Garritan WORLD INSTRUMENTS Detailed Instrument List & Descriptions

DIRECTORY OF INSTRUMENTS IN

GARRITAN WORLD INSTRUMENTS

66

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Africa

Arghul e Arghul is a reed woodwind instrument that

consists of two asymmetrical pipes. One pipe, a chanter with between ﬁve and seven ﬁnger holes, is dedicated to the melody. e second pipe, longer than the ﬁrst, produces a drone. Arghuls come in diﬀerent sizes and are played in Egypt and surrounding regions.

Range: C3- C6

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Mijwiz 1

Mijwiz 2

e Mijwiz is a traditional instrument of Egypt and is one of the oldest wind instruments. Its name means “dual” as it consists of two short bamboo reed pipes tied together. Instead of having a separate reed attached to a mouthpiece, the reed in the Mijwiz is a vibrating tongue made from a slit cut into the wall of the instrument itself.

Range: C3 - C6

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Another Mijwiz instrument with a diﬀerent range and character.

Range: C4 - C6

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A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

China

Bawu e Bawu is a side-blown wind instrument

found throughout China. Although it resembles a ﬂute, it is actually a reed instrument. It is often played as a solo instrument, and is featured in ﬁlms and in popular music. It is also referred to as a Bawoo.

Range: G3- C6

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Di-Zi

Guanzi

Hulusi

e Di-Zi, or Chinese bamboo ﬂute, is the most common ﬂute of China. e Di-Zi is a side-blown bamboo ﬂute having six ﬁnger holes, and is characterized by an additional hole covered by a piece of thin ﬁber (Muo kong) that buzzes when played and creates a distinctive tone. e Di-Zi is also known as the Ti-tzu or Hengdi.

Range: C4- C7

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e Guanzi is a Chinese double-reed wind instrument. Its name literally means “tube,” which describes its cylindrical shape. It is usually made from rosewood and has seven ﬁnger holes with one or two thumb holes. e ends of the instrument are decorated with metal. Also called Guan or Bili.

Range: G3- C6

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e Hulusi is a popular Chinese reed instrument. e instrument has a gourd wind chamber, a main melody pipe with seven ﬁnger holes, and one or two auxiliary drone pipes. Hulusi means “gourd silk,” referring to the instrument’s soft silky tone.

Range: G3- C6

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THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

China

Sheng e Sheng, or Chinese Mouth Organ, is a

multiple free-reed instrument consisting of a bundle of 13-17 vertical pipes fastened together. Sound is produced by blowing air into a mouthpiece at the base and covering the holes on the various pipes. e Sheng can produce interesting chords as well as single notes, and is used as both a solo and accompanying instrument. Also called Shung.

Range: C4- C7

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Suona

Xiao

e Suona is a double-reed wind instrument with a ﬂaring metal bell at its end. It has a distinctively loud tone and is used in Chinese traditional music ensembles and outdoor performances. e Suona is also known as a Laba.

Range: C4 - G6

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e Xiao is a Chinese end-blown ﬂute that has been used in Chinese music for over two millenenia. e instrument has six ﬁnger holes and is played vertically—similarly to the Shakuhachi. It is usually made of dark brown bamboo. e Xiao has a soft and low tone. e Xiao is also known as the the Di Xiao or Dong Xiao.

Range: C3- C7

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A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

India

Bansuri 1 e Bansuri is a large side-blown alto ﬂute of

Northern India and surrounding regions. It is made of a single length of bamboo with six or seven ﬁnger holes. Bansuris range in length from about 12 inches up to about 40 inches, with 20-inch bansuris being the most common. is instrument is associated with the god Krishna who was often depicted playing a Bansuri.

Range: C3- C8

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Bansuri 2 (Venu)

Pungi Snake Charmer

Another Bansuri instrument with a diﬀerent timbre and character. Venu is a variant of the Bansuri used in Southern Indian Carnatic music.

Range: C3- C8

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e Pungi Snake Charmer’s pipe is a North Indian reed instrument used by snake charmers. It consists of two pipes, a melody chanter and a drone, that are attached to a gourd. To produce sound, the player blows into a mouthpiece attached to the top and plays the chanter with his ﬁngers. e reeds are placed inside a protective gourd, so the player’s lips never touch them. e instrument is also known as the Bean.

Range: C3- C6

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THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

India

Shenai e Shenai is an Indian reed instrument with

a wooden body and a brass bell. It is mainly a Northern Indian instrument although there are Carnatic variants in Southern India. e instrument commonly has seven to nine ﬁnger holes and is played like an oboe. It is actually a quadruple-reed instrument that has two upper reeds and two lower reeds. e Shenai is thought to bring good luck and is often played at Indian weddings and festivals.

Range: C3- C7

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Shiva Whistle

e Shiva Whistle is a small wooden wind instrument. It has a picture of the Hindu diety Shiva on it. It diﬀers from the Bansuri in that it is an end blown instrument and not a sideblown ﬂute.

Range: C5- C8

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A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Japan

Hichiriki e Hichiriki is a cylindrical double-reed wind

instrument used in the Gagaku (court) music of Japan. It is characterized by its nasal timbre. e instrument has a narrow range but with its large reed there is great ﬂexibility of pitch and embellishment techniques.

Range: C4- G6

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Knotweed Flute

Shakuhachi

is Knotweed Flute is a small six-holed endblown ﬂute made from the bamboo-like stalks of the Knotweed.

Range: C4- C8

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e Shakuhachi is a traditional notched ﬂute from Japan. e end-blown ﬂute has ﬁve ﬁnger holes and a thumb hole. e instrument is made from the root of the bamboo and is crafted with precision. Although tuned to a pentatonic (ﬁve note) scale, by using various ﬁngerings (partial holings) and by controlling the embouchure, the player can produce great ﬂexibility in tone and pitch.

Range: C3- C7

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THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Other Asian Regions

Bamboo Flute

Jogi Baja

Piri

See Europe: Bamboo Flute

e Jogi Baja is a double-reed instrument from Nepal played in various ceremonies and rituals. Players of the instrument often use the technique of circular breathing, which allows the player to play extended passages.

Range: C3- C7

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e Piri is a Korean double reed instrument used in both the folk and court music of Korea. It is made of bamboo and has seven ﬁnger holes. Its large reed and cylindrical bore give it a sound mellower than that of many other types of oboe.

Range: C3- C6

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Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Porta, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, AirNs, Fluttr, AutoLegato, BndSpd, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Europe

End Blown Flutes:

Double Flute e Double Flute originates from Albania.

is ﬂute is distinctive in that it combines two ﬂute bores, combining a familiar six-hole shepherd pipe and an overtone ﬂute.

Range: C4- C7

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Dvojnice Double Flute

Dvojnice Double Flute Drone

Kaval

e Dvojnice (double shepherd pipe) is a carved wooden double-tube ﬂute from the Balkans. is traditional instrument has seven ﬁnger holes, three on one pipe and four on the other, allowing the player to play a harmony at the same time as the melody.

Range: C4- C8

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is instrument is the second pipe for the Double Flute above. e player begins a tune by playing one pipe to state the melody and the harmony on the drone side is then added.

Range: C4- C8

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e Kaval is a long end-blown ﬂute from Bulgaria and the Balkans and is used in folk music in the region. e Kaval is fully open at both ends and sound is made by blowing across the sharpened edge of the mouthpiece. e instrument has eight playing holes (seven in front and one in the back) and four extra holes near the bottom of the instrument.

Range: C4- C7

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THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Europe

Overtone Flutes:

Bass Overtone Flute

Koncovka Alto Flute

Tenor Overtone Flute

Whistles:

Clarke Pennywhistle

is Overtone Bass Flute, or Bass Fujara, is a large instrument in the key of G. is contrabass Slovakian instrument can be as large as ﬁve and a half feet long and produces a wide range of harmonics and overtones.

Range: C3- C6

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e Koncovka is a Slovakian overtone alto ﬂute that is traditionally played by shepherds. is instrument is in the key of D and plays melodies with no ﬁnger holes. Melodies are created on the Koncovka ﬂute by blocking (fully or partially) the bottom hole of the ﬂute with the index ﬁnger to create various pitches.

Range: G4- C8

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e Fujara is a folk shepherd’s ﬂute originating from the Slovakian mountain region. is Tenor Overtone Flute is often played while standing. Although it has no ﬁnger holes, a range of a few octaves can be achieved with the right combination of breath and blocking.

Range: C4 - C7

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Clarke has been the leading maker of Irish Pennywhistles for over 150 years. Clarke Pennywhistles are known for their clear distinctive tone quality. Penywhistles come in a variety of sizes and keys. A skilled player can make a Pennywhistle sing with ornaments, trills, ﬂutter tonguing, and eﬀects.

Range: C4 – C8

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A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Europe

Handmade Pennywhistle

Low Irish Whistle

Pennywhistle in Bb

Pennywhistle in D

is handmade Pennywhistle is a ﬁne handcrafted six-holed instrument. In recent years, with the popularity of Titanic and Riverdance, a number of instrument craftsmen in diﬀerent countries have started lines of high-end Pennywhistles made of exotic woods and ﬁne materials.

Range: C4 – C8

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e Low Irish Whistle has one of the most distinctive sounds in Irish music. Its unique sound has been used in ﬁlms such as the haunting Titanic soundtrack and in River- dance. e Low Whistle is the Low D that is pitched one octave below the traditional D whistle.

Range: C3 – C7

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Pennywhistles originated in Ireland centuries ago. is pennywhistle is an end-blown ﬂute tuned in the key of Bb, which is the lowest note it is capable of playing. e Bb Pennywhistle is one of the most standard Pennywhistle instruments.

Range: F4 - F7

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e D Pennywhistle is the most popular key because so much Irish and Celtic music is in the key of D. Although a diatonic instrument, it is also possible to play chromatically by half-holing or cross-ﬁngering.

Range: A4 - A7

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THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Europe

Pennywhistle in G

Sopilka Whistle

Susato Pennywhistle

Tin Whistle in Bb

e G Pennywhistle is rare and not as common as the other keys.

Range: D5 - C8

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e Sopilka Whistle is a Ukrainian highpitched folk whistle. e instrument is similar in range to the common piccolo ﬂute. e sound of the Sopilka depends on the strength of the player’s blowing into the instrument.

Range: C5 – C8

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e Susato Pennywhistle is made of sturdy plastic. Some prefer these whistles not only for their tone, but also because they are less aﬀected by changes in temperature or atmosphere than metal-based whistles.

Range: C4 – C8

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Another version of the Bb Pennywhistle.

Range: F4 - F7

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A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Europe

Recorders:

Alto Recorder

e Recorder (also known as “ﬂûte à bec” in France, “blockﬂöte” in Germany, and “ﬂauto dolce” in Italy) has a long history in Europe dating from Medieval times. Recorders are generally end-blown ﬂutes with seven ﬁnger holes and a range of about two octaves. e alto instrument is pitched in the key of F and is also known as the Treble Recorder.

Range: C4- G7

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Bass Recorder

Piccolo Recorder

e Bass Recorder is the largest and deepest-voiced instrument of the recorder family. is instrument has a bocal or bent-neck design to direct the player’s breath to the main body of the instrument. e instrument is pitched in the key of F.

Range: C3- C6

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e Piccolo Recorder, or Garklein, is the smallest of all the recorders, approximately six inches in length. ough not used as frequently as other recorders it often serves to ﬁll out chords in ensembles. is instrument is pitched in the key of C.

