FLIR A310 ex User Manual

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User’s manual FLIR A310 ex

#T559891; r. AD/38469/38469; en-US

iii

Table of contents

1 Disclaimers ............ .. ..................................... .. ................................. 1

1.1 Legal disclaimer ....................................................................... 1

1.2 Usage statistics ........................................................................1

1.3 Changes to registry ...................................................................1

1.4 U.S. Government Regulations...................................................... 1

1.5 Copyright ................................................................................1

1.6 Quality assurance .....................................................................1

1.7 Patents...................................................................................1

1.8 EULA Terms ............................................................................1

1.9 EULA Terms ............................................................................1

2 Notice to user ......... .. ..................................... .. ................................. 3

2.1 User-to-user forums .................................................................. 3

2.2 Calibration...............................................................................3

2.3 Accuracy ................................................................................ 3

2.4 Disposal of electronic waste........................................................ 3

2.5 Training .................................................................................. 3

2.6 Documentation updates ............................................................. 3

2.7 Important note about this manual.................................................. 3

2.8 Note about authoritative versions..................................................3

3 Customer help .............. .. .. .. ............................... .. .. .. ......................... 4

3.1 General ..................................................................................4

3.2 Submitting a question ................................................................4

3.3 Downloads ..............................................................................5

4 Safety information .......... .. ..................................... .. ..........................6

5 What is FLIR A310 ex?..................................... .. ................................. 7

6 Typical system overview.......................... ..................................... .. ....8

7 Typical system setup procedure...................... ....................................9

8 Technical data ......... .. ..................................... .. ............................... 10

8.1 Online field-of-view calculator .................................................... 10

8.2 Note about technical data ......................................................... 10

8.3 Note about authoritative versions................................................ 10

8.4 FLIR A310 ex 25°.................................................................... 11

8.5 FLIR A310 ex 45°.................................................................... 14

9 Mechanical drawings .. .. ..................................... .............................. 17

10 EC Type Examination Certificate........................... .. ........................... 19

11 EC Type Examination Certificate, 1st supplement. ............................... 22

12 EC Type Examination Certificate, 3rd supplement . .............................. 25

13 EC Declaration of conformity (enclosure) ..................... .. .................... 28

14 Certiticate of conformity (camera) ..... ....................................... ......... 30

15 About FLIR Systems .................. .. ..................................... .. ............. 32

15.1 More than just an infrared camera .............................................. 33

15.2 Sharing our knowledge ............................................................ 33

15.3 Supporting our customers......................................................... 33

16 Glossary .... ..................................... .. ..................................... .. ...... 35

17 Thermographic measurement techniques .............................. .. .......... 38

17.1 Introduction .......................................................................... 38

17.2 Emissivity.............................................................................. 38

17.2.1 Finding the emissivity of a sample.................................... 38

17.3 Reflected apparent temperature ................................................. 41

17.4 Distance ............................................................................... 42

17.5 Relative humidity .................................................................... 42

17.6 Other parameters.................................................................... 42

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Table of contents

18 History of infrared technology................................. .. .. .. .................... 43

19 Theory of thermography.. .. ..................................... .. ........................ 46

19.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 46

19.2 The electromagnetic spectrum................................................... 46

19.3 Blackbody radiation................................................................. 46

19.3.1 Planck’s law ................................................................ 47

19.3.2 Wien’s displacement law................................................ 48

19.3.3 Stefan-Boltzmann's law ................................................. 49

19.3.4 Non-blackbody emitters................................................. 50

19.4 Infrared semi-transparent materials............................................. 52

20 The measurement formula....................... ..................................... .. .. 53

21 Emissivity tables ..................................... .. ..................................... . 57

21.1 References............................................................................ 57

21.2 Tables .................................................................................. 57

A OEM manual (German)....... .. .. .. ................................. .. .. .. ................. 68

B OEM manual (English) ....... .. ..................................... ....................... 92

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Disclaimers

1.1 Legal disclaimer

All products manufactured by FLIR Systems are warranted against defective materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the delivery date of the original purchase, provided such products have been under normal storage, use and service, and in accordance with FLIR Systems instruction.

Uncooled handheld infrared cameras manufactured by FLIR Systems are warranted against defective materials and workmanship for a period of two (2) years from the delivery date of theoriginal purchase, provided such products have been under normal storage, use and service, and in accordance with FLIR Systems instruction, and provided that the camera has been registered within 60 days of original purchase.

Detectors for uncooled handheld infrared cameras manufactured by FLIR Systems are warranted against defective materials and workmanship for a period of ten (10) years from the delivery date of the original purchase, provided such products have been under normal storage, use and service, and in accordance with FLIR Systems instruction, and provided that the camera has been registered within 60 days of original purchase.

Products which are not manufactured by FLIR Systems but included in systems delivered by FLIR Systems to the original purchaser, carry the warranty, if any, of the particular supplier only. FLIR Systems has no responsibility whatsoever for such products.

The warranty extends only to the original purchaser and is not transferable. It is not applicable to any product which has been subjected to misuse, neglect, accident or abnormal conditions of operation. Expendable partsare excluded from the warranty.

In the case of a defect in a product covered by this warranty the product must not be further used in order to prevent additional damage. The purchaser shall promptly report any defect to FLIR Systems or this warranty will not apply.

FLIR Systems will, at its option, repair or replace any such defective product free of charge if, upon inspection, it proves to be defective in material or workmanship and provided that it is returned to FLIR Systems within the said oneyear period.

FLIR Systems has no other obligation or liability for defects than those set forth above.

No other warranty is expressed or implied. FLIR Systems specifically disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.

FLIR Systems shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential loss or damage, whether based on contract, tort or anyother legal theory.

This warranty shall be governed by Swedish law. Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or in connection with thiswar-

ranty, shall be finally settled by arbitration in accordance with the Rules of the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce. The place of arbitration shall be Stockholm. The language to be used in thearbitral proceedings shall be English.

1.2 Usage statistics

FLIR Systems reserves the right to gather anonymous usage statistics to help maintain and improve the quality of our software and services.

1.3 Changes to registry

The registry entry HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet \Control\Lsa\LmCompatibilityLevel will be automatically changed to level 2 if the FLIR Camera Monitor service detects a FLIR camera connected to the computer with a USB cable. The modification will only be executed if the camera device implements a remote network service that supports network logons.

1.4 U.S. Government Regulations

This product may be subject to U.S. Export Regulations. Please send any inquiries to exportquestions@flir.com.

1.5 Copyright

© 2016, FLIR Systems, Inc. All rights reserved worldwide. No parts of the software including source code may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed or translated into any language or computer language in any form or by any means, electronic, magnetic, optical, manual or otherwise, without the prior written permission of FLIR Systems.

The documentation must not, in whole or part, be copied, photocopied,reproduced, translated or transmitted to any electronic mediumor machine readable form without prior consent, in writing, from FLIR Systems.

Names and marks appearing on the products herein are either registered trademarks or trademarks of FLIR Systems and/or its subsidiaries. All other trademarks, trade names or company names referenced herein are used for identification only and are the property of their respective owners.

1.6 Quality assurance

The Quality Management System under which these products are developed and manufactured has been certified in accordance with the ISO 9001 standard.

FLIR Systems is committed to a policy of continuous development; therefore we reserve the right to make changes andimprovements on any of the products without prior notice.

1.7 Patents

One or several of thefollowing patents and/or design patents may apply to the products and/or features. Additional pending patents and/or pending design patents may also apply.

000279476-0001; 000439161; 000499579-0001; 000653423; 000726344; 000859020; 001106306-0001; 001707738; 001707746; 001707787; 001776519; 001954074; 002021543; 002058180; 002249953; 002531178; 0600574-8; 1144833; 1182246; 1182620; 1285345; 1299699; 1325808; 1336775; 1391114; 1402918; 1404291; 1411581; 1415075; 1421497; 1458284; 1678485; 1732314; 2106017; 2107799; 2381417; 3006596; 3006597; 466540; 483782; 484155; 4889913; 5177595; 60122153.2;

602004011681.5-08; 6707044; 68657; 7034300; 7110035; 7154093; 7157705; 7237946; 7312822; 7332716; 7336823; 7544944; 7667198; 7809258 B2; 7826736; 8,153,971; 8,823,803; 8,853,631; 8018649 B2; 8212210 B2; 8289372; 8354639 B2; 8384783; 8520970; 8565547; 8595689; 8599262; 8654239; 8680468; 8803093; D540838; D549758; D579475; D584755; D599,392; D615,113; D664,580; D664,581; D665,004; D665,440; D677298; D710,424 S; D718801; DI6702302-9; DI6903617-9; DI7002221-6; DI7002891-5; DI7002892-3; DI7005799-0; DM/057692; DM/061609; EP 2115696 B1; EP2315433; SE 0700240-5; US 8340414 B2; ZL

201330267619.5; ZL01823221.3; ZL01823226.4; ZL02331553.9; ZL02331554.7; ZL200480034894.0; ZL200530120994.2; ZL200610088759.5; ZL200630130114.4; ZL200730151141.4; ZL200730339504.7; ZL200820105768.8; ZL200830128581.2; ZL200880105236.4; ZL200880105769.2; ZL200930190061.9; ZL201030176127.1; ZL201030176130.3; ZL201030176157.2; ZL201030595931.3; ZL201130442354.9; ZL201230471744.3; ZL201230620731.8.

1.8 EULA Terms

• Youhave acquired a device (“INFRARED CAMERA”) that includes software licensed by FLIR Systems AB from Microsoft Licensing, GP or its affiliates (“MS”). Those installed software products of MS origin, as well as associated media, printed materials, and “online” or electronic documentation (“SOFTWARE”) are protected by international intellectual property laws and treaties. The SOFTWARE is licensed, not sold. All rights reserved.

• IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THIS END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT (“EULA”), DO NOT USE THE DEVICE OR COPY THE SOFTWARE. INSTEAD, PROMPTLY CONTACT FLIR Systems AB FOR INSTRUCTIONS ON RETURN OF THE UNUSED DEVICE(S) FOR A REFUND.

ANY USE OF THE SOFTWARE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO USE ON THE DEVICE, WILL CONSTITUTE YOUR AGREEMENT TO THIS EULA (OR RATIFICATION OF ANY PREVIOUS CONSENT).

• GRANT OF SOFTWARE LICENSE. This EULAgrants you the following license:

◦ Youmay use the SOFTWARE only on the DEVICE. ◦ NOT FAULT TOLERANT. THE SOFTWARE IS NOT FAULT TOL-

ERANT.FLIR SystemsAB HAS INDEPENDENTLYDETERMINED HOW TO USE THE SOFTWARE IN THE DEVICE, AND MS HAS RELIED UPON FLIR Systems AB TO CONDUCT SUFFICIENT TESTING TO DETERMINE THAT THE SOFTWARE IS SUITABLE FOR SUCH USE.

◦ NO WARRANTIES FOR THE SOFTWARE. THE SOFTWARE is

provided “AS IS” and with all faults. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO SATISFACTORY QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, ACCURACY, AND EFFORT (INCLUDING LACK OF NEGLIGENCE) IS WITH YOU. ALSO, THERE IS NO WARRANTYAGAINST INTERFERENCE WITH YOUR ENJOYMENT OF THE SOFTWARE OR AGAINST INFRINGEMENT.IF YOU HAVE RECEIVED ANY WARRANTIES

REGARDING THE DEVICE OR THE SOFTWARE, THOSE WARRANTIES DO NOT ORIGINATE FROM, AND ARE NOT BINDING ON, MS.

◦ No Liability for Certain Damages. EXCEPT AS PROHIBITED BY

LAW,MS SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES ARISING FROM OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE. THIS LIMITATION SHALL APPLYEVEN IF ANY REMEDY FAILS OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL MS BE LIABLE FOR ANY AMOUNT IN EXCESS OF U.S. TWO HUNDRED FIFTY DOLLARS (U.S.$250.00).

◦ Limitations on Reverse Engineering, Decompilation, and Dis-

assembly. You may not reverse engineer, decompile, or disas-

semble the SOFTWARE, except and only to the extent that such activity is expressly permitted by applicable law notwithstanding this limitation.

◦ SOFTWARE TRANSFER ALLOWED BUT WITH RESTRIC-

TIONS. You may permanently transfer rights under this EULA only as part of a permanent sale or transfer of the Device, and only if the recipient agrees to this EULA. If the SOFTWARE is an upgrade, any transfer must also include all prior versions of the SOFTWARE.

◦ EXPORT RESTRICTIONS. You acknowledge that SOFTWARE is

subject to U.S. export jurisdiction. You agree to comply with all applicable international and national laws that apply tothe SOFTWARE, including the U.S. Export AdministrationRegulations, as well as end-user, end-use and destination restrictions issued by U. S. and other governments. For additional information see http:// www.microsoft.com/exporting/.

1.9 EULA Terms

Qt4 Core and Qt4 GUI, Copyright ©2013 Nokia Corporation and FLIR Systems AB. This Qt library is a free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General PublicLicense as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This library is distributed in the hope that it willbe useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITYor FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License, http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-2.1.

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Disclaimers1

html. The source code for the libraries Qt4 Core and Qt4GUI may be requested from FLIR Systems AB.

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Notice to user

2.1 User-to-user forums

Exchange ideas, problems, and infrared solutions with fellow thermographers around the world in our user-to-user forums. To go to the forums, visit:

http://www.infraredtraining.com/community/boards/

2.2 Calibration

We recommend that you send in the camera for calibration once a year. Contact your local sales office for instructions on where to send the camera.

2.3 Accuracy

For very accurate results, we recommend that you wait 5 minutes after you have started the camera before measuring a temperature.

2.4 Disposal of electronic waste

As with most electronic products, this equipment must be disposed of in an environmentally friendly way, and in accordance with existing regulations for electronic waste.

Please contact your FLIR Systems representative for more details.

2.5 Training

To read about infrared training, visit:

• http://www.infraredtraining.com

• http://www.irtraining.com

• http://www.irtraining.eu

2.6 Documentation updates

Our manuals are updated several times per year, and we also issue product-critical notifications of changes on a regular basis.

To access the latest manuals, translations of manuals, and notifications, go to the Download tab at:

http://support.flir.com It only takes a few minutes to register online. In the download area you will also find the

latest releases of manuals for our other products, as well as manuals for our historical and obsolete products.

2.7 Important note about this manual

FLIR Systems issues generic manuals that cover several cameras within a model line. This means that this manual may contain descriptions and explanations that do not apply

to your particular camera model.

2.8 Note about authoritative versions

The authoritative version of this publication is English. In the event of divergences due to translation errors, the English text has precedence.

Any late changes are first implemented in English.

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Customer help

3.1 General

For customer help, visit: http://support.flir.com

3.2 Submitting a question

To submit a question to the customer help team, you must be a registered user. It only takes a few minutes to register online. If you only want to search the knowledgebase for existing questions and answers, you do not need to be a registered user.

When you want to submit a question, make sure that you have the following information to hand:

• The camera model

• The camera serial number

• The communication protocol, or method, between the camera and your device (for example, HDMI, Ethernet, USB, or FireWire)

• Device type (PC/Mac/iPhone/iPad/Android device, etc.)

• Version of any programs from FLIR Systems

• Full name, publication number, and revision number of the manual

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Customer help

3.3 Downloads

On the customer help site you can also download the following, when applicable for the product:

• Firmware updates for your infrared camera.

• Program updates for your PC/Mac software.

• Freeware and evaluation versions of PC/Mac software.

• User documentation for current, obsolete, and historical products.

• Mechanical drawings (in *.dxf and *.pdf format).

• Cad data models (in *.stp format).

• Application stories.

• Technical datasheets.

• Product catalogs.

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Safety information

CAUTION

Do not point the infrared camera (with or without the lens cover) at strong energy sources, for example, devices that cause laser radiation, or the sun. This can have an unwanted effect on the accuracy of the camera. It can also cause damage to the detector in the camera.

CAUTION

Applicability: Cameras with an automatic shutter that can be disabled.

Do not disable the automatic shutter in the camera for a long time period (a maximum of 30 minutes is typical). If you disable the shutter for a longer time period, damage to the detector can occur.

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What is FLIR A310 ex?

Explosive atmospheres need to be protected from ignition sources by selecting equipment and protective systems that meet the requirements of the ATEX product directives and similar regulations.

The FLIR A310 ex is an ATEX-proof solution, with a thermal imaging camera mounted in an enclosure, making it possible to monitor critical and other valuable assets in explosive atmospheres. Process monitoring, quality control, and fire detection in potentially explosive locations are typical applications for the FLIR A310 ex.

Key features:

• Thermography monitoring and early fire detection in explosion hazard areas.

• Enclosures for infrared cameras in classification zones 1, 2, 21, and 22.

• ATEX certified to the latest standards.

• Rated to protection class IP67.

• Plug and play installation, with the enclosure delivered ready for use.

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Typical system overview

1. Thermovision System Tools & Utilities CD-ROM.

2. Ethernet cable.

3. Optical-to-Ethernet converter.

4. FC connectors from the camera housing (including two spares).

5. 24 V DC power supply.

6. Pigtail cable from the housing. The color coding of the pigtail cable is:

• Brown: positive (+).

• Blue: negative (–).

• Green/yellow: earth.

1. Not supplied with the camera unit.

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Typical system setup procedure

1. Unpack the camera unit from the cardboard box.

2. Install the camera unit at the intended location. It is the responsibility of the installer

to meet all applicable safety standards required by the authorities of the region in which the unit will be operating in.

3. Connect the camera unit to an external power supply.

The color coding of the pigtail cable is:

• Brown: positive +.

• Blue: negative –.

• Green/yellow: earth. Note The external power supply must not be inside the classified zone.

4. Connect the camera unit to an optical-to-Ethernet converter.

Note The optical-to-Ethernet converter must not be inside the classified zone.

5. Install the Thermovision System Tools & Utilities CD-ROM on a computer connected

to the network. This will install the following software:

• FLIR IP Config.

• FLIR IR Monitor.

• FLIR IR Camera Player.

6. Start FLIR IP Config to identify the unit in the network and automatically assign or

manually set IP addresses, etc. For more information, see the FLIR IP Config manual on the User Documentation CD-ROM or on the Help menu in FLIR IP Config.

7. Start FLIR IR Monitor to control the camera, e.g., laying out measurement tools and

setting up alarms. For more information, see the FLIR IR Monitor manual on the User Documentation CD-ROM or on the Help menu in FLIR IR Monitor.

The unit requires 24 V DC in.

2. Not supplied with the camera unit.

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Technical data

8.1 Online field-of-view calculator

Please visit http://support.flir.com and click the photo of the camera series for field-ofview tables for all lens–camera combinations.

8.2 Note about technical data

FLIR Systems reserves the right to change specifications at any time without prior notice. Please check http://support.flir.com for latest changes.

8.3 Note about authoritative versions

The authoritative version of this publication is English. In the event of divergences due to translation errors, the English text has precedence.

Any late changes are first implemented in English.

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Technical data8

8.4 FLIR A310 ex 25°

P/N: 71001-1103 Rev.: 38447

Introduction

The FLIR A310 ex is an ATEX-proof solution, with a thermal imaging camera mounted in an enclosure—making it possible to monitor critical and other valuable assets in explosive atmospheres. Process monitoring, quality control, and fire detection in potentially explosive locations are typical applications for the FLIR A310 ex.

• Thermographic monitoring and early fire detection in an explosion–hazard area.

• Enclosures for infrared cameras in Ex zones 1, 2, 21, 22.

• ATEX certified.

• Protection class IP67.

• Plug-and-play installation with the enclosure delivered ready for use.

• Available with additional options.

The certification covers the entire system, which includes the enclosure as well as all components inside of it, such as the infrared camera, heater, and integrated controller. This means that no additional certification is required for operation.

The integrated controller is equipped with two fiber optic and two Ethernet ports. This enables a flexible network integration in star ring topologies.

In addition, the integrated controller features several digital I/O channels and sensors for temperature, humidity, and pressure. Among other functions, the I/O channels enable the user to switch on/off the camera and the heater via remote control. Access is through an integrated web interface or Modbus TCP/IP.

Explosion-proof housing

General data

Ambient temperature range for operation –40°C to +60°C (–40°F to +140°F)

Protection class IP67 Weight 6.7 kg (without camera and lens)

Empty volume 5.06 l

External dimensions (without sun shield) D = 170 mm, L = 408 mm

Housing material Nickel-plated aluminium

Surface Powder coated Protection window

Maximum power of the additional heater 16 W

Operating voltage 24 V DC

Maximum electric connection power 60 W

Power cable Helukabel 37264 Length of power cable 4 m (13 ft.)

Power cable configuration Pigtail

Integrated controller 4-port switch with 2 × fiber-optic LC 100Base-FX

Ethernet medium

Length of Ethernet cable 4 m (13 ft.)

Ethernet configuration Pigtail with FC connector

Germanium, double-sided AR Coated, externally with additional hard-carbon layer

or 2 × RJ45(10/100) up-links, ring-topology support for reduced cabling effort, 2 × internal temperature sensors, air humidity and pressure sensor, digital output module controllable via Modbus TCP/IP or web interface to enable turning the heater on/off

Multi-mode breakout fiber AT-V(ZN)Y(ZN)Y 4G50/ 125 OM2

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Technical data8

Explosion protection-specific data

For use in EX zone 1, 2, 21, 22

Ignition protection category Flame-proof enclosure “d”

Maximum surface temperature (according to temperature class T6)

ATEX certification (version -AXC)

Verification certificate ZELM 12 ATEX 0485 X

Maximum 85°C

• II 2G Ex db IIC T6 / T5

• II 2D Ex tb IIIC T85° / T100

Camera system

Imaging and optical data

IR resolution 320 × 240 pixels

Thermal sensitivity/NETD < 0.05°C @ +30°C (+86°F) / 50 mK

Field of view (FOV)

Minimum focus distance 0.4 m (1.31 ft.)

Focal length 18 mm (0.7 in.)

Spatial resolution (IFOV)

Lens identification Automatic F-number 1.3 Image frequency 30 Hz

Focus Automatic or manual (built in motor)

Zoom 1–8× continuous, digital, interpolating zooming on

25° × 18.8°

1.36 mrad

images

Detector data

Detector type Focal plane array (FPA), uncooled

Spectral range

Detector pitch 25 µm

Detector time constant Typical 12 ms

Measurement

Object temperature range

Accuracy ±4°C (±7.2°F) or ±2% of reading

Measurement analysis

Spotmeter

Area 10 boxes with max./min./average/position

Isotherm Measurement option Measurement Mask Filter

Difference temperature Delta temperature between measurement func-

Reference temperature Manually set or captured from any measurement

Atmospheric transmission correction Automatic, based on inputs for distance, atmos-

Optics transmission correction Automatic, based on signals from internal sensors

microbolometer

7.5–13 µm

• –20 to +120°C (–4 to +248°F)

• 0 to +350°C (+32 to +662°F)

1 with above/below/interval

Schedule response: File sending (ftp), email (SMTP)

tions or reference temperature

function

pheric temperature and relative humidity

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Technical data8

Measurement analysis

Emissivity correction Variable from 0.01 to 1.0

Reflected apparent temperature correction Automatic, based on input of reflected

External optics/windows correction Automatic, based on input of optics/window trans-

Measurement corrections Global and individual object parameters

Alarm

Alarm functions 6 automatic alarms on any selected measurement

Alarm output Digital Out, log, store image, file sending (ftp),

Set-up

Color palettes Color palettes (BW, BW inv, Iron, Rain)

Set-up commands Date/time, Temperature (°C/°F)

temperature

mission and temperature

function, Digital In, Camera temperature, timer

email (SMTP), notification

Storage of images

Storage media Built-in memory for image storage

File formats Standard JPEG, 16-bit measurement data

Ethernet

Ethernet Control, result and image

Ethernet, type 100 Mbps

Ethernet, standard IEEE 802.3

Ethernet, configuration Pigtail with FC-connector (fiber)

Ethernet, communication

Ethernet, video streaming

Ethernet, image streaming 16-bit 320 × 240 pixels @ 7-8 Hz

Ethernet, protocols Ethernet/IP, Modbus TCP, TCP, UDP, SNTP, RTSP,

Shipping information

Packaging, type Cardboard box

List of contents

Packaging, weight

Packaging, size 495 × 370 × 192 mm (19.5 × 14.6 × 7.6 in.)

EAN-13 7332558008355 UPC-12 Country of origin Sweden

included

TCP/IP socket-based FLIR proprietary

MPEG-4, ISO/IEC 14496-1 MPEG-4 ASP@L5

• Radiometric

RTP, HTTP, ICMP, IGMP, ftp, SMTP, SMB (CIFS), DHCP, MDNS (Bonjour), uPnP

• Infrared camera with lens, in explosion-proof housing

• Printed documentation

• Utility CD-ROM

845188008703

Supplies & accessories

• T911263ACC; Wall mount kit

• T911288ACC; Pole mount adapter for wall mount kit

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Technical data8

8.5 FLIR A310 ex 45°

P/N: 71001-1104 Rev.: 38447

Introduction

• Thermographic monitoring and early fire detection in an explosion–hazard area.

• Enclosures for infrared cameras in Ex zones 1, 2, 21, 22.

• ATEX certified.

• Protection class IP67.

• Plug-and-play installation with the enclosure delivered ready for use.

• Available with additional options. The certification covers the entire system, which includes the enclosure as well as all

components inside of it, such as the infrared camera, heater, and integrated controller. This means that no additional certification is required for operation.

The integrated controller is equipped with two fiber optic and two Ethernet ports. This enables a flexible network integration in star ring topologies.

Explosion-proof housing

General data

Ambient temperature range for operation –40°C to +60°C (–40°F to +140°F)

Protection class IP67 Weight 6.7 kg (without camera and lens)

Empty volume 5.06 l

External dimensions (without sun shield) D = 170 mm, L = 408 mm

Housing material Nickel-plated aluminium

Surface Powder coated Protection window

Maximum power of the additional heater 16 W

Operating voltage 24 V DC

Maximum electric connection power 60 W

Power cable Helukabel 37264 Length of power cable 4 m (13 ft.)

Power cable configuration Pigtail

Integrated controller 4-port switch with 2 × fiber-optic LC 100Base-FX

Ethernet medium

Length of Ethernet cable 4 m (13 ft.)

Ethernet configuration Pigtail with FC connector

Germanium, double-sided AR Coated, externally with additional hard-carbon layer

Multi-mode breakout fiber AT-V(ZN)Y(ZN)Y 4G50/ 125 OM2

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Technical data8

Explosion protection-specific data

For use in EX zone 1, 2, 21, 22.

Ignition protection category Flame-proof enclosure “d”

Maximum surface temperature (according to temperature class T6)

ATEX certification (version -AXC)

Verification certificate ZELM 12 ATEX 0485 X

Maximum 85°C

• II 2G Ex db IIC T6 / T5

• II 2D Ex tb IIIC T85° / T100

Camera system

Imaging and optical data

IR resolution 320 × 240 pixels

Thermal sensitivity/NETD < 0.05°C @ +30°C (+86°F) / 50 mK

Field of view (FOV)

Minimum focus distance 0.20 m (0.66 ft.)

Focal length 9.66 mm (0.38 in.)

Spatial resolution (IFOV)

Lens identification Automatic F-number 1.3 Image frequency 30 Hz

Focus Automatic or manual (built in motor)

Zoom 1–8× continuous, digital, interpolating zooming on

45° × 33.8

2.59 mrad

images

Detector data

Detector type Focal plane array (FPA), uncooled

Spectral range

Detector pitch 25 µm

Detector time constant Typical 12 ms

Measurement

Object temperature range

Accuracy ±4°C (±7.2°F) or ±2% of reading

Measurement analysis

Spotmeter

Area 10 boxes with max./min./average/position

Isotherm Measurement option Measurement Mask Filter

Difference temperature Delta temperature between measurement func-

Reference temperature Manually set or captured from any measurement

Atmospheric transmission correction Automatic, based on inputs for distance, atmos-

Optics transmission correction Automatic, based on signals from internal sensors

microbolometer

7.5–13 µm

• –20 to +120°C (–4 to +248°F)

• 0 to +350°C (+32 to +662°F)

1 with above/below/interval

Schedule response: File sending (ftp), email (SMTP)

tions or reference temperature

function

pheric temperature and relative humidity

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Technical data8

Measurement analysis

Emissivity correction Variable from 0.01 to 1.0

Reflected apparent temperature correction Automatic, based on input of reflected

External optics/windows correction Automatic, based on input of optics/window trans-

Measurement corrections Global and individual object parameters

Alarm

Alarm functions 6 automatic alarms on any selected measurement

Alarm output Digital Out, log, store image, file sending (ftp),

Set-up

Color palettes Color palettes (BW, BW inv, Iron, Rain)

Set-up commands Date/time, Temperature (°C/°F)

temperature

mission and temperature

function, Digital In, Camera temperature, timer

email (SMTP), notification

Storage of images

Storage media Built-in memory for image storage

File formats Standard JPEG, 16-bit measurement data

Ethernet

Ethernet Control, result and image

Ethernet, type 100 Mbps

Ethernet, standard IEEE 802.3

Ethernet, configuration Pigtail with FC connector

Ethernet, communication

Ethernet, video streaming

Ethernet, image streaming 16-bit 320 × 240 pixels @ 7-8 Hz

Ethernet, protocols Ethernet/IP, Modbus TCP, TCP, UDP, SNTP, RTSP,

Shipping information

Packaging, type Cardboard box

List of contents

Packaging, weight

Packaging, size 495 × 370 × 192 mm (19.5 × 14.6 × 7.6 in.)

EAN-13 7332558008362 UPC-12 Country of origin Sweden

included

TCP/IP socket-based FLIR proprietary

MPEG-4, ISO/IEC 14496-1 MPEG-4 ASP@L5

• Radiometric

RTP, HTTP, ICMP, IGMP, ftp, SMTP, SMB (CIFS), DHCP, MDNS (Bonjour), uPnP

• Infrared camera with lens, in explosion-proof housing

• Printed documentation

• Utility CD-ROM

845188008710

Supplies & accessories

• T911263ACC; Wall mount kit

• T911288ACC; Pole mount adapter for wall mount kit

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Mechanical drawings

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408,20

156,00

60,00

20,00 226,00

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40,00

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246,00

82,00

2,00

55,50

20,00

115,00

161,00

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290,00

500,00

182,00

171,00

10,00

70mm depending on

EX cable gland

A ( 1 : 2 )

Type

label

Mounting

rail

Protective

grid

8x Mounting holes with

M5x8 deep

for Mounting rail or

mounting plate

Overview with Sunshield

installed

Drawing without

Sunshield

Earthing

connection

Hole for

installation

wrench

4x Clamping

screws

Index

screw

All dimensions in

Denna handling får ej delges annan, kopieras i

sin helhet eller delar utan vårt medgivande .

Överträdelse härav beivras med stöd av gällande lag.

FLIR SYSTEMS AB

This document must not be communicated or

copied completely or in part, without our permission.

Any infringement will lead to legal proceedings.

FLIR SYSTEMS AB

Där ej annat anges/Unless otherwise stated

Kanter brutna

Edges broken

Hålkälsradier

Fillet radii

Ytjämnhet/Roughness

Blad/Sheet

Rev

Ritn nr/Drawing No

Art.No.

Skala/Scale

Size

Datum/Date

Kontr/Check

Konstr/Drawn

Material

Ytbehandling/Surface treatment

Gen tol

Benämning/Denomination

Utdrag ur/Excerpt from

ISO 2768-m

±0,1

±0,2

±0,3

±0,5

±0,8

(400)-1000

(120)-400

(30)-120

(6)-30

0,5-6

ISO 2768-mK

1(1)

2:1

H. ÖSTLING

T128183

A3xxEx

Basic Dimensions

JAMA

2014-04-14

2014-05-15

H. ÖSTLING

Ändrad av/Modified by

Ändrad/Modified

Ra µm

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

101 11732 1284 1395 6

EC Type Examination Certificate

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EC Type Examination Certificate, 1st supplement

#T559891; r. AD/38469/38469; en-US

EC Type Examination Certificate, 3rd supplement

#T559891; r. AD/38469/38469; en-US

EC Declaration of conformity (enclosure)

#T559891; r. AD/38469/38469; en-US

EG-Konformitätserklärung EC-Declaration of Conformity Déclaration de Conformité CE

AT – Automation Technology GmbH • Hermann-Bössow-Strasse 6 – 8 • D-23843 Bad Oldesloe, Germany

erklärt in alleiniger Verantwortung,

declares in its sole responsibility,

déclare sous sa seule responsabilité

dass das Produkt

that the product que le produit

IRCamSafeEX-AXB IRCamSafeEX-AXC

Kennzeichnung, marking, marquage (-AXB): Kennzeichnung, marking, marquage (-AXC):

II 2G Ex d IIB T6 Gb II 2G Ex d IIC T6 Gb II 2D Ex tb IIIC T85° Db

mit der EG-Baumusterprüfbescheinigung:

under EC-Type Examination Certificate: avec Attestation d’examen CE de type:

ZELM 12 ATEX 0485 X (ZELM Ex e.K. Siekgraben 56, 38124 Braunschweig)

Kenn-Nr. der benannten Stelle:

Notified Body number: No de l’organisme de certification:

0820

auf das sich diese Erklärung bezieht, mit den folgenden Normen oder normativen Dokumenten übereinstimmt

which is the subject of this declaration, is in conformity with the following standards or normative documents auquel cette déclaration se rapporte, est conforme aux normes ou aux documents normatifs suivants

Bestimmungen der Richtlinie

Terms of the directive Prescription de la directive

Nummer sowie Ausgabedatum der Norm

Number and date of issue of the standard Numéro ainsi que date d’émission de la norme

94/9/EG: ATEX-Richtlinie

94/9/EC: ATEX Directive 94/9/CE: Directive ATEX

EN 60079-0: 2009 EN 60079-1: 2007 EN 60079-14: 2009 EN 60079-17: 2008 EN 60079-28: 2007 EN 60079-31: 2009

2006/95/EG: Niederspannungsrichtlinie

2006/95/EC: Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/CE: Directive Basse Tension

2004/108/EG: EMV-Richtlinie

2004/108/EC: EMC Directive 2004/108/CE: Directive CEM

Bad Oldesloe, 16. Mai. 2012

Ort und Datum

Place and Date Lieu et date

Dr. Andrè Kasper Leiter Qualitätssicherung

Director Quality Management Dept. Directeur Dept. Assurance de Qualité

Certiticate of conformity (camera)

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About FLIR Systems

FLIR Systems was established in 1978 to pioneer the development of high-performance infrared imaging systems, and is the world leader in the design, manufacture, and marketing of thermal imaging systems for a wide variety of commercial, industrial, and government applications. Today, FLIR Systems embraces five major companies with outstanding achievements in infrared technology since 1958—the Swedish AGEMA Infrared Systems (formerly AGA Infrared Systems), the three United States companies Indigo Systems, FSI, and Inframetrics, and the French company Cedip.

Since 2007, FLIR Systems has acquired several companies with world-leading expertise in sensor technologies:

• Extech Instruments (2007)

• Ifara Tecnologías (2008)

• Salvador Imaging (2009)

• OmniTech Partners (2009)

• Directed Perception (2009)

• Raymarine (2010)

• ICx Technologies (2010)

• TackTick Marine Digital Instruments (2011)

• Aerius Photonics (2011)

• Lorex Technology (2012)

• Traficon (2012)

• MARSS (2013)

• DigitalOptics micro-optics business (2013)

• DVTEL (2015)

• Point Grey Research (2016)

Figure 15.1 Patent documents from the early 1960s

FLIR Systems has three manufacturing plants in the United States (Portland, OR, Boston, MA, Santa Barbara, CA) and one in Sweden (Stockholm). Since 2007 there is also a manufacturing plant in Tallinn, Estonia. Direct sales offices in Belgium, Brazil, China, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Korea, Sweden, and the USA —together with a worldwide network of agents and distributors—support our international customer base.

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About FLIR Systems

FLIR Systems is at the forefront of innovation in the infrared camera industry. We anticipate market demand by constantly improving our existing cameras and developing new ones. The company has set milestones in product design and development such as the introduction of the first battery-operated portable camera for industrial inspections, and the first uncooled infrared camera, to mention just two innovations.

Figure 15.2 1969: Thermovision Model 661. The camera weighed approximately 25 kg (55 lb.), the oscilloscope 20 kg (44 lb.), and the tripod 15 kg (33 lb.). The operator also needed a 220 VAC generator set, and a 10 L (2.6 US gallon) jar with liquid nitrogen. To the left of the oscilloscope the Polaroid attachment (6 kg/13 lb.) can be seen.

Figure 15.3 2015: FLIR One, an accessory to iPhone and Android mobile phones. Weight: 90 g (3.2 oz.).

FLIR Systems manufactures all vital mechanical and electronic components of the camera systems itself. From detector design and manufacturing, to lenses and system electronics, to final testing and calibration, all production steps are carried out and supervised by our own engineers. The in-depth expertise of these infrared specialists ensures the accuracy and reliability of all vital components that are assembled into your infrared camera.

15.1 More than just an infrared camera

At FLIR Systems we recognize that our job is to go beyond just producing the best infrared camera systems. We are committed to enabling all users of our infrared camera systems to work more productively by providing them with the most powerful camera– software combination. Especially tailored software for predictive maintenance, R & D, and process monitoring is developed in-house. Most software is available in a wide variety of languages.

We support all our infrared cameras with a wide variety of accessories to adapt your equipment to the most demanding infrared applications.

15.2 Sharing our knowledge

Although our cameras are designed to be very user-friendly, there is a lot more to thermography than just knowing how to handle a camera. Therefore, FLIR Systems has founded the Infrared Training Center (ITC), a separate business unit, that provides certified training courses. Attending one of the ITC courses will give you a truly hands-on learning experience.

The staff of the ITC are also there to provide you with any application support you may need in putting infrared theory into practice.

15.3 Supporting our customers

FLIR Systems operates a worldwide service network to keep your camera running at all times. If you discover a problem with your camera, local service centers have all the

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About FLIR Systems

equipment and expertise to solve it within the shortest possible time. Therefore, there is no need to send your camera to the other side of the world or to talk to someone who does not speak your language.

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Glossary

absorption (absorption factor)

atmosphere The gases between the object being measured and the camera, nor-

autoadjust A function making a camera perform an internal image correction. autopalette The IR image is shown with an uneven spread of colors, displaying

blackbody Totally non-reflective object. All its radiation is due to its own

blackbody radiator

calculated atmospheric transmission

cavity radiator A bottle shaped radiator with an absorbing inside, viewed through

color temperature

conduction The process that makes heat diffuse into a material. continuous

adjust

convection

dual isotherm An isotherm with two color bands, instead of one. emissivity

(emissivity factor)

emittance Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time and area

environment

estimated atmospheric transmission

external optics Extra lenses, filters, heat shields etc. that can be put between the

filter A material transparent only to some of the infrared wavelengths. FOV Field of view: The horizontal angle that can be viewed through an IR

FPA Focal plane array: A type of IR detector. graybody An object that emits a fixed fraction of the amount of energy of a

IFOV Instantaneous field of view: A measure of the geometrical resolution

The amount of radiation absorbed by an object relative to the received radiation. A number between 0 and 1.

mally air.

cold objects as well as hot ones at the same time.

temperature. An IR radiating equipment with blackbody properties used to cali-

brate IR cameras. A transmission value computed from the temperature, the relative

humidity of air and the distance to the object.

the bottleneck. The temperature for which the color of a blackbody matches a spe-

cific color.

A function that adjusts the image. The function works all the time, continuously adjusting brightness and contrast according to the image content.

Convection is a heat transfer mode where a fluid is brought into motion, either by gravity or another force, thereby transferring heat from one place to another.

The amount of radiation coming from an object, compared to that of a blackbody. A number between 0 and 1.

(W/m

)

Objects and gases that emit radiation towards the object being measured.

A transmission value, supplied by a user, replacing a calculated one

camera and the object being measured.

lens.

blackbody for each wavelength.

of an IR camera.

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Glossary

image correction (internal or

A way of compensating for sensitivity differences in various parts of live images and also of stabilizing the camera.

external) infrared Non-visible radiation, having a wavelength from about 2–13 μm. IR infrared

isotherm A function highlighting those parts of an image that fall above, below

or between one or more temperature intervals.

isothermal cavity

A bottle-shaped radiator with a uniform temperature viewed through the bottleneck.

Laser LocatIR An electrically powered light source on the camera that emits laser

radiation in a thin, concentrated beam to point at certain parts of the object in front of the camera.

laser pointer An electrically powered light source on the camera that emits laser

radiation in a thin, concentrated beam to point at certain parts of the object in front of the camera.

level The center value of the temperature scale, usually expressed as a

signal value. manual adjust A way to adjust the image by manually changing certain parameters. NETD Noise equivalent temperature difference. A measure of the image

noise level of an IR camera. noise Undesired small disturbance in the infrared image

object parameters

A set of values describing the circumstances under which the meas-

urement of an object was made, and the object itself (such as emis-

sivity, reflected apparent temperature, distance etc.) object signal A non-calibrated value related to the amount of radiation received by

the camera from the object. palette The set of colors used to display an IR image. pixel

Stands for picture element. One single spot in an image. radiance Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time, area and

/sr)

radiant power

angle (W/m

Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time (W) radiation The process by which electromagnetic energy, is emitted by an ob-

ject or a gas. radiator A piece of IR radiating equipment.

range

The current overall temperature measurement limitation of an IR

camera. Cameras can have several ranges. Expressed as two

blackbody temperatures that limit the current calibration. reference

temperature

A temperature which the ordinary measured values can be com-

pared with. reflection The amount of radiation reflected by an object relative to the re-

ceived radiation. A number between 0 and 1. relative

humidity

Relative humidity represents the ratio between the current water va-

pour mass in the air and the maximum it may contain in saturation

conditions. saturation

color

The areas that contain temperatures outside the present level/span

settings are colored with the saturation colors. The saturation colors

contain an ‘overflow’ color and an ‘underflow’ color. There is also a

third red saturation color that marks everything saturated by the de-

tector indicating that the range should probably be changed.

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Glossary

span

The interval of the temperature scale, usually expressed as a signal

value. spectral (radi-

ant) emittance temperature

difference, or

Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time, area and

wavelength (W/m

/μm)

A value which is the result of a subtraction between two temperature

values. difference of temperature.

temperature range

The current overall temperature measurement limitation of an IR

camera. Cameras can have several ranges. Expressed as two

blackbody temperatures that limit the current calibration. temperature

scale

The way in which an IR image currently is displayed. Expressed as

two temperature values limiting the colors. thermogram infrared image transmission

(or transmittance) factor

transparent isotherm

Gases and materials can be more or less transparent. Transmission

is the amount of IR radiation passing through them. A number be-

tween 0 and 1.

An isotherm showing a linear spread of colors, instead of covering

the highlighted parts of the image. visual Refers to the video mode of a IR camera, as opposed to the normal,

thermographic mode. When a camera is in video mode it captures

ordinary video images, while thermographic images are captured

when the camera is in IR mode.

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Thermographic measurement techniques

17.1 Introduction

An infrared camera measures and images the emitted infrared radiation from an object. The fact that radiation is a function of object surface temperature makes it possible for the camera to calculate and display this temperature.

However, the radiation measured by the camera does not only depend on the temperature of the object but is also a function of the emissivity. Radiation also originates from the surroundings and is reflected in the object. The radiation from the object and the reflected radiation will also be influenced by the absorption of the atmosphere.

To measure temperature accurately, it is therefore necessary to compensate for the effects of a number of different radiation sources. This is done on-line automatically by the camera. The following object parameters must, however, be supplied for the camera:

• The emissivity of the object

• The reflected apparent temperature

• The distance between the object and the camera

• The relative humidity

• Temperature of the atmosphere

17.2 Emissivity

The most important object parameter to set correctly is the emissivity which, in short, is a measure of how much radiation is emitted from the object, compared to that from a perfect blackbody of the same temperature.

Normally, object materials and surface treatments exhibit emissivity ranging from approximately 0.1 to 0.95. A highly polished (mirror) surface falls below 0.1, while an oxidized or painted surface has a higher emissivity. Oil-based paint, regardless of color in the visible spectrum, has an emissivity over 0.9 in the infrared. Human skin exhibits an emissivity 0.97 to 0.98.

Non-oxidized metals represent an extreme case of perfect opacity and high reflexivity, which does not vary greatly with wavelength. Consequently, the emissivity of metals is low – only increasing with temperature. For non-metals, emissivity tends to be high, and decreases with temperature.

17.2.1 Finding the emissivity of a sample

17.2.1.1 Step 1: Determining reflected apparent temperature Use one of the following two methods to determine reflected apparent temperature:

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Thermographic measurement techniques17

17.2.1.1.1 Method 1: Direct method

Follow this procedure:

1. Look for possible reflection sources, considering that the incident angle = reflection angle (a = b).

Figure 17.1 1 = Reflection source

2. If the reflection source is a spot source, modify the source by obstructing it using a piece if cardboard.

Figure 17.2 1 = Reflection source

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Thermographic measurement techniques17

3. Measure the radiation intensity (= apparent temperature) from the reflecting source using the following settings:

• Emissivity: 1.0

• D

: 0

obj

You can measure the radiation intensity using one of the following two methods:

Figure 17.3 1 = Reflection source Figure 17.4 1 = Reflection source

Using a thermocouple to measure reflected apparent temperature is not recommended for two important reasons:

• A thermocouple does not measure radiation intensity

• A thermocouple requires a very good thermal contact to the surface, usually by gluing

and covering the sensor by a thermal isolator.

17.2.1.1.2 Method 2: Reflector method

Follow this procedure:

1. Crumble up a large piece of aluminum foil.

2. Uncrumble the aluminum foil and attach it to a piece of cardboard of the same size.

3. Put the piece of cardboard in front of the object you want to measure. Make sure that the side with aluminum foil points to the camera.

4. Set the emissivity to 1.0.

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Thermographic measurement techniques17

5. Measure the apparent temperature of the aluminum foil and write it down.

Figure 17.5 Measuring the apparent temperature of the aluminum foil.

17.2.1.2 Step 2: Determining the emissivity

Follow this procedure:

1. Select a place to put the sample.

2. Determine and set reflected apparent temperature according to the previous procedure.

3. Put a piece of electrical tape with known high emissivity on the sample.

4. Heat the sample at least 20 K above room temperature. Heating must be reasonably even.

5. Focus and auto-adjust the camera, and freeze the image.

6. Adjust Level and Span for best image brightness and contrast.

7. Set emissivity to that of the tape (usually 0.97).

8. Measure the temperature of the tape using one of the following measurement functions:

• Isotherm (helps you to determine both the temperature and how evenly you have

heated the sample)

• Spot (simpler)

• Box Avg (good for surfaces with varying emissivity).

9. Write down the temperature.

10. Move your measurement function to the sample surface.

11. Change the emissivity setting until you read the same temperature as your previous measurement.

12. Write down the emissivity.

Note

• Avoid forced convection

• Look for a thermally stable surrounding that will not generate spot reflections

• Use high quality tape that you know is not transparent, and has a high emissivity you

are certain of

• This method assumes that the temperature of your tape and the sample surface are

the same. If they are not, your emissivity measurement will be wrong.

17.3 Reflected apparent temperature

This parameter is used to compensate for the radiation reflected in the object. If the emissivity is low and the object temperature relatively far from that of the reflected it will be important to set and compensate for the reflected apparent temperature correctly.

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Thermographic measurement techniques17

17.4 Distance

The distance is the distance between the object and the front lens of the camera. This parameter is used to compensate for the following two facts:

• That radiation from the target is absorbed by the atmosphere between the object and

the camera.

• That radiation from the atmosphere itself is detected by the camera.

17.5 Relative humidity

The camera can also compensate for the fact that the transmittance is also dependent on the relative humidity of the atmosphere. To do this set the relative humidity to the correct value. For short distances and normal humidity the relative humidity can normally be left at a default value of 50%.

17.6 Other parameters

In addition, some cameras and analysis programs from FLIR Systems allow you to compensate for the following parameters:

• Atmospheric temperature – i.e. the temperature of the atmosphere between the cam-

era and the target

• External optics temperature – i.e. the temperature of any external lenses or windows

used in front of the camera

• External optics transmittance – i.e. the transmission of any external lenses or windows

used in front of the camera

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History of infrared technology

Before the year 1800, the existence of the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum wasn't even suspected. The original significance of the infrared spectrum, or simply ‘the infrared’ as it is often called, as a form of heat radiation is perhaps less obvious today than it was at the time of its discovery by Herschel in 1800.

Figure 18.1 Sir William Herschel (1738–1822)

The discovery was made accidentally during the search for a new optical material. Sir William Herschel – Royal Astronomer to King George III of England, and already famous for his discovery of the planet Uranus – was searching for an optical filter material to reduce the brightness of the sun’s image in telescopes during solar observations. While testing different samples of colored glass which gave similar reductions in brightness he was intrigued to find that some of the samples passed very little of the sun’s heat, while others passed so much heat that he risked eye damage after only a few seconds’ observation.

Herschel was soon convinced of the necessity of setting up a systematic experiment, with the objective of finding a single material that would give the desired reduction in brightness as well as the maximum reduction in heat. He began the experiment by actually repeating Newton’s prism experiment, but looking for the heating effect rather than the visual distribution of intensity in the spectrum. He first blackened the bulb of a sensitive mercury-in-glass thermometer with ink, and with this as his radiation detector he proceeded to test the heating effect of the various colors of the spectrum formed on the top of a table by passing sunlight through a glass prism. Other thermometers, placed outside the sun’s rays, served as controls.

As the blackened thermometer was moved slowly along the colors of the spectrum, the temperature readings showed a steady increase from the violet end to the red end. This was not entirely unexpected, since the Italian researcher, Landriani, in a similar experiment in 1777 had observed much the same effect. It was Herschel, however, who was the first to recognize that there must be a point where the heating effect reaches a maximum, and that measurements confined to the visible portion of the spectrum failed to locate this point.

Figure 18.2 Marsilio Landriani (1746–1815)

Moving the thermometer into the dark region beyond the red end of the spectrum, Herschel confirmed that the heating continued to increase. The maximum point, when he found it, lay well beyond the red end – in what is known today as the ‘infrared wavelengths’.

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History of infrared technology

When Herschel revealed his discovery, he referred to this new portion of the electromagnetic spectrum as the ‘thermometrical spectrum’. The radiation itself he sometimes referred to as ‘dark heat’, or simply ‘the invisible rays’. Ironically, and contrary to popular opinion, it wasn't Herschel who originated the term ‘infrared’. The word only began to appear in print around 75 years later, and it is still unclear who should receive credit as the originator.

Herschel’s use of glass in the prism of his original experiment led to some early controversies with his contemporaries about the actual existence of the infrared wavelengths. Different investigators, in attempting to confirm his work, used various types of glass indiscriminately, having different transparencies in the infrared. Through his later experiments, Herschel was aware of the limited transparency of glass to the newly-discovered thermal radiation, and he was forced to conclude that optics for the infrared would probably be doomed to the use of reflective elements exclusively (i.e. plane and curved mirrors). Fortunately, this proved to be true only until 1830, when the Italian investigator, Melloni, made his great discovery that naturally occurring rock salt (NaCl) – which was available in large enough natural crystals to be made into lenses and prisms – is remarkably transparent to the infrared. The result was that rock salt became the principal infrared optical material, and remained so for the next hundred years, until the art of synthetic crystal growing was mastered in the 1930’s.

Figure 18.3 Macedonio Melloni (1798–1854)

Thermometers, as radiation detectors, remained unchallenged until 1829, the year Nobili invented the thermocouple. (Herschel’s own thermometer could be read to 0.2 °C (0.036 °F), and later models were able to be read to 0.05 °C (0.09 °F)). Then a breakthrough occurred; Melloni connected a number of thermocouples in series to form the first thermopile. The new device was at least 40 times as sensitive as the best thermometer of the day for detecting heat radiation – capable of detecting the heat from a person standing three meters away.

The first so-called ‘heat-picture’ became possible in 1840, the result of work by Sir John Herschel, son of the discoverer of the infrared and a famous astronomer in his own right. Based upon the differential evaporation of a thin film of oil when exposed to a heat pattern focused upon it, the thermal image could be seen by reflected light where the interference effects of the oil film made the image visible to the eye. Sir John also managed to obtain a primitive record of the thermal image on paper, which he called a ‘thermograph’.

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History of infrared technology

Figure 18.4 Samuel P. Langley (1834–1906)

The improvement of infrared-detector sensitivity progressed slowly. Another major breakthrough, made by Langley in 1880, was the invention of the bolometer. This consisted of a thin blackened strip of platinum connected in one arm of a Wheatstone bridge circuit upon which the infrared radiation was focused and to which a sensitive galvanometer responded. This instrument is said to have been able to detect the heat from a cow at a distance of 400 meters.

An English scientist, Sir James Dewar, first introduced the use of liquefied gases as cooling agents (such as liquid nitrogen with a temperature of -196 °C (-320.8 °F)) in low temperature research. In 1892 he invented a unique vacuum insulating container in which it is possible to store liquefied gases for entire days. The common ‘thermos bottle’, used for storing hot and cold drinks, is based upon his invention.

Between the years 1900 and 1920, the inventors of the world ‘discovered’ the infrared. Many patents were issued for devices to detect personnel, artillery, aircraft, ships – and even icebergs. The first operating systems, in the modern sense, began to be developed during the 1914–18 war, when both sides had research programs devoted to the military exploitation of the infrared. These programs included experimental systems for enemy intrusion/detection, remote temperature sensing, secure communications, and ‘flying torpedo’ guidance. An infrared search system tested during this period was able to detect an approaching airplane at a distance of 1.5 km (0.94 miles), or a person more than 300 meters (984 ft.) away.

The most sensitive systems up to this time were all based upon variations of the bolometer idea, but the period between the two wars saw the development of two revolutionary new infrared detectors: the image converter and the photon detector. At first, the image converter received the greatest attention by the military, because it enabled an observer for the first time in history to literally ‘see in the dark’. However, the sensitivity of the image converter was limited to the near infrared wavelengths, and the most interesting military targets (i.e. enemy soldiers) had to be illuminated by infrared search beams. Since this involved the risk of giving away the observer’s position to a similarly-equipped enemy observer, it is understandable that military interest in the image converter eventually faded.

The tactical military disadvantages of so-called 'active’ (i.e. search beam-equipped) thermal imaging systems provided impetus following the 1939–45 war for extensive secret military infrared-research programs into the possibilities of developing ‘passive’ (no search beam) systems around the extremely sensitive photon detector. During this period, military secrecy regulations completely prevented disclosure of the status of infraredimaging technology. This secrecy only began to be lifted in the middle of the 1950’s, and from that time adequate thermal-imaging devices finally began to be available to civilian science and industry.

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Theory of thermography

19.1 Introduction

The subjects of infrared radiation and the related technique of thermography are still new to many who will use an infrared camera. In this section the theory behind thermography will be given.

19.2 The electromagnetic spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum is divided arbitrarily into a number of wavelength regions, called bands, distinguished by the methods used to produce and detect the radiation. There is no fundamental difference between radiation in the different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. They are all governed by the same laws and the only differences are those due to differences in wavelength.

Figure 19.1 The electromagnetic spectrum. 1: X-ray; 2: UV; 3: Visible; 4: IR; 5: Microwaves; 6: Radiowaves.

Thermography makes use of the infrared spectral band. At the short-wavelength end the boundary lies at the limit of visual perception, in the deep red. At the long-wavelength end it merges with the microwave radio wavelengths, in the millimeter range.

The infrared band is often further subdivided into four smaller bands, the boundaries of which are also arbitrarily chosen. They include: the near infrared (0.75–3 μm), the middle infrared (3–6 μm), the far infrared (6–15 μm) and the extreme infrared (15–100 μm). Although the wavelengths are given in μm (micrometers), other units are often still used to measure wavelength in this spectral region, e.g. nanometer (nm) and Ångström (Å).

The relationships between the different wavelength measurements is:

19.3 Blackbody radiation

A blackbody is defined as an object which absorbs all radiation that impinges on it at any wavelength. The apparent misnomer black relating to an object emitting radiation is explained by Kirchhoff’s Law (after Gustav Robert Kirchhoff, 1824–1887), which states that a body capable of absorbing all radiation at any wavelength is equally capable in the emission of radiation.

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Theory of thermography

Figure 19.2 Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824–1887)

The construction of a blackbody source is, in principle, very simple. The radiation characteristics of an aperture in an isotherm cavity made of an opaque absorbing material represents almost exactly the properties of a blackbody. A practical application of the principle to the construction of a perfect absorber of radiation consists of a box that is light tight except for an aperture in one of the sides. Any radiation which then enters the hole is scattered and absorbed by repeated reflections so only an infinitesimal fraction can possibly escape. The blackness which is obtained at the aperture is nearly equal to a blackbody and almost perfect for all wavelengths.

By providing such an isothermal cavity with a suitable heater it becomes what is termed a cavity radiator. An isothermal cavity heated to a uniform temperature generates blackbody radiation, the characteristics of which are determined solely by the temperature of the cavity. Such cavity radiators are commonly used as sources of radiation in temperature reference standards in the laboratory for calibrating thermographic instruments, such as a FLIR Systems camera for example.

If the temperature of blackbody radiation increases to more than 525°C (977°F), the source begins to be visible so that it appears to the eye no longer black. This is the incipient red heat temperature of the radiator, which then becomes orange or yellow as the temperature increases further. In fact, the definition of the so-called color temperature of an object is the temperature to which a blackbody would have to be heated to have the same appearance.

Now consider three expressions that describe the radiation emitted from a blackbody.

19.3.1 Planck’s law

Figure 19.3 Max Planck (1858–1947)

Max Planck (1858–1947) was able to describe the spectral distribution of the radiation from a blackbody by means of the following formula:

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Theory of thermography

where:

λb

h Planck’s constant = 6.6 × 10 k T Absolute temperature (K) of a blackbody.

λ Wavelength (μm).

Blackbody spectral radiant emittance at wavelength λ.

Velocity of light = 3 × 10

Boltzmann’s constant = 1.4 × 10

m/s

-34

Joule sec.

-23

Joule/K.

Note The factor 10-6is used since spectral emittance in the curves is expressed in

Watt/m

, μm.

Planck’s formula, when plotted graphically for various temperatures, produces a family of curves. Following any particular Planck curve, the spectral emittance is zero at λ = 0, then increases rapidly to a maximum at a wavelength λ

and after passing it ap-

max

proaches zero again at very long wavelengths. The higher the temperature, the shorter the wavelength at which maximum occurs.

Figure 19.4 Blackbody spectral radiant emittance according to Planck’s law, plotted for various absolute temperatures. 1: Spectral radiant emittance (W/cm

× 103(μm)); 2: Wavelength (μm)

19.3.2 Wien’s displacement law

By differentiating Planck’s formula with respect to λ, and finding the maximum, we have:

This is Wien’s formula (after Wilhelm Wien, 1864–1928), which expresses mathematically the common observation that colors vary from red to orange or yellow as the temperature of a thermal radiator increases. The wavelength of the color is the same as the wavelength calculated for λ

. A good approximation of the value of λ

max

for a given

max

blackbody temperature is obtained by applying the rule-of-thumb 3 000/T μm. Thus, a very hot star such as Sirius (11 000 K), emitting bluish-white light, radiates with the peak of spectral radiant emittance occurring within the invisible ultraviolet spectrum, at wavelength 0.27 μm.

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Theory of thermography

Figure 19.5 Wilhelm Wien (1864–1928)

The sun (approx. 6 000 K) emits yellow light, peaking at about 0.5 μm in the middle of the visible light spectrum.

At room temperature (300 K) the peak of radiant emittance lies at 9.7 μm, in the far infrared, while at the temperature of liquid nitrogen (77 K) the maximum of the almost insignificant amount of radiant emittance occurs at 38 μm, in the extreme infrared wavelengths.

Figure 19.6 Planckian curves plotted on semi-log scales from 100 K to 1000 K. The dotted line represents the locus of maximum radiant emittance at each temperature as described by Wien's displacement law. 1: Spectral radiant emittance (W/cm

(μm)); 2: Wavelength (μm).

19.3.3 Stefan-Boltzmann's law

By integrating Planck’s formula from λ = 0 to λ = ∞, we obtain the total radiant emittance

) of a blackbody:

This is the Stefan-Boltzmann formula (after Josef Stefan, 1835–1893, and Ludwig Boltz- mann, 1844–1906), which states that the total emissive power of a blackbody is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature. Graphically, W

represents the

area below the Planck curve for a particular temperature. It can be shown that the radiant emittance in the interval λ = 0 to λ

is only 25% of the total, which represents about the

max

amount of the sun’s radiation which lies inside the visible light spectrum.

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Theory of thermography

Figure 19.7 Josef Stefan (1835–1893), and Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906)

Using the Stefan-Boltzmann formula to calculate the power radiated by the human body, at a temperature of 300 K and an external surface area of approx. 2 m

, we obtain 1 kW. This power loss could not be sustained if it were not for the compensating absorption of radiation from surrounding surfaces, at room temperatures which do not vary too drastically from the temperature of the body – or, of course, the addition of clothing.

19.3.4 Non-blackbody emitters

So far, only blackbody radiators and blackbody radiation have been discussed. However, real objects almost never comply with these laws over an extended wavelength region – although they may approach the blackbody behavior in certain spectral intervals. For example, a certain type of white paint may appear perfectly white in the visible light spectrum, but becomes distinctly gray at about 2 μm, and beyond 3 μm it is almost black.

There are three processes which can occur that prevent a real object from acting like a blackbody: a fraction of the incident radiation α may be absorbed, a fraction ρ may be reflected, and a fraction τ may be transmitted. Since all of these factors are more or less wavelength dependent, the subscript λ is used to imply the spectral dependence of their definitions. Thus:

• The spectral absorptance α

= the ratio of the spectral radiant power absorbed by an

object to that incident upon it.

• The spectral reflectance ρ

= the ratio of the spectral radiant power reflected by an ob-

ject to that incident upon it.

• The spectral transmittance τ

= the ratio of the spectral radiant power transmitted

through an object to that incident upon it.

The sum of these three factors must always add up to the whole at any wavelength, so we have the relation:

For opaque materials τλ= 0 and the relation simplifies to:

Another factor, called the emissivity, is required to describe the fraction ε of the radiant emittance of a blackbody produced by an object at a specific temperature. Thus, we have the definition:

The spectral emissivity ε

= the ratio of the spectral radiant power from an object to that

from a blackbody at the same temperature and wavelength. Expressed mathematically, this can be written as the ratio of the spectral emittance of

the object to that of a blackbody as follows:

Generally speaking, there are three types of radiation source, distinguished by the ways in which the spectral emittance of each varies with wavelength.

• A blackbody, for which ε

• A graybody, for which ε

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= ε = 1

= ε = constant less than 1

Theory of thermography

• A selective radiator, for which ε varies with wavelength According to Kirchhoff’s law, for any material the spectral emissivity and spectral absorp-

tance of a body are equal at any specified temperature and wavelength. That is:

From this we obtain, for an opaque material (since αλ+ ρλ= 1):

For highly polished materials ελapproaches zero, so that for a perfectly reflecting material (i.e. a perfect mirror) we have:

For a graybody radiator, the Stefan-Boltzmann formula becomes:

This states that the total emissive power of a graybody is the same as a blackbody at the same temperature reduced in proportion to the value of ε from the graybody.

Figure 19.8 Spectral radiant emittance of three types of radiators. 1: Spectral radiant emittance; 2: Wavelength; 3: Blackbody; 4: Selective radiator; 5: Graybody.

Figure 19.9 Spectral emissivity of three types of radiators. 1: Spectral emissivity; 2: Wavelength; 3: Blackbody; 4: Graybody; 5: Selective radiator.

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Theory of thermography

19.4 Infrared semi-transparent materials

Consider now a non-metallic, semi-transparent body – let us say, in the form of a thick flat plate of plastic material. When the plate is heated, radiation generated within its volume must work its way toward the surfaces through the material in which it is partially absorbed. Moreover, when it arrives at the surface, some of it is reflected back into the interior. The back-reflected radiation is again partially absorbed, but some of it arrives at the other surface, through which most of it escapes; part of it is reflected back again. Although the progressive reflections become weaker and weaker they must all be added up when the total emittance of the plate is sought. When the resulting geometrical series is summed, the effective emissivity of a semi-transparent plate is obtained as:

When the plate becomes opaque this formula is reduced to the single formula:

This last relation is a particularly convenient one, because it is often easier to measure reflectance than to measure emissivity directly.

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The measurement formula

As already mentioned, when viewing an object, the camera receives radiation not only from the object itself. It also collects radiation from the surroundings reflected via the object surface. Both these radiation contributions become attenuated to some extent by the atmosphere in the measurement path. To this comes a third radiation contribution from the atmosphere itself.

This description of the measurement situation, as illustrated in the figure below, is so far a fairly true description of the real conditions. What has been neglected could for instance be sun light scattering in the atmosphere or stray radiation from intense radiation sources outside the field of view. Such disturbances are difficult to quantify, however, in most cases they are fortunately small enough to be neglected. In case they are not negligible, the measurement configuration is likely to be such that the risk for disturbance is obvious, at least to a trained operator. It is then his responsibility to modify the measurement situation to avoid the disturbance e.g. by changing the viewing direction, shielding off intense radiation sources etc.

Accepting the description above, we can use the figure below to derive a formula for the calculation of the object temperature from the calibrated camera output.

Figure 20.1 A schematic representation of the general thermographic measurement situation.1: Surroundings; 2: Object; 3: Atmosphere; 4: Camera

Assume that the received radiation power W from a blackbody source of temperature T

on short distance generates a camera output signal U

source

the power input (power linear camera). We can then write (Equation 1):

or, with simplified notation:

where C is a constant. Should the source be a graybody with emittance ε, the received radiation would conse-

quently be εW We are now ready to write the three collected radiation power terms:

1. Emission from the object = ετW

transmittance of the atmosphere. The object temperature is T

source

, where ε is the emittance of the object and τ is the

obj

that is proportional to

source

obj

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The measurement formula

2. Reflected emission from ambient sources = (1 – ε)τW

tance of the object. The ambient sources have the temperature T It has here been assumed that the temperature T

, where (1 – ε) is the reflec-

refl

is the same for all emitting surfa-

refl

ces within the halfsphere seen from a point on the object surface. This is of course sometimes a simplification of the true situation. It is, however, a necessary simplification in order to derive a workable formula, and T

can – at least theoretically – be giv-

refl

en a value that represents an efficient temperature of a complex surrounding. Note also that we have assumed that the emittance for the surroundings = 1. This is

correct in accordance with Kirchhoff’s law: All radiation impinging on the surrounding surfaces will eventually be absorbed by the same surfaces. Thus the emittance = 1. (Note though that the latest discussion requires the complete sphere around the object to be considered.)

3. Emission from the atmosphere = (1 – τ)τW

mosphere. The temperature of the atmosphere is T

, where (1 – τ) is the emittance of the at-

atm

The total received radiation power can now be written (Equation 2):

We multiply each term by the constant C of Equation 1 and replace the CW products by the corresponding U according to the same equation, and get (Equation 3):

Solve Equation 3 for U

(Equation 4):

obj

This is the general measurement formula used in all the FLIR Systems thermographic equipment. The voltages of the formula are:

Table 20.1 Voltages

obj

tot

refl

atm

Calculated camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature

i.e. a voltage that can be directly converted into true requested

obj

object temperature.

Measured camera output voltage for the actual case.

Theoretical camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature T

according to the calibration.

refl

Theoretical camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature

according to the calibration.

atm

The operator has to supply a number of parameter values for the calculation:

• the object emittance ε,

• the relative humidity,

• T

atm

• object distance (D

obj

)

• the (effective) temperature of the object surroundings, or the reflected ambient tem-

perature T

• the temperature of the atmosphere T

refl

, and

atm

This task could sometimes be a heavy burden for the operator since there are normally no easy ways to find accurate values of emittance and atmospheric transmittance for the actual case. The two temperatures are normally less of a problem provided the surroundings do not contain large and intense radiation sources.

A natural question in this connection is: How important is it to know the right values of these parameters? It could though be of interest to get a feeling for this problem already here by looking into some different measurement cases and compare the relative

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The measurement formula

magnitudes of the three radiation terms. This will give indications about when it is important to use correct values of which parameters.

The figures below illustrates the relative magnitudes of the three radiation contributions for three different object temperatures, two emittances, and two spectral ranges: SW and LW. Remaining parameters have the following fixed values:

• τ = 0.88

• T

= +20°C (+68°F)

refl

• T

= +20°C (+68°F)

atm

It is obvious that measurement of low object temperatures are more critical than measuring high temperatures since the ‘disturbing’ radiation sources are relatively much stronger in the first case. Should also the object emittance be low, the situation would be still more difficult.

We have finally to answer a question about the importance of being allowed to use the calibration curve above the highest calibration point, what we call extrapolation. Imagine that we in a certain case measure U

= 4.5 volts. The highest calibration point for the

tot

camera was in the order of 4.1 volts, a value unknown to the operator. Thus, even if the object happened to be a blackbody, i.e. U

obj

= U

, we are actually performing extrapola-

tot

tion of the calibration curve when converting 4.5 volts into temperature. Let us now assume that the object is not black, it has an emittance of 0.75, and the trans-

mittance is 0.92. We also assume that the two second terms of Equation 4 amount to 0.5 volts together. Computation of U

by means of Equation 4 then results in U

obj

= 4.5 /

0.75 / 0.92 – 0.5 = 6.0. This is a rather extreme extrapolation, particularly when considering that the video amplifier might limit the output to 5 volts! Note, though, that the application of the calibration curve is a theoretical procedure where no electronic or other limitations exist. We trust that if there had been no signal limitations in the camera, and if it had been calibrated far beyond 5 volts, the resulting curve would have been very much the same as our real curve extrapolated beyond 4.1 volts, provided the calibration algorithm is based on radiation physics, like the FLIR Systems algorithm. Of course there must be a limit to such extrapolations.

Figure 20.2 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions (SW camera). 1: Object temperature; 2: Emittance; Obj: Object radiation; Refl: Reflected radiation; Atm: atmosphere radiation. Fixed parameters: τ = 0.88; T

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= 20°C (+68°F); T

refl

= 20°C (+68°F).

atm

The measurement formula

Figure 20.3 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions (LW cam-

era). 1: Object temperature; 2: Emittance; Obj: Object radiation; Refl: Reflected radiation; Atm: atmosphere radiation. Fixed parameters: τ = 0.88; T

= 20°C (+68°F); T

refl

= 20°C (+68°F).

atm

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Emissivity tables

This section presents a compilation of emissivity data from the infrared literature and measurements made by FLIR Systems.

21.1 References

1. Mikaél A. Bramson: Infrared Radiation, A Handbook for Applications, Plenum press,

N.Y.

2. William L. Wolfe, George J. Zissis: The Infrared Handbook, Office of Naval Research,

Department of Navy, Washington, D.C.

3. Madding, R. P.: Thermographic Instruments and systems. Madison, Wisconsin: Uni-

versity of Wisconsin – Extension, Department of Engineering and Applied Science.

4. William L. Wolfe: Handbook of Military Infrared Technology, Office of Naval Research,

Department of Navy, Washington, D.C.

5. Jones, Smith, Probert: External thermography of buildings..., Proc. of the Society of

Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, vol.110, Industrial and Civil Applications of Infrared Technology, June 1977 London.

6. Paljak, Pettersson: Thermography of Buildings, Swedish Building Research Institute,

Stockholm 1972.

7. Vlcek, J: Determination of emissivity with imaging radiometers and some emissivities

at λ = 5 µm. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.

8. Kern: Evaluation of infrared emission of clouds and ground as measured by weather

satellites, Defence Documentation Center, AD 617 417.

9. Öhman, Claes: Emittansmätningar med AGEMA E-Box. Teknisk rapport, AGEMA

1999. (Emittance measurements using AGEMA E-Box. Technical report, AGEMA

1999.)

10. Matteï, S., Tang-Kwor, E: Emissivity measurements for Nextel Velvet coating 811-21

between –36°C AND 82°C.

11. Lohrengel & Todtenhaupt (1996)

12. ITC Technical publication 32.

13. ITC Technical publication 29.

14. Schuster, Norbert and Kolobrodov, Valentin G. Infrarotthermographie. Berlin: Wiley-

VCH, 2000.

Note The emissivity values in the table below are recorded using a shortwave (SW) camera. The values should be regarded as recommendations only and used with caution.

21.2 Tables

Table 21.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;

3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference

1 2 3 4 5 6

3M type 35 Vinyl electrical

3M type 88 Black vinyl electri-

3M type Super 33 +

Aluminum anodized sheet 100 T 0.55 2 Aluminum anodized, black,

Aluminum anodized, black,

Aluminum anodized, light

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tape (several colors)

cal tape

Black vinyl electrical tape

dull

gray, dull

< 80 LW ≈ 0.96 13

< 105 LW ≈ 0.96 13

< 105 MW < 0.96 13

< 80 LW ≈ 0.96 13

70 LW 0.95 9

0.67 9

0.61 9

Emissivity tables21

Table 21.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;

3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued)

1 2 3 4 5 6

Aluminum anodized, light

gray, dull

Aluminum as received, plate 100 T 0.09 4

Aluminum as received,

sheet

Aluminum cast, blast

cleaned

Aluminum cast, blast

cleaned

Aluminum dipped in HNO

plate

Aluminum foil

Aluminum oxidized, strongly 50–500 T 0.2–0.3 1

Aluminum polished 50–100 T 0.04–0.06 1

Aluminum polished plate 100 T 0.05 4

Aluminum polished, sheet 100 T 0.05 2

Aluminum rough surface

Aluminum roughened 27 10 µm 0.18 3

Aluminum roughened 27 3 µm 0.28 3

Aluminum sheet, 4 samples

differently scratched

Aluminum sheet, 4 samples

differently scratched

Aluminum

vacuum deposited

Aluminum weathered,

heavily

Aluminum bronze 20 T 0.60 1 Aluminum

powder T 0.28 1

hydroxide

Aluminum oxide activated, powder T 0.46 1

Aluminum oxide pure, powder

(alumina)

Asbestos board 20 T 0.96 1 Asbestos fabric T 0.78 1 Asbestos floor tile Asbestos

paper 40–400 T 0.93–0.95 1

Asbestos powder T 0.40–0.60 1

Asbestos slate 20 T 0.96 1 Asphalt paving 4 LLW 0.967 8

Brass dull, tarnished 20–350 T 0.22 1

Brass oxidized 100 T 0.61 2 Brass oxidized 70 Brass oxidized 70 LW 0.03–0.07 9 Brass oxidized at 600°C

70 LW 0.97 9

100 T 0.09 2

0.47 9

70 LW 0.46 9

100 T 0.05 4

27 10 µm 0.04 3

27 3 µm 0.09 3

20–50 T 0.06–0.07 1

0.05–0.08 9

70 LW 0.03–0.06 9

20 T 0.04 2

0.83–0.94 5

T 0.16 1

0.94 7

0.04–0.09 9

200–600 T 0.59–0.61 1

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Emissivity tables21

Table 21.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;

3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued)

1 2 3 4 5 6

Brass polished 200 T 0.03 1

Brass polished, highly 100 T 0.03 2

Brass rubbed with 80-

grit emery

Brass sheet, rolled 20 T 0.06 1

Brass sheet, worked

with emery

Brick alumina 17 Brick

common 17

Brick Dinas silica,

glazed, rough

Brick Dinas silica,

refractory

Brick Dinas silica, un-

glazed, rough

Brick firebrick Brick fireclay

Brick fireclay

Brick

masonry 35

masonry, plastered

Brick red, common 20 T 0.93 2

Brick red, rough 20 T 0.88–0.93 1

Brick refractory,

corundum

Brick refractory,

magnesite

Brick refractory,

strongly radiating

Brick refractory, weakly

radiating

Brick silica, 95% SiO

Brick sillimanite, 33%

SiO

, 64% Al2O

Brick waterproof

Bronze phosphor bronze 70

Bronze phosphor bronze 70 LW 0.06 9

Bronze polished 50 T 0.1 1

Bronze porous, rough 50–150 T 0.55 1

Bronze powder T 0.76–0.80 1

Carbon Carbon

candle soot 20 T 0.95 2 charcoal powder T 0.96 1

Carbon graphite powder T 0.97 1

Carbon graphite, filed

surface

Carbon lampblack 20–400 T 0.95–0.97 1

20 T 0.20 2

20 T 0.2 1

SW SW

0.68 5

0.86–0.81 5

1100 T 0.85 1

1000 T 0.66 1

1000 T 0.80 1

0.68 5

1000 T 0.75 1

1200 T 0.59 1

20 T 0.85 1

0.94 7

20 T 0.94 1

1000 T 0.46 1

1000–1300 T 0.38 1

500–1000 T 0.8–0.9 1

500–1000 T 0.65–0.75 1

1230 T 0.66 1

1500 T 0.29 1

0.87 5

0.08 9

20 T 0.98 2

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Emissivity tables21

Table 21.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;

3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued)

1 2 3 4 5 6

Chipboard

Chromium

Chromium polished 500–1000 T 0.28–0.38 1

Clay fired

Cloth Concrete Concrete dry 36 SW

Concrete rough 17 SW

Concrete

Copper

Copper electrolytic, care-

Copper

Copper polished,

Copper pure, carefully

Copper

Copper dioxide

Copper oxide

Ebonite T 0.89 1 Emery

Enamel 20 T 0.9 1 Enamel lacquer 20 T 0.85–0.95 1

Fiber board hard, untreated 20

Fiber board masonite 70 Fiber board masonite 70 LW 0.88 9 Fiber board particle board 70

Fiber board particle board 70 LW 0.89 9

Fiber board porous, untreated 20

Glass pane (float glass)

Gold polished 130 T 0.018 1

untreated 20

polished 50 T 0.10 1

70 T 0.91 1

black 20 T 0.98 1

20 T 0.92 2

walkway

commercial, burnished

fully polished

electrolytic, polished

molten 1100–1300 T 0.13–0.15 1

oxidized 50 T 0.6–0.7 1

oxidized to blackness

oxidized, black 27 T 0.78 4

oxidized, heavily 20 T 0.78 2

polished 50–100 T 0.02 1

polished 100 T 0.03 2

polished, commercial

mechanical

prepared surface

scraped 27 T 0.07 4

powder T 0.84 1

red, powder T 0.70 1

coarse 80 T 0.85 1

non-coated 20 LW 0.97 14

20 T 0.07 1

80 T 0.018 1

–34 T 0.006 4

27 T 0.03 4

22 T 0.015 4

22 T 0.008 4

LLW 0.974 8

T 0.88 1

0.90 6

0.95 7

0.97 5

0.85 6

0.75 9

0.77 9

0.85 6

#T559891; r. AD/38469/38469; en-US

Emissivity tables21

Table 21.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;

3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued)

1 2 3 4 5 6

Gold polished, carefully

Gold

Granite

Granite rough 21 LLW 0.879 8

Granite rough, 4 different

Gypsum

Ice: See Water Iron and steel cold rolled 70 Iron and steel cold rolled 70 LW 0.09 9 Iron and steel covered with red

Iron and steel electrolytic 100 T 0.05 4

Iron and steel electrolytic 22 T 0.05 4

Iron and steel electrolytic 260 T 0.07 4

Iron and steel electrolytic, care-

Iron and steel freshly worked

Iron and steel ground sheet 950–1100 T 0.55–0.61 1

Iron and steel heavily rusted

Iron and steel hot rolled 130 T 0.60 1 Iron and steel hot rolled 20 T 0.77 1 Iron and steel oxidized 100 T 0.74 4 Iron and steel oxidized 100 T 0.74 1 Iron and steel oxidized 1227 T 0.89 4 Iron and steel oxidized 125–525 T 0.78–0.82 1 Iron and steel oxidized 200 T 0.79 2 Iron and steel oxidized 200–600 T 0.80 1 Iron and steel oxidized strongly 50 T 0.88 1

Iron and steel oxidized strongly 500 T 0.98 1

Iron and steel polished 100 T 0.07 2

Iron and steel polished 400–1000 T 0.14–0.38 1

Iron and steel polished sheet 750–1050 T 0.52–0.56 1

Iron and steel rolled sheet 50 T 0.56 1 Iron and steel rolled, freshly

Iron and steel rough, plane

Iron and steel rusted red, sheet 22 T 0.69 4

Iron and steel rusted, heavily 17

Iron and steel rusty, red 20 T 0.69 1

Iron and steel shiny oxide layer,

polished, highly 100 T 0.02 2

polished 20 LLW 0.849 8

samples

rust

fully polished

with emery

sheet

surface

sheet,

200–600 T 0.02–0.03 1

70 LW 0.77–0.87 9

20 T 0.8–0.9 1

20 T 0.61–0.85 1

175–225 T 0.05–0.06 1

20 T 0.24 1

20 T 0.69 2

20 T 0.24 1

50 T 0.95–0.98 1

20 T 0.82 1

0.95–0.97 9

0.20 9

0.96 5

#T559891; r. AD/38469/38469; en-US

Emissivity tables21

Table 21.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;

3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued)

1 2 3 4 5 6

Iron and steel shiny, etched 150 T 0.16 1

Iron and steel wrought, carefully

Iron galvanized heavily oxidized 70

Iron galvanized heavily oxidized 70 LW 0.85 9

Iron galvanized sheet 92 T 0.07 4

Iron galvanized sheet, burnished 30 T 0.23 1

Iron galvanized sheet, oxidized 20 T 0.28 1

Iron tinned sheet 24 T 0.064 4 Iron, cast casting 50 T 0.81 1

Iron, cast ingots 1000 T 0.95 1

Iron, cast liquid 1300 T 0.28 1

Iron, cast machined 800–1000 T 0.60–0.70 1

Iron, cast oxidized 100 T 0.64 2

Iron, cast oxidized 260 T 0.66 4

Iron, cast oxidized 38 T 0.63 4

Iron, cast oxidized 538 T 0.76 4

Iron, cast oxidized at 600°C

Iron, cast polished 200 T 0.21 1

Iron, cast polished 38 T 0.21 4

Iron, cast polished 40 T 0.21 2

Iron, cast unworked 900–1100 T 0.87–0.95 1

Krylon Ultra-flat black 1602

Lacquer 3 colors sprayed

Lacquer Aluminum on

Lacquer bakelite 80 T 0.83 1

Lacquer black, dull 40–100 T 0.96–0.98 1

Lacquer black, matte 100 T 0.97 2

Lacquer black, shiny,

Lacquer heat–resistant 100 T 0.92 1

Lacquer white 100 T 0.92 2

Lacquer white 40–100 T 0.8–0.95 1

Lead oxidized at 200°C Lead oxidized, gray 20 T 0.28 1

Lead oxidized, gray 22 T 0.28 4

Lead shiny 250 T 0.08 1

polished

Flat black Room tempera-

on Aluminum

rough surface

sprayed on iron

40–250 T 0.28 1

200–600 T 0.64–0.78 1

ture up to 175

70 LW 0.92–0.94 9

20 T 0.4 1

20 T 0.87 1

200 T 0.63 1

LW ≈ 0.96 12

MW ≈ 0.97 12

0.64 9

0.50–0.53 9

#T559891; r. AD/38469/38469; en-US

Emissivity tables21

Table 21.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;

3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued)

1 2 3 4 5 6

Lead unoxidized,

Lead red 100 T 0.93 4 Lead red, powder 100 T 0.93 1

Leather tanned T 0.75–0.80 1 Lime T 0.3–0.4 1 Magnesium 22 T 0.07 4

Magnesium 260 T 0.13 4

Magnesium 538 T 0.18 4

Magnesium polished 20 T 0.07 2

Magnesium powder

Molybdenum 1500–2200 T 0.19–0.26 1

Molybdenum 600–1000 T 0.08–0.13 1

Molybdenum filament

Mortar 17 Mortar dry 36

Nextel Velvet 811-21 Black

Nichrome rolled 700 T 0.25 1 Nichrome sandblasted 700 T 0.70 1 Nichrome wire, clean 50 T 0.65 1

Nichrome wire, clean 500–1000 T 0.71–0.79 1

Nichrome wire, oxidized 50–500 T 0.95–0.98 1

Nickel bright matte 122 T 0.041 4

Nickel commercially

Nickel electrolytic 22 T 0.04 4

Nickel electrolytic 260 T 0.07 4

Nickel electrolytic 38 T 0.06 4

Nickel electrolytic 538 T 0.10 4

Nickel electroplated on

Nickel electroplated,

Nickel oxidized 1227 T 0.85 4 Nickel oxidized 200 T 0.37 2 Nickel oxidized 227 T 0.37 4 Nickel oxidized at 600°C Nickel polished 122 T 0.045 4

polished

Flat black –60–150 LW > 0.97 10 and

pure, polished

iron, polished

iron, unpolished

polished

100 T 0.05 4

T 0.86 1

700–2500 T 0.1–0.3 1

SW SW

100 T 0.045 1

200–400 T 0.07–0.09 1

22 T 0.045 4

20 T 0.11–0.40 1

22 T 0.11 4

20 T 0.05 2

200–600 T 0.37–0.48 1

0.87 5

0.94 7

#T559891; r. AD/38469/38469; en-US

Emissivity tables21

Table 21.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;

3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued)

1 2 3 4 5 6

Nickel wire 200–1000 T 0.1–0.2 1 Nickel oxide 1000–1250 T 0.75–0.86 1 Nickel oxide 500–650 T 0.52–0.59 1 Oil, lubricating 0.025 mm film

Oil, lubricating 0.050 mm film

Oil, lubricating 0.125 mm film

Oil, lubricating film on Ni base:

Oil, lubricating

Paint 8 different colors

Paint Aluminum, vari-

Paint cadmium yellow T 0.28–0.33 1

Paint chrome green T 0.65–0.70 1

Paint cobalt blue T 0.7–0.8 1 Paint oil 17 Paint oil based, aver-

Paint oil, black flat

Paint oil, black gloss 20

Paint oil, gray flat

Paint oil, gray gloss 20

Paint oil, various colors 100 T 0.92–0.96 1

Paint plastic, black 20

Paint plastic, white 20

Paper 4 different colors

Paper black T 0.90 1

Paper black, dull T 0.94 1

Paper black, dull 70

Paper black, dull 70 LW 0.89 9

Paper blue, dark T 0.84 1

Paper coated with black

Paper

Paper red T 0.76 1

Paper white 20 T 0.7–0.9 1

Paper white bond 20 T 0.93 2

Paper white, 3 different

Ni base only

thick coating 20 T 0.82 2

and qualities

ous ages

age of 16 colors

lacquer

green

glosses

20 T 0.27 2

20 T 0.46 2

20 T 0.72 2

20 T 0.05 2

70 LW 0.92–0.94 9

50–100 T 0.27–0.67 1

100 T 0.94 2

70 LW 0.92–0.94 9

70 LW 0.88–0.90 9

T 0.93 1

T 0.85 1

0.88–0.96 9

0.87 5

0.94 6

0.92 6

0.97 6

0.96 6

0.95 6

0.84 6

0.68–0.74 9

0.86 9

0.76–0.78 9

#T559891; r. AD/38469/38469; en-US

Emissivity tables21

Table 21.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;

3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued)

1 2 3 4 5 6

Paper yellow T 0.72 1

Plaster 17 Plaster plasterboard,

Plaster rough coat 20 T 0.91 2

Plastic glass fibre lami-

Plastic polyurethane iso-

Plastic PVC, plastic floor,

Platinum 100 T 0.05 4 Platinum 1000–1500 T 0.14–0.18 1 Platinum 1094 T 0.18 4 Platinum 17 T 0.016 4 Platinum 22 T 0.03 4 Platinum 260 T 0.06 4 Platinum 538 T 0.10 4 Platinum pure, polished 200–600 T 0.05–0.10 1

Platinum ribbon 900–1100 T 0.12–0.17 1 Platinum wire 1400 T 0.18 1 Platinum wire 500–1000 T 0.10–0.16 1 Platinum wire 50–200 T 0.06–0.07 1 Porcelain glazed 20 T 0.92 1

Porcelain white, shiny T 0.70–0.75 1

Rubber hard 20 T 0.95 1 Rubber soft, gray, rough

Sand Sand Sandstone

Sandstone rough 19 LLW 0.935 8

Silver

Silver pure, polished 200–600 T 0.02–0.03 1

Skin Slag

Slag boiler 1400–1800 T 0.69–0.67 1

Slag boiler 200–500 T 0.89–0.78 1

Slag

Snow: See Water

untreated

nate (printed circ. board)

lation board

dull, structured

polished 19 LLW 0.909 8

polished 100 T 0.03 2

human 32 T 0.98 2 boiler 0–100 T 0.97–0.93 1

boiler 600–1200 T 0.76–0.70 1

70 LW 0.91 9

70 LW 0.55 9

70 LW 0.93 9

20 T 0.95 1

20 T 0.90 2

SW SW

T 0.60 1

0.86 5

0.90 6

0.94 9

0.29 9

0.94 9

#T559891; r. AD/38469/38469; en-US

Emissivity tables21

Table 21.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;

3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued)

1 2 3 4 5 6

Soil

Soil saturated with

Stainless steel

Stainless steel Stainless steel Stainless steel

Stainless steel sheet, polished 70 LW 0.14 9

Stainless steel

Stainless steel sheet, untreated,

Stainless steel type 18-8, buffed

Stainless steel

Stucco

Styrofoam

Tar T 0.79–0.84 1 Tar

Tile glazed 17

Tin burnished 20–50 T 0.04–0.06 1 Tin tin–plated sheet

Titanium Titanium oxidized at 540°C Titanium Titanium polished 1000 T 0.36 1

Titanium polished 200 T 0.15 1

Titanium polished 500 T 0.20 1

Tungsten 1500–2200 T 0.24–0.31 1

Tungsten 200 T 0.05 1

Tungsten 600–1000 T 0.1–0.16 1

Tungsten filament

Varnish flat Varnish on oak parquet

Varnish on oak parquet

Wallpaper slight pattern,

Wallpaper slight pattern, red 20

Water distilled 20 T 0.96 2 Water frost crystals

Water ice, covered with

dry 20 T 0.92 2

water alloy, 8% Ni, 18%

Cr rolled 700 T 0.45 1 sandblasted 700 T 0.70 1 sheet, polished 70

sheet, untreated, somewhat scratched

somewhat scratched

type 18-8, oxidized at 800°C

rough, lime 10–90 T 0.91 1

insulation 37

paper 20 T 0.91–0.93 1

iron oxidized at 540°C

oxidized at 540°C

floor

light gray

heavy frost

20 T 0.95 2

500 T 0.35 1

70 LW 0.28 9

20 T 0.16 2

60 T 0.85 2

100 T 0.07 2

1000 T 0.60 1 200 T 0.40 1 500 T 0.50 1

3300 T 0.39 1

20 70

70 LW 0.90–0.93 9

–10 T 0.98 2

0 T 0.98 1

SW SW

0.18 9

0.30 9

0.60 7

0.94 5

0.93 6

0.90 9

0.85 6

0.90 6

#T559891; r. AD/38469/38469; en-US

Emissivity tables21

Table 21.1 T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm; 1: Material; 2: Specification;

3:Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum; 5: Emissivity: 6:Reference (continued)

1 2 3 4 5 6

Water ice, smooth 0 T 0.97 1

Water ice, smooth –10 T 0.96 2

Water layer >0.1 mm

Water Water Wood 17 Wood 19 LLW 0.962 8 Wood ground T 0.5–0.7 1

Wood pine, 4 different

Wood planed 20 T 0.8–0.9 1

Wood planed oak 20 T 0.90 2

Wood planed oak 70

Wood planed oak 70 LW 0.88 9

Wood plywood, smooth,

Wood plywood,

Wood white, damp 20 T 0.7–0.8 1

Zinc Zinc oxidized surface Zinc polished 200–300 T 0.04–0.05 1

Zinc sheet 50 T 0.20 1

thick snow snow –10 T 0.85 2

samples

dry

untreated

oxidized at 400°C

0–100 T 0.95–0.98 1

T 0.8 1

70 LW 0.81–0.89 9

400 T 0.11 1 1000–1200 T 0.50–0.60 1

0.98 5

0.67–0.75 9

0.77 9

0.82 7

0.83 6

#T559891; r. AD/38469/38469; en-US

OEM manual (German)

This section contains the original manual from the manufacturer of the enclosure.

#T559891; r. AD/38469/38469; en-US

Betriebsanleitung

IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für

Infrarotkameras

AT – Automation Technology GmbH

Datum: 01.04.2016

Revision: 1.

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 1 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

1 Inhaltsverzeichnis

2 Allgemeine Angaben........................................................................................................................ 2

2.1 Hersteller ................................................................................................................................. 2

2.2 Einleitung ................................................................................................................................. 2

2.3 Kennzeichnung ........................................................................................................................ 3

3 Allgemeine Sicherheitshinweise ...................................................................................................... 4

4 Verwendung und Vorgesehener Einsatzbereich ............................................................................. 5

4.1 Zulässige Einbauten ................................................................................................................. 5

4.2 Zulässige Kabeleinführungen und Steckverbinder .................................................................. 6

4.3 Ausführung mit vorkonfektionierten Anschlusskabeln ........................................................... 6

5 Normenkonformität ........................................................................................................................ 7

6 Technische Daten ............................................................................................................................ 8

7 Transport, Lagerung und Entsorgung ........................................................................................... 10

8 Montage und Demontage ............................................................................................................. 10

9 Installation ..................................................................................................................................... 11

9.1 Installation der Anschlussleitungen ...................................................................................... 12

9.1.1 Hinteren Gehäusedeckel abschrauben ......................................................................... 12

9.1.2 Auflegen der Anschlussleitungen .................................................................................. 12

9.1.3 Hinteren Gehäusedeckel schließen ............................................................................... 13

9.1.4 Erdungsanschluss auflegen ........................................................................................... 13

10 Inbetriebnahme ......................................................................................................................... 14

11 Wartung ..................................................................................................................................... 15

11.1 Regelmäßige Wartungsarbeiten ............................................................................................ 15

11.2 Reinigung ............................................................................................................................... 16

12 Zubehör und Ersatzteile ............................................................................................................ 16

13 EG-Baumusterprüfbescheinigung ............................................................................................. 17

14 EG-Konformitätserklärung ......................................................................................................... 21

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 2 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

2 Allgemeine Angaben

2.1 Hersteller

AT-Automation Technology GmbH Hermann-Bössow-Str. 6-8 23843 Bad Oldesloe Germany

Telefon: +49 4531 88011-0 Telefax: +49 34531 88011-20 Internet: www.AutomationTechnology.de

2.2 Einleitung

Bei den Kameragehäusen der Serie IRCamSafeEX-AXB/C handelt es sich um Schutzgehäuse für Infrarotkameras. Die Gehäuse sind für den Einsatz von Infrarotkameras der Serie FLIR A3XX/SC3XX und A615/SC6XX, sowie Flir G300A und AT IRS und Xenics Serval in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen konzipiert. Die Variante–AXC ist zudem für den Einsatz in staubexplosionsgefährlicher Atmosphäre zugelassen.

Die Schutzgehäuse erfüllen die aktuellen EX-Schutz Normen und sind als komplette Einheit mit allen Einbauten zertifiziert. Eine zusätzliche Zertifizierung nach Einbau der vorgesehenen Kameras ist somit nicht mehr notwendig.

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 3 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

2.3 Kennzeichnung

Gehäusevariante 24V DC:

AT – Automation Technology GmbH

Hermann-Bössow-Straße 6 – 8 • 23843 Bad Oldesloe • Germany

Phone: +49 4531 88011-0 • www.AutomationTechnology.de

Model: IRCamSafeEX-AXC

Serial No.:

71000260

Year: 2016

Power: 24VDC, 60W

-40°C - +40°C / 60°C

Certificate:

ZELM 12 ATEX 0485

X 0820

IP67

WARNUNG / WARNING / ADVERTENCIA / ATTENTION !

NICHT UNTER SPANNUNG ÖFFNEN / DE-ENERGIZE BEFORE OPENING

DESENERGIZAR ANTES DE ABRIR / NE PAS OUVIRIR SOUS TENSION

NACH DEM ABSCHALTEN 10 MINUTEN WARTEN VOR DEM ÖFFNEN.

Gehäusevariante 230V AC:

AT –

Automation Technology GmbH

Hermann-Bössow-Straße 6 –

8 • 23843 Bad Oldesloe • Germany

Phone: +49 4531 88011-0 • www.AutomationTechnology.de

Model: IRCamSafeEX-AXC Serial No.: 71000260 Year: 2016

Power: 230VAC, 60W T

-40°C - +40°C / 60°C

Certificate:

ZELM 12 ATEX 0485 X

0820

IP67

WARNUNG / WARNING / ADVERTENCIA / ATTENTION !

NICHT UNTER SPANNUNG ÖFFNEN / DE-ENERGIZE BEFORE OPENING

DESENERGIZAR ANTES DE ABRIR / NE PAS OUVIRIR SOUS TENSION

NACH DEM ABSCHALTEN 10 MINUTEN WARTEN VOR DEM ÖFFNEN.

II 2G Ex db IIC T6 / T5

II 2D Ex tb IIIC T85° / T100°

II 2G Ex d

b II

C T6 / T

II 2D

Ex tb IIIC T

85° / T100°

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 4 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

3 Allgemeine Sicherheitshinweise

Die Betriebsanleitung enthält grundlegende Sicherheitshinweise, die bei Aufstellung, Betrieb und Wartung zu beachten sind. Nichtbeachtung hat eine Gefährdung für Personen, Anlage und Umwelt zur Folge.

Gefahr durch unbefugte Arbeiten am Gerät!

Montage, Installation, Inbetriebnahme, Betrieb und Wartung dürfen ausschließlich von dazu befugtem und entsprechend geschultem Personal durchgeführt werden.

Vor Montage/Inbetriebnahme:

• Betriebsanleitung lesen.

• Montage- und Betriebspersonal ausreichend schulen.

• Sicherstellen, dass der Inhalt der Betriebsanleitung vom zuständigen Personal voll

verstanden wird.

• Es gelten die nationalen Montage- und Errichtungsvorschriften (z.B. IEC/EN 60079-14).

Bei Unklarheiten:

Mit dem Hersteller Kontakt aufnehmen.

Bei Betrieb der Geräte:

• Betriebsanleitung am Einsatzort verfügbar halten.

• Sicherheitshinweise beachten.

• Nationale Sicherheits- und Unfallverhütungsvorschriften beachten.

• Gerät nur entsprechend der Leistungsdaten betreiben.

• Wartungsarbeiten bzw. Reparaturen, die nicht in der Betriebsanleitung beschrieben

sind, dürfen nicht ohne vorherige Abstimmung mit dem Hersteller durchgeführt werden.

• Beschädigungen können den Explosionsschutz aufheben.

• Umbauten und Veränderungen am Gerät, die den Explosionsschutz beeinträchtigen, sind

nicht gestattet.

• Gerät nur in unbeschädigtem, trockenem und sauberem Zustand einbauen und

betreiben.

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 5 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

4 Verwendung und Vorgesehener Einsatzbereich

Die Schutzgehäuse sind für den Einsatz von Infrarotkameras in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen der Zone 1 und 2, sowie 21 und 22 zugelassen.

Gerät nur bestimmungsgemäß einsetzen!

Sonst erlischt Herstellerhaftung und Gewährleistung.

Gerät ausschließlich entsprechend den in dieser Betriebsanleitung festgelegten Betriebsbedingungen verwenden.

Das Gerät darf in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen nur gemäß dieser Betriebsanleitung betrieben werden.

4.1 Zulässige Einbauten

Folgende Kamera und Optikkombinationen können eingesetzt werden.

Kamera

Optik

Variante

- AXC

Flir

A3XX

SC3XX, A3XXsc

ohne Zusatzoptik

45° Zusatzoptik, f‘ = 10mm

15° Zusatzoptik, f‘ = 30mm

6°

Zusatzoptik, f‘ = 76mm

90° Zusatzoptik, f‘ = 4mm

Flir

A615

SC6XX, A6XXsc

15° Optik, f‘ = 41

3mm

25° Optik, f‘ = 24

6mm

45° Optik, f‘ = 13

1mm

IRS-X-GigE NFOV Optiken

IRS-X-GigE Xenics Serval-X-GigE

Optik, f‘ = 11mm

Optik, f‘

= 25mm

Optik, f‘ =35mm

Optik, f‘ = 60mm

Optik, f‘ = 100mm

Optik, f‘=35

105mm

AX5 NFOV Optiken

Flir

G300A

f‘ = 23mm, F=1

f‘=38mm, F=1,5

Installationsarbeiten nur durch Fachpersonal!

Die Montage der Einbauten erfolgt durch den Hersteller oder durch vom Hersteller autorisiertes Personal.

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 6 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

4.2 Zulässige Kabeleinführungen und Steckverbinder

Für den Anschluss der Stromversorgungsleitung und der Datenübertragungsleitung stehen zwei druckfeste und zünddurchschlagsichere Kabeleinführungen zur Verfügung. Alternativ können druckfeste und zünddurchschlagsichere Steckverbindersysteme eingesetzt werden. Die Kabeleinführungen und Steckverbinderbuchsen sind vom Hersteller vormontiert. Optional wird vom Hersteller das Gehäuse zusätzlich mit bereits angeschlossenen Anschlusskabeln geliefert.

Folgende EX-Kabeleinführungen sind für die Verwendung mit dem Schutzgehäuse geeignet.

Hersteller

Bezeichnung

Größe

Manteldurchmesser

A1 mm

Max. Anzahl

Einzeladern

Stahl

8163/2

20S/16

PXSS2K

M20 20s/16

3.1–

8.7 15

Stahl

8163/2

20S-PXSS2K

M20 20s 6.1 –

11.7 15

Stahl

8163/2

-20-

PXSS2K

M20 20 6.5 –

14.0 15

Stahl

8163/2

20S/16

PX2K

M20 20s/16

6.1 -

11.5 15

Stahl

8163/2

20S-PX2K

M20 20s 9.5 –

15.9 15

Stahl

8163/2

-20-

PX2K

M20 20 12.5

– 20.9 15

Hummel

EXIOS Barrier 1.606.2000.50

20-1 6 – 12 8

Hummel

EXIOS Barrier 1.606.2000.51

20-2 9 – 16 10

Hummel

EXIOS Barrier 1.606.2000.52

20-3

12.5

– 20.5 15

Folgende EX-Steckverbindersysteme sind für die Verwendung mit dem Schutzgehäuse geeignet.

Hersteller

Beschreibung

Bezeichnung

Stahl

Gerätestecker für Stromversorgungsanschluss

2 polig + PE

8591/16.

-06-

3.00

Stahl

Gerätestecker in Ethernet Ausführung 4 polig

8591/467

-01-

3022

Hawke

Einbaubuchse für

Stromversorgungsanschluss, 4 polig

N-

BR1-M-B-P-X-0-3-X-A

Hawke

Einbaubuchse für Ethernetanschluss, 8 polig

N-

BR1-M-C-P-X-0-8-X-A

Im Zuge von Aktualisierungen kann sich die Kennzeichnung entsprechend den aktuellen Normanforderungen ändern.

Installationsarbeiten nur durch Fachpersonal!

Die Montage der Kabeleinführungen und der gehäuseseitigen Steckverbinder erfolgt durch den Hersteller oder durch vom Hersteller autorisiertes Personal.

4.3 Ausführung mit vorkonfektionierten Anschlusskabeln

Anschluss 1 (Datenverbindung) ist mit einem LWL-Anschlusskabel mit folgenden Eigenschaften ausgestattet.

• Vieradriges LWL Breakoutkabel für den Außeneinsatz, AT-V(ZN)Y(ZN)Y 4G50/125 OM2 oder

62.5/125 OM1 (z.B. Helukabel 803348 mit Manteldurchmesser 8,5mm)

• 4x LC Stecker auf der Gehäuseinnenseite vorkonfektioniert, Einzelader Innenlänge 450mm

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 7 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

• Zweite Anschlussseite ist nicht-konfektioniert und zum Spleißen geeignet

• Typische Länge 5m

Anschluss 2 (Stromversorgung) ist mit einem 3 adrigen Kupfer-Kabel (z.B. Helukabel 37264) mit folgenden Eigenschaften ausgestattet.

• Manteldurchmesser: 9.8mm

• Aderquerschnitt: 3 x 1,5mm

feindrähtig

• Typische Länge 5m, optional mit Stecker Stahl 8570/12-306 konfektioniert

Kundenspezifische Längen und Konfektionierungen der freien Enden sind auf Anfrage möglich.

5 Normenkonformität

Die Schutzgehäuse entsprechen den folgenden Normen und Richtlinien:

• Richtlinie 94/9/EG

• EN 60079-0:2014; „Explosionsfähige Atmosphäre - Teil 0: Geräte - Allgemeine

Anforderungen“

• EN 60079-1:2014; „Explosionsfähige Atmosphäre - Teil 1: Geräteschutz durch druckfeste

Kapselung „d““

• EN 600079-31:2014; „Explosionsfähige Atmosphäre - Teil 31: Geräte-Staubexplosionsschutz

durch Gehäuse "t"“

Für den Einsatz des Schutzgehäuses sind u.a. folgende Normen zu beachten:

• EN 60079-14:2014; „Explosionsfähige Atmosphäre - Teil 14: Projektierung, Auswahl und

Errichtung elektrischer Anlagen“

• EN 60079-17:2014; „Explosionsfähige Atmosphäre - Teil 17: Prüfung und Instandhaltung

elektrischer Anlagen“

• EN 60079-28:2007; „Explosionsfähige Atmosphäre - Teil 28: Schutz von Einrichtungen und

Übertragungssystemen, die mit optischer Strahlung arbeiten“

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 8 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

6 Technische Daten

Allgemeine technische Daten:

• Normal-Betriebsumgebungstemperaturbereich T

: -40°C … +60°C

• Schutzart: IP67

• Gewicht: 6,7 kg (ohne Kamera und Optik)

• Leervolumen: 5,06l

• Außenmaße (ohne Sonnendach und Anschlüsse): D=170mm, L=408mm

• Gehäusematerial: Aluminium

• Oberfläche: pulverbeschichtet,

• Material infrarotdurchlässiges Fenster: Germanium, beidseitig AR beschichtet, außen

zusätzlich hardcarbon beschichtet

• Maximale Leistung der Zusatzheizung: 16W + 6W (Fensterheizung)

• Optionale Zusatzheizung für kalte Gebiete: 18W

• Betriebsspannung: 115VAC 60Hz / 230VAC 50Hz / 24V DC

• Maximale elektrische Anschlussleistung: 60W

• Integrierter Controller:

o 4 Port Switch mit 2x LWL-LC 100Base-FX oder 2x RJ45(10/100) Up-Links o Unterstützt Ring-Topologie für reduzierten Verkabelungsaufwand o 2 interne Temperatursensoren, Luftfeuchte und Drucksensor o schaltbare Kameraversorgung und Zusatzheizung via Modbus-TCP/IP o Web-Interface zur Konfiguration

EX-Schutz spezifische Angaben:

• Für Einsatz in EX-Zone : 1, 2

• Zündschutzart: druckfeste Kapselung „d“

• Maximale Oberflächentemperatur gemäß Temperaturklasse T6: maximal 85°C

• ATEX Kennzeichnung

o II 2G Ex db IIC T6 / T5 o II 2D Ex tb IIIC T85° / T100

• Prüfbescheinigung: ZELM 12 ATEX 0485 X

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 9 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

Abb. 1: Übersicht IRCamSafeEX-AXC (alle Maße in mm) – Änderungen vorbehalten

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 10 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

7 Transport, Lagerung und Entsorgung

Transport: Erschütterungsfrei in der Originalverpackung, nicht stürzen, vorsichtig handhaben.

Lagerung: Trocken in der Originalverpackung lagern

Entsorgung: Die umweltgerechte Entsorgung aller Bauteile gemäß den gesetzlichen Bestimmungen ist sicherzustellen.

8 Montage und Demontage

Vor der Montage den Umgebungstemperaturbereich und die Schutzart gemäß Typenschild auf Zulässigkeit im Montagebereich prüfen.

Die für die Montage vorgesehenen Befestigungsbohrungen sin der Zeichnung Abb. 1 zu entnehmen. Für die Befestigung des Schutzgehäuses auf eine Montageplatte erfolgt können die 8x M5 Gewinde des Schutzgehäuses verwendet werden. Alternativ kann eine Befestigungsschiene zur Montage auf einer Wandhalterung verwendet werden. Bei der Montage auf festen Sitz der Schrauben achten, maximal 3.5Nm Anzugsdrehmoment in den M5 – Befestigungsgewinden verwenden. Die Befestigungsschrauben sind gegen Selbstlockern mit Sicherungsscheiben zu sichern.

Bei freier Bewitterung wird empfohlen, das Schutzgehäuse mit Sonnenschutzdach

auszurüsten.

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 11 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

9 Installation

Installationsarbeiten nur durch Fachpersonal!

Installationsarbeiten dürfen nur von dazu befugtem und entsprechend geschultem Personal durchgeführt werden. Geltende nationale Bestimmungen im Einsatzland, z.B. EN 60079-14 beachten. Die Montage der Kabeleinführungen oder gehäuseseitigen Steckverbinder und die Installation der Anschlussleitungen erfolgt durch den Hersteller oder durch vom Hersteller autorisiertes Personal.

Gefahr durch spannungsführende Teile!

Es ist sicherzustellen, dass alle Zuleitungen spannungsfrei geschaltet sind und gegen unbefugtes Schalten gesichert sind.

Gefahr durch unzulässige Kabeleinführungen!

Bei Verwendung unzulässiger Kabeleinführungen ist der Explosionsschutz nicht mehr gewährleistet. Nur Kabeleinführungen verwenden, die für die geforderte Zündschutzart zugelassen sind und für das Gehäuse vom Hersteller benannt sind, s. Abschnitt „Zulässige Kabeleinführungen und Steckverbinder“.

Gefahr durch fehlerhafte Zugentlastung!

Bei Verwendung von Kabeleinführungen ist bei fehlerhafter Zugentlastung der Explosionsschutz nicht mehr gewährleistet. Kabel und Leitungen fest verlegen. Betriebsanleitung zur Kabeldurchführung beachten.

Gefahr durch beschädigte Gewinde!

Bei beschädigten Gewinden ist der zünddurchschlagssichere Spalt nicht mehr gewährleistet. Gehäusedeckel vorsichtig ablegen bzw. vorsichtig auf das Gehäuse aufsetzen. Gehäusedeckel oder Gehäuse mit beschädigtem Gewinde sofort austauschen!

Gefahr durch fehlerhafte Abdichtung!

Der Explosionsschutz ist in hohem Maße von der Einhaltung der IP-Schutzart abhängig. Bei allen Arbeiten auf korrekten Sitz und einwandfreien Zustand aller Dichtungen achten.

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 12 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

9.1 Installation der Anschlussleitungen

Leitungen

Die Qualität der verwendeten Zuleitung ist so zu wählen, dass sie den thermischen und mechanischen Anforderungen im Einsatzbereich genügt. Die Kabel müssen den entsprechenden Richtlinien für direkte Einführung in druckfeste Kapselung nach EN 60079-14 genügen. Die Kabeleinführung ist mit Vergussmasse zur Abdichtung der Einzeladern auszuführen.

Abb. 2: Darstellung der Anschlüsse am Controllerboard

9.1.1 Hinteren Gehäusedeckel abschrauben

1. 1x Gehäuseindexschraube lösen

2. 4x Gehäuseklemmschraube lösen

3. Montageschlüssel für Deckel hinten aufsetzen und Gehäusedeckel abschrauben

4. Gehäusedeckel vorsichtig ablegen

9.1.2 Auflegen der Anschlussleitungen

• Führen Sie die Anschlussleitungen mit der kompletten äußeren Isolation durch die

Kabeleinführungen in den Anschlussraum.

• Stellen Sie dabei sicher, dass der Kabeldurchmesser mit dem Klemmquerschnitt auf der

Kabeleinführung übereinstimmt und die Abdichtung mit der Vergussmasse gemäß Bedienungsanleitung der Kabeleinführung ausgeführt ist.

• Ziehen Sie die Sechskantmuttern der Kabeleinführung so fest an, dass die Dichtheit des

Anschlussraumes sowie der Zugentlastungsschutz der Anschlussstellen gesichert sind.

• Die Anzugsdrehmomente entnehmen Sie den Betriebsanleitungen der Komponenten.

• Verlegen Sie die Anschlussleitungen im Anschlussraum so, dass:

o Die für den jeweiligen Leiterquerschnitt zulässigen minimalen Biegeradien nicht

unterschritten werden.

o Mechanische Beschädigungen der Leiterisolation ausgeschlossen sind.

LWL-LC Anschluss

Anschluss Versorgungsleitung

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 13 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

Nicht korrekt durchgeführte Installation!

• Bitte beachten Sie die Gewindegrößen für die Leitungseinführungen in der Dokumentation

des Betriebsmittels.

• Die Anschlussleistung muss den geltenden Vorschriften entsprechen und über den

erforderlichen Querschnitt verfügen. Der Durchmesser muss mit den Angaben auf der Kabeldurchführung übereinstimmen.

• Durch geeignete Auswahl der verwendeten Leitungen sowie durch die Art der Verlegung

muss sichergestellt sein, dass maximal zulässige Leitertemperaturen nicht überschritten werden.

• Die zulässige Umgebungstemperatur an den eingebauten Komponenten darf nicht

überschritten werden.

• Es muss sichergestellt werden, dass beim Abisolieren die Leiterisolation bis an die

Klemmen heranreicht.

• Der Leiter darf beim Abisolieren nicht beschädigt werden.

• Die Schaltgerätekombination darf nur in trockener und sauberer Umgebung installiert

werden.

9.1.3 Hinteren Gehäusedeckel schließen

1. Korrekten Sitz und einwandfreien Zustand des O-Rings prüfen

2. Gewinde des hinteren Deckels auf einwandfreien Zustand und Sauberkeit prüfen. Bei

Beschädigung des Gewindes muss der Deckel ausgetauscht werden!

3. Prüfen das auf dem Gewinde Montagepaste (z.B. Teflonpaste) aufgebracht ist.

4. Neues Trockenmittel einsetzen

5. Gehäusedeckel vorsichtig aufsetzen und mit Hand zuschrauben

6. Montageschlüssel für Deckel hinten aufsetzen und Gehäusedeckel zuschrauben, bis

Indexposition erreicht ist

7. 1x Gehäuseindexschraube Gewindestift einschrauben und festziehen

8. 4x Gehäuseklemmschraube einschrauben und festziehen

9.1.4 Erdungsanschluss auflegen

Der Erdungsanschluss ist für feindrähtige Kabel bis 1,5mm2 und für eindrähtige Kabel bis 2,5mm2 geeignet. Das abisolierte Ende des Erdungskabels in den Erdungsanschluss einlegen und die M4Schraube des Erdungsanschlusses mit einem maximalen Anzugsdrehmoment von 1,2Nm festziehen.

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 14 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

10 Inbetriebnahme

Vor der Inbetriebnahme

• Sicherstellen, dass das Gerät nicht beschädigt ist.

• Sicherstellen, dass das Gerät vorschriftsmäßig installiert ist.

• Sicherstellen, dass das Fenster-Schutzgitter ordnungsgemäß montiert ist.

• Kabeleinführungen auf Schäden untersuchen und auf festen Sitz prüfen.

• Schrauben und Muttern auf festen Sitz prüfen.

• Verlegung der Stromversorgungs- und Datenkabel prüfen. Kabelmantel auf Beschädigungen

untersuchen.

• Anzugsdrehmomente kontrollieren.

• Sicherstellen, dass ggf. nicht benutzte Kabel- und Leitungseinführungen mit gemäß Richtlinie

94/9/EG bescheinigten Stopfen abgedichtet sind.

Schritte während der Inbetriebnahme

1. Netzspannung zuschalten

2. Konfigurieren der Ethernet-Verbindung zum Schutzgehäusekontroller mit dem Tool „EDS

Configurator“

3. Starten der Website des Schutzgehäusekontrollers und ggf. Konfigurieren der Netzwerk-

Switch Einstellungen.

4. Prüfen und Konfigurieren der Ethernet-Verbindung zur Infrarotkamera mit dem Tool „FLIR IP

Config“

5. Starten der Monitorsoftware

6. Prüfen des Kamerabildes

7. Prüfen der Sensorwerte (Temperatur, Luftfeuchte, Druck) des Schutzgehäusekontrollers

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 15 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

11 Wartung

Der Betreiber einer elektrischen Anlage in explosionsgefährdeter Umgebung hat diese in ordnungsgemäßem Zustand zu halten, ordnungsgemäß zu betreiben, zu überwachen und Instandhaltungs- sowie Instandsetzungsarbeiten durchzuführen! Wartungsarbeiten und Arbeiten zur Störungsbeseitigung dürfen nur von Fachpersonal durchgeführt werden. Im Rahmen der Wartung sind vor allem die Teile, von denen die Zündschutzart und die Funktionsfähigkeit abhängen, auf Ihren ordnungsgemäßen Zustand zu prüfen. Vor der Wartung und/oder Störungsbeseitigung sind die angegebenen Sicherheitsvorschriften zu beachten.

Gefahr durch spannungsführende Teile!

Vor Beginn der Wartungsarbeiten Gerät spannungsfrei schalten. Gerät gegen unbefugtes Schalten sichern.

Gefahr bei Öffnen des Gehäuses oder der Kabelverschraubungen!

Vor Öffnen des Gehäuses oder der Kabelverschraubungen sind das Gerät und alle eventuell angeschlossenen LWL-Einheiten spannungsfrei zu schalten und gegen unbefugtes Wiedereinschalten zu sichern.

Installationsarbeiten nur durch Fachpersonal!

Installationsarbeiten dürfen nur von dazu befugtem und entsprechend geschultem Personal durchgeführt werden. Geltende nationale Bestimmungen im Einsatzland, z.B. EN 60079-17 sind zu beachten.

11.1 Regelmäßige Wartungsarbeiten

Art und Umfang der Prüfungen sind den entsprechenden nationalen Vorschriften (z.B. IEC/EN 60079-

17) zu entnehmen. Die Fristen sind so zu bemessen, dass entstehende Mängel in der Anlage, mit denen zu rechnen ist, rechtzeitig festgestellt werden.

Im Rahmen der Wartung:

• Das Gerät auf sichtbare Schäden, wie mechanische Beschädigungen, Verzug und Korrosion

prüfen.

• Kabeleinführungen und Leitungen auf festen Sitz prüfen.

• Schrauben und Muttern auf festen Sitz prüfen.

• Kabeleinführung / Steckverbinder auf Schäden untersuchen.

• Sind die Wartungsvorschriften der eingesetzten Kabeleinführungen / Steckverbinder gemäß

deren Bedienungsanleitung zu befolgen.

• Einhaltung der zulässigen Temperaturen gem. IEC/EN 60079-0 prüfen.

• Bestimmungsgemäße Funktion prüfen.

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 16 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

11.2 Reinigung

Die Reinigung des Gehäuses kann mit einem Tuch, Besen, Staubsauger o.ä. erfolgen. Sollte für die Reinigung des Sichtfensters die Demontage des Schutzgitters erforderlich sein ist das Gerät vorher spannungsfrei zu schalten. Das Fenster kann mit Wasser oder auch mit Isopropanol (vorausgesetzt das dieses in dem Bereich zulässig ist) gereinigt werden.

Gefahr durch fehlende Schutzvorrichtung!

Vor Demontage des Schutzgitters ist das Gerät und alle eventuell angeschlossenen LWL-Einheiten spannungsfrei zu schalten und gegen unbefugtes Wiedereinschalten zu sichern.

12 Zubehör und Ersatzteile

Bezeichnung Bestellnummer

O-Ring für

Gehäusedeckel

102141613

-14

Gehäuseindexschraube Gewindestift ISO 4027 M4x6

102141613

-19

Gehäuseklemmschraube Gewindestift ISO 4026 M4x6

102141613

-18

Dichtring Kabelverschraubung M20x2

102141613

-33

Befestigungsschraube Schutzgitter DIN 6912 M5x12

102141613

-17

Sonnenschutzdach

102141613

-11

Befestigungsschiene

102141613

-12

Schraube für Befestigungsschiene M5x8

102141613

-31

Trockenmittel

102141613

-32

Montageschlüssel für Deckel hinten mit Anschluss SW32

102141613

-50

Zubehör

Freiblasvorsatz

102141615

120

Kabelverschraubungen und Steckverbinder dürfen nur nach Abstimmung und Autorisierung durch den Hersteller ausgetauscht werden.

Verwendung unzulässiger Zubehör- und Ersatzteile!

Herstellerhaftung und Gewährleistung erlischt. Nur Original-Zubehör sowie Original-Ersatzteile der Fa. AT-Automation Technology GmbH verwenden.

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 17 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

13 EG-Baumusterprüfbescheinigung

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 18 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 19 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 20 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 21 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

14 EG-Konformitätserklärung

EG-Konformitätserklärung EC-Declaration of Conformity Déclaration de Conformité CE

AT –

Automation Technology GmbH • Hermann

Bössow

Strasse 6

– 8 • D

23843 Bad Oldesloe, Germany

erklärt in alleiniger Verantwortung, declares in its sole responsibility, déclare sous sa seule responsabilité

dass das Produkt

that the product que le produit

IRCamSafeEX-AXC

Kennzeichnung, marking, marquage (-AXC):

II 2G Ex db IIC T6 / T5 0820 II 2D Ex tb IIIC T85° / T100° 0820

mit der EG-Baumusterprüfbescheinigung:

under EC-Type Examination Certificate: avec Attestation d’examen CE de type:

ZELM 12 ATEX 0485 X (ZELM Ex e.K. Siekgraben 56, 38124 Braunschweig)

Kenn-Nr. der benannten Stelle:

Notified Body number: No de l’organisme de certification:

0820

auf das sich diese Erklärung bezieht, mit den folgenden Normen oder normativen Dokumenten übereinstimmt

Bestimmungen der Richtlinie

Terms of the directive Prescription de la directive

Nummer sowie Ausgabedatum der Norm

Number and date of issue of the standard Numéro ainsi que date d’émission de la norme

94/9/EG: ATEX-Richtlinie

94/9/EC: ATEX Directive 94/9/CE: Directive ATEX

EN 60079-0: 2014 EN 60079-1: 2014 EN 60079-31: 2014

2006/95/EG: Niederspannungsrichtlinie

2006/95/EC: Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/CE: Directive Basse Tension

EN 61010-1:2010

2004/108/EG: EMV-Richtlinie

2004/108/EC: EMC Directive 2004/108/CE: Directive CEM

EN 61000-4-2 EN 61000-4-3 EN 61000-4-4 EN 61000-4-5 EN 61000-4-6 EN 61000-4-8 EN 61000-4-11

Bad Oldesloe, 1. April. 2016

Ort und Datum

Place and Date Lieu et date

Dr. Andrè Kasper Leiter Qualitätssicherung

Director Quality Management Dept. Directeur Dept. Assurance de Qualité

Betriebsanleitung IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Gehäuse für Infrarotkameras 22 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

OEM manual (English)

This section contains a translation of the original manual from the manufacturer of the enclosure. The translation has been approved by the manufacturer.

#T559891; r. AD/38469/38469; en-US

Operating Instructions

IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex-d Enclosure for Infrared

Cameras

AT – Automation Technology GmbH

Date: 4/1/2016

Version: 1.3

Operating Instructions IRCamSafeEX-AXC Ex d Enclosure for Infrared Cameras

1 AT-Automation Technology GmbH

1 Contents

2 General Information ........................................................................................................................ 2

2.1 Manufacturer .......................................................................................................................... 2

2.2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 2

2.3 Labeling ................................................................................................................................... 3

3 General Safety Instructions ............................................................................................................. 4

4 Use and Intended Area of Application ............................................................................................ 5

4.1 Permitted Attachments ........................................................................................................... 5

4.2 Permitted Cable Glands and Connectors ................................................................................ 6

4.3 Construction With Preassembled Connection Cables ............................................................. 6

5 Compliance With Applicable Standards .......................................................................................... 8

6 Technical Data ................................................................................................................................. 9

7 Transport, Storage and Disposal ................................................................................................... 11

8 Assembly and Disassembly ............................................................................................................ 11

9 Installation ..................................................................................................................................... 12

9.1 Installing the Connection Lines ............................................................................................. 13

9.1.1 Unscrewing the Rear Enclosure Cover .......................................................................... 13

9.1.2 Installing the Connection Lines ..................................................................................... 13

9.1.3 Locking the Rear Enclosure Cover ................................................................................. 14

9.1.4 Installing the Earth Connection ..................................................................................... 14

10 Commissioning .......................................................................................................................... 15

11 Maintenance.............................................................................................................................. 16

11.1 Regular Maintenance Work................................................................................................... 16

11.2 Cleaning ................................................................................................................................. 17

12 Fittings and Replacement Parts ................................................................................................. 17

13 EC-Type Examination Certificate ............................................................................................... 18

14 EC Declaration of Conformity .................................................................................................... 22

FLIR A310 ex User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Disclaimers

1.1 Legal disclaimer

1.2 Usage statistics

1.3 Changes to registry

1.4 U.S. Government Regulations

1.5 Copyright

1.6 Quality assurance

1.7 Patents

1.8 EULA Terms

1.9 EULA Terms

Notice to user

2.1 User-to-user forums

2.2 Calibration

2.3 Accuracy

2.4 Disposal of electronic waste

2.5 Training

2.6 Documentation updates

2.7 Important note about this manual

2.8 Note about authoritative versions

Customer help

3.1 General

3.2 Submitting a question

3.3 Downloads

Safety information

What is FLIR A310 ex?

Typical system overview

Typical system setup procedure

Technical data

8.1 Online field-of-view calculator

8.2 Note about technical data

8.3 Note about authoritative versions

8.4 FLIR A310 ex 25°

8.5 FLIR A310 ex 45°

Mechanical drawings

EC Type Examination Certificate

EC Type Examination Certificate, 1st supplement

EC Type Examination Certificate, 3rd supplement

EC Declaration of conformity (enclosure)

Certiticate of conformity (camera)

About FLIR Systems

15.1 More than just an infrared camera

15.2 Sharing our knowledge

15.3 Supporting our customers

Glossary

Thermographic measurement techniques

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Emissivity

17.2.1 Finding the emissivity of a sample

17.3 Reflected apparent temperature

17.4 Distance

17.5 Relative humidity

17.6 Other parameters

History of infrared technology

Theory of thermography

19.1 Introduction

19.2 The electromagnetic spectrum

19.3 Blackbody radiation

19.3.1 Planck’s law

19.3.2 Wien’s displacement law

19.3.3 Stefan-Boltzmann's law

19.3.4 Non-blackbody emitters

19.4 Infrared semi-transparent materials

The measurement formula

Emissivity tables

21.1 References

21.2 Tables