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FXC5016
User's Manual
naged Switch
10/100/1000 L2 Ma
Version 1.0 (Sep. 2005)
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Table of Contents
REVISION HISTORY -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
ABOUT THIS USER’S MANUAL ----------------------------------------------------------------2
1. INTRODUCTION -----------------------------------------------------------------------------3
1-1. OVERVIEW OF GEL2-SW16 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 3
1-2. FEATURES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
1-3. VIEW OF GEL2-SW16-------------------------------------------------------------------------7
1-3-1. User Interfaces on the Front Panel (Button, LEDs and Plugs)--------------------7
1-3-2. User Interfaces on the Rear Panel ----------------------------------------------------8
1-4. VIEW OF THE OPTIONAL MODULES ---------------------------------------------------------- 9
2. INSTALLATION----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
2-1. STARTING GEL2-SW16 UP ----------------------------------------------------------------- 10
2-1-1. Hardware and Cable Installation --------------------------------------------------- 10
2-1-2. Installing Chassis to a 19-Inch Wiring Closet Rail ------------------------------- 12
2-1-3. Cabling Requirements ---------------------------------------------------------------- 12
2-1-3-1. Cabling Requirements for TP Ports------------------------------------------------------- 13
2-1-3-2. Cabling Requirements for 1000SX/LX SFP Module----------------------------------- 13
2-1-3-3. Switch Cascading in Topology ------------------------------------------------------------ 14
2-1-4. Configuring the Management Agent of GEL2-SW16 ----------------------------- 17
2-1-4-1. Configuring the Management Agent of GEL2-SW16 through the Serial RS-232 Port
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18
2-1-4-2. Configuring the Management Agent of GEL2-SW16 through the Ethernet Port--- 20
2-1-5. IP Address Assignment---------------------------------------------------------------- 21
2-2. TYPICAL APPLICA T IONS --------------------------------------------------------------------- 26
3. OPERATION OF WEB-BASED MANAGEMENT---------------------------------- 28
3-1. WEB MANAGEMENT HOME OVERVIEW---------------------------------------------------- 30
3-1-1. System Information-------------------------------------------------------------------- 33
3-1-2. IP Configuration----------------------------------------------------------------------- 35
3-1-3. T i me Configu ratio n-------------------------------------------------------------------- 38
3-1-4. Account Configurati on---------------------------------------------------------------- 41
3-1-5. Management Policy ------------------------------------------------------------------- 42
3-1-6. Virtual Stack---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45
3-2. PORT CONFIGURATION----------------------------------------------------------------------- 47
3-2-1.Port St atus------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47
3-2-2. Port Configuration -------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
3-2-3. Simple Counter ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 54
3-2-4. Detail Counter------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56
3-3. MIRROR --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59
3-4. BANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT---------------------------------------------------------------- 60
3-5. QOS(QUALITY OF SERVICE) CONFIGURATION -------------------------------------------- 62
3-6. SNMP CONFIGURATION--------------------------------------------------------------------- 72
3-7. IGMP SNOOPING----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74
3-8. MAX. PACKET LENGTH ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 76
3-9. DHCP BOOT---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77
3-10. VLAN --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 78
3-10-1. VLAN Mode--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 78
3-10-2. T ag-based Gr oup--------------------------------------------------------------------- 81
3-10-3. Port-based Group-------------------------------------------------------------------- 83
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3-10-4. T ag Rule------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85
3-11. MAC TABLE--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87
3-12. GVRP CONFIGURATION-------------------------------------------------------------------- 94
3-13. STP CONFIGURATION --------------------------------------------------------------------- 100
3-13-1. STP Status----------------------------------------------------------------------------100
3-13-2. STP Confi g uration ------------------------------------------------------------------ 102
3-13-3. STP Port Configuration------------------------------------------------------------104
3-14. TRUNKING CONFIGURATION--------------------------------------------------------------107
3-15. 802.1X CONFIGURATION------------------------------------------------------------------ 114
3-16. ALARM CONFIGURATION------------------------------------------------------------------ 124
3-17. CONFIGURATION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 127
3-17-1. Save/Restore------------------------------------------------------------------------- 128
3-17-2. Config File--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 131
3-18. DIAGNOSTICS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------132
3-19. TFTP SERVER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 135
3-20. LOG -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------136
3-21. FIRMWARE UPGRADE---------------------------------------------------------------------- 138
3-22. REBOOT-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------139
3-23. LOGOUT-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------140
4. OPERATION OF CLI MANAGEMENT ---------------------------------------------- 141
4-1. CLI MANAGEMENT ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 141
4-1-1. Login-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------141
4-2. COMMANDS OF CLI-------------------------------------------------------------------------143
4-2-1. Global Commands of C LI-----------------------------------------------------------144
4-2-2. Local Commands of CLI-------------------------------------------------------------150
5. MAINTENANCE-------------------------------------------------------------------------------230
5-1. RESOLVING NO LINK CONDITION ---------------------------------------------------------230
5-2. Q&A------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------230
APPENDIX A TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS------------------------------------------ 231
APPENDIX B NULL MODEM CABLE SPECIFICATIONS---------------------------- 235
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Revision History
Date Revision
09/01/2005 V1.0
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About this user’s manual
In this user’s manual, it will not only tell you how to install and connect your
network system but configure and monitor the FXC5016 (written as GEL2-SW16
instead) through the built-in CLI and web by RS-232 serial interface and Ethernet
ports step-by-step. Many explanation in detail of hardware and software functions
are shown as well as the examples of the operation for web-based interface and
command-line interface (CLI).
Overview of this user’s manual
Chapter 1 “Introduction” describes the features of GEL2-SW16
Chapter 2 “Installation”
Chapter 3 “Operation of Web-based Management”
Chapter 4 “Operation of CLI Management”
Chapter 5 “Maintenance”
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1. Introduction
1-1. Overview of GEL2-SW16
GEL2-SW16, a 16-port Gigabit L2 Managed Switch, is a standard switch that
meets all IEEE 802.3/u/x/z Gigabit, Fast Ethernet specifications. The switch
included 14-Port 10/100/1000Mbps TP and 2-Port Gigabit TP/SFP Fiber
management Ethernet switch. The switch can be managed through RS-232 serial
port via directly connection, or through Ethernet port using CLI or Web-based
management unit, associated with SNMP agent. With the SNMP agent, the network
administrator can logon the switch to monitor, configure and control each port’s
activity in a friendly way. The overall network management is enhanced and the
network efficiency is also improved to accommodate high bandwidth applications. In
addition, the switch features comprehensive and useful function such as QoS
(Quality of Service), Spanning Tree, VLAN, Port Trunking, Bandwidth Control, Port
Security, SNMP/RMON, IGMP Snooping capability via the intelligent software. It is
suitable for both metro-LAN and office application.
In this switch, Port 15, 16 includes two types of media --- TP and SFP Fiber (LC, BiDi
LC…); this port supports 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber with auto-detected
function. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for high-speed connection expansion.
10/100/1000Mbps TP is a standard Ethernet port that meets all IEEE
802.3/u/x/z Gigabit, Fast Ethernet specifications. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver
is a Gigabit Ethernet port that fully complies with all IEEE 802.3z and 1000BaseSX/LX standards.
1000Mbps Single Fiber WDM (BiDi) transceiver is designed with an optic
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology that transports bi-directional
full duplex signal over a single fiber simultaneously.
For upgrading firmware, please refer to the Section 3-21 or Section 4-2-2 for
more details. The switch will not stop operating while upgrading firmware and after
that, the configuration keeps unchanged.
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•
Key Features in the Device
QoS:
Support Quality of Service by the IEEE 802.1P standard. There are two
priority queue and packet transmission schedule.
Spanni ng Tree:
Support IEEE 802.1D, IEEE 802.1w (RSTP: Rapid Spanning Tree
Protocol) standards.
VLAN:
Support Port-based VLAN and IEEE802.1Q Tag VLAN. Support 256 active
VLANs and VLAN ID 1~4094.
Port Trunking:
Support static port trunking and port trunking with IEEE 802.3ad LACP.
Bandwidth Control:
Support ingress and egress per port bandwidth control.
Port Security:
Support allowed, denied forwarding and port security with MAC address.
SNMP/RMON:
SNMP agent and RMON MIB. In the device, SNMP agent is a client
software which is operating over SNMP protocol used to receive the
command from SNMP manager (server site) and echo the corresponded
data, i.e. MIB object. Besides, SNMP agent will actively issue TRAP
information when happened.
RMON is the abbreviation of Remote Network Monitoring and is a branch of
the SNMP MIB.
The device supports MIB-2 (RFC 1213), Bridge MIB (RFC 1493), RMON
MIB (RFC 1757)-statistics Group 1,2,3,9, VLAN MIB (802.1Q, RFC2674),
Ethernet MIB (RFC 1643) and so on.
IGMP Snooping:
Support IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236): The function IGMP snooping is used
to establish the multicast groups to forward the multicast packet to the
member ports, and, in nature, avoid wasting the bandwidth while IP
multicast packets are running over the network.
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1-2. Features
The GEL2-SW16, a standalone off-the-shelf switch, provides the
comprehensive features listed below for users to perform system network
administration and efficiently and securely serve your network.
•
Hardware
• 14 10/100/1000Mbps Auto-negotiation Gigabit Ethernet TP ports
• 2 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber dual media auto sense
• 400KB on-chip frame buffer
• Jumbo frame support
• Programmable classifier for QoS (Layer 4/Multimedia)
• 8K MAC address and 4K VLAN support (IEEE802.1Q)
• Per-port shaping, policing, and Broadcast Storm Control
• IEEE802.1Q-in-Q nested VLAN support
• Full-duplex flow control (IEEE802.3x) and half-duplex backpressure
• Extensive front-panel diagnostic LEDs; System: Power, TP Port1-16: LINK/ACT,
10/100/1000Mbps, SFP Port 15,16: SFP(LINK/ACT)
• Management
• Supports concisely the status of port and easily port configuration
• Supports per port traffic monitoring counters
• Supports a snapshot of the syste m Information when you login
• Supports port mirror function
• Supports the static trunk function
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• Supports 802.1Q VLAN
• Supports user management and limits three users to login
• Maximal packet length can be up to 9216 bytes for jumbo frame application
• Supports DHCP Broadcasting Suppression to avoid network suspended or
crashed
• Supports to send the trap event while monitored events happened
• Supports default configuration which can be restored to overwrite the current
configuration which is working on via web browser and CLI
• Supports on-line plug/unplug SFP modules
• Supports Quality of Service (QoS) for real time applications based on the
information taken from Layer 2 to Layer 4, such as VoIP
• Built-in web-based management and CLI management, providing a more
convenient UI for the user
• Supports port mirror function with ingress traffic
• Supports rapid spanning tree (802.1w RSTP)
• Supports 802.1X port security on a VLAN
• Supports user management and only first login a dministrator can configure the
device. The rest of users can only view the switch
• SNMP access can be disabled and prevent from illegal SNMP access
• Supports Ingress, Non-unicast and Egress Bandwidth rating management with
a resolution of 1Mbps
• The trap event and alarm message can be transferred via e-mail and mobile
phone short message
• Supports diagnostics to let administrat or knowing the hardware status
• Supports external loopback test to check if the link is ok
• TFTP for firmware upgrade, system log upload and config file imp ort/export
• Supports remote boot the device through user interface and SNMP
• Supports network time synchronization and daylight saving
• Supports 120 event log records in the main memory and display on the local
console
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1-3. View of GEL2-SW16
1-3-1. User Interfaces on the Front Panel (Button, LEDs and Plugs)
There are 16 TP Gigabit Ethernet ports and 2 SFP fiber ports for optional
removable modules on the front panel of the switch. LED display area, locating on
the left side of the panel, contains a Power LED, which indicates the power status
and 16 ports working status of the switch.
Fig. 1-1 Full View of GEL2-SW16
Fig. 1-2 Front View of GEL2-SW16
Po
wer Indication LED
Gigabit Ethernet Port
TP Port Status Indication LEDs
RESET Button:
RESET button is used to
reset the management
system.