Range: C5- C8

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THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Europe

Sopranino Recorder

Soprano Recorder

Tenor Recorder

Reeds:

Diplica e Alto Natural clarinet, or Diplica, is an

e Sopranino Recorder is the highest voiced recorder used in a typical recorder family. It is pitched in the key of F.

Range: F5 – C8

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e Soprano Recorder is the most common among learners and is often used in classroom setting. It is about twelve inches in length and pitched in the key of C.

Range: G4- G7

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e Tenor Recorder is known for its soft, melodious sound. It is pitched in the key of C.

Range: G3- G6

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ancient, clarinet-like instrument from the Czech Republic, Hungary, and parts of Croatia. is single-reed instrument consists of a single wood pipe with seven ﬁnger holes.

Range: G2 – C5

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A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Europe

Folk Shawm e Folk Shawm, also known as a Mey, is

an ancient folk instrument that has changed little over the centuries. is double-reed instrument is made from cherry wood and has seven ﬁnger holes.

Range: C3 – C5

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Chanters & Bagpipes:

Bagpipes have a long history throughout Europe and are part of the musical traditions of many countries. e instrument consists of a single- or double-reed instrument that uses a bag (traditionally made from animal skin) to retain and blow air to vibrate reeds. e bag is pressed with the arm to send air to a reed pipe with ﬁnger holes called the chanter, which produces the melody notes. Some bagpipes can also produce a drone that accompanies the melody, but unlike the familiar Scottish bagpipes, many European bagpies are droneless.

Catalan Bagpipes

Duda Bagpipes

e Catalan bagpipes have a diﬀerent character and the widest range, approximately three octaves. ere are several names for the Catalan bagpipes: coixinera, caterineta, borrega, manxa borrega, mossa verda, ploranera, Sac de les Aspres, and Sac de Gemecs (which means “bag of moans”).

Drone Range: C2- B2

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Melodic Range: C3- C6

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e Duda is popular throughout Eastern Europe. e chanter of the Duda has a double reed similar to an oboe, and a conical bore with seven ﬁnger-holes. is chanter is relatively high pitched and has a range of approximately two octaves.

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Drone Range: C2- B2

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Melodic Range: C4- C6

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Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Porta, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, AirNs, AutoLegato, BndSpd, Keyswitches

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Europe

Gaita Bagpipes

Koza Bagpipes

Scottish Highland Bagpipes

Uilleann Pipes

e Gaita, which means “bagpipe,” is a traditional bagpipe used in Spain and Portugal. e Gaita has become popular in recent years in pipe bands. e Gaita chanter has a range of approximately three octaves.

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Drone Range: C2- B2

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Melodic Range: C4- C7

e Koza is a Polish bagpipe that consists of a large goatskin bag and a single reed chanter. e chanter has a range of approximately two octaves.

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Drone Range: C2- B2

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Melodic Range: C3- C5

Scottish Highland Bagpipes, or the Great Highland Bagpipes, are the most recognized of the bagpipes and represent the national instrument of Scotland. Scottish Bagpipes are commonly used in formal ceremonies throughout the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth Nations.

Drone Range: C2- B2

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Melodic Range: C3- E5

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e Uilleann Pipes are the national bagpipe of Ireland. ey are distinguished from other bagpipes as air is not blown with the mouth but rather air is pumped into the bag by means of a bellows attached to the player’s elbow. e instrument is known for its sweet tone and wide range of expression. e instrument has been more recently popularized years in Riverdance.

Melodic Range: G3-G6 (drone C2-B2)•

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A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Europe

Side Blown Flutes:

Bamboo Flute

Bone Flute 1

Bone Flute 2

Irish Flute

is small instrument is a simple Bamboo Flute with six holes and is in the key of F. ere are a variety of small bamboo ﬂutes from many cultures.

Range: C4 - C8

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A Bone Flute unearthed in Slovenia is reported to be the oldest handcrafted musical instrument. is six-hole Bone Flute is also from Slovenia and is carved from the thighbone of a turkey.

Range: C5 - C7

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Another Bone Flute from Slovenia. is instrument has seven ﬁnger holes.

Range: C5 – C8

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e Irish Flute is a popular side-blown ﬂute used in traditional Irish music. e basic instrument is a simple wooden ﬂute with six open holes and tuned in the key of D, a widely used key for Irish music.

Range: C3 - C7

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THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Europe

Shepherds Folk Pipe 1

Shepherds Folk Pipe 2

e Shepherds Folk Pipe, or Soprano Folk Pipe, is a six-hole end-blown ﬂute in the key of D. e Shepherd’s Pipe is played by Slovak shepherds to accompany them while herding their sheep.

Range: G4 - G7

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A tenor version of the Soprano Shepherd’s Folk Pipe. is ﬂute is a six-hole end-blown folk ﬂute and plays an octave lower than the Shepherds Folk Pipe 1

Range: G3 – G6

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A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Latin America

Andean Panpipes

Ocarina 1

Ocarina 2

e Andean Panpipes (or panﬂutes) is a popular folk instrument in the Andes mountains region of South America. e instrument consists of two rows of bamboo pipes of gradually increasing length, joined together in a bundle and giving the alternate notes of the scale. Each pipe is tuned to a certain note depending on its length. Panpipes produce their distinctive breathy sound when the player blows horizontally across the open end of the pipes. Panpipes are also known as Zampoñas.

Range: C4 – C7

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e Ocarina is a simple wind instrument having a hollow oval body with ﬁnger holes. Sound is produced by covering various holes with the ﬁngers and by blowing through the sound hole. e tone can also be varied by how hard the player blows into the instrument. e Ocarina is believed to have originated from Mesoamerica with the Mayan and the Aztecs.

Range: G4 – C7x

Another Ocarina instrument with a diﬀerent timbre and character.

Range: G4 – C7

x

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THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Latin America

Peruvian Panpipes

Quena

Ta r ka

Panpipes have long been a part of the culture of Peru and other Andean regions. is Panpipe instrument has a diﬀerent range and character than the traditional Andean panpipes. It is played by Peruvian folk musicians of the Andes mountains. Also known as Siku.

Range: C5- C8

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e Quena is an end-blown Shepherd’s ﬂute originating in the Andean region of South America prior to the Spanish conquest. e instrument is made from carved bamboo cane with a U-shaped mouthpiece and has six ﬁnger holes in front and one in the back. It is also known as a Kena.

Range: C4 - C7

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e Tarka is a unique rectangular ﬂute that originates from the Andes Mountain highlands. It is made from wood, carved with traditional designs, and hand painted in rich colors. e instrument has six ﬁnger holes and a whistletype mouthpiece.

Range: C4 - G6

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A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Middle East

Duduk e Duduk is known for its hauntingly beauti-

ful and expressive tone. is instrument has a small body with a large double reed and is capable of sustaining drone notes for long periods of time. Originally from Armenia, the Duduk can be found throughout Turkey, Persia, and surrounding areas. e instrument has not changed through the centuries and has become popular in recent years. It is featured in such ﬁlms as Gladiator and e Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.

Range: G2 - G5

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Maqrunah

e Maqrunah is a reed instrument from Tunisia and Libya and often played by shepherds. A unique characteristic is its horn bell at one end. Although the Maqrunah has a limited melodic range, it produces a distinctly ornate and breathy tone.

Range: C4 – C6

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THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

North America

Bottle Blows

Fife

Native American Flute

PVC Flute

e Bottle Blows consist of diﬀerent size bottles and jugs of diﬀerent materials. Sound is produced by the player holding the mouth of the bottle or jug near his or her mouth and blowing across the top. ese instruments are common in jug bands.

Range: C2 - G4

•

e Fife is a small, high-pitched, transverse ﬂute used in Appalachian folk music. It is a simple instrument usually consisting of a tube with six ﬁnger holes and diatonic tuning. e Fife is similar to a piccolo, but can be louder and shriller due to its narrower bore.

Range: C4 – C8

•

e design of the Native American Flute is signiﬁcantly diﬀerent than the construction of ﬂutes from anywhere else in the world. It has ﬁve or six ﬁnger holes on the bottom and is typically made with two air chambers. e Native American ﬂute has achieved some measure of fame for its distinctive sound, and is used in a variety of ﬁlms, documentaries, and world music recordings.

Range: C3 – C7

•

e Plumber’s Pipe is a simple ﬂute made from inexpensive plastic PVC plumbing pipe. Plastic plumbing pipe is considered ideal for simple ﬂutes since it is easy to work with, waterproof, nearly unbreakable, and sounds remarkably good.

Range: C4 – G6

•

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Porta, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, AirNs, Fluttr, Auto-Legato, Keyswitches

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Porta, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, AirNs, Fluttr, Auto-Legato, BndSpd, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

North America

Slide Whistle

e Slide Whistle, also known as a Swanee Whistle, is a wind instrument consisting of a tube with a slide piston in it. Moving the slide varies the pitch. e slide whistle is commonly used as a sound eﬀect (in animated cartoons or in comedy soundtracks). It is possible to play serious melodies on the slide whistle.

Range: G3 – G7

•

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Porta, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, AirNs, Fluttr, Auto-Legato, BndSpd, Keyswitches

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Oceania

Conch Shell e Conch Shell, or shell trumpet, is a wind

instrument made from a seashell. A hole is carved in the end of the shell and the player blows into the instrument like a trumpet. Polynesian Conch Shell trumpets were historically used throughout the South Paciﬁc. In some Polynesian islands it is known as the Putatara to the Maori. is instrument was featured in the score for the ﬁlm Alien.

Range: C3 - E4

•

Didgeridoo

Hawaiian Nose Flute

e Didgeridoo is a wind instrument developed by indigenous Australians and is now popular throughout the world. e didgeridoo is traditionally made from hollowing out a eucalyptus tree, but modern instruments are made from a variety of woods, PVC, and other materials. It is played by holding the end to the mouth and vibrating the lips to produce a drone sound while using a special circular breathing technique. e sound can be varied by imparting vocalizations. e Didgeridoo is used by indigenous Australians to bring the listener into a dream state.

Range: C3 – C6

•

e Hawaiian Nose Flute, or Ohe Hano Ihu, is a bamboo ﬂute that is played with the breath from the nose rather than the mouth. Although capable of only one octave, it produces a beautiful tone. Like other nose ﬂutes in various cultures, it was traditionally used between lovers.

Range: G4 – C7

•

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Porta, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, AirNs, Fluttr, Auto-Legato, BndSpd, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Oceania

Suling 1 e Suling is a four-holed bamboo ﬂute used

in Balinese Gamelan orchestras. A notch is cut into the side of the top end and encircled with a thin band made of rattan, leaving a small slit into which the player will blow. e Suling provides one of the most expressive sounds in the Gamelan ensemble.

Range: G3 – C7

•

Suling 2

Suling 3

A diﬀerent Suling instrument with a diﬀerent range and character.

Range: C4 – C7

•

Another Suling instrument of a diﬀerent size and type.

Range: C4 – C8

•

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Porta, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, AirNs, Fluttr, Auto-Legato, BndSpd, Keyswitches

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Africa

Adodo e Adodo is a cluster of small bells shaped

like a dumbbell with three bells on either end. It is played by holding the center handle while striking the bells with a stick. is instrument originates from Ghana and is also known as a Flower Bell.

