Fujitsu Siemens Computers LTO-4 User Manual

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User Guide

LTO-4 Half-Height SAS Tape Drive

English

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide, P/N 20020142-001, November 2007. Product of USA.

Quantum Corporation provides this publication “as is” without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Quantum Corporation may revise this publication from time to time without notice.

Your right to copy this manual is limited by copyright law. Making copies or adaptations without prior written authorization of Quantum Corporation is prohibited by law and constitutes a punishable violation of the law.

TRADEMARK STATEMENT

Quantum and the Quantum logo are registered trademarks of Quantum Corporation.

Other trademarks may be mentioned herein which belong to other companies.

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide iii

Contents

Preface viii

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

Overview............................................................................................................. 1

Drive Models ...................................................................................................... 2

Internal ......................................................................................................... 2

Tabletop........................................................................................................ 2

Features ............................................................................................................... 3

Chapter 2 Installation Procedures 5

Before Installing the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive .................................. 6

Handling Precautions and Installation Guidelines ............................... 6

Preinstallation Requirements....................................................................7

Unpacking and Inspecting the Drive...................................................... 7

Installing the Internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive................................. 8

Mounting the Internal Tape Drive ........................................................... 8

Connecting the Internal Drive Interface and DC Power Cables........ 10

Restarting the Internal Tape Drive System........................................... 11

IInstalling the LTO Driver Software .............................................................12

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Contents

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide iv

Chapter 3 Operation 13

Understanding the Front Panel Display....................................................... 13

Using LTO Tape Cartridges ........................................................................... 16

Loading a Tape Cartridge........................................................................ 16

Unloading a Tape Cartridge ...................................................................16

Write Protecting a Tape Cartridge ......................................................... 16

Tape Cartridge Care and Maintenance ................................................. 17

Cleaning the Tape Drive ................................................................................. 18

Performing an Emergency Cartridge Eject................................................... 20

Chapter 4 Theory 21

Track Layout..................................................................................................... 21

Recording Method ........................................................................................... 23

Data Buffer ........................................................................................................ 23

Data Integrity.................................................................................................... 23

Error-correction Code (ECC)...................................................................24

Servo-tracking Faults ............................................................................... 25

Data Compression............................................................................................ 25

Data Compression Considerations.........................................................26

Intelligent Data Compression ................................................................. 27

Chapter 5 Specifications 29

Physical Specifications .................................................................................... 30

Power Specifications........................................................................................ 32

Drive Performance Specifications.................................................................. 33

Environmental Requirements ........................................................................35

Injected Noise Specifications..........................................................................36

Reliability Specifications ................................................................................. 36

Mean Time Between Failures.................................................................. 37

Mean Time to Replace.............................................................................. 37

LTO Cartridge Specifications ......................................................................... 37

Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Guide 38

Installation Best Practices ............................................................................... 38

Following SAS Best Practices.................................................................. 38

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Contents

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide v

Using a Serial-attached SAS Host Bus Adapter ................................... 38

HBA Preinstallation Checks.................................................................... 39

Troubleshooting Suggestions......................................................................... 39

Computer Does Not Start ........................................................................ 39

Computer Hardware Does Not Recognize the Tape Drive................ 40

Computer Software Does Not Recognize the Tape Drive .................. 45

Drive Does Not Load the Tape Cartridge............................................. 46

Drive Does Not Eject the Tape Cartridge.............................................. 48

Slow Backup Operations ......................................................................... 50

Failed Operations TapeAlert Messages................................................. 50

Appendix A Installation Checklists 57

Internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive Quick Start ................................. 58

Tabletop LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive Quick Start ................................ 59

Appendix B Disposal of Electrical & Electronic Equipment 60

Appendix C Regulatory Compliances 61

Safety Compliances.......................................................................................... 62

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Compliances ................................. 63

Index 65

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide vi

Figures

Figure 1 Internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive ................................... 2

Figure 2 Acceptable Mounting Orientation ............................................. 9

Figure 3 Internal Tape Drive Mounting Holes ...................................... 10

Figure 4 Internal Drive Interface and Power Connectors .................... 10

Figure 5 Front Panel Display.................................................................... 14

Figure 6 Ultrium Tape Cartridge Write-Protect Switch....................... 17

Figure 7 Layout of the Tracks on LTO Ultrium Tapes ......................... 22

Figure 8 LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive Dimensions .......................... 31

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide vii

Tables

Table 1 Performance Features and Capabilities ....................................3

Table 2 Front Panel Display Indications............................................... 14

Table 3 Physical Specifications............................................................... 30

Table 4 Voltage and Current Specifications ......................................... 32

Table 5 Power Dissipation ......................................................................32

Table 6 Drive Performance Specifications............................................33

Table 7 Environmental Requirements................................................... 35

Table 8 Reliability Specifications ...........................................................36

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide viii

Preface

Audience

This guide is written for users of the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive.

Purpose

This guide provides information about the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive including:

• Installing the drive

• Basic drive operations

• Maintenance

• Specifications

• Troubleshooting

Document Organization

This guide is organized as follows:

• Chapter 1,

Introduction, provides an overview of LTO and

Ultrium technologies, and summarizes the drive’s key features.

• Chapter 2,

Installation Procedures, describes handling

precautions, unpacking tips, and installation instructions.

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Preface

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide ix

• Chapter 3, Operation, describes the operation and maintenance of the drive.

• Chapter 4,

Theory, describes the theory of operation behind the drive,

including the technology used in various drive components.

• Chapter 5,

Specifications, provides drive and cartridge specifications.

• Chapter 6,

Troubleshooting Guide provides troubleshooting

procedures you can follow if you encounter a problem with your drive.

• Appendix A,

Installation Checklists, provides abbreviated quick-start

checklists for users who are already familiar with the installation procedures.

• Appendix B, Disposal of Electrical & Electronic Equipment

, provides instructions for proper disposal of unwanted electrical and electronic equipment.

• Appendix C,

Regulatory Compliances, identifies drive compliance

with safety and EMC regulations.

This guide also has an index.

Notational Conventions

This guide uses the following conventions:

Note: Notes emphasize important information related to the main

topic.

Tech Tip: Tech Tips provide technical information which may be

helpful in performing the procedure.

Caution: Cautions indicate potential hazards to equipment and are

included to prevent damage to equipment.

Warning: Warnings indicate potential hazards to personal safety and

are included to prevent injury.

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Preface

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide x

Related Documents

The following subsection identifies the primary documents that are related to the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive.

Standards Conformance

The Small Computer System Interface is described in standards that include several versions and a number of individual documents. The original Small Computer System Interface Standard, X3.131-1986, is referred to as SCSI-1. SCSI-1 was revised, resulting in the Small Computer System Interface – 2 (X3.131-1994), referred to as SCSI-2. The set of SCSI-3 standards are collectively referred to as SCSI-3. The applicable ANSI standards are as follows:

• INCITS Technical Committee T10 (SCSI Storage Interfaces) Standards:

• SCSI Architecture Model – 2 (SAM-2) INCITS 366-2003

• SCSI Architecture Model – 3 (SAM-3) INCITS 402-2005

• SCSI Architecture Model – 4 (SAM-4) in development

• Automation/Drive Interface – Commands (ADC) INCITS 403-

2005

• Automation/Drive Interface Commands (ADC-2) in

development

• Automation/Drive Interface – Transport Protocol (ADT) INCITS

406-2005

• Automation/Drive Interface – Transport Protocol – 2 (ADT-2) in

development

• Fibre Channel Protocol for SCSI (FCP) INCITS 269-1996

• Fibre Channel Protocol for SCSI, Second Version - 2 (FCP-2)

INCITS 350-2003

• Fibre Channel Protocol for SCSI, Third Version - 3 (FCP-3)

INCITS 416-2006

• Fibre Channel Protocol for SCSI, Fourth Version - 4 (FCP-3) in

development

• SCSI-3 Medium Changer Commands (SMC) INCITS 314-1998

• SCSI Media Changer Commands – 2 (SMC-2) INCITS 382-2004

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Preface

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide xi

• SCSI Media Changer Commands – 3 (SMC-3) in development

• SCSI Parallel Interface – 3 (SPI-3) INCITS 336-2000

• SCSI Parallel Interface-4 (SPI-4) INCITS 362-2002

• SCSI Parallel Interface-5 (SPI-5) INCITS 367-2003

• SCSI-3 Primary Commands (SPC) INCITS 301-1997

• SCSI Primary Commands – 2 (SPC-2) INCITS 351-2001

• SCSI Primary Commands – 3 (SPC-3) INCITS 408-2005

• SCSI Primary Commands – 4 (SPC-4) in development

• SCSI-3 Stream Commands (SSC) INCITS 335-2000

• SCSI Stream Commands – 2 (SSC-2) INCITS 380-2003

• SCSI Stream Commands – 3 (SSC-3) in development

• Serial Attached SCSI – (SAS) INCITS 376-2003

• Serial Attached SCSI – 1.1 (SAS-1.1) INCITS 417-2006

• Serial Attached SCSI – 2 (SAS-2) in development

• INCITS Technical Committee T11 (Device Level Interfaces) Standards

• Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL-2) Amendment 1 INCITS

332.1999/AM1-2003Fibre Channel Generic Services-4 (FC-GS-4) INCITS 387-2004

• Fibre Channel Generic Services-5 (FC-GS-5) in development

• Fibre Channel Generic Services-6 (FC-GS-6) in development

• Fibre Channel - Link Services (FC-LS) in development

Note: The term “SCSI” is used wherever it is not necessary to

distinguish between the versions of SCSI.

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 1

Chapter 1

1Introduction

This chapter provides an introductory overview of the LTO-4 HalfHeight Tape Drive. Topics include:

• Overview

• Drive Models

• Features

Overview

The LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive is a high-performance 16-channel tape drive that complies with the LTO interchange specifications. The drive is suited for mid-range to high-end servers, mainframe systems, and tape library automation systems.

The LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive uses Ultrium data cartridges. Its capacity is maximized using intelligent data compression. The drive has a native capacity of 800 Gbytes (1,600 Gbytes assuming 2:1 data compression).

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Chapter 1 Introduction

Drive Models

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 2

The LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive has a 5¼-inch half-height form factor with automatic electromechanical cartridge soft load. It is available in two models:

• Internal

• Tabletop

Drive Models

Internal 1

The internal model (see figure 1) is a 5¼-inch drive that you can install inside the drive bay of a:

• Computer workstation or server system

• Rackmount drive enclosure

Tabletop 1

The tabletop model is a 5¼-inch drive that is already mounted inside a stand-alone external drive enclosure with a built-in power supply.

Figure 1 Internal LTO-4 HalfHeight Tape Drive

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Chapter 1 Introduction

Features

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 3

Features

Table 1 describes the key performance features and capabilities of the

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive.

T able 1 Performance Features and Capabilities

Feature Description

Cartridge memory Stores pertinent information about the

media to enable fast cartridge loading

Chassis Shock damped and isolated

Data buffering 128 Mbytes for high performance

Head positioner Patented proprietary mechanism for

increased data integrity

Intelligent data compression

Analyzes compression factors before recording to maximize performance and capacity

Interface Serial-attached SCSI (SAS)

LSI circuitry Custom designed for fast, efficient data

processing

Native data transfer rate Up to 120 Mbytes per second

Read channel Third generation for increased maturity

and data integrity

RISC processors Provide fast, efficient data processing

SmartVerify Includes two levels of ECC for extra data

safety and error protection

Supported platforms A wide variety of Windows and UNIX

systems

TapeAlert Monitors and reports drive performance

Tape picking Enhanced implementation for increased

reliability

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Chapter 1 Introduction

Features

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 4

Variable-speed transfer Variable speeds for matching with the host

to:

• Optimize data transfers

• Shorten backup times

• Increase reliability

Feature Description

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 5

Chapter 2

2Installation Procedures

This chapter provides detailed installation instructions for both the internal and tabletop models of the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive, including:

• Before Installing the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive

, which includes:

• Handling Precautions and Installation Guidelines

• Preinstallation Requirements on page 7

• Unpacking and Inspecting the Drive

on page 7

• Detailed procedures for:

• Installing the Internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive

on page 8

• IInstalling the LTO Driver Software

on page 12

• IInstalling the LTO Driver Software

on page 12, optional/when

required

Optionally, experienced users who are familiar with installing the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive can refer to the quick-start checklists in

appendix A

on page 57 of this guide. Each checklist provides abbreviated installation instructions, with references to the corresponding detailed procedures in this chapter.

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Chapter 2 Installation Procedures

Before Installing the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 6

Before Installing the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive

Handling Precautions and Installation Guidelines 2

Always observe the following precautions and guidelines when handling and installing LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drives:

• Internal, at all times

• Tabletop, when removed from its free-standing enclosure

Handling Precautions

• Internal drives have exposed components that are sensitive to static electricity. To reduce the possibility of damage from static discharge, the drives are packaged in a protective antistatic bag. Do not remove the drive from the antistatic bag until you are ready to install it.

• Wear an ESD-preventive grounding wrist strap or observe similar ESD precautions when working with the drive. Be sure the wrist strap makes good skin contact. Do not remove the wrist strap until you finish working with the drive.

Also, avoid contact between the drive, other equipment, and clothing. The wrist strap only protects the equipment from ESD voltages on the body; ESD voltages on clothing can still cause damage.

• Before removing the drive from the antistatic bag, touch a grounded metal surface to discharge any static electricity buildup from your body.

(continued)

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Chapter 2 Installation Procedures

Before Installing the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 7

Preinstallation Requirements 2

Before installing the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive, make sure you have:

• A SAS host bus adapter (HBA) installed and properly configured in the host computer

• Interface components, either:

• 7-pin 1x SATA style interface cable for an internal drive

• 26-pin SFF-8088 mini-SAS style interface cable for a tabletop

drive

• Backup application software that supports the tape drive. For a list of the backup software applications that have been tested with the LTO4 Half-Height Tape Drive, contact your sales representative

Unpacking and Inspecting the Drive 2

Although each LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive is inspected and carefully packaged at the factory, damage can occur:

• In shipment

• When being unpacked

Handling Precautions (continued)

• Handle the drive by its sides rather than by the top cover to reduce the risk of dropping the drive or damaging it during installation.

• Either lay the drive on a nonconductive surface or put it back inside the protective antistatic bag to reduce the chance of damage from static discharge

Installation Guidelines

Due to the high speed of the LTO-4 HalfHeight Tape Drive, do not connect more than one LTO-4 drive to the same channel on a host SAS adapter.

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Chapter 2 Installation Procedures

Installing the Internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 8

Observe the handling precautions listed in Handling Precautions and

Installation Guidelines and carefully unpack and inspect the LTO-4 Half-

Height Tape Drive as follows:

1 Visually inspect the shipping container and notify your carrier

immediately of any damage.

2 Place the shipping container on a flat, clean, stable surface and

carefully remove the contents.

3 Visually inspect the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive and notify your

drive supplier’s representative immediately of any damage.

4 Always save the shipping container and packing materials for any

future reshipment.

Installing the Internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive

To install the internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive, complete the following procedures in the order presented:

1 Mounting the Internal Tape Drive 2 Connecting the Internal Drive Interface and DC Power Cables on

page 10

3 Restarting the Internal Tape Drive System

on page 11

4 IInstalling the LTO Driver Software

on page 12, if required

Mounting the Internal Tape Drive 2

You can mount the internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive either horizontally or vertically, but not upside down (see figure 2

IF you mount the drive . . . THEN the . . .

horizontally, base of the drive must be within 15

degrees of horizontal.

vertically, side of the drive should be within 5

degrees of horizontal.

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Chapter 2 Installation Procedures

Installing the Internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 9

Figure 2 Acceptable Mounting Orientation

Mount the drive in a 5.25-inch, half-height drive bay as follows:

1 As required:

a Save and close your open files and terminate all running

applications.

b Shut down the workstation or server system. c Disconnect the system AC power cord from the facility AC

power receptacle.

2 Remove the cover from the workstation or server system.

3 Select an available 5.25-inch half-height bay and, if required, remove

the bay cover.

4 Position the drive in the bay and align either the upper or lower

mounting holes—whichever is appropriate—with the holes in the chassis (see figure 3).

5 Secure the drive using two M3.0 X 5 metric screws on each side.

After mounting the internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive, proceed to

Connecting the Internal Drive Interface and DC Power Cables

in the

following subsection.

Note: See your computer manufacturer’s instructions for the

proper procedures to remove the cover.

Caution: Using screws longer than 5 mm can damage the drive.

Do not use screws longer than 5 mm to secure the internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive.

YES YES YES NO

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Chapter 2 Installation Procedures

Installing the Internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 10

Figure 3 Internal Tape Drive Mounting Holes

Connecting the Internal Drive Interface and DC Power Cables 2

As shown in figure 4, the rear panel of the internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive has connectors for:

• A 7-pin 1x SATA style interface cable

• A serial library interface cable

• The internal drive DC power cable

Connect the interface and DC power cables to the internal drive as follows:

1 Verify that the system is shut down and the AC power cord is

disconnected from the facility AC power receptacle.

2 Attach the internal SAS interface cable to the 7-pin 1x SATA style SAS

connector on the back of the drive.

Figure 4 Internal Drive Interface and Power Connectors

Lower mounting holes

Upper mounting holes

Serial library port

DC power connector 7-pin 1x SATA style SAS connector

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Chapter 2 Installation Procedures

Installing the Internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 11

3 If you are installing the internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive in a

tape library system, connect the RS-422 serial interface cable to the serial library port on the back of the drive. (The serial library port is not used in workstation or server systems.)

4 Connect the internal drive DC power cable to the DC power

connector on the back of the drive.

5 Reinstall the system cover. 6 Reconnect the system AC power cord to the facility AC power

receptacle.

After connecting the interface and DC power cables, proceed to

Restarting the Internal Tape Drive System

in the following subsection.

Restarting the Internal Tape Drive System 2

After connecting the internal drive interface and DC power cables:

1 Restart the workstation or server system. 2 Refer to the operating procedures in chapter 3

to verify that the internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive comes on and completes the Power On Self Test (POST) functions.

As required, proceed to IInstalling the LTO Driver Software

on page 12.

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Chapter 2 Installation Procedures

IInstalling the LTO Driver Software

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 12

IInstalling the LTO Driver Software

If you intend to use the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive with the Microsoft

native backup applet on a Windows 2000, or Windows

Server

2003 operating system, install the appropriate version of the LTO driver software (see ht

tp://www.fujitsu-siemens.com/support; search for “lto“ in

fulltext search or search based on the server system under industry standard server.).

Note: The LTO driver software is not necessary with commercial

backup application software.

Page 24

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 13

Chapter 3

3Operation

This chapter describes how to operate the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive.

Topics covered in this chapter are:

• Understanding the Front Panel Display

• Using LTO Tape Cartridges on page 16

• Cleaning the Tape Drive

on page 18

• Performing an Emergency Cartridge Eject

on page 20

Understanding the Front Panel Display

As shown in figure 5, to reflect the operating condition of the drive, the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive front panel display has:

• A seven-segment LED display that provides a single character code for status, diagnostic, and maintenance functions

• An LED dot display that augments the seven-segment LED

• A two-color (amber/green) status LED

The on/steady, on/flashing, or off condition of the front panel LEDs indicate the various drive conditions as shown in table 2

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Chapter 3 Operation

Understanding the Front Panel Display

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 14

Figure 5 Front Panel Display

Table 2 Front Panel Display Indications

Drive Condition

Seven-

segment

LED LED Dot

Two-color

Status LED

Powered off Blank Off Off

Powered on Blank Off Green

Initializing/power-on self-tests underway

Post

pattern

Flashing Amber

Successful initialization/ power-on self-tests

Blank On for 3

seconds

Green

Active/busy or loading or unloading a cartridge

Blank Off Flashing

green

Ready with cartridge loaded

Blank Off Green

Write-protected cartridge loaded

P Off Flashing

amber

Downloading or updating firmware

F Flashing Flashing

amber

Running diagnostics Function-

dependent

Flashing Amber

Cleaning required C On Flashing

amber

Cleaning operation in progress

C Flashing Flashing

green

Expired cleaning cartridge detected

7 Off Flashing

amber

Seven-segment LED LED dot

Two-color status LED

Page 26

Chapter 3 Operation

Understanding the Front Panel Display

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 15

Temperature fault 1 Off Flashing

amber

Power fault 2 Off Flashing

amber

Firmware fault 3 Off Flashing

amber

Firmware/hardware fault 4 Off Flashing

amber

Hardware fault 5 Off Flashing

amber

Media or hardware fault 6 Off Flashing

amber

Media fault 7 Off Flashing

amber

Interface fault 8 Off Flashing

amber

Degraded operation A Off Flashing

amber

Cartridge load or unload failure

Failure-

dependent

Off Flashing

amber

Maintenance mode dump available

Blank Flashing Off

Drive Condition

Seven-

segment

LED LED Dot

Two-color

Status LED

Page 27

Chapter 3 Operation

Using LTO Tape Cartridges

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 16

Using LTO Tape Cartridges

Loading a Tape Cartridge 3

To load an Ultrium tape cartridge into the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive, gently insert the cartridge into the slot and then either:

• Push the cartridge further into the drive until the drive senses the cartridge and automatically completes the load operation.

• Use a library or host command to complete the load operation.

Unloading a Tape Cartridge 3

To unload an Ultrium tape cartridge from the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive, either:

• Use a library or host command to unload the tape.

• Press the Eject button on the front panel of the drive.

Write Protecting a Tape Cartridge 3

Ultrium tape cartridges have a sliding write-protect switch at the rightrear corner as shown in figure 6

Caution: After you press the Eject button, several minutes can

elapse before the drive ejects the cartridge. Do not power down the tape drive or the host computer until the drive has completely ejected the cartridge.

Sliding the write-protect switch toward the . . . Enables data to be . . .

center of the cartridge (the Locked position),

read from the cartridge, but not written to it. (This is the write-protected position.)

corner of the cartridge (the Unlocked position),

both read from and written to the cartridge. (This is the write-enabled position.)

Page 28

Chapter 3 Operation

Using LTO Tape Cartridges

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 17

Figure 6 Ultrium Tape Cartridge Write-Protect Switch

Tape Cartridge Care and Maintenance 3

Observe the following precautions to protect the data on your Ultrium tape cartridges:

Always:

• Remove the cartridge from the drive when not in use and store it in its protective case.

• Avoid dropping the cartridge. This can damage components inside the cartridge, possibly rendering the tape unusable. If you drop a tape cartridge, open the cartridge door and make sure that the leader pin is in the correct position.

• Re-tension a dropped cartridge before using.

• Keep the cartridge away from:

• Direct sunlight and heat sources, such as radiators, heaters, or warm air ducts.

• Sources of electromagnetic fields, such as telephones, computer monitors, dictation equipment, mechanical or printing calculators, motors, magnetic tools, and bulk erasers.

Write protect switch (unlocked)

Unlocked

Locked

Front

Page 29

Chapter 3 Operation

Cleaning the Tape Drive

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 18

Cleaning the Tape Drive

Excessive tape debris or other material can accumulate on the tape heads if the drive is:

• Used with non-approved media

• Operated in a hot, dusty environment

When this happens, the drive can:

• Experience excessive errors while reading or writing

• Display the letter “C” on the seven-segment LED, illuminate the amber status LED continuously, and flash the LED dot during operation

This means that the drive needs to be cleaned.

The LTO cleaning cartridge has the same dimensions as the tape cartridge and contains an LTO Cartridge Memory (LTO-CM), but is loaded with

Do not:

• Expose the cartridge to dirt, dust or moisture.

• Touch the tape media within the cartridge.

• Bulk erase Ultrium tape cartridges. LTO tape cartridges have prewritten servo patterns that cannot be reformatted by the tape drive. A bulk erase operation would make them unusable.

• Use tape cartridges outside the specified operating conditions: 10

C to 40o C, 20% to 80% relative

humidity.

If a tape cartridge has been exposed to conditions outside the specified range, recondition the tape before using in the operating environment by exposing it to the operating environment for a time equal to or greater than the time it was outside the operating environment, up to a maximum of 24 hours. Then re-tension the tape to stabilize the tape pack for better performance.

Page 30

Chapter 3 Operation

Cleaning the Tape Drive

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 19

cleaning media instead of recording media. Always keep the LTO cleaning cartridge in its protective case when not in use.

Procedure

To clean the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive:

1 Load an LTO cleaning cartridge into the tape drive. 2 Observe that the seven-segment LED displays the letter “C” and both

the LED dot and the green status LED are flashing during the cleaning process.

3 After the cleaning process completes, depending on the drive

configuration, either:

a The drive automatically ejects the LTO cleaning cartridge, or b You must press the Eject button to eject the LTO cleaning

cartridge.

4 Write the date on the cartridge label for future reference.

Each time you use the LTO cleaning cartridge, the cleaning media advances to a new, unused section. After approximately 50 cleanings, all of the media will be used up and the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive:

• Displays the number “7” on the seven-segment LED

• Turns off the LED dot

• Flashes the amber status LED

• Ejects the LTO cleaning cartridge

Always discard used-up LTO cleaning cartridges.

Note: If the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive does not recognize

the cartridge as an LTO cleaning cartridge, the drive stops the cleaning process and ejects the cartridge.

Note: If the letter “C” and flashing amber status LED reappears

continuously within 24 hours after a cleaning cycle, perform the cleaning procedure again. If, after three cleaning cycles in a 72-hour period, the condition persists, contact your Technical Support organization.

Page 31

Chapter 3 Operation

Performing an Emergency Cartridge Eject

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 20

Performing an Emergency Cartridge Eject

If the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive stops communicating with the host computer, use the following procedure eject a cartridge (if necessary).

To perform an emergency cartridge eject, hold down the Eject button between 5 to 15 seconds, and then release it. The tape drive firmware ignores all outstanding SCSI commands and ejects the tape.

If the emergency cartridge eject procedure does not eject the cartridge from the drive, see Drive Does Not Eject the Tape Cartridge

on page 48.

Caution: When you perform an emergency cartridge eject, any data

in the drive or host buffers will not be written to the tape and the tape record may not be correctly terminated with an end-of-data mark. If the end-of-data mark is not written to the tape, you will not be able to append any data to that tape unless you overwrite the existing data on the tape.

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 21

Chapter 4

4Theory

This chapter describes operational theories used in the LTO-4 HalfHeight Tape Drive.

The topics covered in this chapter are:

• Track Layout

• Recording Method on page 23

• Data Buffer

on page 23

• Data Integrity

on page 23

• Data Compression

on page 25

Track Layout

With the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive, there are 704 data tracks on the LTO tape, numbered 0 through 703. Data track 703 is the track closest to the bottom edge of the tape (the reference edge).

The area between adjacent servo bands is a data band. There are 4 data bands, each of which includes 176 data tracks. The data bands are numbered 2, 0, 1, 3. Data band 2 is closest to the bottom edge of the tape.

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Chapter 4 Theory

Track Layout

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 22

A track group is a set of tracks that is recorded concurrently. The sets of 11 data tracks in a data band are data sub-bands. There are 16 data subbands per data band. The data tracks are accessed in a serpentine manner.

A wrap is a track group recorded in the physical forward or physical reverse direction. The wraps are recorded in a serpentine fashion starting in data band 0. The tape contains 56 track groups, 28 written in the forward direction and 28 written in the reverse direction. Even-numbered wraps are recorded in the forward direction (BOT to EOT), and oddnumbered wraps are recorded in the reverse direction (EOT to BOT).

Figure 7

shows the layout of data on an LTO tape.

Figure 7 Layout of the Tracks on LTO Ultrium Tapes

Tape edge

Even # wrap

Servo band

Odd # wrap

Tape edge

Even # wrap

Servo band

Odd # wrap

Sub-band 0

Sub-band 15

Sub-bands 1 through 14 (not shown)

Beginning of tape (BOT)

End of tape (EOT)

Data Band

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Chapter 4 Theory

Recording Method

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 23

Recording Method

The LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive records data using write-equalized (0,13/11) Run Length Limited (RLL) code. RLL (0,13/11) Data bits are defined as follows:

•

ONE is represented by a flux transition at the center of a bit-cell.

•

ZERO is represented by no flux transition in the bit-cell.

Data Buffer

In its default configuration, the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive has a 128Mbyte buffer. The buffer controller has a burst transfer rate of 320 Mbytes/sec., and utilizes bank switching to achieve a maximum average bandwidth of nearly 240 Mbytes/sec. The high bandwidth is needed to support look-aside data compression in the case of compressible data being transferred from the SAS.

Data Integrity

The mechanical and electrical design of the drive ensures that drive performance does not degrade over time. Changes in head alignment, head wear, component drift, and other factors are minimized to ensure that data integrity and interchange capability are not compromised. The drive also incorporates adaptive Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters that modify the equalization of each read channel dynamically to compensate for many of those changes.

The error rate of the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive is less than 1 hard error in 10

bits. The undetectable error rate is 1 in 1027 bits read.

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Data Integrity

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Error-correction Code (ECC) 4

The use of Cyclic Redundancy Checking (CRC), two-level orthogonal Error Correction Coding (ECC) provides a very low probability of encountering a hard error. During the read process, ECC correction is performed on the fly without affecting tape streaming.

There are two levels of Error Correction Coding (ECC). These two levels are orthogonal — that is, an ECC codeword at one level intersects ECC codewords at the other level just once, which means there will be only one common symbol between them. The two levels are called C1 and C2.

C1 ECC

As data is written to memory from the data processing unit, the DMA/ ECC interface generates C1 ECC bytes and writes them to memory.

As data is written to tape, the C1 ECC is checked and an interrupt generated if there is an error. The C1 ECC read from memory is the ECC that is written to tape.

When data is read from tape and stored into memory, C1 ECC is checked and:

• If the C1 ECC is good, the “Valid” bit for the codeword pair is set.

• Otherwise, a pointer to the invalid codeword pair is passed to the C1 ECC correction engine.

• If the C1 ECC correction engine can correct the error, then the

corrected bytes are written to memory, and the Valid bit is set.

• Otherwise, the Valid bit is left cleared.

As data is read from memory to the data processor for decompression, the C1 ECC is again checked and an interrupt generated if it is not correct.

C2 ECC

C2 ECC involves three distinct operations:

Encoding: Generating C2 ECC bytes from data bytes (performed by

ECC coprocessor hardware).

Decoding: Generating ECC syndromes from data and ECC bytes,

testing for all-zeroes (performed by ECC coprocessor hardware).

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Chapter 4 Theory

Data Compression

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 25

3 Correction: Generating corrected data from syndromes.

The correction depends on the number and types of errors involved:

• For one known C1 codeword pair in error in a subdata set (C2

codeword), the operation is performed by the ECC coprocessor hardware.

• For two or more known C1 codeword pairs in error, the matrix is

computed by firmware and the correction is performed by hardware.

• For one or more unknown C1 codeword pairs, syndromes are

generated by hardware, error location is computed by firmware, the matrix is computed by firmware and the correction is performed by hardware.

Servo-tracking Faults 4

During a write operation, if the servo system detects an error that may result in adjacent data tracks being overwritten, the write operation is aborted. The write operation will not continue until the correct servo tracking is re-established.

Data Compression

Typical data streams of text, graphics, software code, or other forms of data contain repeated information of some sort, whether it is at the text level where you can readily recognize regular repetitions of a single word, or at the binary level where the repetitions are in bits or bytes. Although most data is unique and random, the binary level data exhibits patterns of various sizes that repeat with varying degrees of regularity.

Storage efficiency is increased if the redundancies or repetition in the data are removed before the data is recorded to tape. Data compression technology significantly reduces or eliminates redundancies in data before recording the information to tape. This increases the amount of data that can be stored on a finite medium and increases the overall storage efficiency of the system.

With data compression, the redundant information in a data stream is identified and represented by codewords or symbols that allow the same

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Chapter 4 Theory

Data Compression

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 26

data to be recorded in a fewer number of bits. These codewords or symbols point back to the original data string, using fewer characters to represent the strings. Because these smaller symbols are substituted for the longer strings of data, more data can be stored in the same physical space.

Some important benefits result from data compression in tape drives:

• The same amount of information can be stored on a smaller length of tape.

• More data can be stored on a given length of tape.

• Performance can more closely parallel to that of high-transfer-rate computers.

• More information can be transferred in the same time interval.

Data Compression Considerations 4

In an effective data-compression method, several factors are important:

• The amount of compression, which is measured by the compression ratio. This ratio compares the amount of uncompressed data to the amount of compressed data. It is obtained by dividing the size of the uncompressed data by the size of the compressed data.

• The speed with which data is compressed and decompressed relative to the host transfer rate.

• The types of data to be compressed.

• The data integrity of the compressed data.

The amount of compression possible in a data stream depends on factors such as:

• Data pattern

• Compression algorithm

• Pattern repetition length

• Pattern repetition frequency

• Object size (block of information to be compressed)

• Starting pattern chosen

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Chapter 4 Theory

Data Compression

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 27

The transfer rate depends on factors such as:

• Compression ratio

•Drive buffer size

• Host computer input/output (I/O) speed

• Effective disc speeds of the host computer

• Record lengths that the host computer transmits

Data compression algorithms can be tailored to provide maximum compression for specific types of data. Because varying types of data are encountered in normal day-to-day operating circumstances, however, an effective data compression method for a tape drive must serve various data types. Additionally, the data compression method must adapt to different data types, automatically providing optimum handling for all types of data.

Intelligent Data Compression 4

The compressed capacity of the tape is maximized through the use of intelligent data compression. The intelligent data compression hardware determines the compressibility of each record. If the size of the record is larger after a compression attempt than the native (uncompressed) size, then the record is written in its native form.

The intelligent data compression utilizes two compression schemes:

• Scheme-1 is a LZ1-based compression scheme using a history buffer to achieve data compression.

• Scheme-2 is a pass-through compression scheme designed to pass uncompressible data through with minimal expansion.

There are three specific requirements for compliance with the LTO specification.

• The output data stream must be decompressible following LTO rules to create the input sequence of records and file marks perfectly.

• An LTO compressed data stream may not contain any of the eight reserved control symbols.

• While control symbols allow switching to Scheme 2, this should never be used by operational software because this capability is only for diagnostic and testing purposes.

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Chapter 4 Theory

Data Compression

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 28

Software data compression should never be used because the built-in intelligent data compression of the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive is much more efficient than software data compression.

The LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive uses a derivative of ALDC-2 lossless data compression that includes additional control codes for intelligent data compression.

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 29

Chapter 5

5Specifications

This chapter provides technical specifications for the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive.

The topics covered in this chapter are:

• Physical Specifications

• Power Specifications on page 32

• Drive Performance Specifications

on page 33

• Environmental Requirements

on page 35

• Injected Noise Specifications

on page 36

• Reliability Specifications

on page 36

• LTO Cartridge Specifications

on page 37

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Chapter 5 Specifications

Physical Specifications

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 30

Physical Specifications

Table 3 lists the physical specifications of the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape

Drive, which is shown in figure 8

Table 3 Physical Specifications

Specification

Internal Drive

Tabletop DriveWithout Bezel With Bezel

Height 1.63 inches

(41.3 mm)

1.70 inches (43.1 mm)

2.60 inches

66.2 mm)

Width 5.76 inches

(146.30)

5.87 inches (149.10 mm)

8.35 inches (212.13 mm)

Length 8.56 inches

(217.50 mm)

(Max. to end of connector)

8.76 inches (222.57 mm)

(Max. to end of connector)

10.73 inches (272.49 mm)

Weight 3.66 lbs.

(1.66 kg)

3.72 lbs. (1.69) kg)

8.00 lb. (3.63 kg)

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Chapter 5 Specifications

Physical Specifications

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 31

Figure 8 LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive Dimensions

TO CARTRIDGE CENTER FROM SIDE MOUNTING SURFACE

TO CARTRIDGE CENTER FROM BOTTOM MOUNTING SURFACE

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Chapter 5 Specifications

Power Specifications

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 32

Power Specifications

The tabletop LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive has a built-in 90-260 VAC (47-63 Hz) automatic switching power supply.

Maximum voltage and power specifications for the internal LTO-4 HalfHeight Tape Drive is listed in table 4

. Specifications are the same as those

for other SAS drives unless otherwise noted.

Table 4 Voltage and Current Specifications

Table 5 Power Dissipation

Specification +12 VDC +5 VDC

DC Voltage Tolerance 12.00 ± 10% 5.00 ± 5%

Non-operating max voltage

14 Volts peak 7 Volts peak

Max operating current

Continuous: Peak:

0.8 amps RMS

2.3 amps RMS (1 sec max)

4.1 amps max RMS*

Standby current (max) 0.45 amps RMS 1.50 amps RMS*

Ripple (peak-to-peak) <

100 mV < 100 mV

* RMS parameters measured at the power connector using a true RMS digital meter.

Power Specification Dissipation

Max Standby Power 12.5 watts RMS*

Max Continuous Operating Power 31 watts RMS*

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Chapter 5 Specifications

Drive Performance Specifications

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 33

Drive Performance Specifications

Table 6 lists the performance specifications of the LTO-4 Half-Height

Tape Drive.

Table 6 Drive Performance Specifications

Max Peak Operating Power 36 watts RMS (1 sec max)

* RMS parameters measured at the power connector using a true RMS digital meter.

Specification Value

Average data access time (650-m tape) from BOW (beginning of wrap)

60 seconds

Average rewind time (650-m tape)

51 seconds

Max rewind time (650-m tape)

120 seconds

Capacity LTO Ultrium 4 (680 m)

800 Gbytes (native)

Cartridge unload time 25 seconds

Error recovery Read-after-write Reed Solomon

ECC (2 levels)

Flux density 13250 cells per mm

Power Specification Dissipation

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Chapter 5 Specifications

Drive Performance Specifications

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 34

Head configuration 2 bumps

16 thin-film write heads per bump 16 MR read heads per bump 2 MR servo heads per bump

Maximum data access time (650-m tape) from BOW

120 seconds

Maximum rewind time (650-m tape)

115 seconds

Recording density 6,760 RLL-encoded ONEs per mm

Recording format Ultrium 16-channel (U-416)

Recording method 0, 13/11 RLL

Recording undetectable errors Less than 1 in 10

data bits

Recording unrecoverable errors Less than 1 in 10

data bits

Synchronous transfer rate (burst)

160 Mbytes per sec max

Tape drive type LTO (Ultrium)

Tape speed Up to 6.07 meters per second

Track density 70 tracks per mm

Transfer rate (sustained) 120 Mbytes/second (max, native)

Specification Value

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Chapter 5 Specifications

Environmental Requirements

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 35

Environmental Requirements

Table 7 lists the environmental specifications of the LTO-4 Half-Height

Tape Drive.

Table 7 Environmental Requirements

Specification Operational Nonoperational

Acoustic level idling (A-wt sum)

52 dBA maximum 5.0 LwA Bels —

Acoustic level operational (A-wt sum)

57 dBA maximum 5.5 LwA Bels —

Airflow requirements Internal: 9 CFM (front to back) N/A

Altitude max 10,000 feet MSL

(at 25°C)

40,000 feet (power off)

Humidity gradient 10% per hour 10% per hour

Relative humidity 20% to 80% non-condensing 10% to 95% non-condensing

Shock (1/2 sine wave) 10 Gs peak, 11 msec 40 Gs peak, 11 msec

Temperature +50° to +104°F

(+10° to + 40°C)

–40° to +149°F (–40° to + 66°C)

Thermal gradient 11°C per hour (10-40°C) 11°C per hour (10-40°C)

Vibration (sweep test) 0.005 inches DA (5-43 Hz)

0.50 G peak (43–1000 Hz) sweep rate 5-1000Hz;

1.0 octave per minute

0.1 inches (5-–15Hz)

1.0 G (15–500 Hz)

1.0 octave per minute

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Chapter 5 Specifications

Injected Noise Specifications

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 36

Injected Noise Specifications

The internal drive operates without degradation of error rates with 100 mV of noise injected between the chassis and 0 V at the power connector at any frequency between 45 Hz and 20 MHz.

Reliability Specifications

The LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive is designed for maximum reliability and data integrity. Table 8

lists the reliability specifications.

Table 8 Reliability Specifications

Specification Description

Cartridge load/eject 100,000 cartridge load/eject cycles (no thread)

Error recovery and control

• Error correction code techniques (C1 and C2 ECC)

• Read-after-write (RAW)

• Error monitoring and reporting (error log)

•Retry on

Mean time between failures (MTBF)

300,000 hours MTBF at 100% duty cycle: power applied and tape moving continuously (tabletop drive; 50,000 hours at full load and 25°C)

Mean time to replace (MTTR)

Less than 30 minutes

Nonrecoverable error rate

Less than 1 in 10

bits

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Chapter 5 Specifications

LTO Cartridge Specifications

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 37

Mean Time Between Failures 5

The mean time between failures (MTBF) for the internal drive is specified at 300,000 hours minimum. This specification includes all power-on and operational time but excludes maintenance periods. Operational time is assumed to be 100% of the power-on time. Operational time is the time the tape is loaded.

The MTBF for the tabletop drive power supply is 50,000 hours with the unit operated at full load and 25°C.

Mean Time to Replace 5

The mean time to replace (MTTR) is the average time required by a qualified service technician to diagnose a defective drive and to install a replacement drive. The MTTR for LTO products is less than 0.5 hour (30 minutes).

The LTO drives are field-replaceable units. If a problem occurs with a subassembly or component in the drive, you should replace the entire unit. Return the drive to the factory in its original packaging. Contact your distributor, dealer, your computer system company or your sales representative to arrange the return.

LTO Cartridge Specifications

For questions concerning LTO cartridge specifications see ht

tp://www.fujitsu-siemens.com/support.

Note: The MTBF rating does not represent any particular drive, but

is derived from a large database of test samples. Actual rates may vary from unit to unit.

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 38

Chapter 6

6Troubleshooting Guide

This chapter provides best-practice installation guidelines for getting the most out of your LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive and troubleshooting information you can use to identify and resolve tape drive problems.

Topics covered in this chapter are:

• Installation Best Practices

• Troubleshooting Suggestions on page 39

Installation Best Practices

Following SAS Best Practices 6

Always follow SAS best practices when installing an LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive to ensure trouble-free installation and operation.

Using a Serial-attached SAS Host Bus Adapter 6

To achieve the very best performance from your LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive and optimize your backup operations, always attach the drive to a serial-attached SAS controller that supports 3 GBytes per sec. per port transfer rate.

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Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Guide

Troubleshooting Suggestions

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 39

HBA Preinstallation Checks 6

Before installing the HBA, check and record your current system configuration. For example:

Refer to your operating system documentation for specific information on reviewing your system configuration.

After installing the SAS HBA, restart the system. Then, ensure that the operating system recognizes the HBA and that there are no conflicts with other adapters.

Troubleshooting Suggestions

Computer Does Not Start 6

If the computer started and operated properly before installing a SAS HBA and the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive, but does not start now:

1 Remove the SAS HBA.

In the . . . operating system,

You can find information on any currently installed SAS HBA by . . .

Windows 2000 1 Double-clicking

Administrative Tools in

the Control Panel

2 Clicking

Computer Management > Device

Manager

3 Clicking the SAS host adapters listed 4 Clicking

Properties to view the Resources

tab

UNIX/Linux Viewing the boot log text file.

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Troubleshooting Suggestions

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 40

2 Restart the system.

Computer Hardware Does Not Recognize the Tape Drive 6

If the computer starts normally but does not recognize the tape drive:

1 Restart the system and check whether the SAS controller is

recognized at system startup. You should see messages similar to:

SCSI Adapter Manufacturer SCSI BOIS xxxxxxx CHA: SCSI ID #, SAS Device Name SCSI ID #, SAS Device Name”

2 If the SAS controller is recognized during system startup, restart the

system to determine whether the tape drive is recognized when the SAS controller scans for devices. You should see messages similar to:

Bus Target Lun Device 0 0 0 Quantum ULTRIUM 4

IF the system . . . THEN . . .

starts normally, there is a problem with the SAS HBA.

Make sure that the SAS HBA:

• Is compatible with system

• Does not have burnt components

Reinstall the SAS HBA in a different PCI slot and restart the computer.

still does not start, contact Technical Support.

IF the SAS controller is . . . during system startup, THEN . . .

recognized proceed to step 2 to determine

whether the tape drive is recognized when the SAS controller scans for devices.

not recognized contact Technical Support.

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Troubleshooting Suggestions

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 41

3 If the tape drive is not recognized when the SAS controller scans for

devices, check the green status LED on the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive front panel to make sure the drive is receiving power.

4 If the green status LED is off, check the power connections to the tape

drive.

For the internal tape drive:

a Shut down the system, remove the cover, and re-seat the DC

power cable connector on tape drive.

b Restart the system and check the green status LED.

IF the tape drive is . . . during system startup, THEN . . .

recognized the problem has been resolved.

not recognized proceed to step 3 to determine whether

the tape drive is receiving power.

IF the green status LED is . . . THEN . . .

off, proceed to step 4 to check the

power connections to the tape drive.

on, proceed to step 5 to determine

whether the drive passed the Power On Self Test functions.

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Troubleshooting Suggestions

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 42

IF the green status LED is . . . THEN . . .

off, shut down the system, replace

the power connector attached to the tape drive with one from a known working device such as a CD-ROM, and restart the system.

If the green status LED:

• Comes on, then resolve the problem with the DC power cable/connector.

• Remains off, then contact Technical Support to resolve the possible problem with the tape drive.

on, repeat step 2 of this procedure

to confirm that re-seating the DC power cable to the tape drive solved the problem and the tape drive is recognized during system startup.

If the tape drive is:

• Recognized during the SAS controller scan, then the problem is resolved. Reinstall the computer cover.

• Still not recognized, then proceed to step 5 to determine whether the drive passed the Power On Self Test functions.

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Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Guide

Troubleshooting Suggestions

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 43

For the tabletop tape drive:

a Set the drive AC power switch to the off position and re-seat the

AC power cord connector.

b Set the drive AC power switch to the on position and check the

green status LED.

IF the green status LED is . . . THEN . . .

off, set the drive AC power switch

to the off position, replace the AC power cable with one from a known working device, and reset the AC power switch to the on position.

If the green status LED:

• Comes on, then resolve the problem with the AC power cable/connector.

• Remains off, then contact Technical Support to resolve the possible problem with the tape drive.

on, repeat step 2 of this procedure

to confirm that re-seating or replacing the AC power cable solved the problem and the tape drive is recognized during system startup.

If the tape drive is:

• Recognized during the SAS controller scan, then the problem is resolved.

• Still not recognized, then proceed to step 5 to determine whether the drive passed the Power On Self Test functions.

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Troubleshooting Suggestions

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 44

5 If the green status LED is on, but the tape drive is not recognized

during the SAS controller scan, use the front panel LEDs to determine whether the drive passes the Power on Self Test (POST) functions. (See table 2

on page 14.)

6 If the front panel LEDs indicate that the drive has passed the POST

functions, check the SAS bus connections.

For the internal tape drive:

a Shut down the system. b Verify that there are no SCSI ID conflicts between the tape drive

and other SAS devices.

c Check the SAS cable for bent pins. d If possible, replace the SAS cable with one from another SAS

controller bus chain.

e If checks a

through d do not reveal a problem, contact Technical

Support to resolve the possible problem with the tape drive.

For the tabletop tape drive:

a Shut down the system and cycle the tape drive AC power switch

through its Off/On positions.

b Verify that there is no SCSI ID conflict between the tape drive

and other SAS devices.

c Check the SAS cable for bent pins. d If possible, replace the SAS cable with one from another SAS

controller bus chain.

e If checks a

through d do not reveal a problem, contact Technical

Support to resolve the possible problem with the tape drive.

IF the LEDs show that the tape drive . . . the POST functions, THEN . . .

fails contact Technical Support to resolve

the possible problem with the tape drive.

passes proceed to step 6 to check for possible

SAS problems.

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 45

Computer Software Does Not Recognize the Tape Drive 6

Depending on your operating system environment, refer to the following subsections for troubleshooting guidelines if the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape drive is recognized by the system hardware at startup, but not by the operating system or applications.

Windows Operating System Environme nts

When a tape drive is installed in a Windows operating system environment, Windows displays a message on the screen if it does not have a driver in place for the tape drive.

Red Hat Linux Operating System Environments

The tape driver for Red Hat Linux, called st, is included as part of the Red Hat Linux operating system.

When Red Hat Linux starts, the operating system recognizes the tape drive and automatically configures it as a device in the

/dev directory. If it

is the first tape device in the

/dev directory, the tape drive is known as:

/dev/st0 or /dev/nst0.

IF the tape drive is for use in . . . THEN you . . .

an ISV application, can click the

Cancel button to

clear the message.

When the ISV backup software application is running, the application invokes its own drivers to run the tape drive.

a native Windows operating system backup utility,

must install the proper driver for the tape drive.

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 46

Drive Does Not Load the Tape Cartridge 6

If you cannot load a tape cartridge into the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive:

1 Verify that the tape drive green status LED is on and that all other

LEDs are off.

IF the green status LED is . . .

AND other LEDs are . . . THEN . . .

off, off, refer to the procedures

for troubleshooting power problems under

Computer Hardware Does Not Recognize the Tape Drive on page 40 to

determine why the green status LED is not on.

on, on or flashing, see table 2

on page 14 to determine whether the other LED activity is normal or abnormal. Then proceed to step 2 of this procedure.

If the amber status LED is flashing and the seven-segment LED displays the number “4” or “5” to indicate a possible Power On Self Test error, contact Technical Support to resolve the possible problem with the tape drive.

on, off, skip to step 3 of this

procedure.

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 47

2 If other LEDs are on, reset the tape drive by either:

• Pressing and holding the cartridge eject button on the front panel for more than 5 seconds and releasing it (both internal and tabletop drives),

• Or by cycling the drive AC power switch off and on (tabletop tape drive only).

3 Verify that the tape drive passes the Power On Self Test by viewing

LED activity. All LEDs should be off for approximately 20 to 30 seconds after the tape drive resets.

4 If the green status LED is on, all the other LEDs are off, and you still

cannot load a tape cartridge into the tape drive, examine the tape and the inside of the tape drive.

• Verify that:

• There are no tape labels interfering with tape insertion.

• Tape labels are only on proper tape surfaces, and that labels

are flat and not curled.

• The tape drive opening is free of debris and tape labels.

• The tape pin and tape are fully within the cartridge.

• If you are inserting a cleaning cartridge, verify that the cleaning tape:

• Is valid. The tape drive ejects unsupported cleaning tapes.

• Has not expired. See table 2

on page 14 for Expired cleaning

cartridge detected.

5 Attempt to insert a different tape cartridge. 6 If a tape still cannot be inserted into the tape drive, contact Technical

Support to resolve the possible problem with the tape drive.

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 48

Drive Does Not Eject the Tape Cartridge 6

If you cannot eject a tape cartridge from the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive:

1 Verify that the green status

LED is on and that all other LEDs are off.

IF the green status LED is . . .

AND other LEDs are . . . THEN . . .

off, off, refer to the procedures

for troubleshooting power problems under

Computer Hardware Does Not Recognize the Tape Drive on page 40 to

determine why the green status LED is not on.

on, on or flashing, see table 2

on page 14 to determine whether the other LED activity is normal or abnormal. Then proceed to step 2 of this procedure.

on, off, skip to step 3 of this

procedure.

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 49

2 If other LEDs are on, reset the tape drive by either:

• Pressing and holding the cartridge eject button on the front panel for more than 5 seconds and releasing it (both internal and tabletop drives)

• Cycling the drive AC power switch off and on (tabletop tape drive only)

3 With the green status LED on and all other LEDs off, press the

cartridge eject button on the front panel.

IF . . . THEN . . .

the green status LED flashes, with no other LED indicators on,

wait for the tape to eject (normally takes from 2 to 3 minutes).

• If the tape ejects, and the green status LED stops flashing, the problem has been resolved.

• If the tape does not eject, and there are no other LED indications, contact Technical Support to resolve the possible problem with the tape drive.

you see a message similar to:

You cannot eject the cartridge because the tape drive is in use. Wait until the operation is complete before ejecting the cartridge. The backup software may still have the tape drive in prevent mode so that the cartridge cannot be ejected. Use the backup software commands to eject the tape.

use the mt offline command to eject the tape.

Note: In UNIX/Linux

environments, the message may not appear, even though the operating system prevents the drive from ejecting the tape. Use the

mt offline command

anyway.

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 50

Slow Backup Operations 6

Many factors can make backups appear to be slow. To achieve the highest possible transfer rate, the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive:

• MUST be attached to a SAS controller capable of a minimum of 80 Mbytes per sec., and

• MUST NOT share the same SAS bus as another active SAS device such as hard drives.

Failed Operations TapeAlert Messages 6

The LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive supports the TapeAlert standard, and issues the appropriate alert messages in response to operational error conditions. You can view TapeAlert messages either directly, on the system screen, or in the log file of your backup application. Note, however, that some operational error conditions can cause more than one TapeAlert message.

The following subsections provide troubleshooting guidelines for dealing with the most common TapeAlert error conditions.

Backup Failure TapeAlert Messages

A number of problems can cause a backup operation to fail.

the amber status

LED flashes to

indicate a hardware error,

the cartridge might be physically jammed inside the drive. Contact Technical Support to resolve the possible problem with the tape drive.

This TapeAlert message . . . Signifies . . .

The operation has stopped because an error has occurred while reading or writing data which the drive cannot correct.

that a media error occurred during a read or write operation.

Proceed to step 1 of the following procedure.

IF . . . THEN . . .

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 51

1 Retry the backup operation if you make any changes to the SAS

cabling, or if you unplug and reconnect any SAS cables.

2 If the problem persists, remove the data tape, insert a cleaning

cartridge to clean the tape drive (see Cleaning the Tape Drive

page 18).

3 After the tape drive ejects the cleaning cartridge, reload the data tape

and retry the backup operation.

4 If the problem persists, use the tape diagnostic software to perform a

write/read test with 4 Gbytes of data.

The tape is from a faulty batch or the tape drive is faulty.

or:

The tape is damaged or the drive is faulty. Call the tape drive supplier helpline.

that a media error occurred during a read or write operation.

These messages frequently appear in addition to the “

The

operation has stopped because...

” message. In this case, proceed to step 1 of the following procedure.

Otherwise, repeat the backup operation with a known good tape and proceed to step 1 of the following procedure if the problem persists.

Caution: The write/read test will overwrite any data on the

tape. Always use a new/blank or “scratch” cartridge for diagnostic write/read tests.

This TapeAlert message . . . Signifies . . .

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 52

5 Retry the backup operation. If the backup retry:

• Succeeds, the problem is resolved.

• Fails, contact Technical Support to resolve the possible problem with the tape drive.

IF the diagnostic test . . . THEN . . .

completes normally, retry the backup operation

using the same new/blank or “scratch” tape that you used for the diagnostic write/read test.

If the backup retry:

• Succeeds, discard the original data tape. The problem is resolved.

• Fails, repeat steps 3 and 4 of this procedure to clean the tape drive a second time and proceed to step 6.

fails, repeat steps 3 and 4 of this

procedure to clean the tape drive a second time and proceed to step 5.

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 53

Write-Protected TapeAlert Messages 6

Write-protected TapeAlert messages can appear in response to:

• Actual write-protected tape cartridges

• Defective tape cartridges

• Cartridges of a type that appear to be write protected

This TapeAlert message . . . Signifies . . .

You are trying to write to a writeprotected cartridge. Remove the write-protection or use another tape.

that you are trying to write to a tape cartridge that is actually write protected.

1 Eject the tape cartridge

from the drive.

2 Set the cartridge write-

protect switch to the unlocked (read-enabled) position (see figure 6

page 17).

3 Retry the backup operation.

The memory in the tape cartridge has failed, which reduces performance. Do not use the cartridge for further backup operations.

and/or:

You have loaded a cartridge of a type that is read-only in this drive. The cartridge will appear as writeprotected.

you are trying to write to a tape cartridge that is either defective (failed Cartridge Memory chip), or the wrong type.

Retry the backup operation using a known good cartridge of the proper type.

If the problem persists, contact Technical Support to resolve the possible problem with the tape drive.

Overwrite protection is set to <setting>. Click OK to overwrite the media or insert new media that can be overwritten.

a software-related problem.

Refer to the documentation for your backup software for information on the overwrite and append settings.

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 54

Hardware Failure TapeAlert Messages 6

Hardware failure TapeAlert messages are descriptive and straightforward.

1 Press the cartridge eject button on the front panel to eject the tape

cartridge.

2 Cycle the tape drive power to the off then on position:

For the internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive:

a Terminate all running applications. b Shut down the workstation or server system. c Restart the system.

For the tabletop LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive, use the AC power on/off switch on the back panel to cycle the drive power to the off then on position.

This TapeAlert message . . . Signifies . . .

The tape drive has a hardware fault:

1. Eject the tape or magazine.

2. Reset the drive.

3. Restart the operation.

Or:

The tape drive has a hardware fault:

1. Turn the tape drive off and then on again.

2. Restart the operation.

3. If the problem persists, call the tape drive supplier helpline.

a tape drive hardware failure.

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 55

3 Check the tape drive front panel LED indicators to determine the

operational condition of the drive (see table 2

on page 14).

Tape Cleaning TapeAlert Messages

Tape cleaning TapeAlert messages indicate problems when you insert a cleaning cartridge into the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive. Like hardware failure TapeAlert messages, tape cleaning TapeAlert messages are descriptive and straightforward.

This LED indication . . . Signifies . . .

• Green status LED on steady

and:

• All others off

the normal operational configuration. The problem is resolved.

• Amber status LED flashing a hardware failure condition.

Contact Technical Support to resolve the possible problem with the tape drive.

•Amber status

LED flashing

and:

• Seven-segment LED displaying a number

a failed Power On Self Test function.

Contact Technical Support to resolve the possible problem with the tape drive.

This TapeAlert message . . . Signifies . . .

The last cleaning cartridge used in the tape drive has worn out:

1. Discard the worn out cleaning cartridge.

2. Wait for the current operation to finish.

3. Then use a new cleaning cartridge.

that the cleaning cartridge is used up. Discard it.

See Cleaning the Tape Drive

on page 18 and use a new or still functional LTO cleaning cartridge to clean the tape drive.

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LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 56

The last cleaning cartridge used in the tape drive was an invalid type:

1. Do not use this cleaning cartridge in this drive.

2. Wait for the current operation to finish.

3. Then use a valid cleaning cartridge.

the tape drive does not recognize the cleaning tape as being of a valid type.

See Cleaning the Tape Drive

on page 18 and use a valid LTO-type cleaning cartridge to clean the tape drive.

The tape drive needs cleaning:

1. If the operation has stopped, eject the tape and clean the drive.

2. If the operation has not stopped, wait for it to finish and then clean the drive.

3. Check the tape drive users manual for device specific cleaning instructions.

the tape drive has issued a message to the backup software to instruct you to clean the tape drive.

See Cleaning the Tape Drive

on page 18.

This TapeAlert message . . . Signifies . . .

Page 68

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 57

Appendix A

AInstallation Checklists

Use the following quick-start checklists to get your tape drive up and running as quickly as possible:

• Internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive Quick Start

Page 69

Appendix A Installation Checklists

Internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive Quick Start

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 58

Internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive Quick Start

Use the following quick-start procedure to install the internal LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive. Print this page and check each step as you complete it. If you need more information about a step, see the subsection referenced in the step.



1 Unpack the contents of your drive package, and check for damaged items.

See Unpacking and Inspecting the Drive

on page 7.



2 Turn off your computer, remove its covers and power cable, and select a mounting

bay for the drive.

See Mounting the Internal Tape Drive

on page 8.



3 Connect a serial-attached SCSI (SAS) interface cable to the drive.

See Connecting the Internal Drive Interface and DC Power Cables

on page 10.



4 Connect a serial cable, if installing the tape drive in a tape library system.

See Connecting the Internal Drive Interface and DC Power Cables

on page 10.



5 Connect a DC power cable to the drive.

See Connecting the Internal Drive Interface and DC Power Cables

on page 10.



6 Replace the computer covers and AC power cable, turn on the computer, and

verify that the internal tape drive is operating properly.

Page 70

Appendix A Installation Checklists

Tabletop LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive Quick Start

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 59

Tabletop LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive Quick Start

Use the following quick-start procedure to install tabletop LTO-4 HalfHeight Tape Drive. Print this page and check each step as you complete it. If you need more information about a step, see the subsection referenced in the step.



1 Unpack the contents of your drive package, and check for damaged items.

See Unpacking and Inspecting the Drive

on page 7.



2 Connect a serial-attached SCSI (SAS) interface cable to the drive..



3 • Turn on the computer

• Turn on the tabletop tape drive

• Verify that the tabletop tape drive is operating properly.

Page 71

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 60

Appendix B

BDisposal of Electrical & Electronic

Equipment

This symbol on the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive or on its packaging indicates that the tape drive should not be disposed of with your other waste materials. Instead, it should be submitted to a designated collection point for the recycling of electrical and electronic equipment. The separate collection and recycling of your waste equipment at the time of disposal helps conserve natural resources and ensures that the equipment is

recycled in a manner that protects human health and the environment.

For more information about properly disposing of your waste equipment for recycling, please contact your local government authority, your household waste disposal service, or the business from which you purchased the product.

Page 72

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 61

Appendix C

CRegulatory Compliances

This appendix identifies the he LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive regulatory compliances. The topics include:

• Safety Compliances

• Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Compliances on page 63

Page 73

Appendix C Regulatory Compliances

Safety Compliances

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 62

Safety Compliances

The LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drives are safety compliant with the following regulatory codes in the countries indicated:

Country Regulatory Organization Compliant to:

Canada Canadian Standards Association

(CSA)

UL/CSA 60950-1

EU member nations Comité Europèen de Normalisation

Electrotechnique – the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC)

EN 60950-1, 1st edition

IECEE member nations*

International Electrotechnical Commission on Electrical Equipment (IECEE) for Mutual Recognition of Test Certificates for Electrical Equipment “CB Scheme”

CB Scheme per IEC 60950-1 with details and exceptions for each member country

Israel SII CB Scheme

Taiwan BSMI BSMI certification,

CNS 14336

United States Underwriters Laboratories (UL) UL/CSA 60950-1

* IECEE member nations include: Argentina, Austria, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China (PR), Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, (South) Korea, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russian Federation, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain,

Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, and USA.

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Appendix C Regulatory Compliances

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Compliances

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 63

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Compliances

The LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drives are EMC compliant with the following regulatory organizations and codes in the countries indicated:

Country Regulatory Organization Compliant to:

Australia Australian Communications and

Media Authority (ACMA)

AS/NZS 3548 (same as CISPR 22)

Canada Industry Canada Digital Apparatus

- Interference-Causing Equipment Standard (ICES-003)

ICES-003 Digital Apparatus

EU member nations CE Emissions per CISPR

22, EN55022 and Immunity per CISPR 24, EN55024

Israel SII CISPR 22 and CISPR 24

Japan Voluntary Control Council for

Interface (VCCI)

VCCI

New Zealand Australian Communications and

Media Authority (ACMA)

AS/NZS 3548 (same as CISPR 22)

South Korea MIC CISPR 22 and CISPR 24

Taiwan Bureau of Commodity Inspection

and Quarantine (BSMI)

BSMI EMC certification, CNS 14338

United States Federal Communications

Commission (FCC)

Title 47: Code of Federal Regulations, Part 15, Subpart B (47CFR15B)

Page 75

Appendix C Regulatory Compliances

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Compliances

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 64

Also consider the following safety points:

• Install the drive in an enclosure that limits the user’s access to live parts, gives adequate system stability and provides the necessary grounding for the drive.

• Provide the correct voltages (+5 VDC and +12 VDC) based on the regulation applied—Extra Low Voltage (SEC) for UL and CSA, and Safety Extra Low Voltage for BSI and VDE (if applicable).

Note: Use the LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive only in equipment

where the combination has been determined to be suitable by an appropriate certification organization (for example, Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or the Canadian Standards Association in North America).

Page 76

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 65

Index

B backup/restore problems 50 best practices 38 C cartridge memory, description

cartridges

care and maintenance 17 ejecting 16 loading 16 specifications 37 troubleshooting 46 unloading 16

write-protecting 16 cautions, internal drives 6 chassis, description 3 D data buffer 23 data buffering, description 3 data compression

considerations 26

description 3

intelligent 27 data integrity 23

error-correction code 24 servo-tracking faults 25

data transfer rate

description 3

variable-speed 4 drive performance specifications 33 E ejecting a cartridge 16 environmental requirements

error-correction code 24 F features

front panel display 13 G guidelines, handling and installation 6 H handling precautions 6 head positioner, description 3 I injected noise

inspecting the drive 7

installation guidelines 7 installation instructions

internal drives 8 preinstallation require-

ments 7 installing the LTO driver 12 intelligent data compression

description 3 interface, description 3 internal drives

guidelines and cautions

installation instructions 8

mounting 8

quick-start checklist 58 L layout of track 21 loading a cartridge 16 LSI circuitry, description 3 M mean time between failures 37 method of recording 23 mounting, internal drives 8

Page 77

Index

LTO-4 Half-Height Tape Drive User’s Guide 66

N native data transfer rate, description 3 O overview 1 P physical specifications

platforms, supported 3 power specifications 32 preinstallation requirements 7 Q quick-start checklist

internal drives 58

tabletop drives 59 R read channel, description 3 recording method 23 regulatory compliance 61 reliability 36 RISC processor, description 3 S servo-tracking faults 25 slow backups 50 SmartVeirfy, description 3 specifications

drive performance 33

environmental require-

ments

injected noise 36

LTO cartridge 37

mean time between failu-

res

physical 30

power 32

regulatory compliance 61

reliability 36 supported platforms 3

T tabletop drives

quick-start checklist 59

tape drive

troubleshooting 46 tape picking, description 3 TapeAlert

description

messages 54 track layout 21 troubleshooting 39

backup/restore problems

computer boots but does

not recognize tape

drive 40 slow backups 50 tape drive not recognized

by operating sy-

stem or appli-

cation 45 tape drives and cartridges

tape will not eject from

drive

TapeAlert messages 54

U unloading a cartridge

unpacking the drive 7 V variable-speed data transfer, description 4 W write-protecting a cartridge 16

Page 78

Information on this document

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This document from the document archive refers to a product version which was released a considerable time ago or which is no longer marketed.

Please note that all company references and copyrights in this document have been legally transferred to Fujitsu Technology Solutions.

Contact and support addresses will now be offered by Fujitsu Technology Solutions and have the format …@ts.fujitsu.com.

The Internet pages of Fujitsu Technology Solutions are available at

http://ts.fujitsu.com/...

and the user documentation at http://manuals.ts.fujitsu.com.

Hinweise zum vorliegenden Dokument

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