SFP Fiber Port
Fiber Port Status Indication LEDs
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• LED Indicators
LED Color Function
System LED
POWER Green Lit when +5V DC power is on and good
CPU LED Green Blinks when CPU is activity
10/100/1000Ethernet TP Port 1 to 16 LED
LINK/ACT Green
Lit when connection with remote device is good
Blinks when any traffic is present
Off when cable connection is not good
10/100/1000Mbps
Green/
Amber
Lit green when 1000Mbps speed is active
Lit ember when 100Mbps speed is active
Off when 10Mbps speed is active
1000SX/LX Gigabit Fiber Port 15, 16 LED
SFP(LINK/ACT) Green
Lit when connection with the remote device is good
Blinks when any traffic is present
Off when module connection is not good
Table1-1
1-3-2. User Interfaces on the Rear Panel
One RS-232 DB-9 interface is offered for configuration or management.
Fig. 1-3 Rear View of GEL2-SW16
RS-232 DB-9 Connector
AC Line 100-240V 50/60 Hz
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1-4. View of the Optional Modules
In the switch, Port 15~16 includes two types of media --- TP and SFP Fiber
(LC, BiDi LC…); this port supports 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber
with auto-detected function. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for highspeed connection expansion; the following are optional SFP types provided for the
switch:
－ MGB-T
1000BASE-T SFP(mini-GBIC) module
－ MGB-SX
1000BASE-SX LC SFP(mini-GBIC) module
－ MGB-LX
1000BASE-LX LC SFP(mini-GBIC) module
－ MGB-ZX
1000BASE-ZX(70Km) LC SFP(mini-GBIC) module
－ MGB-SLX10A/B
1000BASE-LX BiDi LC SFP(mini-GBIC) module
－ MGB-SLX20A/B
1000BASE-LX BiDi LC SFP(mini-GBIC) module
－ MGB-SLX40A/B
1000BASE-LX BiDi LC SFP(mini-GBIC) module
－ MGB-SLX60A/B
1000BASE-LX BiDi LC SFP(mini-GBIC) module
Fig. 1-4 Front View of 1000Base-SX/LX LC, SFP Fiber Transceiver
Fig. 1-5 Front View of 1000Base-LX BiDi LC, SFP Fiber Transceiver
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2. Installation
2-1. Starting GEL2-SW16 Up
This section will give users a quick start for:
- Hardware and Cable Installation
- Management Station Installation
- Software booting and configuration
2-1-1. Hardware and Cable Installation
At the beginning, please do first:
⇒ Wear a grounding device to avoid the damage from electrostatic discharge
⇒ Be sure that power switch is OFF before you insert the power cord to power
source
• Installing Optional SFP Fiber Transceivers to the GEL2-SW16
Note: If you have no modules, please skip this section.
Fig. 2-1 Installation of Optional SFP Fiber Transceive
r
• Connecting the SFP Module to the Chassis:
The optional SFP modules are hot swappable, so you can plug or unplug it
before or after powering on.
1. Verify that the SFP module is the right model and conforms to the chassis
2. Slide the module along the slot. Also be sure that the module is properly
seated against the slot socket/connector
3. Install the media cable for network connection
4. Repeat the above steps, as needed, for each module to be installed into
slot(s)
5. Have the power ON after the above procedures are done
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• TP Port and Cable Installation
⇒ In the switch, TP port supports MDI/MDI-X auto-crossover, so both types of
cable, straight-through (Cable pin-outs for RJ-45 jack 1, 2, 3, 6 to 1, 2, 3, 6 in
10/100M TP; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 in Gigabit TP) and
crossed-over (Cable p in-outs for R J-45 jack 1, 2, 3, 6 to 3, 6, 1, 2) can be used.
It means you do not have to tell from them, just plug it.
⇒ Use Cat. 5 grade RJ-45 TP cable to connect to a TP port of the switch and the
other end is connected to a network-aware device such as a workstation or a
server.
⇒ Repeat the above steps, as needed, for each RJ-45 port to be connected to a
Gigabit 10/100/1000 TP device.
Now, you can start having the switch in operation.
• Power On
The switch supports 100-240 VAC, 50-60 Hz power supply. The power
supply will automatically convert the local AC power source to DC power. It does not
matter whether any connection plugged into the switch or not when power on, even
modules as well. After the power is on, all LED indicators will light up immediately
and then all off except the power LED still keeps on. This represents a reset of the
system.
• Firmware Loading
After resetting, the bootloader will load the firmware into the memory. It will
take about 30 seconds, after that, the switch will flash all the LED once and
automatically performs self-test and is in ready state.
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2-1-2. Installing Chassis to a 19-Inch Wiring Closet Rail
Caution: Allo w a proper spacing and proper air ventilation for the cooling fan
at both sides of the chassis.
⇒ Wear a grounding device for electrostatic discharge.
⇒ Screw the mounting accessory to the front side of the switch (See Fig. 2-2).
⇒ Place the Chassis into the 19-inch wiring closet rail and locate it at the proper
position. Then, fix the Chassis by screwing it.
2-1-3. Cabling Requirements
To help ensure a successful installation and keep the network performance
good, please take a care on the cabling requirement. Cables with worse
specification will render the LAN to work poorly.
ig. 2-2F
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⇒
⇒
2-1-3-1. Cabling Requirements for TP Ports
For Fast Ethernet TP network connection
⎯ The grade of the cable must be Cat. 5 or Cat. 5e with a maximum length of
100 meters.
Gigabit Ethernet TP network connection
⎯ The grade of the cable must be Cat. 5 or Cat. 5e with a maximum length of
100 meters. Cat. 5e is recommended.
2-1-3-2. Cabling Requirements for 1000SX/LX SFP Module
It is more complex and comprehensive contrast to TP cabling in the fiber
media. Basically, there are two categories of fiber, multi mode (MM) and single
mode (SM). The later is categorized into several classes by the distance it supports.
They are SX, LX, LHX, XD, and ZX. From the viewpoint of connector type, there
mainly are LC and BIDI LC.
⎯ Gigabit Fiber with multi-mode LC SFP module
⎯ Gigabit Fiber with single-mode LC SFP module
⎯ Gigabit Fiber with BiDi LC 1310nm SFP module
⎯ Gigabit Fiber with BiDi LC 1550nm SFP module
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2-1-3-3. Switch Cascading in Topology
• Takes the Delay Time into Account
Theoretically, the switch partitions the collision domain for each port in switch
cascading that you may up-link the switches unlimitedly. In practice, the network
extension (cascading levels & overall diameter) must follow the constraint of the
IEEE 802.3/802.3u/802.3z and other 802.1 series protocol specifications, in which
the limitations are the timing requirement from physical signals defined by 802.3
series specification of Media Access Control (MAC) and PHY, and timer from some
OSI layer 2 protocols such as 802.1d, 802.1q, LACP and so on.
The fiber, TP cables and devices’ bit-time delay (round trip) are as follows:
1000Base-X TP, Fiber 100Base-TX TP 100Base-FX Fiber
Round trip Delay: 4096 Round trip Delay: 512
Cat. 5 TP Wire: 11.12/m Cat. 5 TP Wire: 1.12/m Fiber Cable: 1.0/m
Fiber Cable : 10.10/m TP to fiber Converter: 56
Bit Time unit : 1ns (1sec./1000 Mega bit)
Bit Time unit: 0.01µs (1sec./100 Mega bit)
Table 2-2
Sum up all elements’ bit-time delay and the overall bit-time delay of
wires/devices must be within Round Trip Delay (bit times) in a half-duplex network
segment (collision domain). For full-duplex operation, this will not be applied. You
may use the TP-Fiber module to extend the TP node distance over fiber optic and
provide the long haul connection.
• Typical Network Topology in Deployment
A hierarchical network with minimum levels of switch may reduce the timing
delay between server and client station. Basically, with this approach, it will
minimize the number of switches in any one path; will lower the possibility of
network loop and will improve network efficiency. If more than two switches are
connected in the same network, select one switch as Level 1 switch and connect all
other switches to it at Level 2. Server/Host is recommended to connect to the Level
1 switch. This is general if no VLAN or other special requirements are applied.
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Case1: All switch ports are in the same local area network. Every port can access
each other (See Fig. 2-3).
If VLAN is enabled and configured, each node in the network that can
communicate each other directly is bounded in the same VLAN area.
Here VLAN area is defined by what VLAN you are using. The switch
supports both port-based VLAN and tag-based VLAN. They are different in practical
deployment, especially in physical location. The following diagram shows how it
works and what the difference they are.
Case2a: Port-based VLAN (See Fig.2-4).
1. The same VLAN members could not be in dif f erent switches.
2. Every VLAN members could not access VLAN members each other.
3. The switch manager has to assign diff erent names for each VLAN groups
at one switch.
Fig. 2-3 No VLAN Configuration Diagram
Fig. 2-4 Port-based VLAN Diagram
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Case 2b: Port-based VLAN (See Fig.2-5).
1. VLAN1 members could not access VLAN2, VLAN3 and VLAN4 members.
2. VLAN2 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members, but they could
access VLAN4 members.
3. VLAN3 members could not access VLAN1, VLAN2 and VLAN4.
4. VLAN4 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members, but they could
access VLAN2 members.
Case3a: The same VLAN members can be at different switches with the same VID
(See Fig. 2-6).
Fig. 2-5 Port-based VLAN Diagram
Fig. 2-6 Attribute-based VLAN Diagram
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2-1-4. Configuring the Management Agent of GEL2-SW16
We offer you three ways to startup the switch management function. They are RS232 console, CLI, and Web. Users can use any one of them to monitor and
configure the switch. You can touch them through the following procedures.
Section 2-1-4-1: Configuring the Management Agent of GEL2-SW16 through the
Serial RS-232 Port
Section 2-1-4-2: Configuring the Management Agent of GEL2-SW16 through the
Ethernet Port
Note: Please first modify the IP address, Subnet mask, Default gateway and DNS
through RS-232 console, and then do the next.
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2-1-4-1. Configuring the Management Agent of GEL2-SW16 through the Serial
RS-232 Port
To perform the configuration through RS-232 console port, the switch’s serial
port must be directly connected to a DCE device, for example, a PC, through
RS-232 cable with DB-9 connector. Next, run a terminal emulator with the default
setting of the switch’s serial port. With this, you can communicate with the switch.
In the switch, RS-232 interface only supports baud rate 57.6k bps with 8 data
bits, 1 stop bit, no parity check and no flow control.
AC Line 100-240V 50/60 Hz RS-232 DB-9 Connector
To configure the switch, please follow the procedures below:
GEL2-SW16 L2 Managed Switch
Default IP Setting:
IP address = 192.168.1.1
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254
Terminal or Terminal Emulator
Fig. 2-7
RS-232 cable with female
DB-9 connector at both ends
RS-232
1. Find the RS-232 DB-9 cable with female DB-9 connector bundled.
Normally, it just uses pins 2, 3 and 7. See also Appendix B for more
details on Null Modem Cable Specifications.
2. Attaches the DB-9 female cable connector to the male serial RS-232
DB-9 connector on the switch.
3. Attaches the other end of the serial RS-232 DB-9 cable to PC’s serial
port, running a terminal emulator supporting VT100/ANSI terminal with
The switch’s serial port default settings. For example,
Windows98/2000/XP HyperTerminal utility.
Note: The switch’s serial port default settings are listed as follows:
Baud rate 57600
Stop bits 1
Data bits 8
Parity N
Flow control none
4. When you complete the connection, then press <Enter> key. The login
prompt will be shown on the screen. The default username and
password are shown as below:
Username = admin Password = admin
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• Set IP Address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway IP Address
Please refer to Fig. 2-7 CLI Management for details about the ex-factory
setting. They are default setting of IP address. You can first either configure your PC
IP address or change IP address of the switch, next to change the IP address of
default gateway and subnet mask.
For example, your network address is 10.1.1.0, and subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
You can change the switch’s default IP address 192.168.1.1 to 10.1.1.1 and set the
subnet mask to be 255.255.255.0. Then, choose your default gateway, may be it is
10.1.1.254.
Default Value GEL2-SW16 Your Network Setting
IP Address
192.168.1.1 10.1.1.1
Subnet
255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway
192.168.1.254 10.1.1.254
Table 2-3
After completing these settings in the switch, it will reboot to have the
configuration taken effect. After this step, you can operate the management through
the network, no matter it is from a web browser or Network Management System
(NMS).
