Furuno CSH-23F, CSH-24F User Manual

COLOR SCANNING SONAR

Back

MODEL

CSH-23F/24F

9-52 Ashihara-cho,9-52 Ashihara-cho,

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00080818601

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OME

13050

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13050

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**OME

13050

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**OME

13050

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Nishinomiya 662-8580, JAPANNishinomiya 662-8580, JAPAN

Telephone :Telephone : [phone]-65-2111
FaxFax 0798-65-42000798-65-4200

ll rights reserved.

ll rights reserved.

::

Printed in JapanPrinted in Japan

Pub. No.Pub. No. OME-13050OME-13050

Your Local Agent/Dealer Your Local Agent/Dealer

IRST EDITION :

IRST EDITION :NOVNOV.. 19971997

GG :: FEBFEB.. 24, 200524, 2005

Thepaperusedinthismanual
iselementalchlorinefree.

(( DAMIDAMI ))

CSH-23F/24FCSH-23F/24F

* 0 0 0 8 0 8 1 8 6 0 1 ** 0 0 0 8 0 8 1 8 6 0 1 *

* O M E 1 3 0 5 0 G 0 0 ** O M E 1 3 0 5 0 G 0 0 *

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

WARNING

Do not open the equipment.

Hazardous voltage which can
cause electrical shock exists
inside the equipment. Only
qualified personnel should
work inside the equipment.

Immediately turn off the power at the
switchboard if water leaks into the
equipment or something is dropped in
the equipment.

Continued use of the equipment can cause
fire or electrical shock. Contact a FURUNO
agent for service.

Do not disassemble or modify the
equipment.

Fire, electrical shock or serious injury can
result.

WARNING

Keep heater away from equipment.

A heater can melt the equipment's power
cord, which can cause fire or electrical
shock.

Use the proper fuse.

Fuse rating is shown on the equipment.
Use of a wrong fuse can result in equipment
damage.

Do not operate the equipment with wet
hands.

Electrical shock can result.

Do not place liquid-filled containers on
the top of the equipment.

Fire or electrical shock can result if a liquid
spills into the equipment.

Immediately turn off the power at the
switchboard if the equipment is emitting
smoke or fire.

Continued use of the equipment can cause
fire or electrical shock. Contact a FURUNO
agent for service.

Make sure no rain or water splash leaks
into the equipment.

Fire or electrical shock can result if water
leaks in the equipment.

i

CAUTION

Do not exceed 18 knots when operating
the equipment and do not exceed 16
knots when lowering or raising the
transducer.

The transducer may become damaged.

The zinc block attached near the
transducer must be replaced yearly.

The junction between the transducer and
main shaft may corrode, which can result
in loss of the transducer or water leakage
inside the ship.

Do not use the equipment for other than
its intended purpose.

Personal injury can result if the equipment
is used as a chair or stepping stool, for
example.

Do not place objects on the top of the
equipment.

The equipment can overheat or personal
injury can result if the object falls.

WARNING LABEL
Warning labels are attached to the equipments. Do not remove the lables. If the labels
are missing or damages, contact a FURUNO agent or dealer about replacement.

WARNING

To avoid electrical shock, do not
remove cover. No user-serviceable
parts inside.

TYPE： 86-003-1011-0
CODE No.： 100-236-230

DANGER

Electrical shock hazard.
Turn off power before
servicing.

TYPE： 03-160-1042-0
CODE No.： 100-302-750

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD

A Word to CSH-23F/24F Owners...........................................................................................................vii

Features ...............................................................................................................................................vii

System Configuration ...........................................................................................................................viii

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

Control Layout on Display Unit, Processor Unit and Remote Control Box ........................................... 1-1

Main Panel .......................................................................................................................................... 1-2

Sub Panel 1.......................................................................................................................................... 1-4

Sub Panel 2 (data setting window) ....................................................................................................... 1-5

Remote Control Box............................................................................................................................ 1-8

OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Turning the Power On/Off.................................................................................................................... 2-1

Adjusting Screen Brilliance, Control Panel Backlighting...................................................................... 2-1

Lowering the Transducer...................................................................................................................... 2-1

Selecting a Display Mode .................................................................................................................... 2-2

Selecting a Display Range.................................................................................................................... 2-3

Setting the Tilt A n gle........................................................................................................................... 2-3

Adjusting the Gain............................................................................................................................... 2-7

Measuring Range and Bearing to a Target ............................................................................................ 2-7

FINE TUNING THE PICTURE

Eliminating Unwanted Feeble Echoes.................................................................................................. 3-1

Suppressing Seabed Tail....................................................................................................................... 3-3

Suppressing Seabed and Sea Surface Reflections in Shallow Waters..................................................... 3-4

Rejecting Sonar Interference and Noise................................................................................................ 3-4

Adjusting Beamwidth .......................................................................................................................... 3-6

MARKS AND DAT A

Marks, Data and Display Mode............................................................................................................ 4-1

Permanently Displayed Marks and Data............................................................................................... 4-3

Erasable Marks and Data..................................................................................................................... 4-4

MENU OVERVIEW

USER Menu Operation........................................................................................................................ 5-1

USER Menu Description...................................................................................................................... 5-3

SYSTEM Menu Description................................................................................................................ 5-5

DATA SET Menu Description.............................................................................................................. 5-8

INIT SET/TEST Menu Description.....................................................................................................5-11

iii

v

FUNCTION KEYS

Programming the Function Keys...........................................................................................................6-1

Replaying a Function Key.....................................................................................................................6-2

Function Key Fine Tuning ....................................................................................................................6-2

Saving Function Key Settings to a Memory Card..................................................................................6-3

Replaying Function Key Settings from a Memory Card.........................................................................6-3

ADVANCED LEVEL OPERATION

Finding Fish School Center...................................................................................................................7-1

Tracking a Fish School (target lock)......................................................................................................7-2

Detecting Fish Schools Aurally.............................................................................................................7-7

The Fish Alarm.....................................................................................................................................7-8

Relocating Fish School for Easy Observation........................................................................................7-9

Comparing of Fish School Concentration............................................................................................7-10

Measuring Fish School Speed............................................................................................................. 7-11

The Event Mark..................................................................................................................................7-12

True Motion Display...........................................................................................................................7-14

Plotting Net Location Mark.................................................................................................................7-15

Observing Net Behavior......................................................................................................................7-16

Target Slice Display............................................................................................................................7-17

VERTICAL SCANNING DISPLAY

Using Vertical Scanning Display ...........................................................................................................8-1

Application to Bonito and Tuna Fishing................................................................................................8-2

PORT/STARBOARD, HORIZONTAL SLICE DISPLAYS

Port/Starboard display...........................................................................................................................9-1

Horizontal slice display.........................................................................................................................9-2

MEMORY CARD OPERATIONS

Initializing Memory Cards..................................................................................................................10-1

Saving the Picture...............................................................................................................................10-2

Transferring Echo Data from Internal Memory to Memory Card.........................................................10-2

Saving Net Shooting Data...................................................................................................................10-3

Replaying Saved Data.........................................................................................................................10-4

Deleting Memory Card Contents .........................................................................................................10-4

TURNING MARKS, DATA ON/OFF .................................................................11-1

INTE RPRETIN G THE DIS P LAY

Seabed Echoes....................................................................................................................................12-1

Fish Schools.......................................................................................................................................12-2

Sea Surface Reflections ......................................................................................................................12-3

Wake ..................................................................................................................................................12-3

False Echo by Sidelobe.......................................................................................................................12-4

Noise and Interference........................................................................................................................12-4

i

WARNINGS

Overvoltage Warning...........................................................................................................13-1

Unretracte d Tra ns d ucer W arning.......... .. ............ ... ............ ........... ... ........... ... ............ ..........13-1

SELF TESTS

Opening the Self Test Menu ................................................................................................ 14-1

Self Test Description............................................................................................................14-2

Interface Unit CS-120A Self Test........................................................................................14-5

INPUT DATA SELECTION

Selection of Data at Interface Unit CS-120A.......................................................................15-1

Setting Distances Between Net Sonde Transmitters............................................................15-2

MAINTENANCE

Display Unit Maintenance....................................................................................................16-1

Hull Unit Mainten a nc e.............. ............ ... ........... ... ............ ........... ... ........... ............ ... ..........16-2

Replacement of Fuse, Memory Card Battery....................................................................... 16-3

MENU TREE...... .......... .. .......... .......... ... .......... .......... .. .......... .......... ... .......... .. .... A-1

SPECIFICATIONS........................................................................................... SP-1

INDEX .............................................................................................................. IN-1

v

This page is intentionally left blank .

FOREWORD

A Word to CSH-23F/24F Owners

Congratulations on your choice of the FURUNO CSH-23F/24F Color Scanning Sonar.
W e are confident you will see why the FURUNO name has become synonymous with
quality and reliability.

For over 50 years FURUNO Electric Company has enjoyed an enviable reputation for
quality marine electronics equipment. This dedication to excellence is furthered by our
extensive global network of agents and dealers.

This equipment is des i gned and cons tructed to meet th e rigorous de mands of the
marine environment. However, no machine can perform its intended function unless
operated and maintained properly. Please carefully read and follow the recommended
procedures for operation and maintenance.

We would appreciate hearing from you, the end-user, about whether we are achieving
our purposes.

Thank you for considering and purchasing FURUNO equipment.

Features

The CSH-23F/24F is a full-circle, multibeam electronic color scanning sonar which
detects and di splays fish schools on a 15/21 inch no n-glare, high- resolution c o l o r CRT.
Also, the CSH-23F has two type s of models: a mo de l with displ ay unit and a mo de l with
processor unit and no monitor (monitor is supplied by user).

The main fe atures of the CSH-23F/24F are

• Vivid 16-color, echo strength dependent display for improved recognition of seabed,

fish school concentration, distribution and volume.

• Memory card for storage and replay of sonar picture (whole screen or echo inside

estimate mark), net s hooting data, sh ip’s track, tidal current data, etc.

• Function keys for customized operation.

• Menu-driven operation with help screen.

• Wide variety of display modes: normal sonar picture, echo sounder combination,

historical display combination, port/starboard display, horizontal slice, target slice,
and unique vertical scanning.

• Various marks and alphanumeric fishing information for intuitive operation.

• Remote control box for armchair control of major functions.

• High power MOS FET transmitter for reliable operation.

• Automatic screen de gausser

vii

System Configuration

STANDARD OPTION

REMOTE CONTROL BOX

CSH-116

SHIP'S MAINS
100 VAC, 1
50/60 Hz

SUPPLY UNIT

CSH-380B

φ

,

TRANSMITTER UNIT

CSH-310

POWER

DISPLAY UNIT

CSH-230F (CSH-23F)
CSH-2400F (CSH-24F)

or

RECEIVER UNIT CSH-220A

PROCESSOR UNIT

CSH-235F

INTERFACE UNIT

CS-120A

MONITOR (MU-151C)
or
COMMERCIAL MONITOR

110/115/220/230 VAC,
1

φ

, 50/60 Hz

VI-1100A

INTERFACE UNIT

SUB DISPLAY*

CSH-236

SPEED LOG
AD CONVERTER

NAVIGATOR
CURRENT INDICATOR
COLOR VIDEO SOUNDER

*: CSH-23F only

SHIP'S MAINS
100 VAC, 1
50/60 Hz

STEP-DOWN

TRANSFORMER

PT-400

φ

,

SHIP'S MAINS
100/110/220 VAC, 1
50/60 Hz

viii

ECHO SOUNDER, COLOR
VIDEO SOUNDER

FNZ JOINT BOX

CS-170

φ

,

HULL UNIT

CSH-21080 (800 mm stroke)
CSH-21120 (1200 mm stroke)
CSH-21160 (1600 mm stroke)

NET SONDE

CONTROL DESCRIPTION

Control Layout on Display Unit, Processor Unit and Remote Control Box

POWER TRANSDUCER

OFF ON

SUB PANEL 1

+-

POWER TRANSDUCER

OFF ON

+-

-

+

RANGE GAIN

VERT
SCAN

TILT

SCAN DEPTH

TARGET

LOCK

DIM CONT BRILL AUDIO

ESTI­MATE2

OFF­CENT

-

+

-

+

AUTO

TILT

WIDTH

*

PUSH-OPEN

-

-

+

RANGE GAIN

VERT
SCAN

TILT

SCAN DEPTH

TARGET

LOCK

DIM CONT BRILL AUDIO

ESTI­MATE2

OFF­CENT

-

+

WIDTH

F1 F2 F3

NORM E/S HIST RECALL MEMO

TARGET
SLICE

SHOOT R/B

NET

COURSE

EVENT1 EVENT2

ESTI-

MATE1

FISH

+

Same as Sub-panel
of the display unit

AUTO

TILT

MAIN PANEL

+-

+­+­+-

DISP

F1 F2 F3

NORM E/S HIST RECALL MEMO

TARGET
SLICE

SHOOT R/B

NET

COURSE

EVENT1 EVENT2

ESTI-

MATE1

FISH

SUB PANEL 2

*: The contrast and billiance

controls are disable. Adjust
them at a monitor.

Display unit Processor unit
(CSH-23F only)

DISP SELECT

1

EVENT

TGT LOCK

ESTIMATE

NET COURSE

1

FISH

1

234

+

-

RANGE

AUTO

TRAIN

2

OFF­CENT

FUNCTION

+

-

GAIN

AUTO

BOOST

3

SHOOT

SLICE

DATA

TX

5

MEMO

RECALL

TGT

TILT

SCAN DEPTH

Remote contr o l bo x

Figure 1- 1 Display unit, process o r unit and remote control box

1-1

Main Panel

POWER TRANSDUCER

OFF ON

F1 F2 F3

NORM E/S HIST RECALL MEMO

-

+

RANGE GAIN

TARGET
SLICE

SHOOT R/B

NET

COURSE

EVENT1 EVENT2

ESTI-

MATE1

FISH

VERT
SCAN

TARGET

LOCK

ESTI-

MATE2

OFF-

CENT

DIM CONT BRILL AUDIO

-

-

TILT

SCAN DEPTH

+

AUTO

TILT

WIDTH

+

1-2

Figure 1-2 Main panel
Main panel control description

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Control Function

NORM, E/S, HIST
(Mode keys)

RECALL, MEMO RECALL: Replays saved picture.

RANGE Selects a picture display range. Range selected appears on the display.
GAIN Adjusts receiver sensitivity.
TARGET SLICE Using automatic tilting, displays the echo inside the estimate mark at

VERT SCAN Turn vertical scan display on and off.
SHOOT Press when net is cast. The net shooting mark, *net sonde marks and

R/B Provides range and bearing data from own ship to a target. Select

Select display mode: NORM, normal sonar picture; E/S, Echo sounder
combination; HIST, Historical display.
Lamp above a key lights to show current selection.

MEMO: Saves picture to memory card or internal memory.

several different tilt angles.

*current mark appear at the own ship mark. The net shooting mark,
net sonde marks and current mark move on the *ship's track as the
ship moves. The lamp above the switch lights and time *distance run
appears on the display until the net shooting mark is turned off.

(* Requires external sensor.)

target with trackball and then press the R/B key. A line connects
between own ship mark and trackball mark to show bearing to target.

TILT Changes the tilt angle of the sounding beam between -5°and 60°.
AUTO TILT Automatically tilts the sounding beam up and down in 2° steps within

the tilt angle selected by the WIDTH key. The lamp above the key

lights when automatic tilt is on.
WIDTH Sets tilt width in automatic tilt.
NET COURSE Marks location of net.
TARGET LOCK Tracks a fish school.
EVENT Inscribe event mark on the display, to find horizontal, range, depth

and bearing to a target. Event key can be functioned as the SHOOT

key of the remote control box.
ESTIMATE 1, 2 Compare volume of two fish schools.
FISH Measures fish school speed.
OFF-CENT Relocates selected target. Lamp above key lights when off-center

function is on.
DIM Adjusts the backlighting of the control panels and the brightness of

the lamps above keys.
CONT Adjusts screen contrast.
BRILL Adjusts screen brilliance.
AUDIO Adjusts volume of built-in loudspeaker, which monitors a target

appearing along the bearing marker.
TRACKBALL Follows on-screen movement of the trackball mark, to enter marks

and off-center the screen.

1-3

Sub Panel 1

POWER TRANSDUCER

ONOFF

MENU

END

HELP

CARD

REPLAY

COLOR

NET

REPLAY

F4

RECALL

TX

F5F3F2F1

MEMOHISTE/SNORM

Figure 1-3 Sub panel 1
Sub panel 1 control description

Control Function

MENU Opens/closes the menu.
END • When the menu is displayed it terminates menu operation and

returns control to the sonar picture.

• When in a sub menu it returns control to previous sub menu.

HELP Provides operating information for current menu.

cd[ \

Select items on menus.

CARD REPLAY Replays card-stored control and menu settings.
COLOR Changes display color among four choices.
NET REPLAY Replays internally stored net shooting data. To replay, press key to

light lamp above it, select item to replay, and press the key again.

TX Press to transmit, when transducer is lowered. The lamp lights during

transmission.

1-4

Sub Panel 2 (data setting window)

This example shows settings
of TVG and TX.

(TVG

ITEM

Q

TX selected)

SONR Q BEAM

OPER
P-SET

(TOGGLE)

TVG Q TX

SIGNAL

ES

DELETE MK

AUTO

ALM Q AUDIO

CURRENT SETTINGS for item selected (TVG Q TX)

NEAR7MEDIUM

+ + + + + +

- - - - - -

Item selection keys
Select item.

TVG TX

8

FAR

9

Setting change keys
Change control setting.

CYCLE

7

PL

8

OUTPUT

9

Main

Item

TVG ● TX

OPER P-SET key
Opens/closes data setting window.

Figure 1-4 Sub panel 2

Note: The sub-panel 2 for the processor unit is arranged vertically.

Sub panel 2 control description

Item

Main Sub

NEAR 0-9

TVG

TRANSMIT

MEDIUM 0-9

FAR 0-9

CYCLE 0-9

PL 0-9

Setting

Range

Description

Adjusts receiver gain within
100 m.

Adjusts receiver gain between
100 m and 400 m.

Adjusts receiver gain beyond
400 m.

Sets Tx cycle. 9 is normal setting
(fastest). “0” synchronizes with
external KP.

Sets Tx pulselength. 9 is normal
setting.

Normal

Setting

5

5

5

9

9

(Continued on next page)

OUTPUT 0-9

Sets Tx output power. 9 is
maximum power.

9

1-5

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1-7

Remote Control Box

elects which display unit to

ontrol in multiple display unit

stallation.

ises/lowers the transducer.
: Raises transducer.
: Mid protrusion
: Full protrusion

Press to enter mark
shown on key or shift
screen center.

Selects display range.

Adjusts receiver sensitivity.

Not used.

1

➡

EVENT

ESTIMATE

1

FISH

1

+

–

RANGE

DISP SELECT

FUNCTION

+

3

➡

SHOOT

2

➡

TGT LOCK

NET COURSE

OFF­CENT

234

–

GAIN

AUTO

TRAIN

TGT
SLICE

AUTO

VERT
SCAN

DATA

TX

5

MEMO

RECALL

TILT

SCAN DEPTH

Each press displays water
temperature or depth at screen
center for about five seconds.

Turns on transmitter.

Shifts trackball mark.

1-3: Same as 1-3 on main panel.
4-5: Same as - and + on main panel.

Displays the net shooting mark.

Saves picture to memory card.

Present a four (or five) angle view of
echo inside estimate mark. Light switch
to start.

Replays a stored picture.

Automatically tillts sounding
beam in 2° steps within tilt
angle selected by the WIDTH key.

Varies the tilt angle of the
sounding beam between -5°
and 60°.

Not used.

1-8

Figure 1-5 Remote control box

OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW

Turning the Power On/Off

Turning the power on

Press the ON switch on the main panel. The lamp above the
switch should light. If it doesn’t press the TX switch on sub
panel 1.

Turning the power off

Retract the transducer with the c switch and then press the OFF
key on the main panel.

Note: The transducer is automatically retracted into the tank even
if the OFF switch is pressed before retracting the transducer.
However, make it a habit to retract the transducer before turning
off the power.

Adjusting Screen Brilliance, Control Panel Backlighting

The BRILL control adjusts screen brilliance, and the DIM con­trol adjusts control panel backlighting. These controls are on the
lower part of the main panel.

Lowering the Transducer

Press d or d switch. The lamp above the
switch blinks during lowering of the trans­ducer and lights when the transducer is
completely lowered. In normal use fully
lower the transducer. The transducer ex­tends *1200 mm below the ship’ s hull, pro­viding stable and cavitation-free soundings.
If the transducer may become entangled in
the net, after shooting the net, for example,
partially raise the transducer with the
switch. This raises the transducer by 400
mm (transducer extends *800 mm from
ship’s hull).

d

Do not exceed speed noted in the speci­fications when operating the equipment
or lowering or raising the transducer.

The transducer may become damaged.

Do not press the c switch during
lowering of the transducer, and do not
press the
of the transducer.

The equipment may become damaged.

CAUTION

d

or d switch during raising

*Hull unit with 1600 mm (full) and 1200
mm (mid) protrusions are also available.

2-1

Selecting a Display Mode

The CSH-23F/24F provides three display modes: normal sonar
picture, echo sounder (E/S) combination, and history display
combination. Those modes may be selected with the NORM, E/
S and HIST keys.

Table 2-1 Display mode description

Mode Description

The sonar picture appears over the entire screen.
This mode is useful for detecting and tracking fish
schools.
The default display area is 1.3 times
the range, but it can be changed to

1.6 times the range on "EXT KP/TM
DSP" in the SYSTEM menu.
Navigation information can be
displayed in the text window at
the screen bottom by turning on

NORMAL

"DATA DISPLAY" in the USER
menu.

Text window

E/S

Normal scanning picture appears on the upper 5/8
of the screen and the signal fed from the echo
sounder on the lower 3/8. This mode is suitable for
judging fish school concentration.
When two echo sounders are connected, each
pressing of the E/S key alternately selects echo
sounder 1 or echo sounder 2.
Note that a net recorder can be connected as echo
sounder 2; select it on the "ES" sub menu in the
INIT SET/TEST menu.

Normal scanning sonar picture appears on the upper
5/8 of the screen and the history display on the
lower 3/8. Three types of history displays are
available: Audio, Port/Starboard and Horizontal
Slice. You can select which one to display on the
USER menu.

2-2

HISTORY

Selecting a Display Range

Operate the RANGE control to select a display range. The range
selected appears at the top center of the screen.

Setting the T ilt Angle

The tilt angle shows the direction to which the sound wave is
emitted. When the sound wave is emitted horizontally, the tilt
angle is said to be zero degrees and when emitted vertically, 90
degrees.

To set a tilt angle, operate the TILT lever.
W atch the tilt angle indication at the top right

R400
T 15

Tilt
angle

corner on the screen. The tilt angle can be set
in one-degree steps from -5° (upward) to 60°
(downward) degrees.

Finding a proper tilt angle is important when searching for fish.

Seabed echo and tilt angle

Case 1: Tilt angle 30 to 40 degrees
This tilt angle will display the entire seabed since it is captured

by the full width of the beam.
Case 2: Tilt angle 10 to 20 degrees
This tilt angle will only display half the seabed since it is only

captured by the lower half of the beam.
Case 3: Tilt angle 0 to 10 degrees
This tilt angle may or may not capture the seabed since the re-

turning echo is weak.

2-3

How to discriminate fish echoes from the seabed

The figure below illustrates how two fish schools a and b are
displayed on the screen using three different tilt angles.

Case 1: Tilt angle 30 to 40 degrees. Fish school is obscured by
the seabed.

Case 2: Tilt angle 10 to 20 degrees. Fish school is located above
the seabed (midwater).

Case 3: Tilt angle 0 to 10 degrees. Fish school is located close to
the seabed.

Seabed

Case 1

Case 1 Case 2

Case 2

Fish school aFish school a

Seabed

Figure 2-1 Fish echo and tilt angle

Case 3

Fish school a

b

Case 3

}

Seabed

2-4

Points to consider

• Normally , a vertically distributed fish school is a better sonar
target than the seabed, because it reflects the transmitted pulse
back toward the transducer.

• In case 3, both fish schools a and b are presented. Gener­ally speaking, however, midwater fish schools tend to be lar ger
than bottom fish schools and they are often displayed near the
seabed on the display.

• It is difficult to detect bottom fish when they are not distrib­uted vertically.

Tilt angle for surface fish

Sound emitted from the sonar transducer forms a circle-shaped
beam with a width of approximately 12 degrees in the vertical
direction (vertical beam width). The tilt angle is indicated by the
angle between the center line of the beam and the horizontal
plane. Then, if the tilt angle is set to 0 degrees, the center line is
parallel with the sea surface and one half of the emitted sound
goes upward, toward the sea surface.

This causes one half of the emitted sound to be reflected toward
the transducer and displayed on the screen as sea surface reflec­tions. When the sea is calm, since the sound is reflected just like
a light hitting a mirror at a narrow incident angle, it propagates
away and the sea surface reflections become negligible.

However if the sea is not calm enough, they will become domi­nant and interfere with observation of wanted echoes. To mini­mize these sea surface reflections and to search surface fish
schools effectively, the tilt angle is usually set between 5 and 6
degrees so the upper portion of the beam becomes almost paral­lel with the sea surface. When the sea is rough, it is often set to a
little larger angle.

Surface

Tilt angle 0°

Tilt angle 5-6°

15°

Surface

15°

Figure 2-2 Tilt angle and sea surface reflections

2-5

Suitable tilt angle

The figure below illustrates the relationship among tilt angle,
depth and detection range. Refer to it to find out the suitable tilt
angle for a given depth/detection range.

Tilt angle and beam coverage

20(40)
40(80)

60(120)

80(160)

100(200)

Depth (m)

200(400)

Vertical width of sonar beam

100 m100 m

15°

100

(200)

26 m

200

(400)

200 m

52 m

300

(600)

300 m

78 m

Range (m)

400

(800)

0°

5°

10°

15°

Figure 2-3 Tilt angle and beam coverage

2-6

Adjusting the Gain

The GAIN control adjusts receiver sensitivity (gain). Adjust it
so fish echoes are clearly displayed with minimal noise on the
screen. Too high a setting not only displays excess noise and
makes it difficult to discriminate wanted echoes but also causes
seabed echoes to be painted in strong colors, resulting in echoes
being masked by seabed reflections. Normally, set the control
somewhere between positions “3” and “7”.

Gain low

Gain proper

Figure 2-4 Gain settings and resulting picture

Measuring Range and Bearing to a Target

Operate the trackball to place the trackball mark on the target
you want to measure the range and bearing. The range and bear­ing appear at the upper left corner on the screen.

ª

ª

ª

B

Figure 2-5 Location of range and bearing indications

Gain high

Note: The bearing is shown in either 360° or 180° indication
relative to ship’s heading. In the latter case, bearing (“B”) is
indicated as follows:

B P ------- on the port side
B S ------- on the starboard side

2-7

2-8

FINE TUNING THE PICTURE

Eliminating Unwanted Feeble Echoes

Echoes from targets such as seabed and fish return to the trans­ducer in order of distance to them, and when we compare their
intensities at the transducer face, those from nearer targets are
generally stronger when their reflecting properties are nearly
equal. The sonar operator will be quite inconvenienced if these
echoes are directly displayed on the screen, since he can not
judge the actual size of the target from the size of echoes dis­played on the screen. T o overcome this inconvenience, the TVG
function is incorporated. It compensates for propagation loss of
sound in water; amplification of echoes on short range is sup­pressed and gradually increased as range increases so that simi­lar targets are displayed in the similar intensities irrespective of
the ranges to them.

The CSH-23F/24F has three TVG functions, NEAR, MEDIUM
and FAR, and they mainly compensate for propagation loss on
short, middle and long ranges respectively, centered at the ranges
shown below . The higher the TVG setting the greater the ampli­fication of echoes.

Near

About 100 m

Med

About 400 m

Far

Figure 3-1 Principle of TVG

The TVG is also used to suppress unwanted echoes and noise
which appear in a certain range area on the screen such as sea
surface reflections and cruising noise. To set TVG properly, do
the following:

How to adjust TVG

1. Open sub panel 2.

2. Select TVG•TX.

3. Set TVG NEAR, MEDIUM and FAR to 5.
(These are the standard settings and you can maintain
them in most cases.)

3-1

4. When sea surface reflections or plankton layers disturb the
picture, decrease appropriate TVG option by one or two steps
by pressing – (minus) key.

5. When fish school is located on a long range setting (about
800 meters) which is approaching own ship.

Adjust the tilt to keep the fish school in the center of the
sonar beam, namely, fish school is displayed in strongest
colors possible. Confirm that the fish echo is displayed in
the same color as it approaches. If the color suddenly changes
to weaker colors as the fish enters MEDIUM and NEAR ar­eas, the TVG is improperly set. Adjust the TVG. If this again
produces sea surface reflections and noise try to remove them
with AGC and NL controls.

Note: If the above procedure does not produce satisfactory re­sults, the TVG curve can be changed on the SYSTEM menu.
The 30 log setting is normal. The 25 log setting is useful for
searching fish schools near shorelines or shallow waters. The 35
log or 40 log setting raises the gain on a long range and is suit­able for searching tuna, bonito, etc., which are usually searched
with high gain setting.Ask for FURUNO dealer for detail.

3-2

Suppressing Seabed Tail

AGC (data setting window: SIGNAL, SIGNAL
PROCESS)

The AGC functions to automatically reduce the receiver gain
only against strong echoes such as the seabed or a large fish
school. Since weak echoes remain unaffected, a small fish school
becomes easier to detect. Adjust it so that the AGC works only
on seabed reflections. Do not set it too high; weak echoes may
be missed.

Pulselength (data setting window: TVG•TX, PL)

The pulselength control determines the length of the transmis­sion pulse emitted into the water. While a longer pulse is advan­tageous for long range sounding, it has the disadvantage of being
poor in discrimination of targets, that is, ability to separate sev­eral closely located targets. When searching bottom fish, there­fore, it is useful to shorten the pulselength in order to separate
fish echoes from seabed reflections. Decrease the
PULSELENGTH setting to shorten the pulselength. For search
of surface and midwater fish in which seabed reflections are not
so strong, use the longest pulselength “9”.

2AGC (data setting window: SIGNAL, SIGNAL
PROCESS)

While it is ideal to suppress seabed echoes with the AGC con­trol alone there are some fishing grounds where this is not pos­sible. (The high power sonar has the advantage of long-range
detection but this can also be a disadvantage, since weaker ech­oes may be hidden in strong, unwanted echoes such as the sea­bed.)

If you cannot suppress seabed echoes or sea surface reflections
by the AGC control alone, use the 2AGC control. Normally a
setting of 2 or 3 is suitable. For especially strong echoes, use a
setting of 4 or 5.

AR, -4 to -1:Adjusts horizontal beamwidth.

2AGC function is fixed at “3”.
0: 2AGC function is off.
1 to 5: Larger the number, the greater the effect of

2AGC.

3-3

Suppressing Seabed and Sea Surface Reflections in Shallow Waters

Data setting window: TVG•TX, OUTPUT

In shallow fishing grounds with hard or rocky bottom, seabed
reflections often interfere with wanted fish echoes and they can
not be eliminated sufficiently with the aforementioned TVG and
AGC controls, especially when the TILT is set to a larger angle
in order to track fish schools approaching within 400 m. In such
cases try to reduce the output power by adjusting the OUTPUT
control instead of turning down the gain. The picture becomes
clearer when output power is reduced rather than when the GAIN
is decreased as illustrated below .

WRONG
METHOD

CORRECT
METHOD

Fish echo

TVG and AGC
adjusted with
OUTPUT kept high

Reduce OUTPUT
with GAIN kept
constant

Fish echo
weakened

Fish echo

Figure 3-2 How to suppress seabed and sea surface r eflections
in shallow waters

Rejecting Sonar Interference and Noise

While observing the sonar picture, you may encounter occasional
or intermittent noise and interference. These are mostly caused
by on-board electronic equipment, engine or propeller noise, or
electrical noise from other sonars being operated nearby.

Identifying noise source

T o eliminate noise effectively , you should first identify the noise
source as follows:

3-4