C2-F2 – single hits

•

African Log Drum

Apentima

Ashiko

Balafon

e Log Drum is common throughout Africa. It is made by hollowing out a log and carving out slit openings for the sound to resonate. e Log Drums are usually played with wood sticks. e instrument is known by many names and is found in a variety of sizes.

C2-F2 – single hits

•

F#2-G2 – rolls

•

e Apentima is a single-headed carved drum made from Tenebrous wood, a hard wood believed to have spiritual powers. e Apentima is played by the Ashanti people of Ghana.

C2-A2 – various hits

•

e Ashiko is a large conical drum designed to be played with bare hands. It is found throughout sub-Saharan Africa and West Africa. Some tribes consider the Ashiko to be male and the Djembe female.

C2-B3 – various hand hits

•

e Balafon (or Balaphon) is a mallet instrument of West Africa consisting of wooden bars laid out like a xylophone. e player strikes the bars using mallets.

Range is C3 – C7

•

Controller Assignments:

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Africa

Basic African Percussion

Bougarabou e Bougarabou is a single-headed drum cov-

Dawuro

e Basic African Percussion set includes a select combination of African percussion instruments.

C2-C#2 – African Log

•

Drum D2-D#2 – Apentima

•

E2-F#2 – Ashiko

•

G2-A2 – Bourarabou

•

A#2-C3 – Djembe

•

C#3-D#3 – Dondo

•

E3-F3 – Doun Doun

•

Ba F#3-G3 – Kagan

•

G#3-A3 – Kpanlogo 1

•

A#3-B3 – Kpanlogo 2

•

C4-C#4 – Kpanlogo 3

•

D4-D#4 –

•

Fontomfrom E4-F#4 – Ibo

•

ered with cow skin over an elongated gobletshaped drum. It is often placed on a single stand or played in sets of three or four. e drum is also known as Boucarabou and originates in Senegal.

C2-A4 – various hits

•

e Dawuro is a banana-shaped metal bell with a slit along its upper surface. It is played by musicians in Ghana and surrounding regions. e Ewe name is Toke.

C2-G2 – various hits

•

G4-A4 – Kenkeni

•

A#4-C5 – Krin Slit

•

Drum C#5-D#5 – Morocco

•

Drum E5-F#5 – Sakara

•

G5-A5 – Sangban

•

A#5-C6 – Tama

•

C#6-G6 – Sistrum

•

G#6-B6 – Televi

•

B6-D7 – Tonetang

•

Stir Drum D#7-F7 – Adodo

•

F#7-G#7 – Dawuro

•

A7-A#7 – Atoke

•

B7-C8 – Axatse

•

Controller Assignments:

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Africa

Controller Assignments:

Djembe e Djembe is a popular hand drum from West

Africa and literally means “everyone gather together”. e instrument is shaped like a large goblet with skin covering the large end. It is played with bare hands. ere are three main notes in the Djembe: bass tone (the lowest), medium tone (a round, full sound), and slap (a high, sharp sound).

C2-G2 – various hits with ﬂat hand,

•

palm, edge, slap and mute.

Dondo

Doun Doun Ba

A Dondo is a double-headed wooden “talking” drum with lacings connecting the two heads. e player hits the heads while squeezing the lacings, thus creating variations in pitch in which the drum seems to “talk”.

C2-D7 – various hits and pitch variations

•

e Doun Doun Ba is the largest of the doun doun set of West Africa bass drums. e other drums in the dun dun set are Kenkeni and Sangban. e instrument consists of a doubleheaded cylindrical drum with cowskin heads on each end. It is known by various names throughout West Africa such as Dun-Dun, Dunun, and Junjun.

C2-D3 – various hits

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, BDFund, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Controller Assignments:

Africa

Ewe Drums

Ewe drums refer to a collection of percussion instruments played by the Ewe people of Ghana, Benin, and Togo. Ewe drum ensembles typically consist of drums, bells, and rattles. e drums in a Ewe ensemble come in several diﬀerent sizes and typically have wooden conical bodies and are covered with animal skin. e Ewe peoples use these instruments for drum dialoging to mimic the tone of spoken language.

Atoke e Atoke is a small banana-shaped metal bell from Ghana.

It is made from forged iron and produces a bell-like tone when struck with its iron rod beater. It is held in the palm of a player’s hand while being hit with the rod in the other hand.

C2 – D3 – various hits

•

Axatse

Gankokwe

Kagan

Kpanlogo 1 Large

e Axatse, from Ghana, is a gourd shaker covered with a net of small hard objects such as beads or seeds. e dry rattling sound of the Axatse is produced by striking it lightly on the thigh and the palm. It is also called Chekere.

C2 – C3 – various rattles and shakes

•

e Gankokwe is a hand-forged iron bell-like instrument played with a wooden stick. Some Ewe ensembles include two Gankokwe, one larger than the other. Two diﬀerent Gankokwe are included in this patch.

C2 – E3 and A3-B3– various hits on the various bells, open and

•

clasped.

e Kagan is part of a traditional Ewe drum ensemble. It is constructed of a solid carved piece of wood and is approximately twenty inches tall with a head ﬁve to six inches in diameter.

C2 – G2 – various hits and slaps

•

e Kpanlogo is a deep-sounding conga-shaped drum from Ghana. It is headed with antelope skin and tuned by hammering in pegs. e Kpanlogo is used in rituals and to summon the town.

i C2 – F2 – various hits and slaps

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, BDFund, BDFund, Keyswitches

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Africa

Controller Assignments:

Kpanlogo 2 Medium

Kpanlogo 3 Combo

Sogo

Fontomfrom

Gome

A diﬀerent Kpanlogo instrument that is smaller in size.

C2 – F2 – various hits and slaps

•

Another Kpanlogo instrument combining diﬀerent drums.

C2 – C4 – various hits on a diﬀerent Kpanlogo.

•

e Sogo is part of the Ewe drum ensemble and represents one of the master drums played by the leader of the group. e Sogo can be played either with two wooden sticks, one hand and one stick, or both hands.

C2 – C3 – various hits

•

e Fontomfrom is a tribal drum from the Ashanti regions of Ghana. e drums are carved from a tree trunk and skins are stretched over the tops and fastened with long pegs.

C2-A2 – various hits

•

e Gome is a box-like drum from Ghana made with goatskin stretched over a wooden box frame. e drummer sits atop the box and plays this drum with both his hands. e heels of the feet also press against the skin to change the pitch.

C2-C3 – various hits and pitch bends

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Africa

Controller Assignments:

Gyil e Gyil is a pentatonic mallet instrument

from Ghana. It is made of 14 hardwood keys, called liga, mounted on a wooden frame. Below it are hanging gourds and spider web silk that produce a resonating sound.

Range: G3–C7

•

Ibo

Kalimbas

Kenkeni

Kpoko Kpoko

Krin Slit Drum

e Ibo is a “pot drum” from the Ibo and Hausa tribes of Nigeria. Ibo is the Nigerian name for pottery.

C2-C3 – various hits

•

e Kalimba, also called a thumb piano, is an ancient instrument from Africa. Kalimbas are made of small springy metal strips attached to a sounding box made of either gourd or wood. Kalimbas come in many shapes and sizes.

Range: C2–C6

•

e Kenkeni is a mid-sized West African drum with double animal skin heads. It the smallest drum in the Doun Doun set of bass drums.

C2-D3 – various hits

•

e Kpoko Kpoko is a double-ended rattle instrument from the Ibo tribe of Nigeria. It produces a unique wood rattling sound.

C2-A2 – various rattles

•

e Krin is a slit drum made from a piece of hollowed tree trunk with slots of diﬀerent lengths and is played with a stick. e instrument is originally from the forest regions of Guinea and is used to transmit messages between villages. Also known as Kolokolos.

C2-G4 – various hits

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Africa

Controller Assignments:

Likembe e Likembe is a kalimba-like instrument from

Uganda, the Congo, and Zaire. Also known as a Kisani, this instrument is common throughout the African continent.

C2-A2 – various plucks

•

Mbira

Morocco Drum

Nigerian Log Drum

Sakara

e Mbira is a thumb piano from Zimbabwe that is similar to the kalimba and likembe. It is considered a sacred instrument in various African cultures and is used to communicate with ancestors, ward oﬀ harmful spirits, and cure illness.

Range is C2–C8

•

e Morocco drums are a pair of ceramic drums with heads consisting of cow hide. ey are similar to a bongo drum except that they are closed on the bottom.

C2-E3 – various hits•

Nigerian Log Drums, also known as Obrom, are hand-carved from a solid log. ey are made from cutting slits in the side of the log and hollowing it out through the slit. Log Drums are used to communicate between villages. Under the right conditions, the sound can be heard miles away.

C2-F3 – various hits

•

e Sakara, originating from the Yoruba region of Nigeria, is a frame drum instrument whose circular body is made of baked clay covered with goatskin. Pegs around the body of the instrument are used for tuning.

C2-G2 – various hits

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Africa

Controller Assignments:

Sangban e Sangban is a mid-sized drum in a Doun

Doun set of West African bass drums. e drum is carved out of a single piece of wood and both ends are covered with cowskin heads.

C2-E3 – various hits

•

Sanza

Sistrum

Tama (Talking Drum)

e Sanza is a thumb piano from Zaire with resonators (rattles of various kinds). It is played by depressing and releasing the tongues with the thumbs and ﬁngers.

C2-C5 – various hits with rattles

•

e Sistrum is a small wooden instrument from Egypt and other regions of Africa. It consists of a U-shaped metal frame which, when shaken, produces a jingling sound.

C2-A5 – various shakes and jingles.

•

e Tama, or Talking Drum, is an hourglassshaped double-headed drum from Nigeria.

C2-C3 – various hits and rolls.

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Televi

Tonetang (Stir Drum)

e Televi is a small rattle from Ghana consisting of two small gourds ﬁlled with seeds and attached to either end of a string. Also known as an Asalato.

C2-A3 - various hits and rattles

•

e Tonetang Stir Drum is a small octagonal wooden bowl-like instrument played with a wooden beater.

C2-B2 - various hits and stirs

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Africa

Controller Assignments:

Udu Drums Udu means “vessel” and the instrument con-

sists of a jug made of clay. It is played with the ﬁngers and the holes are cupped alternately, making sound by compressing and releasing the air inside it, producing a unique and unusual sound. e Udu drum originates from the Ibo and Hausa peoples of Nigeria.

C2 – Hole Pop

•

C#2 – Hole Pop Release

•

D2 – Hole Pop Rel Mute

•

D#2 – Low Fast Release

•

E2 – Low Hole Pop

•

F2 – Low Hole Pop-Rel

•

F#2 – Low Open

•

G2 – Low Slow Release

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

China

Controller Assignments:

Basic Chinese Percussion

Bianzhong

Bo

Chinese Cymbals

e Basic Chinese Percussion set includes a set of Chinese percussion instruments.

C2-G#2 – Datangu Lion Drum

•

A2-G3 – Temple Blocks

•

G#3-C#4 – Bianzhong

•

D4-E4 – Bo

•

F4-A#4 – Chinese Cymbals

•

B4-F#5 – Temple Bells

•

G5-C6 – Chinese Gongs

•

e Bianzhong is an ancient Chinese instrument consisting of a large rack of bronze bells, played melodically using poles.

Range is C2–B2

•

Bo are Chinese cymbal instruments often used in Sichuan Opera to accent the movement of the actors. Bo are made of bronze and are played by striking the cymbals together.

C2 – D2 – diﬀerent hits

•

e Chinese cymbals in this collection consist of an assortment of cymbals played with various mallets and sticks.

C2 – B3 – diﬀerent hits in diﬀerent cymbals

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Chinese Gongs

Datangu Lion Drum

Gongs belong to the oldest and most important musical instruments of China and much of Asia. e Chinese gongs in this collection consist of an assortment of traditional Chinese gongs played with various mallets and sticks.

C2 – D4 – diﬀerent hits in diﬀerent gongs

•

e Datangu is a large bass drum used to accompany traditional Chinese Lion Dancing. e Datangu is played with two sticks in a low stance with the knees bent.

C2 – G#2 – diﬀerent hits

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, BDFund, Keyswitches

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

China

Controller Assignments:

Pan Clappers

Temple Bells

Temple Blocks

Pan Clappers are a Chinese rhythm instrument played by striking both clappers together. e instrument is also known as Pi Pan Clappers or Shooing Pan Clappers.

C2 – E2 – diﬀerent hits

•

Temple Bells are often a symbol of peace and good luck in Chinese traditions. e Temple Bells in this collection consist of an assortment of bells played with various beaters.

C2 – C3 – diﬀerent hits on diﬀerent bells

•

with varying ringing.

Temple blocks are hollow carved wooden instruments played using rubber or wooden mallets. ey are common throughout China and are used for religious ceremonies.

C2 – F5 – diﬀerent hits

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

India

Basic Indian Percussion

Chenda e Chenda is a hollow cylindrical Indian

Chimta

Chippli

is Basic Indian Percussion set includes a set of Indian percussion instruments.

C2-D2 – Chenda

•

D#2-C3 – Damroo

•

C#3-D3 – Dhol

•

D#3-C#4 – Dholak

•

D4-G4 – Kanjeera

•

G#4-A#4 – Naal

•

B4-C5 – Nagara

•

C#5-E5 – Tabla

•

F5-G5 – Tamte

•

drum with ends covered with cow hide. It is played upright and struck with two slender sticks. e Chendra is often used as accompaniment in Hindu dance.

C2 – A3 – diﬀerent hits

•

e Chimta (literally tongs) consists of a long folded steel strip with small metal jingles. ere are several Chimtas presented in this collection. is instrument is a traditional percussion instrument used in popular Punjabi music.

C2 – C7 – hits and shakes from diﬀerent

•

Chimtas

e Chippli consist of a pair of small handheld wood instruments each with a jingle. e instrument is also known as a Kattai.

C2 – F#2 – diﬀerent hits and jingles

•

Controller Assignments:

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Daﬂi

e Daﬂi is an Indian tambourine consisting of a circular wooden or metal ring with a skin drum head. It is often used in weddings and other celebrations and is also known as Duﬂi or Daf.

C2 – F2 – diﬀerent hits

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

India

Controller Assignments:

Damroo

Dhol

Dholak

Ghatam

Ghungroo

e Damroo, or Damru, is a two-sided drum with an hour-glass shape. e instrument is also known as the “monkey talking drum.” ere are two diﬀerent Damroos in this collection.

C2 – D#4 – Damroo 1—diﬀerent hits,

•

ﬂams and rolls C5 – G#5 – Damroo 2—diﬀerent hits

•

and boings

e Dhol is a large double barrel-shaped drum played with sticks. It is a loud instrument and often used in weddings in the Indian subcontinent and is now used in Indian pop music. It is also known as a Dohol.

C2 – D4 – diﬀerent hits and slaps

•

e Dholak is popular folk drum played in North India, Pakistan, and Nepal. e instrument is made of hollowed out wood and has two tunable heads.

C2 – G4 – diﬀerent hits and slaps on

•

diﬀerent parts of the head and drum

e Ghatam is a clay goblet drum used in South Indian classical music. It is played with the ﬁngers and sometimes with metal rings on the ﬁngers. Similar to the African Udu drum and also known as a Matka.

C2 – B3 – diﬀerent hits and pops

•

e Ghungroo, or Indian Ankle Bells, consists of a cluster of small bells worn around the ankles of classical dancers to accent rhythmic movements. e pitch of the sounds produced depends on the size and composition of the bells.

C2 – E3 – diﬀerent hits

•

C4 – F#4 – sustained shakes

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

India

Controller Assignments:

Gong (Singing Gong)

Hatheli

Kanjeera

Khartal

Khol

is small Gong from India, also known as a Singing Gong, is common in Hindu religious ceremonies. e instrument is played by hitting with a stick or stirring the surface with a stick.

C2 – F#2 – diﬀerent hits and stirs

•

Hatheli are wooden hand-held jingles. ey produce sound by shaking the instrument.

C2 – A#4 – Hatheli set 1 - diﬀerent hits,

•

jingles, and rattles

e Kanjeera is a small tambourine-like instrument with copper or bronze discs in its frame. It is held with one hand and struck with ﬁngers and palm of the other hand.

C2 – D#4 – various hits

•

e Khartal is a small percussion instrument of India consisting of a block of hard wood with jingles. Khartals are shaken to produce their sound. ey can also be clapped together to make rhythmic beats.

C2 – A2 – Khartal set 1 -various hits &

•

jingles C3 – G3 – Khartal set 2 -various hits &

•

jingles

e Khol is a double-sided drum covered with goatskin leather and laced together with leather straps around the circumference of the drum.

C2 – A3 – various hits

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

India

Controller Assignments:

Manjeera Manjeera are small unpitched cymbals used

in folk and devotional music. ey are usually made of bronze, brass, or copper and are held and played with the hands. ey are also known as Manjira or Jhanji.

C2 – C3 –Manjeera 1 - various hits

•

C4 – A4 – Manjeera 2 -various hits

•

Murchang

Mridangam

Naal

Nagara

e Murchang is a mouth instrument that is very similar to a Jaw harp. It is used in the Carnatic music of South India and Pakistan and is also known as the Morsing.”

C2 – G#5 – various hit

•

e Mridangam is a double-sided oblong drum. Its body is made of hollowed jackfruit wood and both ends of the drum are covered by animal skin laced with leather straps. e Mridangam is often used in South Indian dance.

C2 – G5 – various hits

•

e Naal is an Indian folk drum with a highpitched head on one side and a lower-pitched head on the other side. e instrument is also known as a Dholki.

C2 – C4 – various hits and slaps

•

e Nagara is a kettle drum played in traditional Indian ensembles. ese drums are about one to two feet in diameter and played with sticks.

C2 – C3 – various head hits and rim hits

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

India

Controller Assignments:

Pakhawaj

Stir Drum

Tablas

e Pakhawaj is a double-sided barrel drum used in traditional classical music of North India. e instrument is played horizontally set on a cushion in front of a crossed-leg player. e larger bass skin is played with the one hand and the smaller treble skin by the other hand. It is similar to the Mridangam of South India.

C2 – C3 – various hits and slaps•

e Stir Drum is a small percussion instrument consisting of graduated tongues of wood. It is played by using a beater in a circular motion around the inner sides of the instrument.

C2 – D3 – various hits

•

Tablas are the most popular percussion instrument of India. e set includes two drums. e tabla dayan (right hand drum) is made of wood and the bayan (left hand drum) is a medium-low pitched kettledrum made of metal. Both drums have heads made of goatskin.

C2 - Tabla na C#2 - Tabla thin D2 - Tabla ti D#2 - Tabla ra E2 - Tabla ta F2 - Tabla tun F#2 - Tabla traka G2 - Tabla traka G#2 - Tabla ga A2 - Tabla ka A#2 - Tabla dha B2 - Tabla Dhin C3 - Tabla ka C#3 - Tabla hits dha D3 - Tabla hits dhin D#3 - Tabla hits ta E3 - Tabla hits tin F3 - Tabla misc ti F#3 - Tabla misc ra G3 - Tabla misc ka G#3 - Tabla misc ta A3 - Tabla misc ga

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, BDFund, Keyswitches

Tamte e Tamte is a ﬂat circular drum with a skin

pulled over it and played with a stick. e Tamte is also called Tammatai and is played throughout North India.

C2 – F3 – various hits

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

India

Controller Assignments:

Tasha e Tasha is a small kettle drum that is played

with the hand or with bamboo beaters. e Tasha is used in ceremonial occasions in India.

C2 – G3 – various hits

•

Tavil

Udaku

e Tavil is a round-bodied drum with two skins wrapped around two large hemp hoops on both sides. One side is usually played with a stick while the other side is played with the hands or with metal thimbles on the ﬁngers is instrument is played often in South Indian festivals.

C2 – F4 – various hits with stick and hand

•

e Udaku is a small drum with heads held in position by interlacing cotton threads that can be pulled to change the pitch. e instrument is also known as the Udukke.

C2 – D4 – various hits

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Japan

Japanese percussion is generally known as Taiko which means “big drum.” Taiko includes a variety of percussion instruments. Taiko drums come in diﬀerent sizes and some can be as large as six feet (two meters) long.

Chanchiki

Chu-daiko

Daibyoshi

Hira-daiko

Hyoushigi

e Chanchiki is a saucer-shaped bell, suspended by a cord like a gong, and played with a mallet. e instrument is also known as the Atarigane.

C2-B2 – various hits

•

e Chu-daiko is a medium-sized drum that is popular in the Taiko ensemble. e Chu-daiko comes in various sizes. In this collection there are several Chu-daiko (18”, 21”, and 22”).

C2 – E2 – various combo hits

•

C3 – A4 – various hits

•

C5 – D#6 – various rim hits

•

C7 – F7 – various hits

•

e Daibyoshi is a short-bodied tunable drum made with stave construction. e Daibyoshi is relatively high-pitched and is often used in Kabuki eater.

C2 – A2 – Various hits

•

e Hira-daiko, meaning “stout drum,” is a type of drum that is wider than it is deep. e instrument is carved from a single piece of wood with drumheads tacked to its rims. e Hira-daiko come in a variety of sizes and some are quite large.

C2 – F#2 – Various hits•

e Hyoushigi is a simple Japanese musical instrument consisting of two wooden blocks used as clappers, similar to a clave. e Hyoushigi are used in Taiko ensembles.

C2-A3 – various hits and strikes

•

Controller Assignments:

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, BDFund, Keyswitches

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, BDFund, Keyswitches

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Japan

Controller Assignments:

Ko-daiko e Ko-daiko represents the smaller members of

the Nagado-daiko family of drums. e Kodaiko in this collection is a 14” drum.

G3 – 14” Kodaiko 1 drum hit

•

G#3 – 14” Kodaiko 1 rim hit

•

A3 – 14” Kodaiko 2 drum hit

•

A#3 – 14” Kodaiko 2 rim hit

•

Nagado-daiko

O-daiko

Okawa

e Nagado-daiko, meaning “elongated drum,” is one of the most popular taiko drums used in modern groups. It is known for its distinctively deep and resonant tone. e Nagado-daiko is carved from a single piece of wood and comes in a wide range of sizes. e instrument is played a number of ways on a variety of stands.

C2 – E3 – various hits

•

e O-daiko, meaning “big fat drum,” are large barrel-shaped drums. O-daiko are nearly three feet in diameter and typically placed on a stand and played horizontally, often by two people at once.

C2 – F#4 – various hits

•

C5 – G5 – various hits

•

e Okawa, also called the Otsuzumi,”is a small hand drum used in Kabuki theater. e drum consists of two heads stretched over steel rings, placed over an hourglass shaped body and laced together with rope.

C2 – A#2 – various hits

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, BDFund, Keyswitches

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Japan

Controller Assignments:

Okedo-daiko e Okedo-daiko is a large double headed drum

used in Kodo playing. is instrument can be set on a stand or strapped to the player’s body. Kodo playing is known for its speedy stick work and cross-over arm movements. In Kodo playing, other instruments are also used (such as small cymbals, rattles, or jingles) to add contrast.

C2-B3 – various hits, upper notes with

•

jingles

Shime-daiko

Tebyoshi

e Shime-daiko is a small rope-tensioned drum with animal skin drumheads on both sides. e shime-daiko is played with sticks called “bachi.” e Shime-daiko is often used in Japanese folk music.

C2 – E3 – various hits

•

e Tebyoshi is a small ashtray-shaped brass cymbal that produces a unique metallic sound. It is held in one hand by a cord and played by striking or scraping it with a beater. e instrument is also called the Chappa.

C2-B2 – various hits, open and clas

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, BDFund, Keyswitches

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Tsuzumi

Uchiwa-daiko

e Tsuzumi is a small hourglass-shaped drum with two taut drum heads with cords that can be squeezed to change pitch. e Tsuzumi is used in Taiko ensembles and is one of the few Japanese drums played with hands or ﬁngers.

C2-B3 – various hits and strikes

•

e Uchiwa-daiko is a natural-skin drum with a round ring and no body. is hand-held drum can be played individually or set up in a rack and played as a set. Uchiwa literally means “wind fan.”

C2-E2 – various hits

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Other Asian Regions

Controller Assignments:

Chabara e Chabara are circular brass cymbals from

Korea used in Buddhist rituals and processionals. ey are held by cloth handles and played by striking each other. e Chabara produce a clanging sound. e instrument is also known as Jabara.

C2-F2 – various hits

•

Ching

Geduk

Jang Gu

e Ching are small bowl-shaped ﬁnger cymbals used in Cambodia and ailand. ey are made of a mixture of iron, copper, and gold. ey measure about two inches in diameter and are played by striking the two cymbals together.

C2-B2 – various hits and clasps

•

e Geduk is a short barrel-shaped doubleheaded drum used in Malaysian folk music.

C2-F2 – various hits

•

e Jang Gu is an hourglass drum that is played in Korea. e instrument is also known as the Changgo.

C2-D#3 – various hits on both heads

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Kesi

Kkwenggwari

e Kesi consists of a pair of cymbals, one of which is aﬃxed to a rack, while the other is tied by rope. Sound is made by clashing one cymbal against another. is instrument is used in the traditional Paluan ensemble of Malaysia.

C2-A2 – various hits

•

e Kkwenggwari is a small brass gong from Korea played with a wooden mallet. e instrument is also known as the Koeagkari.

C2-C3 – various hits

•

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Other Asian Regions

Controller Assignments:

Kompang e Kompang is a shallow wooden frame drum

with a goat or cow hide skin. It is played in kompang ensembles throughout Malaysia for processions and to accompany choral singing

C2-C3 – various hits

•

Luo Gong

Madal

Tangku

ai Gong

Tibetan Cymbals

e Luo Gong, or Kai Luo Gong, is a type of bronze gong from Malaysia and is played with a wooden mallet.

C2-D#3 – various hits and bongs

•

e Madal is a Nepalese hand drum made of wood or clay. Both heads of the drum are played with the hands, holding the drum horizontally.

C2-C3 – various hits

•

e Tangku is a tomtom-like drum used in ceremonies throughout Taiwan and other Asian regions. e drum is sometimes suspended in a wooden frame and produces a deep sound.

C2-F#2 – various hits

•

e ai Gong is a heavy iron gong and is crafted to produce a clear tone. It has a hump in its centre and is also known as Hump Gong or Nipple Gong. ai Gongs are often played with other instruments throughout ailand and Myanmar.

C2-B2 – various hits

•

Tibetan Cymbals are made of diﬀerent metals. ey are played by holding one in each hand and rubbing or lightly tapping them together. Tibetan Cymbals are used in religious processions and ceremonies.

C2-C8 – various hits, clangs and clasps

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Other Asian Regions

Controller Assignments:

Tibetan Singing Bowl

Tibetan Bells

Tingsha

e Tibetan Singing Bowl produces a characteristic sustaining ringing sound. It is made of metal and played by rubbing or stirring a mallet clockwise around the outside edge or inside surface of the bowl. Singing bowls are often used in Buddhist meditation and prayer. ese instruments are also known as Himalayan bowls.

C2-C5 – various hits and stirs

•

C6-A6 – more bowls, various hits

•

Tibetan Temple Bells are ritual instruments used by Tibetan Buddhist practitioners. Sound is produced by striking the bell with a Puja stick.

C2-C3 – Bell1 - various hits

•

C4-D#4 – Bell 2 hits & stir

•

C5-D#5 – Bell 3 hits

•

e Tingsha are small hand cymbals used in Tibetan Buddhist rituals. Sound is produced by striking the two small cymbals together at right angles. ey make clear and beautiful ringing tones and overtones. Typical sizes range from two to four inches in diameter. e Tingsha is sounded at the beginning and end of meditation and teaching sessions.

C2-C3 – various hits

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Europe

Controller Assignments:

Bodhrán e Bodhrán is a traditional and popular

Celtic drum. is single-headed drum consists of a round wooden frame with an animal skin stretched over it. Although common in Irish music, the bodhrán has more recently gained popularity throughout the world.

C2-F4 – various hits and slaps

•

Hang Drum

Jaw Harps

Rattle Cog

e Hang Drum, or Hang, is a contemporary instrument made in Switzerland. It consists of a harmonically tuned steel shell similar to a steelpan. It diﬀers from a steelpan in that it is played with hands and ﬁngers while resting on the player’s lap. e sound of the Hang Drum sound is considered softer and warmer than the traditional steelpan.

C3-C5 – various hits

•

e Jaw Harp is known by many names, including Jew’s harp, Khomuz, and Marranzano. It consists of an oblong metal frame with a single key or tongue down the middle that is plucked with the ﬁnger. It produces a buzzing tone and the sounds can be varied by changing the size and shape of the mouth. In this collection, there are three diﬀerent Jaw harps in various keys:

C2-C3 – Jaw Harp in D

•

C4-D#5 – Jaw Harp in F#

•

C6-G7 – Jaw Harp in G

•

e Rattle Cog consists of a cog wheel set in a frame that, when spun, causes a ﬂat piece of wood to move across the cog wheel to produce a clacking sound.

C2-E2– various rattle rolls

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Latin America

Controller Assignments:

Afoxê e Afoxê consists of a gourd shaker (cabaça)

wrapped with cords that are strung with beads. e instrument is shaken to produce its sound.

C2-D3 – various shakes

•

Agogo Bell

Agogo Block

Atabaque

Berimbau

Agogo Bells consist of two cone-shaped bells, one larger and one smaller. e instrument is played by striking them with a wooden stick.

C2-C6 – various hits

•

e Agogo Block is an instrument used in Brazilian and Latin music. It is made of wood blocks of diﬀerent sizes, resulting in diﬀerent pitches. e instrument is played with a wooden beater.

C2-G2 – various hits

•

e Atabaque is a tall, wooden Brazilian drum. e conical shell is traditionally made of Jacaranda wood and has a single head made from calfskin.

C2-G4 – various hits and slaps

•

e Berimbau is a single-string percussion instrument from Brazil. It consists of a single metal string strung across a four to ﬁve foot long wooden bow. To produce sound, the string is struck with a wooden stick called a baqueta. A hollowed-out gourd acts as a resonator. e player changes the tone by pressing against the steel string. e instrument originated from the mbelz, or musical bow, of Africa.

C3 open hit, D3 close hit, E3 clasped,

•

F3 buzz

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Latin America

Controller Assignments:

Bombo e Bombo is an Argentinian drum made of a

hollowed tree trunk covered with animal skin. e Bombo is played while hanging to the side of the player and is struck with a mallet or stick. e Bombo sometimes serves as a bass instrument and has a deep and dark tone.

C2-C3 – various hits

•

Cuica

e Cuica is a Brazilian friction drum. e drum has a bamboo stick running inside the body of the drum which, when rubbed with a wet cloth, produces a high-pitched squeaky sound with variable pitches.

C2-F2 – various rubs and squeaks

•

Latin Percussion 1

C2 Batá (iyá /low) C#2 Batá (iyá /low muﬄed) D2 Batá (iyá /low slap) D#2 Batá (Itótele /mid open) E2 Batá (Itótele /mid muﬄed) F2 Batá (Itótele /mid slap) F#2 Batá (okónkolo/high open) G2 Batá (okónkolo/high muﬄed) G#2 Batá (okónkolo/high slap) A2 Bongo (low open) A#2 Bongo (low muﬄed) B2 Bongo (low slap) C3 Bongo High (open) C#3 Bongo (high muﬄed) D3 Bongo High slap) D#3 Cajón (low) E3 Cajón (slap) F3 Cajón (stick hit) F#3 Conga (low) G3 Conga (open) G#3 Conga (muﬄed) A3 Conga (slap) A#3 Cuica (low) B3 Cuica (mid) C4 Cuica (high) C#4 Djembe (open)

D4 Djembe (muﬄed) D#4 Djembe (slap) E4 Pandeiro (open) F4 Pandeiro (muﬄed) F#4 Pandeiro (slap) G4 Quinto (open) G#4 Quinto (muﬄed) A4 Quinto (slap) A#4 Super Tumba (low) B4 Super Tumba (open) C5 Super Tumba (muﬄed) C#5 Super Tumba (slap) D5 Surdu (open) D#5 Surdu (muﬄed) E5 e Box (low) F5 e Box (mid) F#5 e Box (high) G5 Timbales (low) G#5 Timbales (high) A5 Timbales (edge) A#5 Tumba (low) B5 Tumba (open) C6 Tumba (muﬄed) C#6 Tumba (slap) D6 Udu (long) D#6 Udu (short)

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, BDFund, Keyswitches

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Latin America

Latin Percussion 2

C2 Cabasa (short) C#2 Cabasa (shake) D2 Cabasa (slap) D#2 Guiro (medium - short) F2 Guiro (medium - long) F# Guiro (medium - short) G#2 Guiro (medium - long) A2 Guiro (high - short) B2 Guiro (high - long) C3 Maracas (short) C#3 Maracas (long) D3 Maracas 2 (short) D#3 Maracas 2 (long) E3 Egg Shaker (short) F3 Egg Shaker 2 (short) F#3 Egg Shaker 3 (short) G3 Egg Shaker (medium) G#3 Egg Shaker 2 (medium) A3 Shekere (low) A#3 Shekere (high) B3 Shekere (short) C4 Shekere 2 (short) C#4 Claves (high) D4 Jam block (medium) D#4 Jam block (high) E4 Woodblock (high) F4 Agogo Bell (medium) F#4 Agogo Bell (closed) G4 Agogo Bell (high) G#4 Agogo Bell (high mute)

Rain Stick

e Rain Stick is a long, hollow tube ﬁlled with small beads which, when turned, simulate the sound of rain. Rain Sticks can be found in Chile and other regions of South America. e Chilean name for the Rain stick is “Palo de Lluvia.”

C2 - A2 – various pouring rain sounds

•

Controller Assignments:

A4 Bongo Bell (low open) A#4 Bongo Bell (low mute) B4 Bongo Bell (high open) C5 Bongo Bell (high mute) C#5 Cha Cha Bell (open) D5 Cha Cha Bell (mute) D#5 Timbale Bell (open) E5 Timbale Bell (mute) F5 Castanets F#5 Hand Claps G5 Finger snaps G#5 Jawbone A5 Rainstick 1 A#5 Rainstick 2 B5 Tambourine (short stroke) C6 Tambourine (roll) C#6 Tambourine (hit) D6 Triangle 1 (open) D#6 Triangle 1 (mute) E6 Triangle 2 (open) F6 Triangle 2 (mute) F#6 Whistle 1 (short) G6 Whistle 2 (long) G#6 Whistle 1 (short) A6 Whistle 2 (long) A#6 Whistle 3 (short ﬂutter) B6 Whistle 3 (medium ﬂutter) C7 Whistle 3 (long ﬂutter)

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Latin America

Controller Assignments:

Teponaxtli e Teponaxtli is a wooden slit drum from

central Mexico originally played by the Aztecs and surrounding cultures. It is made from a section of a hollowed hardwood tree trunk and has three slits on its top, cut into the shape of an “H.” e instrument is also known as the Teponaztli.

C2 - C3 – various hits

•

Tinaja

e Tinaja is an earthenware jug used for percussion in Flamenco music.

C2 - G#2 – various hits and pops

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Middle East

Arabian Frame Drum

Basic Middle East Percussion

Bendir e Bendir is a frame drum from Morocco,

Daﬀ

Darabuka

Arabian Frame Drums come in many sizes and variety. ey consist of a round wooden frame drum whose diameter is much bigger than its depth. Animal skin traditionally is stretched over the frame. Arabian Frame Drums are known by various names throughout the region.

C2 - E2 – various hits and a roll (E2)

•

e Basic Middle East Percussion set includes a select combination of percussion instruments from the Middle East region.

C2-D#2 – Bendir

•

E2-G#2 – Daﬀ

•

A2-E3 – Darbuka

•

F3-A#3 – Doira

•

B3-G#4 – Duﬀ

•

with two strings stretched across the underside, producing a distinctive buzzing sound, not unlike a snare.

C2 - D3 – various hits

•

e Daﬀ is a small-framed tambourine with metal discs commonly used throughout the Middle East. e instrument is also known as the Def.

C2 - D#7 – various hits and shakes

•

e Darabuka is a goblet-shaped drum used throughout the Middle East and surrounding regions. e instrument is also known by as a Darbuka.

C2 - E5 – various hits

•

Controller Assignments:

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Middle East

Controller Assignments:

Doira e Doira is a medium-sized frame drum

with jingles, used in classical music of Iran. e instrument is also known as a Ghaval.

C2 - F#3 – various hits

•

Duﬀ

Dumbek

Kashiklar

Kudum

Naqqāra

e Duﬀ is a frame drum that has a goatskin head stretched over the frame.

C2 - F#3 – various hits

•

e Dumbek is a very popular drum in the Middle East. It is goblet-shaped with a head stretched over the bowl that can produce a variety of sounds by being played by the hands and ﬁngers.

C2 - E3 – various hits, taps and rolls

•

e Kashiklar is a percussive wooden spoon instrument used in dance in various countries in the Middle East.

C2 - D#3 – various single and multiple

•

hits

e Kudum consists of a pair of small, hemispherical drums from Turkey that are used in dervish mystical music. e instrument is also known as the Ghodum.

C2 - A3 – various hits

•

e Naqqāra is a small drum with a rounded back and a hide head. e Naqqāra can be found in diﬀerent sizes in diﬀerent regions of Iran and there are some other Middle Eastern varieties of the instrument.

C2 - G2 – various hits

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Middle East

Controller Assignments:

Riqq e Riqq is a type of tambourine used in Ara-

bic music. It has a round wooden frame that is covered with thin animal or ﬁsh skin and equipped with double rows of metal jingles. In various regions the instrument is similar to the Daﬀ.

C2 - F5 – various hits and shakes

•

Ta r

Tumbak

Zarb

Zills

e Tar is a large single-headed frame drum from Egypt and the Middle East. e Tar is usually held with one hand and played with the other. Depictions of Tar drums date back thousands of years.

C2 - E4 – various hits

•

e Tumbak is a small single-headed drum played throughout Persia and the Middle East. It is shaped like a goblet with the upper half being wider than the lower, similar to the Darbuka.

C2 - F3 – various hits

•

e Zarb is an Iranian goblet-shaped drum, made of wood and covered with a goatskin. e Zarb is often used in classical Persian music as a main rhythm instrument.

C2 - F4 – various hits

•

Zills are small brass ﬁnger-cymbals used by belly dancers in the Middle East. ey are worn on the thumb and middle ﬁnger by dancers. e instrument is also known as the Sagat in some countries.

C2 - F4 – various rings, clangs and

•

clasps.

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

North America

Controller Assignments:

Buﬀalo Drum e Buﬀalo Drum is a large Native American

frame drum used for ceremonies and religious rituals. In the Native American tradition, music is a means of communicating with nature and the supernatural.

C2-F2 – various hits

•

Powwow Drums

e Powwow Drum comes in various sizes. e largest Powwow drum is often played by multiple drummers together in unison sitting in a circle around the drum. e Powwow drum has a large base covered with hide (buffalo, deer, or cow) and produces a deep sound.

C2-F2 – various hits

•

Native Log Drum

e Native American log drum is a small drum made from animal skin stretched over a hollowed log.

C2-A2 – various hits

•

Pueblo Drum (Taos)

e Taos drum is a traditional Pueblo Indian drum made from a hollow log frame with its walls thinned down.

C2-A3 – various hits

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var

2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq,

BDFund, Keyswitches

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Spoons See Kashiklar in Middle East percussion.

Washboard

e Washboard is used as a percussion instrument in bluegrass, dixieland, and other American folk music traditions. Sound is produced by scraping the corrugated metal surface of the washboard with comon metal ﬁnger thimbles.

C2-F3 – various hits and scrape rolls

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Oceania

Gamelan Balinese

Gamelan means orchestra in Balinese and represents the traditional music ensemble of Indonesia. Java and Bali have distinctive Gamelan ensembles and this collection includes both. e instruments in a Gamelan ensemble include a variety of instruments such as metallophones, xylophones, drums, gongs, and chimes. e distinctive ethereal sound of the gamelan can be attributed to the diﬀerences in tuning between instruments while playing interweaving patterns.

Angklung

Ceng Ceng

Gendér

Giying (Ugal)

e Angklung consists of pitched bamboo tubes hung from a wooden frame. In addition to being part of the Balinese Gamelan, there are also ensembles of angklung called Gamelan Angklung.

C2-A#2 – various hits of the various

•

bamboo tubes.

e Ceng Ceng is a set of small cymbals used in the Balinese gamelan for rhythm and color. Each cymbal diﬀers in diameter and thickness and creates a diﬀerent pitch.

C2-F#2 – various hits

•

e Gendér is a metallophone used in both Balinese and Javanese gamelan ensembles. It consists of 10 to 14 tuned metal bars suspended over tuned resonators. e Gendér instruments usually play the elaboration part to support the melody. Gendér Barung is pitched an octave lower than Gendér Panerus.

C2 – D#4 – various hits

•

e Giying, or Ugal, has ten keys and is the largest and deepest of the gangsa metallophones. It is played with wooden mallets while sitting on a chair or bench. e Giying plays an improvised version of the core melody,

C2 – C3 – various hits

•

Controller Assignments:

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Oceania

Controller Assignments:

Kantil e Kantil has ten metal keys and is played

with wooden mallets. It is the highest-pitched and one of the smallest gangsa instruments. e Kantil often plays the main melody and also interlocking parts.

C2 – D#4 – various hits

•

Kemong See Kenong in Gamelan Java

Kendhang

Pemade

Penyacah

Reyong

e Kendhang drums often provide the underlying beat for the Balinese gamelan orchestra. e Kendhang Ageng is the largest of the Kendhang drums and has a rich deep tone. e Kendhang Ciblon is a mediumsized drum that plays more complex rhythms. is instrument is similar to the Gendang in Malaysia and Ghi Nang in Vietnam.

C2 – G3 – Various strikes

•

C4–A4 – Ageng; C5-G#5 - Ciblon

e Pemade has ten metal bars that rest in a carved wooden frame and is played with wooden mallets. It is pitched one octave lower than the Kantil and also plays the main melody and interlocking parts.

C2 – C3– various hits

•

e Penyacah is a metallophone instrument with seven metal keys in a decorated wooden frame. It is played with wooden mallets with rubber tips. e Penyacah often plays the main melody.

C2 - G#2 – various hits

•

e Reyong consists of a long row of metal gong-chimes (resembling upside-down kettle pots) suspended on cords in a wood frame. Each pot has a diﬀerent pitch and is played with padded sticks.

C2 – A3 – various hits

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Oceania

Gamelan Javanese

Bonang e Bonang is a series of gong-chimes (some-

times called kettles or pots) resting on cords in a wooden cradle and arranged in two rows. Each gong has a diﬀerent pitch and is played with sticks that are lightly padded with coiled string. Bonang Panerus sounds one octave higher then Bonang Barung. e Bonang are similar to the Balinese Reyong.

C2 – E7 – various hits

•

Gong & Gong Ageng

e Gong Ageng is usually hung at the back of the gamelan. It has a ﬂat surface with a protruding knob at the center of the sphere. It can vary in size but is usually the largest hanging gong in the Javanese gamelan. e Gong Ageng is believed to embody the spirit of the gamelan and is therefore the most respected instrument in a gamelan.

C2 - A2 - Gong Ageng – various hits

•

Controller Assignments:

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var

2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq,

Keyswitches

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Kempul

Kempyang

e Kempul is a set of hanging pitched gongs used in Javanese gamelan. Each gong has a ﬂat surface with a protruding knob at the center. e number of Kempul can vary from gamelan to gamelan and the diﬀerent sizes produce diﬀerent pitches.

C2 – G#2 – various hits

•

e Kempyang consists of two kettle-gongs made of bronze and mounted in a wooden cradle. e two kettles are pitched about a semitone apart, producing a dissonant sound when played together. Together with the Ketuk, they keep the beat in the colotomic structure of the gamelan.

C2 – A#2 - various sustains & choke

•

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Oceania

Controller Assignments:

Kenong (Kemong)

Ketuk

Pelog Panerus

Saron Barung

e Kenong is a series of cradled kettle-gongs made of bronze and mounted in wooden cases. e Kenong comes in diﬀerent sizes and various sets are often situated around the player. e numbers of Kenong vary in diﬀerent gamelan ensembles and it is not uncommon for there to be about ten Kenongs in a gamelan. Also called Kemong in Balinese Gamelan.

C2 – C3 – various hits

•

A4 – G6 – various hits

•

e Ketuk consists of a single cradled kettlegong of deﬁnite pitch. In a Javanese gamelan ensemble, there usually is only one Ketuk, which serves as a punctuating instrument. It is often situated next to the Kempyang and pitched lower than the Kempyang.

C2 – A#2 - various sustains & choke

•

e Pelog Panerus is a metallophone instrument with seven bronze bars placed over a wooden frame—each bar tuned to a diﬀerent pitch. Javanese music uses two scales: a sevennote scale called pelog, and a ﬁve-note scale called slendro.

C2 – A2 – various hits

•

e Saron typically consists of seven bronze bars placed on top of a resonating frame. e Saron Barung is pitched one octave lower than the Saron Panerus and one octave higher than the Saron Demung. It is played with a wooden mallet.

C2 – A3 - various sustaining hits•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Oceania

Controller Assignments:

Saron Demong

Saron Panerus (Peking)

Slendro Panerus

Slentem

Hawaiian Percussion

Basic Hawaiian Percussion

e Saron Demung posseses the largest metal bars and produces the lowest sound among the sarons. Its pitches are an octave lower than the Saron Barung.

C2 – G#3 – various sustaining hits

•

Also known as Peking, the Saron Panerus is the smallest Saron in the Saron family. e Saron Panerus sounds an octave higher than the Saron Barung.

C2 – G#2 – various sustaining hits

•

e Slendro Panerus is similar to the Saron Panerus, but tuned to a diﬀerent tuning system. Slendro Panerus has seven metal bars placed on a resonating frame.

C2 – G#2 – various hits

•

e Slentem consists of bronze bars suspended over tube resonators. It has a range of about an octave. Slentem usually have seven bars that are tuned to either the Pelog system or the Slendro system. is instrument usually plays the main melody in a Gemelan ensemble.

C2 – C4 – various dampened hits

•

B4 – C6 – various sustaining hits

•

e Basic Hawaiian Percussion set includes a select combination of Hawaiian percussion instruments.

C2-E2 – Kaekeeke

•

F2-D#3 – Ipu

•

E3-G3 – Kaekeeke

•

G#3-D4 – Pahu Hula

•

D#4-C#7 – Lava Stones & Rattles

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Program Description:

Oceania

Controller Assignments:

Ipu e Ipu is a percussion instrument made from

a gourd and used for Hawaiian hula dancing.

C2-D#3, C4 – A#4 – various hits and

•

slaps

Kaekeeke

Kala’au

Lava Stones & Rattles (Ili’ili & ‘Uli’uli)

Pahu Hula

Toere

e Kaekeeke are long bamboo sticks played by striking the instrument on the ﬂoor.

C2-A#2, E3 – G3, C4 – E4 – various

•

hits and strikes on the ﬂoor

e Kala`au are rhythm sticks shaped from a resonant hardwood and played in pairs, often in association with Hawaiian hula dances.

C2-B3 – various hits of the sticks

•

Lava Stones, or ili’ili, are played by hula dancers. Lava stones are personal to the player as their size is chosen to ﬁt the player’s hands. Prior to the introduction of the ukulele into Hawaiian music over a century ago, most Hawaiian instruments were percussive. us, the main function of the ‘ili‘ili and other Hawaiian instruments is to help maintain the beat. Included in this instrument patch are Hawaiian ili’ili and ‘uli’uli rattle.

iE4 – G5 – various hitsx

e Hawaiian term “Pahu” literally means “drum.” Pahu drums are made of hollowed out coconut trunks and covered by either sharkskin or calfskin.e drum was seen as a vehicle for the spirit of the gods and is important for performing the hula.

G#4 – D5 – various hits

•

e Toere is a hollow log drum with a slit along the side. It is made from Hawaiian hardwoods and varies in size. Toere drum sticks are made from ironwood.

A5 – C7 – various hits

•

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

THE STRING INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description:

Africa

Controls:

Begena e Begena is an Ethiopian stringed instrument

that resembles a large lyre. e Begena has ten strings and leather thongs that give a buzzing sound.

Range: F1 – G3

•

Bolon

Domu

Kora

Ngoni

e Bolon, also known as the Nbolon, is a bass instrument with four strings. It is made of a gourd body with a bent ngoni-wood neck and twisted rawhide strings. is instrument is played in Guinea and surrounding regions and is used to accompany other instruments. e sound can be described as mellow and full.

Range: C2 - G2

•

e Domu (or Mangbetu) is a small arched bow harp from the Congo. e resonator is tightly covered with animal hide and fur, and it has two sound holes and an arched wood neck.

Range: G3 – G6

•

e Kora is a 21-stringed harp made out of a large calabash gourd covered with stretched skin, and it has a protruding stick to which strings are attached. e strings, made of ﬁshing line, are plucked using the thumb and index ﬁnger of both hands. e sound of a kora is similar to that of a delicate harp. e instrument is played throughout West Africa and most popular in Gambia and Senegal.

Range: C2 – C6•

e Ngoni is a banjo-like instrument found throughout West Africa. Its body is a hollowed-out piece of wood with dried animal skin stretched over it like a drum. e neck is a fretless dowel protruding from the body. e Ngoni’s strings are made of ﬁshing line. e American banjo is believed to be a descendant of the Ngoni.

Range: C2 – C5

•

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches (includes mutes)

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, VibAmt, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE STRING INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description:

China

Controls:

Choazhou Guzheng

Erhu

Guzheng

Pipa

e Choazhou Guzheng is popular in the southern coastal Chinese provinces, Taiwan, and other areas of Southeast Asia. is 17 metal-stringed Guzheng is a smaller version of the common 21to 26-string silk-stringed Guzheng. It has thin gauged strings and moveable bridges to adjust the pitch of each string.

Range: G2 – G5

•

e Erhu is a stringed instrument played with a bow and is one of the most popular Chinese instruments. e Erhu has two strings, a small body, and a long neck. e sound is similar to a violin, but thinner sounding due to the Erhu’s smaller resonating chamber.

Range: G3 – G6

•

e Guzheng is a long, zither-like instrument with 21 to 26 silk strings and movable bridges. e instrument has a long, rounded, wooden base over which the strings are stretched. Players play the strings with picks attached to their ﬁngers while touching or bending the strings with their other hand. It is also known as the Gu-Zheng, the Zheng, or Cheng. It is one of the most ancient Chinese musical instruments and still one of the most popular.

Range: C2 – C6

•

e Pipa is a four-stringed, pear-shaped, plucked instrument that is often used in Chinese music. e history of the Pipa dates back over 2,000 years. is instrument has a wide dynamic range and many playing techniques have developed.

Range: C2 – C7

•

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, BowNs, VibSpd, VibAmt, Keyswitches (include pizzicato)

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, VibAmt, Keyswitches (includes mutes)

THE STRING INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description:

China

Controls:

Yueqin

e Yueqin is also known as the Chinese moon lute and dates back over 2,000 years. “Yue” means “the moon” in Chinese. It is a fretted string instrument with a circular body, short neck and four metal strings played with a plectrum.

Range: C3 – G6•

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, VibAmt, Keyswitches (includes mutes)

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE STRING INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description:

India

Controls:

Electric Sitar

Sarangi

Sarangi Drone

Sitar

e Electric Sitar is an electric instrument designed to mimic the sound of the traditional Indian sitar. e instrument has six playing strings and additional sympathetic strings that are ampliﬁed with electric pickups.

Range: C2 – C7 (Drone: C2-B2)

•

e Sarangi is a bowed, boxy, short-necked ﬁddle from the Indian subcontinent. e instrument is roughly rectangular in shape and is about two feet long. It has three or four main playing strings that are played with a bow, and a number of metal strings (several dozen) that resonate sympathetically. e instrument has no frets or ﬁngerboard and notes are determined by sliding the ﬁngernail against the string rather than pressing it against a ﬁngerboard.

Range: C2 – C6 – Single notes plus the

•

resonating sympathetic string.

e sympathetic resonating string for the Sarangi.

Range: C2 – C6•

e Sitar is the most popular Indian stringed instrument. e instrument has a long neck with raised frets and a gourd base. Sitars have six or seven melody strings and about thirteen sympathetic strings that act as a drone. e drone notes resonates with the melody notes, giving the Sitar its distinctive sustaining sound. e Sitar is used for playing extended improvised melodies known as ragas.

Range: C2 – C6

•

C2-C3 cand be used as drone

•

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, VibAmt, Keyswitches

THE STRING INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description:

India

Controls:

Tambura e Tambura (or Tanpura) is an accompaniment

stringed instrument that provides a drone in classical Indian music. e instrument has a long neck and four to six sustaining strings that produce a long sustaining and buzzing drone sound. Although resembling a Sitar, Tamburas have fewer strings, no sympathetic strings, no frets, and a moveable bridge used to adjust the pitch.

Range: E1 – C5

•

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE STRING INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description:

Japan

Controls:

Koto e Koto is a Japanese zither. It is the largest of

the Asian zithers at around six feet in length. e instrument usually has 13 silk strings set upon movable bridges. e Koto is played horizontally and the player plucks the strings using picks attached to his or her ﬁngers. A common technique is “tsuki,” where the player plucks the string while pressing the string on the other side of the bridge with the other hand, causing the note to bend. Another technique is to pluck the string rapidly in alternating directions to produce a tremolo eﬀect.

Range: C3 – C6

•

Sanshin

Shamisen

e Sanshin is a three-string instrument that is very important in traditional Okinawan music. It is a precursor of the Japanese Shamisen and consists of a roughly square sound box covered with snakeskin, a long neck, and three strings. It is played with a plectrum worn on the index ﬁnger.

Range: C2- C6•

e Shamisen is a long-necked, fretless, threestringed instrument (Shamisen literally means “three ﬂavor strings”). e instrument is similar in sound and size to a banjo with a box-like skin-covered body. It has soap-soaked strings thar are plucked with a heavy ivory plectrum called a “bachi.”

Range: C2 – F6•

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, VibAmt, Keyswitches (incudles mutes)

THE STRING INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description:

Other Asian Regions

Controls:

Dan Tranh

Dan Ty Ba

Gopichand

e Dan Tranh is a zither-like instrument that is popular in Vietnam. It is similar to a small Chinese Zheng with 17 thin-gauged steel strings and a moveable bridge for each string. e Dan Tranh’s body is made from the Vietnamese wootung tree and has a distinctive bright and clear tone.

Range: C3 – G6•

e Ti-Ba, or Dan Ty Ba, is a pear-shaped and lute-like stringed instrument from Vietnam. is instrument has four strings of braided silk and four wooden tuning pegs on the neck. It is made from wood of the wootung tree and used in royal court ensembles is instrument is played with a plectrum.

Range: C2 – G6

•

e Gopichand is a popular folk instrument of Bengal. e two bamboo legs are squeezed together by the left hand while the right hand plucks the string, producing a distinctive bending sound. e Gopichand is used mainly as a rhythmic instrument.

Range: G3 – C6

•

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq) Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq) Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd,VibAmt, Keyswitches (incudles mutes)

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq) Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd,VibAmt, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE STRING INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description:

Europe

Controls:

Balalaika e Balalaika is one of the most popular and

best known instruments in Russia and Eastern Europe. is stringed instrument has a unique triangular body, a fretted neck, and three strings (sometimes four or six), and is played by plucking or strumming.

Range: G3 – C7

•

Bulgarska Tambura

Celtic Harp

Fiddle

Hurdy Gurdy

e Bulgarian Tambura is a mandolin-like instrument popular in folk music in the Balkans. e long neck is fretted and the eight strings (four pairs in unison) are played with a pick.

Range: C3 – E6

•

e Celtic harp is the national instrument of Ireland and its history extends over 1000 years. e Celtic harp often has 36 strings but that can vary. It uses sharping levers, rather than pedals, to play in diﬀerent keys. e instrument is played with both hands. Its sound is brighter than that of an orchestral harp.