Fig. 2-8 the Login Screen for CLI
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2-1-4-2. Configuring the Management Agent of GEL2-SW16 through the
Ethernet Port
There are three ways to configure and monitor the switch through the
switch’s Ethernet port. They are CLI, Web browser and SNMP manager. The user
interface for the last one is NMS dependent and does not cover here. We just
introduce the first two types of management interface.
• Man
ith the switch, you have to finish first the
onfiguration of the IP address or to know the IP address of the switch. Then,
follo h
1.
them. But, subnet mask may be different for the PC
IP
2. Run CLI or web browser and follow the menu. Please refer to Chapter 3
and Chapter 4.
GEL2-SW16 L2 Managed Switch
Default IP Setting:
IP = 192.168.1.1
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254
Ethernet LAN
Fig. 2-9
Assign a reasonable IP address,
For example:
IP = 192.168.1.100
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Default Gate ay = 192.168.1.254 w
aging GEL2-SW16 through Ethernet Port
Before you communicate w
c
w t e procedures listed below.
Set up a physical path between the configured the switch and a PC by a
qualified UTP Cat. 5 cable with RJ-45 connector.
Note: If PC directly connects to the switch, you have to setup the same
subnet mask between
in the remote site. Please refer to Fig. 2-9 about the switch’s default
address information.
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Fig. 2-10 the Login Screen for Web
2-1-5. IP Address Assignment
For IP address configuration, there are three parameters needed to be filled
in. They are IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gate way and DNS.
IP address:
The address of the network device in the network is used for internetworking
communication. Its address structure looks is shown in the Fig. 2-11. It is “classful”
because it is split into predefined address classes or categories.
Each class has its own network range between the network identifier and
host identifier in the 32 bits address. Each IP address comprises two parts: network
identifier (address) and host identifier (address). The former indicates the network
where the addressed host resides, and the latter indicates the individual host in the
network which the address of host refers to. And the host identifier must be unique
in the same LAN. Here the term of IP address we used is version 4, known as IPv4.
32 bits
Network identifier Host identifier
Fig. 2-11 IP address structure
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With the classful addressing, it divides IP address into three classes, class A,
class B and class C. The rest of IP addresses are for multicast and broadcast. The
bit length of the network prefix is the same as that of the subnet mask and is
denoted as IP address/X, for example, 192.168.1.0/24. Each class has its address
range described below.
Class A:
Address is less than 126.255.255.255. There are a total of 126 networks can
be defined because the address 0.0.0.0 is reserved for default route and
127.0.0.0/8 is reserved for loopback function.
0
Class B:
IP address range between 128.0.0.0 and 191.255.255.255. Each class B
network has a 16-bit network prefix followed 16-bit host address. There are 16,384
(2^14)/16 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 65534 (2^16 –2) hosts
per network.
10
Class C:
IP address range between 192.0.0.0 and 223.255.255.255. Each class C
network has a 24-bit network prefix followed 8-bit host address. There are
2,097,152 (2^21)/24 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 254 (2^8 –2)
hosts per network.
110
Bit # 0 1 7 8 31
Network address Host address
Bit # 01 2 15 16 31
Network address Host address
Bit # 0 1 2 3 23 24 31
Network address Host address
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Class D and E:
Class D is a class with first 4 MSB (Most significance bit) set to 1-1-1-0 and
is used for IP Multicast. See also RFC 1112. Class E is a class with first 4 MSB set
to 1-1-1-1 and is used for IP broadcast.
According to IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), there are three
specific IP address blocks reserved and able to be used for extending internal
network. We call it Private IP address and list below:
Class A 10.0.0.0 --- 10.255.255.255
Class B 172.16.0.0 --- 172.31.255.255
Class C 192.168.0.0 --- 192.168.2 55.255
Please refer to RFC 1597 and RFC 1466 for more information.
Subnet mask:
It means the sub-division of a class-based network or a CIDR block. The
subnet is used to determine how to split an IP address to the network prefix and the
host address in bitwise basis. It is designed to utilize IP address more efficiently and
ease to manage IP network.
For a class B network, 128.1.2.3, it may have a subnet mask 255.255.0.0 in
default, in which the first two bytes is with all 1s. This means more than 60
thousands of nodes in flat IP address will be at the same network. It’s too large to
manage practically. Now if we divide it into smaller network by extending network
prefix from 16 bits to, say 24 bits, that’s using its third byte to subnet this class B
network. Now it has a subnet mask 255.255.255.0, in which each bit of the first
three bytes is 1. It’s now clear that the first two bytes is used to identify the class B
network, the third byte is used to identify the subnet within this class B network and,
of course, the last byte is the host number.
Not all IP address is available in the sub-netted network. Two special
addresses are reserved. They are the addresses with all zero’s and all one’s host
number. For example, an IP address 128.1.2.128, what IP address reserved will be
looked like? All 0s mean the network itself, and all 1s mean IP broadcast.
10000000.00000001.00000010.1 0000000
25 bits
1 0000000
1 1111111
All 0s = 128.1.2.128
All 1s= 128.1.2.255
N
etwork Subne
t
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In this diagram, you can see the subnet mask with 25-bit long,
255.255.255.128, contains 126 members in the sub-netted network. Another is that
the length of network prefix equals the number of the bit with 1s in that subnet mask.
With this, you can easily count the number of IP addresses matched. The following
table shows the result.
Prefix Length No. of IP matched No. of Addressable IP
/32 1 /31 2 /30 4 2
/29 8 6
/28 16 14
/27 32 30
/26 64 62
/25 128 126
/24 256 254
/23 512 510
/22 1024 1022
/21 2048 2046
/20 4096 4094
/19 8192 8190
/18 16384 16382
/17 32768 32766
/16 65536 65534
Table 2-4
According to the scheme above, a subnet mask 255.255.255.0 will partition a
network with the class C. It means there will have a maximum of 254 effective
nodes existed in this sub-netted network and is considered a physical network in an
autonomous network. So it owns a network IP address which may looks like
168.1.2.0.
With the subnet mask, a bigger network can be cut into small pieces of
network. If we want to have more than two independent networks in a worknet, a
partition to the network must be performed. In this case, subnet mask must be
applied.
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For different network applications, the subnet mask may look like
255.255.255.240. This means it is a small network accommodating a maximum of
15 nodes in the network.
Default gateway:
For the routed packet, if the destination is not in the routing table, all the
traffic is put into the device with the designated IP address, known as default router.
Basically, it is a routing policy. The gateway setting is used for Trap Events Host
only in the switch.
For assigning an IP address to the switch, you just have to check what the IP
address of the network will be connected with the switch. Use the same network
address and append your host address to it.
Fig. 2-12
First, IP Address: as shown in the Fig. 2-12, enter “192.168.1.1”, for instance.
For sure, an IP address such as 192.168.1.x must be set on your PC.
Second, Subnet Mask: as shown in the Fig. 2-12, enter “255.255.255.0”. Any
subnet mask such as 255.255.255.x is allowable in this case.
DNS:
The Domain Name Server translates human readable machine name to IP
address. Every machine on the Internet has a unique IP address. A server generally
has a static IP address. To connect to a server, the client needs to know the IP of
the server. However, user generally uses the name to connect to the server. Thus,
the switch DNS client program (such as a browser) will ask the DNS to resolve the
IP address of the named server.
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2-2. Typical Applications
The GEL2-SW16 implements 16 Gigabit Ethernet TP ports with auto MDIX
and two slots for the removable module supporting comprehensive fiber types of
connection, including LC and BiDi-LC SFP modules. For more details on the
specification of the switch, please refer to Appendix A.
The switch is suitable for the following applications.
⎯ Central Site/Remote site application is used in carrier or ISP (See Fig. 2-13)
⎯ Peer-to-peer application is used in two remote offices (See Fig. 2-14)
⎯ Office network(See Fig. 2-15)
Central Site
Fig. 2-13 Network Connection between Remote Site and Central Site
Fig. 2-13 is a system wide basic reference connection diagram. This diagram
demonstrates how the switch connects with other network devices and hosts.
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Fig. 2-15 Office Network Connection
Fig. 2-14 Peer-to-peer Network Connection
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3. Operation of
Web-based Management
This chapter instructs you how to configure and manage the GEL2-SW16
through the web user interface it supports, to access and manage the 14-Port
10/100/1000Mbps TP and 2-Port Gigabit TP/SFP Fiber management Ethernet
switch. With this facility, you can easily access and monitor through any one port of
the switch all the status of the switch, including MIBs status, each port activity,
Spanning tree status, port aggregation status, multicast traffic, VLAN and priority
status, even illegal access record and so on.
The default values of the managed switch are listed in the table below:
IP Address
192.168.1.1
Subnet Mask
255.255.255.0
Default Gateway
192.168.1.254
Username
admin
Password
admin
Table 3-1
After the managed switch has been finished configuration in the CLI via the
switch’s serial interface, you can browse it. For instance, type http://192.168.1.1 in
the address row in a browser, it will show the following screen (see Fig.3-1) and ask
you inputting username and password in order to login and access authentication.
The default username and password are both “admin”. For the first time to use,
please enter the default username and password, then click the <Login> button.
The login process now is completed.
Just click the link of “Forget Password” in WebUI (See Fig. 3-1) or input
“Ctrl+Z” in CLI’s login screen (See Fig. 4-1~4-2) in case the user forgets the
manager’s password. Then, the system will display a serial No. for the user. Write
down this serial No. and contact your vendor, the vendor will give you a temporary
password. Use this new password as ID and Password, and it will allow the user to
login the system with manager authority temporarily. Due to the limit of this new
password, the user only can login the system one time, therefore, please modify
your password immediately after you login in the system successfully.
In this login menu, you have to input the complete username and password
respectively, the switch will not give you a shortcut to username automatically. This
looks inconvenient, but safer.
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In the switch, it supports a simple user management function allowing only
one administrator to configure the system at the same time. If there are two or more
users using administrator’s identity, the switch will allow the only one who logins first
to configure the system. The rest of users, even with administrator’s identity, can
only monitor the system. For those who have no administrator’s identity, can only
monitor the system. There are only a maximum of three users able to login
simultaneously in the switch.
To optimize the display effect, we recommend you use Microsoft IE 6.0
above, Netscape V7.1 above or FireFox V1.00 above and have the resolution
1024x768. The switch supported neutral web browser interface.
In Fig. 3-2, for example, left section is the whole function tree with web user
interface and we will travel it through this chapter.
Fig. 3-1
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3-1. Web Management Home Overview
After you login, the switch shows you the system information as Fig. 3-2. This
page is default and tells you the basic information of the system, including “Model
Name”, “System Description”, “Location”, “Contact”, “Device Name”, “System Up
Time”, “Current Time”, “BIOS Version”, “Firmware Version”, “Hardware-Mechanical
Version”, “Serial Number”, “Host IP Address”, “Host Mac Address”, “Device Port”,
“RAM Size” and “Flash Size”. With this information, you will know the software
version used, MAC address, serial number, how many ports good and so on. This is
helpful while malfunctioning.
Fig. 3-2
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•
The Information of Page Layout
⎯ On the top side, it shows the front panel of the switch. In the front panel, the
linked ports will display green; as to the ports, which are link off, they will be
dark. For the optional modules, the slot will show only a cover plate if no
module exists and will show a module if a module is present. The image of
module depends on the one you inserted. The same, if disconnected, the port
will show just dark, if linked, green.
In this device, there are clicking functions on the panel provided for the
information of the ports. These are very convenient functions for browsing the
information of a single port. When clicking the port on the front panel, an
information window for the port will be pop out. (See Fig. 3-3)
`
see t ort status, traffic status and bandwidth rating for
gress and ingress respectively.
⎯ n the left-top corner, there is a pull-down list for Auto Logout. For the sake of
curity, we provide auto-logout function to protect you from illegal user as you
re leaving. If you do not choose any selection in Auto Logout list, it means
you turn on the Auto Logout function and the system will be logged out
automatically when no action on the device 3 minutes later. If OFF is chosen,
the screen will keep as it is. Default is ON.
⎯ On the left side, the main menu tree for web is listed in the page. They are
hierarchical menu. Open the function folder, a sub-menu will be shown. The
functions of each folder are described in its corresponded section respectively.
When clicking it, the function is performed. The following list is the full function
tree for web user interface.
