft brush and water
● Repairing materials prescribed by Gatewing
Entry Part
A Serial connector
B X100 connector
2.0 — 35 — 12 October 2012
X100 parts
Check the pitot tube
The body of the X100 must be clean. Dirt and gravel on the body will decrease the lift and
increase the drag during flight. Damage to the body might lead to failure as well.
1 Clean the body with water and a soft brush.
C
AUTION: Do not use high water pressure or a steel brush to clean the body.
2 Check the body for cracks and repair them as prescribed by Gatewing. When in doubt,
contact Gatewing or your local dealer.
C
AUTION: Make sure the surface of the body is smooth after repairing the crack.
Changing the shape of the body changes the aerodynamics of the aircraft.
3.7 Check the pitot tube
The pitot tube must be in perfect condition as it is used during flight by the X100 to measure
the total air pressure.
1 Remove the pitot clamp.
2 Remove the pitot tube from the silicon tube in the X100 body.
3 Make sure the tube is not bent or broken.
2.0 — 36 — 12 October 2012
X100 parts
Check the wingtips
4 Blow into the tube to check if nothing is blocking it.
3.8 Check the wingtips
P
REREQUISITES
● Screwdriver torx T10
The wingtips must be firmly attached to the X100 body to prevent roll stability problems (wingtip
vortices).
1 Make sure the wingtips are intact.
2 Make sure each wingtip is firmly attached with two screws to the X100 body.
2.0 — 37 — 12 October 2012
X100 parts
Check the elevons and elevon servos
3.9 Check the elevons and elevon servos
If the elevon servos do not work correctly, the X100 will not be able to steer correctly, which
will result in a crash.
1 Make sure the elevons are not damaged or bent.
2 Check the elevon servo's by carefully moving the elevons from a upward position to a
downward position, checking for any irregularities like glitches or cracks.
3 Check if the elevon rods are still well connected to the elevon servo and elevon servo fix
4 Check if the servo nuts are still tightened.
3.10 Check the elevon response
P
REREQUISITES
● GCS with Gatewing Horizon artificial horizon indicator
● Wireless link between GCS and X100 (LINK field green)
If the elevons are not responding correctly, the X100 will not be able to steer correctly, which
will result in a crash.
1 Hold the X100 in the following positions and check these positions on the artificial horizon
indicator in Horizon.
2.0 — 38 — 12 October 2012
X100 parts
Check the elevon response
Position Figure Position elevons
Level Both elevons are level.
Pitch up Both elevons will go
down.
Pitch down Both elevons will go up
2.0 — 39 — 12 October 2012
X100 parts
Check the elevon response
2 Check if the elevons are moving up and down regarding the roll position
Roll left The left elevon will go
up, the right elevon will
go down.
Roll right The left elevon will go
down, the right elevon
will go up.
Position Figure Position elevons
2.0 — 40 — 12 October 2012
X100 parts
Check the elevon response
2.0 — 41 — 12 October 2012
4
OPERATING SPECIFICATIONS
4.1 ISA conditions
4.1.1 International Standard Atmosphere
All operating specifications of the X100 are determined using the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) conditions.
Established in 1976, the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) is a mathematical description of a theoretical column of air.
See ISA conditions for more information.
4.1.2 X100 conditions
The ISA conditions used to determine the X100 specifications are:
Specification Value
Humidity 0 %
Air pressure 1013.25 hPa (760 mm Hg)
Temperature 15 °C (59 F)
Air density 1.225 kg/m³
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Operating specifications
X100 specifications
4.2 X100 specifications
4.2.1 Power
The X100 has the following power specifications:
4.2.2 Angles
The X100 has the following angle specifications:
4.2.3 Altitudes
The X100 has the following altitude specifications:
Specification Value
Battery type Lithium-polymer 11.1 V 8000 mAh
Optimal battery usage time 40 minutes (ISA)
Specification Value
Launch angle 24 °
Minimum take-off angle 8 °
Angle of attack 6 °
Gliding angle 7.125 °
Gliding number 1/8
Specification Value (according ISA)
Minimum flight height 100 m AGL (328 ft AGL)
Maximum flight height 750 m AGL (2460 ft AGL)
Cruise height 150 m AGL (492 ft AGL)
Maximum operational ceiling 2500 m AMSL (8202.075 ft AMSL)
Maximum launch elevation 2000m AMSL (6561.66 ft AMSL)
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Operating specifications
X100 specifications
4.2.4 Speeds
The X100 has the following speed specifications:
N
OTE: All speeds are Indicated AirSpeeds (IAS).
