Freescale MC68HC16Z1, MC68CK16Z1, MC68CM16Z1, MC68HC16Z2, MC68HC16Z3 User Guide
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M68HC16Z Series
MC68HC16Z1
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User’s Manual M68HC16Z Series
2 MOTOROLA
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Paragraph Title Page
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
SECTION 2
NOMENCLATURE
2.1 Symbols and Operators .............................................................................2-1
2.2 CPU16 Register Mnemonics .....................................................................2-2
2.3 Register Mnemonics ..................................................................................2-3
2.4 Conventions ..............................................................................................2-6
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SECTION 3
OVERVIEW
3.1 M68HC16 Z-Series MCU Features ...........................................................3-1
3.1.1 Central Processor Unit (CPU16/CPU16L) .........................................3-1
3.1.2 System Integration Module (SIM/SIML) ............................................3-1
3.1.3 Standby RAM (SRAM) ......................................................................3-1
3.1.4 Masked ROM Module (MRM) — (MC68HC16Z2/Z3 Only) ...............3-2
3.1.5 Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) ....................................................3-2
3.1.6 Queued Serial Module (QSM) ...........................................................3-2
3.1.7 Multichannel Communication Interface (MCCI) —
(MC68HC16Z4/CKZ4 Only) ..............................................................3-2
3.1.8 General-Purpose Timer (GPT) ..........................................................3-2
3.2 Intermodule Bus ........................................................................................3-2
3.3 System Block Diagram and Pin Assignment Diagrams .............................3-2
3.4 Pin Descriptions ......................................................................................3-11
3.5 Signal Descriptions ..................................................................................3-13
3.6 Internal Register Map ..............................................................................3-16
3.7 Address Space Maps ..............................................................................3-19
SECTION 4
CENTRAL PROCESSOR UNIT
4.1 General ......................................................................................................4-1
4.2 Register Model ..........................................................................................4-1
4.2.1 Accumulators .....................................................................................4-3
4.2.2 Index Registers .................................................................................4-3
4.2.3 Stack Pointer .....................................................................................4-3
4.2.4 Program Counter ...............................................................................4-3
4.2.5 Condition Code Register ...................................................................4-4
4.2.6 Address Extension Register and Address Extension Fields .............4-5
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4.2.7 Multiply and Accumulate Registers ...................................................4-5
4.3 Memory Management ...............................................................................4-5
4.3.1 Address Extension ............................................................................4-6
4.3.2 Extension Fields ................................................................................4-6
4.4 Data Types ................................................................................................4-6
4.5 Memory Organization ................................................................................4-7
4.6 Addressing Modes .....................................................................................4-8
4.6.1 Immediate Addressing Modes ...........................................................4-9
4.6.2 Extended Addressing Modes ..........................................................4-10
4.6.3 Indexed Addressing Modes .............................................................4-10
4.6.4 Inherent Addressing Mode ..............................................................4-10
4.6.5 Accumulator Offset Addressing Mode .............................................4-10
4.6.6 Relative Addressing Modes .............................................................4-10
4.6.7 Post-Modified Index Addressing Mode ............................................4-10
4.6.8 Use of CPU16 Indexed Mode to Replace M68HC11 Direct Mode ..4-11
4.7 Instruction Set .........................................................................................4-11
4.7.1 Instruction Set Summary .................................................................4-11
4.8 Comparison of CPU16 and M68HC11 CPU Instruction Sets ..................4-31
4.9 Instruction Format ...................................................................................4-33
4.10 Execution Model ......................................................................................4-34
4.10.1 Microsequencer ...............................................................................4-35
4.10.2 Instruction Pipeline ..........................................................................4-35
4.10.3 Execution Unit .................................................................................4-35
4.11 Execution Process ...................................................................................4-36
4.11.1 Changes in Program Flow ...............................................................4-36
4.12 Instruction Timing ....................................................................................4-36
4.13 Exceptions ...............................................................................................4-37
4.13.1 Exception Vectors ...........................................................................4-37
4.13.2 Exception Stack Frame ...................................................................4-38
4.13.3 Exception Processing Sequence .....................................................4-39
4.13.4 Types of Exceptions ........................................................................4-39
4.13.4.1 Asynchronous Exceptions .......................................................4-39
4.13.4.2 Synchronous Exceptions .........................................................4-39
4.13.5 Multiple Exceptions .........................................................................4-40
4.13.6 RTI Instruction .................................................................................4-40
4.14 Development Support ..............................................................................4-40
4.14.1 Deterministic Opcode Tracking .......................................................4-40
4.14.1.1 IPIPE0/IPIPE1 Multiplexing .....................................................4-41
4.14.1.2 Combining Opcode Tracking with Other Capabilities ..............4-41
4.14.2 Breakpoints .....................................................................................4-41
4.14.3 Opcode Tracking and Breakpoints ..................................................4-42
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4.14.4 Background Debug Mode ................................................................4-42
4.14.4.1 Enabling BDM .........................................................................4-42
4.14.4.2 BDM Sources ..........................................................................4-42
4.14.4.3 Entering BDM ..........................................................................4-42
4.14.4.4 BDM Commands .....................................................................4-43
4.14.4.5 Returning from BDM ...............................................................4-43
4.14.4.6 BDM Serial Interface ...............................................................4-44
4.15 Recommended BDM Connection ............................................................4-45
4.16 Digital Signal Processing .........................................................................4-45
SECTION 5
SYSTEM INTEGRATION MODULE
5.1 General ......................................................................................................5-1
5.2 System Configuration ................................................................................5-2
5.2.1 Module Mapping ................................................................................5-2
5.2.2 Interrupt Arbitration ............................................................................5-3
5.2.3 Show Internal Cycles .........................................................................5-3
5.2.4 Register Access ................................................................................5-3
5.2.5 Freeze Operation ..............................................................................5-3
5.3 System Clock ............................................................................................5-4
5.3.1 Clock Sources ...................................................................................5-5
5.3.2 Clock Synthesizer Operation .............................................................5-6
5.3.3 External Bus Clock ..........................................................................5-21
5.3.4 Low-Power Operation ......................................................................5-21
5.4 System Protection ...................................................................................5-24
5.4.1 Reset Status ....................................................................................5-24
5.4.2 Bus Monitor .....................................................................................5-24
5.4.3 Halt Monitor .....................................................................................5-25
5.4.4 Spurious Interrupt Monitor ...............................................................5-25
5.4.5 Software Watchdog .........................................................................5-25
5.4.6 Periodic Interrupt Timer ...................................................................5-27
5.4.7 Interrupt Priority and Vectoring ........................................................5-28
5.4.8 Low-Power STOP Operation ...........................................................5-29
5.5 External Bus Interface .............................................................................5-29
5.5.1 Bus Control Signals .........................................................................5-31
5.5.1.1 Address Bus ............................................................................5-31
5.5.1.2 Address Strobe .......................................................................5-31
5.5.1.3 Data Bus .................................................................................5-31
