Garland G280-2 User Manual

INSTALLATION AND

OPERATION MANUAL

GAS SINGLE AND DOUBLE OVENS

RESTAURANT SERIES MODEL G280-2

MASTER SERIES M1R AND M2R

FOR YOUR SAFETY:

DO NOT STORE OR USE GASOLINE

OR OTHER FLAMMABLE VAPORS OR

LIQUIDS IN THE VICINITY OF

THIS OR ANY OTHER

APPLIANCE

WARNING:

IMPROPER INSTALLATION, ADJUSTMENT,
ALTERATION, SERVICE OR MAINTENANCE
CAN CAUSE PROPERTY DAMAGE, INJURY,

OR DEATH. READ THE INSTALLATION,

OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE

INSTRUCTIONS THOROUGHLY

BEFORE INSTALLING OR

SERVICING THIS EQUIPMENT

AND RETAIN FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.

THIS PRODUCT HAS BEEN CERTIFIED AS
COMMERCIAL COOKING EQUIPMENT AND
MUST BE INSTALLED BY PROFESSIONAL

PERSONNEL AS SPECIFIED.

IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS

THIS PRODUCT MUST BE INSTALLED BY A

LICENSED PLUMBER OR GAS FITTER. APPROVAL
NUMBER: G-1-07-05-28

For Your Safety:
Post in a prominent location, instructions to be
followed in the event the user smells gas. This
information shall be obtained by consulting

your local gas supplier.

Users are cautioned that maintenance and repairs must be performed by a Garland authorized service agent
using genuine Garland replacement parts. Garland will have no obligation with respect to any product that has been
improperly installed, adjusted, operated or not maintained in accordance with national and local codes or installation
instructions provided with the product, or any product that has its serial number defaced, obliterated or removed,
or which has been modified or repaired using unauthorized parts or by unauthorized service agents.
For a list of authorized service agents, please refer to the Garland web site at http://www.garland-group.com.
The information contained herein, (including design and parts specifications), may be superseded and is subject
to change without notice.

PLEASE READ ALL SECTIONS OF THIS MANUAL

GARLAND COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIES

185 East South Street
Freeland, Pennsylvania 18224
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Part #1382650 Rev 4 (12/07) © 2004 Garland Commercial Industries, Inc.

Part # 1382650 Rev 4 (12/07) Page 1

GARLAND COMMERCIAL RANGES, LTD.

1177 Kamato Road, Mississauga, Ontario L4W 1X4
CANADA
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Enodis UK LTD.

Swalloweld Way, Hayes, Middlesex UB3 1DQ ENGLAND
Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

WARNING:
This product contains chemicals known to the state of california to cause cancer and/or birth defects
or other reproductive harm. Installation and servicing of this product could expose you to airborne
particles of glass wool/ceramic fibers. Inhalation of airborne particles of glass wool/ceramic fibers
is known to the state of california to cause cancer. Operation of this product could expose you to
carbon monoxide if not adjusted properly. Inhalation of carbon monoxide is known to the state of
california to cause birth defects or other reproductive harm.

Keep appliance area free and clear of combustibles.

Part # 1382650 Rev 4 (12/07)Page 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

IMPORTANT INFORMATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

DIMENSIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS, MODEL M1R, M2R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

DIMENSIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS, MODEL G280-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Model G280-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Models M1R and M2R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

INSTALLATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Rating Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Gas Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Installation for Ovens Equipped with Casters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Installation for Ovens Equipped with Legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Ventilation and Air Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Assembly of Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Pressure Regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

OPERATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Oven Lighting Procedure (All Models) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Painted Finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Stainless Steel Finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Oven Interior (porcelain enamel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Oven Interior, (optional continuous clean) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

OVEN PILOT ADJUSTMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

TROUBLE SHOOTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Part # 1382650 Rev 4 (12/07) Page 3

DIMENSIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS, MODEL M1R, M2R

54-1/4"

[1378mm]

M2R

30-1/4"

[768mm]

M1R

6"

[152mm]

34"

[864mm]

33-1/4"

[845mm]

1-1/4" NPT
GAS INLET

33-7/8"

[860mm]

14-1/4"

[362mm]

34"

[864mm]

1-3/4"

[44mm]

Product

M1R 34(864) 38(965) 36-3/8(924) 30-3/8(772) 26-1/4(667) 29(737)** 13-1/2(343)

M2R 34(864) 38(965) 60-3/8(1534) 54-3/8(1381) 26-1/2(667) 292(737) 20-1/2(519)

Width:

In(mm)

INPUT-BTU/hr (Natural Gas) M1R kW Equivalent M2R kW Equivalent

RC=Range w/Convection Oven R=Range w/Oven S=Range w/Storeage Base T=Modular Top

Depth:
In(mm)

Oven

TOTAL

Combustible Wall Clearances ¹ Entry Clearances Operating Pressure

Sides: 6” (152mm)

Back: 6” (152mm)

¹NOTE: Installation clearance reductions are applicable only where local codes permit.

Height:
In(mm)

(w/ NSF Legs)

**RC oven is 25”(635mm) deep

40,000
40,000

INSTILLATION NOTES Shipping Wt: (Lb/Kg)

Crated: 39-1/4”(997mm)

Uncrated: 34-1/4” (870mm)

Height: In(mm)

(w/o NSF Legs)

11.72

11.72

Natural: 6 WC (15mbar)

Propane: 10 WC (25mbar)

80,000
80,000

Data applies only to North America.
Gas input ratings shown here are for installations up

to 2,000 ft. (610m) above sea level.
Specify altitudes over 2,000 ft.
Electrical characteristics each RC oven: 1/3 HP motor,

120 VAC, single phase, 3.4 amps, 6 ft. (1.8m) power
supply cord provided, 230 VAC export is direct
connect, single phase, 50 Hz.

Commercial cooking equipment requires an adequate
ventilation system. For additional information, refer
to the National Fire Protection Association's standard
NFPA96. (North America only).

Please specify gas type when ordering.

Oven Interior: in(mm)

Width Depth Height

23.44

23.44

M1R 480/220
M2S 480/220

Part # 1382650 Rev 4 (12/07)Page 4

DIMENSIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS, MODEL G280-2

4"

[102mm]

29"

[737mm]

30"

[762mm]

7"

[178mm]

3"

[76mm]

FLUE

OPENING

23-1/2"

[597mm]

5"

[127mm]

23-1/2"

[597mm]

6"

[152mm]

53-1/2"

[1359mm]

58"

[1473mm]

15-1/2"

[394mm]

3/4" N.P.T.
REAR GAS
INLET

Oven Interior Dimensions Installation Clearances Entry Clearances Shipping Wt.

Height Width Depth Sides Rear Crated Uncrated Lbs. Kg

13-12"

(343mm)

NOTE: Installation clearance reductions are applicable only where local codes permit.
This product is not approved for residential use.

26-1/4"

(667mm)

22"

(559mm)

6"

(152mm)

6"

(152mm)

46"

(1168mm)

Input Rating (Nat Gas) Operating Pressure

Oven (each) Natural Propane

BTU kW "WC mbar "WC mbar

30.000 8.78 4.5 11 10 25

Gas input ratings shown for installations up to 2000 ft., (610m), above sea level.

Please specify altitudes over 2000 ft.

Commercial cooking equipment requires an
adequate ventilation system. For additional
information, refer to the National Fire Protection
Association's standard NFPA96..

34"

(864mm)

535 243

Part # 1382650 Rev 4 (12/07) Page 5

SPECIFICATIONS

Model G280-2

Oven interior dimensions are 26¼” wide (667mm) x 22” deep
x 13½” high (343mm), designed with embossed side liners
to achieve the maximum in thermal convection action for
uniform heat distribution and control. Oven sides, back, deck
and door linings coated in porcelain enamel make clean-up
easier and ensure long life. Burner compartment is lined
with corrosion resistant steel. Heavy oven rack provided (one
rack per oven standard), with adjustable in two positions.
Oven input is 35,000 BTU’s (10.25kW) per cavity. Individual
on-o valve and 100% safety pilot system provided as
standard equipment. Door springs and 100% safety pilot
system are located out of heat zone and easily accessible for
maintenance.

INSTALLATION

Models M1R and M2R

High capacity oven is 13½” high (343mm) x 26 ¼’ wide
(667mm) x 29” deep (737mm). Individual on-o valve, 100%
safety pilot and one heavy duty rack are standard. Oven
input is 40,000 BTU’s (11.72kW) per cavity.

Exclusive heat ow over design eliminates, hot spots and
gives consistently even oven temperatures. Oven sides, back,
deck and door linings coated in porcelain enamel make
clean-up easier and ensure long life. Door springs and 100%
safety pilot system are located out of heat zone and easily
accessible for maintenance.

Rating Plate

When corresponding with the factory or your local
authorized factory service center regarding service problems
or replacement parts, be sure to refer to the particular unit
by the correct model number (including the prex and sux
letters and numbers) and the warranty serial number. The
rating plate axed to the unit contains this information.

We suggest installation, maintenance and repairs should be
performed by your local authorized service agency listed in
your information manual pamphlet.

In the event you have any questions concerning the
installation, use, care or service of the product, write or call
our Product Service Department.

This product must be installed by professional personnel as
specied. Garland/U.S. Range products are not approved or
authorized for home or residential use, but are intended for
commercial applications only. Garland / U.S. Range will not
provide service, warranty, maintenance or support of any
kind other than in commercial applications.

Gas Supply

A. The type of gas for which the unit is equipped is stamped

on the data plate located behind the lower front panel.
Connect a unit stamped “Nat” only to natural gas; connect
those stamped “PRO” only to propane gas.

B. If it is a new installation have the gas authorities check

meter size and piping to assure that the unit is supplied
with sucient amount of gas pressure required to
operate the unit.

C. If it is additional or replacement equipment have gas

authorities check pressure to make certain that existing
meter and piping will supply fuel to the unit with not
more than ½” water column pressure drop.

NOTE: When checking gas pressure to be sure that all other
equipment on the same gas line is on. A pressure regulator
is supplied with model G280-2. A pressure regulator is not
supplied as standard equipment with models M1R and M2R,
however a 1-1/4” pressure regulator is sold as an option
with the original purchase. If you would like to purchase a
regulator after original purchase contact your equipment

Part # 1382650 Rev 4 (12/07)Page 6

INSTALLATION Continued

dealer. Installation must conform with the National Fuel Gas
Code ANSI Z223.1-1988 or latest edition, NFPA No. 54- Latest
Edition and National Electrical Code ANSI/NFPA 70-1990 or
latest edition and/or local code to assure safe and ecient
operation.

NOTE: The appliance and its individual shut-o valve (not
supplied by manufacturer) must be disconnected from
the gas supply piping system during any pressure testing
of that system at pressures in excess of ½ PSIG (3.45 KP2).
The appliance must be isolated from the gas supply piping
system by closing its individual manual shut-o (not
supplied by manufacturer) during any testing of the gas
supply piping system at test pressures equal to or less than
1/2 PSIG (3.45 KP2).

Installation for Ovens Equipped with Casters

A. The installation shall be made with a connector that

complies with the Standard for Connectors for Moveable
Gas Appliances, ANSI Z21.69/CSA 6.16, Addenda Z21.69B­2006/CSA 6.16B-2006 (or latest edition), and a quick­disconnect device that complies with the Standard for
Quick Disconnects for Use with Gas Fuel, ANSI Z21.41/
CSA 6.9, Addenda Z21.41A-2005/CSA 6.16A-2005 (or
latest edition).

B. The front casters of the unit are equipped with brakes

to limit the movement of the oven without depending
on the connector and any quick disconnect device or its
associated piping to limit the appliance movement.

A strong exhaust fan will create a vacuum in the room for an
exhaust system vent to work properly, replacement air must
enter the room in which the vent is located.

All gas burners and pilots need sucient air to operate and
large objects should not be placed in front of this oven which
would obstruct the air ow through the front.

Assembly of Battery

This section pertains to Master Series models only.

All heavy duty batteried equipment is aligned and tted at
the factory, from left to right and must be installed in this
order. There is a diagram provided with every heavy duty
battery.

A. All such units should be placed in their respective battery

position. Detach valve panels to prevent damage,
remove them from the area where the battery is being
assembled.

B. Level each unit (to the oven rack) by adjusting the six inch

(6”) legs (refer back to Item 1 for limitations), or where
legs are not used, adjust level with shims. Readjust legs, if
required.

C. Connect units together by mating the unions at each

end of the manifold. (Adjoining units must have
matching unions, unless the union parts are of the
same specications, a leak proof connection cannot be
assured.) Hand tighten unions at this point.

C. Please be aware, required restraint is attached to the

bracket (which is located on the rear caster closes to the
gas connection), and if disconnection of the restraint is
necessary, be sure to reconnect the restraint after the
oven has been returned to its originally installed position.

D. The units should be fastened at the rear by inserting

5/16” bolts through the holes provided at the rear of the
burner box sides. Be sure of proper unit alignment in the
battery before nal tightening of these bolts or unions.
Improper tightening will cause the “fanning” or “bowing”
of batteries units.

Installation for Ovens Equipped with Legs

Raise front of the unit and block. Do not lay unit on its back.
Position leg insert into leg retainer opening and tap up until
it seats at collar ange. Repeat at rear of unit making sure all
four legs are adjusted to same height. Legs can be adjusted
to overcome an uneven oor.

Ventilation and Air Supply

Proper ventilation is highly important for good operation.
The ideal method of ventilating a range is the use of a
properly designed canopy which should extend six inches
(6”) beyond all sides of the appliance and six feet (6’) six
inches (6”) from the oor.

Part # 1382650 Rev 4 (12/07) Page 7

The nal tightening of the union should be accomplished

by using a suitable spanner wrench. If such a wrench is
not available, the Garland union collar has special ridges,
and a cold chisel can be driven against these ridges to
properly seat and seal the union.

E. The manifold of this unit or the manifold of which is

a part of must be equipped with a certied pressure
regulator suitable for battery application and adjustable
for an outlet pressure at the manifold as specied on the
rating place.

INSTALLATION Continued

Pressure Regulators

1. Must have a maximum regulation capacity for the total
connected load.

2. The pressure regulator(s) installed must be listed by a
nationally recognized agency.

3. The pressure regulator(s) must have a pressure
adjustment range to allow adjustment to the manifold
pressure on the appliance rating plate.

4. Unless the manifold pressure on all connected appliances
is the same, a separate pressure regulator must be
supplied for each appliance(s) having diering manifold
pressures.

5. Gas supply lines may be connected at right, left or both
ends of a battery or at the tee connections on spreader
plates. If ve (5) or more units are placed in a battery,
more than one (1) supply line should be used. A readily
accessible, approved type of hand shut-o valve should
be installed on each supply line.

WARNING: Local codes may require that the pressure
regulator be externally vented. This will be supplied by
others.

Testing

lines and ttings require that valve panel(s) lower front
panel(s), oven rack(s) be removed. It may be necessary to
remove or at least raise and securely prop griddles, hot
tops and top grates. All parts removed (including fasteners)
should be stored safely for re-use.

1. Be sure that all valves and thermostats are in the ‘o’
position.

2. Turn on the main gas supply valve.

3. Leak test all valves and ttings as described in the
procedure above. Correct any leaks required and recheck.

4. Light oven pilot.

5. The range is provided with an oven shut-o valve
separate from the thermostat, turn this valve on and set
the thermostat at 500°. If the range oven thermostat has
an “o” position on the dial the thermostat is equipped
with an internal, integral oven shut-o valve. Set this
thermostat to 500°. In both cases, gas will now ow to the
oven burner.

6. Leak test all valves, ttings, etc. as above. Correct any
leaks and retest.

7. Shut o all range valves and set thermostat dials to ‘o’ or
low position.

All ttings and pipe connections must be tested for
leaks. Use approved gas leak detectors, soap solutions or
equivalent, checking over and around the ttings and pipe
connections. DO NOT USE A FLAME! Accessibility to all gas

All units are tested and adjusted at the factory. However,
burners and pilots should be checked at installation and
adjusted if necessary.

Part # 1382650 Rev 4 (12/07)Page 8

OPERATION

LIGHT BURNER THRU INSIDE OF OVEN

W/MATCH

RESET BUTTON ON SAFETY

Oven Lighting Procedure (All Models)

Lighting

1. Remove oven bottoms.

2. Depress and hold reset button (red) extending through
the louvered panel (beneath the oven door) while
lighting the oven pilot. Continue to depress the reset
button for 60 seconds. Release button. If pilot does not
stay lit, repeat this procedure after 5 minutes.

Shut down

1. Turn all valves and thermostats to the o position.

2. If range is to be shut down for an extended period of
time, close the in line gas valve.

Re-lighting

1. Shut all gas valves o.

2. Wait 5 minutes.

3. Repeat lighting instructions in section “A” above.

CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE

Establish a regular cleaning schedule. Any spills should be
wiped o immediately.

Painted Finishes

The oven should be permitted to cool down before cleaning
exterior surfaces. Wipe exposed, cleanable surface when cool
with a mild detergent and hot water. Stubborn residue spots
may be removed with a light weight non metallic scouring
pad. Dry thoroughly with a clean cloth.

NOTE: Many parts of the commercial range are raw steel, (i.e.
springs, door hooks, etc.) and can react to moisture, forming
rust. This occurrence is normal and not considered a factory
detect. Clean with a stainless steel or ber pad. A coating of
salt free oil may be applied.

Stainless Steel Finishes

For routine cleaning just wash with a hot water and
detergent solution. Wash just a small area at a time or the
water will evaporate leaving the chemicals behind causing
streaking.

Rinse the washed area with a clean sponge dipped in a
sanitizing solution and wipe dry with a soft cloth before it
can dry.

Use a paste (of water and a mild scouring powder) if you
have to, but never rub against the grain. All stainless steel
has been polished in one direction. Rub with the polished
lines to preserve the original nish. Then thoroughly rinse
as before. To prevent nger prints there are several stainless
steel polishes on the market that leave an oily or waxy lm.
Do not use on surfaces that will be in contact with food.

Part # 1382650 Rev 4 (12/07) Page 9

CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE Continued

Stainless steel may discolor if overheated. These stains can
usually be removed by vigorous rubbing with a scouring
powder paste.

Use only stainless steel, wooded or plastic tools if necessary
to scrape o heavy deposits of grease and oil. Do not use
ordinary steel scrapers of knives as particles of the iron may
become imbedded and rust. STEEL WOOL SHOULD NEVER
BE USED. Either a typical bleach solution or hot water can be
used to sanitize stainless steel with out harm.

Oven Interior (porcelain enamel)

NOTE: Disconnect line cord (if applicable) from power
supply before cleaning or servicing.

1. Before cleaning oven interior, remove all oven racks
and guides (if “RC” base). Oven racks and guides can be
cleaned with a mild soap and warm water or run through
dish washer.

2. The porcelain interior can be cleaned with oven cleaners
such as “Easy-O”, or “Dow Oven Cleaner”. Apply only
when oven is cold.

Oven Interior, (optional continuous clean)

NOTE: Disconnect line cord (if applicable) from power
supply before cleaning or servicing.

1. “Break-In Period” – When the oven is new, operate the
oven for at least two hours at high heat, with the oven
empty, before normal cooking operation. Continue
preheating the oven for two hours prior to use during
the rst two weeks. During this break-in period, it is
important that the oven surfaces be kept clean of
excessive soiling due to spillage.

2. How to put “continuous cleaning” action to work: each
day, after baking and roasting operations have ceased
empty the oven, turn the temperature control up to high
heat (500°). This high heat will accelerate the cleaning
action and reduce the time required to eectively clean
the oven. Usually the cleaning operation will take about
45 to 60 minutes.

3. Heavy Staining – When the oven appears soiled, due to
heavy staining, we suggest pre-heating the empty oven
each day for 1 or 2 hours (depending on the condition of
the oven) for eective results. Also, ordinary household
ammonia has proven to be eective in removing baked­on “soil” build-up and has the benecial eect of keeping
the microscopic “pores” of the coating open and free

To perform its cleaning action. An occasional light

swabbing with household ammonia while the oven is at
room temperature will prove extremely benecial.

Abrasives should not be used – in order to maintain

continuous cleaning action, it is very important to avoid
the use of abrasive materials such as steel wool scouring
pads, abrasives or sharp implements which can cause
permanent damage to the surface coating. In addition
oven cleaners such as “easy-O” or “Dow Oven Cleaner”
will clog the “pores” of the special coating and will retard
the cleaning action.

4. Period “Tune-Up” – Although the oven appears clean, we
recommend operating the oven at high heat for 2 hours
approximately once each month. This will insure against
build-up of solids in hard to see places and in the pores of
the coating.

Part # 1382650 Rev 4 (12/07)Page 10

OVEN PILOT ADJUSTMENT

The oven pilot should be adjusted to stable ame 1”
long with no yellow tips. This ame should envelope
the thermocouple end for 3/8” to 1/2” and will cause

the thermocouple tip to glow a dull red. The oven pilot
adjustment valve is found on the manifold behind the valve
panel.

TROUBLE SHOOTING

Cakes are dark on the sides and not done in the center Lower oven temperature
Cake edges are too brown Reduce number of pans or lower temperature
Cakes have light outer color Raise temperature
Cake settles slightly in the center Bake longer or raise oven temperature slightly. Do not open

doors to oven for long periods.
Cake ripples Overloading pans or batter is too thin
Cakes are too coarse Lower oven temperature.
Pies have uneven color Reduce number of pies per rack or eliminate use of bake

pans.
Cupcakes crack on top Lower oven temperature.
Meats are browned and not done in the center Lower oven temperature and roast longer.
Meats are well done and not browned Raise temperature. Limit amount of moisture.
Meats develop hard crust Reduce temperature or place pan of water in oven

Part # 1382650 Rev 4 (12/07) Page 11