4.2.5 Dimensions
The X100 has the following dimensions:
N
OTE: MTOW is equal to Max Ramp Weight (MRW) and Maximum Landing Mass (MLM) as
the payload and fuel do not change during flight.
C
AUTION: Any deviation leading to a different MTOW must be approved by Gatewing.
Specification Value
Launcher speed V
R
60 km/h (32.4 kt or 37.3 SM/h) at 16 Nm
launcher force
Cruise speed 80 km/h (43.2 kt or 49.8 SM/h)
Maximum speed V
MO
110 km/h (60 kt or 68.3 SM/h)
Landing speed 60 km/h (32.4 kt or 37.3 SM/h)
Stall speed 45 km/h (24.3 kt or 28 SM/h)
Specification Value
Maximum Take-Off Weight (MTOW) 2.0 kg (4.4 lbs)
Wingspan 100 cm (39.37 in)
Wing Surface 2300 cm² (356.5 in²)
Width 60 cm (23.62 in)
Height 10 cm (3.94 in)
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Operating specifications
Gatewing modem specifications
4.3 Gatewing modem specifications
The Gatewing modem has the following specifications:
Specification Value
Maximum range 5 km (2.7 NM or 3.1 SM)
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5
OPERATING LIMITATIONS
5.1 Operating Limitations
Limitations which are not limited by the application result but by the system.
5.1.1 What
The X100 is limited by the forces of nature. Regardless of the picture quality, the X100 has an
operational envelope for which no flight may be undertaken or continued. The remote pilot
should abort the mission.
5.1.2 Overview
Gatewing determined the following conditions as maximal flight conditions:
Condition Maxima
Time Between sunrise and sunset
Distance from clouds Clear of clouds and in sight of the surface
Flight visibility 5000 m (3.1 SM)
Operator-UAS visibility Visual Line of Sight (VLOS)
Precipitation avoid hail, snow and heavy showers
Maximal Head wind 65 km/h (40mph)
Maximal Cross wind 65 km/h (40mph)
Gusts 10km/h (6.2mph)
Turbulence Turbulence to be avoided at all times
Temperature -15 °C to + 55 °C (5 °F to 131 °F)
Maximal launching altitude 2000m AMSL
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Operating limitations
Image acquisition limitations
CAUTION: Gatewing wil not guarantee any warranty when flying beyond the conditions as
described above.
5.2 Image acquisition limitations
5.2.1 What
As with all aircraft, the X100 is subjected to the forces of nature. Although the aircraft itself can
cope with heavy weather conditions, the main issue besides safety is the quality of the pictures.
5.2.2 Overview
Gatewing determined the following weather maxima to ensure a good picture quality during
acquisition:
C
AUTION: Gatewing can not guarantee a good picture quality when flying in conditions beyond
those described above.
Maximal altitude 2500m AMSL
Maximum Endurance (ISA-conditions at
sea level)
40min
Condition Maxima
Condition Maxima
Cloud ceiling 3000ft AGL
Precipitation None
Wind 50 km/h
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6
FLIGHT BEHAVIOR
6.1 Phases of a flight
A typical flight consists of the following phases:
● Launch and take-off
● Climb
● Cruise flight
● Descent
● Landing
6.2 Launch and take-off
6.2.1 Launch
An aircraft is always launched into the wind or into the opposite direction of the wind to ensure
maximum airspeed during take-off. During a proper launch, the aircraft detects the acceleration and starts its engine, generating thrust.
6.2.2 Take-off
The aircraft must gain maximum airspeed during take-off to acquire maximum lift.
6.2.3 Air pressure at launch
When resetting the airspeed before launching the aircraft, the current static air pressure is
used as reference to calculate the heights and airspeeds during flight. This means that this
reference is 0 m AGL.
C
AUTION: It is important to reset the airspeed before the launch of the X100 to ensure correct
calculations and prevent crashes or unwanted behavior of the aircraft.
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Flight behavior
Climb
6.3 Climb
The X100 first flies horizontally. In the next phase, it climbs up.
C
AUTION: Make sure that:
● There are no obstacles on the path of the aircraft
● There is enough horizontal and vertical space available for the turn from 75m AGL to the
preferred height
6.4 Cruise flight
Once the aircraft passed its first waypoint, the second waypoint is initiated. From now on, the
aircraft will follow the preprogrammed flight path.
Ideally, the flight must be programmed to have a 90° angle between the route and the wind
direction (crab angle). This way, the X100 will:
● Fly a stable course along the flight path
● Be well positioned to take pictures
● Use less battery energy to make turns
When flying with crosswinds above 50 km/h (6 bft), the aircraft has a crab angle above 30 °
which will result in an unstable flight. This has the following consequences for the image acquisition:
● Reduced picture quality
● Overlap not optimal due to constant pitch corrections
6.4.1 Crab angle
When flying with crosswind, an aircraft will put its nose in the wind as much as possible to keep
flying along the flight path. The crab angle is the angle between the nose of the aircraft
(=coarse) and the flight path (=route).
