Garritan WORLD INSTRUMENTS Detailed Instrument List & Descriptions

DIRECTORY OF INSTRUMENTS IN

GARRITAN WORLD INSTRUMENTS

66

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Africa

Arghul e Arghul is a reed woodwind instrument that

consists of two asymmetrical pipes. One pipe, a chanter with between ﬁve and seven ﬁnger holes, is dedicated to the melody. e second pipe, longer than the ﬁrst, produces a drone. Arghuls come in diﬀerent sizes and are played in Egypt and surrounding regions.

Range: C3- C6

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Mijwiz 1

Mijwiz 2

e Mijwiz is a traditional instrument of Egypt and is one of the oldest wind instruments. Its name means “dual” as it consists of two short bamboo reed pipes tied together. Instead of having a separate reed attached to a mouthpiece, the reed in the Mijwiz is a vibrating tongue made from a slit cut into the wall of the instrument itself.

Range: C3 - C6

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Another Mijwiz instrument with a diﬀerent range and character.

Range: C4 - C6

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A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

China

Bawu e Bawu is a side-blown wind instrument

found throughout China. Although it resembles a ﬂute, it is actually a reed instrument. It is often played as a solo instrument, and is featured in ﬁlms and in popular music. It is also referred to as a Bawoo.

Range: G3- C6

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Di-Zi

Guanzi

Hulusi

e Di-Zi, or Chinese bamboo ﬂute, is the most common ﬂute of China. e Di-Zi is a side-blown bamboo ﬂute having six ﬁnger holes, and is characterized by an additional hole covered by a piece of thin ﬁber (Muo kong) that buzzes when played and creates a distinctive tone. e Di-Zi is also known as the Ti-tzu or Hengdi.

Range: C4- C7

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e Guanzi is a Chinese double-reed wind instrument. Its name literally means “tube,” which describes its cylindrical shape. It is usually made from rosewood and has seven ﬁnger holes with one or two thumb holes. e ends of the instrument are decorated with metal. Also called Guan or Bili.

Range: G3- C6

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e Hulusi is a popular Chinese reed instrument. e instrument has a gourd wind chamber, a main melody pipe with seven ﬁnger holes, and one or two auxiliary drone pipes. Hulusi means “gourd silk,” referring to the instrument’s soft silky tone.

Range: G3- C6

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THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

China

Sheng e Sheng, or Chinese Mouth Organ, is a

multiple free-reed instrument consisting of a bundle of 13-17 vertical pipes fastened together. Sound is produced by blowing air into a mouthpiece at the base and covering the holes on the various pipes. e Sheng can produce interesting chords as well as single notes, and is used as both a solo and accompanying instrument. Also called Shung.

Range: C4- C7

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Suona

Xiao

e Suona is a double-reed wind instrument with a ﬂaring metal bell at its end. It has a distinctively loud tone and is used in Chinese traditional music ensembles and outdoor performances. e Suona is also known as a Laba.

Range: C4 - G6

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e Xiao is a Chinese end-blown ﬂute that has been used in Chinese music for over two millenenia. e instrument has six ﬁnger holes and is played vertically—similarly to the Shakuhachi. It is usually made of dark brown bamboo. e Xiao has a soft and low tone. e Xiao is also known as the the Di Xiao or Dong Xiao.

Range: C3- C7

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A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

India

Bansuri 1 e Bansuri is a large side-blown alto ﬂute of

Northern India and surrounding regions. It is made of a single length of bamboo with six or seven ﬁnger holes. Bansuris range in length from about 12 inches up to about 40 inches, with 20-inch bansuris being the most common. is instrument is associated with the god Krishna who was often depicted playing a Bansuri.

Range: C3- C8

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Bansuri 2 (Venu)

Pungi Snake Charmer

Another Bansuri instrument with a diﬀerent timbre and character. Venu is a variant of the Bansuri used in Southern Indian Carnatic music.

Range: C3- C8

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e Pungi Snake Charmer’s pipe is a North Indian reed instrument used by snake charmers. It consists of two pipes, a melody chanter and a drone, that are attached to a gourd. To produce sound, the player blows into a mouthpiece attached to the top and plays the chanter with his ﬁngers. e reeds are placed inside a protective gourd, so the player’s lips never touch them. e instrument is also known as the Bean.

Range: C3- C6

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THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

India

Shenai e Shenai is an Indian reed instrument with

a wooden body and a brass bell. It is mainly a Northern Indian instrument although there are Carnatic variants in Southern India. e instrument commonly has seven to nine ﬁnger holes and is played like an oboe. It is actually a quadruple-reed instrument that has two upper reeds and two lower reeds. e Shenai is thought to bring good luck and is often played at Indian weddings and festivals.

