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M68HC12A4EVB
User Manual
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Freescale Semiconductor M68HC12A4EVB User Manual

Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
M68HC12A4EVBUM/D
October 1999
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EVALUATION BOARD
USER’S MANUAL
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For More Information On This Product,
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Important Notice to Users
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While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of all information in this document, Motorola assumes no liability to any party for any loss or damage caused by errors or omissions or by statements of any kind in this document, its updates, supplements, or special editions, whether such errors are omissions orstatementsresultingfromnegligence, accident, or any other cause.
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Motorola further assumes no liability arising out of the application or use of any information,product, or system described herein: nor any liability for incidental or consequential damages arising from the use of this document. Motorola disclaims all warranties regarding the information contained herein, whether
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expressed, implied, or statutory, including implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Motorola makes no
representation that the interconnection of products in the manner described herein will not infringe on existing or future patent rights, nor do the descriptions contained herein imply the granting or license to make, use or sell
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equipment constructed in accordance with this description.
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Trademarks
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This document includes these trademarks:
Motorola and the Motorola logo are registered trademarks of Motorola, Inc.
MCUez is a trademark of Motorola, Inc.
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© Motorola, Inc., 1999; All Rights Reserved
Apple, Macintosh, MacTerminal, and System 7 are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.
Windows and Windows 95 are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S. and other countries.
Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. Motorola, Inc., is an Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer.
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User’s Manual — M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board
Section 1. General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Section 2. Configuration and Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Section 3. Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Section 4. Hardware Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
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Appendix A. S-Record Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
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Appendix B. Communications Program Examples . . .123
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Appendix C. D-Bug12 Startup Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
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Appendix D. D-Bug12 Customization Data. . . . . . . . . .135
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Appendix E. Customizing the EPROMs . . . . . . . . . . . .141
Appendix F. SDI Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143
Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149
List of Sections
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List of Sections
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User’s Manual M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board — Rev. 1 4 List of Sections MOTOROLA
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User’s Manual — M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board
Section 1. General Information
1.1 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
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1.2 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
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1.3 General Description and Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.4 Performance Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.5 Functional Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.6 External Equipment Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
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1.7 EVB Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
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1.8 Typographic Conventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
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1.9 Customer Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
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Section 2. Configuration and Setup
2.1 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.2 Unpacking and Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.3 EVB Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
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2.4 EVB to Power Supply Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.5 EVB to Terminal Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.6 Terminal Communications Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.6.1 Communication Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.6.2 Dumb-Terminal Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.6.3 Host-Computer Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.6.4 Changing the Baud Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
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2.7 Using Fast External RAM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.7.1 Selecting and Replacing the RAM Chips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.7.2 Reprogramming the RAM Chip Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Section 3. Operation
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3.1 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.2 Startup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.3 Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.4 Program Abort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.5 Using D-Bug12 Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
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3.6 D-Bug12 Command Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
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ASM Assemble Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
BAUD Set Baud Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
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BF Block Fill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
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BR Breakpoint Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
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BULK Bulk Erase On-Chip EEPROM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
CALL Call Subroutine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
G Go Execute a User Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
GT Go Till . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
HELP Onscreen Help Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
LOAD Load S-Record File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
MD Memory Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
MDW Display Memory as 16-Bit Word . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
MM Memory Modify. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
MMW Modify 16-Bit Memory Word. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
MOVE Move Memory Block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
NOBR Remove Breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
RD Register Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
RM Register Modify. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
T Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
UPLOAD Display Memory in S-Record Format . . . . . . . . . 67
VERF Verify S-Record File Against Memory . . . . . . . . 68
<RegisterName> Modify Register Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
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3.7 Alternate Execution from EEPROM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
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3.8 Off-Board Code Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
3.9 Memory Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
3.9.1 Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
3.9.2 Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.10 Operational Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.10.1 On-Chip RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.10.2 SCI Port Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.10.3 Dedicated MCU Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.10.4 Terminal Communications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
4.1 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
4.2 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
4.3 Configuration Headers and Jumper Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
4.4 Power Input Circuitry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
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4.5 Terminal Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
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4.6 Microcontroller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
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4.7 Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
4.7.1 Memory Types and Sockets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
4.7.2 Chip Selects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
4.7.3 Glue Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4.8 Clock Circuitry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
4.9 Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
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4.10 Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
4.11 Low-Voltage Inhibit (LVI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4.12 Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4.13 Background Debug Mode (BDM) Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4.14 Prototype Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4.15 MCU Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
4.16 Schematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
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Appendix A. S-Record Format
A.1 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
A.2 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
A.3 S-Record Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
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A.4 S-Record Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
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A.5 S Record Creation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
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A.6 S-Record Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
A.6.1 S0 Header Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
A.6.2 First S1 Record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
A.6.3 S9 Termination Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
A.6.4 ASCII Characters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
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B.1 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
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B.2 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
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B.3 Procomm for DOS — IBM PC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
B.3.1 Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
B.3.2 S-Record Transfers to EVB Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
B.4 Kermit for DOS — IBM PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
B.4.1 Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
B.4.2 S-Record Transfers to EVB Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
B.5 Kermit — Sun Workstation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
B.5.1 Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
B.5.2 S-Record Transfers to EVB Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
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B.6 MacTerminal — Apple Macintosh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
B.6.1 Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
B.6.2 S-Record Transfers to EVB Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
B.7 Red Ryder — Apple Macintosh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
B.7.1 Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
B.7.2 S-Record Transfers to EVB Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
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Table of Contents
Appendix C. D-Bug12 Startup Code
Appendix D. D-Bug12 Customization Data
D.1 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
D.2 Customization Data Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
D.2.1 C Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
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D.2.2 Assembly Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
D.2.3 Initial User CPU Register Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
D.2.4 SysClk Field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
D.2.5 IOBase Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
D.2.6 SCIBaudRegVal Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
D.2.7 EEBase and EESize Fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
D.2.8 EEPROM Erase/Program Delay Function Pointer Field. . . . . . . 138
D.2.9 Auxiliary Command Table Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
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Appendix E. Customizing the EPROMs
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Appendix F. SDI Configuration
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Glossary
Index
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User’s Manual — M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board
Figure Title Page
1-1 EVB Layout and Component Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1-2 System Block Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
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2-1 EVB Power Connector J6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
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4-1 Memory Sockets Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
4-2 Chip Select Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
4-3 RAM/ROM Logic Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
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4-4 Prototype Area (Component Side View) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
4-5 MCU Connector J8 (Component-Side View). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
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4-6 MCU Connector J9 (Component-Side View). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
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M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board — Rev. 1 User’s Manual MOTOROLA List of Figures 11
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User’s Manual M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board — Rev. 1 12 List of Figures MOTOROLA
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User’s Manual — M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board
Table Title Page
1-1 EVB Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2-1 RS-232C Interface Cabling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2-2 Communication Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
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3-1 D-Bug12 Command-Set Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3-2 M68HC11 to CPU12 Instruction Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3-3 CPU12 Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
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3-5 Factory-Configuration Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
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4-1 Jumper-Selectable Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
4-2 CPU Mode Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4-3 EVB Memories Supplied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
4-4 BDM Connector J5 Pin Assignments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4-5 MCU Connector J8 Pin Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
4-6 MCU Connector J9 Pin Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
A-1 S-Record Fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
A-2 S-Record Field Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
A-3 S-Record Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
A-4 S0 Header Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
A-5 S1 Header Record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
A-6 S9 Header Record. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
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E-1 Physical EPROM Addresses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
F-1 SDI Memory Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board — Rev. 1 User’s Manual MOTOROLA List of Tables 13
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List of Tables
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User’s Manual M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board — Rev. 1 14 List of Tables MOTOROLA
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User’s Manual — M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board
1.1 Contents
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1.2 Introduction
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Section 1. General Information
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1.2 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.3 General Description and Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.4 Performance Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
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1.5 Functional Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.6 External Equipment Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
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1.7 EVB Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
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1.9 Customer Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
A
This user’s manual provides the necessary information for using the M68HC12A4EVB evaluation board (EVB), an evaluation, debugging, and code-generation tool for the MC68HC812A4 microcontroller units (MCU).
Reference items, such as schematic diagrams and parts lists, are shipped as part of the EVB package.
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1.3 General Description and Features
The EVB is an economical tool for designing and debugging code for and evaluating the operation of the M68HC12 MCU Family. By providing the essential MCU timing and input/output (I/O) circuitry, the EVB simplifies user evaluation of prototype hardware and software.
M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board — Rev. 1 User’s Manual MOTOROLA General Information 15
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General Information
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The board consists of an 8-inch by 8-inch multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB) that provides the platform for interface and power connections to the MC68HC812A4 MCU chip, which is installed in a production socket.
Figure 1-1 shows the EVB’s layout and locations of the major components, as
viewed from the component side of the board. The block diagram in Figure 1-2 depicts the logical relationships and
interconnections within the EVB and with external equipment. Hardware features of the EVB include:
• Power, ground, and four signal planes
• Single-supply +3- to +5-Vdc power input (J6)
• Two RS-232C interfaces
• Two memory sockets populated with two 32-Kbyte x 8-bit EPROMs
• Two memory sockets populated with two 8-Kbyte x 8-bit SRAMs
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• Support for up to 1 MByte of program space and 512 Kbytes of data
• 16-MHz crystal-controlled clock oscillator (Y2) in a socket that can
• Headers for jumper selection of hardware options (for full details of the
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(U7 and U9A), containing the D-Bug12 monitor program
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(U4 and U6A)
space using optional memory configurations
accommodate optional 8- or 14-pin oscillator chips (XY2)
jumper settings, refer to Table 4-1): – Low-voltage inhibit (LVI) (W1) – RAM (random-access memory) write-protection (W3) – MCU chip selects for memory devices (W11)
User’s Manual M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board — Rev. 1 16 General Information MOTOROLA
– RAM function select (W12 and W13) – ROM (read-only memory) function select (W22, W24, W29, W32,
W33, and W36) – MCU mode control (W30, W34, and W42) – Alternate execution from on-chip EEPROM (W20) – Serial communications interface (SCI) configuration (W10, W14,
and W21)
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• Two 2-row x 30-pin header connectors for access to the MCU’s I/O and
• Prototype expansion area for customized interfacing with the MCU
• Low-profile reset (S1) and program-abort (S2) push-button switches
• LVI protection (U1)
• Light-emitting diode (LED) power-on indicator (DS1)
• Test points for ground connections around the board (E1, E2, E3, E12,
• 2-row x 3-pin header (J5) provides a connector for using background
• Phase-locked loop (PLL) biasing circuitry for altering the MCU’s
Firmware features include:
• D-Bug12 monitor/debugger program, resident in external EPROM
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• Full support for either dumb-terminal or host-computer terminal
• Single-line assembler/disassembler
• File transfer capability from a host computer, allowing off-board code
bus lines (J8 and J9)
E13, and E14)
debug development tools such as the serial debug interface (SDI)
timebase
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(erasable programmable read-only memory)
interface
generation
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General Information
General Description and Features
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M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board — Rev. 1 User’s Manual MOTOROLA General Information 17
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General Information
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Figure 1-1. EVB Layout and Component Placement
User’s Manual M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board — Rev. 1 18 General Information MOTOROLA
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PROTO-
TYPE AREA
EXTERNAL CLOCK
J8 / J9
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XTAL
XFC
/6
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VSS/6
PA [7:0] PB [7:0] PC [7:0] PD [7:0] PE [7:0]
PF [6:0] PG [5:0] PH [7:0]
PJ [7:0]
Y
PAD [7:0]
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BKGD
PS [7:0]
PT [7:0]
RESET
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MC68HC812A4
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ON-CHIP EEPROM
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RAM
112 PINS
TOTAL
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SCI1
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PA [7:0] PB [7:0] PC [7:0] PD [7:0] PE [6:0] PG [5:0]
PE2/RW
PE3/LSTRB
M68HC12A4EVB
RS-232C
TRANSCEIVER
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S2 – PROGRAM ABORT
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Figure 1-2. System Block Diagram
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EXTERNAL
ROM
AND RAM
General Information
Performance Notes
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TERMINAL
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J2
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POWER
J5
BDM INTERFACE
1.4 Performance Notes
The M68HC12A4EVB’s external RAM memory chips, U4 and U6A, were chosen to emphasize the EVB’s low-voltage and low-power operational capability over the range of +3.5 to +5.0 Vdc.
However, these parts are not fast enough to operate at the 16-MHz speed of the factory-supplied clock oscillator. To use them at this external clock speed, the D-Bug12 startup code programs the MCU’s RAM chip select to insert one wait state into each access of external RAM. Thus, when programs are run from
M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board — Rev. 1 User’s Manual MOTOROLA General Information 19
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General Information
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NOTE:
1.5 Functional Overview
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
external RAM, performance is approximately 40 percent slower than it would be if the RAM chips were fast enough to run without wait states. Typical software performance improvements of 80 to 95 percent can be realized with faster external RAM.
For high-speed performance, the factory-supplied RAM devices may be replaced with faster parts that allow programs to execute at the full external clock speed. Two steps are required for this:
1. Replace the RAM devices, U4 and U6A, with faster parts.
2. Modify the RAM chip select to eliminate the wait state (E-clock stretch).
Detailed instructions for these procedures are found in 2.7 Using Fast External
RAM.
Programsthat execute exclusively from theMCU’s on-chip RAM and EEPROM alwaysrun at the fullclock speed. No wait states are introduced when accessing these areas.
Table 3-5. Factory-Configuration Memory Map, the default memory map,
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The EVB is factory-configured to execute D-Bug12, the EPROM-resident monitor program, without further configuration by the user. It is ready for use with an RS-232C terminal for writing and debugging user code. Follow the setup instructions in Section 2. Configuration and Setup to prepare for operation.
Optionally, the EVB can accommodate various types and configurations of external memory to suit a particular application’s requirements. These custom configurations are made by installing the appropriate memory chips in the EVB’s memory sockets and by setting jumpers on the EVB to correctly establish the MC68HC812A4’s memory-access operations. Table 1-1 lists the allowable sizes and types of memory. For the correct jumper settings, refer to
4.3 Configuration Headers and Jumper Settings.
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User’s Manual M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board — Rev. 1 20 General Information MOTOROLA
The D-Bug12 operating instructions in this manual presume the factory-default memory configuration. Other configurations require different operating-software arrangements.
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NOTE:
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The MC68HC812A4’s two serial communications interface (SCI) ports are associated with separate RS-232C interfaces. D-Bug12 uses one of the SCIs for communications with the user terminal (jumper-selectable, SCI0 by default). The second SCI port is available for user applications. For information on the ports and their connectors, refer to 2.5 EVB to Terminal Connection and 4.5
Terminal Interface.
If the MCU’s single-wire background debug mode (BDM) interface serves as the user interface, both of the SCI ports become available for user applications. This mode requires a background debug development tool, such as Motorola’s serial debug interface (SDI), and a host computer with the appropriate interface software. For more information, refer to Appendix F. SDI Configuration and tothe Serial Debug Interface User’s Manual, Motoroladocument order number SDIUM/D.
D-Bug12 does not use the BDM interface.
Two methods may be used to generate EVB user code:
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• For small programs or subroutines, D-Bug12’s single-line
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• For larger programs, the Motorola MCUezassembler may be used on
The EVB features a prototype area, which allows custom interfacing with the MCU’s I/O and bus lines. These connections are broken out via headers J8 and J9, which are immediately adjacent to the prototype area as shown in
Figure 1-1.
General Information
Functional Overview
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assembler/disassembler may be used to place object code directly into the EVB’s memory.
a host computer to generate S-record object files, which then can be loaded into the EVB’s memory using D-Bug12’s LOAD command.
M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board — Rev. 1 User’s Manual MOTOROLA General Information 21
An on-board push-button switch, S1, provides for resetting the EVB hardware and restarting D-Bug12. Another on-board switch, S2, allows aborting the execution of a user program, useful in regaining control of a runaway program. Both of these switch functions are available for customized use in the prototype area.
The EVB can begin operation in either of two jumper-selectable (W20) modes at reset. In normal mode, D-Bug12 immediately issues its command prompt on the terminal display and waits for a user entry. In the alternate mode, execution
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General Information
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
begins directly with the user code in on-chip EEPROM. This hardware function is also available for customized use in the prototype area.
D-Bug12 allows programming of the MC68HC812A4’s on-chip EEPROM through commands that directly alter memory. For full details of all the commands, refer to 3.6 D-Bug12 Command Set.
Because the MCU must manage the EVB hardware and execute D-Bug12 in addition to serving as the user-application processor, there are a few restrictions on its use. For more information, refer to 3.10 Operational Limitations.
1.6 External Equipment Requirements
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NOTE:
In addition to the EVB, the following user-supplied external equipment is required:
• Power supply — See Table 1-1 for voltage and current requirements.
Table 1-1 indicates that EVB operation at +3.0 Vdc requires the slower clock
speed of 8 MHz. This limitation applies to programs (including the operating firmware, D-Bug12) that use external memory.
If an application program uses on-chip RAM and EEPROM exclusively — for
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• User terminal — Options:
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– RS-232C dumb terminal — Allows single-line on-board code
assembly and disassembly
– Host computer with RS-232C serial port — Allows off-board code
assembly that can be loaded into the EVB’s memory. Requires a user-supplied communications program capable of emulating a dumb terminal. Examples of acceptable communications programs are given in Appendix B. Communications Program Examples.
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• Power-supply and terminal interconnection cables as required
For full details of equipment setup, cabling, and special requirements, refer to
Section 2. Configuration and Setup.
User’s Manual M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board — Rev. 1 22 General Information MOTOROLA
– Host computer using the MCU’s BDM (background debug mode)
interface — Frees both of the MCU’s SCI ports for user applications. Requires a background debug development tool, such as the Motorola serial debug interface (SDI), and the appropriate interface software
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1.7 EVB Specifications
Table 1-1 lists the EVB specifications.
General Information
EVB Specifications
Table 1-1. EVB Specifications
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Characteristic Specifications
MCU MC68HC812A4 SRAM maximum memory:
Wide mode Narrow mode
ROM maximum memory:
EPROM:
Wide mode Narrow mode
EEPROM:
Wide mode
Narrow mode MCU I/O ports HCMOS compatible Background debug mode interface 2-row x 3-pin header Communications ports Two RS-232C DCE ports Power requirements:
16-MHz clock source 8-MHz clock source
Prototype area:
Area Holes
Board dimensions 8 inches x 8 inches
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64, 128, 256, 512, or 1024 Kbytes 32, 64, 128, 256, or 512 Kbytes
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64, 128, 256, or 512 Kbytes
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+3.5 to +5.0 Vdc @ 150 mA (max.), fuse-protected @ 1.5 A +3.0 to +5.0 Vdc @ 150 mA (max.), fuse-protected @ 1.5 A
2 inches x 8 inches, approximately 79 wide x 20 high (0.1-inch centers)
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M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board — Rev. 1 User’s Manual MOTOROLA General Information 23
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General Information
1.8 Typographic Conventions
This user’s manual uses special typographical conventions to enhance readability. They are:
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• Code, statements, confirmations, data entry, field text, parameters, and
• When arguments in code are italicized, they are placeholders for values
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• Window names and parts of windows are indicated in initial caps, unless
strings are indicated in regular Courier:
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$INCLUDE “INIT.AS”
This option displays an Exit Application confirmation message. This new filename replaces the [NONAME#1] in the title bar.
%FILE%
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to be entered by the user:
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appear onscreen. A typical example looks like this:
>
baud 9600 User’s entry
Change Terminal BR, D-Bug12’s response Press Return
> D-Bug12 prompt for next entry
the name of the window is capitalized in a unique way:
Memory and Code windows
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User’s Manual M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board — Rev. 1 24 General Information MOTOROLA
CASM08W window WinIDE main window
consistency, they will always appear in all capital letters:
SETUP.EXE MAP file
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• Buttons, icons, functions, and keyboard keys are indicated in small caps:
General Information
Customer Support
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1.9 Customer Support
Press the Type The
• Commands are not case sensitive. But for consistency, they will always appear in all capital letters, unless they contain some peculiarity:
INPUTx UNDO LOADMAP
• Menu names, options, and tabs, and dialog, edit, text, and lists boxes are indicated in Times bold:
Do this by checking the Main File option in the Environment Settings dialog’s General Options tab.
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To obtain information about technical support or ordering parts, call the Motorola help desk at 800-521-6274.
Select the filename in the File Name list, and use the filename in the Main filename edit box.
ENTER key.
CTRL + N or click on the NEW toolbar button.
RESET function is an input and output.
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General Information
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User’s Manual — M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board
2.1 Contents
2.2 Unpacking and Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
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2.3 EVB Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.4 EVB to Power Supply Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.5 EVB to Terminal Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.6 Terminal Communications Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.6.1 Communication Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.6.2 Dumb-Terminal Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.6.3 Host-Computer Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
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2.6.4 Changing the Baud Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
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2.7 Using Fast External RAM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.7.1 Selecting and Replacing the RAM Chips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.7.2 Reprogramming the RAM Chip Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.2 Unpacking and Preparation
Before beginning configuration and setup of the EVB:
1. Verify that these items are present in the EVB package:
Section 2. Configuration and Setup
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• M68HC12A4EVB board assembly
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M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board — Rev. 1 User’s Manual MOTOROLA Configuration and Setup 27
• Warranty and registration cards
• EVB schematic diagram and parts list
• M68HC12A4EVB User’s Manual
• MC68HC812A4 Technical Summary
• CPU12 Reference Manual
For More Information On This Product,
Go to: www.freescale.com
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Configuration and Setup
• MC68HC12 Family Brochure
• Using D-Bug12 Callable Routines
• Demo software
• Assembly language development toolset
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2.3 EVB Configuration
2. Remove the EVB from its anti-static shipping bag.
3. Carefully remove the protective case and conductive foam that cover the MCU and its socket during shipment.
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4. Save all packing materials for storing and shipping the EVB.
5. Inspect the alignment of the MCU’s pins within its socket. If it appears necessary to reseat the MCU:
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a. Press down on two opposite sides of the MCU socket.
b. Gently press the MCU chip into place.
c. Release the MCU socket.
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6. Verify that all other socketed parts are correctly seated.
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Becausethe EVB has been factory-configuredto operate withD-Bug12, it is not necessary to change any of the jumper settings to begin operating immediately.
Only one jumper (header W20) should be changed during the course of factory-default EVB operation with D-Bug12:
• Pins 2 and 3 jumpered (default) — Normal execution mode. D-Bug12 is executed from external EPROM upon reset. The D-Bug12 prompt appears immediately on the terminal display.
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• Pins 1 and 2 jumpered — Alternate execution mode. User code is
Other jumper settings affect the hardware setup and/or MCU operational modes. For an overview of all jumper-selectable functions, refer to 1.3 General
Description and Features. For details of the settings, see Table 4-1. Jumper-Selectable Functions.
User’s Manual M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board — Rev. 1 28 Configuration and Setup MOTOROLA
executedfrom on-chip EEPROMupon reset. For more information, refer to 3.7 Alternate Execution from EEPROM.
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2.4 EVB to Power Supply Connection
The EVB requires a user-provided external power supply. See Table 1-1. EVB
Specifications for the voltage and current specifications. For full details of the
EVB’s power-input circuitry, refer to 4.4 Power Input Circuitry.
Configuration and Setup
EVB to Power Supply Connection
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CAUTION:
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Although fuse protection is built into the EVB, a power supply with current-limiting capability is desirable. If this feature is available on the power
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supply, set it to 200 mA.
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Connect the external power supply to connector J6 on the EVB as shown in
Figure 2-1, using 20 AWG or smaller insulated wire. Strip each wire’s
insulation 1/4 inch from the end, lift the J6 contact lever to release tension on the contact, insert the bare end of the wire into J6, and close the lever to secure the wire. Observe the polarity carefully.
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Do not use wire larger than 20 AWG in connector J6. Larger wire could damage the connector.
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Figure 2-1. EVB Power Connector J6
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2.5 EVB to Terminal Connection
For factory-default operation, connect the terminal to J3 or J4 on the EVB, as shown in Table 2-1. This setup uses the MCU’s SCI port 0 (SCI0) and its associated RS-232C interface for communications with the terminal device.
To use SCI1 and the second RS-232C interface for the terminal, the EVB’s hardware setup must be modified. For details, refer to 4.5 Terminal Interface.
M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board — Rev. 1 User’s Manual MOTOROLA Configuration and Setup 29
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Configuration and Setup
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EVB Pins, Always DCE
(1)
J3
Receptacle
(1) (2)
(3) (4)
(2)
/ J2
DB-9
2 2 Receive data (RXD) 2233 3 3 Transmit data (TXD) 3322 5 1 Ground (GND) 5757
Factory default. Terminal interface uses SCI0.
Optional. Terminal interface uses SCI1. Hardware modifications are required. For details, refer to 4.5 Terminal
Interface.
Normal (DCE-to-DTE) cable connections Null modem (DCE-to-DCE) cable connections
(1)
J4
3-Pin
Header
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/ J1
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Standard, commercially available cables may be used in most cases. Note that the EVB uses only three of the RS-232C signals. Table 2-1 lists these signals and their pin assignments.
The EVB’s RS-232C connectors, J2 (default) and J3 (unpopulated footprint), are wired as data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) and employ 9-pin subminiature D (DB-9) receptacles. The equivalent 3-pin headers, J1 and J4, serve the same purposes and may be used for customized cabling.
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Most terminal devices — whether dumb terminals or the serial ports on host computers — are wired as data terminal equipment (DTE) and employ 9- or 25-pin subminiature D (DB-9 or DB-25) plugs. In these cases, normal straight-through cabling is used between the EVB and the terminal. Adapters
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are readily available for connecting 9-pin cables to 25-pin terminal connectors.
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Terminal Pins
(3)
DTE
Plug
DB-9 DB-25 DB-9 DB-25
DCE
Receptacle
(4)
If the terminal device is wired as DCE, the RXD and TXD lines must be cross-connected, as shown in Table 2-1. Commercial null modem adapter cables are available for this purpose.
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Table 2-1. RS-232C Interface Cabling
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(2)
DTE Signal
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Optionally, the MCU’s background debug mode (BDM) interface can serve as the user interface. This setup makes both of the SCI ports available for user applications. Additional hardware and software are required. For more information, refer to the documentation for the background debug development tool being used, such as Motorola’s serial debug interface.
NOTE:
User’s Manual M68HC12A4EVB Evaluation Board — Rev. 1 30 Configuration and Setup MOTOROLA
D-Bug12 does not use the BDM interface.
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