Flight path with frontal wind and crosswind
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Flight behavior
Cruise flight
6.4.2 Air pressure during cruise flight
Pressure drop
If the air pressure drops during cruise flight, the pictures will have a different size (offset). The
altimeter is set by a given reference and follows that reference. If the reference line has
changed compared to its true height, the actual height of the aircraft will be lower but this will
not be shown on the altimeter. No new results are put in.
C
AUTION: Mind the 25 m vertical separation when there is a high risk of air pressure drops.
Pressure rise
If the air pressure suddenly rises during cruise flight, the X100 will climb in height.
Sudden air pressure drops
The air pressure can drop suddenly:
● When there are big differences in temperature on a very short distance
● After a local thunderstorm
● When a cold or warm front is passing through
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Flight behavior
Descent
6.5 Descent
Once passed the last waypoint, the aircraft will fly to its landing zone. Once above this zone,
the aircraft will start spiraling down to 75 m AGL with a 150 m radius. From this moment on the
procedure for landing is initiated.
6.6 Landing
6.6.1 Landing circuit
Once the landing is initiated, the aircraft follows either a left hand circuit or a right hand circuit:
● Left hand circuit: The aircraft turns to base, with a final turn to the left.
● Right hand circuit: The aircraft turns to base, with a final turn to the right.
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Flight behavior
Landing
6.6.2 Gliding number
The X100 has a gliding number of 1/8. This means that, from an altitude of 100 m, the aircraft
will fly a distance of 800 m holding an angle of 7.125 ° before touching ground. The gliding
number is defined in ideal conditions (ISA, no wind).
N
OTE: During final the aircraft will always aim for the landing point. Once the aircraft passed
the point or the level (under or overshoot), it will continue in glide phase.
6.6.3 Air pressure during landing
Pressure drop
If the air pressure drops during the whole flight, the pictures will have a different size (offset).
The altimeter is set by a given reference and follows that reference. If the reference line has
changed compared to its true height, the actual height of the aircraft will be lower but this will
not be shown on the altimeter. No new results are put in.
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Flight behavior
Landing
Pressure rise
If the air pressure suddenly increases during the flight, the X100 will assume its landing point
is located x m above the defined landing point. There will be an overshoot landing.
6.6.4 Landing above the launching elevation
If you define a landing point located higher than the launching elevation, the X100 assumes its
landing point located on the zero elevation, as seen from the initialization point (airspeed
reset), while the defined point is on an elevation of x m. above the zero elevation. There will be
an undershoot landing.
Elevation difference between launch and
landing location
Consequences
< 10 m above the launching point
• The X100 will have flared already.
• Landing might be hard.
• Damage to the X100 will be minimal.
> 10 m above the launching point
• Crash is imminent.
• The X100 will be damaged.
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Flight behavior
Landing
NOTE: We assume equal pressure during the flight.
Example of landing point located above the launching elevation
If the landing point is located 10 m above the launching elevation, the X100 will have an undershoot of approximately 80 m during landing.
6.6.5 Landing below the launching elevation
If you define a landing point located lower than the launching elevation, the X100 assumes its
landing point is located on the zero elevation while the desired landing point is located x m
below the zero elevation. There will be overshoot and because the aircraft starts to flare at 10
m above the launching point, it will stall and crash.
N
OTE: We assume equal pressure during the flight.
Example of landing point located below the launching elevation
If the landing point is located 10 m below the launching elevation, the X100 will have an overshoot of approximately 80 m during landing.
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Flight behavior
Landing
6.6.6 Ground effect
When an aircraft is flying at a height that is approximately the same distance as its wingspan,
there is often a noticeable ground effect. This is caused primarily by the ground interrupting the
wingtip vortices behind the wing. With the wings close to the ground, wingtip vortices are
unable to form effectively due to the obstruction of the ground. This results in lower induced
drag, which increases the speed and lift of the aircraft.
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7
CAMERA
7.1 Camera parts
The Ricoh camera consists of the following parts:
A
D
E
B
F
G
IH
C
H
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Camera
Camera specifications
7.2 Camera specifications
The Ricoh camera has the following specifications:
Entry Part
A Mode dial
B Up-down dial
C Ring cap
D GH-2 adaptor for general purposes
E UV filter (43 mm diameter)
F MENU/OK button
GADJ. lever
H DISP. button
Specification Value
Effective pixels 10 million
Image sensor 1/1.7"
Focal length 6.0 mm
F-aperture 1.9-9
Shutter speed 1/2000 max
ISO sensitivity 80-3200
Display 3.0" LCD
Dimensions 108.6 x 59.8 x 32.5 mm
Weight 190 g
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Camera
Assemble the camera
7.3 Assemble the camera
P
REREQUISITES
● Ricoh camera
● Clean UV filter (diameter 43 mm)
● GH-2 adaptor for general purposes
● Empty SD card (8 GB)
● Charged Li-ion rechargeable battery (3.7 V-1250 mAh)
You have to assemble the camera before you can use it for a flight.
1 Make sure the camera is switched off.
2 Rotate the ring cap counterclockwise and remove it from the body.
3 Rotate the adaptor clockwise onto the Ricoh camera until it clicks.
4 Screw the clean UV filter clockwise onto the adaptor.
5 Slide the empty SD card into the SD card slot of the Ricoh camera.
6 Insert the charged battery in the battery compartment of the Ricoh camera.
7.4 Set up the camera
When you receive the Ricoh camera, it is already set up by Gatewing. If you have reset the
camera, please set the following parameters:
● Set key addressing off
● Set up auto power off
7.4.1 Set key addressing off
1 Press the MENU/OK button to enter the menu.
2 Select Key Custom Options by pressing left and down.
3 Press down three times to select My Settings for Fn Settings.
4 Press right once to see the possible values.
5 Select Off.
6 Press the MENU/OK button to confirm.
7.4.2 Set up auto power off
1 Press the MENU/OK button to enter the menu.
2 Select Setup Menu by pressing left and down.
3 Press down five times to select Auto Power Off.
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Camera
Set up the camera
4 Press right once to see the possible values.
5 Select 1 minute.
6 Press the MENU/OK button to confirm.
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8
EBOX
8.1 eBox parts
The eBox consists of the following parts:
A B C
E D
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eBox
Mount an eBox in the X100
8.2 Mount an eBox in the X100
P
REREQUISITES
● X100 body
● eBox
● Ratcheting screwdriver
● 2 nylon screws
The eBox must be mounted correctly in the body of the X100.
1 Connect the pressure connector of the eBox to the pressure tube.
2 Plug the eBox onto the eBox connector in the eBox bay.
3 Using the screwdriver, secure the eBox with the two screws.
8.3 Remove an eBox from the X100
P
REREQUISITES
● X100 with mounted eBox
● Ratcheting screwdriver
The eBox must be removed correctly from the X100.
1 Remove the two screws securing the eBox in the eBox bay.
2 Unplug the eBox from the eBox connector.
3 Disconnect the pressure connector from the pressure tube.
Entry Part
A RF connector
B
• Green ON LED
• CONTROL button
•Red READY LED
C GPS connector
D Pressure connector
E eBox connector
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eBox
eBox modes
8.4 eBox modes
The X100 (eBox) can be in one of the following modes:
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eBox
Put the X100 in STANDBY mode
8.5 Put the X100 in STANDBY mode
P
REREQUISITES
● Fully charged battery
● X100 prepared for flight with eBox in OFF mode
The X100 is in OFF mode when the battery is not connected. None of the LEDs on the eBox
are lit.
1. Connect the main power connector of the battery to the X100.
R
ESULT
:
The X100 is in STANDBY mode. On the eBox, the READY LED is blinking.
8.6 Put the X100 in ON mode
P
REREQUISITES
● X100 prepared for flight with eBox in STANDBY mode
● Fixed GPS position
● Radio link between GCS and X100
Mode Description
OFF The battery is not connected.
STANDBY The battery is connected.
ON The sensors and general settings are initialized.
ARMED The aircraft is ready for launch.
DOWNLOAD The data from the camera in the aircraft can be downloaded.
ERROR An error occurred.
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eBox
Put the X100 in ARMED mode
The X100 fully initializes when put in ON mode. During a full initialization the X100 performs
the following actions:
● Acquire a new GPS lock.
● Check the elevons and put them in zero position.
● Initialize the internal sensors (airspeed sensor, accelerometers, altitude pressure sensor,
gyros, ...) of the eBox.
● Download the flight plan to your GCS (Horizon).
1 Hold down the CONTROL button until the ON LED has flashed twice. The X100 starts a
full initialization.
● The initialization of the X100 takes about 25 seconds. In its final steps the aircraft will
move its elevons up and down once.
● Make sure the X100 does not move during initialization.
R
ESULT
:
The X100 is in ON mode. On the eBox, the READY LED is lit and the ON LED is blinking.
8.7 Put the X100 in ARMED mode
P
REREQUISITES
● X100 prepared for flight with eBox in ON mode
To prepare the X100 for launch, it must be put in ARMED mode.
You can only go to ARMED
mode once per powered cycle.
1. Hold down the CONTROL button until the ON LED has flashed twice.
R
ESULT
:
The X100 is in ARMED mode. On the eBox, the READY and ON LED are lit and the ESC
produces an audible confirmation.
C
AUTION: The X100 is in ARMED mode when the LEDs are lit and the audible confirmation is
produced.
W
ARNING: The aircraft is now armed and must be handled with precaution. When the
following conditions are met, the motor will start:
● Measure an airspeed of 30 km/h or more during four seconds
● Detect acceleration
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eBox
Make the X100 return to STANDBY mode
8.8 Make the X100 return to STANDBY mode
P
REREQUISITES
● X100 prepared for flight with eBox in ON, ARMED or DOWNLOAD mode
Gatewing advises to make the X100 return to STANDBY mode when:
● The flight is interrupted
● The flight is delayed
● The data is downloaded
1. Hold down the CONTROL button until the ON LED has flashed three times.
R
ESULT
:
The X100 is in STANDBY mode. On the eBox, the READY LED is blinking.
8.9 Perform a POWER CYCLE on the X100
P
REREQUISITES
● X100 prepared for flight with eBox in ON mode
● Fixed GPS position
● Radio link between GCS and X100
Sometimes it is necessary to reinitialize the X100, e.g. when the airspeed sensor has been
reset. During a POWER CYCLE, the X100 performs the following actions:
● Acquire a new GPS lock.
● Check the elevons and put them in zero position.
● Initialize the internal sensors (airspeed sensor, accelerometers, altitude pressure sensor,
gyros, ...) of the eBox.
● Download the flight plan to your GCS (Horizon).
1 Hold down the CONTROL button until the ON LED has flashed once. The X100 starts a
full reinitialization.
● The initialization of the X100 takes about 25 seconds. In its final steps the aircraft will
move its elevons up and down once.
● Make sure the X100 does not move during initialization.
R
ESULT
:
The X100 has fully reinitialized and is back in ON mode. On the eBox, the READY LED is lit
and the ON LED is blinking.
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eBox
Put the X100 in DOWNLOAD mode
8.10 Put the X100 in DOWNLOAD mode
P
REREQUISITES
● X100 with eBox in STANDBY mode and GPS antenna removed
To download the data from the camera, the X100 must be put in DOWNLOAD mode.
1. Hold down the CONTROL button until the ON LED has flashed three times.
R
ESULT
:
The X100 is in DOWNLOAD mode. On the eBox, the ON LED is blinking.
8.11 Put the X100 in OFF mode
P
REREQUISITES
● X100 with eBox in STANDBY or DOWNLOAD mode
The STANDBY and DOWNLOAD mode are the only two valid modes to put the aircraft in OFF
mode. Doing this starting from the ON or ARMED mode will result in an error when re-initializing the X100.
1. Disconnect the eBox from the battery.
R
ESULT
:
The X100 is in OFF mode. On the eBox, no LEDs are lit.
8.12 Make the X100 exit ERROR mode
P
REREQUISITES
● X100 with eBox in ERROR mode
When the X100 is in ERROR mode, this is indicated by one of the following:
● ON and READY LED blinking
● Audible error signal
To make the aircraft exit this mode and clear all settings, the X100 must be reset and put in
OFF mode.
1 Hold down the CONTROL button until the ON LED has flashed three times.
2 Disconnect the main power connector of the battery from the X100.
R
ESULT
:
The X100 is in OFF mode. On the eBox, no LEDs are lit.
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eBox
Make the X100 exit ERROR mode
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9
ANTENNAS
9.1 Antenna types
The following antennas are screwed on the eBox:
Entry Type
A Data link antenna
B GPS antenna
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Antennas
Screw the GPS antenna on the eBox
9.2 Screw the GPS antenna on the eBox
P
REREQUISITES
● GPS antenna
● eBox
The GPS antenna needs to be screwed onto the eBox to ensure a locked GPS signal of the
X100.
1 Screw the GPS antenna clockwise onto the GPS antenna connector of the eBox.
N
OTE: Tighten it hand-tight, do not overstrain.
N
OTE: To remove the GPS antenna from the eBox, unscrew it counterclockwise.
9.3 Screw the data link antenna on the eBox
P
REREQUISITES
● Data link antenna
● eBox
The data link antenna must be screwed onto the eBox to ensure a wireless (RF) link between
the GCS and the X100.
1 Click and screw the data link antenna onto the data link antenna connector of the eBox.
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Antennas
Screw the data link antenna on the eBox
NOTE: Tighten it hand-tight, do not overstrain.
N
OTE: To remove the data link antenna from the eBox, unscrew it counterclockwise.
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Antennas
Screw the data link antenna on the eBox
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10
MOTOR
10.1 Motor parts
The motor of the X100 consists of the following parts:
Entry Part
A Drive unit with electric engine and engine speed controller
B Engine speed controller (ESC)
C Screw
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Motor
To check the propeller
10.1.1 Motor details
10.1.2 Propeller details
10.2 To check the propeller
P
REREQUISITES
● Screwdriver
The propeller must be in good condition.
1 Check the propeller blades for damage.
2 Check if the propeller nose is still firmly attached.
D Propeller blade
E Propeller nose
Entry Part
Specification Value
Motor Electric brushless 250 W pusher propeller
Motor type MegaPlus AC 16/25/4
Electronic Speed Controller (ESC) ICE50 Castle Creations
Battery type Lithium-polymer 11.1 V 8000 mAh
Optimal battery usage time 45 minutes
Specification Value
Manufacturer Aero-naut
propeller type CAM 8,0*7,0"
max rpm 16000
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Motor
To replace the propeller blades
3 Check if the propeller blades are still firmly attached to the propeller.
● The propeller blades must be facing backwards.
● The screws on the tips of the propeller blades must be tightened but the blades must
still be able to move.
10.3 To replace the propeller blades
P
REREQUISITES
● Screwdriver
● New set of propeller blades
The propeller blades need to be replaced when:
● One of the blades is broken
● The edges of the blades are damaged
1 Using the screwdriver, remove the old propeller blades.
2 Mount the new propeller blades.
● The propeller blades must be facing backwards.
● The screws on the tips of the propeller blades must be tightened but the blades must
still be able to move.
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Motor
Check the position of the propeller blades
10.4 Check the position of the propeller blades
P
REREQUISITES
● Armed launcher
It is important that the propeller blades are positioned correctly to prevent damage during
launch.
1 Make sure the propeller blades are facing backwards. This way they will not hit the launch
dock during launch.
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11
LAUNCHER
11.1 X100 launcher
The launcher for the X100 consists of the following parts:
Entry Part
A Launch dock with lock pin
B Crank
C Safety pin
D Launch handle
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Launcher
X100 launcher
11.1.1 Launch slide parts
The launch slide for the X100 consists of the following parts:
E Launch slide
F V-support with lock pin
G Support fix with two support fix pins
Entry Part
Entry Part
A Release handles
B Crank connector
C Launch hook
D Handles
E Launch cable
F Launch handle
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Launcher
Assemble the launcher
11.1.2 X100 launcher bag
The launcher bag consists of the following parts:
11.2 Assemble the launcher
P
REREQUISITES
● Launcher bag
● Launch area
Entry What Where
A Launch dock Separate
compartment
B Launch slide Main compartment
C Crank Side compartment
D V-support Side compartment
E Safety pin Separate
compartment
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Launcher
Assemble the launcher
Once you have determined the launch location, you can assemble the launcher.
1 Take the launch slide out of the launcher bag.
2 Unfold and secure the launch slide with the handles.
N
OTE: If a handle is too easy to close, tighten the nut in the handle to increase the
tension.
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Launcher
Assemble the launcher
3 Unfold and secure the V-support with the lock pin.
4 Attach the V-support to the launch slide by inserting the support fix pins in the preserved
holes (situated at approximately 2/3 of the length of the launch slide) and tightening the
support fix.
5 Pull the launch cable out of the launch slide.
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Launcher
Assemble the launcher
NOTE: If the launch cable is blocked while the elastics are not tightened, push the
release handles upwards to unblock them. Never do this when the elastics are tightened,
you will damage the elastics.
6 Put the launch dock on the end of the launch slide and slide it over the launch hook at the
beginning of the launch slide.
C
AUTION: Make sure the launch dock clicks into position.
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Launcher
Assemble the launcher
7 Attach the launch cable to the launch dock with the lock pin.
C
AUTION: Make sure the launch cable is not tightened or twisted.
8 Insert the safety pin into the launch dock.
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Launcher
Disassemble the launcher
9 Place the launcher into the prevailing wind direction.
11.3 Disassemble the launcher
P
REREQUISITES
● Crank
Once the flight is done, you can disassemble the launcher.
1 Fix the crank between your ties.
2 Release the force with the crank very gently while pulling the release handles upwards.
Make sure you counteract the force on the elastics. It might be possible that you have to
tighten the elastics a little bit so that you are able to pull the release handles upwards.
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Launcher
Disassemble the launcher
CAUTION: It is recommended that a second person connects the crank to the tightening
system so the forces can be released gently.
3 Remove the cables from the lock pin on the launch dock.
4 Tighten the launcher so that the launch cable is back in the launch slide but the end
remains out.
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Launcher
Disassemble the launcher
5 Remove the launch dock from the launch slide.
6 Detach the V-support by turning the support upwards.
7 Open the fixes on the launch slide.
8 Fold the launch slide and put everything back in the launcher bag.
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Launcher
Mount the X100 on the launcher
11.4 Mount the X100 on the launcher
P
REREQUISITES
● Assembled launcher
● X100 ready for flight
● Crank (or torque wrench if available)
It is important to mount the launcher in a correct way to ensure a proper launch and take-off.
W
ARNING: Never perform a launch when the launcher is armed without the X100.
1 Make sure the safety pin is properly inserted in the launch dock and launch slide.
2 Connect the crank to the tightening system.
N
OTE: The crank must be connected to the head of the screw and not to the bolt or nut.
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Launcher
Mount the X100 on the launcher
3 Tighten the launch cable by turning the crank gently clockwise.
N
OTE: Make sure the launch cable is not twisted when tightening.
4 Stop tightening the launch cable when the outer end of the cable (where it is attached to
the yellow cord) is situated between the seventh and the second to third hole from the top
in the launch slide.
N
OTE: When using a torque wrench, tighten the launcher up to 16 Nm.
W
ARNING: The launch cable stretches out with every launch. When you can easily reach
the last hole when tightening the cable, Gatewing recommends to replace the launch
cable to prevent unsuccessful launches.
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Launcher
Mount the X100 on the launcher
5 Take the X100 by its launcher slats and place it correctly on the launch dock. The lips of
the launch dock must be inside the launcher slats.
W
ARNING: Make sure both launcher slats rest completely on the launch dock and there
are no obstructions between the X100 and the launch dock. A bad placement of the
X100 can result in an unsuccessful launch.
6 Remove the crank from the launch slide.
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Launcher
Check the pitch and roll position of the X100
11.5 Check the pitch and roll position of the X100
P
REREQUISITES
● Armed launcher
● Powered on GCS with Gatewing Horizon artificial horizon indicator
● X100 connected to GCS
The X100 must have a correct pitch and roll position to perform a successful launch.
1 Make sure the X100 has a pitch angle between 20 and 30° on the artificial horizon indica-
tor.
N
OTE: If the pitch angle is not between 20 and 30°, the X100 is not positioned correctly
or there is an sensor malfunction.
2 Make sure the horizon is positioned parallel to the X100 on the artificial horizon indicator.
N
OTE: If the horizon is not positioned parallel, the X100 is not positioned correctly or
there is an sensor malfunction.
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Launcher
Remove the safety pin from the launcher
11.6 Remove the safety pin from the launcher
P
REREQUISITES
● Armed GCS
● X100 in ARMED mode on launcher
The final step before launching the X100, is to remove the safety pin.
1. Remove the safety pin from the launcher dock while standing behind the launcher away
from the propeller of the X100.
11.7 Launch the X100
P
REREQUISITES
● Armed GCS
● X100 in ARMED mode on launcher with safety pin removed
Once you are ready for departure and everything is clear in front, above and behind, you can
launch the X100.
1. Pull the launch handle while standing behind the launcher.
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Launcher
Launch the X100
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12
BATTERY
12.1 Battery parts
The battery used in the X100 consists of the following parts:
Entry Part
A Main power connector
B Balancer connector
C Battery
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Battery
Battery specifications
12.2 Battery specifications
The battery used in the X100 has the following specifications:
12.3 Battery charger
12.3.1 What
The Graupner Ultramat 14 plus charger is an off-the-shelf battery charger widely used by
hobbyists. This fast charger guarantees high performance during charging and keeps your
battery in optimal condition.
12.3.2 Operating manual
Please read the Graupner Ultramat 14 plus charger Operating Manual carefully before using
the charger for the first time.
You can find this manual on www.graupner.de.
