FLIR B6xx series, P6xx series, SC6xx series, B6 series, P6 series User Manual

...
User’s manual
FLIR B6xx series
FLIR P6xx series
FLIR SC6xx series
1558550Publ. No. a557Revision English (EN)Language October 7, 2011Issue date
1
Notice to user
Customer help
Documentation updates
Important note about this manual
Parts lists
Quick Start Guide
A note about ergonomics
Camera parts
Screen elements
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Connecting external devices
Pairing Bluetooth devices
Handling the camera
Working with views and images
Working with fusion
11
12
13
14
15
Working with measurement tools
16
Fetching data from external Extech meters
Working with alarms
Annotating images
Programming the camera
Recording video clips
Changing settings
Cleaning the camera
Technical data
Finding the IP address for a camera connected using a FireWire cable
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Dimensional drawings
Application examples
Introduction to building thermography
Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations
About FLIR Systems
26
27
28
29
30
Glossary
31
Thermographic measurement techniques
History of infrared technology
Theory of thermography
The measurement formula
Emissivity tables
32
33
34
35
36
User’s manual
Publ. No. 1558550 Rev. a557 – ENGLISH (EN) – October 7, 2011
Legal disclaimer
All products manufactured by FLIR Systemsarewarranted against defectivematerialsandworkmanship for aperiodof one(1)year from the delivery date of the original purchase, provided such products have been under normal storage, use and service, and in accordance with FLIR Systems instruction.
Uncooled handheldinfraredcameras manufactured by FLIRSystems are warranted againstdefectivematerials and workmanship fora period of two (2) years from the delivery date of the original purchase, provided such products have been under normal storage, use and service, and in accordance with FLIR Systems instruction, and provided that the camera has been registered within 60 days of original purchase.
Detectors foruncooledhandheld infrared cameras manufacturedbyFLIR Systems are warrantedagainstdefective materials and workmanship for a period of ten (10) years from the delivery date of the original purchase, provided such products have been under normal storage, use and service, and in accordance with FLIR Systems instruction, and provided that the camera has been registered within 60 days of original purchase.
Products which are not manufactured by FLIR Systems but included in systems delivered by FLIR Systems to the original purchaser, carry the warranty, if any, of the particular supplier only. FLIR Systems has no responsibility whatsoever for such products.
The warranty extends only to the original purchaser and is not transferable. It is not applicable to any product which has been subjected to misuse, neglect, accident or abnormal conditions of operation. Expendable parts are excluded from the warranty.
In the case of adefect inaproduct coveredbythis warrantytheproduct must notbe furtherusedin order toprevent additional damage.The purchaser shall promptly report any defect to FLIR Systems or this warranty will not apply.
FLIR Systems will, at its option, repair or replace any such defective product free of charge if, upon inspection, it proves to be defective in material or workmanship and provided that it is returned to FLIR Systems within the said one-year period.
FLIR Systems has no other obligation or liability for defects than those set forth above. No other warranty is expressed or implied. FLIR Systems specifically disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose. FLIR Systems shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidentalor consequential loss or damage, whether basedon contract, tort
or any other legal theory. This warranty shall be governed by Swedish law. Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or in connection with this warranty, shall be finally settled by arbitration in accordance with
the Rules of the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce. The place of arbitration shall be Stockholm. The language to be used in the arbitral proceedings shall be English.
U.S. Government Regulations
The products described in the user documentation may require government authorization for export/re-export, or transfer. Contact FLIR
Systems for details.
Depending on license andexportprocedures,lensesmaybe permanently fixedtocamerasshippedtocustomersoutsideUnited States.
Interchangeable lenses fall under U.S. Department of State jurisdiction.
Copyright
© 2011, FLIRSystems. All rights reservedworldwide. No parts ofthesoftware including source codemaybe reproduced, transmitted, transcribed or translated into any language or computer language in any form or by any means, electronic, magnetic, optical, manual or otherwise, without the prior written permission of FLIR Systems.
This documentation must not, in whole or part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated or transmitted to any electronic medium or machine readable form without prior consent, in writing, from FLIR Systems.
Names and marks appearing on the products herein are eitherregistered trademarksor trademarksof FLIR Systems and/or its subsidiaries. All othertrademarks,trade names or companynames referenced herein areusedfor identification only andarethe property of theirrespective owners.
Quality assurance
The Quality Management System under which these products are developed and manufactured has been certified in accordance with the ISO 9001 standard.