Range: C3- C7

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Shiva Whistle

e Shiva Whistle is a small wooden wind instrument. It has a picture of the Hindu diety Shiva on it. It diﬀers from the Bansuri in that it is an end blown instrument and not a sideblown ﬂute.

Range: C5- C8

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A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Japan

Hichiriki e Hichiriki is a cylindrical double-reed wind

instrument used in the Gagaku (court) music of Japan. It is characterized by its nasal timbre. e instrument has a narrow range but with its large reed there is great ﬂexibility of pitch and embellishment techniques.

Range: C4- G6

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Knotweed Flute

Shakuhachi

is Knotweed Flute is a small six-holed endblown ﬂute made from the bamboo-like stalks of the Knotweed.

Range: C4- C8

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e Shakuhachi is a traditional notched ﬂute from Japan. e end-blown ﬂute has ﬁve ﬁnger holes and a thumb hole. e instrument is made from the root of the bamboo and is crafted with precision. Although tuned to a pentatonic (ﬁve note) scale, by using various ﬁngerings (partial holings) and by controlling the embouchure, the player can produce great ﬂexibility in tone and pitch.

Range: C3- C7

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THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Other Asian Regions

Bamboo Flute

Jogi Baja

Piri

See Europe: Bamboo Flute

e Jogi Baja is a double-reed instrument from Nepal played in various ceremonies and rituals. Players of the instrument often use the technique of circular breathing, which allows the player to play extended passages.

Range: C3- C7

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e Piri is a Korean double reed instrument used in both the folk and court music of Korea. It is made of bamboo and has seven ﬁnger holes. Its large reed and cylindrical bore give it a sound mellower than that of many other types of oboe.

Range: C3- C6

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Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Porta, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, AirNs, Fluttr, AutoLegato, BndSpd, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Europe

End Blown Flutes:

Double Flute e Double Flute originates from Albania.

is ﬂute is distinctive in that it combines two ﬂute bores, combining a familiar six-hole shepherd pipe and an overtone ﬂute.

Range: C4- C7

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Dvojnice Double Flute

Dvojnice Double Flute Drone

Kaval

e Dvojnice (double shepherd pipe) is a carved wooden double-tube ﬂute from the Balkans. is traditional instrument has seven ﬁnger holes, three on one pipe and four on the other, allowing the player to play a harmony at the same time as the melody.

Range: C4- C8

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is instrument is the second pipe for the Double Flute above. e player begins a tune by playing one pipe to state the melody and the harmony on the drone side is then added.

Range: C4- C8

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e Kaval is a long end-blown ﬂute from Bulgaria and the Balkans and is used in folk music in the region. e Kaval is fully open at both ends and sound is made by blowing across the sharpened edge of the mouthpiece. e instrument has eight playing holes (seven in front and one in the back) and four extra holes near the bottom of the instrument.

Range: C4- C7

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THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Europe

Overtone Flutes:

Bass Overtone Flute

Koncovka Alto Flute

Tenor Overtone Flute

Whistles:

Clarke Pennywhistle

is Overtone Bass Flute, or Bass Fujara, is a large instrument in the key of G. is contrabass Slovakian instrument can be as large as ﬁve and a half feet long and produces a wide range of harmonics and overtones.

Range: C3- C6

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e Koncovka is a Slovakian overtone alto ﬂute that is traditionally played by shepherds. is instrument is in the key of D and plays melodies with no ﬁnger holes. Melodies are created on the Koncovka ﬂute by blocking (fully or partially) the bottom hole of the ﬂute with the index ﬁnger to create various pitches.

Range: G4- C8

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e Fujara is a folk shepherd’s ﬂute originating from the Slovakian mountain region. is Tenor Overtone Flute is often played while standing. Although it has no ﬁnger holes, a range of a few octaves can be achieved with the right combination of breath and blocking.

Range: C4 - C7

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Clarke has been the leading maker of Irish Pennywhistles for over 150 years. Clarke Pennywhistles are known for their clear distinctive tone quality. Penywhistles come in a variety of sizes and keys. A skilled player can make a Pennywhistle sing with ornaments, trills, ﬂutter tonguing, and eﬀects.