Specification Value
Type Lithium polymer
Manufacturer KOKAM
Nominal energy capacity 8000 mAh
Nominal voltage 11.1 V
Charge condition Maximum current 8 A
Voltage 12.6 V ± 0.03 V
Discharge condition Maximum current 40 A
Cut-off voltage 9 V
Operating temperature Charging 0 °C to 45 °C
Discharging -20 °C to 60 °C
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Battery
Battery charger parts
12.4 Battery charger parts
The Graupner Ultramat 14 plus charger consists of the following parts:
12.5 Power on the battery charger
P
REREQUISITES
● Battery charger
● 12 V car battery or a 100-240 VAC power supply
Entry Part
A Display
B Charger cable for X100
C Balancer connector
DEnter/Start button
E Car battery cable
F Power supply cable
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Battery
Battery charging parameters
To charge a battery, the Graupner Ultramat 14 plus charger must be powered on first.
1 Connect the Graupner Ultramat 14 plus charger to a:
● 12 V car battery
● 100-240 VAC power supply
R
ESULT
:
Once powered on, the Graupner Ultramat 14 plus charger displays the following messages:
1 A welcome message.
2 An indication that safety timer is on. The safety timer is a built-in safety that stops the
charging process after a defined time span. The programmed setting is 110 minutes.
This is enough to fully charge an empty battery for the X100.
3 An indication that the buzzer is on. The buzzer is an audible signal that gives feedback
when charging is complete or when an error occurred.
4 The programmed settings for charging the battery of the X100.
12.6 Battery charging parameters
12.6.1 Default parameters
By default, the display of the Graupner Ultramat 14 plus charger shows the following parameters for the X100 battery:
●
LiPo manual
● C:5,0A 8000mAh
DANGER: The maximum charging current is limited to 5 A. This value must be lower than the
maximum permissible current (8 A) for the X100 battery.
DANGER: Wrong battery charging parameters can destroy your battery and cause it to catch
fire or explode.
12.6.2 Change settings
If the Graupner Ultramat 14 plus charger does not display the default parameters, you have to
change the settings. Read the Graupner Ultramat 14 plus charger Operating Manual to do so.
You can find this manual on www.graupner.de.
12.7 Charge a battery
P
REREQUISITES
● X100 battery
● Powered on Graupner Ultramat 14 plus charger
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Battery
Charge a battery
Always use a fully charged X100 battery for a flight.
1 Check the default battery charging parameters of the Graupner Ultramat 14 plus charger.
D
ANGER: Wrong battery charging parameters can destroy your battery and cause it to
catch fire or explode.
2 Connect the charger cable to the Graupner Ultramat 14 plus charger.
W
ARNING: Mind the polarity.
3 Connect the balancer connector of the X100 battery to the Graupner Ultramat 14 plus
charger.
W
ARNING: Mind the polarity.
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Battery
Disconnect a charged battery
4 Connect the charger cable of the Graupner Ultramat 14 plus charger to the main power
connector of the X100 battery.
W
ARNING: Mind the polarity.
5 Hold down the Enter/Start button for two seconds.
S
TEP RESULT
:
The charging process starts automatically.
12.8 Disconnect a charged battery
P
REREQUISITES
● Graupner Ultramat 14 plus charger with charged X100 battery
When a battery is fully charged, the Graupner Ultramat 14 plus charger produces an audible
signal and stops charging automatically.
● You can leave the battery connected to the battery charger for as long as you want to. It
will not discharge.
● If you want to stop the charging process for whatever reason, you can also follow this
procedure.
1 Press the Enter/Start button twice.
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Battery
Mount a charged battery in the X100
2 Disconnect the charger cable of the Graupner Ultramat 14 plus charger from the X100
battery.
3 Disconnect the balancer connector of the X100 battery from the Graupner Ultramat 14
plus charger.
12.9 Mount a charged battery in the X100
P
REREQUISITES
● X100 body with mounted eBox
● Fully charged battery
1 Remove the top cover from the payload bay of the X100 body.
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Battery
Remove a battery from the X100
2 Place the fully charged battery in the battery compartment of the payload bay.
3 Connect the main power connector of the battery to the X100.
S
TEP RESULT
:
The eBox will generate a confirmation tone to indicate the battery is
connected.
R
ESULT
:
The X100 is in STANDBY mode.
12.10 Remove a battery from the X100
P
REREQUISITES
● X100 body with mounted battery
1 Remove the top cover from the payload bay of the X100 body.
2 Disconnect the main power connector of the battery from the X100.
3 Remove the battery from the battery compartment in the payload bay.
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13
GROUND CONTROL STATION
13.1 Ground control station (GCS)
The Trimble tablet PC ground control station consists of the following parts:
Entry Part
A Cursor
BEnter button
C Touchscreen
D Stylus
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Ground control station
Modem
13.2 Modem
The Gatewing modem (2.4 GHz) consists of the following parts:
E USB port
F Serial port
GOn/Off button
H Keyboard lock
I Camera activation
Entry Part
Entry Part
A Modem
B USB connector
C Modem antenna
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