Fig. 3-3 port detail information
In Fig. 3-3, it shows the basic information of the clicked port. With this, you’ll
he information about the p
e
O
se
a
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Port
Bandwidth
SNMP
System
Mirror
QoS
IGMP Snoopin
g
Max. Packet Length
Root
DHCP Boot
VLAN
MAC Table
GVRP
STP
Trunk
802.1X
A
larm
Configuration
Diagnostics
TFTP Server
Lo
g
Firmware Upgrade
Reboot
Logout
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3-1-1. System Information
Func
Syste
Func
Show
Para ion:
Mode
odel name of this device.
Syste
, this tells what this device is. Here, it is “L2 Managed Switch”.
Loca
Basically, it is the location where this switch is put. User-defined.
Contact:
For easily managing and maintaining device, you may write down the
contact person and phone here for getting help soon. You can configure
this parameter through the device’ s user interface or SNMP.
Device name:
The name of the switch. User-defined. Default is GEL2-SW16.
System up time:
The time accumulated since this switch is powered up. Its format is day,
hour, minute, second.
Current time:
Show the system time of the switch. Its format: day of week, month, day,
hours : minutes : seconds, year. For instance, Wed, Apr. 23, 12:10:10,
2004.
BIOS version:
The version of the BIOS in this switch.
Firmware version:
The firmware version in this switch.
Hardware-Mechanical version:
The version of Hardware and Mechanical. The figure before the hyphen
is the version of electronic hardware; the one after the hyphen is the
version of mechanical.
Serial number:
The serial number is assigned by the manufacturer.
tion name:
m Information
tion description:
the basic system information.
meter descript
l name:
The m
m description:
As it is
tion:
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anagement agent in this switch.
D vice Port:
Show all types and numbers of the port in the switch.
RAM size:
The size of the DRAM in this switch.
Flash size:
The size of the flash memory in this switch.
Host IP address:
The IP address of the switch.
Host MAC address:
It is the Ethernet MAC address of the m
e
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3-1-2 uration
IP c
Without th
device. Th atic IP
address se d, you must reboot the
switch to b
managem
. IP Config
onfiguration is one of the most important configurations in the switch.
e proper setting, network manager will not be able to manage or view the
e switch supports both manual IP address setting and autom
tting via DHCP server. When IP address is change
have the setting taken effect and use the new IP to browse for we
ent and CLI management.
Fig. 3-4 IP Address Configuration
Function name:
IP Configuration
Function d scription:
Set I net mask, default gateway and DNS for the switch.
Parameter
DHC
e abbreviation of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Here
lient used to get an IP address automatically
able”. When enabled, the switch will issue the
e DHCP server resided in the network to get an IP address.
rver is down or does not exist, the switch will issue the
e
P address, sub
description:
P Setting:
DHCP is th
DHCP means a switch to turn ON or OFF the function.
The switch supports DHCP c
if you set this function “En
request to th
If DHCP se
request and show IP address is under requesting, until the DHCP server
is up. Before getting an IP address from DHCP server, the device will not
continue booting procedures. If set this field “Disable”, you’ll have to
input IP address manually. For more details about IP address and DHCP,
please see the Section 2-1-5 “IP Address Assignment” in this manual.
Default: Disable
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ress:
n, click <Apply> button to update.
Subn
A, B,
large to fit for almost all networks, hence, subnet mask
solve this problem. Subnet mask uses some bits from
ost address and makes an IP address looked Network address, Subnet
mask number and host address. It is shown in the following figure. This
reduces the total IP number of a network able to support, by the amount
of 2 power of the bit number of subnet number (2^(bit number of subnet
number)).
Subnet ma ch should be the
same value as that of the other devices resided in the same network it
attaches.
For more information, please also see the Section 2-1-5 “IP Address
Assignment” in this manual.
Default: 255.255.255.0
Default gateway:
Set an IP address for a gateway to handle those packets that do not
meet the routing rules predefined in the device. If a packet does not meet
the criteria for other pre-defined path, it must be forwarded to a default
router on a default path. This means any packet with undefined IP
address in the routing table will be sent to this device unconditionally.
Default: 192.168.1.254
IP add
Users can configure the IP settings and fill in new values if users set the
DHCP function “Disable”. The
When DHCP is disabled, Default: 192.168.1.1
If DHCP is enabled, this field is filled by DHCP server and will not allow
user manually set it any more.
et mask:
Subnet mask is made for the purpose to get more network address
because any IP device in a network must own its IP address, composed
of Network address and Host address, otherwise can’t communicate with
other devices each other. But unfortunately, the network classes
and C are all too
is introduced to
h
sk is used to set the subnet mask value, whi
32 bits
Network ID
Host ID
Network ID Host ID
Subnet number
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Internet. User can specify a DNS IP address for the switch. With this, the
s in it. Default is no assignment of DNS address.
lt: 0.0.0.0
DNS:
It is Domain Name Server used to serve the translation between IP
address and name address.
The switch supports DNS client function to re-route the mnemonic name
address to DNS server to get its associated IP address for accessing
switch can translate a mnemonic name address into an IP address.
There are two ways to specify the IP address of DNS. One is fixed mode,
which manually specifies its IP address, the other is dynamic mode,
which is assigned by DHCP server while DHCP is enabled. DNS can
help you easily remember the mnemonic address name with the
meaningful word
Defau
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3-1-3 e Configuration
The
NTP. Man
“Minute” a
input an in
59.
NTP
system tim
has been
built-in NT
server IP a
form of GM
Function n
Function d
Set t
The
Parameter
Current Time:
Manu
id figures for the
our, Minute and Second are >=2000, 1-12,
press
ode.
De
H , Minute = 0, Second = 0
. Tim
switch provides manual and automatic ways to set the system time via
ual setting is simple and you just input “Year”, “Month”, “Day”, “Hour”,
nd “Second” within the valid value range indicated in each item. If you
valid value, for example, 61 in minute, the switch will clamp the figure to
is a well-known protocol used to synchronize the clock of the switch
e over a network. NTP, an internet draft standard formalized in
RFC 1305,
adopted on the system is version 3 protocol. The switch provides four
P server IP addresses resided in the Internet and an user-defined NTP
ddress. The time zone is Greenwich-centered which uses the expression
T+/- xx hours.
ame:
Time
escription:
he system time by manual input or set it by syncing from Time servers.
function also supports daylight saving for different area’s time adjustment.
description:
Show the current time of the system.
al:
This is the function to adjust the time manually. Filling the valid figures in
the fields of Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute and Second respectively and
djusted. The val
press <Apply> button, time is a
parameter Year, Month, Day, H
1-31, 0-23, 0-59 and 0-59 respectively. Input the wrong figure and
<Apply> button, the device will reject the time adjustment request. There
is no time zone setting in Manual m
fault: Year = 2000, Month = 1, Day = 1
our = 0
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NTP:
NT e
based Gre Mean Time (GMT). If use the NTP mode and select a
built-in NT server or manually specify an user-defined NTP server
as well as Tim h will sync the time in a short after
pressing <Appl h it synchronizes the time automatically,
NTP does not update the time periodically without user’s processing.
Time Zone offset time off GMT. You have to select the time zone
first and then pe a NTP because the switch will combine
this time zone o pdated NTP time to come out the local time,
otherwise, you to get the correct time. The switch supports
configurab zone from –12 to +13 step 1 hour.
Default Time zo
Daylight Saving:
Daylight saving is adopted in some countries. If set, it will adjust the time
lag or in advance in un rding to the starting date and the
ending date. For exam e day light saving to be 1 hour.
When the time passes over the starting time, the system time will be
increased one hour after one minute at the time since it passed over. And
when the time passes over the ending time, the system time will be
decreased one hour after one minute at the time since it passed over.
The switch supports valid configurable day light saving time is –5 ~ +5
step one hour. The zero for this parameter means it need not have to
adjust current time, equivalent to in-act daylight saving. You don’t have to
set the starting/ending date as well. If you set daylight saving to be nonzero, you have to set the starting/ending date as well; otherwise, the
daylight saving function will not be activated.
Default for Daylight Saving: 0.
The following parameters are configurable for the function Daylight
Saving and described in detail.
Day Light Saving Start :
This is used to set when to start performing the day light saving time.
Mth:
Range is 1 ~ 12.
Default: 1
Day:
Range is 1 ~ 31.
Default: 1
Hour:
Range is 0 ~ 23.
Default: 0
P is Network Time Protocol and is used to sync the network tim
enwich
P time
e Zone, the switc
y> button. Thoug
is an
rform time sync vi
ffset and u
will not able
le time
ne: +8 Hrs.
it of hours, acco
ple, if you set th
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:
t: 1
lt: 0
Day Light Saving End
This is used to set when to stop performing the daylight saving time.
Mth:
Range is 1 ~ 12.
Default: 1
Day:
Range is 1 ~ 31.
Defaul
Hour:
Range is 0 ~ 23.
Defau
Fig. 3-5
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n
rd without
e password but it is necessary to modify the administrator-equivalent
se note that
n in advance
r is allowed
n be created.
for user account is:
Password : admin
Username : guest
Password : guest
3-1-4. Account Configuratio
In this function, only administrator can create, modify or delete the username
and password. Administrator can modify other guest identities’ passwo
confirming th
identity. Guest-equivalent identity can modify his password only. Plea
you must confirm administrator/guest identity in the field of Authorizatio
before configuring the username and password. Only one administrato
exist and unable to be deleted. In addition, up to 4 guest accounts cato
The default setting
Username : admin
The default setting for guest user account is:
Fig. 3-6
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-1-5. Management Policy
he management security configuration, the manager can do the
strict e user to access this switch.
The
Rule
--
Rule
exclu
Accept Deny Ac Deny Accept
3
Through t
setup to control the switch and limit th
following rules are offered for the manager to manage the switch:
1) : When no lists exists, then it will accept all connections.
Accept
---------------------------------------------------------------------
2) : When only “accept lists” e xist, then it will deny all connections,
ding the connection inside of the accepting range.
cept
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule en only “deny lists” exist, then it will accept all connections,
excluding th
Deny Accept Deny Accept Deny
3) : Wh
e connection inside of the denying range.
---
Rule 4) :
connections, excluding the connection inside of the accepting range.
Accept Deny Deny Deny Accept
--------------------------------------------------------------------
When both “accept and deny” list s exist, then it will deny all
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule 5) : When both “accept and deny” lists exist, then it will deny all
connections, excluding the connection inside of the accepting range and NOT
inside of the denying range at the same time.
Accept
Den
y
Deny| Acc | Deny | Acc | Deny
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Accept
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Functio
Mana
Function d
curity Configuration function. With this
nager can easily control the mode that the user connects to
the s
Thos
unabl
on th
that whi
ser could be accepted or denied by the switch, the port that the
user
contr
n name:
gement Security Configuration
escription:
nagement SeThe switch offers Ma
function, the ma
witch. According to the mode, users can be classified into two types:
e who are able to connect to the switch (Accept) and those who are
e to connect to the switch (Deny). Some restrictions also can be placed
e mode that the user connect to the switch, for example, we can decide
ch VLAN VID is able to be accepted or denied by the switch, the IP
range of the u
is allowed or not allowed to connect with the switch, or the way of
olling and connecting to the switch via Http, Telnet or SNMP.
Fig. 3-7
arameter description:
Name:
A name is composed of any letter (A-Z, a-z) and digit (0-9) with maximal
8 characters.
VID:
The switch supports two kinds of options for managed valid VLAN VID,
including “Any” and “Custom”. Default is “Any”. When you choose
“Custom”, you can fill in VID number. The valid VID range is 1~4094.
P
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witch supports two kinds of options for managed valid IP Range,
y” and “Custom”. Default is “Any”. In case that” Custom”
n chosen, you can assigned effective IP range. The valid range
55.255.255.255.
agement
”. Default is “Deny”. When you choose
n can be created after
IP Range:
The s
including “An
had bee
is 0.0.0.0~2
Incoming Port:
The switch supports two kinds of options for managed valid Port Range,
including “Any” and “Custom”. Default is “Any”. You can select the ports
that you would like them to be worked and restricted in the man
security configuration if ”Custom” had been chosen.
Access T ype:
The switch supports two kinds of options
for managed valid Access Type,
including “Any” and “Custom”. Default is “Any”. “Http”, “Telnet” and
“SNMP” are three ways for the access and managing the switch in case
that” Custom” had been chosen.
Action:
The switch supports two kinds of options
for managed valid Action Type,
including “Deny” and “Accept
“Deny” action, you will be restricted and refused to manage the switch
due to the “Access Type” you choose. However, while you select
“Accept” action, you will have the authority to manage the switch.
Edit/Create:
A new entry of Management Security Configuratio
the parameters as mentioned above had been setup and then press
<Edit/Create> button. Of course, the existed entry also can be modified
by pressing this button.
Delete:
Remove the existed entry of Management Security Configuration from
the management security table.
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irtual Stack
Function name:
Virtual Stack
Function description:
Virtual Stack Management(VSM) is the group management function. Through
the proper configuration of this function, switches in the same LAN will be
grouped automatically. And among these switch, one switch will be a master
machine, and the others in this group will become the slave devices.
VSM offers a simple centralized management function. It is not necessary to
remember the address of all devices, manager is capable of managing the
network with knowing the address of the Master machine. Instead of SNMP or
Telnet UI, VSM is only available in Web UI. While one switch become the
Master, two rows of buttons for group device will appear on the top of its Web
UI. By pressing these buttons, user will be allowed to connect the Web UI of
e devices of the group in the same window without the login of these device.
The most top-left button is ster device(See Fig.3-9). The
f the button you press will be changed to represent that the
device is under your management.
will remove the grouping temporarily in case that you login the switch
vice of the group will be shown as station address ( the last number of
IP Ad
will s
evices join the group successfully, then they are merely able to be
ia Master device, and user will fail to manage them via
telne
Up t is
allowed to exist in each group. For Master redundancy, user may configure
more than two devices as Mas owever, the Master device with the
smaller MAC value will be the Ma 16 devices can
become Master device and back up with each other .
3-1-6. V
th
only for Ma
background color o
Note: It
via the console.
The de
dress) + device name on the button (e.g. 196_GEL2-SW16), otherwise it
how ” ---- “ if no corresponding device exists.
Once the d
managed v
t/console/web individually.
o 16 devices can be grouped for VSM, however, only one Master
ter device, h
ster one. All of these
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Fig. 3-8
Param ter description:
St ate:
or the activation or de-activation of VSM. Default is Enable.
R
Group ID:
It is the group identifier (GID) which signs for VSM. Valid letters are A-Z,
a-z, 0-9, “
- “ and “_” characters. The maximal length is 15 characters.
e
It is used f
ole:
The role that the switch would like to play in virtual stack. Two types of
roles, including master and slave are offered for option. Default is Master.
Fig. 3-9
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ons, including Port Status, Port Configuration, Simple Counter and
Deta are contained in this function folder for port monitor and
f them will be described in detail orderly in the following
3-2-1.Port S
function Port Status gathers the information of all ports’ current status
and report
status, sp
module po
3-2. Port Configuration
Four functi
il Counter
management. Each o
sections.
Port Configuration
Status
Configuration
Simple Counter
Detail Counter
tatus
The
s it by the order of port number, link status, port state, Auto-Negotiation
eed/duplex and flow control. An extra media type information for the
rts 15 and 16 is also offered (See Fig. 3-11).
Fig. 3-10
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Func
Port
Function D
Repo
ports
autom
Parameter
is 1 – 16. Both port 15 and 16 are
Medi
e Port 15 and Port 16 are
which support either fiber or UTP media with either
0Mbps) or 10/100Mbps Fast Ethernet port. They
fferent media types and speed. Especially, fiber port has
comprehensive types of connector, distance, fiber mode and so on. The
switch describes the module ports with the following page.
Link:
Show that if the link on the port is active or not. If the link is connected to
a working-well device, the Link will show the link “Up”; otherwise, it will
show “Down”. This is determined by the hardware on both devices of the
connection.
No default value.
St ate:
Show that the communication function of the port is “Enabled” or
“Disabled”. When it is enabled, traffic can be transmitted and received via
this port. When it is disabled, no traffic can be transferred through this
port. Port State is configured by user.
Default: Enabled.
Auto Negotiation:
Show the exchange mode of Ethernet MAC. There are two modes
supported in the switch. They are auto-negotiation mode “Enabled” and
forced mode “Disabled”. When in “Enabled” mode, this function will
automatically negotiate by hardware itself and exchange each other the
capability of speed and duplex mode with other site which is linked, and
comes out the best communication way. When in “Disabled” mode, both
parties must have the same setting of speed and duplex, otherwise, both
of them will not be linked. In this case, the link result is “Down”.
Default: Enabled
tion name:
Status
escription:
rt the latest updated status of all ports in this switch. When any one of the
in the switch changes its parameter displayed in the page, it will be
atically refreshed the port current status about every 5 seconds.
Description:
Port No:
Display the port number. The number
optional modules.
a:
Show the media type adopted in all ports. Th
optional modules,
Gigabit Ethernet (100
may have di
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S ex Mode:
Display the speed and duplex of all port. There are three speeds 10Mbps,
r TP media, and the duplex
supported is half duplex and full duplex. If the media is 1Gbps fiber, it is
rted only. The status of speed/duplex mode is
determi n
“Auto s
to be preset its capability.
, depends on the result of the negotiation.
Flow Control:
Show ea
Ther ckpressure for half-
ontrol (IEEE802.3x) for full-duplex
e switch supports both of them.
Defa
peed / Dupl
100Mbps and 1000Mbps supported fo
1000Mbps suppo
ned by 1) the negotiation of both local port and link partner i
Speed” mode or 2) user setting in “Force” mode. The local port ha
Default: None
ch port’s flow control status.
e are two types of flow control in Ethernet, Ba
duplex operation and Pause flow c
operation. Th
ult: Disabled
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Fig. 3-11
Para f Port 15 and Port 16:
onn
Display the connector type, for instance, UTP, SC, ST, LC and so
on.
Fiber Typ e:
Display the fiber mode, for instance, Multi-Mode, Single-Mode.
Tx Central Wavelength:
Display the fiber optical transmitting central wavelength, for
instance, 850nm, 1310nm, 1550nm and so on.
Baud Rate:
Display the maximum baud rate of the fiber module supported, for
instance, 10M, 100M, 1G and so on.
Vendo r OUI:
Display the Manufacturer's OUI code which is assigned by IEEE.
Vendo r Name:
Display the company name of the module manufacturer.
Vendo r P/N:
Display the product name of the naming by module manufacturer.
Vendo r Rev (Revision):
Display the module revision.
meter description o
C ector Type:
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serial number assigned by the manufacturer.
Date Code:
Show the date this SFP module was made.
Temperature:
Show the current temperature of SFP module.
Vcc:
Show the working DC voltage of SFP module.
Mon1(Bias) mA:
Show the Bias current of SFP module.
Mon2(TX PWR):
Show the transmit power of SFP module.
Mon3(RX PWR):
Show the receiver power of SFP module.
Vendor SN (Serial Number):
Show the
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3-2-2. Port Configuration
onfiguration is applied to change the setting of each port. In this
configurati
described
Port C
on function, you can set/reset the following functions. All of them are
in detail below.
Fig. 3-12
unction name:
Port Configuration
Function description:
It is used to set each port’s operation mode. The switch supports 3 parameters
for each port. They are state, mode and flow control.
Parameter description:
St ate:
Set the communication capability of the port is Enabled or Disabled.
When enabled, traffic can be transmitted and received via this port.
When disabled, the port is blocked and no traffic can be transferred
through this port. Port State is configurable by the user. There are only
two states “Enable” and “Disable” able to choose. If you set a port’s state
“Disable”, then that port is prohibited to pass any traffic, even it looks
Link up.
Default: Enable.
F
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M
is 1Gbps
ode:
Set the speed and duplex of the port. In speed, if the media
fiber, it is always 1000Mbps and the duplex is full only. If the media is TP,
the Speed/Duplex is comprised of the combination of speed mode,
10/100/1000Mbps, and duplex mode, full duplex and half duplex. The
following table summarized the function the media supports.
Media type NWay Speed Duplex
1000M TP ON/OFF 10/100/1000M Full for all, Half for 10/100
1000M Fiber ON/OFF 1000M Full
In Auto-negotiation mode, ult value. In Forced mode, default
value depends on your setting.
l:
two modes to choose in flow control, including Enable and
low control is set Enable, both parties can send PAUSE frame
itting device(s) if the receiving port is too busy to handle.
no defa
Flow Contro
There are
Disable. If f
to the transm
When it is set Disable, there will be no flow control in the port. It drops
the packet if too much to handle.
Default: Enable.
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3-2-3. Simple Counter
on of Simple Counter collects any information and provides the
counting ab fic of the port, no matter the packet is good or bad.
In the Fig. 3 counter information at the
same ata field has 20-digit long. If the counting is overflow, the counter
will be res interval defined by
the user. The is used to set the
upda ult update time is 3 seconds.
The functi
out the traf
-13, the window can show all ports’
time. Each d
et and restart counting. The data is updated every time
valid range is 3 to 10 seconds. The Refresh Interval
te frequency. Defa
Fig. 3-13
Function name:
Simple Counter
Function description:
Display the summary counting of each port’s traffic, including Tx Byte, Rx Byte,
Tx Packet, Rx Packet, Tx Collision and Rx Error Packet.
Parameters description:
Tx Byte:
Total transmitted bytes.
Rx Byte:
Total received bytes.
Tx Packet:
The counting number of the packet transmitted.
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Rx Packet:
The counting number of the packet received.
Tx Collision:
Number of collisions transmitting frames experienced.
Rx Error Packet:
Number of bad packets received.
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3-2-4
The ation and provides the
counting ab d or bad.
ow can show only one port counter information at
the same the list of
Select, then you will see the figures displayed about the port you had chosen.
Eac counter will
be reset a fined by the
user. nge is 3 to 10 seconds. The Refresh Interval is used to set the
update fre
. Detail Counter
function of Detail Counter collects any inform
out the traffic of the port, no matter the packet is goo
In the Fig. 3-14, the wind
time. To see another port’s counter, you have to pull down
h data field has 20-digit long. If the counting is overflow, the
nd restart counting. The data is updated every time interval de
The valid ra
quency. Default update time is 3 seconds.
Fig. 3-14
Func
Deta
Func
Disp he
ll counter information of each port at one time.
Parameter
Rx High Priority Packets:
assified as high priority.
tion name:
il Counter
tion description:
lay the detailed counting number of each port’s traffic. In the Fig. 3-14, t
window can show a
description:
Rx Packets:
The counting number of the packet received.
RX Octets:
Total received bytes.
Number of Rx packets cl
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ckets:
Tx High Priority Packets:
ackets classified as high priority.
Tx Lo
f Tx packets classified as low priority.
Tx B
counting number of the transmitted broadcast packet.
Tx M
ounting number of the transmitted multicast packet.
Rx 6
-byte frames in good and bad packets received.
Rx 6
er of 65 ~ 126-byte frames in good and bad packets received.
Rx 1
er of 127 ~ 255-byte frames in good and bad packets received.
Rx
f 256 ~ 511-byte frames in good and bad packets received.
Rx 5
er of 512 ~ 1023-byte frames in good and bad packets received.
Rx 1
24-max_length-byte frames in good and bad packets
Tx 64
Number of 64-byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted.
Rx Low Priority Pa
Number of Rx packets classified as low priority.
Rx Broadcast:
Show the counting number of the received broadcast packet.
Rx Multicast:
Show the counting number of the received multicast packet.
Tx Packets:
The counting number of the packet transmitted.
TX Octets:
Total transmitted bytes.
Number of Tx p
w Priority Packets:
Number o
roadcast:
Show the
ulticast:
Show the c
4 Bytes:
Number of 64
5-127 Bytes:
Numb
28-255 Bytes:
Numb
256-511 Bytes:
Number o
12-1023 Bytes:
Numb
024-Bytes:
Number of 10
received.
Bytes:
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er of 65 ~ 126-byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted.
127 ~ 255-byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted.
Bytes:
umber of 512 ~ 1023-byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted.
nsmitted.
t:
mber of Alignment errors and CRC error packets received.
Rx U
f short frames (<64 Bytes) with valid CRC.
CRC.
Number of short frames (< 64 bytes) with invalid CRC.
Rx J
umber of long frames(according tomax_length register) with invalid
RC.
Rx Drops:
Frames dropped due to the lack of receiving buffer.
Rx Errors:
Number of the error packet received.