Range: C4 – C8

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A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Europe

Handmade Pennywhistle

Low Irish Whistle

Pennywhistle in Bb

Pennywhistle in D

is handmade Pennywhistle is a ﬁne handcrafted six-holed instrument. In recent years, with the popularity of Titanic and Riverdance, a number of instrument craftsmen in diﬀerent countries have started lines of high-end Pennywhistles made of exotic woods and ﬁne materials.

Range: C4 – C8

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e Low Irish Whistle has one of the most distinctive sounds in Irish music. Its unique sound has been used in ﬁlms such as the haunting Titanic soundtrack and in River- dance. e Low Whistle is the Low D that is pitched one octave below the traditional D whistle.

Range: C3 – C7

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Pennywhistles originated in Ireland centuries ago. is pennywhistle is an end-blown ﬂute tuned in the key of Bb, which is the lowest note it is capable of playing. e Bb Pennywhistle is one of the most standard Pennywhistle instruments.

Range: F4 - F7

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e D Pennywhistle is the most popular key because so much Irish and Celtic music is in the key of D. Although a diatonic instrument, it is also possible to play chromatically by half-holing or cross-ﬁngering.

Range: A4 - A7

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THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Europe

Pennywhistle in G

Sopilka Whistle

Susato Pennywhistle

Tin Whistle in Bb

e G Pennywhistle is rare and not as common as the other keys.

Range: D5 - C8

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e Sopilka Whistle is a Ukrainian highpitched folk whistle. e instrument is similar in range to the common piccolo ﬂute. e sound of the Sopilka depends on the strength of the player’s blowing into the instrument.

Range: C5 – C8

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e Susato Pennywhistle is made of sturdy plastic. Some prefer these whistles not only for their tone, but also because they are less aﬀected by changes in temperature or atmosphere than metal-based whistles.

Range: C4 – C8

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Another version of the Bb Pennywhistle.

Range: F4 - F7

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A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Europe

Recorders:

Alto Recorder

e Recorder (also known as “ﬂûte à bec” in France, “blockﬂöte” in Germany, and “ﬂauto dolce” in Italy) has a long history in Europe dating from Medieval times. Recorders are generally end-blown ﬂutes with seven ﬁnger holes and a range of about two octaves. e alto instrument is pitched in the key of F and is also known as the Treble Recorder.

Range: C4- G7

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Bass Recorder

Piccolo Recorder

e Bass Recorder is the largest and deepest-voiced instrument of the recorder family. is instrument has a bocal or bent-neck design to direct the player’s breath to the main body of the instrument. e instrument is pitched in the key of F.

Range: C3- C6

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e Piccolo Recorder, or Garklein, is the smallest of all the recorders, approximately six inches in length. ough not used as frequently as other recorders it often serves to ﬁll out chords in ensembles. is instrument is pitched in the key of C.

Range: C5- C8

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THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Europe

Sopranino Recorder

Soprano Recorder

Tenor Recorder

Reeds:

Diplica e Alto Natural clarinet, or Diplica, is an

e Sopranino Recorder is the highest voiced recorder used in a typical recorder family. It is pitched in the key of F.

Range: F5 – C8

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e Soprano Recorder is the most common among learners and is often used in classroom setting. It is about twelve inches in length and pitched in the key of C.

Range: G4- G7

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e Tenor Recorder is known for its soft, melodious sound. It is pitched in the key of C.

Range: G3- G6

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ancient, clarinet-like instrument from the Czech Republic, Hungary, and parts of Croatia. is single-reed instrument consists of a single wood pipe with seven ﬁnger holes.

Range: G2 – C5

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A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Europe

Folk Shawm e Folk Shawm, also known as a Mey, is

an ancient folk instrument that has changed little over the centuries. is double-reed instrument is made from cherry wood and has seven ﬁnger holes.

Range: C3 – C5

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Chanters & Bagpipes:

Bagpipes have a long history throughout Europe and are part of the musical traditions of many countries. e instrument consists of a single- or double-reed instrument that uses a bag (traditionally made from animal skin) to retain and blow air to vibrate reeds. e bag is pressed with the arm to send air to a reed pipe with ﬁnger holes called the chanter, which produces the melody notes. Some bagpipes can also produce a drone that accompanies the melody, but unlike the familiar Scottish bagpipes, many European bagpies are droneless.

Catalan Bagpipes

Duda Bagpipes

e Catalan bagpipes have a diﬀerent character and the widest range, approximately three octaves. ere are several names for the Catalan bagpipes: coixinera, caterineta, borrega, manxa borrega, mossa verda, ploranera, Sac de les Aspres, and Sac de Gemecs (which means “bag of moans”).

Drone Range: C2- B2

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Melodic Range: C3- C6

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e Duda is popular throughout Eastern Europe. e chanter of the Duda has a double reed similar to an oboe, and a conical bore with seven ﬁnger-holes. is chanter is relatively high pitched and has a range of approximately two octaves.

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Drone Range: C2- B2

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Melodic Range: C4- C6

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Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Porta, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, AirNs, AutoLegato, BndSpd, Keyswitches

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Europe

Gaita Bagpipes

Koza Bagpipes

Scottish Highland Bagpipes

Uilleann Pipes

e Gaita, which means “bagpipe,” is a traditional bagpipe used in Spain and Portugal. e Gaita has become popular in recent years in pipe bands. e Gaita chanter has a range of approximately three octaves.

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Drone Range: C2- B2

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Melodic Range: C4- C7

e Koza is a Polish bagpipe that consists of a large goatskin bag and a single reed chanter. e chanter has a range of approximately two octaves.

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Drone Range: C2- B2

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Melodic Range: C3- C5

Scottish Highland Bagpipes, or the Great Highland Bagpipes, are the most recognized of the bagpipes and represent the national instrument of Scotland. Scottish Bagpipes are commonly used in formal ceremonies throughout the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth Nations.

Drone Range: C2- B2

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Melodic Range: C3- E5

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e Uilleann Pipes are the national bagpipe of Ireland. ey are distinguished from other bagpipes as air is not blown with the mouth but rather air is pumped into the bag by means of a bellows attached to the player’s elbow. e instrument is known for its sweet tone and wide range of expression. e instrument has been more recently popularized years in Riverdance.

Melodic Range: G3-G6 (drone C2-B2)•

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A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Europe

Side Blown Flutes:

Bamboo Flute

Bone Flute 1

Bone Flute 2

Irish Flute

is small instrument is a simple Bamboo Flute with six holes and is in the key of F. ere are a variety of small bamboo ﬂutes from many cultures.

Range: C4 - C8

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A Bone Flute unearthed in Slovenia is reported to be the oldest handcrafted musical instrument. is six-hole Bone Flute is also from Slovenia and is carved from the thighbone of a turkey.

Range: C5 - C7

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Another Bone Flute from Slovenia. is instrument has seven ﬁnger holes.

Range: C5 – C8

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e Irish Flute is a popular side-blown ﬂute used in traditional Irish music. e basic instrument is a simple wooden ﬂute with six open holes and tuned in the key of D, a widely used key for Irish music.

Range: C3 - C7

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THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Europe

Shepherds Folk Pipe 1

Shepherds Folk Pipe 2

e Shepherds Folk Pipe, or Soprano Folk Pipe, is a six-hole end-blown ﬂute in the key of D. e Shepherd’s Pipe is played by Slovak shepherds to accompany them while herding their sheep.

Range: G4 - G7

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A tenor version of the Soprano Shepherd’s Folk Pipe. is ﬂute is a six-hole end-blown folk ﬂute and plays an octave lower than the Shepherds Folk Pipe 1

Range: G3 – G6

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A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Latin America

Andean Panpipes

Ocarina 1

Ocarina 2

e Andean Panpipes (or panﬂutes) is a popular folk instrument in the Andes mountains region of South America. e instrument consists of two rows of bamboo pipes of gradually increasing length, joined together in a bundle and giving the alternate notes of the scale. Each pipe is tuned to a certain note depending on its length. Panpipes produce their distinctive breathy sound when the player blows horizontally across the open end of the pipes. Panpipes are also known as Zampoñas.

Range: C4 – C7

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e Ocarina is a simple wind instrument having a hollow oval body with ﬁnger holes. Sound is produced by covering various holes with the ﬁngers and by blowing through the sound hole. e tone can also be varied by how hard the player blows into the instrument. e Ocarina is believed to have originated from Mesoamerica with the Mayan and the Aztecs.

Range: G4 – C7x

Another Ocarina instrument with a diﬀerent timbre and character.

Range: G4 – C7

x

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THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Latin America

Peruvian Panpipes

Quena

Ta r ka

Panpipes have long been a part of the culture of Peru and other Andean regions. is Panpipe instrument has a diﬀerent range and character than the traditional Andean panpipes. It is played by Peruvian folk musicians of the Andes mountains. Also known as Siku.

Range: C5- C8

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e Quena is an end-blown Shepherd’s ﬂute originating in the Andean region of South America prior to the Spanish conquest. e instrument is made from carved bamboo cane with a U-shaped mouthpiece and has six ﬁnger holes in front and one in the back. It is also known as a Kena.