FLIR Systems is committed to a policy of continuous development; therefore we reserve the right to make changes and improvements on any of the products described in this manual without prior notice.
Patents
One or several of the following patents or design patents apply to the products and/or features described in this manual: 0002258-2; 000279476-0001; 000439161; 000499579-0001; 000653423; 000726344; 000859020; 000889290; 001106306-0001; 001707738;
001707746; 001707787; 001776519; 0101577-5; 0102150-0; 0200629-4; 0300911-5; 0302837-0; 1144833; 1182246; 1182620; 1188086; 1285345; 1287138; 1299699; 1325808; 1336775; 1365299; 1402918; 1404291; 1678485; 1732314; 200530018812.0; 200830143636.7; 2106017; 235308; 3006596; 3006597; 466540; 483782; 484155; 518836; 60004227.8; 60122153.2; 602004011681.5-08; 6707044; 68657; 7034300; 7110035; 7154093; 7157705; 7237946; 7312822; 7332716; 7336823; 7544944; 75530; 7667198; 7809258; 7826736; D540838;
x Publ. No. 1558550 Rev. a557 – ENGLISH (EN) – October 7, 2011
D549758; D579475; D584755; D599,392; DI6702302-9; DI6703574-4; DI6803572-1; DI6803853-4; DI6903617-9; DM/057692; DM/061609; Registration Number; ZL00809178.1;ZL01823221.3;ZL01823226.4;ZL02331553.9;ZL02331554.7;ZL200480034894.0;ZL200530120994.2; ZL200630130114.4; ZL200730151141.4; ZL200730339504.7; ZL200830128581.2; ZL200930190061.9
EULA Terms
You have acquired a device (“INFRARED CAMERA”) that includes software licensed by FLIR Systems AB from Microsoft Licensing, GP
or its affiliates (“MS”). Those installed software products of MS origin, as well as associated media, printed materials, and “online” or electronic documentation(“SOFTWARE”)are protected by internationalintellectualproperty laws and treaties.TheSOFTWARE is licensed, not sold. All rights reserved.
IF YOU DO NOTAGREE TO THISENDUSER LICENSE AGREEMENT(“EULA”), DO NOT USETHEDEVICE OR COPY THE SOFTWARE.
INSTEAD, PROMPTLY CONTACT FLIR Systems AB FOR INSTRUCTIONS ON RETURN OF THE UNUSED DEVICE(S) FOR A REFUND.
ANY USE OF THE SOFTWARE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO USE ON THE DEVICE, WILL CONSTITUTE YOUR AGREEMENT TO THIS EULA (OR RATIFICATION OF ANY PREVIOUS CONSENT).
GRANT OF SOFTWARE LICENSE. This EULA grants you the following license:
You may use the SOFTWARE only on the DEVICE.
NOT FAULT TOLERANT. THE SOFTWARE IS NOT FAULT TOLERANT. FLIR Systems AB HAS INDEPENDENTLY DETERMINED
HOW TOUSE THE SOFTWAREIN THE DEVICE,AND MS HASRELIED UPON FLIRSystems AB TOCONDUCT SUFFICIENT TESTING TO DETERMINE THAT THE SOFTWARE IS SUITABLE FOR SUCH USE.
NO WARRANTIES FOR THE SOFTWARE. THE SOFTWARE is provided “AS IS” and with all faults. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO SAT-
ISFACTORY QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, ACCURACY, AND EFFORT (INCLUDING LACK OF NEGLIGENCE) IS WITH YOU. ALSO, THERE ISNO WARRANTY AGAINSTINTERFERENCE WITH YOURENJOYMENT OF THESOFTWAREOR AGAINST INFRINGEMENT.
IF YOU HAVE RECEIVED ANY WARRANTIES REGARDING THE DEVICE OR THE SOFTWARE, THOSE WARRANTIES DO NOT ORIGINATE FROM, AND ARE NOT BINDING ON, MS.
No Liability for Certain Damages. EXCEPT AS PROHIBITED BY LAW, MS SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY FOR ANY INDIRECT,
SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES ARISING FROM OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFOR­MANCE OF THE SOFTWARE. THIS LIMITATION SHALL APPLY EVEN IF ANY REMEDY FAILS OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL MS BE LIABLE FOR ANY AMOUNT IN EXCESS OF U.S. TWO HUNDRED FIFTY DOLLARS (U.S.$250.00).
Limitations on Reverse Engineering, Decompilation, and Disassembly. Youmaynot reverse engineer,decompile, or disassemble
the SOFTWARE, exceptand only to the extentthat such activity isexpresslypermitted by applicable lawnotwithstandingthis limitation.
SOFTWARE TRANSFER ALLOWED BUT WITH RESTRICTIONS. Youmaypermanentlytransferrights under this EULA only aspart
of a permanent sale or transfer of the Device, and only if the recipient agrees to this EULA. If the SOFTWARE is an upgrade, any transfer must also include all prior versions of the SOFTWARE.
EXPORT RESTRICTIONS. You acknowledge that SOFTWARE is subject to U.S. export jurisdiction. You agree to comply with all
applicable international andnationallawsthatapplytotheSOFTWARE, includingthe U.S. Export Administration Regulations,aswell as end-user, end-use and destination restrictions issued by U.S. and other governments. For additional information see http://www.microsoft.com/exporting/.
Publ. No. 1558550 Rev. a557 – ENGLISH (EN) – October 7, 2011
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
xii Publ. No. 1558550 Rev. a557 – ENGLISH (EN) – October 7, 2011

Table of contents

11 Warnings & Cautions .....................................................................................................................
52 Notice to user ..................................................................................................................................
73 Customer help ................................................................................................................................
94 Documentation updates .................................................................................................................
115 Important note about this manual .................................................................................................
136 Parts lists .........................................................................................................................................
136.1 Contents of the transport case .............................................................................................
136.2 List of accessories ................................................................................................................
177 Quick Start Guide ...........................................................................................................................
177.1 Detecting a temperature .......................................................................................................
198 A note about ergonomics ..............................................................................................................
219 Camera parts ...................................................................................................................................
219.1 View from the left ..................................................................................................................
239.2 View from the right ................................................................................................................
259.3 View from the rear .................................................................................................................
279.4 Battery condition LED indicator ............................................................................................
289.5 Power LED indicator .............................................................................................................
299.6 Laser pointer .........................................................................................................................
3110 Screen elements .............................................................................................................................
3110.1 Mode selector .......................................................................................................................
3210.2 Result table and measurement tools ...................................................................................
3310.3 Toolbox, indicators and other objects ..................................................................................
3410.4 Screen elements in infrared images .....................................................................................
3511 Connecting external devices .........................................................................................................
3611.1 Connecting devices to the rear connectors .........................................................................
3811.2 Connecting devices to the front connector ..........................................................................
3911.3 Inserting SD Memory Cards .................................................................................................
4112 Pairing Bluetooth devices ..............................................................................................................
4313 Handling the camera ......................................................................................................................
4313.1 Charging the camera battery ...............................................................................................
4313.1.1 Charging the battery using the power supply cable ............................................
4413.1.2 Charging the battery using the stand-alone battery charger ...............................
13.2.1 Using the combined power supply and battery charger to charge the battery
when it is inside the remote control ......................................................................
13.2.2 Using the combined power supply and battery charger to charge the battery
when it is outside the remote control ...................................................................
Publ. No. 1558550 Rev. a557 – ENGLISH (EN) – October 7, 2011 xiii
4513.2 Charging the remote control battery ....................................................................................
46
47
4813.3 Installing and removing the camera battery ........................................................................
4813.3.1 Installing the battery ..............................................................................................
4913.3.2 Removing the battery ............................................................................................
5013.4 Installing and removing the remote control battery .............................................................
5013.4.1 Installing the remote control battery .....................................................................
5213.4.2 Removing the remote control battery ...................................................................
5413.5 Turning on the camera .........................................................................................................
5413.6 Turning off the camera ..........................................................................................................
5413.7 Setting power save mode .....................................................................................................
5513.8 Adjusting the viewfinder eyepiece ........................................................................................
5613.9 Adjusting the viewing angle of the viewfinder ......................................................................
5713.10 Adjusting the viewfinder’s dioptric correction ......................................................................
5813.11 Adjusting the camera grip ....................................................................................................
5913.12 Opening the display .............................................................................................................
6013.13 Adjusting the viewing angle of the display ...........................................................................
6113.14 Installing an infrared lens .....................................................................................................
6213.15 Removing an infrared lens ...................................................................................................
6313.16 Adjusting the infrared camera focus manually ....................................................................
6413.17 Adjusting the infrared camera focus ....................................................................................
6513.18 Autofocusing the infrared camera ........................................................................................
6613.19 Autofocusing the digital camera ...........................................................................................
6713.20 Operating the laser pointer ...................................................................................................
6914 Working with views and images ...................................................................................................
6914.1 Previewing an image ............................................................................................................
7014.2 Saving an image ...................................................................................................................
7114.3 Opening an image ................................................................................................................
7214.4 Using the zoom function ......................................................................................................
7314.5 Using the Panorama function ...............................................................................................
7514.6 Using the pan function .........................................................................................................
7614.7 Adjusting an image ...............................................................................................................
7914.8 Changing maximum and minimum scale values .................................................................
8014.9 Hiding overlay graphics ........................................................................................................
8114.10 Changing the palette ............................................................................................................
8214.11 Associating images ..............................................................................................................
8314.12 Setting & switching reference images ..................................................................................
8514.13 A note about the folder structure .........................................................................................
8614.14 Specifying work folder ..........................................................................................................
8714.15 Creating a new work folder ..................................................................................................
8814.16 Deleting a work folder ...........................................................................................................
8914.17 Deleting an image .................................................................................................................
9014.18 Deleting all images ...............................................................................................................
9115 Working with fusion ........................................................................................................................
9516 Working with measurement tools .................................................................................................
9516.1 Creating & setting up a spotmeter .......................................................................................
9716.2 Creating & setting up a box or circle ....................................................................................
9916.3 Creating & setting up an isotherm .......................................................................................
10116.4 Creating & setting up a line ..................................................................................................
10316.5 Creating & setting up a difference calculation .....................................................................
10416.6 Changing object parameters ................................................................................................
10717 Fetching data from external Extech meters .................................................................................
10917.1 Typical moisture measurement and documentation procedure ..........................................
11118 Working with alarms .......................................................................................................................
xiv Publ. No. 1558550 Rev. a557 – ENGLISH (EN) – October 7, 2011
11118.1 General alarms .....................................................................................................................
11318.2 Building alarms .....................................................................................................................
11519 Annotating images ..........................................................................................................................
11619.1 Taking a digital photo ...........................................................................................................
11719.2 Creating a voice annotation .................................................................................................
11919.3 Creating a text annotation ....................................................................................................
12219.4 Adding an image description ...............................................................................................
12520 Programming the camera ..............................................................................................................
12721 Recording video clips ....................................................................................................................
12721.1 Recording non-radiometric video clips ................................................................................
12921.2 Recording radiometric infrared sequence files ....................................................................
13122 Changing settings ..........................................................................................................................
13122.1 Changing IR preferences .....................................................................................................
13122.1.1 Changing temperature range ...............................................................................
13222.1.2 Changing image enhancement filters ..................................................................
13322.2 Changing settings for camera behavior ...............................................................................
13322.2.1 Changing the number of measurement tools ......................................................
13422.2.2 Changing settings for image saving .....................................................................
13522.2.3 Programming user-defined buttons .....................................................................
13622.3 Changing settings for hardware ...........................................................................................
13622.3.1 Changing settings for USB mode .........................................................................
13722.3.2 Connecting the camera using a peer-to-peer (ad hoc) WLAN network ..............
13822.3.3 Connecting the camera using a infrastructure WLAN network ............................
13922.3.4 Changing Wi-Fi settings .......................................................................................
14022.3.5 Changing settings for the laser ............................................................................
14122.3.6 Enabling or disabling GPS ...................................................................................
14222.3.7 Changing settings for power management ..........................................................
14322.3.8 Changing settings for the LCD display .................................................................
14422.3.9 Changing settings for video clips .........................................................................
14522.4 Changing general preferences .............................................................................................
14522.4.1 Changing view settings ........................................................................................
14622.4.2 Changing menu settings ......................................................................................
14722.4.3 Changing regional settings ...................................................................................
14822.4.4 Changing date, time and time zone .....................................................................
14922.4.5 Working with user profiles ....................................................................................
15123 Cleaning the camera ......................................................................................................................
15123.1 Camera housing, cables, and other items ...........................................................................
15223.2 Infrared lens ..........................................................................................................................
15323.3 Infrared detector ...................................................................................................................
15524 Technical data .................................................................................................................................
15624.1 Additional data ......................................................................................................................
15925 Finding the IP address for a camera connected using a FireWire cable .................................
16126 Dimensional drawings ...................................................................................................................
16126.1 Camera .................................................................................................................................
16126.1.1 Camera dimensions, front view, excl. lens ...........................................................
16226.1.2 Camera dimensions, side view, excl. lens ............................................................
16326.1.3 Camera dimensions, side view, incl. 45°/19 mm lens ..........................................
Publ. No. 1558550 Rev. a557 – ENGLISH (EN) – October 7, 2011 xv
26.1.6 Camera dimensions, side view, incl. close-up lens (P/N: 1196683) mounted on
a 40 mm lens ........................................................................................................
26.1.10 Camera dimensions, position of tripodmount, incl. close-uplens (P/N: 1196683)
mounted on a 24°/40 mm lens .............................................................................
28.3.1.2 Guidelines for moisture detection, mold detection & detection of
water damages ..................................................................................
16426.1.4 Camera dimensions, side view, incl. 24°/40 mm lens ..........................................
16526.1.5 Camera dimensions, side view, incl. 12°/76 mm lens ..........................................
166
16726.1.7 Camera dimensions, position of tripod mount, incl. 45°/19 mm lens .................
16826.1.8 Camera dimensions, position of tripod mount, incl. 24°/40 mm lens .................
16926.1.9 Camera dimensions, position of tripod mount, incl. 12°/76 mm lens .................
170
17126.1.11 Camera dimensions, distance from tripod mount to optical center ....................
17226.2 Camera battery .....................................................................................................................
17326.3 Stand-alone charger for camera battery ..............................................................................
17326.3.1 Stand-alone battery charger, excl. battery ...........................................................
17526.3.2 Stand-alone battery charger, incl. battery ............................................................
17626.4 Remote control .....................................................................................................................
17626.4.1 Remote control dimensions, front view ................................................................
17726.4.2 Remote control dimensions, side view .................................................................
17826.4.3 Remote control dimensions, top view ..................................................................
17926.5 Remote control battery .........................................................................................................
18127 Application examples .....................................................................................................................
18127.1 Moisture & water damage ....................................................................................................
18227.2 Faulty contact in socket ........................................................................................................
18327.3 Oxidized socket ....................................................................................................................
18427.4 Insulation deficiencies ..........................................................................................................
18527.5 Draft ......................................................................................................................................
18728 Introduction to building thermography ........................................................................................
18728.1 Disclaimer .............................................................................................................................
18728.1.1 Copyright notice ...................................................................................................
18728.1.2 Training & certification ..........................................................................................
18728.1.3 National or regional building codes .....................................................................
18728.2 Important note ......................................................................................................................
18828.3 Typical field investigations ....................................................................................................
18828.3.1 Guidelines .............................................................................................................
18828.3.1.1 General guidelines ............................................................................
188
18928.3.1.3 Guidelines for detection of air infiltration & insulation deficiencies ...
19028.3.2 About moisture detection .....................................................................................
19028.3.3 Moisture detection (1): Low-slope commercial roofs ..........................................
19028.3.3.1 General information ...........................................................................
19128.3.3.2 Safety precautions ............................................................................
19228.3.3.3 Commented building structures .......................................................
19328.3.3.4 Commented infrared images ............................................................
19528.3.4 Moisture detection (2): Commercial & residential façades ..................................
19528.3.4.1 General information ...........................................................................
19528.3.4.2 Commented building structures .......................................................
19728.3.4.3 Commented infrared images ............................................................
19728.3.5 Moisture detection (3): Decks & balconies ..........................................................
19728.3.5.1 General information ...........................................................................
19828.3.5.2 Commented building structures .......................................................
20028.3.5.3 Commented infrared images ............................................................
20028.3.6 Moisture detection (4): Plumbing breaks & leaks ................................................
xvi Publ. No. 1558550 Rev. a557 – ENGLISH (EN) – October 7, 2011
28.4.8 Excerpt from Technical Note ‘Assessing thermal bridging and insulation
continuity’ (UK example) ......................................................................................
20028.3.6.1 General information ...........................................................................
20128.3.6.2 Commented infrared images ............................................................
20328.3.7 Air infiltration .........................................................................................................
20328.3.7.1 General information ...........................................................................
20328.3.7.2 Commented building structures .......................................................
20528.3.7.3 Commented infrared images ............................................................
20628.3.8 Insulation deficiencies ..........................................................................................
20628.3.8.1 General information ...........................................................................
20628.3.8.2 Commented building structures .......................................................
20828.3.8.3 Commented infrared images ............................................................
21028.4 Theory of building science ...................................................................................................
21028.4.1 General information ..............................................................................................
21128.4.2 The effects of testing and checking .....................................................................
21228.4.3 Sources of disruption in thermography ................................................................
21428.4.4 Surface temperature and air leaks .......................................................................
21428.4.4.1 Pressure conditions in a building .....................................................
22028.4.5 Measuring conditions & measuring season .........................................................
22028.4.6 Interpretation of infrared images ..........................................................................
22228.4.7 Humidity & dew point ...........................................................................................
22228.4.7.1 Relative & absolute humidity ............................................................
22228.4.7.2 Definition of dew point ......................................................................
222
22228.4.8.1 Credits ...............................................................................................
22328.4.8.2 Introduction .......................................................................................
22328.4.8.3 Background information ...................................................................
22428.4.8.4 Quantitative appraisal of thermal anomalies ....................................
22728.4.8.5 Conditions and equipment ...............................................................
22828.4.8.6 Survey and analysis ..........................................................................
22928.4.8.7 Reporting ...........................................................................................
23129 Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations ......................................
23129.1 Important note ......................................................................................................................
23129.2 General information ..............................................................................................................
23129.2.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................
23229.2.2 General equipment data .......................................................................................
23329.2.3 Inspection .............................................................................................................
23329.2.4 Classification & reporting ......................................................................................
23429.2.5 Priority ...................................................................................................................
23429.2.6 Repair ....................................................................................................................
23529.2.7 Control ..................................................................................................................
23629.3 Measurement technique for thermographic inspection of electrical installations ...............
23629.3.1 How to correctly set the equipment .....................................................................
23629.3.2 Temperature measurement ...................................................................................
23829.3.3 Comparative measurement ..................................................................................
23929.3.4 Normal operating temperature .............................................................................
24029.3.5 Classification of faults ...........................................................................................
24229.4 Reporting ..............................................................................................................................
24429.5 Different types of hot spots in electrical installations ...........................................................
24429.5.1 Reflections ............................................................................................................
24429.5.2 Solar heating .........................................................................................................
24529.5.3 Inductive heating ...................................................................................................
24529.5.4 Load variations ......................................................................................................
Publ. No. 1558550 Rev. a557 – ENGLISH (EN) – October 7, 2011 xvii
24629.5.5 Varying cooling conditions ...................................................................................
24729.5.6 Resistance variations ............................................................................................
24729.5.7 Overheating in one part as a result of a fault in another ......................................
24929.6 Disturbance factors at thermographic inspection of electrical installations ........................
24929.6.1 Wind ......................................................................................................................
24929.6.2 Rain and snow ......................................................................................................
25029.6.3 Distance to object .................................................................................................
25129.6.4 Object size ............................................................................................................
25329.7 Practical advice for the thermographer ................................................................................
25329.7.1 From cold to hot ...................................................................................................
25329.7.2 Rain showers ........................................................................................................
25329.7.3 Emissivity ..............................................................................................................
25429.7.4 Reflected apparent temperature ...........................................................................
25429.7.5 Object too far away ...............................................................................................
25530 About FLIR Systems .......................................................................................................................
25630.1 More than just an infrared camera .......................................................................................
25730.2 Sharing our knowledge ........................................................................................................
25730.3 Supporting our customers ...................................................................................................
25730.4 A few images from our facilities ...........................................................................................
25931 Glossary ...........................................................................................................................................
26332 Thermographic measurement techniques ...................................................................................
26332.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................
26332.2 Emissivity ..............................................................................................................................
26432.2.1 Finding the emissivity of a sample .......................................................................
26432.2.1.1 Step 1: Determining reflected apparent temperature .......................
26632.2.1.2 Step 2: Determining the emissivity ...................................................
26732.3 Reflected apparent temperature ..........................................................................................
26732.4 Distance ................................................................................................................................
26732.5 Relative humidity ..................................................................................................................
26732.6 Other parameters ..................................................................................................................
26933 History of infrared technology ......................................................................................................
27334 Theory of thermography ................................................................................................................
27334.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................
27334.2 The electromagnetic spectrum ............................................................................................
27434.3 Blackbody radiation ..............................................................................................................
27534.3.1 Planck’s law ..........................................................................................................
27634.3.2 Wien’s displacement law ......................................................................................
27834.3.3 Stefan-Boltzmann's law .........................................................................................
27934.3.4 Non-blackbody emitters .......................................................................................
28134.4 Infrared semi-transparent materials .....................................................................................
28335 The measurement formula .............................................................................................................
28936 Emissivity tables .............................................................................................................................
28936.1 References ............................................................................................................................
28936.2 Important note about the emissivity tables ..........................................................................
29036.3 Tables ....................................................................................................................................
xviii Publ. No. 1558550 Rev. a557 – ENGLISH (EN) – October 7, 2011

1 Warnings & Cautions

(Applies only to Class A digital devices.) This equipment generates, uses, and
WARNING
can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause interference to radio communications. It has been tested andfound to complywith the limitsfor a ClassA computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial environment. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct the interference. (Applies only to Class B digital devices.) This equipment has been tested and
found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Theselimits are designedto provide reasonableprotection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and canradiate radiofrequencyenergy and, ifnot installed andused in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular in­stallation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, whichcan be determinedby turning the equipmentoff and on,the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which
the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
(Applies only to digital devices subject to 15.19/RSS-210.) NOTICE: This device
complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules and with RSS-210 of Industry Canada. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1 this device may not cause harmful interference, and 2 this device must accept any interference received, including interference that
may cause undesired operation.
(Applies only to digital devices subject to 15.21.) NOTICE: Changes or modifica-
tions made to this equipment not expressly approved by (manufacturer name) may void the FCC authorization to operate this equipment. (Applies onlyto digitaldevicessubject to2.1091/2.1093/OETBulletin 65.) Radiofre-
quency radiation exposure Information: Theradiatedoutput power ofthe device is far below the FCC radio frequency exposure limits. Nevertheless, the device shall beused in such amanner that the potentialfor human contact duringnormal operation is minimized. (Applies only to cameras with laser pointer:) Do not look directly into the laser
beam. The laser beam can cause eye irritation. Applies only to cameras with battery:
Do not disassemble or do a modification to the battery. The battery contains
safety and protection devices which, if they become damaged, can cause the battery to become hot, or cause an explosion or an ignition.
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Publ. No. 1558550 Rev. a557 – ENGLISH (EN) – October 7, 2011 1
1 – Warnings & Cautions
1
CAUTION
If there is a leak from the battery and the fluid gets into your eyes, do not rub
your eyes.Flush well withwater and immediatelyget medical care. Thebattery fluid can cause injury to your eyes if you do not do this. Do not continue to charge the battery if it does not become charged in the
specified charging time. If you continue to charge the battery, it can become hot and cause an explosion or ignition. Only use the correct equipment to discharge the battery. If you do not use the
correct equipment, you can decrease the performance or the life cycle of the battery. If you do not use the correct equipment, an incorrect flow of current to the battery can occur. This can cause the battery to become hot, or cause an explosion and injury to persons.
Make sure that you read all applicable MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets) and
warning labelson containersbeforeyou usea liquid: theliquids can bedangerous.
Do not point theinfrared camera (withor without the lens cover)at intensive energy
sources, for example devices that emit laser radiation, or the sun. This can have an unwanted effect on the accuracy of the camera. It can also cause damage to the detector in the camera. Do not use the camera in a temperature higher than +50°C (+122°F), unless
specified otherwise in the user documentation. High temperatures can cause damage to the camera. (Applies only to cameras with laser pointer:) Protect the laser pointer with the
protective cap when you do not operate the laser pointer. Applies only to cameras with battery:
Do not attach the batteries directly to a car’s cigarette lighter socket, unless a
specific adapter for connecting the batteries to a cigarette lighter socket is provided by FLIR Systems. Do not connect the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery
to each other with a metal object (such as wire). Do not get water or salt water on the battery, or permit the battery to get wet.
Do not make holes in the battery with objects. Do not hit the battery with a
hammer. Do not step on the battery, or apply strong impacts or shocks to it. Do not put thebatteries inor near a fire, orinto direct sunlight. When thebattery
becomes hot, the built-in safety equipment becomes energized and can stop the battery charging process. If the battery becomes hot, damage can occur to the safety equipment and this can cause more heat, damage or ignition of the battery. Do not put the battery on a fire or increase the temperature of the battery with
heat. Do not put the battery on or near fires, stoves, or other high-temperature loca-
tions. Do not solder directly onto the battery.
Do not use the battery if, when you use, charge, or store the battery, there is
an unusual smell fromthe battery,the battery feelshot, changes color, changes shape, or is in an unusual condition. Contact your sales office if one or more of these problems occurs. Only use a specified battery charger when you charge the battery.
2 Publ. No. 1558550 Rev. a557 – ENGLISH (EN) – October 7, 2011
1 – Warnings & Cautions
The temperature range through which you can charge the battery is ±0°C to
+45°C (+32°F to +113°F), unless specified otherwise in the user documenta­tion. If you charge the battery at temperatures out of this range, it can cause the battery to become hot or to break. It can also decrease the performance or the life cycle of the battery. The temperature range through which you can dischargethe battery is −15°C
to +50°C (+5°F to +122°F), unless specified otherwise in the user documen­tation. Use of the battery out of this temperature range can decrease the per­formance or the life cycle of the battery. When the battery is worn, apply insulation to the terminals with adhesive tape
or similar materials before you discard it. Remove any water or moisture on the battery before you install it.
Do not apply solvents or similar liquids to the camera, the cables, or other items.
This can cause damage. Be careful when you cleanthe infraredlens. The lens has a delicate anti-reflective
coating. Do not clean the infrared lens too vigorously. This can damage the anti-reflective
coating. In furnace and other high-temperature applications,you mustmount aheatshield
on the camera. Using the camera in furnace and other high-temperature applica­tions without a heatshield can cause damage to the camera. (Applies only to cameras with an automatic shutter that can be disabled.) Do not
disable the automatic shutter in the camera for a prolonged time period (typically max. 30 minutes). Disabling the shutter for a longer time period may harm, or ir­reparably damage, the detector. The encapsulationratingis valid onlywhen all openings onthe camera are sealed
with their designated covers, hatches, or caps. This includes, but is not limited to, compartments for data storage, batteries, and connectors.
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Publ. No. 1558550 Rev. a557 – ENGLISH (EN) – October 7, 2011 3
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4 Publ. No. 1558550 Rev. a557 – ENGLISH (EN) – October 7, 2011

2 Notice to user

Typographical conventions
User-to-user forums
Calibration
Accuracy
Disposal of electronic waste
This manual uses the following typographical conventions:
Semibold is used for menu names, menu commands and labels, and buttons in
dialog boxes. Italic is used for important information.
Monospace is used for code samples.
UPPER CASE is used for names on keys and buttons.
Exchange ideas,problems, and infraredsolutions with fellowthermographers around the world in our user-to-user forums. To go to the forums, visit:
http://www.infraredtraining.com/community/boards/
(This notice only applies to cameras with measurement capabilities.) We recommend that you send in the camera for calibration once a year. Contact
your local sales office for instructions on where to send the camera.
(This notice only applies to cameras with measurement capabilities.) For very accurate results, we recommend that you wait 5 minutes after you have
started the camera before measuring a temperature. For cameras where the detector is cooled by a mechanical cooler, this time period
excludes the time it takes to cool down the detector.
10742803;a1
2
As with most electronic products, this equipment must be disposed of in an environ­mentally friendlyway, and in accordance withexisting regulations forelectronic waste.
Please contact your FLIR Systems representative for more details.
Training
Publ. No. 1558550 Rev. a557 – ENGLISH (EN) – October 7, 2011 5
To read about infrared training, visit:
http://www.infraredtraining.com
http://www.irtraining.com
http://www.irtraining.eu
2 – Notice to user
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6 Publ. No. 1558550 Rev. a557 – ENGLISH (EN) – October 7, 2011

3 Customer help

General
Submitting a question
Downloads
For customer help, visit: http://support.flir.com
To submit a question to the customer help team, you must be a registered user. It only takes a fewminutes to registeronline. If you only wantto search the knowledge­base for existing questions and answers, you do not need to be a registered user.
When you want to submit a question, makesure thatyou have the following informa­tion to hand:
The camera model
The camera serial number
The communication protocol, or method, between the camera and your PC (for
example, HDMI, Ethernet, USB™, or FireWire™) Operating system on your PC
Microsoft®Office version
Full name, publication number, and revision number of the manual
On the customer help site you can also download the following:
Firmware updates for your infrared camera
Program updates for your PC software
User documentation
Application stories
Technical publications
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8 Publ. No. 1558550 Rev. a557 – ENGLISH (EN) – October 7, 2011

4 Documentation updates

General
Our manuals are updated several times per year, and we also issue product-critical notifications of changes on a regular basis.
To access the latest manuals and notifications, go to the Download tab at: http://support.flir.com It only takes a few minutes to register online. In the download area you will also find
the latest releases of manuals for our other products, as well as manuals for our historical and obsolete products.
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5 Important note about this manual

General
NOTE
FLIR Systems issues generic manuals that cover several cameras within a model line.
This means that this manual may contain descriptions and explanations that do not apply to your particular camera model.
FLIR Systemsreserves therightto discontinuemodels,software, parts oraccessories, and other items, or to change specifications and/or functionality at any time without prior notice.
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