Tx Collisions:
Number of collisions transmitting frames experienced.
Tx Drops:
Number of frames dropped due to excessive collision, late collision, or
frame aging.
Tx FIFO Drops:
Number of frames dropped due to the lack of transmitting buffer.
Tx 65-127 Bytes:
Numb
Tx 128-255 Bytes:
Number of
Tx 256-511 Bytes:
Number of 256 ~ 511-byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted.
Tx 512-1023
N
Tx 1024-Bytes:
Number of 1024-max_length-byte frames in good and bad packets
tra
Rx CRC/Alignmen
Nu
ndersize:
Number o
Rx Oversize:
Number of long frames(according to max_length register) with valid
Rx Fragments:
abber:
N
C
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we
are Monitoring Port and Monitored Port
tively, thus, the traffic received by Port B will be copied to Port A for
ring.
Param
Mode:
Used for the activation or de-activation of Port Mirror function. Default is
disable.
Monitoring Port:
Set up the port for monitoring. Valid port is Port 1~16 and default is
Port 1.
Monitored Port:
Set up the port for being monitored. Just tick the check box (
;) beside
the port x and valid port is Port 1~16.
3-3. Mirror
Function name:
Mirror Configuration
Function description:
Mirror Configuration is to monitor the traffic of the network. For example,
assume that Port A and Port B
respec
monito
Note:
When configuring the mirror function, you should avoid setting a port to be a
sniffer port and aggregated port at the same time. It will cause something
wrong.
eter description:
Fig. 3-15
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3-4. Bandwidth Management
Func
Band
Function d
Band tion is used to set up the limit of Ingress and
Note
Each
be re
that j
Please avoid enabling jumbo frame and bandwidth rating functions at the
same time.
tion name:
width Management
escription:
width Management func
Egress bandwidth for each port.
:
port of the switch owns 16KB packet buffer. The packet buffer size will
duced when the bandwidth rate limitation is enabled, which may cause
umbo frame cannot be forwarded.
Fig. 3-16
Parameter description:
Port Number:
Choose the port that you would like this function to work on it. Valid
range of the port is 1~16.
All Traffic for Ingress Rate Limiting(Policing):
Set up the limit of Ingress bandwidth for the port you choose. Incoming
traffic will be discarded if the rate exceeds the value you set up in Data
Rate field. Pause frames are also generated if flow control is enabled.
The format of the packet limits to unicast, broadcast and multicast. Valid
range is 0~1000.
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for the port you choose. Incoming
the value you set up in
Data Rate field. Traffic may be lost if egress buffers run full. The format
of the packet limits to unicast, broadcast and multicast. Valid range is
0~1000.
Broadcast & Multicasat for Ingress Rate Limiting (Policing):
Set up the limit of Ingress bandwidth
traffic will be discarded if the rate exceeds the value you set up in Data
Rate field. The format of the packet limits to broadcast and multicast.
Valid range is 0~1000.
All Traf fic for Egress Rate Limiting(Sh ap ing):
Set up the limit of Egress bandwidth for the port you choose. Packet
transmission will be delayed if the rate exceeds
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-5. QoS(Quality of Service) Configuration
offers powerful 5 kinds of QoS functions. There are Per Port
ssign each port to different precedence, VLAN Tag priority
that nce of 8 priorities, IP TOS Classification, IP TCP/UDP Port
iffServe Classification.
Clas
did n
you s
High
3
The switch
Priority that you can a
can make precede
Classification and IP D
In Quality of Service (QoS) Configuration, there is one option named” Default
s”. As you had selected one of the five QoS functions, then some packets that
ot belong to this QoS setting would be viewed as Default Class. For instance, if
et QoS function as VLAN Tag Priority mode, and then choose Default Class as
, finally, the priority of the packets with no tag will be considered as High priority
ault Class is High. precedence. The initial value of the Def
Fig. 3-17
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Para
User can set up High Priori rity for each port respective ly.
Function name:
Per Port Priority
Function description:
We can assign QoS Priority, including High and Low for each port. For
example, if we transmit IP packets from Port 2 and Port 3 at the speed of
1Gbps to Port 1, and set the Class of Port 2 as High and Port 3 as Low, then
the packets of Port 3 will be dropped when the congestion happens because
Port 2 owns higher precedence of transmitting packets.
meter description:
Port No:
User can choose the port (1~16) respectively with Priority Class on Per
Port Priority function.
Class:
ty or Low Prio
Fig. 3-18
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Function name:
Function d
In vlan tag, there are 3 bits belonging to priority. According to these 3 bits, we
nge 8 traffics –0 0 0, 0 0 1, 0 1 0, 0 1 1, 1 0 0, 1 0 1, 1 1 0, 1 1 1. We
High priority or Low priority for each traffic class. For instance, if we let
VLAN be
Low n the vlan 2. We sent the packets
that have the value 0 0 0 in vlan-tagged field and VID equals 2 from the port 2
and the packets that have the value 0 0 1 in vlan-tagged field and VID equals
2 from the port 3 into the switch. We let the two kinds of packets be
transmitted for port 1 until the port results in congestion. The result is that the
packets will be dropped partially from the port 3 because the packets that
belong to Low Priority. For the use of VLAN Tag Priority function, please press
<Configure> button at the right section for setting in advance.
VLAN Tag Priority
escription:
could arra
can set
-tagged priority 0 0 0 be high priority and VLAN-tagged priority 0 0 1
Priority, and then make port 1, 2, 3 be i
Fig. 3-19
Parameter description:
Quality of Service (QoS) Vlan Tag Configuration:
Used for setting up the QoS belongs to Vlan operation.
Port:
User can set up the port (1~16) respectively to let Vlan Tag QoS function
work on them. If you would like to set up all ports at a time, user is also
allowed to choose “All” in the selection list to simplify the procedure of
configuration.
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o the arrangement of VLAN-tagged priority, it can form 8
fics, including 0 0 0, 0 0 1, 0 1 0, 0 1 1, 1 0 0, 1 0 1, 1 1 0
Bit 0, Bit 1, Bit 2:
According t
kinds of traf
and 1 1 1.
Class:
8 kinds of traffic as mentioned above, user can set u p High Priority or
Low Priority for each port respectively.
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Function name:
n
Function d
Anot application of Layer 3 on network framework. We
TOS field of IP header. There are three bits in TOS field. We means
of TOS field that we will use. According to these 3 bits, we could
arran ng
as w ader, we will create the 8 traffic
packets we meant before. Moreover, we can set High priority or Low priority
for each traffic class. For instance, if we let TOS 0 0 0 be high priority and TOS
0 0 1 be Low Priority, we sent in the packets that have bit 5~7 of TOS Field
appears 0 0 0 from the port 2 and the packets that have bit 5~7 of TOS Field
appears 0 0 1 from the port 3. We let the two kinds of packets be transmitted
for port 1 until the port results in congestion. The result is that the packets will
be dropped partially from the port 3 because the packets that belong to Low
Priority.
IP ToS Classificatio
escription:
her QoS function is the
focus on
bit 5~7
ge 8 traffics –0 0 0, 0 0 1, 0 1 0, 0 1 1, 1 0 0, 1 0 1, 1 1 0, 1 1 1. As lo
e change bit 5~7 of TOS field of IP he
Fig. 3-20
Parameter description:
Quality of Service (QoS) ToS Configuration:
Used for setting up the QoS in Layer 3.
Port:
User can set up the port (1~16) respectively to let TOS QoS function
work on them. If you would like to set up all ports at a time, user is also
allowed to choose “All” in the selection list to simplify the procedure of
configuration.
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o the arrangement of Bit 5 ~ Bit 7 in TOS Field of IP Header,
Bit 0, Bit 1, Bit 2:
According t
it can form 8 kinds of traffics, including 0 0 0, 0 0 1, 0 1 0, 0 1 1, 1 0 0,
1 0 1, 1 1 0 and 1 1 1.
Class:
8 kinds of traffic as mentioned above, user can set u p High Priority or
Low Priority for each port respectively.
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Func
IP TC
Function d
ecial network
web browsing,
e-ma
then
443,
using but it is fine that yo port with other
prefer. In ” Down prioritize web browsing, e-mail, FTP and
news
port p
such
pack
port 1
by po
will h
Parameter
Disab
Just tick the option button and press <Apply>
butto
e >>>
Down prioriti
<Apply>
to have this function taken affect. Then, click
<Advance >>>
butto
Prioritize IP
Belon button and press <Apply>
<Advance >>>
rt for QoS.
Prioritize iS
Belong to the QoS in L4. Just tick the option button and press <Apply>
vance >>>
butto
Priori w
option button and press <Apply>
ance >>>
butto S.
tion name:
P/UDP Port Classification
escription:
In L4 QoS Configuration, you can enter one of these sp
transmission events, for example we use” Down prioritize
il, FTP and news “L4 QoS Configuration and click <Apply> button, and
click <Advance >>>
button. We can find Special TCP/UDP port 80, 280,
25, 110, 20, 21, 69, 119, 2009 have already existed and defined for your
u modify this pre-defined TCP/UDP
port number you
“ L4 QoS Configuration with default setting, special defined TCP/UDP
ossesses lower QoS traffic than Default class ( all other TCP/UDP ports
as port 81,82,83,84,85, etc.). Giving an example, when we transmit TCP
ets with port number 80 at each of port 2 and port number 81 at port 3 to
until the congestion happens. The packets from port 3 will be dropped
rt 1 because the TCP packets have port number 80 is high priority and
ave higher precedence to be sent out from port 1.
description:
le IP TCP/UDP Port Classification:
Belong to the QoS in L4.
n to have this function taken affect. Then, click
<Advanc
button to set up Special TCP/UDP port for QoS.
ze web browsing, e-mail, FTP and news:
Just tick the option button and press
Belong to the QoS in L4.
button
n to set up Special TCP/UDP port for QoS.
Telephony (VoIP):
g to the QoS in L4. Just tick the option
button to have this function taken affect. Then, click
button set up Special TCP/UDP po
CSI:
button to have this function taken affect. Then, click
<Ad
n to set up Special TCP/UDP port for QoS.
tize eb browsing, e-mail, FTP transfers and news:
Belong to the QoS in L4. Just tick the
button to have this function taken affect. Then, click
<Adv
n to set up Special TCP/UDP port for Qo
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Prioritize Streaming Audio/Video:
Belong to the QoS in L4. Just tick the option button and press <Apply>
button to have th Then, click
<Advance >>>
button set up Special T
Prioritize Databases (Oracle, IBM DB2, SQL, Microsoft):
Belong to the QoS in L4. Just tick the option button and press <Apply>
button to have this function taken affect. Then, click
<Advance >>>
button to set up Special TCP/UDP port for QoS.
Advanced Mode:
Display the TCP/UDP port number in L4 QoS. In “Disable IP TCP/UDP
Port Classification” mode, user can randomly choose TCP/UDP port
number that L4 QoS will affect. As to other special L4 QoS events,
Special TCP/UDP port number will be took action. Of course, user could
be allowed to add or modify the port number at random. For instance, if
we choose “Down prioritize web browsing, e-mail, FTP and news” as the
QoS of L4 and enter the “Advanced Mode”, then we can see that some
special port number 80, 280, 443, 25, 110, 20, 21, 69, 119, 2009 have
been configured already. User also has the right to modify these port
numbers. The display is shown as Fig. 3-21.
Special TCP/UDP class:
There are two modes for selection, including Low and High.
Default class (all other
s for selection, including Low and High.
l
TDP/UDP class function work on them. If you would like to set up
all ports at a time, user is allowed to choose “All” selection to
simplify the procedure of configuration.
Special UDP/TCP Port Selection:
The following are port numbers defined by six specific networks in
L4:
⎯ Down prioritize web browsing, e-mail, FTP and news:
port number 80,280,443,25,110,20,21,69,119,2009
⎯ Prioritize IP Telephony (VoIP):1718,1719,1720
⎯ Prioritize iSCSI:3225,3260,3420
⎯ Prioritize web browsing, e-mail, FTP transfers and news:
80,280,443,25,110,20,21,69,119,2009
⎯ Prioritize Streaming Audio/Video: 2979,1755,7070,7071,554,8000
⎯ Prioritize Databases (Oracle, IBM DB2, SQL, Microsoft):
66,1571,1575,523,118,156,3306,1232,1433,1434
is function taken affect.
CP/UDP port for QoS.
TCP/UDP ports):
There are two mode
Port:
User can set up the port (1~16) respectively to let Specia
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Fig. 3-21 Advanced Mode
Fig. 3-22 Simple Mode
Simple Mode:
Press <Simple<<> button is to return to the screen that all L4 port
number will disappear (See Fig. 3-22).
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viated DSCP, and the last two bits are left unused.
IP
IP Differentiated Services (DiffServ) Co nfiguration:
for setting up the IP Differentiated Services Configuration QoS.
(0~63) DiffServ Priority items.
Function name:
IP Diffserv Classification
Function description:
In the late 1990s, the IETF redefined the meaning of the 8-bit SERVICE TYPE
field to accommodate a set of differentiated services (DS). Under the
differentiated services interpretation, the first six bits comprise a codepoint,
which is sometimes abbre
Diffserve Classification function, it can form total 64 (0~63) kinds of Traffic
Class based on the arrangement of 6-bit field in DSCP of the IP packet. In the
switch, user is allowed to set up these 64 kinds of Class that belong to High or
Low Priority.
Parameter description:
Used
Diffserv:
Display 64
Class:
64 kinds of traffic as we mentioned above, user can set up Hi gh Priority
or Low Priority for each port respectively.
Fig. 3-23
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3-6. SNM
Any running the Simple Network
Manageme anaged devices equipped with
SNMP ag ation Base (MIB) is installed
correctly o protocol that is used to govern
the transfer r and agent and traverses the
Object Ide formation Base (MIB), described in the
form of SM switch to response the request
issued by SNMP
g the trap information. The switch
supp switch to turn on or off the SNMP agent. If you set the field SNMP
“Enable”, S
MIB, can b
agent will
Trap and a
Function n
SNMP Config
Function d
This
and public
authentica
information
name. Onc , the setting takes effect.
Parameter
SNMP:
The term SNMP here is used for the activation or de-activation of SNMP.
Default is Enable.
Get/Set/Trap Community:
Community name is used as password for authenticating if the
requesting network management unit belongs to the same community
group. If they both don’t have the same community name, they don’t
belong to the same group. Hence, the requesting network management
unit can not access the device with different community name via SNMP
protocol; If they both have the same community name, they can talk each
other.
Community name is user-definable with a maximum length of 15
characters and is case sensitive. There is not allowed to put any blank in
the community name string. Any printable character is allowable.
The community name for each function works independently. Each
function has its own community name. Say, the community name fo
GET only d to other function
such as S
P Configuration
Network Management System (NMS)
nt Protocol (SNMP) can manage the M
ent, provided that the Management Inform
n the managed devices. The SNMP is a
MP manage
of information between SN
ntity (OID) of the management In
I syntax. SNMP agent is running on the
manager.
Basically
orts a
, it is passive except issuin
NMP agent will be started up. All supported MIB OIDs, including RMON
e accessed via SNMP manager. If the field SNMP is set “Disable”, SNMP
be de-activated, the related Community Name, Trap Host IP Address,
ll MIB counters will be ignored.
ame:
uration
escription:
function is used to configure SNMP settings, community name, trap host
traps as well as the throttle of SNMP. A SNMP manager must pass the
tion by identifying both community names, then it can access the MIB
of the target device. So, both parties must have the same community
e completing the setting, click <Apply> button
s description:
r
works for GET function and can’t be applie
ET and Trap.
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nction : Enable
address to host the
trap message. In other words, the trap host is a network management
unit with SNMP manager receiving the trap message from the managed
switch with SNMP agent issui ssage. 6 trap hosts can
prevent the important trap message from losing.
ch public trap, the switch supports the trap event Cold Start, Warm
own, Link Up and Authentication Failure Trap. They can be
disabled individually. When enabled, the corresponded trap
send a trap message to the trap host when a trap happens. If
Default SNMP fu
Default community name for GET: public
Default community name for SET: private
Default community name for Trap: public
Default Set function : Enable
Default trap host IP address: 0.0.0.0
Default port number :162
Trap:
In the switch, there are 6 trap hosts supported. Each of them has its own
community name and IP address; is user-definable. To set up a trap host
means to create a trap manager by assigning an IP
ng the trap me
For ea
Start, Link D
enabled or
will actively
all public traps are disabled, no public trap message will be sent. As to
the Enterprise (no. 6) trap is classified as private trap, which are listed in
the Trap Alarm Configuration function folder.
Default for all public traps: Enable.
Fig. 3-24 Community and trap host setting
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-7. IGMP Snooping
P Snooping, is used to establish the multicast groups to
cket to the member ports, and, in nature, avoids wasting the
band re running over the network. This is because
a swit st
packet fro cast
packet. W st packet forwarding function is plain
and nothin nt from broadcast packet.
A switch su ort and
leave, a type of p d IP
Multicast Host, rmation of the Multicast table when a member
(port) joins s an IP Multicast Destination Address. With this function, once a
switch receiv multicast packet, it will forward the packet to the members
who joined in a spe
3
The function, IGM
forward the multicast pa
width while IP multicast packets a
ch that does not support IGMP or IGMP Snooping can not tell the multica
m the broadcast packet, so it can only treat them all as the broad
ithout IGMP Snooping, the multica
g is differe
pported IGMP Snooping with the functions of query, rep
d between IP Multicast Router/Switch anacket exchange
can update the info
or leave
es an IP
cified IP multicast group before.
Fig. 3-25
Function name:
IGMP Snooping
Function description:
IGMP is used to snoop the status of IP multicast groups and display its
associated information in both tagged VLAN and non-tagged VLAN networks.
Enabling IGMP with either passive or active mode, you can monitor the IGMP
snooping information, which contains the multicast member list with the
multicast groups, VID and member port.
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iption:
selection:
supports three kinds of IGMP Snooping status, including
Disable” mode to disable IGMP Snooping function.
isable
Membership Query message to all hosts attached to it and
gather the Membership report message to update the database
of the Multicast table. By the way, this also reduces the
unnecessary multicast traffic.
Passive:
In Passive Snooping mode, the IGMP snooping will not
periodically poll the hosts in the groups. The switch will send a
Membership Query message to all hosts only when it has
received a Membership Query message from a router.
IP Address:
Show all multicast groups IP addresses that are registered on this device.
VLAN ID:
Show VLAN ID for each multicast group.
Member Port:
Show member ports that join each multicast group. Member port may be
only or more than one.
Parameter descr
IGMP snooping mode
The switch
“Passive”, “Active” and “Disable”.
Disable:
Set “
Default: D
Active:
In Active mode, IGMP snooping switch will periodically issue the
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Length
Param
3-8. Max. Packet
Function name:
Max. Packet Length
Function description:
The switch is capable of dealing with 9k Jumbo Frames, which suits the
transmission for a large amount of data in the network environment.
eter description:
Jumbo Frame(bytes):
Set up the maximum length of the packet that each port of the switch can
accept. Maximum length can be up to 1532 bytes or 9216 bytes. The
default is 1532 bytes.
Fig. 3-26
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ot
er. At this moment, a bunch of switch or other network device
n the LAN will try its best to find the server to get the services or try to set up the
l issue many broadcast packets in the network.
The switch supports a random delay time for DHCP and boot delay for each
presses the broadcast storm while all devices are at booting stage
in the ser-defined delay time is 30 sec. If DHCP
Broa function is enabled, the delay time is set randomly,
seconds, because the exactly delay time is computed by the
switch it
3-9. DHCP Bo
The DHCP Boot function is used to spread the request broadcast packet into
a bigger time frame to prevent the traffic congestion due to broadcast packets from
many network devices which may seek its NMS, boot server, DHCP server and
many connections predefined when the whole building or block lose the power and
then reboot and recov
o
predefined links, they wil
device. This sup
same time. The maximum u
dcasting Suppression
ranging from 0 to 30
self. The default is “Disable”.
Fig. 3-27
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3-10. VLAN
The switch
Support 256 ac
partition your LA
gain not only im ty and increasing performance but greatly reducing
VLAN man
3-10-1. VLAN
Function name:
VLAN Mod
Function description:
The VLAN Mode Selection function includes five modes: Port-based, Tagbased, Metro Mode, Double-tag and Disable, you can choose one of them by
pulling down list and selecting an item. Then, click <Apply> button, the
settings will take effect immediately.
Parameter description:
VLAN Mode:
Disable:
Stop VLAN function on the switch. In this mode, no VLAN is applied
to the switch. This is the default setting.
Port-based:
Port-based VLAN is defined by port. Any packet coming in or
outgoing from any one port of a port-based VLAN will be accepted.
No filtering criterion applies in port-based VLAN. The only criterion
is the physical port you connect to. For example, for a port-based
VLAN named PVLA ns port members Port 1&2&3&4. If
you are on the port 1, you communicate with port 2&3&4. If you
re on the port 5, then you cannot talk to them. Each port-based
VLAN you built up must be assigned a group name. This switch can
support up to maximal 16 port-based VLAN groups.
Tag-based:
Tag-based VLAN identifies its member by VID. This is quite
different from port-based VLAN. If there are any more rules in
ingress filtering list or egress filtering list, the packet will be
screened with more filtering criteria to determine if it can be
forwarded. The switch supports supplement of 802.1q. For more
details, please see the section VLAN in Chapter 3.
Each tag-based VLAN you built up must be assigned VLAN name
and VLAN ID. Valid VLAN ID is 1-4094. User can create total up to
64 Tag VLAN groups.
supports Tag-based VLAN (802.1q) and Port-based VLAN.
tive VLANs and VLAN ID 1~4094. VLAN configuration is used to
N into small ones as your demand. Properly configuring it, you can
proving securi
agement.
Mode
e Setting
N-1 contai
can
a
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Metro Mode:
Metro Mode is a quick configuration VLAN environment
N groups.
Doub
means that tag with
will be added into all packets. Then, these packets will be
arded as Tag-based VLAN. So, the incoming packets with tag
The
method on Port-based VLAN. It will create 14 or 15 Port-based
VLA
le-tag:
Double-tag mode belongs to the tag-based mode, however, it would
treat all frames as the untagged ones, which
PVID
forw
will become the double-tag ones.
Fig. 3-28
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etro mode is chosen in VLAN mode.
Port 16, each port of the switch cannot transmit packets with
each other. Each port groups a VLAN with Port 16, thus, total 15
ps consisting of 2 members are formed.
other. Each port groups a VLAN with Port 15
and Port 16, thus, total 14 groups consisting of 3 members are
Up-link Port:
This function is enabled only when m
15:
Except Port 15, each port of the switch cannot transmit packets with
each other. Each port groups a VLAN with Port 15, thus, total 15
groups consisting of 2 members are formed.
16:
Except
grou
15&16:
Except Port 15 and Port 16, each port of the switch cannot transmit
packets with each
formed.
Fig. 3-29
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3-10 ed Group
Function n
Tag-
Function d
It shows the information of existed based VLAN Groups, You can also
easily create, edit and delete a d VLAN group by pressing <Add>,
elete> function buttons. User can add a new VLAN group by
VLAN name and VLAN ID.
Parameter
VLAN Name:
The name defined by administrator is associated with a VLAN group.
Valid letters are A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “
- “ and “_” characters. The maximal
length is 15 characters.
VID:
VLAN identifier. Each tag-based VLAN group has a unique VID. It
appears only in tag-based and Double-tag mode.
SYM-VLAN:
While the SYM-VLAN function of the group is enabled, all packets with
this group VID will be dropped in case they are transmitted from the ports
that do not belong to this group.
Member:
This is used to enable or disable if a port is a member of the new added
VLAN, “Enable” means it is a member of the VLAN. Just tick the check
box (
;) beside the port x t it.
-2. Tag-bas
ame:
based Group Configuration
escription:
Tag-
Tag-base
<Edit> and <D
inputting a new
description:
o enable
Fig. 3-30
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a new Tag-based VLAN. Input the VLAN name as well as VID,
n and choose the member by ticking the
o., then, press the <Apply> button to have
aken effect.
Add Group:
Create
configure the SYM-VLAN functio
check box beside the port N
the setting t
Fig. 3-31
Delete Group:
Just press the <Delete> bu move the selected group entry from
the Tag-based group table.
tton to re
Fig. 3-32
Edit a group:
Just select a group entry and press the <Edit> button, then you can
modify a group’s description, SYM-VLAN and member set.
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3-10-3. Port-based Group
Function n
Port-
Function description:
It shows the information of the existed Port-based VLAN Groups. You can
easily create, edit and delete a Port-based VLAN group by pressing <Add>,
<Edit> and <Delete> function buttons. User can add a new VLAN group by
inputting a new VLAN name.
Parameter description:
VLAN Name:
The name defined by administrator is associated with a VLAN group.
Valid letters are A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “
- “ and “_” characters. The maximal
length is 15 characters.
Member:
This is used to enable or disable if a port is a member of the new added
VLAN, “Enable” means it is a member of the VLAN. Just tick the check
box (
;) beside the port x to enable it.
ame:
based Group Configuration
Fig. 3-33
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a new Port-based VLAN. Input the VLAN name and choose the
r by ticking the check box beside the port No., then, press the
ly> button to have the setting taken effect.
Add Group:
Create
membe
<App
Fig. 3-34
Delete Group:
Just press the <Delete> button to remove the selected group ent ry from
the Port-based group table.
Fig. 3-35
Edit a group:
Just select a group entry and press the <Edit> button, then you can
modify a group‘s description and member set.
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3-10 Rule
Function n
Tag
Function d
In VL
of VI
to ea ngress filtering rules which can be applied to the
Ingress Filtering Rule 1 is “forward only packets with VID matching
onfigured VID”. The Ingress Filtering Rule 2 is “drop untagged
fram Hybrid.
arameter description:
Port 1-16:
Port number.
PVID:
This PVID range will be 1-4094. Before you set a number x as PVID, you
have to create a Tag-based VLAN with VID x. For example, if port x
receives an untagged packet, the switch will apply the PVID (assume as
VID y) of port x to tag this packet, the packet then will be forwarded as
the tagged packet with VID y.
Rule 1:
Forward only packets with VID matching this port’s configured VID. You
can apply Rule 1 as a way to a given port to filter unwanted traffic. In
Rule 1, a given port checks if the given port is a member of the VLAN on
which the received packet belongs to, to determine forward it or not. For
example, if port 1 receives a tagged packet with VID=100 (VLAN
name=VLAN100), and if R abled, the switch will check if port 1
is a member of VLAN100. If yes, the received packet is forwarded;
otherwise, the received packet is dropped.
Rule 2:
Drop untagged frame. You can configure a given port to accept all frames
(Tagged and Untagged) or just receive tagged frame. If the former is the
case, then the packets with tagged or untagged will be processed. If the
later is the case, only the packets carrying VLAN tag will be processed,
the rest packets will be discarded.
Note: If Rule 1 is enabled and port 1, for example, receives an untagged packet,
the switch will apply the PVID of port 1 to tag this packet, the packet then will
be forwarded. But if the PVID of port 1 is 100 and port 1 is not member of
VLAN 100, the packet will be dropped.
-4. Tag
ame:
Rule
escription:
AN Tag Rule Setting, user can input VID number to each port. The range
D number is from 1 to 4094. User also can choose ingress filtering rules
ch port. There are two i
switch. The
this port’s c
e”. You can also select the Role of each port as Access, Trunk, or
P
ule 1 is en
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r. If
ts have double VLAN tags, one will be dropped and the other will
t. As to Hybrid, it is similar to Trunk, and both of them will tag-
is set to Hybrid, its packets will be untagged out if the
utgoing packets with tag is the same as the one in the field of
0~4094. It works only when Role is set to Hybrid.
Role:
This is an egress rule of the port. Here you can choose Access, Trunk or
Hybrid. Trunk means the outgoing packets must carry VLAN tag header.
Access means the outgoing packets carry no VLAN tag heade
packe
still be lef
out. When the port
VID of the o
Untag VID of this port.
Untag VID:
Valid range is
Fig. 3-36
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3-11 MAC Table
Table Configuration gathers many functions, including MAC Table
Information, MAC C Alias,
which can e described below.
Func me:
MAC
Func n:
Disp d
port.
arameter description:
Port:
Select the port you would like to inquire.
Search:
Set up the MAC entry you would like to inquire.
The default is ??-??-??-??-??-??
MAC:
Display the MAC address of one entry you selected from the searched
MAC entries table.
Alias:
Set up the Alias for the selected MAC entry.
Set Alias:
Save the Alias of MAC entry you set up.
Search:
Find the entry that meets your setup.
Previous Page:
Move to the previous page.
Next Page:
Move to the next page.
Alias:
The Alias of t he searched entry.
MAC Address:
The MAC address of the searched entry.
.
MAC
Table Maintenance, Static Forward, Static Filter and MA
not be categorized to some function type. They ar
tion na
Table Information
tion Descriptio
lay the static or dynamic learning MAC entry and the state for the selecte
P
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t exists in the searched MAC Entry.
the method that this MAC Entry is built. It may show “Dynamic
tic MAC”.
Port:
The port tha
VID:
VLAN Group that MAC Entry exists.
State:
Display
MAC” or “Sta
Fig. 3-37
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nce
the setup of this time will have no effect on static MAC
Para
will not affect static MAC address. Range of MAC Address Aging
535 seconds. The default Aging Time is 300 seconds.
Function Name:
MAC Table Maintena
Function Description:
This function can allow the user to set up the processing mechanism of MAC
Table. An idle MAC address exceeding MAC Address Age-out Time will be
removed from the MAC Table. The range of Age-out Time is 10-65535
seconds, and
addresses.
meter description:
Aging Time:
Delete a MAC address idling for a period of time from the MAC Table,
which
Time is 10-65
Flush:
Remove all entries that do not belong to the static Mac Entry from the
MAC Table.
Fig. 3-38
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rd
ss is assigned to a specific port, all of the swit
ddress will be forwarded to this port.
ding a MAC address entry in the allowed table, you just need to fill in
four paramet
exist
remo
Parameter desc
MAC:
arated by hyphens. For example,
Port No:
Port number of the switch. It is 1 ~16.
VID:
VLAN identifier. This will be filled only when tagged VLAN is applied.
Valid range is 1 ~ 4094.
Alias:
MAC alias name you assign.
Function Name:
Static Forwa
Function Description:
Static Forward is a function that allows the user in the static forward table to
access a specified port of the switch. Static Forward table associated with a
specified port of a switch is set up by manually inputting MAC address and its
alias name.
ch’s traffics When a MAC addre
sent to this MAC a
For ad
ers: MAC address, associated port, VID and Alias. Just select the
ed MAC address entry you want and click <Delete> button, you also can
ve it.
ription:
It is a six-byte long Ethernet hardware address and usually expressed by
hex and sep
00 – 40 - C7 - D6 – 00 - 01
Fig. 3-39
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Para
ifier. This will be filled only when tagged VLAN is applied.
Function name:
Static Filter
Function Description:
Static Filter is a function that denies the packet forwarding if the packet’s MAC
Address is listed in the filtering Static Filter table. User can very easily
maintain the table by filling in MAC Address, VID (VLAN ID) and Alias fields
individually. User also can delete the existed entry by clicking <Delete> button.
meter description:
MAC:
It is a six-byte long Ethernet hardware address and usually expressed by
hex and separated by hyphens. For example,
00 – 40 - C7 - D6 – 00 - 02
VID:
VLAN ident
Valid range is 1 ~ 4094.
Alias:
MAC alias name you assign.
Fig. 3-40
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Function d
MAC address a plain English
name. Thi will help you tell which MAC address belongs to which user in the
illegal acc , it shows all pairs of the existed alias
nd MAC address.
Ther ction folder, includin g MAC Alias
Add, lias Delete. You can click <Create/Edit>
e must be composed
of A-Z, a-z and 0-9 only and has a maximal length of 15 characters.
Function name:
MAC Alias Create/Edit or Delete
Function description:
In the MAC Alias function, MAC Alias Add/Edit function is used to let you add
or modify an association between MAC address and a plain English name.
User can click <Create/Edit> button to add a new record with name.
As to MAC Alias Delete function is used to let you remove an alias name to a
MAC address. You can select an existed MAC address or alias name to
remove.
Function name:
MAC Alias
escription:
Alias function is used to let you assign MAC
s
ess report. At the initial time
name a
e are three MAC alias functions in this fun
MAC Alias Edit and MAC A
button to add/modify a new or an existed alias name for a specified MAC
address, or mark an existed entry to delete it. Alias nam
Fig. 3-41
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Note: If there are too ma
Parameter description:
MAC Address:
It is a six-byte long Ethernet hardware address and usually expressed by
hex and separated by hyphens. For example,
00 – 40 - C7 - D6 – 00 - 01
Alias:
MAC alias name you assign.
ny MAC addresses learned in the table, we recommend
you inputting the MAC address and alias name directly.
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application based on Generic Attribute Registration Protocol
(GAR ed to automatically and dynamically maintain the group
n of the VLANs. The GVRP offers the function providing the
VLAN re
Infor
datab
switc ons. With GID information and GIP, GVRP state machine
f Dynamic VLAN Registration Entries for each VLAN and
propagate these information to other GVRP-aware devices to setup and update
their , the set of VLANs associated with currently active
members, an
In G
including G
3-12. GVRP Configuration
GVRP is an
P), mainly us
membership informatio
gistration service through a GARP application. It makes use of GARP
mation Declaration (GID) to maintain the ports associated with their attribute
ase and GARP Information Propagation (GIP) to communicate among
hes and end stati
maintain the contents o
knowledge database
d through which ports these members can be reached.
VRP Configuration function folder, there are three functions supported,
VRP Config, GVRP Cou nter and GVRP Group explained below.
Fig. 3-42
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User Manual
Publication date: Sep. 2005
Revision V1.0
95
Function name:
GVRP Con
Function description:
In the function of GVRP Config, it is used to configure each port’s GVRP
operation which there are seven parameters needed to be configured
described below
Parameter descriptio
GVRP Sta
This funct u
can pull d hoose
“Enable” o n, click the <Apply> button, the system will
mediately.
Join
centisecond.
Leave Tim
Used to de
60 –300 ce
Leave All T
A time per
de-registe
be kept in
time.
Default Applican
The mode h ans the type of participant. There are two modes,
normal partici ant and non-participant, provided for the user’s choice.
Normal:
It is Normal Participant. In this mode, the switch participates
normally in GARP protocol exchanges. The default setting is
Normal.
Non-Participant:
It is Non-Participant. In this mode, the switch does not send or
reply any GARP messages. It just listens messages and
reacts for the received GVRP BPDU.
Default Registrar Mode:
The mode here means the type of Registrar. There are three types of
parameters for registrar administrative control value, normal registrar,
fixed registrar and forbidden registrar, provided for the user’s choice.
fig
mode, in
.
n:
te Setting:
ion is simply to let you enable or disable GVRP function. Yo
own the list and click the <Downward> arrow key to c
r “Disable”. The
take effect im
Time:
Used to declare the Join Time in unit of centisecond. Valid time range:
20 –100 centisecond, Default: 20
e:
clare the Leave Time in unit of centisecond. Valid time range:
ntisecond, Default: 60 centisecond.
ime:
iod for announcement that all registered device is going to be
red. If someone still issues a new join, then a registration will
the switch. Valid range: 1000-5000 unit time, Default: 1000 unit
t Mode:
ere me
p
Page 100
User Manual
Publication date: Sep. 2005
Revision V1.0
96
mal:
It is Normal Registration. The Registrar responds normally to
ng GARP messages. The default setting is Normal.
messages, and all members remain in the registered (IN)
state.
Forbidden:
It is Registration Forbidden. The Registrar igno res all GARP
ssages, and all members remain in the unregistered
ate.
ode:
c VLAN be created when this port
d enable,
hoice.
mode, the switch dynamic VLAN will be created when
RP PDU. The default setting is Normal.
ch does not create dynamic VLAN when
GVRP PDU. Except received dynamic
PDU is an existed static VLAN in
N
ally.
Nor
incomi
Fixed:
It is Registration Fixed. The Registrar ignores all GARP
me
(EMPTY) st
Restricted M
This function is used to restrict dynami
received GVRP PDU. There are two modes, disable an
provided for the user’s c
Disabled:
In this
this port received GV
Enabled:
In this mode, the swit
this port received
VLAN message of the GVRP
the switch, this port will be added into the static VLA
members dynamic
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