Range: C4 - C7

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e Tarka is a unique rectangular ﬂute that originates from the Andes Mountain highlands. It is made from wood, carved with traditional designs, and hand painted in rich colors. e instrument has six ﬁnger holes and a whistletype mouthpiece.

Range: C4 - G6

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A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Middle East

Duduk e Duduk is known for its hauntingly beauti-

ful and expressive tone. is instrument has a small body with a large double reed and is capable of sustaining drone notes for long periods of time. Originally from Armenia, the Duduk can be found throughout Turkey, Persia, and surrounding areas. e instrument has not changed through the centuries and has become popular in recent years. It is featured in such ﬁlms as Gladiator and e Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.

Range: G2 - G5

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Maqrunah

e Maqrunah is a reed instrument from Tunisia and Libya and often played by shepherds. A unique characteristic is its horn bell at one end. Although the Maqrunah has a limited melodic range, it produces a distinctly ornate and breathy tone.

Range: C4 – C6

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THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

North America

Bottle Blows

Fife

Native American Flute

PVC Flute

e Bottle Blows consist of diﬀerent size bottles and jugs of diﬀerent materials. Sound is produced by the player holding the mouth of the bottle or jug near his or her mouth and blowing across the top. ese instruments are common in jug bands.

Range: C2 - G4

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e Fife is a small, high-pitched, transverse ﬂute used in Appalachian folk music. It is a simple instrument usually consisting of a tube with six ﬁnger holes and diatonic tuning. e Fife is similar to a piccolo, but can be louder and shriller due to its narrower bore.

Range: C4 – C8

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e design of the Native American Flute is signiﬁcantly diﬀerent than the construction of ﬂutes from anywhere else in the world. It has ﬁve or six ﬁnger holes on the bottom and is typically made with two air chambers. e Native American ﬂute has achieved some measure of fame for its distinctive sound, and is used in a variety of ﬁlms, documentaries, and world music recordings.

Range: C3 – C7

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e Plumber’s Pipe is a simple ﬂute made from inexpensive plastic PVC plumbing pipe. Plastic plumbing pipe is considered ideal for simple ﬂutes since it is easy to work with, waterproof, nearly unbreakable, and sounds remarkably good.

Range: C4 – G6

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Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Porta, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, AirNs, Fluttr, Auto-Legato, Keyswitches

Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Porta, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, AirNs, Fluttr, Auto-Legato, BndSpd, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

North America

Slide Whistle

e Slide Whistle, also known as a Swanee Whistle, is a wind instrument consisting of a tube with a slide piston in it. Moving the slide varies the pitch. e slide whistle is commonly used as a sound eﬀect (in animated cartoons or in comedy soundtracks). It is possible to play serious melodies on the slide whistle.

Range: G3 – G7

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Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Porta, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, AirNs, Fluttr, Auto-Legato, BndSpd, Keyswitches

THE WIND INSTRUMENTS

ARIA name: Description: Controls:

Oceania

Conch Shell e Conch Shell, or shell trumpet, is a wind

instrument made from a seashell. A hole is carved in the end of the shell and the player blows into the instrument like a trumpet. Polynesian Conch Shell trumpets were historically used throughout the South Paciﬁc. In some Polynesian islands it is known as the Putatara to the Maori. is instrument was featured in the score for the ﬁlm Alien.

Range: C3 - E4

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Didgeridoo

Hawaiian Nose Flute

e Didgeridoo is a wind instrument developed by indigenous Australians and is now popular throughout the world. e didgeridoo is traditionally made from hollowing out a eucalyptus tree, but modern instruments are made from a variety of woods, PVC, and other materials. It is played by holding the end to the mouth and vibrating the lips to produce a drone sound while using a special circular breathing technique. e sound can be varied by imparting vocalizations. e Didgeridoo is used by indigenous Australians to bring the listener into a dream state.

Range: C3 – C6

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e Hawaiian Nose Flute, or Ohe Hano Ihu, is a bamboo ﬂute that is played with the breath from the nose rather than the mouth. Although capable of only one octave, it produces a beautiful tone. Like other nose ﬂutes in various cultures, it was traditionally used between lovers.

Range: G4 – C7

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Vel (attack), MW (vol/eq), Porta, Lgth, VAR1, VAR2, FiltLv, FiltFq, VibSpd, Vib Amt, AirNs, Fluttr, Auto-Legato, BndSpd, Keyswitches

A User’s Guide to Garritan World Instruments

Garritan WORLD INSTRUMENTS Detailed Instrument List & Descriptions

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual