TEMPUS-3D
The Time-Frequency-Amplitude
Microscope
Version 1.01
™
FRYE ELECTRONICS, INC.
P.O. Box 23391 • Tigard, OR 97281-3391 • USA
(503) 620-2722 • (800) 547-8209
Fax: (503) 639-0128
FRYE
© 2000 by Frye Electronics, Inc. All rights reserved 4/00
http://www.frye.com • e-mail: general@frye.com
Contents
Description ........................................................................................................... 1
Computer Requirements ...................................................................................... 1
Installation ........................................................................................................... 1
Getting Started ..................................................................................................... 2
User Interface ....................................................................................................... 2
Using TEMPUS..................................................................................................... 2
TEMPUS Commands ........................................................................................... 3
Toolbar Commands .............................................................................................. 3
A Step-by-step Guide to TEMPUS ....................................................................... 3
Using TEMPUS-3D ............................................................................................... 4
TEMPUS-3D Commands ...................................................................................... 4
Toolbar Commands .............................................................................................. 5
Keyboard Commands ........................................................................................... 5
A Step-by-step Guide to Using TEMPUS-3D ...................................................... 6
Storage of Analysis Files ...................................................................................... 6
Slicing the analysis display object. ..................................................................... 7
Analysis of Different Parts of the Sampled Data Set ........................................... 7
Tempus-3D
Description
The world, as we know it through our
senses, is constantly changing. Unfortunately, the world that we measure through
analysis is steady state. With few exceptions, the tools we use to analyze the world
assume that the data being analyzed will
repeat in a regular fashion.
The Tempus software program is a step
toward true, high-definition time/frequency
analysis. It collects data by sampling, and
analyzes it by subjecting the data to
searches with a series of mathematical
filters scaled for frequency and temporally
shifted, or translated in time, across the
sampled data. The Tempus program analyzes sound falling within a selected window (typically 60 milliseconds wide), but
the analyzing filters have actually extend in
time before and after the analysis window,
giving the window “skirts.” Data from the
“skirts” contribute to the final results of the
analysis, particularly in the low frequencies. This approach is different from that of
the Fourier Transform, which only analyzes
the data points in the window. It also makes
possible the seamless analysis of a series of
sample windows, one placed immediately
after the other, with no loss in information.
Display of the results of the analysis is also
important, and it is here that the Tempus
program really shines. It is possible to
display the data, in full color, as a three
dimensional object that can be rotated in
space. The object can be drawn as a wire
frame object or as a complex surface.
With the new Tempus software, it is possible to look at sound and see how the
amplitude, frequency, and time relate to
each other.
Computer Requirements
The Tempus software is designed to run
with Microsoft Windows
as its platform. You must have at least a 486
chip, though it is recommended you run
the program on a computer with a Pentium
chip with MMX. With this software, the
faster the computer, the better. You will
need at least 16 Megabytes of RAM—
though 32 is preferable—and 10 Megabytes
of free hard disk space. Your system needs
to be equipped with a sound card, and a
graphics accelerator designed for openGL is
highly recommended. Sixteen or 32 bit
color gives the best images, but 256 colors
will also work. The computer also needs to
be set to 800 x 600 resolution minimum
and small fonts.
®
95, 98 or NT 4.0
Installation
Installing Tempus on your computer is easy.
Close all applications except possibly the
Windows Explorer. Before inserting disk 1,
note the serial number on the label. You
will need to enter this number while the
disk is in the drive. Insert disk 1 into the
drive. Either go to Run in the startup menu
and type in ‘A:\setup.exe’ or open the
‘setup.exe’ file from Windows Explorer.
After this step the installation wizard will
walk you through the rest of the process.
You will be asked to input the serial number from disk 1. When the icons for the
program have been generated, they can be
moved to your desktop with the mouse.
Click on the TEMPUS icon, hold the left
button down and slide the icon to the place
on your desktop where you want it to be.
Close the small (now empty) startup window by clicking on its “X”.
®
® Windows is a registered trademark of the Microsoft
Corporation
® Pentium is registered trademark of Intel Corporation
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Tempus-3D
Getting Started
Once the Tempus program is installed on
your computer, the two portions of the
program need to be set up to run together.
The Tempus program really consists of two
programs; the TEMPUS portion does the
analysis and the TEMPUS-3D portion does
the graphical display. (Throughout this
manual Tempus refers to the program in its
entirety, TEMPUS refers to the portion of
the program that does the analysis and
TEMPUS-3D refers to the graphical display
part of the program.) These two programs
are automatically linked at startup. If
changes are made to the locations of the
two programs, then they will need to be
linked in order for the program as a whole
to function properly.
User Interface
The Tempus program user interface is
organized to be consistent with the Windows platform. In TEMPUS, the top of the
screen has the familiar menu bar and
toolbar. TEMPUS-3D has a menu bar and
the option of displaying a toolbar, a dialogue bar, and a status bar.
The TEMPUS menu bar consists of the File
Menu, the Options Menu, and the Help
Menu. The toolbar contains shortcut buttons for the most common selections from
the file menu and the links to the TEMPUS3D portion of the program—the graphical
display.
The TEMPUS-3D menu bar includes a the
File menu, a View menu (for displaying or
hiding the different bars), and a Help menu.
The Toolbar is standard, containing shortcut buttons for common functions. The
Dialogue bar contains buttons that execute
various commands that manipulate the
three-dimensional display. These commands will be covered in detail later in this
text. The Status Bar notes the channel being
displayed, the sampling rate of the signal
being examined, and the octave used to
analyze the signal.
Using TEMPUS
Tempus uses the popular .WAV file as a
source of data. It allows the user to choose
from three bandwidths: 1/12 th octave, 1/6
th octave, and 1/3 rd octave. These choices
let the user determine whether the results
will have high definition in frequency (1/12
th octave), high definition in time (1/3 rd
octave), or a balance between the two (1/6
th octave). The TEMPUS programs are
designed so that the different analysis
bandwidths can be compared with each
other by retaining the same analysis window widths, regardless of the bandwidth
chosen.
This program can analyze signals with
sampling rates from 8 kHz up to more than
44 kHz. If the sampling rate of a signal is
less then 8 kHz, the program will return an
error when you click on the analyze button.
Also note that the bandwidth and time
window are set automatically as different
sampling rates are used for the .WAV file.
Sampling Maximum Window
Rate Analysis Freq. Width
8 to 16 KHz 4 KHz 240 mS
16 to 32 KHz 8 KHz 120 mS
above 32 KHz 16 KHz 60 mS
Tempus can handle both single and dual
channel data files. Single channel data will
always be displayed in channel A, and dual
channel data will be split between channel
A and channel B. Channel A is located in
the field at the upper half of the screen, and
channel B in the field at the lower half of
the screen.
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Tempus-3D
TEMPUS Commands
Most of the commands available in TEMPUS are activated through buttons located
at the bottom of each channel field, although some are found on the toolbar at the
top of the screen. Below is a list of the
command buttons in the TEMPUS screen
and a description of what they do.
• The left mouse button will display a set of
dotted lines that show the position of the
filters on the set of data.
• The right mouse button is used to select
the beginning of the part of the time window that is to be analyzed. When a time
window is selected, try to make the skirts of
the window fall in the sampled data stream.
Toolbar Commands
• Open file icon—Opens a new file •
Channel A display icon—Displays the
results of the analysis done on channel A in
three dimensions and full color. • Channel
B display icon—Displays the results of the
analysis done on channel B in three dimensions and full color
• Play Inner—Plays the data in the darkened area of the analysis window (the data
that will be presented in the graphical
display).
• Position Window—Just to the right of the
word “Tweak,” this window displays where,
in the duration of the signal, the analysis
window is located.
• Tweak—The arrow buttons to the right of
the position window will move the position
of the data analysis window by a small
amount. The increment of movement can
be manipulated in the Options menu. Click
on “Settings” and then go to “General” to
adjust the Tweak setting. Tweak can be
useful if there is a slight time shift between
the two channels that needs to be equalized.
• Time Scale Window—Displays the current time scale (range between 20 and 5000
milliseconds).
• Up and down buttons—Located to the
right of the time scale window, these buttons adjust the time scale.
Channel Commands
• Third—Selects the 1/3 rd octave analysis.
• Sixth—Selects the 1/6 th octave analysis
• Twelfth—Selects the 1/12 th octave
analysis
• Analyze—Performs the selected analysis
of the signal
• Play All—Plays the entire wave file to the
sound card audio output.
• Play Outer—Plays the data within the
total analysis window
A Step-by-step Guide to TEMPUS
This section of the manual will walk you
through the usage of the TEMPUS portion
of the Tempus program.
1. Begin by opening the Tempus program.
The TEMPUS screen is the opening screen.
2. Click on the Open File icon, and choose a
.WAV file
3. Once the file is loaded, you will see the
pattern of the wave file as it changes in
time in channel A if it is a single signal, and
in both channels if it is a dual signal.
4. Select a section of the signal for analysis
by clicking on the screen with the right
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Tempus-3D
mouse button. This program is most striking when you choose a portion of the signal
that looks interesting. When you click on
the signal with the right mouse button, a 60
millisecond portion of the screen is shaded
(if the sampling rate is above 32 KHz). The
analysis will be done on that part of the
signal. To either side of the shaded section,
is a single dark line. Those are the filtering
lines; everything within those lines contributes to the analysis of the signal.
5. There are three different ways you can
listen to the signal. Clicking on the Play
button will play back the entire file, clicking on the Play Outer button will play
everything within the two dark lines, and
clicking on the Play Inner button will play
just the shaded part of the signal. When you
click Play Inner you will hear only what
you are analyzing.
6. If you want to adjust the position of the
analysis window, click on the tweak arrows.
Doing so will move the position of the
analysis window only in the channel that
the tweak buttons are active in. If you are
using automatic alignment, it will no longer
apply.
7. Choose which analysis you would like to
do— 1/3rd octave, 1/6th octave, or 1/12th
octave.
8. Click on the analyze button. The mouse
arrow will turn into an hourglass. Once it
turns back into an arrow, the analysis is
complete.
Using TEMPUS-3D
TEMPUS-3D displays the data analyzed by
TEMPUS in full color and three dimensions. The entire range of amplitudes
present in the analyzed data is scaled along
the full spectrum of color— the lowest
amplitudes in blue, the highest extending
into red. The three axes of the object provide scales for the time, amplitude and
frequency. The time is scaled on along the
x-axis, the amplitude along the y, and the
frequency along the z. You can display the
data as a wireframe object or as a complex
surface. The three-dimensional object can
be rotated in space, it can be enlarged or
reduced, and the “light source” that highlights the contours of the object can be
moved.
The analysis is scaled so that an integer
value of 100 peak for a sinusoidal wave at
the mid frequency of a filter band in the
.wav file is scaled as 0 dB. The analysis is
in decibels related to the 0 dB level. The
analysis is done in amplitudes; phase is not
used.
A second, related window is displayed with
the color bar and its color calibration. It
should be noted that the color calibration
follows the limits or clipping windows on
the toolbar. When initially shown the top
limit is set to the highest point on the
graphed object. The lower limit is set 50 dB
below the upper limit. These limits can be
changed as desired, the color bar following
the change.
9. View the three dimensional display by
clicking on the appropriate channel display
icon on the toolbar. TEMPUS-3D will
automatically load and you will now be in
the TEMPUS-3D part of the program.
TEMPUS is still in memory, but in the
background.
TEMPUS-3D Commands
Most of the commands available in TEMPUS-3D are activated through buttons on
the Dialogue bar, although some are found
on the toolbar. TEMPUS-3D also has several
keyboard activated commands that are very
useful. Below is a list of the commands
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Tempus-3D
used in the TEMPUS-3D and a description
of what they do.
• Left mouse click plus “Shift” key moves
the origin of the graph.
• Left mouse click on the graph window
near the object will draw a vertical line that
represents the position of a “slice” graph
that can be created. See below in the keyboard section and the use of the “S” key..
Toolbar Commands
• Open File Icon—Opens T3D files
• Help Icon—Accesses the Help Contents
Dialogue Bar Commands
• x-axis rotation—This command window
is one of three similar windows located at
the left of the screen. This window controls
the rotation of the x-axis (the time axis).
The number in the window denotes, in
degrees, how far the object has rotated from
zero. It can be used one of two ways. You
can click on the up/down arrow keys immediately to the right of the window, or you
can position the cursor in the window and
type in a number.
refresh the screen.
• Reset—This button resets all three axes
to zero.
• Surface/Wireframe—The object can be
displayed as a complex surface or as a
wireframe. Whichever one you are currently using, the opposite name will appear
on this button. Click this button to switch
between the two.
• Plus (+) and minus (–) —These two
buttons enlarge and reduce the object,
respectively.
• Top Clipping/Bottom Clipping—If you are
particularly interested in a specific range of
amplitudes, you can limit the range displayed by adjusting the top clipping and
bottom clipping. Both of these control
windows can be adjusted either by clicking
on the arrows immediately to the right of
each window, or by positioning the cursor
in the window and entering a value using
the keyboard. When a range is shortened by
use of the clip levels, the color range is also
rescaled to fit between the two chosen
levels.
• y-axis rotation—This command window
works the same as the x-axis rotation, but it
pertains to the y-axis (amplitude axis).
• z-axis rotation—Same as the two above,
but this one shows how far the z-axis
(frequency axis) has rotated.
• Refresh—When you change the x-, y-, and
z-axis rotations in the command windows,
or when you adjust the clipping (explained
below), you must do one of three things
before the changes will be implemented.
Pressing the keyboard’s RETURN key,
clicking on the graph part of the window or
clicking on the REFRESH button will
Keyboard Commands
• Up arrow ( ↑ )—Rotates the object on the
x-axis ten degrees in the clockwise (negative) direction
• Down arrow ( ↓ )—Rotates on the x-axis
ten degrees in the counter clockwise (positive) direction
• Left arrow (←)—Rotates on the y-axis ten
degrees in the clockwise (negative) direction.
• Right arrow (→)—Rotates on the y-axis
ten degrees in the counter clockwise (positive) direction.
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Tempus-3D
• Page Up—Rotates on the z-axis ten degrees in the clockwise (negative) direction
• Page Down—Rotates on the z-axis ten
degrees in the counter clockwise (positive)
direction
• Plus (+) key on the number pad—Enlarges the object
• Minus (–) key on the number pad—
Reduces the object
• “L” key—Moves the light source to the left
• “R” key—Moves the light source to the
right
• “U” key—Moves the light source up,
toward the top of the screen
• “D” key—Moves the light source down,
toward the bottom of the screen
• “F” key—Moves the light source farther
away from the object
• “N” key—Moves the light source nearer to
the object
• “S” key—Create a new window with a 2D
graph slice of the 3D object. A new window
appears with the object sliced along the line
of the slice line. The time position of the
slice is also marked on the graph. The color
used in the 2D graph will correspond to the
object’s color bar.
A Step-by-step Guide to Using TEMPUS-3D
1. Once TEMPUS-3D has displayed the
analysis in the form of a spectrogram, look
for the axes. The frequency axis (z-axis)
runs vertical along the screen, the time axis
(x-axis) runs horizontal, and the amplitude
axis (y-axis) runs perpendicular to the
screen (this is sometimes described as
coming out of the screen).
2. Once you’ve oriented yourself to the
axes, play with the rotation using the
keyboard commands.
3. Click on the surface/wireframe button to
switch the appearance of the display between a wireframe and a complex surface.
4. Then use the axis rotation command
windows to refine the position.
5. Use the plus and minus keys on the
keyboard number pad or the buttons on the
dialogue bar to make the object the desired
size.
6. To reposition the object on the screen,
press the Shift key and hold it down while
you click the left mouse button where you
would like the object to be located on the
screen.
7. If you want to limit the range of the
amplitudes, you can do so with the top and
bottom clipping command windows.
8. You can adjust the “light source” to
accent the contours of the object in a different way by using the L, R, U, D, N, and F
keys
Once TEMPUS has analyzed the data, and
you have clicked on one of the Display
Channel icons, Tempus will automatically
take you into TEMPUS-3D. In TEMPUS-3D,
you can view a three-dimensional picture of
sound from any angle. The following steps
will give you an idea of how to manipulate
the graphical display.
Storage of Analysis Files
If an analysis yields a result that the operator wishes to save, then use the Windows
Explorer to locate the .T3D file
(Output1.t3d for channel 1) and rename it
as another file. This file will reside in the
directory of the .WAV file that was used in
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Tempus-3D
the analysis. If the file is not renamed it
will be overwritten when the TEMPUS
program is used to make an additional
analysis for that channel and that directory.
Of course, if the file is lost, it is usually a
fairly simple process to redo the analysis
and recreate the file.
Slicing the analysis display object.
Many times interesting features appear in
the display object that contain frequency
components worth looking at. With Tempus-3D, a slice can easily be made of the
object at a point in time. Use the mouse and
position the cursor near the point where the
feature is seen. Click the left mouse button
and a vertical line will appear. It is best to
operate slice while in the spectrogram
display because the line is drawn parallel to
the frequency axis above the time point of
the object (click on the RESET button). A
number will appear telling you the time
position of the slice when it is taken.
Analysis of Different Parts of the Sampled Data Set
When a certain part of the data set has been
analyzed and you want to make a change to
look for different effects, such as a change
in the analysis bandwidth, minimize but
don’t close the TEMPUS-3D window; you
will then be returned to the TEMPUS
analysis window. Make the additional
analysis and display it with a new copy of
the TEMPUS-3D program. You will need to
recall the TEMPUS-3D display program by
clicking on the program indicator at the
bottom of the screen. . If it is desired to
compare the original analysis with the new
one, use the Windows functions to cut the
window to half screen (a vertical partition
works best with the screens viewed side by
side). Then recover the original analysis,
cut it to half width and position it next to
the second analysis. A B comparisons are
then easily made.
Type “s.” A new window will appear with
the 2D graph representing the values of the
object data at the time of the slice. Resize
the window and move it in relation to the
main display window as needed. Other
slices can also be made of the object as
desired, the windows displayed simultaneously to show the frequency characteristics of the object at different points in time.
The color bar associated with the parent
display window carries the information of
the amplitudes of all of the 2D graphs as
well as that of the main object. The 2D
graphs also can be moved and resized
within their individual graph windows as
needed by use of the same key functions as
are used with the 3D object.
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