Range: C2 – C7

•

e ﬁddle usually refers to a folk violin used for playing a wide variety of ethnic or traditional folk music. e ﬁddle is very popular in Irish, Gypsy, and other folk traditions throughout the world.

Range: G3 – G7

•

e Hurdy Gurdy, also known as a wheel ﬁddle, is a stringed instrument in which the strings are rubbed with a rosined rotating wheel. is wheel is turned with a crank, functioning much like a violin bow, and the left hand plays the melody on the keys of the keybox.

Range: C3 – G4

•

Vel (attack), MW (vol/ eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, VibAmt, Keyswitches (includes mutes)

Vel (attack), MW (vol/ eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, VibAmt, Keyswitches (incudles mutes)

Vel (attack), MW (vol/ eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, VibAmt, Keyswitches (includes Bisbigliando)

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, BowNs, VibAmt, Keyswitches (includesPizzicato)

Vel (attack), MW (vol/ eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, VibAmt,

THE STRING INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description:

Europe

Controls:

Mandolin e Mandolin is a lute-like instrument with a

teardrop-shaped (or oval) body with a soundhole and a straight fretted neck. e modern versions usually have eight metal strings in four pairs, tuned in unisons or octaves, and are either plucked or strummed in a tremolo. is instrument has become popular in Italy and throughout Europe.

Range: G3 – C7

•

Octave Mandolin

Wire Strung Harp (Clarsach)

Zitter

A pear-shaped Italian instrument with a fretted neck and from four to six pairs of strings, tuned an octave lower than a typical mandolin.

Range: C2 – C6•

e Wire Strung Harp, or Clarsach, is a traditional instrument of Ireland and serves as its national symbol. e technique of playing a wire-strung harp is diﬀerent from a gut or nylon strung harp. While certain ﬁngers play, other ﬁngers dampen the strings. e wire-string harp produces a beautiful, bell-like, haunting tone.

Range: F2 – C7

•

is Zitter is a ten string dulcimer-like instrument from Slovenia, with fretted bottom strings and the others playing open. e Zitter comes in many sizes and types throughout Europe and is believed to be the ancestor of the Mountain Dulcimer. It is known by various names—Epinette (France), Langspil (Iceland), and Scheitholz (Germany).

Range: C2 – C7

•

Vel (attack), MW (vol/ eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, VibAmt, Keyswitches (includes mutes)

Vel (attack), MW (vol/ eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches (includes bisbigliando)

Vel (attack), MW (vol/ eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE STRING INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description:

Latin America

South American Harp (Arpa)

Veracruz Harp

Guitarron e Guitarron is a large, deep-bodied Mexican

e South American Harp (or arpa) is common throughout South America and is the national instrument of Paraguay. is instrument is triangular in shape and is very light for its size. It typically has 36 nylon strings that are played with the ﬁngernails. e South American Harp produces a distinctly bright, clear sound.

Range: C2 – C7

•

e Veracruz Harp is popular in the Veracruz region of Mexico and is played in Mariachi bands. It is similar to the South American Harp in appearance and playing technique but usually has a wider body, a deeper tone, and is played standing up rather than sitting.

Range: C2 – C7

•

bass guitar with six strings and a fretless neck. e strings are thick and often played in octaves, with a strong, pronounced plucking action.

Range: G1 – G4

•

Controls:

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq),

Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2,

FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

(includes bisbigliando)

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq),

Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2,

FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

(includes Bisbigliando)

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, VibAmt, Keyswitches (includes mutes)

THE STRING INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description:

Middle East

Controls:

Oud e Oud is a pear-shaped Middle Eastern

lute with a short neck and eleven strings. e player uses a pick (originally made from a bird’s feather) to pluck the strings. e Oud is one of the most important instruments in Arabic classical music. e instrument is also known as the Ud.

Range: C3 – G5

•

Santoor

e Santoor is a dulcimer-like stringed instrument originating in Iran and is popular throughout the Middle East. Its wooden body is trapezoidal, with narrow sides and a wide soundboard. e instrument’s 72 strings are grouped into 2 to 3 strings per note. e instrument is played with two wooden hammers. One common technique is a bounce stroke where the mallet is bounced across the strings, producing quick repetitions. It is also known as the Santour, Santur, and Sanduri.

Range: G3 – G7

•

Vel (attack), MW (vol/ eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, VibAmt, Keyswitches (includes. Mutes)

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq),

Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2,

FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE STRING INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description:

North America

Controls:

Banjo e Banjo is a popular instrument in American

folk music. It consists of a circular drum body covered with a parchement drum head. Attached to the drum body is a long neck, similar to that of a guitar, with ﬁve or six strings. It is a descendant of African stringed instruments originating with African slaves.

Range: G2 – G6

•

Banjolele

Dulcimer

Fiddle See Europe: Strings

Fretless Zither

Hammered Dulcimer

e Banjolele (or banjo ukulele) is a fourstringed musical instrument with a small banjotype body and a fretted ukulele neck.

Range: G3 – C7

•

e Dulcimer is a stringed instrument that originates from the Appalachian Mountains of America. e Appalachian Dulcimer is shaped like an hourglass, played on the lap, and has a narrow ﬁngerboard attached to a larger soundbox underneath.

Range: G2 – C6

•

e Fretless Zither consists of a simple shallow box with many open metal strings stretched over the top. e melody strings on the right are tuned either diatonically (or sometimes chromatically). To the left are several chords made up of several strings that are grouped together. is instrument is also known as an American Zither.

Range: G3 – C7

•

See Middle East: Strings: Santoor

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, VibAmt, Keyswitches (includes. mutes)

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

THE STRING INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description:

North America

Controls:

Washtub Bass

e Washtub Bass, or “gutbucket,” is a singlestringed bass instrument that uses a metal washtub as a resonator.

Range: C2 – C4

•

Oceania

Rebab e Rebab is a two-stringed bowed instrument

used as a melodic voice in the Balinese gamelan. e Rebab’s heart-shaped body is made from wood or coconut shell and is covered with animal gut. e instrument is played with the player sitting cross-legged and holding it in a vertical position. e bow is made from wood and horse hair, similar to a violin bow.

Range: B4 – G5

•

Tenor Ukulele

Ukulele

e Tenor Ukulele is a larger version of the standard Ukulele. is instrument has eight strings: two strings are doubled and the third and fourth are paired with octaves.

Range: C3 – C6

•

e Ukulele is small guitar-shaped instrument of Hawaiian origin and the most popular instrument of the islands. e instrument has four nylon strings tuned to G-C-E-A. Ukuleles come in many diﬀerent sizes.

Range: C3 – G6

•

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, VibAmt, BndSpd, Keyswitches

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq) Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, BowNs, VibSpd,VibAmt, Keyswitches

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, VibAmt, Keyswitches (including mutes)

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

OTHER INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description:

Asia

Controls:

Bullroarer e Bullroarer consists of a piece of wood con-

nected to a long cord. It is played by swinging it lasso-style, over the head, which causes it to spin and make a humming sound. is type of instrument has been used in Hawaii, Polynesia, Native America, and other cultures throughout the world.

C3 – F3 – various whirs

•

Harmonium

Khaen Mouth Organ

e harmonium is a free-standing keyboard instrument. Sound is produced by air supplied by foot- or hand-operated bellows being blown through sets of free reeds. Notes are selected by playing the white and black keys on the front of the instrument. Some models feature a stop that creates a form of vibrato. A popular example of the use of a harmonium can be found in Beatles songs such as “We Can Work It Out.”

Range: C2 – C6

•

e Khaen, or ai Mouth Organ, is a small free-reed mouth organ from ailand. e instrument consists of a group of pipes connected with a small, hollowed-out hardwood reservoir into which air is blown. e Khaen is tuned to a pentatonic scale. It is also called a Pi Joom in Northern ailand.

Range: C5 – C7

•

Vel (vol/eq), Lgth, Var 1, Var 2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, VibAmt, Keyswitches

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Sus, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, AirNs, Bellows, Keyswitches

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Porta, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, AirNs, Fluttr, AutoLegato, BndSpd, Keyswitches

OTHER INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description:

Europe

Controls:

Alphorn e Alphorn, used by dwellers in the Swiss Alp

Mountains and Alpine regions, is a long hollow tube with a wooden mouthpiece. It is also known as the alpenhorn or alpine horn.

Range: C2 – C6

•

Concertina

Concert Accordion

French Accordion

e Concertina is a type of small accordion with a unique shape. It typically has buttons on both sides. Each button produces one note, unlike the accordion, which produces chords with a single button. e Concertina was reportedly developed in England and Germany. Its compact size makes it very mobile and visually entertaining.

Range: C3 – F6

•

e Accordion, also known as a squeezebox, originated in Austria in the nineteenth century and is now a common folk instrument throughout the world. e instrument consists of a bellows that the player expands and contracts, forcing air across a set of metal reeds to produce sound. Notes on a keyboard trigger the various reeds. In this library the Accordion uses the bassoon switch (one reed in the chamber) for a round warm sound.

Range: C2 – G6

•

French Accordion using a switch with three reeds.

Range: C2 – C6

•

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Porta, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, AirNs, Fluttr, AutoLegato

Vel (attack), Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, Bellows, BndSpd, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

OTHER INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description:

Europe

Controls:

Italian Mussette Accordion

e Italian Mussette Accordion is played throughout Italy. It uses a switch with three reeds (two mids and one high).

Range: C2 – C6

•

Latin America

Bandoneón e Bandoneón is a square-built button ac-

cordion, commonly used in Argentinean tango. Unlike the typical keyboard accordion, the Bandoneón has buttons on both sides rather than a keyboard. e switch used is a combined middle and low reed.

Range: C3 – C7

•

Steel Drums

Steel Drums are a set of pitched percussion instruments, each drum tuned chromatically. Each drum is skillfully hammered from 55-gallon steel oil drums and ﬁne tuned by beating the head into separate tuned areas. e instrument originates from Trinidad and is also known as steelpan or pans. ere are several pans in a steelpan band consisting of Tenor (lead), second, mid-range, and bass pans.

Range: G1 – G6

•

Vel (attack), Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, Bellows, BndSpd, Keyswitches

Vel (vol/eq), Var 1, Var 2, Lgth, FiltLv, FiltFq, Keyswitches

OTHER INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description:

North America

Controls:

Melodica e melodica is a mouth-blown free-reed instru-

ment consisting of a tube attached to a keyboard. e player blows into the tube while playing the keys of the keyboard. It can be played with articulation and expression like a wind instrument.

Range: C3 – C7

•

Harmonica

Bass Harmonic

e Harmonica is a free-reed wind instrument that is played by blowing or sucking air through holes (reed chambers). Each tone is determined by the size of reed. Longer reeds make deep, low sounds and short reeds make higher-pitched sounds. Pitches can alse be changed (bending a note) by redirecting air ﬂow into the chamber. ere are many types of Harmonicas, including diatonic, chromatic, tremolo, orchestral, and bass versions.

Range: C5 – G7

•

e Bass Harmonica has double sets of reeds tuned in octaves, with the bottom reeds play ing lower than the upper reeds.

Range: C2 – G3

•

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Porta, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, AirNs, Fluttr, AutoLegato, BndSpd, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

Garritan WORLD INSTRUMENTS Detailed Instrument List & Descriptions

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual