Furuno CSH-84, CSH-83 User Manual
COLOR SCANNING SONAR
MODEL
CSH-83/84
9-52 Ashihara-cho,9-52 Ashihara-cho,
A
A
*00080806600**00080806600*
*00080806600**00080806600*
*OME13090F00**OME13090F00*
Nishinomiya, JapanNishinomiya, Japan
Telephone :Telephone : 0798-65-21110798-65-2111
Telefax :Telefax : 0798-65-42000798-65-4200
Your Local Agent/DealerYour Local Agent/Dealer
ll rights reserved.
ll rights reserved.
PUB.No.PUB.No. OME-13090OME-13090
(( DAMIDAMI ))
CSH-83/84CSH-83/84
Printed in JapanPrinted in Japan
FIRST EDITION :FIRST EDITION : NOV.NOV. 19971997
F :F : APR.APR. 05,200205,2002
* 0 0 0 8 0 8 0 6 6 0 0 ** 0 0 0 8 0 8 0 6 6 0 0 *
*OME13090F00**OME13090F00*
* O M E 1 3 0 9 0 F 0 0 ** O M E 1 3 0 9 0 F 0 0 *
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
WARNING
Do not open the equipment.
Hazardous voltage which can
cause electrical shock exists
inside the equipment. Only
qualified personnel should
work inside the equipment.
Immediately turn off the power at the
switchboard if water leaks into the
equipment or something is dropped in
the equipment.
Continued use of the equipment can cause
fire or electrical shock. Contact a FURUNO
agent for service.
Do not disassemble or modify the
equipment.
Fire, electrical shock or serious injury can
result.
WARNING
Keep heater away from equipment.
A heater can melt the equipment’s power
cord, which can cause fire or electrical
shock.
Use the proper fuse.
Fuse rating is shown on the equipment.
Use of a wrong fuse can result in equipment
damage.
Do not operate the equipment with wet
hands.
Electrical shock can result.
Do not place liquid-filled containers on
the top of the equipment.
Fire or electrical shock can result if a liquid
spills into the equipment.
Immediately turn off the power at the
switchboard if the equipment is emitting
smoke or fire.
Continued use of the equipment can cause
fire or electrical shock. Contact a FURUNO
agent for service.
Make sure no rain or water splash leaks
into the equipment.
Fire or electrical shock can result if water
leaks in the equipment.
iiiiiiiiiiiii
i
CAUTION
Do not exceed 18 knots when operating
the equipment and do not exceed 16
knots when lowering or raising the
transducer.
The transducer may become damaged.
The zinc block attached near the
transducer must be replaced yearly.
The junction between the transducer and
main shaft may corrode, which can result
in loss of the transducer or water leakage
inside the ship.
Do not use the equipment for other than
its intended purpose.
Use of the equipment as a stepping stool,
for example, may result in personal injury
or equipment damage.
Replace the monitor when the picture
becomes difficult to see.
The average life of the monitor is about
10 years. Replace it when the picture becomes difficult to see, to protect vision.
A warning label is attached to the equipment. Do not remove the label. If the
label becomes soiled or illegible, contact
a FURUNO agent or dealer.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD
A Word to CSH-83/84 Owners ...............................................................................................vii
Features...................................................................................................................................vii
System Configuration ............................................................................................................viii
CONTROL DESCRIPTION
Control Layout on Display Unit and Remote Control Box ...................................................1-1
Main Panel.............................................................................................................................1-2
Sub Panel 1 ............................................................................................................................1-4
Sub Panel 2 (data setting window) ........................................................................................1-5
Remote Control Box..............................................................................................................1-8
OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
Turning the Power On/Off .....................................................................................................2-1
Adjusting Screen Brilliance, Control Panel Backlighting .....................................................2-1
Lowering the Transducer.......................................................................................................2-1
Selecting a Display Mode......................................................................................................2-2
Selecting a Display Range.....................................................................................................2-3
Setting the Tilt Angle.............................................................................................................2-3
Adjusting the Gain.................................................................................................................2-7
Measuring Range and Bearing to a Target.............................................................................2-7
FINE TUNING THE PICTURE
Eliminating Unwanted Feeble Echoes...................................................................................3-1
Suppressing Seabed Tail ........................................................................................................3-3
Suppressing Seabed and Sea Surface Reflections in Shallow Waters ...................................3-4
Rejecting Sonar Interference and Noise ................................................................................3-4
Adjusting Beamwidth ............................................................................................................3-6
MARKS AND DA T A
Marks, Data and Display Mode.............................................................................................4-1
Permanently Displayed Marks and Data ...............................................................................4-3
Erasable Marks and Data .......................................................................................................4-4
MENU OVERVIEW
USER Menu Operation..........................................................................................................5-1
USER Menu Description .......................................................................................................5-3
SYSTEM Menu Description .................................................................................................5-5
DATA SET Menu Description ...............................................................................................5-8
INIT SET/TEST Menu Description.....................................................................................5-11
iii
FUNCTION KEYS
Programming the Function Keys ...........................................................................................6-1
Replaying a Function Key .....................................................................................................6-2
Function Key Fine Tuning.....................................................................................................6-2
Saving Function Key Settings to a Memory Card .................................................................6-3
Replaying Function Key Settings from a Memory Card .......................................................6-3
ADVANCED LEVEL OPERATION
Finding Fish School Center ...................................................................................................7-1
Tracking a Fish School (target lock)......................................................................................7-2
Detecting Fish Schools Aurally .............................................................................................7-7
The Fish Alarm......................................................................................................................7-8
Relocating Fish School for Easy Observation .......................................................................7-9
Comparing of Fish School Concentration ...........................................................................7-10
Measuring Fish School Speed .............................................................................................7-11
The Event Mark...................................................................................................................7-12
True Motion Display............................................................................................................7-14
Plotting Net Location Mark .................................................................................................7-15
Observing Net Behavior ......................................................................................................7-16
Target Slice Display.............................................................................................................7-17
PORT/STARBOARD, HORIZONTAL SLICE DISPLAYS
Port/Starboard Display ..........................................................................................................8-1
Horizontal Slice Display........................................................................................................8-2
MEMORY CARD OPERATIONS
Initializing Memory Cards.....................................................................................................9-1
Saving the Picture..................................................................................................................9-2
Transferring Echo Data from Internal Memory to Memory Card.........................................9-2
Saving Net Shooting Data .....................................................................................................9-3
Replaying Saved Data ...........................................................................................................9-4
Deleting Memory Card Contents...........................................................................................9-4
TURNING MARKS, DATA ON/OFF ..................................................................10-1
INTERPRETING THE DISPLAY
Seabed Echoes .....................................................................................................................11-1
Fish Schools.........................................................................................................................11-2
Sea Surface Reflections .......................................................................................................11-3
Wake ....................................................................................................................................11-3
False Echo by Sidelobe........................................................................................................11-4
Noise and Interference.........................................................................................................11-4
iv
WARNINGS
Overvoltage Warning ...........................................................................................................12-1
Unretracted Transducer W arning.........................................................................................12-1
SELF TESTS
Opening the Self Test Menu ................................................................................................13-1
Self Test Description............................................................................................................13-2
Interface Unit CS-120A Self Test ........................................................................................13-5
INPUT DATA SELECTION
Selection of Data at Interface Unit CS-120A ......................................................................14-1
Setting Distances Between Net Sonde Transmitters............................................................14-2
MAINTENANCE
Display Unit Maintenance ...................................................................................................15-1
Hull Unit Maintenance ........................................................................................................15-2
MENU TREE..................................................................................................................A-1
SPECIFICATIONS..................................................................................................... SP-1
INDEX.............................................................................................................................. IN-1
v
This page is intentionally left blank .
FOREWORD
A W ord to CSH-83/84 Owners
Congratulations on your choice of the FURUNO CSH-83/84 Color Scanning Sonar . W e are
confident you will see why the FURUNO name has become synonymous with quality and
reliability.
For over 40 years FURUNO Electric Company has enjoyed an enviable reputation for quality marine electronics equipment. This dedication to excellence is furthered by our extensive global network of agents and dealers.
This equipment is designed and constructed to meet the rigorous demands of the marine
environment. However, no machine can perform its intended function unless operated and
maintained properly . Please carefully read and follow the recommended procedures for operation and maintenance.
We would appreciate hearing from you, the end-user, about whether we are achieving our
purposes.
Thank you for considering and purchasing FURUNO equipment.
Features
The FURUNO CSH-83/84 Color Scanning Sonar is a full-circle, multibeam electronic scanning sonar which detects and instantaneously displays fish schools and underwater conditions in 16 colors on a 15/21" non-glare, high resolution CRT screen.
The main features of the CSH-83/84 are
• Vivid 16-color display provides intuitive recognition of seabed and concentration, distribution and volume of fish schools.
• Markers and indications keep the operator abreast of fishing conditions.
• Remote control box provides for armchair control of major functions.
• New gain, range or tilt setting appears in large characters whenever corresponding control is adjusted.
• Function keys automatically setup the equipment to perform specific task.
• High power MOS FET transmitter ensures reliable operation under any condition.
• Automatic screen degaussing.
vii
System Configuration
STANDARD OPTION
REMOTE CONTROL BOX
CSH-116
SHIP’S MAINS
100 VAC, 1φ,
50/60 Hz
TRANSMITTER UNIT
CSH-810
DISPLAY UNIT
CSH-230 (CSH-83)
CSH-2400 (CSH-84)
INTERFACE UNIT
CS-120A
REMOTE DISPLAY *
CSH-106
110/115/220/230 VAC,
1φ, 50/60 Hz
SUB DISPLAY *
CSH-236
STEP-DOWN
TRANSFORMER
PT-400
: CSH-83
only
SHIP’S MAINS
100 VAC, 1φ,
50/60 Hz
POWER
SUPPLY UNIT
CSH-880
SHIP’S MAINS
100/110/220 VAC, 1φ,
50/60 Hz
RECEIVER UNIT
CSH-820
HULL UNIT
CSH-81080 (800 mm stroke)
CSH-81120 (1200 mm stroke)
SPEED LOG
AD CONVERTER
NAVIGATOR
CURRENT INDICATOR
COLOR VIDEO SOUNDER
VI-1100A
INTERFACE UNIT
ECHO SOUNDER, COLOR
VIDEO SOUNDER
NET SONDE
FNZ JOINT BOX
CS-170
viii
CONTROL DESCRIPTION
Control Layout on Display Unit and Remote Control Box
POWER TRANSDUCER
OFF ON
SUB PANEL 1
DISP SELECT
1
EVENT
TGT LOCK
ESTIMATE
NET COURSE
1
FISH
1
234
2
d
OFFCENT
FUNCTION
PUSH-OPEN
SUB PANEL 2
DATA
3
TX
dc
5
F1 F2 F3
NORM E/S HIST RECALL MEMO
-
TARGET
SLICE
SHOOT R/B
NET
COURSE
EVENT1 EVENT2
ESTI-
MATE1
FISH
-
-
+
RANGE GAIN
VERT
SCAN
TILT
SCAN DEPTH
TARGET
LOCK
DIM CONT BRILL AUDIO
ESTI-
MATE2
OFFCENT
+
+
AUTO
TILT
WIDTH
MAIN PANEL
REMOTE CONTROL BOX
+
–
RANGE
AUTO
TRAIN
GAIN
MEMO
SHOOT
+
–
AUTO
VERT
SCAN
TGT
SLICE
RECALL
TILT
SCAN DEPTH
Figure 1-1 Display unit and
remote control box
1-1
Main Panel
POWER TRANSDUCER
OFF ON
F1 F2 F3
NORM E/S HIST RECALL MEMO
-
+
RANGE GAIN
TARGET
SLICE
SHOOT R/B
NET
COURSE
EVENT1 EVENT2
ESTI-
MATE1
FISH
VERT
SCAN
TARGET
LOCK
ESTI-
MATE2
OFF-
CENT
DIM CONT BRILL AUDIO
-
-
TILT
SCAN DEPTH
+
AUTO
TILT
WIDTH
+
1-2
Figure 1-2 Main panel
Main panel control description
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1-3
Sub Panel 1
POWER
OFF
ON
CARD
REPLAY
TRANSDUCER
COLOR
NET
REPLAY
F4
RECALL
Figure 1-3 Sub panel 1
Sub panel 1 control description
MENU
END
HELP
TX
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1-4
Sub Panel 2 (data setting window)
ITEM
(TVG•TX selected)
This example shows settings
of TVG and TX.
SONR•BEAM
OPER
P-SET
(TOGGLE)
TVG•TX
SIGNAL
ES
DELETE MK
AUTO
ALM•AUDIO
g
h
CURRENT SETTINGS for item selected (TVG•TX)
NEAR7MEDIUM
+ + + + + +
– – – – – –
Item selection keys
Select item.
TVG TX
8
FAR
9
Setting change keys
Change control setting.
CYCLE
7
PL
8
OUTPUT
9
OPER P-SET key
Opens/closes data setting window.
Figure 1-4 Sub panel 2
Sub panel 2 control description
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1-6
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1-7
Remote Control Box
elects which display unit to
ontrol in multiple display unit
stallation.
ises/lowers the transducer.
: Raises transducer.
: Mid protrusion
: Full protrusion
Press to enter mark
shown on key or shift
screen center.
Selects display range.
Adjusts receiver sensitivity.
Not used.
1
➡
EVENT
ESTIMATE
1
FISH
1
+
–
RANGE
DISP SELECT
FUNCTION
+
3
➡
SHOOT
2
➡
TGT LOCK
NET COURSE
OFFCENT
234
–
GAIN
AUTO
TRAIN
TGT
SLICE
AUTO
VERT
SCAN
DATA
TX
5
MEMO
RECALL
TILT
SCAN DEPTH
Each press displays water
temperature or depth at screen
center for about five seconds.
Turns on transmitter.
Shifts trackball mark.
1-3: Same as 1-3 on main panel.
4-5: Same as - and + on main panel.
Displays the net shooting mark.
Saves picture to memory card.
Present a four (or five) angle view of
echo inside estimate mark. Light switch
to start.
Replays a stored picture.
Automatically tillts sounding
beam in 2° steps within tilt
angle selected by the WIDTH key.
Varies the tilt angle of the
sounding beam between -5°
and 60°.
Not used.
1-8
Figure 1-5 Remote control box
OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
CAUTION
Do not exceed speed noted in the specifications when operating the equipment
or lowering or raising the transducer.
The transducer may become damaged.
Do not press the c switch during
lowering of the transducer, and do not
press the
d or d switch during raising
of the transducer.
The equipment may become damaged.
Turning the Power On/Off
Turning the power on
Press the ON switch on the main panel. The lamp above the
switch should light. If it doesn’t press the TX switch on sub
panel 1.
Turning the power off
Retract the transducer with the c switch and then press the OFF
switch on the main panel.
Note: The transducer is automatically retracted into the tank even
if the OFF switch is pressed before retracting the transducer.
However, make it a habit to retract the transducer before turning
off the power.
Adjusting Screen Brilliance, Control Panel Backlighting
The BRILL control adjusts screen brilliance, and the DIM control adjusts control panel backlighting. These controls are on the
lower part of the main panel.
Lowering the Transducer
Press d or d switch. The lamp above the
switch blinks during lowering of the transducer and lights when the transducer is completely lowered. In normal use fully lower
the transducer. The transducer extends
*1200 mm below the ship’s hull, providing
stable and cavitation-free soundings. If the
transducer may become entangled in the net,
after shooting the net, for example, partially
raise the transducer with the
raises the transducer by 400 mm (transducer
extends *800 mm from ship’s hull).
d switch. This
*Hull unit with 800mm (full) and 600mm
(mid) protrusions are also available.
2-1
Selecting a Display Mode
The CSH-83/84 provides three display modes: normal sonar picture, echo sounder(E/S) combination, and history display combination. Those modes may be selected with the NORM, E/S
and HIST keys.
Table 2-1 Display mode description
Mode Description
The sonar picture appears over the entire screen.
This mode is useful for detecting and tracking fish
schools.
The default display area is 1.3 times
the range, but it can be changed to
1.6 times the range on "EXT KP/TM
DSP" in the SYSTEM menu.
Navigation information can be
displayed in the text window at
the screen bottom by turning on
NORMAL
"DATA DISPLAY" in the USER
menu.
Text window
E/S
Normal scanning picture appears on the upper 5/8
of the screen and the signal fed from the echo
sounder on the lower 3/8. This mode is suitable for
judging fish school concentration.
When two echo sounders are connected, each
pressing of the E/S key alternately selects echo
sounder 1 or echo sounder 2.
Note that a net recorder can be connected as echo
sounder 2; select it on the "ES" sub menu in the
INIT SET/TEST menu.
Normal scanning sonar picture appears on the upper
5/8 of the screen and the history display on the
lower 3/8. Three types of history displays are
available: Audio, Port/Starboard and Horizontal
Slice. You can select which one to display on the
USER menu.
2-2
HISTORY
Selecting a Display Range
Operate the RANGE control to select a display range. The range
selected appears at the top of the screen.
Setting the T ilt Angle
The tilt angle shows the direction to which the sound wave is
emitted. When the sound wave is emitted horizontally, the tilt
angle is said to be zero degrees and when emitted vertically, 90
degrees.
T o set a tilt angle, operate the TIL T lever . W atch
the tilt angle indication at the top right corner
R400
T 15
Tilt
angle
on the screen. The tilt angle can be set in onedegree steps from -5 (upward) to 60° (downward) degrees.
Finding a proper tilt angle is important when searching for fish.
Seabed echo and tilt angle
Case 1: Tilt angle 30 to 40 degrees
This tilt angle will display the entire seabed since it is captured
by the full width of the beam.
Case 2: Tilt angle 10 to 20 degrees
This tilt angle will only display half the seabed since it is only
captured by the lower half of the beam.
Case 3: Tilt angle 0 to 10 degrees
This tilt angle may or may not capture the seabed since the re-
turning echo is weak.
2-3
How to discriminate fish echoes from the seabed
The figure below illustrates how two fish schools a and b are
displayed on the screen using three different tilt angles.
Case 1: Tilt angle 30 to 40 degrees. Fish school is obscured by
the seabed.
Case 2: Tilt angle 10 to 20 degrees. Fish school is located above
the seabed (midwater).
Case 3: Tilt angle 0 to 10 degrees. Fish school is located close to
the seabed.
Case 1
Seabed
Case 2
Fish School a
Seabed
Case 1
Fish School a
Case 2
Figure 2-1 Fish echo and tilt angle
Case 3
Fish School a
b
Case 3
2-4
Points to consider
• Normally, a vertically distributed fish school is a better sonar
target than the seabed, because it reflects the transmitted pulse
back toward the transducer.
• In case 3, both fish schools a and b are presented. Gener-
ally speaking, however, midwater fish schools tend to be lar ger
than bottom fish schools and they are often displayed near the
seabed on the display.
• It is difficult to detect bottom fish when they are not distributed vertically.
Tilt angle for surface fish
Sound emitted from the sonar transducer forms a circle-shaped
beam with a width of approximately 12 degrees in the vertical
direction (vertical beam width). The tilt angle is indicated by the
angle between the center line of the beam and the horizontal
plane. Then, if the tilt angle is set to 0 degrees, the center line is
parallel with the sea surface and one half of the emitted sound
goes upward, toward the sea surface.
This causes one half of the emitted sound to be reflected toward
the transducer and displayed on the screen as sea surface reflections. When the sea is calm, since the sound is reflected just like
a light hitting a mirror at a narrow incident angle, it propagates
away and the sea surface reflections become negligible.
However if the sea is not calm enough, they will become dominant and interfere with observation of wanted echoes. To minimize these sea surface reflections and to search surface fish
schools effectively, the tilt angle is usually set between 5 and 6
degrees so the upper portion of the beam becomes almost parallel with the sea surface. When the sea is rough, it is often set to a
little larger angle.
Surface
Tilt angle 0°
Tilt angle 5-6°
12°
Surface
12°
Figure 2-2 Tilt angle and sea surface reflections
2-5
Suitable tilt angle
The figure below illustrates the relationship among tilt angle,
depth and detection range. Refer to it to find out the suitable tilt
angle for a given depth/detection range.
Tilt angle and beam coverage
20(40)
40(80)
60(120)
80(160)
100(200)
Depth (m)
200(400)
Vertical width of sonar beam
100 m100 m
12°
100
(200)
21 m
200
(400)
200 m
42 m
300
(600)
300 m
63 m
Range (m)
400
(800)
0°
5°
10°
15°
Figure 2-3 Tilt angle and beam coverage
2-6
Adjusting the Gain
The GAIN control adjusts receiver sensitivity (gain). Adjust it
so fish echoes are clearly displayed with minimal noise on the
screen. Too high a setting not only displays excess noise and
makes it difficult to discriminate wanted echoes but also causes
seabed echoes to be painted in strong colors, resulting in echoes
being masked by seabed reflections. Normally, set the control
somewhere between positions “3” and “5”.
Gain low
Gain proper
Figure 2-4 Gain settings and resulting picture
Measuring Range and Bearing to a Target
Operate the trackball to place the trackball mark on the target
you want to measure the range and bearing. The range and bearing appear at the upper left corner on the screen.
ª
ª
ª
B
Figure 2-5 Location of range and bearing indications
Gain high
Note: The bearing is shown in either 360° or 180° indication
relative to ship’s heading. In the latter case, bearing (“B”) is
indicated as follows:
B P ------- on the port side
B S ------- on the starboard side
2-7
2-8
FINE TUNING THE PICTURE
Eliminating Unwanted Feeble Echoes
Echoes from targets such as seabed and fish return to the transducer in order of distance to them, and when we compare their
intensities at the transducer face, those from nearer targets are
generally stronger when their reflecting properties are nearly
equal. The sonar operator will be quite inconvenienced if these
echoes are directly displayed on the screen, since he can not
judge the actual size of the target from the size of echoes displayed on the screen. T o overcome this inconvenience, the TVG
function is incorporated. It compensates for propagation loss of
sound in water; amplification of echoes on short range is suppressed and gradually increased as range increases so that similar targets are displayed in the similar intensities irrespective of
the ranges to them.
The CSH-83/84 has three TVG functions, NEAR, MEDIUM
and FAR, and they mainly compensate for propagation loss on
short, middle and long ranges respectively, centered at the ranges
shown below . The higher the TVG setting the greater the amplification of echoes.
Near
About 100 m
Med
About 400 m
Far
Figure 3-1 Principle of TVG
The TVG is also used to suppress unwanted echoes and noise
which appear in a certain range area on the screen such as sea
surface reflections and cruising noise. To set TVG properly, do
the following:
How to adjust TVG
1. Open sub panel 2.
2. Select TVG•TX.
3. Set TVG NEAR, MEDIUM and FAR to 5.
(These are the standard settings and you can maintain them
in most casees.)
3-1
4. When sea surface reflections or plankton layers disturb the
picture, decrease appropriate TVG option by one or two steps
by pressing – (minus) key.
5. Locate fish school on a long range setting (about 800 meters)
which is approaching own ship.
6. Adjust the tilt to keep the fish school in the center of the
sonar beam, namely, fish school is displayed in strongest
colors possible. Confirm that the fish echo is displayed in
the same color as it approaches. If the color suddenly changes
to weaker colors as the fish enters MEDIUM and NEAR areas, the TVG is improperly set. Adjust the TVG. If this again
produces sea surface reflections and noise try to remove them
with AGC and NL controls.
Note: If the above procedure does not produce satisfactory results, the TVG curve can be changed on the SYSTEM menu.
The 30 log is the normal setting. The 25 log setting is useful for
searching fish schools near shorelines or shallow waters.
Ask for FURUNO dealar for detail.
3-2
Suppressing Seabed Tail
AGC (data setting window: SIGNAL, SIGNAL
PROCESS)
The AGC functions to automatically reduce the receiver gain
only against strong echoes such as the seabed or a large fish
school. Since weak echoes remain unaffected, a small fish school
becomes easier to detect. Adjust it so that the AGC works only
on seabed reflections. Do not set it too high; weak echoes may
be missed.
Pulselength (data setting window: TVG•TX,PL)
The pulselength control determines the length of the transmission pulse emitted into the water. While a longer pulse is advantageous for long range sounding, it has the disadvantage of being
poor in discrimination of targets, that is, ability to separate several closely located targets. When searching bottom fish, therefore, it is useful to shorten the pulselength in order to separate
fish echoes from seabed reflections. Decrease the
PULSELENGTH setting to shorten the pulselength. For search
of surface and midwater fish in which seabed reflections are not
so strong, use the longest pulselength “9”.
2AGC (data setting window: SIGNAL, SIGNAL
PROCESS)
While it is ideal to suppress seabed echoes with the AGC control alone there are some fishing grounds where this is not possible. (The high power sonar has the advantage of long-range
detection but this can also be a disadvantage, since weaker echoes may be hidden in strong, unwanted echoes such as the seabed.)
If you cannot suppress seabed echoes or sea surface reflections
by the AGC control alone, use the 2AGC control. Normally a
setting of 0 or 1 is suitable. For especially strong echoes, use a
setting of 1 or 2.
0: 2AGC function is off.
1 to 4: Larger the number, the greater the effect of
2AGC.
3-3
Suppressing Seabed and Sea Surface Reflections in Shallow Waters
Data setting window: TVG•TX, OUTPUT
In shallow fishing grounds with hard or rocky bottom, seabed
reflections often interfere with wanted fish echoes and they can
not be eliminated sufficiently with the aforementioned TVG and
AGC controls, especially when the TILT is set to a larger angle
in order to track fish schools approaching within 400 m. In such
cases try to reduce the output power by adjusting the OUTPUT
control instead of turning down the gain. The picture becomes
clearer when output power is reduced rather than when the GAIN
is decreased as illustrated below .
WRONG
METHOD
CORRECT
METHOD
Fish echo
TVG and AGC
adjusted with
OUTPUT kept high
Reduce OUTPUT
with GAIN kept
constant
Fish echo
weakened
Fish echo
Figure 3-2 How to suppress seabed and sea surface reflections
in shallow waters
Rejecting Sonar Interference and Noise
While observing the sonar picture, you may encounter occasional
or intermittent noise and interference. These are mostly caused
by on-board electronic equipment, engine or propeller noise, or
electrical noise from other sonars being operated nearby.
Identifying noise source
T o eliminate noise effectively , you should first identify the noise
source as follows:
3-4
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