5.5.1.4 Data Strobe .............................................................................5-31
5.5.1.5 Read/Write Signal ...................................................................5-32
5.5.1.6 Size Signals ............................................................................5-32
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5.5.1.7 Function Codes .......................................................................5-32
5.5.1.8 Data Size Acknowledge Signals .............................................5-32
5.5.1.9 Bus Error Signal ......................................................................5-33
5.5.1.10 Halt Signal ...............................................................................5-33
5.5.1.11 Autovector Signal ....................................................................5-33
5.5.2 Dynamic Bus Sizing ........................................................................5-33
5.5.3 Operand Alignment .........................................................................5-35
5.5.4 Misaligned Operands ......................................................................5-35
5.5.5 Operand Transfer Cases .................................................................5-35
5.6 Bus Operation .........................................................................................5-36
5.6.1 Synchronization to CLKOUT ...........................................................5-36
5.6.2 Regular Bus Cycle ...........................................................................5-37
5.6.2.1 Read Cycle ..............................................................................5-37
5.6.2.2 Write Cycle ..............................................................................5-38
5.6.3 Fast Termination Cycles ..................................................................5-39
5.6.4 CPU Space Cycles ..........................................................................5-40
5.6.4.1 Breakpoint Acknowledge Cycle ...............................................5-41
5.6.4.2 LPSTOP Broadcast Cycle .......................................................5-42
5.6.5 Bus Exception Control Cycles .........................................................5-43
5.6.5.1 Bus Errors ...............................................................................5-44
5.6.5.2 Double Bus Faults ...................................................................5-45
5.6.5.3 Halt Operation .........................................................................5-45
5.6.6 External Bus Arbitration ...................................................................5-46
5.6.6.1 Show Cycles ...........................................................................5-47
5.7 Reset .......................................................................................................5-48
5.7.1 Reset Exception Processing ...........................................................5-48
5.7.2 Reset Control Logic .........................................................................5-48
5.7.3 Reset Mode Selection .....................................................................5-49
5.7.3.1 Data Bus Mode Selection ........................................................5-50
5.7.3.2 Clock Mode Selection .............................................................5-52
5.7.3.3 Breakpoint Mode Selection .....................................................5-52
5.7.4 MCU Module Pin Function During Reset ........................................5-52
5.7.5 Pin State During Reset ....................................................................5-53
5.7.5.1 Reset States of SIM Pins ........................................................5-54
5.7.5.2 Reset States of Pins Assigned to Other MCU Modules ..........5-54
5.7.6 Reset Timing ...................................................................................5-55
5.7.7 Power-On Reset ..............................................................................5-55
5.7.8 Use of the Three-State Control Pin .................................................5-56
5.7.9 Reset Processing Summary ............................................................5-57
5.7.10 Reset Status Register .....................................................................5-57
5.8 Interrupts .................................................................................................5-58
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5.8.1 Interrupt Exception Processing .......................................................5-58
5.8.2 Interrupt Priority and Recognition ....................................................5-58
5.8.3 Interrupt Acknowledge and Arbitration ............................................5-59
5.8.4 Interrupt Processing Summary ........................................................5-60
5.8.5 Interrupt Acknowledge Bus Cycles ..................................................5-61
5.9 Chip-Selects ............................................................................................5-61
5.9.1 Chip-Select Registers ......................................................................5-63
5.9.1.1 Chip-Select Pin Assignment Registers ...................................5-64
5.9.1.2 Chip-Select Base Address Registers ......................................5-65
5.9.1.3 Chip-Select Option Registers ..................................................5-66
5.9.1.4 PORTC Data Register .............................................................5-67
5.9.2 Chip-Select Operation .....................................................................5-67
5.9.3 Using Chip-Select Signals for Interrupt Acknowledge .....................5-68
5.9.4 Chip-Select Reset Operation ...........................................................5-69
5.10 Parallel Input/Output Ports ......................................................................5-70
5.10.1 Pin Assignment Registers ...............................................................5-70
5.10.2 Data Direction Registers .................................................................5-70
5.10.3 Data Registers .................................................................................5-71
5.11 Factory Test ............................................................................................5-71
SECTION 6
STANDBY RAM MODULE
6.1 SRAM Register Block ................................................................................6-1
6.2 SRAM Array Address Mapping .................................................................6-2
6.3 SRAM Array Address Space Type ............................................................6-2
6.4 Normal Access ..........................................................................................6-2
6.5 Standby and Low-Power Stop Operation ..................................................6-2
6.6 Reset .........................................................................................................6-3
SECTION 7
MASKED ROM MODULE
7.1 MRM Register Block ..................................................................................7-1
7.2 MRM Array Address Mapping ...................................................................7-1
7.3 MRM Array Address Space Type ..............................................................7-2
7.4 Normal Access ..........................................................................................7-2
7.5 Low-Power Stop Mode Operation .............................................................7-3
7.6 ROM Signature ..........................................................................................7-3
7.7 Reset .........................................................................................................7-3
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SECTION 8
ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER
8.1 General ......................................................................................................8-1
8.2 External Connections ................................................................................8-1
8.2.1 Analog Input Pins ..............................................................................8-2
8.2.2 Analog Reference Pins ......................................................................8-3
8.2.3 Analog Supply Pins ...........................................................................8-3
8.3 Programmer’s Model .................................................................................8-3
8.4 ADC Bus Interface Unit .............................................................................8-3
8.5 Special Operating Modes ..........................................................................8-3
8.5.1 Low-Power Stop Mode ......................................................................8-3
8.5.2 Freeze Mode .....................................................................................8-4
8.6 Analog Subsystem ....................................................................................8-4
8.6.1 Multiplexer .........................................................................................8-4
8.6.2 Sample Capacitor and Buffer Amplifier .............................................8-5
8.6.3 RC DAC Array ...................................................................................8-5
8.6.4 Comparator .......................................................................................8-6
8.7 Digital Control Subsystem .........................................................................8-6
8.7.1 Control/Status Registers ...................................................................8-6
8.7.2 Clock and Prescaler Control ..............................................................8-6
8.7.3 Sample Time .....................................................................................8-7
8.7.4 Resolution .........................................................................................8-7
8.7.5 Conversion Control Logic ..................................................................8-7
8.7.5.1 Conversion Parameters ............................................................8-8
8.7.5.2 Conversion Modes ....................................................................8-8
8.7.6 Conversion Timing ..........................................................................8-12
8.7.7 Successive Approximation Register ................................................8-13
8.7.8 Result Registers ..............................................................................8-13
8.8 Pin Considerations ..................................................................................8-14
8.8.1 Analog Reference Pins ....................................................................8-14
8.8.2 Analog Power Pins ..........................................................................8-14
8.8.3 Analog Supply Filtering and Grounding ...........................................8-16
8.8.4 Accommodating Positive/Negative Stress Conditions .....................8-18
8.8.5 Analog Input Considerations ...........................................................8-19
8.8.6 Analog Input Pins ............................................................................8-21
8.8.6.1 Settling Time for the External Circuit .......................................8-22
8.8.6.2 Error Resulting from Leakage .................................................8-23
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SECTION 9
QUEUED SERIAL MODULE
9.1 General ......................................................................................................9-1
9.2 QSM Registers and Address Map .............................................................9-2
9.2.1 QSM Global Registers .......................................................................9-2
9.2.1.1 Low-Power Stop Mode Operation .............................................9-2
9.2.1.2 Freeze Operation ......................................................................9-3
9.2.1.3 QSM Interrupts ..........................................................................9-3
9.2.2 QSM Pin Control Registers ...............................................................9-4
9.3 Queued Serial Peripheral Interface ...........................................................9-5
9.3.1 QSPI Registers ..................................................................................9-6
9.3.1.1 Control Registers ......................................................................9-6
9.3.1.2 Status Register ..........................................................................9-7
9.3.2 QSPI RAM .........................................................................................9-7
9.3.2.1 Receive RAM ............................................................................9-7
9.3.2.2 Transmit RAM ...........................................................................9-7
9.3.2.3 Command RAM .........................................................................9-8
9.3.3 QSPI Pins ..........................................................................................9-8
9.3.4 QSPI Operation .................................................................................9-8
9.3.5 QSPI Operating Modes .....................................................................9-9
9.3.5.1 Master Mode ...........................................................................9-16
9.3.5.2 Master Wrap-Around Mode .....................................................9-19
9.3.5.3 Slave Mode .............................................................................9-20
9.3.5.4 Slave Wrap-Around Mode .......................................................9-21
9.3.6 Peripheral Chip Selects ...................................................................9-21
9.4 Serial Communication Interface ..............................................................9-21
9.4.1 SCI Registers ..................................................................................9-24
9.4.1.1 Control Registers ....................................................................9-24
9.4.1.2 Status Register ........................................................................9-24
9.4.1.3 Data Register ..........................................................................9-24
9.4.2 SCI Pins ..........................................................................................9-25
9.4.3 SCI Operation ..................................................................................9-25
9.4.3.1 Definition of Terms ..................................................................9-25
9.4.3.2 Serial Formats .........................................................................9-25
9.4.3.3 Baud Clock ..............................................................................9-26
9.4.3.4 Parity Checking .......................................................................9-26
9.4.3.5 Transmitter Operation .............................................................9-27
9.4.3.6 Receiver Operation .................................................................9-28
9.4.3.7 Idle-Line Detection ..................................................................9-29
9.4.3.8 Receiver Wake-Up ..................................................................9-29
9.4.3.9 Internal Loop Mode .................................................................9-30
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SECTION 10
MULTICHANNEL COMMUNICATION INTERFACE
10.1 General ....................................................................................................10-1
10.2 MCCI Registers and Address Map ..........................................................10-2
10.2.1 MCCI Global Registers ....................................................................10-2
10.2.1.1 Low-Power Stop Mode ............................................................10-2
10.2.1.2 Privilege Levels .......................................................................10-3
10.2.1.3 MCCI Interrupts .......................................................................10-3
10.2.2 Pin Control and General-Purpose I/O .............................................10-4
10.3 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) ..............................................................10-4
10.3.1 SPI Registers ..................................................................................10-6
10.3.1.1 SPI Control Register (SPCR) ..................................................10-6
10.3.1.2 SPI Status Register (SPSR) ....................................................10-6
10.3.1.3 SPI Data Register (SPDR) ......................................................10-6
10.3.2 SPI Pins ...........................................................................................10-6
10.3.3 SPI Operating Modes ......................................................................10-7
10.3.3.1 Master Mode ...........................................................................10-7
10.3.3.2 Slave Mode .............................................................................10-8
10.3.4 SPI Clock Phase and Polarity Controls ...........................................10-8
10.3.4.1 CPHA = 0 Transfer Format .....................................................10-9
10.3.4.2 CPHA = 1 Transfer Format ...................................................10-10
10.3.5 SPI Serial Clock Baud Rate ..........................................................10-11
10.3.6 Wired-OR Open-Drain Outputs .....................................................10-11
10.3.7 Transfer Size and Direction ...........................................................10-11
10.3.8 Write Collision ...............................................................................10-12
10.3.9 Mode Fault ....................................................................................10-12
10.4 Serial Communication Interface (SCI) ...................................................10-13
10.4.1 SCI Registers ................................................................................10-13
10.4.1.1 SCI Control Registers ...........................................................10-13
10.4.1.2 SCI Status Register ...............................................................10-16
10.4.1.3 SCI Data Register .................................................................10-16
10.4.2 SCI Pins ........................................................................................10-16
10.4.3 Receive Data Pins (RXDA, RXDB) ...............................................10-17
10.4.4 Transmit Data Pins (TXDA, TXDB) ...............................................10-17
10.4.5 SCI Operation ................................................................................10-17
10.4.5.1 Definition of Terms ................................................................10-17
10.4.5.2 Serial Formats .......................................................................10-18
10.4.5.3 Baud Clock ............................................................................10-18
10.4.5.4 Parity Checking .....................................................................10-19
10.4.5.5 Transmitter Operation ...........................................................10-19
10.4.5.6 Receiver Operation ...............................................................10-20
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10.4.5.7 Idle-Line Detection ................................................................10-21
10.4.5.8 Receiver Wake-Up ................................................................10-22
10.4.5.9 Internal Loop .........................................................................10-22
10.5 MCCI Initialization .................................................................................10-23
SECTION 11
GENERAL-PURPOSE TIMER
11.1 General ....................................................................................................11-1
11.2 GPT Registers and Address Map ............................................................11-2
11.3 Special Modes of Operation ....................................................................11-3
11.3.1 Low-Power Stop Mode ....................................................................11-3
11.3.2 Freeze Mode ...................................................................................11-3
11.3.3 Single-Step Mode ............................................................................11-4
11.3.4 Test Mode .......................................................................................11-4
11.4 Polled and Interrupt-Driven Operation .....................................................11-4
11.4.1 Polled Operation ..............................................................................11-4
11.4.2 GPT Interrupts .................................................................................11-5
11.5 Pin Descriptions ......................................................................................11-7
11.5.1 Input Capture Pins ...........................................................................11-7
11.5.2 Input Capture/Output Compare Pin .................................................11-7
11.5.3 Output Compare Pins ......................................................................11-7
11.5.4 Pulse Accumulator Input Pin ...........................................................11-7
11.5.5 Pulse-Width Modulation ..................................................................11-8
11.5.6 Auxiliary Timer Clock Input ..............................................................11-8
11.6 General-Purpose I/O ...............................................................................11-8
11.7 Prescaler .................................................................................................11-8
11.8 Capture/Compare Unit ..........................................................................11-10
11.8.1 Timer Counter ...............................................................................11-10
11.8.2 Input Capture Functions ................................................................11-10
11.8.3 Output Compare Functions ...........................................................11-13
11.8.3.1 Output Compare 1 .................................................................11-14
11.8.3.2 Forced Output Compare .......................................................11-14
11.9 Input Capture 4/Output Compare 5 .......................................................11-14
11.10 Pulse Accumulator ................................................................................11-14
11.11 Pulse-Width Modulation Unit .................................................................11-16
11.11.1 PWM Counter ................................................................................11-18
11.11.2 PWM Function ...............................................................................11-18
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APPENDIX A
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
APPENDIX B
MECHANICAL DATA AND ORDERING INFORMATION
B.1 Obtaining Updated M68HC16 Z-Series MCU Mechanical Information .... B-8
B.2 Ordering Information ................................................................................ B-8
APPENDIX C
DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT
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C.1 M68MMDS1632 Modular Development System ...................................... C-1
C.2 M68MEVB1632 Modular Evaluation Board ..............................................C-2
APPENDIX D
REGISTER SUMMARY
D.1 Central Processing Unit ............................................................................D-1
D.1.1 Condition Code Register ..................................................................D-3
D.2 System Integration Module .......................................................................D-4
D.2.1 SIM Module Configuration Register ................................................. D-6
D.2.2 System Integration Test Register .....................................................D-7
D.2.3 Clock Synthesizer Control Register .................................................. D-7
D.2.4 Reset Status Register ...................................................................... D-8
D.2.5 System Integration Test Register E .................................................. D-9
D.2.6 Port E Data Register ........................................................................ D-9
D.2.7 Port E Data Direction Register .........................................................D-9
D.2.8 Port E Pin Assignment Register .....................................................D-10
D.2.9 Port F Data Register ....................................................................... D-10
D.2.10 Port F Data Direction Register ....................................................... D-11
D.2.11 Port F Pin Assignment Register .....................................................D-11
D.2.12 System Protection Control Register ...............................................D-12
D.2.13 Periodic Interrupt Control Register .................................................D-13
D.2.14 Periodic Interrupt Timer Register ................................................... D-14
D.2.15 Software Watchdog Service Register ............................................. D-15
D.2.16 Port C Data Register ......................................................................D-15
D.2.17 Chip-Select Pin Assignment Registers ........................................... D-15
D.2.18 Chip-Select Base Address Register Boot ....................................... D-17
D.2.19 Chip-Select Base Address Registers .............................................D-17
D.2.20 Chip-Select Option Register Boot .................................................. D-18
D.2.21 Chip-Select Option Registers .........................................................D-18
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D.2.22 Master Shift Registers ....................................................................D-22
D.2.23 Test Module Shift Count Register .................................................. D-22
D.2.24 Test Module Repetition Count Register ......................................... D-22
D.2.25 Test Module Control Register ......................................................... D-22
D.2.26 Test Module Distributed Register ...................................................D-22
D.3 Standby RAM Module ............................................................................D-23
D.3.1 RAM Module Configuration Register .............................................. D-23
D.3.2 RAM Test Register .........................................................................D-24
D.3.3 Array Base Address Register High ................................................. D-24
D.3.4 Array Base Address Register Low ................................................. D-24
D.4 Masked ROM Module .............................................................................D-25
D.4.1 Masked ROM Module Configuration Register ................................ D-25
D.4.2 ROM Array Base Address Registers .............................................. D-27
D.4.3 ROM Signature Registers High ......................................................D-27
D.4.4 ROM Bootstrap Words ...................................................................D-28
D.5 Analog-to-Digital Converter Module ....................................................... D-29
D.5.1 ADC Module Configuration Register ..............................................D-30
D.5.2 ADC Test Register ......................................................................... D-30
D.5.3 Port ADA Data Register ................................................................. D-30
D.5.4 ADC Control Register 0 .................................................................. D-31
D.5.5 ADC Control Register 1 .................................................................. D-32
D.5.6 ADC Status Register ......................................................................D-36
D.5.7 Right Justified, Unsigned Result Register ......................................D-36
D.6 Queued Serial Module ............................................................................D-38
D.6.1 QSM Configuration Register .......................................................... D-38
D.6.2 QSM Test Register ......................................................................... D-39
D.6.3 QSM Interrupt Level Register/Interrupt Vector Register ................. D-39
D.6.4 SCI Control Register ...................................................................... D-40
D.6.5 SCI Control Register 1 ................................................................... D-41
D.6.6 SCI Status Register ........................................................................ D-43
D.6.7 SCI Data Register .......................................................................... D-44
D.6.8 Port QS Data Register .................................................................... D-44
D.6.9 Port QS Pin Assignment Register/Data Direction Register ............D-45
D.6.10 QSPI Control Register 0 ................................................................. D-46
D.6.11 QSPI Control Register 1 ................................................................. D-48
D.6.12 QSPI Control Register 2 ................................................................. D-49
D.6.13 QSPI Control Register 3 ................................................................. D-50
D.6.14 Receive Data RAM ......................................................................... D-51
D.6.15 Transmit Data RAM ........................................................................ D-52
D.6.16 Command RAM .............................................................................. D-52
D.7 Multichannel Communication Interface Module ..................................... D-54
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D.7.1 MCCI Module Configuration Register ............................................. D-54
D.7.2 MCCI Test Register ........................................................................ D-55
D.7.3 SCI Interrupt Level Register/MCCI Interrupt Vector Register ......... D-55
D.7.4 MCCI Interrupt Vector Register ......................................................D-56
D.7.5 SPI Interrupt Level Register ...........................................................D-56
D.7.6 MCCI Pin Assignment Register ...................................................... D-57
D.7.7 MCCI Data Direction Register ........................................................D-58
D.7.8 MCCI Port Data Registers .............................................................. D-59
D.7.9 SCI Control Register 0 ................................................................... D-59
D.7.11 SCI Status Register ........................................................................ D-62
D.7.12 SCI Data Register .......................................................................... D-63
D.7.13 SPI Control Register ....................................................................... D-64
D.7.14 SPI Status Register ........................................................................D-65
D.7.15 SPI Data Register ........................................................................... D-66
D.8 General-Purpose Timer ..........................................................................D-67
D.8.1 GPT Module Configuration Register .............................................. D-67
D.8.2 GPT Test Register .......................................................................... D-68
D.8.3 GPT Interrupt Configuration Register ............................................. D-68
D.8.4 Port GP Data Direction Register/Data Register ............................. D-69
D.8.5 OC1 Action Mask Register/Data Register ......................................D-69
D.8.6 Timer Counter Register ..................................................................D-70
D.8.7 Pulse Accumulator Control Register/Counter ................................. D-70
D.8.8 Input Capture Registers 1–3 .......................................................... D-71
D.8.9 Output Compare Registers 1–4 ...................................................... D-71
D.8.10 Input Capture 4/Output Compare 5 Register .................................. D-72
D.8.11 Timer Control Registers 1 and 2 .................................................... D-72
D.8.12 Timer Interrupt Mask Registers 1 and 2 .........................................D-72
D.8.13 Timer Interrupt Flag Registers 1 and 2 ........................................... D-74
D.8.14 Compare Force Register/PWM Control Register C ........................ D-74
D.8.15 PWM Registers A/B ........................................................................ D-76
D.8.16 PWM Count Register ...................................................................... D-76
D.8.17 PWM Buffer Registers A/B .............................................................D-76
D.8.18 GPT Prescaler ................................................................................ D-77
APPENDIX E
INITIALIZATION AND PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES
E.1 Initialization Programs .............................................................................. E-1
E.1.1 EQUATES.ASM ............................................................................... E-2
E.1.2 ORG00000.ASM .............................................................................. E-6
E.1.3 ORG00008.ASM .............................................................................. E-6
E.1.4 INITSYS.ASM ................................................................................. E-11
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E.1.5 INITRAM.ASM ................................................................................ E-11
E.1.6 INITSCI.ASM .................................................................................. E-12
E.2 Programming Examples ......................................................................... E-12
E.2.1 SIM Programming Examples .......................................................... E-13
E.2.1.1 Example 1 - Using Ports E and F ........................................... E-13
E.2.1.2 Example 2 - Using Chip-Selects ............................................ E-14
E.2.1.3 Example 3 - Changing Clock Frequencies ............................. E-16
E.2.1.4 Example 4 - Software Watchdog, Periodic Interrupt,
and Autovector Demo ............................................................ E-18
E.2.2 CPU16 Programming Example ...................................................... E-23
E.2.2.1 Example 5 - Indexed and Extended Addressing .................... E-23
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E.2.3 QSM/SCI Programming Example ................................................... E-24
E.2.3.1 Example 6 - Using an SCI Port .............................................. E-24
E.2.4 GPT Programming Example .......................................................... E-25
E.2.4.1 Example 7 - Basic GPT Functions ......................................... E-25
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Title Page
3-1 MC68HC16Z1/CK16Z1/CM16Z1 Block Diagram ...........................................3-4
3-2 MC68HC16Z2/Z3 Block Diagram ...................................................................3-5
3-3 MC68HC16Z4/CK16Z4 Block Diagram ..........................................................3-6
3-4 MC68HC16Z1/CKZ1/CMZ1/Z2/Z3 Pin Assignments
for 132-Pin Package .......................................................................................3-7
3-5 MC68HC16Z1/CKZ1/CMZ1/Z2/Z3 Pin Assignments
for 144-Pin Package .......................................................................................3-8
3-6 MC68HC16Z4/CKZ4 Pin Assignments for 132-Pin Package .........................3-9
3-7 MC68HC16Z4/CKZ4 Pin Assignments for 144-Pin Package .......................3-10
3-8 MC68HC16Z1/CKZ1/CMZ1 Address Map ................................................... 3-17
3-9 MC68HC16Z2/Z3 Address Map ...................................................................3-18
3-10 MC68HC16Z4/CKZ4 Address Map ..............................................................3-18
3-11 MC68HC16Z1/CKZ1/CMZ1 Combined Program
and Data Space Map ....................................................................................3-20
3-12 MC68HC16Z2/Z3 Combined Program and Data Space Map ...................... 3-21
3-13 MC68HC16Z4/CKZ4 Combined Program and Data Space Map ................. 3-22
3-14 MC68HC16Z1/CKZ1/CMZ1 Separate Program
and Data Space Map ....................................................................................3-23
3-15 MC68HC16Z2/Z3 Separate Program and Data Space Map ........................3-24
3-16 MC68HC16Z4/CKZ4 Separate Program and Data Space Map ...................3-25
4-1 CPU16 Register Model ...................................................................................4-2
4-2 Condition Code Register ................................................................................ 4-4
4-3 Data Types and Memory Organization ...........................................................4-8
4-4 Basic Instruction Formats .............................................................................4-34
4-5 Instruction Execution Model ......................................................................... 4-35
4-6 Exception Stack Frame Format ....................................................................4-38
4-7 BDM Serial I/O Block Diagram .....................................................................4-44
4-8 BDM Connector Pinout .................................................................................4-45
5-1 System Integration Module Block Diagram .................................................... 5-2
5-2 System Clock Block Diagram .........................................................................5-4
5-3 Slow Reference Crystal Circuit .......................................................................5-5
5-4 Fast Reference Crystal Circuit .......................................................................5-5
5-5 System Clock Filter Networks ........................................................................5-7
5-6 SIM LPSTOP Flowchart ............................................................................... 5-22
5-7 SIML LPSTOP Flowchart ............................................................................. 5-23
5-8 System Protection ........................................................................................ 5-24
5-9 Periodic Interrupt Timer and Software Watchdog Timer .............................. 5-27
5-10 MCU Basic System ......................................................................................5-30
5-11 Operand Byte Order .....................................................................................5-34
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
(Continued)
Figure Title Page
5-12 Word Read Cycle Flowchart .........................................................................5-38
5-13 Write Cycle Flowchart ..................................................................................5-39
5-14 CPU Space Address Encoding ....................................................................5-41
5-15 Breakpoint Operation Flowchart ...................................................................5-42
5-16 LPSTOP Interrupt Mask Level ......................................................................5-43
5-17 Bus Arbitration Flowchart for Single Request ...............................................5-47
5-18 Preferred Circuit for Data Bus Mode Select Conditioning ............................ 5-50
5-19 Alternate Circuit for Data Bus Mode Select Conditioning .............................5-51
5-20 Power-On Reset ...........................................................................................5-56
5-21 Basic MCU System ......................................................................................5-62
5-22 Chip-Select Circuit Block Diagram ............................................................... 5-63
5-23 CPU Space Encoding for Interrupt Acknowledge .........................................5-68
8-1 ADC Block Diagram .......................................................................................8-2
8-2 8-Bit Conversion Timing ...............................................................................8-12
8-3 10-Bit Conversion Timing .............................................................................8-13
8-4 Analog Input Circuitry ...................................................................................8-15
8-5 Errors Resulting from Clipping .....................................................................8-16
8-6 Star-Ground at the Point of Power Supply Origin .........................................8-17
8-7 Input Pin Subjected to Negative Stress ........................................................8-18
8-8 Voltage Limiting Diodes in a Negative Stress Circuit ................................... 8-19
8-9 External Multiplexing of Analog Signal Sources ...........................................8-20
8-10 Electrical Model of an A/D Input Pin .............................................................8-21
9-1 QSM Block Diagram .......................................................................................9-1
9-2 QSPI Block Diagram ......................................................................................9-5
9-3 QSPI RAM ......................................................................................................9-7
9-4 Flowchart of QSPI Initialization Operation ....................................................9-10
9-5 Flowchart of QSPI Master Operation (Part 1) ..............................................9-11
9-6 Flowchart of QSPI Master Operation (Part 2) ..............................................9-12
9-7 Flowchart of QSPI Master Operation (Part 3) ..............................................9-13
9-8 Flowchart of QSPI Slave Operation (Part 1) ................................................9-14
9-9 Flowchart of QSPI Slave Operation (Part 2) ................................................9-15
9-10 SCI Transmitter Block Diagram ....................................................................9-22
9-11 SCI Receiver Block Diagram ........................................................................9-23
10-1 MCCI Block Diagram ....................................................................................10-1
10-2 SPI Block Diagram ....................................................................................... 10-5
10-3 CPHA = 0 SPI Transfer Format .................................................................... 10-9
10-4 CPHA = 1 SPI Transfer Format .................................................................. 10-10
10-5 SCI Transmitter Block Diagram ..................................................................10-14
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10-6 SCI Receiver Block Diagram ......................................................................10-15
11-1 GPT Block Diagram ......................................................................................11-2
11-2 Prescaler Block Diagram ..............................................................................11-9
11-3 Capture/Compare Unit Block Diagram .......................................................11-11
11-4 Input Capture Timing Example ...................................................................11-13
11-5 Pulse Accumulator Block Diagram .............................................................11-15
11-6 PWM Block Diagram .................................................................................. 11-17
A-1 CLKOUT Output Timing Diagram .................................................................A-28
A-2 External Clock Input Timing Diagram ...........................................................A-28
A-3 ECLK Output Timing Diagram ......................................................................A-28
A-4 Read Cycle Timing Diagram ........................................................................A-29
A-5 Write Cycle Timing Diagram .........................................................................A-30
A-6 Fast Termination Read Cycle Timing Diagram ............................................A-31
A-7 Fast Termination Write Cycle Timing Diagram .............................................A-32
A-8 Bus Arbitration Timing Diagram — Active Bus Case ...................................A-33
A-9 Bus Arbitration Timing Diagram — Idle Bus Case .......................................A-34
A-10 Show Cycle Timing Diagram ........................................................................A-35
A-11 Chip-Select Timing Diagram ........................................................................A-36
A-12 Reset and Mode Select Timing Diagram ......................................................A-36
A-13 Background Debug Mode Timing Diagram (Serial Communication) ............A-39
A-14 Background Debug Mode Timing Diagram (Freeze Assertion) ....................A-39
A-15 ECLK Timing Diagram ..................................................................................A-44
A-16 QSPI Timing — Master, CPHA = 0 ..............................................................A-47
A-17 QSPI Timing — Master, CPHA = 1 ..............................................................A-47
A-18 QSPI Timing — Slave, CPHA = 0 ................................................................A-48
A-19 QSPI Timing — Slave, CPHA = 1 ................................................................A-48
A-20 SPI Timing — Master, CPHA = 0 .................................................................A-51
A-21 SPI Timing — Master, CPHA = 1 .................................................................A-51
A-22 SPI Timing — Slave, CPHA = 0 ...................................................................A-52
A-23 SPI Timing — Slave, CPHA = 1 ...................................................................A-52
A-24 Input Signal Conditioner Timing ...................................................................A-53
A-25 Pulse Accumulator — Event Counting Mode (Leading Edge) ......................A-54
A-26 Pulse Accumulator — Gated Mode (Count While Pin High) ........................A-55
A-27 Pulse Accumulator — Using TOF as Gated Mode Clock .............................A-56
A-28 PWMx (PWMx Register = 01, Fast Mode) ...................................................A-56
A-29 Output Compare (Toggle Pin State) .............................................................A-57
A-30 Input Capture (Capture on Rising Edge) ......................................................A-58
A-31 General-Purpose Input .................................................................................A-59
A-32 General-Purpose Output (Causes Input Capture) ........................................A-60
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A-33 Force Compare (CLEAR) .............................................................................A-61
A-34 Low Voltage 8-Bit ADC Conversion Accuracy ..............................................A-68
A-35 8-Bit ADC Conversion Accuracy ..................................................................A-69
A-36 Low Voltage 10-Bit ADC Conversion Accuracy ............................................A-70
A-37 10-Bit ADC Conversion Accuracy ................................................................A-71
B-1 MC68HC16Z1/CKZ1/CMZ1/Z2/Z3 Pin Assignments
for 132-Pin Package .......................................................................................B-2
B-2 MC68HC16Z4/CKZ4 Pin Assignments for 132-Pin Package .........................B-3
B-3 Case 831A-01 — 132-Pin Package Dimensions ............................................B-4
B-4 MC68HC16Z1/CKZ1/CMZ1/Z2/Z3 Pin Assignments
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B-5 MC68HC16Z4/CKZ4 Pin Assignments for 144-Pin Package .........................B-6
B-6 Case 918 — 144-Pin Package Dimensions ...................................................B-7
for 144-Pin Package .......................................................................................B-5
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D-1 CPU16 Register Model ...................................................................................D-2
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
1-1 M68HC16 Z-Series MCUs...............................................................................1-1
1-2 Z-Series MCU Reference Frequencies...........................................................1-2
3-1 M68HC16 Z-Series Pin Characteristics.........................................................3-11
3-2 M68HC16 Z-Series Driver Types..................................................................3-12
3-3 M68HC16 Z-Series Power Connections....................................................... 3-13
3-4 M68HC16 Z-Series Signal Characteristics.................................................... 3-13
3-5 M68HC16 Z-Series Signal Function.............................................................. 3-15
4-1 Addressing Modes...........................................................................................4-9
4-2 Instruction Set Summary...............................................................................4-12
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4-3 Instruction Set Abbreviations and Symbols................................................... 4-30
4-4 CPU16 Implementation of M68HC11 CPU Instructions................................4-32
4-5 Exception Vector Table.................................................................................4-38
4-6 IPIPE0/IPIPE1 Encoding...............................................................................4-41
4-7 Command Summary.....................................................................................4-43
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5-1 Show Cycle Enable Bits..................................................................................5-3
5-2 16.78-MHz Clock Control Multipliers...............................................................5-9
5-3 20.97-MHz Clock Control Multipliers.............................................................5-11
5-4 25.17-MHz Clock Control Multipliers.............................................................5-13
5-5 16.78-MHz System Clock Frequencies.........................................................5-15
5-6 System Clock Frequencies for a 20.97-MHz System.................................... 5-17
5-7 System Clock Frequencies for a 25.17-MHz System.................................... 5-19
5-8 Bus Monitor Period........................................................................................ 5-25
5-9 MODCLK Pin and SWP Bit During Reset..................................................... 5-26
5-10 Software Watchdog Divide Ratio...................................................................5-27
5-11 MODCLK Pin and PTP Bit at Reset..............................................................5-28
5-12 Periodic Interrupt Priority............................................................................... 5-29
5-13 Size Signal Encoding....................................................................................5-32
5-14 Address Space Encoding..............................................................................5-32
5-15 Effect of
5-16 Operand Alignment.......................................................................................5-36
5-17
5-18 Reset Source Summary................................................................................5-49
5-19 Reset Mode Selection...................................................................................5-49
5-20 Module Pin Functions.................................................................................... 5-53
5-21 SIM Pin Reset States....................................................................................5-54
5-22 Chip-Select Pin Functions.............................................................................5-64
5-23 Pin Assignment Field Encoding.....................................................................5-64
5-24 Block Size Encoding......................................................................................5-65
DSACK, BERR, and HALT Assertion Results ...............................................5-44
DSACK Signals...............................................................................5-34
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5-25 Chip-Select Base and Option Register Reset Values...................................5-69
5-26
6-1 SRAM Configuration........................................................................................6-1
6-2 SRAM Array Address Space Type..................................................................6-2
7-1 ROM Array Space Field..................................................................................7-2
7-2 Wait States Field.............................................................................................7-3
8-1 FRZ Field Selection......................................................................................... 8-4
8-2 Multiplexer Channel Sources..........................................................................8-5
8-3 Prescaler Output.............................................................................................8-7
8-4 TS Field Selection...........................................................................................8-7
8-5 Conversion Parameters Controlled by ADCTL1..............................................8-8
8-6 ADC Conversion Modes.................................................................................. 8-8
8-7 Single-Channel Conversions (MULT = 0)......................................................8-10
8-8 Multiple-Channel Conversions (MULT = 1)................................................... 8-11
8-9 Result Register Formats................................................................................8-14
8-10 External Circuit Settling Time (10-Bit Conversions)......................................8-23
8-11 Error Resulting From Input Leakage (IOFF)..................................................8-23
9-1 Effect of DDRQS on QSM Pin Function..........................................................9-4
9-2 QSPI Pins........................................................................................................ 9-8
9-3 Bits Per Transfer...........................................................................................9-18
9-4 Serial Frame Formats....................................................................................9-26
9-5 Effect of Parity Checking on Data Size.........................................................9-27
10-1 MCCI Interrupt Vectors..................................................................................10-3
10-2 Pin Assignments............................................................................................10-4
10-3 SPI Pin Functions.......................................................................................... 10-7
10-4 SCK Frequencies........................................................................................10-11
10-5 SCI Pins......................................................................................................10-17
10-6 Serial Frame Formats..................................................................................10-18
10-7 Effect of Parity Checking on Data Size.......................................................10-19
CSBOOT Base and Option Register Reset Values....................................... 5-70
11-1 GPT Status Flags..........................................................................................11-5
11-2 GPT Interrupt Sources..................................................................................11-6
11-3 PWM Frequency Ranges............................................................................11-18
A-1 Maximum Ratings............................................................................................A-1
A-2 Typical Ratings, 2.7 to 3.6V, 16.78-MHz Operation........................................A-2
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A-3 Typical Ratings, 5V, 16.78-MHz Operation.....................................................A-3
A-4 Typical Ratings, 20.97-MHz Operation ...........................................................A-3
A-5 Typical Ratings, 25.17-MHz ............................................................................A-4
A-6 Thermal Characteristics ..................................................................................A-5
A-7 Low Voltage Clock Control Timing ..................................................................A-6
A-8 16.78-MHz Clock Control Timing ....................................................................A-7
A-9 20.97-MHz Clock Control Timing ....................................................................A-8
A-10 25.17-MHz Clock Control Timing ....................................................................A-9
A-11 Low Voltage 16.78-MHz DC Characteristics.................................................A-10
A-12 16.78-MHz DC Characteristics......................................................................A-12
A-13 20.97-MHz DC Characteristics......................................................................A-14
A-14 25.17-MHz DC Characteristics......................................................................A-16
A-15 Low Voltage 16.78-MHz AC Timing..............................................................A-19
A-16 16.78-MHz AC Timing...................................................................................A-21
A-17 20.97-MHz AC Timing...................................................................................A-23
A-18 25.17-MHz AC Timing...................................................................................A-25
A-19 Low Voltage 16.78-MHz Background Debug Mode Timing ..........................A-37
A-20 16.78-MHz Background Debug Mode Timing...............................................A-37
A-21 20.97-MHz Background Debug Mode Timing...............................................A-38
A-22 25.17-MHz Background Debug Mode Timing...............................................A-38
A-23 Low Voltage ECLK Bus Timing.....................................................................A-40
A-24 16.78-MHz ECLK Bus Timing .......................................................................A-41
A-25 20.97-MHz ECLK Bus Timing .......................................................................A-42
A-26 25.17-MHz ECLK Bus Timing .......................................................................A-43
A-27 Low Voltage QSPI Timing.............................................................................A-45
A-28 QSPI Timing..................................................................................................A-46
A-29 Low Voltage SPI Timing................................................................................A-49
A-30 SPI Timing.....................................................................................................A-50
A-31 General-Purpose Timer AC Characteristics..................................................A-53
A-32 ADC Maximum Ratings.................................................................................A-62
A-33 Low Voltage ADC DC Electrical Characteristics (Operating) ........................A-63
A-34 Low Voltage ADC AC Characteristics (Operating)........................................A-63
A-35 5V ADC DC Electrical Characteristics (Operating)........................................A-64
A-36 ADC AC Characteristics (Operating).............................................................A-65
A-37 Low Voltage ADC Conversion Characteristics (Operating)...........................A-66
A-38 ADC Conversion Characteristics (Operating)................................................A-67
B-1 M68HC16 Z-Series Ordering Information........................................................B-8
D-1 Module Address Map ......................................................................................D-1
D-2 SIM Address Map............................................................................................D-4
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D-3 Show Cycle Enable Bits..................................................................................D-6
D-4 Port E Pin Assignments.................................................................................D-10
D-5 Port F Pin Assignments.................................................................................D-11
D-6 Software Watchdog Divide Ratio...................................................................D-12
D-7 Bus Monitor Time-Out Period........................................................................D-13
D-8 Pin Assignment Field Encoding.....................................................................D-16
D-9 CSPAR0 Pin Assignments............................................................................D-16
D-10 CSPAR1 Pin Assignments............................................................................D-17
D-11 Reset Pin Function of CS[10:6].....................................................................D-17
D-12 Block Size Field Bit Encoding........................................................................D-18
D-13 BYTE Field Bit Encoding...............................................................................D-19
D-14 Read/Write Field Bit Encoding......................................................................D-19
D-15
D-16 Memory Access Times at 16.78, 20.97, and 25.17 MHz...............................D-20
D-17 Address Space Bit Encodings.......................................................................D-21
D-18 Interrupt Priority Level Field Encoding..........................................................D-21
D-19 SRAM Address Map......................................................................................D-23
D-20 SRAM Array Address Space Type................................................................D-23
D-21 MRM Address Map........................................................................................D-25
D-22 ROM Array Space Field................................................................................D-26
D-23 Wait States Field...........................................................................................D-26
D-24 ADC Module Address Map............................................................................D-29
D-25 Freeze Encoding...........................................................................................D-30
D-26 Sample Time Selection.................................................................................D-31
D-27 Prescaler Output...........................................................................................D-32
D-28 ADC Conversion Mode..................................................................................D-33
D-29 Single-Channel Conversions (MULT = 0)......................................................D-34
D-30 Multiple-Channel Conversions (MULT = 1)...................................................D-35
D-31 QSM Address Map........................................................................................D-38
D-32 Examples of SCI Baud Rates........................................................................D-41
D-33 PQSPAR Pin Assignments............................................................................D-45
D-34 Effect of DDRQS on QSM Pin Function........................................................D-46
D-35 Bits Per Transfer...........................................................................................D-47
D-36 Examples of SCK Frequencies.....................................................................D-48
D-37 MCCI Address Map.......................................................................................D-54
D-38 Interrupt Vector Sources...............................................................................D-56
D-39 MPAR Pin Assignments................................................................................D-57
D-40 Effect of MDDR on MCCI Pin Function.........................................................D-58
D-41 Examples of SCI Baud Rates........................................................................D-60
D-42 GPT Address Map.........................................................................................D-67
D-43 GPT Interrupt Sources..................................................................................D-69
DSACK Field Encoding.................................................................................D-20
MOTOROLA M68HC16 Z SERIES
xxii USER’S MANUAL
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LIST OF TABLES
(Continued)
Table Title Page
D-44 PAMOD and PEDGE Effects.........................................................................D-71
D-45 PACLK[1:0] Effects........................................................................................D-71
D-46 OM/OL[5:2] Effects........................................................................................D-72
D-47 EDGE[4:1] Effects.........................................................................................D-72
D-48 CPR[2:0]/Prescaler Select Field....................................................................D-73
D-49 PPR[2:0] Field...............................................................................................D-75
D-50 PWM Frequency Ranges..............................................................................D-76
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M68HC16 Z SERIES MOTOROLA
USER’S MANUAL xxiii
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MOTOROLA M68HC16 Z SERIES
xxiv USER’S MANUAL
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
M68HC16 Z-series microcontrollers (including the MC68HC16Z1, MC68CM16Z1,
MC68CK16Z1, MC68HC16Z2, MC68HC16Z3, MC68HC16Z4, and MC68CK16Z4)
are high-speed 16-bit control units that are upwardly code compatible with M68HC11
controllers. All are members of the M68HC16 Family of modular microcontrollers.
M68HC16 microcontroller units (MCUs) are built from standard modules that interface
via a common internal bus. Standardization facilitates rapid development of devices
tailored for specific applications.
M68HC16 Z-series MCUs incorporate a number of different modules. Refer to Table
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1-1 for information on the contents of a specific Z-series MCU. (
module is used in the MCU. All of these modules are interconnected by the intermodule bus (IMB).
X) indicates that the
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Table 1-1 M68HC16 Z-Series MCUs
Modules
Central Processor Unit (CPU16) X X X —
Low-Power Central Processor
Unit (CPU16L)
System Integration Module (SIM) X X X —
Low-Power System Integration
Module (SIML)
Standby RAM (SRAM) 1 Kbyte 2 Kbytes 4 Kbytes 1 Kbyte
Masked ROM Module (MRM) — 8 Kbytes 8 Kbytes —
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) XXXX
Queued Serial Module (QSM) X X X —
Multichannel Communication
Interface (MCCI)
General-Purpose Timer (GPT) XXXX
NOTES:
1. “C” designator indicates a 2.7V to 3.6V part; “M” indicates a fast reference frequency and “K” indicates a slow
reference frequency. “HC” stands for HCMOS.
MC68HC16Z1
MC68CK16Z1
MC68CM16Z1
———X
———X
———X
1
MC68HC16Z2 MC68HC16Z3
1
MC68HC16Z4
MC68CK16Z4
1
The maximum system clock for M68HC16 Z-series MCUs can be either 16.78 MHz,
20.97 MHz, or 25.17 MHz. An internal phase-locked loop circuit synthesizes the system clock from a slow (typically 32.768 kHz) or fast (typically 4.194 MHz) reference, or
uses an external frequency source. Refer to Table 1-2 for information on which reference frequency is applied to a particular MCU. (
X) indicates the reference frequency
applicable to the MCU.
M68HC16 Z SERIES INTRODUCTION MOTOROLA
USER’S MANUAL 1-1
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Table 1-2 Z-Series MCU Reference Frequencies
Nominal Reference Frequency
MCU
MC68HC16Z1 X —
MC68CM16Z1
MC68CK16Z1 X —
MC68HC16Z2 — X
MC68HC16Z3 — X
MC68HC16Z4 X —
MC68CK16Z4 X —
NOTES:
1. The nominal slow reference frequency is 32.768 kHz, but can range from
20 to 50 kHz. The nominal fast reference frequency is 4.194 MHz, but can
range from 1MHz to 6.25 MHz.
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Slow
(32.768 kHz)
—X
(4.194 MHz)
1
Fast
System hardware and software allow changes in clock rate during operation. Because
the MCUs are a fully static design, register and memory contents are not affected by
clock rate changes.
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High-density complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (HCMOS) architecture
makes the basic power consumption low. Power consumption can be minimized by
stopping the system clocks. The M68HC16 instruction set includes a low-power stop
(LPSTOP) command that efficiently implements this capability. Individual stop bits in
each module allow for selective power reduction.
Documentation for the Modular Microcontroller Family follows the modular construction of the devices in the product line. Each device has a comprehensive user’s manual that provides sufficient information for normal operation of the device. The user’s
manual is supplemented by module reference manuals that provide detailed information about module operation and applications. Refer to Motorola publication
Microcontroller Unit (AMCU) Literature
(BR1116/D) for a complete list of documenta-
Advanced
tion to supplement this manual.
MOTOROLA INTRODUCTION M68HC16 Z SERIES
1-2 USER’S MANUAL
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SECTION 2
NOMENCLATURE
The following tables show the nomenclature used throughout the M68HC16 Z-series
manual.
2.1 Symbols and Operators
Symbol Function
+ Addition
- Subtraction (two’s complement) or negation
* Multiplication
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/ Division
> Greater
< Less
= Equal
≥ Equal or greater
≤ Equal or less
≠ Not equal
• AND
✛ Inclusive OR (OR)
⊕ Exclusive OR (EOR)
NOT Complementation
: Concatenation
⇒ Transferred
⇔ Exchanged
± Sign bit; also used to show tolerance
« Sign extension
% Binary value
$ Hexadecimal value
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2.2 CPU16 Register Mnemonics
Mnemonic Register
A Accumulator A
AM Accumulator M
B Accumulator B
CCR Condition code register
D Accumulator D
E Accumulator E
EK Extended addressing extension field
HR MAC multiplier register
IR MAC multiplicand register
IX Index register X
IY Index register Y
IZ Index register Z
K Address extension register
PC Program counter
PK Program counter extension field
SK Stack pointer extension field
SP Stack pointer
XK Index register X extension field
YK Index register Y extension field
ZK Index register Z extension field
XMSK Modulo addressing index register X mask
YMSK Modulo addressing index register Y mask
S LPSTOP mode control bit
MV AM overflow flag
H Half carry flag
EV AM extended overflow flag
N Negative flag
Z Zero flag
V Two’s complement overflow flag
C Carry/borrow flag
IP Interrupt priority field
SM Saturation mode control bit
MOTOROLA NOMENCLATURE M68HC16 Z SERIES
2-2 USER’S MANUAL
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