Fisher Reference Manuals & Guides

Chemical Compatibility of Elastomers and Metals

Te c h n i c a l
Introduction
This section explains the uses and compatibilities of elastomers commonly used in Fisher® regulators. The following tables provide the compatibility of the most common elastomers and metals to a variety of chemicals and/or compounds.
The information contained herein is extracted from data we believe to be reliable. However, because of variable service conditions over which we have no control, we do not in any way make any warranty, either express or implied, as to the properties of any materials or as to the performance of any such materials in any particular application, and we hereby expressly disclaim any responsibility for the accuracy of any of the information set forth herein.
Refer to the applicable process gas service code or standard
to determine if a specic material found in the Process Gases
Application Guide is allowed to be used in that service.
Elastomers: Chemical Names and Uses
NBR - Nitrile Rubber, also called Buna-N, is a copolymer of
butadiene and acrylonitrile. Nitrile is recommended for: general
purpose sealing, petroleum oils and uids, water, silicone greases
and oils, di-ester based lubricants (such as MIL-L-7808), and
ethylene glycol based uids (Hydrolubes). It is not recommended
for: halogenated hydrocarbons, nitro hydrocarbons (such as
nitrobenzene and aniline), phosphate ester hydraulic uids
(Skydrol, Cellulube, Pydraul), ketones (MEK, acetone), strong
acids, ozone, and automotive brake uid. Its temperature range is
-60° to 225°F (-51° to 107°C), although this would involve more than one compound and would depend upon the stress state of the component in service.
EPDM, EPM - Ethylenepropylene rubber is an elastomer prepared
from ethylene and propylene monomers. EPM is a copolymer of ethylene and propylene, while EPDM contains a small amount of a third monomer (a diene) to aid in the curing process. EP is
recommended for: phosphate ester based hydraulic uids, steam to
400°F (204°C), water, silicone oils and greases, dilute acids, dilute
alkalis, ketones, alcohols, and automotive brake uids. It is not
recommended for: petroleum oils, and di-ester based lubricants. Its temperature range is -60° to 500°F (-51° to 260°C) (The high limit would make use of a special high temperature formulation developed for geothermal applications).
FKM - This is a uoroelastomer of the polymethylene type having
substituent uoro and peruoroalkyl or peruoroalkoxy groups
on the polymer chain. Viton® and Fluorel® are the most common trade names. FKM is recommended for: petroleum oils, di-ester based lubricants, silicate ester based lubricants (such as MLO
8200, MLO 8515, OS-45), silicone uids and greases, halogenated hydrocarbons, selected phosphate ester uids, and some acids. It
is not recommended for: ketones, Skydrol 500, amines (UDMH), anhydrous ammonia, low molecular weight esters and ethers, and
hot hydrouoric and chlorosulfonic acids. Its temperature range is
-20° to 450°F (-29° to 232°C) (This extended range would require
special grades and would limit use on each end of the range.).
CR - This is chloroprene, commonly know as neoprene, which
is a homopolymer of chloroprene (chlorobutadiene). CR is recommended for: refrigerants (Freons, ammonia), high aniline
point petroleum oils, mild acids, and silicate ester uids. It is not recommended for: phosphate ester uids and ketones. Its temperature range is -60° to 200°F (-51° to 93°C), although this
would involve more than one compound.
NR - This is natural rubber which is a natural polyisoprene,
primarily from the tree, Hevea Brasiliensis. The synthetics have all but completely replaced natural rubber for seal use.
NR is recommended for automotive brake uid, and it is not
recommended for petroleum products. Its temperature range is
-80° to 180°F (-62° to 82°C).
FXM - This is a copolymer of tetrauoroethylene and propylene;
hence, it is sometimes called PTFE/P rubber. Common trade
names are Aas® (Asahi Glass Co., Ltd) and Fluoraz® (Greene,
Tweed & Co.). It is generally used where resistance to both hydrocarbons and hot water are required. Its temperature range is 20° to 400°F (-7° to 204°C).
ECO - This is commonly called Hydrin® rubber, although that is a
trade name for a series of rubber materials by B.F. Goodrich. CO is the designation for the homopolymer of epichlorohydrin, ECO is the designation for a copolymer of ethylene oxide and chloromethyl oxirane (epichlorohydrin copolymer), and ETER is the designation for the terpolymer of epichlorohydrin, ethylene oxide, and an unsaturated monomer. All the epichlorohydrin rubbers exhibit better heat resistance than nitrile rubbers, but corrosion with aluminum may limit applications. Normal temperature range is (-40° to 250°F (-40° to 121°C), while maximum temperature ranges
are -40° to 275°F (-40° to 135°C) (for homopolymer CO) and
-65° to 275°F (-54° to 135°C) (for copolymer ECO and
terpolymer ETER).
FFKM - This is a peruoroelastomer generally better known as
Kalrez® (DuPont) and Chemraz® (Greene, Tweed). Peruoro rubbers of the polymethylene type have all substituent groups on
the polymer chain of uoro, peruoroalkyl, or peruoroalkoxy
groups. The resulting polymer has superior chemical resistance and heat temperature resistance. This elastomer is extremely expensive and should be used only when all else fails. Its temperature range is 0° to 480°F (-18° to 249°C). Some materials, such as Kalrez® 1050LF is usable to 550°F (288°C) and Kalrez® 4079 can be used to 600°F (316°C).
FVMQ - This is uorosilicone rubber which is an elastomer that
should be used for static seals because it has poor mechanical properties. It has good low and high temperature resistance and
is reasonably resistant to oils and fuels because of its uorination. Because of the cost, it only nds specialty use. Its temperature
range is -80° to 400°F (-62° to 204°C).
VMQ - This is the most general term for silicone rubber. Silicone
rubber can be designated MQ, PMQ, and PVMQ, where the Q designates any rubber with silicon and oxygen in the polymer chain, and M, P, and V represent methyl, phenyl, and vinyl substituent groups on the polymer chain. This elastomer is used only for static seals due to its poor mechanical properties. Its
temperature range is -175° to 600°F (-115° to 316°C) (Extended
temperature ranges require special compounds for high or low temperatures).
659
Chemical Compatibility of Elastomers and Metals
Te c h n i c a l
660
General Properties of Elastomers
PROPERTY
Tensile
Strength,
Psi (bar)
Abrasion Resistance Excellent Good Good Excellent Fair Poor Poor Excellent Very Good Excellent Good Good
Cracking Resistance
Solvent Resistance:
Aliphatic Hydrocarbon
Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Oxygenated Solvent Halogenated Solvent
Low Aniline Mineral Oil
High Aniline Mineral
Synthetic Lubricants Organic Phosphates
Gasoline Resistance:
Diluted (Under 10%)
Flexibility (Maximum)
Permeability to Gases Fair Fair Fair Very Good Very Good Good Fair Very Good Good Good Good Good
Diluted (Under 10%)
Elongation (Maximum) 700% 500% 500% 500% 700% 400% 300% 300% 425% 625% 200% 500%
1. Do not use with steam.
2. Do not use with ammonia.
  3.  Do not use with petroleum based uids.  Use with ester based non-ammable hydraulic oils and low pressure steam applications to 300°F (149°C).
4. Except for nitric and sulfuric acid.
Pure Gum
Reinforced
Tear Resistance Excellent Poor-Fair Fair Good Good Fair Poor-Fair Excellent Good Excellent Fair Poor
Aging: Sunlight
Oxidation
Heat
(Maximum
Temperature)
Static (Shelf) Good Good Good Very Good Good Fair Good Good - - - - - - - - Good Good
Flex
Compression Set
Resistance
Oil Resistance:
Oil
Aromatic
Non-Aromatic
Acid Resistance:
Concentrated
Low Temperature
Water Resistance Good Very Good
Alkali Resistance:
Concentrated
Resilience Very Good Fair Fair Very Good Very Good Poor Good Good Good Fair Very Poor Very Good
NATURAL
RUBBER
(93°C)
Excellent Good Good Excellent Excellent Fair Fair Excellent - - - - Excellent Good - - - -
Very Poor Very Poor
Very Poor
Very Poor Very Poor Very Poor Very Poor
Very Poor Very Poor
(4)
(-54°C)
BUNA-S
3000
(207)
4500
3000 (207)
(310)
Poor
Good
200°F 
Good Good
Very Poor Very Poor
Good
Very Poor
Very Poor Very Poor Very Poor Very Poor
Very Poor Very Poor
Good
Fair
-65°F
Good
(-46°C)
Fair
400
(28)
Poor
Fair
200°F 
(93°C)
Good
Good
Poor
-50°F
Good
Fair
NITRILE
(NBR)
(41)
4000
(276)
Poor
250°F 
(121°C)
Very
Good
Good
Poor
Very Poor
Excellent Excellent
Very Poor
Good
Excellent
Good
Poor
-40°F
(-40°C)
Very
Good
Good
NEO-
PRENE
600
Excellent
Fair
(93°C)
Excellent Fair Poor Good Poor Poor Good Good Fair
Fair
Very Poor
Fair
Very Poor Very Poor
(-40°C)
Fair
BUTYL THIOKOL®SILICONE HYPALON
(CR)
3500
(241)
3500
(241)
Good
200°F 
Fair
Poor
Fair
Fair
Good
Poor
Good
Fair Fair
-40°F
Fair Very Good Fair Fair Fair Excellent Fair Fair Very Good
Good Good
3000 (207)
3000 (207)
Excellent
Good
200°F  (93°C)
Poor
Very Poor
Good Poor
Very Poor Very Poor
Poor Good
Very Poor Very Poor
Good
Fair
-40°F
(-40°C)
Very Good Very Good
300 (21)
1500 (103)
Good Good
140°F  (60°C)
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
Excellent Excellent
Poor Poor
Excellent Excellent
Poor
Very Poor
-40°F
(-40°C)
Poor Poor
200 to 450
(14 to 31)
1100
(76)
Good
Very Good
450°F 
(232°C)
Poor
Very Poor
Poor
Very Poor
Poor
Good
Fair
Poor
Poor
Good
Fair
Poor
-100°F (-73°C)
Fair
Poor
4000
(276)
4400 (303)
Excellent
Very Good
300°F 
(149°C)
Fair Poor Poor
Very Poor
Fair
Good
Poor Poor
Poor
Fair
Good Good
-20°F
(-29°C)
Good Good
FLUORO-
®
ELASTOMER
(FKM)
- - - - - - - -
2300
(159)
Excellent Excellent
400°F 
(204°C)
Excellent
Very Good
Good
- - - -
Excellent Excellent
- - - ­Poor
Good
Very Good
Excellent
Very Good
-30°F
(-34°C)
Excellent
Very Good
(1,2)
POLY-
URETHANE
6500
(448)
Excellent Excellent
200°F  (93°C)
Very Good
Fair
Poor
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - ­Poor
Fair
Good
Fair
Poor
-40°F
(-40°C)
Fair
Poor
POLY-
(2)
(1)
ACRYLIC
100 (7)
1800
(124)
Excellent Excellent Good
350°F 
(177°C)
Good
Poor Poor Poor
Excellent Excellent
Fair
Poor
Fair
Poor
Poor Poor
-10°F
(-23°C)
Poor Poor
ETHYLENE-
PROPYLENE
(EPDM)
- - - -
2500
(172)
350°F 
(177°C)
Poor
Fair
- - - ­Poor
Poor Poor Poor
Very Good
Fair
Poor
Very Good
Good
-50°F
(-45°C)
Excellent
Good
( 3 )
Chemical Compatibility of Elastomers and Metals
661
Te c h n i c a l
Fluid Compatibility of Elastomers
FLUID
Acetic Acid (30%) Acetone
  Air, Ambient   Air, Hot (200°F (93°C))
Alcohol (Ethyl) Alcohol (Methyl) Ammonia (Anhydrous) (Cold)
  Ammonia (Gas, Hot)
Beer Benzene Brine (Calcium Chloride) Butadiene Gas Butane (Gas)
Butane (Liquid) Carbon Tetrachloride Chlorine (Dry) Chlorine (Wet) Coke Oven Gas
Ethyl Acetate Ethylene Glycol Freon 11 Freon 12 Freon 22
Freon 114 Gasoline (Automotive) Hydrogen Gas
  Hydrogen Sulde (Dry)   Hydrogen Sulde (Wet)
Jet Fuel (JP-4) Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) MTBE Natural Gas
Nitric Acid (50 to 100%) Nitrogen Oil (Fuel) Propane
Sulfur Dioxide Sulfuric Acid (up to 50%) Sulfuric Acid (50 to 100%) Water (Ambient)
  Water (at 200°F (93°C))
1. Performance worsens with hot temperatures. A - Recommended B - Minor to moderate effect. Proceed with caution. C - Unsatisfactory N/A - Information not available
Neoprene (CR) Nitrile (NBR) Fluoroelastomer (FKM)
B C A C A A A
B A C A C A
C C C C C
C A C A A
A C A A B
B C C A
C A C B
A B C A C
C C A B C A A
C A C A C A
A C C C C
C A B A C
A B A
(1)
A
C
A C C A
C A A A
C C C A B
MATERIAL
C C A A C C C
C A B B B A
A A A B A
C A A B C
B A A C C
A C C A
B A A A
A A A A B
Ethylenepropylene
(EPDM)
A A A A A A A
B A
C
A C C
C C C C C
B
A C
B
A
A C
A
A
A
C
A C C
C
A C C
A
B
B
A
A
Peruoroelastomer
(FFKM)
A A A A A A A
A A A A A A
A A A A A
A A A A A
A A A A A
A A A A
A A A A
A A A A A
Chemical Compatibility of Elastomers and Metals
Te c h n i c a l
662
Compatibility of Metals
CORROSION INFORMATION
Material
Fluid
Acetaldehyde
  Acetic Acid, Air Free   Acetic Acid, Aerated
Acetic Acid Vapors Acetone
Acetylene Alcohols Aluminum Sulfate Ammonia Ammonium Chloride
Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Phosphate (Mono Basic) Ammonium Sulfate
  Ammonium Sulte
Aniline
Asphalt Beer Benzene (Benzol) Benzoic Acid Boric Acid
Butane Calcium Chloride (Alkaline) Calcium Hypochlorite Carbolic Acid
  Carbon Dioxide, Dry
  Carbon Dioxide, Wet   Carbon Disulde
Carbon Tetrachloride Carbonic Acid
  Chlorine Gas, Dry
  Chlorine Gas, Wet   Chlorine, Liquid
Chromic Acid Citric Acid Coke Oven Gas
Copper Sulfate Cottonseed Oil Creosote Ethane Ether
Ethyl Chloride Ethylene Ethylene Glycol Ferric Chloride Formaldehyde
Formic Acid
  Freon, Wet   Freon, Dry
Furfural
  Gasoline, Rene
A - Recommended B - Minor to moderate effect. Proceed with caution. C - Unsatisfactory IL - Information lacking
Carbon
Steel
A C C C A
A A C A C
A C
C C C
A B A C C
A B
C B A
C A B C A
C C C IL A
C A A A B
C A A C B
IL B B A A
Cast
Iron
A C C C
A
A
A C
A C
C C
C C C
A B
A C C
A B
C B
A
C
A B C
A
C C C C
A
C
A
A
A B
C
A A
C B
C B B
A A
S302
or S304
Stainless
Steel
A
B
A A A
A A A A
B
A A
B
A A
A A A A A
A
C
B
A A
A
A B B B
C C C B
A
B
A
A
A
A
A A A C A
B B A A A
S316
Stainless
Steel
A B A A A
A A A A B
A A
A A A
A A A A A
A B
B A A
A A B B B
C C B A A
B A A A A
A A A
C
A
B A A A A
Bronze Monel
A B A B A
IL A B C B
C B
B C C
A B A A A
A C
B A A
B C A B B
C B C A B
B A C A A
A A A C A
A A A A A
A B A B A
A A B A B
C B
A C B
A A A A A
A A
B A A
A B A A A
C C A B B
C A A A A
A A A C A
A A A A A
®
Hastelloy
B
IL A A IL A
A A A A A
A A
A IL A
A A A IL A
A A
C A A
A A B A A
C C C A A
IL A A A A
A
A IL C A
A A A A A
®
Hastelloy®
Titanium
Durimet®
C
20
A A A A A
A A A A A
A A
A A A
A A A A A
A A
A A A
A A A A A
B A A A A
A A A A A
A A IL B A
A A A A A
A A A B A
A A A A A
A B
A A A
A A A A A
A A
A A A
A A A A A
C B C A A
A A A A A
A A A C A
A A A A A
Cobalt-
Base
Alloy 6
IL A A A A
IL A A A A
A A
A A A
IL A A A A
IL A
A A A
A A A IL C
A C A A A
A A IL A A
A
A IL A A
C A A A A
IL
IL
B
IL
IL
IL
IL IL B
B B B IL
IL
A A A B A
B A A A A
A A A A
A A
A
A A
A A A
A A A
A
A
A A
A A
A
A A A A
S416
Stainless
Steel
A C C C A
A A C A C
C B
C B C
A B A A B
A C
C IL A
A B C A C
C C C B A
A A A A A
B A A C A
C IL IL B A
440C
Stainless
Steel
A C C C A
A A C A C
B B
C B C
A B A A B
A C
C IL A
A B A A C
C C C B A
A A A A A
B
A A
C
A
C IL IL B
A
17-4PH
Stainless
Steel
A B B B A
A A IL IL IL
IL IL
IL IL IL
A A A A IL
A IL
IL IL A
A IL IL A C
C C C B A
A A A A A
IL A A IL A
B IL IL IL A
- continued -
Chemical Compatibility of Elastomers and Metals
663
Te c h n i c a l
Compatibility of Metals (continued)
CORROSION INFORMATION
Material
Fluid
Carbon
Steel
Cast
Iron
S302
or S304
Stainless
Steel
S316
Stainless
Steel
Bronze Monel
Hastelloy
®
®
Hastelloy® CDurimet®
B
Titanium
20
Cobalt-
Base
Alloy 6
S416
Stainless
Steel
440C
Stainless
Steel
17-4PH
Stainless
Steel
Glucose
  Hydrochloric Acid, Aerated   Hydrochloric Acid, Air free   Hydrouoric Acid, Aerated   Hydrouoric Acid, Air free
Hydrogen Hydrogen Peroxide
  Hydrogen Sude, Liquid
Magnesium Hydroxide Mercury
Methanol Methyl Ethyl Ketone Milk Natural Gas Nitric Acid
Oleic Acid Oxalic Acid Oxygen
  Petroleum Oils, Rened   Phosphoric Acid, Aerated
  Phosphoric Acid, Air Free
Phosphoric Acid Vapors Picric Acid Potassium Chloride Potassium Hydroxide
Propane Rosin Silver Nitrate Sodium Acetate Sodium Carbonate
Sodium Chloride Sodium Chromate Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Hypochloride Sodium Thiosulfate
Stannous Chloride Stearic Acid Sulfate Liquor (Black) Sulfur
  Sulfur Dioxide, Dry
  Sulfur Trioxide, Dry
Sufuric Acid (Aerated) Sufuric Acid (Air Free) Sulfurous Acid Tar
Trichloroethylene Turpentine Vinegar
  Water, Boiler Feed   Water, Distilled
  Water, Sea
Whiskey and Wines Zinc Chloride Zinc Sulfate
A - Recommended B - Minor to moderate effect. Proceed with caution. C - Unsatisfactory IL - Information lacking
A
A
C
C
C
C
B
C
A
C
A
A
IL
A
C
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
A
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
A
A
A
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
B
B
B
B
A
A
B
B
C
C
A
A
A
A
C
C
A
A
A
A
C
C
C
C
B
B
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
A
A
B
B
B
B
C
C
B
C
A
A
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
C
A C C C C
A A A A A
A A A A A
A B A A A
A B A A A
A A A B A
B A A C A
C A A A A
A C C B A
B
A A A A
B
A
C
A
A C C B B
A A A A A
A A A A B
A B A A A
A B A A A
A A A A A
B A A C A
A A A A A
A C C B A
A A A A A
B A C A
B-C
A A B
C
A
A A
C
B
A
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
A
A
A
C
A
C
C
B
A
C
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
B
A
B
B
A
A
A
A
C
C
C
B
C
C
C
C
B
B
B
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
B-C
C
C
C
B
B
B
C
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
C
C
B
B
B
C
A
A
A B A A A
A
B C A
A A A A A
A B A A A
A A A A C
A A A A A
A A A A A
A A A A A
A A A C A
A A A A B
B A A A A
A A A A A
A A A A
A B B A A
A B A A A
A A A A B
A A A A A
A
IL
A A A
A A A A A
A A A A A
A A A A A
A A A A A
A A A A A
A A A A
A
A
A
C
C
C
C
B
C
B
C
A
A
A
A
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
IL
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
A
A
A
A
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
IL
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
IL
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
A
B
A
A
A
A
A
A A A A A
A A A A
A
A
A
IL
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
A
A
A
B
C
B
C
B
C
IL
C
A
A
IL
B
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
C
C
A
A
B
B
A
A
A
A
A
C
A
C
C
C
IL
B
IL
C
IL
B
A
A
A
A
B
B
A
A
A
B
A
B
A
A
A
B
IL
C
IL
B
IL
C
B
B
A
IL
A
A
A
B
A
B
B
C
B
C
B
C
A
A
B A C B B
C C C B
A C C C C
A B C A A
B A C A C
A B A A C
C C B C B
A A B A B
B A B C B
C B IL A B
B C C C A
B
A
C
A
B
C C C B
A C C C IL
A IL IL IL B
A A C A B
IL IL A A IL
IL IL IL IL IL
A A IL A A
B A A IL IL
IL IL IL A IL
IL C C IL A
IL A A A IL
A IL IL IL

Regulator Tips

664
Te c h n i c a l
1. All regulators should be installed and used in accordance with federal, state, and local codes and regulations.
2. Adequate overpressure protection should be installed to protect the regulator from overpressure. Adequate overpressure protection should also be installed to protect all downstream equipment in the event of regulator failure.
3. Downstream pressures signicantly higher than the regulator's
pressure setting may damage soft seats and other internal parts.
4. If two or more available springs have published pressure ranges that include the desired pressure setting, use the spring with the lower range for better accuracy.
5. The recommended selection for orice diameters is the smallest orice that will handle the ow.
6. Most regulators shown in this application guide are generally suitable for temperatures to 180°F (82°C). With high
temperature uoroelastomers (if available), the regulators can be used for temperatures to 300°F (149°C). Check
the temperature capabilities to determine materials and temperature ranges available. Use stainless steel diaphragms and seats for higher temperatures, such as steam service.
7. The full advertised range of a spring can be utilized without
sacricing performance or spring life.
8. Regulator body size should not be larger than the pipe size. In many cases, the regulator body is one size smaller than the pipe size.
9. Do not oversize regulators. Pick the smallest orice size or
regulator that will work. Keep in mind when sizing a station that most restricted trims that do not reduce the main port size
do not help with improved low ow control.
10. Speed of regulator response, in order:
• Direct-operated
• Two-path pilot-operated
• Unloading pilot-operated
• Control valve
Note: Although direct-operated regulators give the fastest response, all types provide quick response.
11. When a regulator appears unable to pass the published
ow rate, be sure to check the inlet pressure measured at
the regulator body inlet connection. Piping up to and away
from regulators can cause signicant owing pressure losses.
12. When adjusting setpoint, the regulator should be owing at least ve percent of the normal operating ow.
13. Direct-operated regulators generally have faster response to quick ow changes than pilot-operated regulators.
14. Droop is the reduction of outlet pressure experienced by
pressure-reducing regulators as the ow rate increases. It is
stated as a percent, in inches of water column (mbar) or in pounds per square inch (bar) and indicates the difference
between the outlet pressure setting made at low ow rates
and the actual outlet pressure at the published maximum
ow rate. Droop is also called offset or proportional band.
15. Downstream pressure always changes to some extent when inlet pressure changes.
16. Most soft-seated regulators will maintain the pressure within
reasonable limits down to zero ow. Therefore, a regulator sized for a high ow rate will usually have a turndown ratio sufcient to handle pilot-light loads during off cycles.
17. Do not undersize the monitor set. It is important to realize that the monitor regulator, even though it is wide-open,
will require pressure drop for ow. Using two identical
regulators in a monitor set will yield approximately 70 percent of the capacity of a single regulator.
18. Diaphragms leak a small amount due to migration of gas through the diaphragm material. To allow escape of this gas, be sure casing vents (where provided) remain open.
19. Use control lines of equal or greater size than the control tap on the regulator. If a long control line is required, make it bigger. A rule of thumb is to use the next nominal pipe size for every 20 feet (6,1 m) of control line. Small control lines cause a delayed response of the regulator, leading
to increased chance of instability. 3/8-inch (9,5 mm) OD
tubing is the minimum recommended control line size.
20. For every 15 psid (1,0 bar d) pressure differential across the regulator, expect approximately a one degree drop in gas temperature due to the natural refrigeration effect. Freezing is often a problem when the ambient
temperature is between 30° and 45°F (-1° and 7°C).
21. A disk with a cookie cut appearance probably means you had an overpressure situation. Thus, investigate further.
22. When using relief valves, be sure to remember that the reseat point is lower than the start-to-bubble point. To avoid seepage, keep the relief valve setpoint far enough above the regulator setpoint.
Regulator Tips
665
Te c h n i c a l
23. Vents should be pointed down to help avoid the accumulation
of water condensation or other materials in the spring case.
24. Make control line connections in a straight run of pipe about 10 pipe diameters downstream of any area of turbulence, such as elbows, pipe swages, or block valves.
25. When installing a working monitor station, get as much volume between the two regulators as possible. This will give the upstream regulator more room to control intermediate pressure.
26. Cutting the supply pressure to a pilot-operated regulator reduces the regulator gain or sensitivity and, thus, may improve regulator stability. (This can only be used with two path control.)
27. Regulators with high ows and large pressure drops generate
noise. Noise can wear parts which can cause failure and/or inaccurate control. Keep regulator noise below 110 dBA.
28. Do not place control lines immediately downstream of rotary or turbine meters.
29. Keep vents open. Do not use small diameter, long vent lines. Use the rule of thumb of the next nominal pipe size every
10 feet (3,1 m) of vent line and 3 feet (0,9 m) of vent line
for every elbow in the line.
30. Fixed factor measurement (or PFM) requires the regulator
to maintain outlet pressure within ±1% of absolute pressure. For example: Setpoint of 2 psig + 14.7 psia = 16.7 psia x
0.01 = ±0.167 psi. (Setpoint of 0,14 bar + 1,01 bar = 1,15 bar x 0,01 = ±0,0115 bar.)
31. Regulating Cg (coefcient of ow) can only be used for calculating ow capacities on pilot-operated regulators. Use capacity tables or ow charts for determining a direct-
operated regulator’s capacity.
32. Do not make the setpoints of the regulator/monitor too close
together. The monitor can try to take over if the setpoints are too close, causing instability and reduction of capacity. Set them at least one proportional band apart.
33. Consider a butt-weld end regulator where available to lower costs and minimize ange leakages.
34. Do not use needle valves in control lines; use full-open
valves. Needle valves can cause instability.
35. Burying regulators is not recommended. However, if you
must, the vent should be protected from ground moisture and plugging.
666
Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Pressure Equivalents
TO
OBTAIN
BY
MULTIPLY NUMBER OF
Kg per square cm 1 14.22 0.9678 0,98067 28.96 98,067 394.05 32.84
Pounds per square inch 0,07031 1 0.06804 0,06895 2.036 6,895 27.7 2.309
Atmosphere 1,0332 14.696 1 1,01325 29.92 101,325 407.14 33.93
Bar 1,01972 14.5038 0.98692 1 29.53 100 402.156 33.513
Inches of Mercury 0,03453 0.4912 0.03342 0,033864 1 3,3864 13.61 1.134
Kilopascals 0,0101972 0.145038 0.0098696 0,01 0.2953 1 4.02156 0.33513
Inches of Water 0,002538 0.0361 0.002456 0,00249 0.07349 0,249 1 0.0833
Feet of Water 0,3045 0.4332 0.02947 0,029839 0.8819 2,9839 12 1
1 ounce per square inch = 0.0625 pounds per square inch
KG PER
SQUARE
CENTIMETER
POUNDS PER
SQUARE INCH
ATMOSPHERE BAR
INCHES OF
MERCURY
KILOPASCALS
INCHES OF
WATER COLUMN
FEET OF
WATER COLUMN
0,414 1,103 1,793 2,482
3,172 3,861 4,551 5,240
5,929 6,619 7,308
(1)
0,482 1,172 1,862 2,551
3,241 3,930 4,619 5,309
5,998 6,688 7,377
0,552 1,241 1,931 2,620
3,309 3,999 4,688 5,378
6,067 6,757 7,446
0,621 1,310 1,999 2,689
3,378 4,068 4,758 5,447
6,136 6,826 7,515
Pressure Conversion - Pounds per Square Inch to Bar
POUNDS PER
SQUARE INCH
0 10 20 30
40 50 60 70
80 90
100
  1.  To convert to kilopascals, move decimal point two positions to the right; to convert to megapascals, move decimal point one position to the left.        *Note: Round off decimal points to provide no more than the desired degree of accuracy.                   To use this table, see the shaded example.                     25 psig (20 from the left column plus ve from the top row) = 1,724 bar 
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Bar
0,000 0,689 1,379 2,068
2,758 3,447 4,137 4,826
5,516 6,205 6,895
0,069 0,758 1,448 2,137
2,827 3,516 4,275 4,964
5,585 6,274 6,964
0,138 0,827 1,517 2,206
2,896 3,585 4,275 4,964
5,654 6,343 7,033
0,207 0,896 1,586 2,275
2,965 3,654 4,344 5,033
5,723 6,412 7,102
0,276 0,965 1,655 2,344
3,034 3,723 4,413 5,102
5,792 6,481 7,171
0,345 1,034
1,724*
2,413
3,103 3,792 4,482 5,171
5,861 6,550 7,239
Volume Equivalents
TO
OBTAIN
CUBIC
BY
MULTIPLY NUMBER OF
Cubic Decimeters (Liters) 1 61.0234 0.03531 1.05668 0.264178 0,220083 0.00629
Cubic Inches 0,01639 1 5.787 x 10
Cubic Feet 28,317 1728 1 29.9221 7.48055 6,22888 0.1781
U.S. Quart 0,94636 57.75 0.03342 1 0.25 0,2082 0.00595
U.S. Gallon 3,78543 231 0.13368 4 1 0,833 0.02381
Imperial Gallon 4,54374 277.274 0.16054 4.80128 1.20032 1 0.02877
U.S. Barrel (Petroleum) 158,98 9702 5.6146 168 42 34,973 1
  1 cubic meter = 1,000,000 cubic centimeters
1 liter = 1000 milliliters = 1000 cubic centimeters
DECIMETERS
(LITERS)
CUBIC INCHES CUBIC FEET U.S. QUART U.S. GALLON IMPERIAL GALLON
-4
1.01732 0.004329 0,003606 0.000103
U.S. BARREL
(PETROLEUM)
667
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Volume Rate Equivalents
TO
OBTAIN
BY
MULTIPLY NUMBER OF
Liters per Minute 1 0,06 2.1189 60 0.264178 9.057
Cubic Meters per Hour 16,667 1 35.314 1000 4.403 151
Cubic Feet per Hour 0,4719 0,028317 1 28.317 0.1247 4.2746
Liters per Hour 0,016667 0,001 0.035314 1 0.004403 0.151
U.S. Gallons per Minute 3,785 0,2273 8.0208 227.3 1 34.28
U.S. Barrels per Day 0,1104 0,006624 0.23394 6.624 0.02917 1
LITERS
PER MINUTE
CUBIC METERS
PER HOUR
CUBIC FEET
PER HOUR
LITERS
PER HOUR
U.S. GALLONS
PER MINUTE
U.S. BARRELS
PER DAY
Mass Conversion - Pounds to Kilograms
POUNDS
  1 pound = 0,4536 kilograms   *NOTE: To use this table, see the shaded example.                  25 pounds (20 from the left column plus ve from the top row) = 11,34 kilograms
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Kilograms
0
0,00
0,45
0,91
1,36
1,81
2,27
10
4,54
20
9,07
30
13,61
40
18,14
50
22,68
60
27,22
70
31,75
809036,29
40,82
4,99 9,53
14,06
18,60 23,13 27,67 32,21
36,74 41,28
5,44 9,98
14,52
19,05 23,59 28,12 32,66
37,20 41,73
5,90 10,43 14,97
19,50 24,04 28,58 33,11
37,65 42,18
6,35 10,89 15,42
19,96 24,49 29,03 33,57
38,10 42,64
6,80
11,34*
15,88
20,41 24,95 29,48 34,02
38,56 43,09
2,72
7,26 11,79 16,33
20,87 25,40 29,94 34,47
39,01 43,55
3,18
7,71 12,25 16,78
21,32 25,86 30,39 34,93
39,46 44,00
3,63
8,16 12,70 17,24
21,77 26,31 30,84 35,38
39,92 44,45
4,08
8,62 13,15 17,69
22,23 26,76 31,30 35,83
40,37 44,91
Temperature Conversion Formulas
TO CONVERT FROM TO SUBSTITUTE IN FORMULA
Degrees Celsius Degrees Fahrenheit (°C x 9/5) + 32
Degrees Celsius Kelvin (°C + 273.16)
Degrees Fahrenheit Degrees Celsius (°F - 32) x 5/9
Degrees Fahrenheit Degrees Rankine (°F + 459.69)
Area Equivalents
TO
OBTAIN
BY
MULTIPLY NUMBER OF
Square Meters 1 1549.99 10.7639 3.861 x 10
Square Inches 0,0006452 1 6.944 x 10-32.491 x 10
Square Feet 0,0929 144 1 3.587 x 10-89,29 x 10
Square Miles 2 589 999 - - - - 27,878,400 1 2,59
Square Kilometers 1 000 000 - - - - 10,763,867 0.3861 1
1 square meter = 10 000 square centimeters
  1 square millimeter = 0,01 square centimeter = 0.00155 square inches
SQUARE METERS
SQUARE
INCHES
SQUARE
FEET
SQUARE
MILES
SQUARE
KILOMETERS
-7
-10
6,452 x 10
1 x 10
Kinematic-Viscosity Conversion Formulas
VISCOSITY SCALE RANGE OF t, SEC
Saybolt Universal 32 < t < 100 t > 100
Saybolt Furol 25 < t < 40 t > 40
Redwood No. 1 34 < t < 100 t > 100
Redwood Admiralty - - - - 0.027t - 20/t
Engler - - - - 0.00147t - 3.74/t
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY,
STROKES
0.00226t - 1.95/t
0.00220t - 1.35/t
0.0224t - 1.84/t
0.0216t - 0.60/t
0.00226t - 1.79/t
0.00247t - 0.50/t
-6
-10
-8
668
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Conversion Units
MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN
Volume
Cubic centimeter 0.06103 Cubic inches
Cubic feet 7.4805 Gallons (US)
Cubic feet 28.316 Liters
Cubic feet 1728 Cubic inches
Gallons (US) 0.1337 Cubic feet
Gallons (US) 3.785 Liters
Gallons (US) 231 Cubic inches
Liters 1.057 Quarts (US)
Liters 2.113 Pints (US)
Miscellaneous
BTU 0.252 Calories
Decitherm 10,000 BTU
Kilogram 2.205 Pounds
Kilowatt Hour 3412 BTU
Ounces 28.35 Grams
Pounds 0.4536 Kilograms
Pounds 453.5924 Grams
Pounds 21,591 LPG BTU
Therm 100,000 BTU
API Bbls 42 Gallons (US)
Gallons of Propane 26.9 KWH
HP 746 KWH
HP (Steam) 42,418 BTU
Pressure
Grams per square centimeter 0.0142 Pounds per square inch
Inches of mercury 0.4912 Pounds per square inch
Inches of mercury 1.133 Feet of water
Inches of water 0.0361 Pounds per square inch
Inches of water 0.0735 Inches of mercury
Inches of water 0.5781 Ounces per square inch
Inches of water 5.204 Pounds per foot
kPa 100 Bar
Kilograms per square centimeter 14.22 Pounds per square inch
Kilograms per square meter 0.2048 Pounds per square foot
Pounds per square inch 0.06804 Atmospheres
Pounds per square inch 0.07031 Kilograms per square centimeter
Pounds per square inch 0.145 KPa
Pounds per square inch 2.036 Inches of mercury
Pounds per square inch 2.307 Feet of water
Pounds per square inch 14.5 Bar
Pounds per square inch 27.67 Inches of water
Length
Centimeters 0.3937 Inches
Feet 0.3048 Meters
Feet 30.48 Centimeters
Feet 304.8 Millimeters
Inches 2.540 Centimeters
Inches 25.40 Millimeters
Kilometer 0.6214 Miles
Meters 1.094 Yards
Meters 3.281 Feet
Meters 39.37 Inches
Miles (nautical) 1853 Meters
Miles (statute) 1609 Meters
Yards 0.9144 Meters
Yards 91.44 Centimeters
Other Useful Conversions
TO CONVERT FROM TO MULTIPLY BY
Cubic feet of methane BTU 1000 (approximate)
Cubic feet of water Pounds of water 62.4
Degrees Radians 0,01745
Gallons Pounds of water 8.336
Grams Ounces 0.0352
Horsepower (mechanical) Foot pounds per minute 33,000
Horsepower (electrical) Watts 746
Kg Pounds 2.205
Kg per cubic meter Pounds per cubic feet 0.06243
Kilowatts Horsepower 1.341
Pounds Kg 0,4536
Pounds of Air
(14.7 psia and 60°F)
Pounds per cubic feet Kg per cubic meter 16,0184
Pounds per hour (gas) SCFH 13.1 ÷ Specic Gravity
Pounds per hour (water) Gallons per minute 0.002
Pounds per second (gas) SCFH 46,160 ÷ Specic Gravity
Radians Degrees 57.3
SCFH Air SCFH Propane 0.81
SCFH Air SCFH Butane 0.71
SCFH Air SCFH 0.6 Natural Gas 1.29
SCFH Cubic meters per hour 0.028317
Cubic feet of air 13.1
Converting Volumes of Gas
CFH TO CFH OR CFM TO CFM
Multiply Flow of By To Obtain Flow of
0.707 Butane
Air
Butane
Natural Gas
Propane
1.290 Natural Gas
0.808 Propane
1.414 Air
1.826 Natural Gas
1.140 Propane
0.775 Air
0.547 Butane
0.625 Propane
1.237 Air
0.874 Butane
1.598 Natural Gas
669
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Fractional Inches to Millimeters
INCH
0 1 2 3
4 5 6 7
8 9
10
  1-inch = 25,4 millimeters   NOTE: To use this table, see the shaded example.               2-1/2-inches (2 from the left column plus 1/2 from the top row) = 63,5 millimeters
MULTIPLY NUMBER OF
  1 meter = 100 cm = 1000 mm = 0,001 km = 1,000,000 micrometers
0 1/16 1/8 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 11/16 3/4 13/16 7/8 15/16
0,0 25,4 50,8 76,2
101,6 127,0 152,4 177,8
203,2 228,6 254,0
1,6 27,0 52,4 77,8
103,2 128,6 154,0 179,4
204,8 230,2 255,6
3,2 28,6 54,0 79,4
104,8 130,2 155,6 181,0
206,4 231,8 257,2
4,8 30,2 55,6 81,0
106,4 131,8 157,2 182,6
208,0 233,4 258,8
6,4 31,8 57,2 82,6
108,0 133,4 158,8 184,2
209,6 235,0 260,4
7,9 33,3 58,7 84,1
109,5 134,9 160,3 185,7
211,1 236,5 261,9
9,5 34,9 60,3 85,7
111,1 136,5 161,9 187,3
212,7 238,1 263,5
11,1 36,5 61,9 87,3
112,7 138,1 163,5 188,9
214,3 239,7 265,1
mm
12,7 38,1 63,5 88,9
114,3 139,7 165,1 190,5
215,9 241,3 266,7
14,3 39,7 65,1 90,5
115,9 141,3 166,7 192,1
217,5 242,9 268,3
15,9 41,3 66,7 92,1
117,5 142,9 168,3 193,7
219,1 244,5 269,9
17,5 42,9 68,3 93,7
119,1 144,5 169,9 195,3
220,7 246,1 271,5
19,1 44,5 69,9 95,3
120,7 146,1 171,5 196,9
222,3 247,7 273,1
20,6 46,0 71,4 96,8
122,2 147,6 173,0 198,4
223,8 249,2 274,6
Length Equivalents
TO
OBTAIN
BY
Meters 1 39.37 3.2808 1000 0.0006214 0,001
Inches 0,0254 1 0.0833 25,4 0.00001578 0,0000254
Feet 0,3048 12 1 304,8 0.0001894 0,0003048
Millimeters 0,001 0.03937 0.0032808 1 0.0000006214 0,000001
Miles 1609,35 63,360 5,280 1 609 350 1 1,60935
Kilometers 1000 39,370 3280.83 1 000 000 0.62137 1
METERS INCHES FEET MILLIMETERS MILES KILOMETERS
22,2 47,6 73,0 98,4
123,8 149,2 174,6 200,0
225,4 250,8 276,2
23,8 49,2 74,6
100,0 125,4
150,8 176,2 201,6
227,0 252,4 277,8
Whole Inch-Millimeter Equivalents
INCH
0 0,00 25,4 50,8 76,2 101,6 127,0 152,4 177,8 203,2 228,6 10 254,0 279,4 304,8 330,2 355,6 381,0 406,4 431,8 457,2 482,6 20 508,0 533,4 558,8 584,2 609,6 635,0 660,4 685,8 711,2 736,6 30 762,0 787,4 812,8 838,2 863,6 889,0 914,4 939,8 965,2 990,6
40 1016,0 1041,4 1066,8 1092,2 1117,6 1143,0 1168,4 1193,8 1219,2 1244,6
50 1270,0 1295,4 1320,8 1346,2 1371,6 1397,0 1422,4 1447,8 1473,2 1498,6
60 1524,0 1549,4 1574,8 1600,2 1625,6 1651,0 1676,4 1701,8 1727,2 1752,6 70 1778,0 1803,4 1828,8 1854,2 1879,6 1905,0 1930,4 1955,8 1981,2 2006,6 80 2032,0 2057,4 2082,8 2108,2 2133,6 2159,0 2184,4 2209,8 2235,2 2260,6 90 2286,0 2311,4 2336,8 2362,2 2387,6 2413,0 2438,4 2463,8 2489,2 2514,6
100 2540,0 2565,4 2590,8 2616,2 2641,6 2667,0 2692,4 2717,8 2743,2 2768,6
  Note: All values in this table are exact, based on the relation 1-inch = 25,4 mm.            To use this table, see the shaded example.            25-inches (20 from the left column plus ve from the top row) = 635 millimeters
MULTIPLICATION FACTOR PREFIX SYMBOL
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10
1 000 000 000 000 000 = 10
0.000 000 000 000 001 = 10
0.000 000 000 000 000 001 = 10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Metric Prexes and Symbols
1 000 000 000 000 = 10
1 000 000 000 = 10
1 000 000 = 10
1 000 = 10
100 = 10
10 = 10
0.1 = 10
0.01 = 10
0.001 = 10
0.000 01 = 10
0.000 000 001 = 10
0.000 000 000 001 = 10
18
15
12
9
6
3
2
1
-1
-2
-3
-6
-9
-12
-15
-18
exa
peta
tera
giga
mega
kilo
hecto
deka
deci
centi
milli
micro
nano
pico
femto
atto
E P T G
M
k h
da
d
c m m
n
p
f
a
mm
Greek Alphabet
LOWER
CASE
GREEK
NAME
CAPS
Α α Alpha Ι ι Iota Ρ ρ Rho
Β β Beta Κ κ Kappa Σ σ Sigma
Γ γ Gamma Λ λ Lambda Τ τ Tau
Δ δ Delta Μ μ Mu Υ υ Upsilon
Ε ε Epsilon Ν ν Nu Φ φ Phi
Ζ ζ Zeta Ξ ξ Xi Χ χ Chi
Η η Eta Ο ο Omicron Ψ ψ Psi
Θ θ Theta Π π Pi Ω ω Omega
CAPS
LOWER
CASE
GREEK
NAME
CAPS
LOWER
CASE
GREEK
NAME
670
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Length Equivalents - Fractional and Decimal Inches to Millimeters
INCHES
Fractions Decimals Fractions Decimals Fractions Decimals Fractions Decimals
0.00394 0.1 0.23 5.842 1/2 0.50 12.7 0.77 19.558
0.00787 0.2 15/64 0.234375 5.9531 0.51 12.954 0.78 19.812
0.01 0.254 0.23622 6.0 0.51181 13.0 25/32 0.78125 19.8438
0.01181 0.3 0.24 6.096 33/64 0.515625 13.0969 0.78740 20.0
1/64 0.015625 0.3969 1/4 0.25 6.35 0.52 13.208 0.79 20.066
0.01575 0.4 0.26 6.604 0.53 13.462 51/64 0.796875 20.2406
0.01969 0.5 17/64 0.265625 6.7469 17/32 0.53125 13.4938 0.80 20.320
0.02 0.508 0.27 6.858 0.54 13.716 0.81 20.574
0.02362 0.6 0.27559 7.0 35/64 0.546875 13.8906 13/64 0.8125 20.6375
0.02756 0.7 0.28 7.112 0.55 13.970 0.82 20.828
0.03 0.762 9/32 0.28125 7.1438 0.55118 14.0 0.82677 21.0
1/32 0.03125 0.7938 0.29 7.366 0.56 14.224 53/64 0.828125 21.0344
0.0315 0.8 19/64 0.296875 7.5406 9/16 0.5625 14.2875 0.83 21.082
0.13543 0.9 0.30 7.62 0.57 14.478 0.84 21.336
0.03937 1.0 0.31 7.874 37/64 0.578125 14.6844 27/32 0.84375 21.4312
0.04 1.016 5/16 0.3125 7.9375 0.58 14.732 0.85 21.590
3/64 0.046875 1.1906 0.31496 8.0 0.59 14.986 55/64 0.859375 21.8281
0.05 1.27 0.32 8.128 0.5905 15.0 0.86 21.844
0.06 1.524 21/64 0.328125 8.3344 19/32 0.59375 15.0812 0.86614 22.0
1/16 0.0625 1.5875 0.33 8.382 0.60 15.24 0.87 22.098
0.07 1.778 0.34 8.636 39/64 0.609375 15.4781 7/8 0.875 22.225
5/64 0.078125 1.9844 11/32 0.34375 8.7312 0.61 15.494 0.88 22.352
0.07874 2.0 0.35 8.89 0.62 15.748 0.89 22.606
0.08 2.032 0.35433 9.0 5/8 0.625 15.875 57/64 0.890625 22.6219
0.09 2.286 23/64 0.359375 9.1281 0.62992 16.0 0.90 22.860
3/32 0.09375 2.3812 0.36 9.144 0.63 16.002 0.90551 23.0
0.1 2.54 0.37 9.398 0.64 16.256 29/32 0.90625 23.0188
7/64 0.109375 2.7781 3/8 0.375 9.525 41/64 0.640625 16.2719 0.91 23.114
0.11 2.794 0.38 9.652 0.65 16.510 0.92 23.368
0.11811 3.0 0.39 9.906 21/32 0.65625 16.6688 59/64 0.921875 23.1456
0.12 3.048 25/64 0.390625 9.9219 0.66 16.764 0.93 23.622
1/8 0.125 3.175 0.39370 10.0 0.66929 17.0 15/16 0.9375 23.8125
0.13 3.302 0.40 10.16 0.67 17.018 0.94 23.876
0.14 3.556 13/32 0.40625 10.3188 43/64 0.671875 17.0656 0.94488 24.0
9/64 0.140625 3.5719 0.41 10.414 0.68 17.272 0.95 24.130
0.15 3.810 0.42 10.668 11/16 0.6875 17.4625 61/64 0.953125 24.2094
5/32 0.15625 3.9688 27/64 0.421875 10.7156 0.69 17.526 0.96 24.384
0.15748 4.0 0.43 10.922 0.70 17.78 31/32 0.96875 24.6062
0.16 4.064 0.43307 11.0 45/64 0.703125 17.8594 0.97 24.638
0.17 4.318 7/16 0.4375 11.1125 0.70866 18.0 0.98 24.892
11/64 0.171875 4.3656 0.44 11.176 0.71 18.034 0.98425 25.0
0.18 4.572 0.45 11.430 23/32 0.71875 18.2562 63/64 0.984375 25.0031
3/16 0.1875 4.7625 29/64 0.453125 11.5094 0.72 18.288 0.99 25.146
0.19 4.826 0.46 11.684 0.73 18.542 1 1.00000 25.4000
0.19685 5.0 15/32 0.46875 11.9062 47/64 0.734375 18.6531
0.2 5.08 0.47 11.938 0.74 18.796
13/64 0.203125 5.1594 0.47244 12.0 0.74803 19.0
0.21 5.334 0.48 12.192 3/4 0.75 19.050
7/32 0.21875 5.5562 31/64 0.484375 12.3031 0.76 19.304
0.22 5.588 0.49 12.446 49/64 0.765625 19.4469
  Note: Round off decimal points to provide no more than the desired degree of accuracy. 
mm
INCHES
mm
INCHES
mm
INCHES
mm
671
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Temperature Conversions
TEMP. IN °C
°C
OR °F TO BE
CONVERTED
-273,16 -460 -796 -90,00 -130 -202.0 -17,8 0 32.0 21,1 70 158.0
-267,78 -450 -778 -84,44 -120 -184.0 -16,7 2 35.6 22,2 72 161.6
-262,22 -440 -760 -78,89 -110 -166.0 -15,6 4 39.2 23,3 74 165.2
-256,67 -430 -742 -73,33 -100 -148.0 -14,4 6 42.8 24,4 76 168.8
-251,11 -420 -724 -70,56 -95 -139.0 -13,3 8 46.4 25,6 78 172.4
-245,56 -410 -706 -67,78 -90 -130.0 -12,2 10 50.0 26,7 80 176.0
-240,00 -400 -688 -65,00 -85 -121.0 -11,1 12 53.6 27,8 82 179.6
-234,44 -390 -670 -62,22 -80 -112.0 -10,0 14 57.2 28,9 84 183.2
-228,89 -380 -652 -59,45 -75 -103.0 -8,89 16 60.8 30,0 86 186.8
-223,33 -370 -634 -56,67 -70 -94.0 -7,78 18 64.4 31,1 88 190.4
-217,78 -360 -616 -53,89 -65 -85 -6,67 20 68.0 32,2 90 194.0
-212,22 -350 -598 -51,11 -60 -76.0 -5,56 22 71.6 33,3 92 197.6
-206,67 -340 -580 -48,34 -55 -67.0 -4,44 24 75.2 34,4 94 201.2
-201,11 -330 -562 -45,56 -50 -58.0 -3,33 26 78.8 35,6 96 204.8
-195,56 -320 -544 -42,78 -45 -49.0 -2,22 28 82.4 36,7 98 208.4
°F °C
TEMP. IN °C
OR °F TO BE
CONVERTED
°F °C
TEMP. IN °C
OR °F TO BE
CONVERTED
°F °C
TEMP. IN °C
OR °F TO BE
CONVERTED
°F
-190,00 -310 -526 -40,00 -40 -40.0 -1,11 30 86.0 37,8 100 212.0
-184,44 -300 -508 -38,89 -38 -36.4 0 32 89.6 43,3 110 230.0
-178,89 -290 -490 -37,78 -36 -32.8 1,11 34 93.2 48,9 120 248.0
-173,33 -280 -472 -36,67 -34 -29.2 2,22 36 96.8 54,4 130 266.0
-169,53 -273 -459.4 -35,56 -32 -25.6 3,33 38 100.4 60,0 140 284.0
-168,89 -272 -457.6 -34,44 -30 -22.0 4,44 40 104.0 65,6 150 302.0
-167,78 -270 -454.0 -33,33 -28 -18.4 5,56 42 107.6 71,1 160 320.0
-162,22 -260 -436.0 -32,22 -26 -14.8 6,67 44 111.2 76,7 170 338.0
-156,67 -250 -418.0 -31,11 -24 -11.2 7,78 46 114.8 82,2 180 356.0
-151,11 -240 -400.0 -30,00 -22 -7.6 8,89 48 118.4 87,8 190 374.0
-145,56 -230 -382.0 -28,89 -20 -4.0 10,0 50 122.0 93,3 200 392.0
-140,00 -220 -364.0 -27,78 -18 -0.4 11,1 52 125.6 98,9 210 410.0
-134,44 -210 -356.0 -26,67 -16 3.2 12,2 54 129.2 104,4 220 428.0
-128,89 -200 -328.0 -25,56 -14 6.8 13,3 56 132.8 110,0 230 446.0
-123,33 -190 -310.0 -24,44 -12 10.4 14,4 58 136.4 115,6 240 464.0
-117,78 -180 -292.0 -23,33 -10 14.0 15,6 60 140.0 121,1 250 482.0
-112,22 -170 -274.0 -22,22 -8 17.6 16,7 62 143.6 126,7 260 500.0
-106,67 -160 -256.0 -21,11 -6 21.2 17,8 64 147.2 132,2 270 518.0
-101,11 -150 -238.0 -20,00 -4 24.8 18,9 66 150.8 137,8 280 536.0
-95,56 -140 -220.0 -18,89 -2 28.4 20,0 68 154.4 143,3 290 665.0
-continued-
672
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Temperature Conversions (continued)
°C
21,1 70 158.0 204,4 400 752.0 454,0 850 1562.0
22,2 72 161.6 210,0 410 770.0 460,0 860 1580.0
23,3 74 165.2 215,6 420 788.0 465,6 870 1598.0
24,4 76 168.8 221,1 430 806.0 471,1 880 1616.0
25,6 78 172.4 226,7 440 824.0 476,7 890 1634.0
26,7 80 176.0 232,2 450 842.0 482,2 900 1652.0
27,8 82 179.6 237,8 460 860.0 487,8 910 1670.0
28,9 84 183.2 243,3 470 878.0 493,3 920 1688.0
30,0 86 186.8 248,9 480 896.0 498,9 930 1706.0
31,1 88 190.4 254,4 490 914.0 504,4 940 1724.0
32,2 90 194.0 260,0 500 932.0 510,0 950 1742.0
33,3 92 197.6 265,6 510 950.0 515,6 960 1760.0
34,4 94 201.2 271,1 520 968.0 521,1 970 1778.0
35,6 96 204.8 276,7 530 986.0 526,7 980 1796.0
36,7 98 208.4 282,2 540 1004.0 532,2 990 1814.0
TEMP. IN °C
OR °F TO BE
CONVERTED
°F °C
TEMP. IN °C
OR °F TO BE
CONVERTED
°F °C
TEMP. IN °C
OR °F TO BE
CONVERTED
°F
37,8 100 212.0 287,8 550 1022.0 537,8 1000 1832.0
43,3 110 230.0 293,3 560 1040.0 543,3 1010 1850.0
48,9 120 248.0 298,9 570 1058.0 548,9 1020 1868.0
54,4 130 266.0 304,4 580 1076.0 554,4 1030 1886.0
60,0 140 284.0 310,0 590 1094.0 560,0 1040 1904.0
65,6 150 302.0 315,6 600 1112.0 565,6 1050 1922.0
71,1 160 320.0 321,1 610 1130.0 571,1 1060 1940.0
76,7 170 338.0 326,7 620 1148.0 576,7 1070 1958.0
82,2 180 356.0 332,2 630 1166.0 582,2 1080 1976.0
87,8 190 374.0 337,8 640 1184.0 587,8 1090 1994.0
93,3 200 392.0 343,3 650 1202.0 593,3 1100 2012.0
98,9 210 410.0 348,9 660 1220.0 598,9 1110 2030.0
104,4 220 428.0 354,4 670 1238.0 604,4 1120 2048.0
110,0 230 446.0 360,0 680 1256.0 610,0 1130 2066.0
115,6 240 464.0 365,6 690 1274.0 615,6 1140 2084.0
121,1 250 482.0 371,1 700 1292.0 621,1 1150 2102.0
126,7 260 500.0 376,7 710 1310.0 626,7 1160 2120.0
132,2 270 518.0 382,2 720 1328.0 632,2 1170 2138.0
137,8 280 536.0 287,8 730 1346.0 637,8 1180 2156.0
143,3 290 665.0 393,3 740 1364.0 643,3 1190 2174.0
-continued-
673
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Temperature Conversions (continued)
TEMP. IN °C
°C
OR °F TO BE
CONVERTED
148,9 300 572.0 315,6 600 1112.0 482,2 900 1652.0 648,9 1200 2192.0
154,4 310 590.0 321,1 610 1130.0 487,8 910 1670.0 654,4 1210 2210.0
160,0 320 608.0 326,7 620 1148.0 493,3 920 1688.0 660,0 1220 2228.0
165,6 330 626.0 332,2 630 1166.0 498,9 930 1706.0 665,6 1230 2246.0
171,1 340 644.0 337,8 640 1184.0 504,4 940 1724.0 671,1 1240 2264.0
176,7 350 662.0 343,3 650 1202.0 510,0 950 1742.0 676,7 1250 2282.0
182,2 360 680.0 348,9 660 1220.0 515,6 960 1760.0 682,2 1260 2300.0
187,8 370 698.0 354,4 670 1238.0 521,1 970 1778.0 687,8 1270 2318.0
189,9 380 716.0 360,0 680 1256.0 526,7 980 1796.0 693,3 1280 2336.0
193,3 390 734.0 365,6 690 1274.0 532,2 990 1814.0 698,9 1290 2354.0
204,4 400 752.0 371,1 700 1292.0 537,8 1000 1832.0 704,4 1300 2372.0
210,0 410 770.0 376,7 710 1310.0 543,3 1010 1850.0 710,0 1310 2390.0
215,6 420 788.0 382,2 720 1328.0 548,9 1020 1868.0 715,6 1320 2408.0
221,1 430 806.0 287,8 730 1346.0 554,4 1030 1886.0 721,1 1330 2426.0
226,7 440 824.0 393,3 740 1364.0 560,0 1040 1904.0 726,7 1340 2444.0
°F °C
TEMP. IN °C
OR °F TO BE
CONVERTED
°F °C
TEMP. IN °C
OR °F TO BE
CONVERTED
°F °C
TEMP. IN °C
OR °F TO BE
CONVERTED
°F
232,2 450 842.0 398,9 750 1382.0 565,6 1050 1922.0 732,2 1350 2462.0
237,8 460 860.0 404,4 760 1400.0 571,1 1060 1940.0 737,8 1360 2480.0
243,3 470 878.0 410,0 770 1418.0 576,7 1070 1958.0 743,3 1370 2498.0
248,9 480 896.0 415,6 780 1436.0 582,2 1080 1976.0 748,9 1380 2516.0
254,4 490 914.0 421,1 790 1454.0 587,8 1090 1994.0 754,4 1390 2534.0
260,0 500 932.0 426,7 800 1472.0 593,3 1100 2012.0 760,0 1400 2552.0
265,6 510 950.0 432,2 810 1490.0 598,9 1110 2030.0 765,6 1410 2570.0
271,1 520 968.0 437,8 820 1508.0 604,4 1120 2048.0 771,1 1420 2588.0
276,7 530 986.0 443,3 830 1526.0 610,0 1130 2066.0 776,7 1430 2606.0
282,2 540 1004.0 448,9 840 1544.0 615,6 1140 2084.0 782,2 1440 2624.0
287,8 550 1022.0 454,4 850 1562.0 621,1 1150 2102.0 787,0 1450 2642.0
293,3 560 1040.0 460,0 860 1580.0 626,7 1160 2120.0 793,3 1460 2660.0
298,9 570 1058.0 465,6 870 1598.0 632,2 1170 2138.0 798,9 1470 2678.0
304,4 580 1076.0 471,1 880 1616.0 637,8 1180 2156.0 804,4 1480 2696.0
310,0 590 1094.0 476,7 890 1634.0 643,3 1190 2174.0 810,0 1490 2714.0
674
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
A.P.I. and Baumé Gravity Tables and Weight Factors
A.P.I.
Baumé
Specic
Gravity
Gravity
0 10.247 1.0760 8.962 0.1116 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1 9.223 1.0679 8.895 0.1124 31 30.78 0.9808 7.251 0.1379 61 60.46 0.7351 6.119 0.1634 81 80.25 0.6659 5.542 0.1804
2 8.198 1.0599 8.828 0.1133 32 31.77 0.8654 7.206 0.1388 62 61.45 0.7313 6.087 0.1643 82 81.24 0.6628 5.516 0.1813
3 7.173 1.0520 8.762 0.1141 33 32.76 0.8602 7.163 0.1396 63 62.44 0.7275 6.056 0.1651 83 82.23 0.6597 5.491 0.1821
4 6.148 1.0443 8.698 0.1150 34 33.75 0.8550 7.119 0.1405 64 63.43 0.7238 6.025 0.1660 84 83.22 0.6566 5.465 0.1830
5 5.124 1.0366 8.634 0.1158 35 34.73 0.8498 7.075 0.1413 65 64.42 0.7201 6.994 0.1668 85 84.20 0.6536 5.440 0.1838
6 4.099 1.0291 8.571 0.1167 36 35.72 0.8448 7.034 0.1422 66 65.41 0.7165 5.964 0.1677 86 85.19 0.6506 5.415 0.1847
7 3.074 1.0217 8.509 0.1175 37 36.71 0.8398 6.993 0.1430 67 66.40 0.7128 5.934 0.1685 87 86.18 0.6476 5.390 0.1855
8 2.049 1.0143 8.448 0.1184 38 37.70 0.8348 6.951 0.1439 68 67.39 0.7093 5.904 0.1694 88 87.17 0.6446 5.365 0.1864
9 1.025 1.0071 8.388 0.1192 39 38.69 0.8299 6.910 0.1447 69 68.37 0.7057 5.874 0.1702 89 88.16 0.6417 5.341 0.1872
10 10.00 1.0000 8.328 0.1201 40 39.68 0.8251 6.870 0.1456 70 69.36 0.7022 5.845 0.1711 90 89.15 0.6388 5.316 0.1881
Gravity
Lbs/U.S.
Gallons
U.S.
Gallons-
/Lb
A.P.I.
Gravity
Baumé Gravity
Specic
Gravity
Lbs/U.S.
Gallons
U.S.
Gallons-
/Lb
A.P.I.
Gravity
Baumé Gravity
Specic
Gravity
Lbs/U.S. Gallons
U.S.
Gallons-
/Lb
A.P.I.
Gravity
Baumé Gravity
Specic
Gravity
Lbs/U.S.
Gallons
U.S.
Gallons-
/Lb
11 10.99 0.9930 8.270 0.1209 41 40.67 0.8203 6.830 0.1464 71 70.35 0.6988 5.817 0.1719 91 90.14 0.6360 5.293 0.1889
12 11.98 0.9861 8.212 0.1218 42 41.66 0.8155 6.790 0.1473 72 71.34 0.6953 5.788 0.1728 92 91.13 0.6331 5.269 0.1898
13 12.97 0.9792 8.155 0.1226 43 42.65 0.8109 6.752 0.1481 73 72.33 0.6919 5.759 0.1736 93 92.12 0.6303 5.246 0.1906
14 13.96 0.9725 8.099 0.1235 44 43.64 0.8063 6.713 0.1490 74 73.32 0.6886 5.731 0.1745 94 93.11 0.6275 5.222 0.1915
15 14.95 0.9659 8.044 0.1243 45 44.63 0.8017 6.675 0.1498 75 74.31 0.6852 5.703 0.1753 95 94.10 0.6247 5.199 0.1924
16 15.94 0.9593 7.989 0.1252 46 45.62 0.7972 6.637 0.1507 76 75.30 0.6819 5.676 0.1762 96 95.09 0.6220 5.176 0.1932
17 16.93 0.9529 7.935 0.1260 47 50.61 0.7927 6.600 0.1515 77 76.29 0.6787 5.649 0.1770 97 96.08 0.6193 5.154 0.1940
18 17.92 0.9465 7.882 0.1269 48 50.60 0.7883 6.563 0.1524 78 77.28 0.6754 5.622 0.1779 98 97.07 0.6166 5.131 0.1949
19 18.90 0.9402 7.930 0.1277 49 50.59 0.7839 6.526 0.1532 79 78.27 0.6722 5.595 0.1787 99 98.06 0.6139 5.109 0.1957
20 19.89 0.9340 7.778 0.1286 50 50.58 0.7796 6.490 0.1541 80 79.26 0.6690 5.568 0.1796 100 99.05 0.6112 5.086 0.1966
The relation of degrees Baume or A.P.I. to Specic Gravity is expressed by these formulas:
21 20.88 0.9279 7.727 0.1294 51 50.57 0.7753 6.455 0.1549
22 21.87 0.9218 7.676 0.1303 52 51.55 0.7711 6.420 0.1558
23 22.86 0.9159 7.627 0.1311 53 52.54 0.7669 6.385 0.1566
24 23.85 0.9100 7.578 0.1320 54 53.53 0.7628 6.350 0.1575
25 24.84 0.9042 7.529 0.1328 55 54.52 0.7587 6.136 0.1583
26 25.83 0.8984 7.481 0.1337 56 55.51 0.7547 6.283 0.1592
27 26.82 0.8927 7.434 0.1345 57 56.50 0.7507 6.249 0.1600
28 27.81 0.8871 7.387 0.1354 58 57.49 0.7467 6.216 0.1609
29 28.80 0.8816 7.341 0.1362 59 58.48 0.7428 6.184 0.1617
30 29.79 0.8762 7.296 0.1371 60 59.47 0.7389 6.151 0.1626
For liquids lighter than water: For liquids heavier than water:
Degrees Baume = Degrees Baume =
Degrees A.P.I. =
G = Specic Gravity = ratio of weight of a given volume of oil at 60°F to the weight of the same         volume of water at 60°F.
The above tables are based on the weight of 1 gallon (U.S.) of oil with a volume of 231 cubic
inches at 60°F in air at 760 mm pressure and 50% relative humidity.  Assumed weight of 1 gallon  of water at 60°F in air is 8.32828 pounds.
To determine the resulting gravity by mixing oils of different gravities:
D =
  D = Density or Specic Gravity of mixture
m = Proportion of oil of d1 density n = Proportion of oil of d2 density d1 = Specic gravity of m oil d2 = Specic gravity of n oil
140 140
- 130 G =
G 130 + Degrees Baume
141 141.5
- 131.5 G =
5 131.5 + Degrees A.P.I.
md1+md
2
m + n
145 145
145 - G =
5 145 – Degrees Baume
675
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Characteristics of the Elements
ELEMENT SYMBOL
Actinium Aluminum Americum Antimony (Stibium) Argon
Arsenic Astatine Barium Berkelium Beryllium
Bismuth Boron Bromine Cadmium Calcium
Californium Carbon Cerium Cesium Chlorine
Chromium Cobalt Copper Curium Dysprosium
Einsteinium Erbium Europium Fermium Fluourine
Francium Gadolinium Gallium Germanium Gold
Hafnium Helium Holmium Hydrogen Indium
Iodine
Iridium Iron Krypton Lanthanum
Lawrencium Lead Lithium Lutetium Magnesium
Manganese Mendelevium Mercury Molybdenum Neodymium
1. Mass number shown is that of stable isotope most common in nature. Mass numbers shown in parentheses designate the isotope with the longest half-life (slowest rate of radioactive decay) for those elements having an unstable isotope.
2. Calculated > Greater than
Ac
Am
Sb
Ar
As
Ba Bk Be
Br Cd Ca
Cf
Ce Cs
Cr Co Cu
Cm
Dy
Es Er Eu
Fm
Gd Ga Ge Au
Hf He Ho
Fe Kr La
Lw Pb
Lu Mg
Mn Mv Hg Mo Nd
Al
At
Bi B
C
Cl
F
Fr
H In
I
Ir
Li
ATOMIC
NUMBER
89 13 95 51
18
33 85 56 97
4
83
5 35 48 20
98
6 58 55 17
24 27 29 96 66
99 68 63
100
9
87 64 31 32 79
72
2 67
1 49
53
77 26 36 57
103
82
3 71 12
25
101
80 42 60
MASS
NUMBER
(227)
27
(243)
121
40
75
(210)
138
(247)
9
209
11 79
114
40
(249)
12 140 133
35
52
59
63
(248)
164
(254)
166 153
(252)
19
(223)
158
69
74 197
180
4
165
1
115
127
193
56
84 139
(257)
208
7
175
24
55
(256)
202
98 142
MELTING
(1)
POINT (°C)
sublimes at 615
1278±5
1150±50
-259.14
2620±10
BOILING
POINT (°C)
1600†
659.7
630.5
-189.2
sublimes at 615
850
271.3 2300
-7.2
320.9
842±8
>3550
804
28.5
-103±5
1890 1495 1083
-223 -188
29.78
958.5 1063
1700
-272
156.4
113.7
2454 1535
-156.6
826
327.43 186
651
1260
-38.87
840
1560±5
(2)
2000±10
184.35
1336±5
356.58
2057
1380
-185.7
1140
2970
2550
58.78 767±2
1240
4200 1400
670
-34.6
2480 2900 2336
1983 2700 2600
>3200
-268.9
-252.8
>4800
3000
-152.9
1620
1107
1900
4800
ELEMENT SYMBOL
Neon Neptunium Nickel Niobium
Nitrogen
Nobelium Osmium Oxygen Palladium Phosphorus
Platinum Plutonium Polonium Potassium Praseodymium
Promethium Protactinium Radium Radon Rhenium
Rhodium Rubidium Ruthenium Samarium Scandium
Selenium Silicon Silver Sodium Strontium
Sulfur Tantalum Technetium Tellurium Terbium
Thallium Thorium Thulium Tin Titanium
Tungsten (Wolfram) Uranium Vanadium Xenon Ytterbium
Yttrium Zinc Zirconium
Ne Np
Nb
No Os
Pd
Pu Po
Pm
Pa Ra Rn Re
Rh Rb Ru
Sm
Sc
Se
Ag Na
Ta Tc Te Tb
Th
Tm
Sn
Xe Yb
Zn
ATOMIC
NUMBER
10
102
93 28 41
7
76
8 46 15
78 94 84 19 59
61 91 88 86 75
45 37 44 62 21
34 14 47 11 38
16 73 43 52 65
81 90 69 50 22
74
92 23 54 70
39 30 40
Ni
N
O
P
Pt
K
Pr
Si
Sr
S
Tl
Ti
W
U V
Y
Zr
MASS
NUMBER
20
(237)
58 93
14
(253)
192
16
106
31
195 (242) (209)
39
141
(145) (231) (226) (222)
187
103
85 102 152
45
80
28 107
23
88
32 180 (99) 130 159
205 232 169 120
48
184
238
51 132 174
89
64
90
(1)
MELTING
POINT (°C)
-248.67
1455
2500±50
-209.86
2700
-218.4
1549.4
1773.5
53.3 940
700
-71
3167±60
1966±3
38.5
2450
>1300
1200
217
1420
960.8
97.5 800
2996±50
452
327±5
302
1845
231.89 1800
3370
c.1133
1710
-112
1800
1490
419.47 1857
BOILING
POINT (°C)
-245.9
2900 3700
-195.8
>5300
-182.86 2000
4300
760
1140
-61.8
>2500
700
2700
2400
688 2355 1950
880 1150
c.4100
1390
1457±10
4500
2270
>3000
5900
3000
-107.1
2500
907
>2900
676
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Recommended Standard Specications for Valve Materials Pressure-Containing Castings
1 Carbon Steel ASTM A216 Grade WCC
            Temperature Range = -20° to 800°F Composition (Percent)
C 0.25 maximum Mn 1.20 maximum P 0.04 maximum S 0.04 maximum Si 0.60 maximum
2 Carbon Steel ASTM A216 Grade WCB
            Temperature Range = -20° to 1000°F Composition (Percent)
C 0.30 maximum Mn 1.00 maximum P 0.05 maximum S 0.06 maximum Si 0.60 maximum
11 Type 304 Stainless Steel ASTM A351 Grade CF-8
            Temperature Range = -425° to 1500°F Composition (Percent)
C 0.08 maximum Mn 1.50 maximum Si 2.00 maximum S 0.04 maximum P 0.04 maximum Cr 18.00 to 21.00 Ni 8.00 to 11.00
12 Type 316 Stainless Steel ASTM A351 Grade CF-8M
            Temperature Range = -425° to 1500°F Composition (Percent)
C 0.08 maximum Mn 1.50 maximum Si 2.00 maximum P 0.04 maximum S 0.04 maximum Cr 18.00 to 21.00 Ni 9.00 to 12.00 Mo 2.00 to 3.00
3 Carbon Steel ASTM A352 Grade LCC
            Temperature Range = -50° to 650°F             Composition: same as ASTM A216
Grade WCC
5 Chrome Moly Steel ASTM A217 Grade C5
            Temperature Range = -20° to 1100°F Composition (Percent)
C 0.20 maximum Mn 0.40 to 0.70 P 0.05 maximum S 0.06 maximum Si 0.75 maximum Cr 4.00 to 6.50 Mo 0.45 to 0.65
7 Chrome Moly Steel ASTM A217 Grade WC6
            Temperature Range = -20° to 1000°F Composition (Percent)
C 0.20 maximum Mn 0.50 to 0.80 P 0.05 maximum S 0.06 maximum Si 0.60 maximum Cr 1.00 to 1.50 Mo 0.45 to 0.65
9 3.5% Nickel Steel ASTM A352 Grade LC3
            Temperature Range = -150° to 650°F Composition (Percent)
C 0.15 maximum Mn 0.50 to 0.80 P 0.05 maximum S 0.05 maximum Si 0.60 maximum Ni 3.00 to 4.00
4 Carbon Steel ASTM A352 Grade LCB
            Temperature Range = -50° to 650°F             Composition: same as ASTM A216
Grade WCB
6 Carbon Moly Steel ASTM A217 Grade WC1
            Temperature Range = -20° to 850°F Composition (Percent)
C 0.25 Mn 0.50 to 0.80 P 0.05 maximum S 0.06 maximum Si 0.60 maximum Mo 0.45 to 0.65
8 Chrome Moly Steel ASTM A217 Grade WC9
            Temperature Range = -20° to 1050°F  Composition (Percent)
C 0.18 maximum Mn 0.40 to 0.70 P 0.05 maximum Si 0.60 maximum Cr 2.00 to 2.75 Mo 0.90 to 1.20
10 Chrome Moly Steel ASTM A217 Grade C12
            Temperature Range = -20° to 1100°F  Composition (Percent)
C 0.20 maximum Si 1.00 maximum Mn 0.35 to 0.65 Cr 8.00 to 10.00 Mo 0.90 to 1.20 P 0.05 maximum S 0.06 maximum
13 Cast Iron ASTM A126 Class B
            Temperature Range = -150° to 450°F  Composition (Percent)
P 0.75 maximum S 0.12 maximum
15 Ductile Iron ASTM A395 Type 60-45-15
            Temperature Range = -20° to 650°F Composition (Percent)
C 3.00 minimum Si 2.75 maximum P 0.80 maximum
17 Standard Valve Bronze ASTM B62
            Temperature Range = -325° to 450°F  Composition (Percent)
Cu 84.00 to 86.00 Sn 4.00 to 6.00 Pb 4.00 to 6.00 Zn 4.00 to 6.00 Ni 1.00 maximum Fe 0.30 maximum P 0.05 maximum
19 Manganese Bronze ASTM B147 Alloy 8A
            Temperature Range = -325° to 350°F Composition (Percent)
Cu 55.00 to 60.00 Sn 1.00 maximum Pb 0.40 maximum Ni 0.50 maximum Fe 0.40 to 2.00 Al 0.50 to 1.50 Mn 1.50 maximum Zn Remainder
14 Cast Iron ASTM A126 Class C
            Temperature Range = -150° to 450°F Composition (Percent)
P 0.75 maximum S 0.12 maximum
16        Ductile Ni-Resist* Iron
ASTM A439 Type D-2B
            Temperature Range = -20° to 750°F  Composition (Percent)
C 3.00 maximum Si 1.50 to 3.00 Mn 0.70 to 1.25 P 0.08 maximum Ni 18.00 to 22.00 Cr 2.75 to 4.00
18 Tin Bronze ASTM B143 Alloy 1A
            Temperature Range = -325° to 400°F  Composition (Percent)
Cu 86.00 to 89.00 Sn 9.00 to 11.00 Pb 0.30 maximum Zn 1.00 to 3.00 Ni 1.00 maximum Fe 0.15 maximum P 0.05 maximum
20 Aluminum Bronze ASTM B148 Alloy 9C
            Temperature Range = -325° to 500°F      
Composition (Percent)
Cu 83.00 minimum Al 10.00 to 11.50 Fe 3.00 to 5.00 Mn 0.50 Ni 2.50 maximum Minimum total named elements = 99.5
- continued -
677
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Recommended Standard Specications for Valve Materials Pressure-Containing Castings (continued)
21        Mondel* Alloy 411
(Weldable Grade)
            Temperature Range = -325° to 900°F Composition (Percent)
Ni 60.00 minimum Cu 26.00 to 33.00 C 0.30 maximum Mn 1.50 maximum Fe 3.50 maximum S 0.015 maximum Si 1.00 to 2.00 Nb 1.00 to 3.00
23 Nickel-Moly-Chrome Alloy “C”
ASTM A494 (Hastelloy® “C” †)
            Temperature Range = -325° to 1000°F Composition (Percent)
Cr 15.50 to 17.50 Fe 4.50 to 7.50 W 3.75 to 5.25 C 0.12 maximum Si 1.00 maximum Co 2.50 maximum Mn 1.00 maximum V 0.20 to 0.40 Mo 16.00 to 18.00 P 0.04 S 0.03 Ni Remainder
25 Aluminum Bar ASTM B211 Alloy 20911-T3
Composition (Percent)
Si 0.40 maximum Fe 0.70 maximum Cu 5.00 to 6.00 Zn 0.30 maximum Bi 0.20 to 0.60 Pb 0.20 to 0.60 Other Elements 0.15 maximum Al Remainder
27 Naval Brass Bar ASTM B21 Allow 464
Composition (Percent)
Cu 59.00 to 62.00 Sn 0.50 to 1.00 Pb 0.20 maximum Zn Remainder
29 Carbon Steel Bar ASTM A108 Grade 1018
Composition (Percent)
C 0.15 to 0.20 Mn 0.60 to 0.90 P 0.04 maximum S 0.05 maximum
22 Nickel-Moly Alloy “B”
ASTM A494 (Hastelloy® “B” †)
            Temperature Range = -325° to 700°F Composition (Percent)
Cr 1.00 maximum Fe 4.00 to 6.00 C 0.12 maximum Si 1.00 maximum Co 2.50 maximum Mn 1.00 maximum V 0.20 to 0.60 Mo 26.00 to 30.00 P 0.04 maximum S 0.03 maximum Ni Remainder
24 Cobalt-based Alloy No.6 Stellite † No. 6
Composition (Percent)
C 0.90 to 1.40 Mn 1.00 W 3.00 to 6.00 Ni 3.00 Cr 26.00 to 32.00 Mo 1.00 Fe 3.00 Se 0.40 to 2.00 Co Remainder
26 Yellow Brass Bar ASTM B16 1/2 Hard
Composition (Percent)
Cu 60.00 to 63.00 Pb 2.50 to 3.70 Fe 0.35 maximum Zn Remainder
28 Leaded Steel Bar AISI 12L14
Composition (Percent)
C 0.15 maximum Mn 0.80 to 1.20 P 0.04 to 0.09 S 0.25 to 0.35 Pb 0.15 to 0.35
30 AISI 4140 Chrome-Moly Steel (Suitable for ASTM A193 Grade B7 bolt material)
Composition (Percent)
C 0.38 to 0.43 Mn 0.75 to 1.00 P 0.035 maximum S 0.04 maximum Si 0.20 to 0.35 Cr 0.80 to 1.10 Mo 0.15 to 0.25 Fe Remainder
31 Type 302 Stainless Steel ASTM A276 Type 302
Composition (Percent)
C 0.15 maximum Mn 2.00 maximum P 0.045 maximum S 0.030 maximum Si 1.00 maximum Cr 17.00 to 19.00 Ni 8.00 to 10.00
33 Type 316 Stainless Steel ASTM A276 Type 316
Composition (Percent)
C 0.08 maximum Mn 2.00 maximum P 0.045 maximum S 0.030 maximum Si 1.00 maximum Cr 16.00 to 18.00 Ni 10.00 to 14.00 Mo 2.00 to 3.00
35 Type 410 Stainless Steel ASTM A276 Type 410
Composition (Percent)
C 0.15 maximum Mn 1.00 maximum P 0.040 maximum S 0.030 maximum Si 1.00 maximum Cr 11.50 to 13.50 Al 0.10 to 0.30
37 Nickel-Copper Alloy Bar
Alloy K500 (K Monel®*)
Composition (Percent)
Ni 63.00 to 70.00 Fe 2.00 maximum Mn 1.50 maximum Si 1.00 maximum C 0.25 maximum S 0.01 maximum Al 2.00 to 4.00 Ti 0.25 to 1.00 Cu Remainder
39 Nickel-Moly-Chrome Alloy “C” Bar
ASTM B336 (Hastelloy® “C” †)
Composition (Percent)
Cr 14.50 to 16.50 Fe 4.00 to 7.00 W 3.00 to 4.50 C 0.08 maximum Si 1.00 maximum Co 2.50 maximum Mn 1.00 maximum Va 0.35 maximum Mo 15.00 to 17.00 P 0.04 S 0.03 Ni Remainder
32 Type 304 Stainless Steel ASTM A276 Type 304
Composition (Percent)
C 0.08 maximum Mn 2.00 maximum P 0.045 maximum S 0.030 maximum Si 1.00 maximum Cr 18.00 to 20.00 Ni 8.00 to 12.00
34 Type 316L Stainless Steel ASTM A276 Type 316L
Composition (Percent)
C 0.03 maximum Mn 2.00 maximum P 0.045 maximum S 0.030 maximum Si 1.00 maximum Cr 16.00 to 18.00 Ni 10.00 to 14.00 Mo 2.00 to 3.00
36 Type 17-4PH Stainless Steel ASTM A461 Grade 630
Composition (Percent)
C 0.07 maximum Mn 1.00 maximum Si 1.00 maximum P 0.04 maximum S 0.03 maximum Cr 15.50 to 17.50 Nb 0.05 to 0.45 Cu 3.00 to 5.00 Ni 3.00 to 5.00 Fe Remainder
38 Nickel-Moly Alloy “B” Bar
ASTM B335 (Hastelloy® “B” †)
Composition (Percent)
Cr 1.00 maximum Fe 4.00 to 6.00 C 0.04 maximum Si 1.00 maximum Co 2.50 maximum Mn 1.00 maximum V 0.20 to 0.40 Mo 26.00 to 30.00 P 0.025 maximum S 0.030 maximum Ni Remainder
678
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Recommended Standard Specications for Valve Materials Pressure-Containing Castings
MATERIAL CODE
AND DESCRIPTION
1 Carbon Steel ASTM A 216 Grade WCC 70,000 40,000 22 35 30.4 137 to 187
2 Carbon Steel ASTM A 216 Grade WCB 70,000 36,000 22 35 27.9 137 to 187
3 Carbon Steel ASTM A 352 Grade LCC 70,000 40,000 22 35 29.9 137 to 187
4 Carbon Steel ASTM A 352 Grade LCB 65,000 35,000 24 35 27.9 137 to 187
5 Chrome Moly Steel ASTM A217 Grade C5 90,000 60,000 18 35 27.4 241 Maximum
6 Carbon Moly Steel ASTM A217 Grade WC1 65,000 35,000 24 35 29.9 215 Maximum
7 Chrome Moly Steel ASTM A217 Grade WC6 70,000 40,000 20 35 29.9 215 Maximum
8 Chrome Moly Steel ASTM A217 Grade WC9 70,000 40,000 20 35 29.9 241 Maximum
9 3.5% Nickel Steel ASTM A352 Grade LC3 65,000 40,000 24 35 27.9 137
10 Chrome Moly Steel ASTM A217 Grade C12 90,000 60,000 18 35 27.4 180 to 240
11 Type 304 Stainless Steel ASTM A351 Grade CF8 65,000 28,000 35 - - - - 28.0 140
12 Type 316 Stainless Steel ASTM A351 Grade CF8M 70,000 30,000 30 - - - - 28.3 156 to 170
13 Cast Iron ASTM A126 Class B 31,000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 160 to 220
14 Cast Iron ASTM A126 Class C 41,000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 160 to 220
15 Ductile Iron ASTM A395 Type 60-45-15 60,000 45,000 15 - - - - 23-26 143 to 207
16 Ductile Ni-Resist Iron
17 Standard Valve Bronze ASTM B62 30,000 14,000 20 17 13.5 55 to 65*
18 Tin Bronze ASTM B143 Alloy 1A 40,000 18,000 20 20 15 75 to 85*
19 Manganese Bronze ASTM B147 Alloy 8A 65,000 25,000 20 20 15.4 98*
20 Aluminum Bronze ASTM B148 Alloy 9C 75,000 30,000 12 minimum 12 17 150
21 Mondel Alloy 411 (Weldable Grade) 65,000 32,500 25 - - - - 23 120 to 170
22 Nickel-Moly Alloy “B” ASTM A494 (Hastelloy® “B”) 72,000 46,000 6 - - - - - - - - - - - -
23 Nickel-Moly-Chrome Alloy “C” ASTM A494 (Hastelloy® “C”) 72,000 46,000 4 - - - - - - - - - - - -
24 Cobalt-base Alloy No.6 Stellite No. 6 121,000 64,000 1 to 2 - - - - 30.4 - - - -
25 Aluminum Bar ASTM B211 Alloy 20911-T3 44,000 36,000 15 - - - - 10.2 95
26 Yellow Brass Bar ASTM B16-1/2 Hard 45,000 15,000 7 50 14 - - - -
27 Naval Brass Bar ASTM B21 Alloy 464 60,000 27,000 22 55 - - - - - - - -
28 Leaded Steel Bar AISI 12L14 79,000 71,000 16 52 - - - - 163
29 Carbon Steel Bar ASTM A108 Grade 1018 69,000 48,000 38 62 - - - - 143
30 AISI 4140 Chrome-Moly Steel
31 Type 302 Stainless Steel ASTM A276 Type 302 85,000 35,000 60 70 28 150
32 Type 304 Stainless Steel ASTM A276 Type 304 85,000 35,000 60 70 - - - - 149
33 Type 316 Stainless Steel ASTM A276 Type 316 80,000 30,000 60 70 28 149
34 Type 316L Stainless Steel ASTM A276 Type 316L 81,000 34,000 55 - - - - - - - - 146
35 Type 410 Stainless Steel ASTM A276 Type 410 75,000 40,000 35 70 29 155
36 Type 17-4PH Stainless Steel ASTM A461 Grade 630 135,000 105,000 16 50 29 275 to 345
37 Nickel-Copper Alloy Bar Alloy K500 (K Monel®) 100,000 70,000 35 - - - - 26 175 to 260
38 Nickel-Moly Alloy “B” Bar ASTM B335 (Hastelloy® “B”) 100,000 46,000 30 - - - - - - - - - - - -
39 Nickel-Moly Alloy “C” Bar ASTM B336 (Hastelloy® “C”) 100,000 46,000 20 - - - - - - - - - - - -
1. 500 kg load.
(1)
ASTM A439 Type D-2B 58,000 30,000 7 - - - - - - - - 148 to 211
(Suitable for ASTM A193 Grade B7 bolt material)
MINIMUM PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Tensile
(Psi)
135,000 115,000 22 63 29.9 255
Yield
Point (Psi)
Elong.
in 2-inches
(%)
Reduction
of Area (%)
MODULUS OF
ELASTICITY AT
70°F (PSI x 106)
APPROXIMATE
HARDNESS
BRINELL
679
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Physical Constants of Hydrocarbons
CRITICAL CONSTANTS
Critical
Temperature
(5)
-116.63
(5)
(5)
206.01
305.65
274.98
369.10
321.13
435.83
420.13
440.29
495.00
503.78
513.48
477.23
475.95
505.85
496.44
564.22
530.44
519.46
610.68
499.35
570.27
(5)
(5)
(5)
324.37
311.86
292.55
376.93 (339)
(412)
552.22
605.55
651.24
651.02
(°F)
90.09
385.7
453.7
448.3
512.8
652.1
461.5
536.7
48.58
196.9
295.6
306
95.31
675.0
649.6
706.0
676.4
NO. COMPOUND FORMULA
1
Methane
2
Ethane
3
Propane
4
n-Butane
5
Isobutane
6
n-Pentane
7
Isopentane
8
Neopentane
9
n-Hexane
10
2-Methylpentane
11
3-Methylpentane
12
Neohexane
13
2,3-Dimethylbutane
14
n-Heptane
15
2-Methylhexane
16
3-Methylhexane
17
3-Ethylpentane
18
2,2-Dimethylpentane
19
2,4-Dimethylpentane
20
3,3-Dimethylpentane
21
Triptane
22
n-Octane
23
Disobutyl
24
Isooctane
25
n-Nonane
26
n-Decane
27
Cyclopentane
28
Methylcyclopentane
29
Cyclohexane
30
Methylcyclohexane
31
Ethylene
32
Propene
33
1-Butene
34
Cis-2-Butene
35
Trans-2-Butene
36
Isobutene
37
1-Pentene
38
1,2-Butadiene
39
1,3-Butadiene
40
Isoprene
41
Acetylene
42
Benzene
43
Toluene
44
Ethylbenzene
45
o-Xylene
46
m-Xylene
47
p-Xylene
48
Styrene
49
Isopropylbenzane
1. Calculated values.
2. ( ) - Estimated values.
3. Air saturated hydrocarbons.
4. Absolute values from weights in vacuum.
5. At saturation pressure (- - - -).
6. Sublimation point.
  7.  Saturation pressure at 60°F.
  8.  Apparent value for methane at 60°F.
  9.  Specic gravity, 119°F/60°F (sublimation point).
CH C2H C3H
C4H C4H
C5H C5H C5H
C6H C6H C6H C6H C6H
C7H C7H C7H C7H C7H C7H C7H C7H
C8H C8H C8H C9H
C10H
C5H C6H C6H C7H
C2H C3H C4H C4H C4H C4H
C5H
C4H C4H C5H
C2H C6H C7H
C8H C8H C8H C8H
C8H
C9H
4
6
8
10
10
12
12
12
14
14
14
14
14
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
18
18
18
20
22
10
12
12
14
4
6
8
8
8
8
10
6
6
8
2
6
8
10
10
10
10
8
12
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
16.043
30.070
44.097
58.124
58.124
72.151
72.151
72.151
86.178
86.178
86.178
86.178
86.178
100.205
100.205
100.205
100.205
100.205
100.205
100.205
100.205
114.232
114.232
114.232
128.259
142.286
70.135
84.162
84.162
98.189
28.054
42.081
56.108
56.108
56.108
56.108
70.135
54.092
54.092
68.119
26.038
78.114
92.141
106.168
106.168
106.168
106.168
104.152
120.195
BOILING
POINT AT
14.696 PSIA
(°F)
-258.69
-127.48
-43.67
31.10
10.90
96.92
82.12
49.10
155.72
140.47
145.89
121.52
136.36
209.17
194.09
197.32
200.25
174.54
176.89
186.91
177.58
258.22
228.39
210.63
303.47
345.48
120.65
161.25
177.29
213.68
-154.62
-53.90
20.75
38.69
33.58
19.59
85.93
51.56
24.06
93.30
(6)
-119
176.17
231.13
277.16
291.97
282.41
281.05
293.29
306.34
VAPOR
PRESSURE AT
100°F (PSIA)
(2)
(5000)
(2)
(800)
190
51.6
72.2
15.570
20.44
35.9
4.956
6.767
6.098
9.856
7.404
1.620
2.271
2.130
2.012
3.492
3.292
2.773
3.374
0.537
1.101
1.708
0.179
0.0597
9.914
4.503
3.264
1.609
- - - -
226.4
63.05
45.54
49.80
63.40
19.115
(2)
(20)
(2)
(60)
16.672
- - - -
3.224
1.032
0.371
0.264
0.326
0.342
(2)
(0.24)
0.188
FREEZING
POINT AT
14.696 PSIA
(°F)
-296.46
-297.89
-305.84
-217.05
-255.29
-201.51
-255.83
2.17
-139.58
-244.63
- - - -
-147.72
-199.38
-131.05
-180.89
- - - -
-181.48
-190.86
-182.63
-210.01
-12.82
-70.18
-132.07
-161.27
-64.28
-21.36
-136.91
-224.44
43.77
-195.98
-272.45
-301.45
-301.63
-218.06
-157.96
-220.61
-265.39
-213.16
-164.02
-230.74
(5)
-114
41.96
-138.94
-138.91
-13.30
-54.12
55.86
-23.10
-140.82
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
AT 14.696 PSIA
Critical
Pressure
(psia)
667.8
707.8
616.3
550.7
529.1
488.6
490.4
464.0
436.9
436.6
453.1
446.8
453.5
396.8
396.5
408.1
419.3
402.2
396.9
427.2
428.4
360.6
360.6
372.4 332 304
653.8
548.9 591
503.5
729.8 669 583 610 595 580
(2)
(2)
590
(653)
628
(558.4)
890.4
710.4
595.9
523.5
541.4
513.6
509.2 580
465.4
(2)
(2)
(3, 4)
Liquid
60°F/60°F
0.3000
0.3564
0.5077
0.5844
0.5631
0.6310
0.6247
0.5967
0.6640
0.6579
0.6689
0.6540
0.6664
0.6882
0.6830
0.6917
0.7028
0.6782
0.6773
0.6976
0.6946
0.7068
0.6979
0.6962
0.7217
0.7342
0.7504
0.7536
0.7834
0.7740
- - - -
0.5220
0.6013
0.6271
0.6100
0.6004
(7)
0.645
(7)
0.658
0.6272
0.6861
(9)
0.615
0.8844
0.8718
0.8718
0.8848
0.8687
0.8657
0.9110
0.8663
(8)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
,
Gas at 60°F
(Air = 1)
0.5539
1.0382
1.5225
2.0068
2.0068
2.4911
2.4911
2.4911
2.9753
2.9753
2.9753
2.9753
2.9753
3.4596
3.4596
3.4596
3.4596
3.4596
3.4596
3.4596
3.4596
3.9439
3.9439
3.9439
4.4282
4.9125
2.4215
2.9057
2.9057
3.3900
0.9686
1.4529
1.9372
1.9372
1.9372
1.9372
2.4215
1.8676
1.8676
2.3519
0.8990
2.6969
3.1812
3.6655
3.6655
3.6655
3.6655
3.5959
4.1498
(1)
680
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Physical Constants of Various Fluids
FLUID FORMULA
Acetic Acid HC2H3O
3
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
60.06 245 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.05 - - - -
BOILING POINT
(°F AT 14.696
PSIA)
Acetone C3H6O 58.08 133 - - - - 455 691 0.79 2.01
Air N2O
2
28.97 -317 - - - - -221 547 0.86
Alcohol, Ethyl C2H6O 46.07 173 2.3
Alcohol, Methyl CH4O 32.04 148 4.63
Ammonia NH
Ammonium Chloride
Ammonium Hydroxide
Ammonium
(1)
Sulfate
(1)
(1)
NH4Cl - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.07 - - - -
NH4OH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.91 - - - -
(NH4)2SO
3
4
17.03 -28 114 270 1636 0.62 0.59
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.15 - - - -
Aniline C6H7N 93.12 365 - - - - 798 770 1.02 - - - -
Argon A 39.94 -302 - - - - -188 705 1.65 1.38
Bromine Br
Calcium Chloride
(1)
CaCl
Carbon Dioxide CO
Carbon Disulde CS
2
2
2
2
159.84 138 - - - - 575 - - - - 2.93 5.52
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.23 - - - -
44.01 -109 839 88 1072 0.801
76.1 115 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.29 2.63
Carbon Monoxide CO 28.01 -314 - - - - -220 507 0.80 0.97
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chlorine Cl
Chromic Acid H2CrO
Citric Acid C6H8O
Copper Sulfate
(1)
CCl
CuSO
4
2
4
7
4
153.84 170 - - - - 542 661 1.59 5.31
70.91 -30 85 291 1119 1.42 2.45
118.03 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.21 - - - -
192.12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.54 - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.17 - - - -
Ether (C2H5)2O 74.12 34 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.74 2.55
Ferric Chloride
Fluorine F
(1)
FeCl
3
2
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.23 - - - -
38.00 -305 300 -200 809 1.11 1.31
Formaldehyde H2CO 30.03 -6 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.82 1.08
Formic Acid HCO2H 46.03 214 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.23 - - - -
Furfural C5H4O
Glycerine C3H8O
Glycol C2H6O
2
3
2
96.08 324 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.16 - - - -
92.09 554 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.26 - - - -
62.07 387 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.11 - - - -
Helium He 4.003 -454 - - - - -450 33 0.18 0.14
Hydrochloric Acid HCl 36.47 -115 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.64 - - - -
Hydrouoric Acid HF 20.01 66 0.9 446 - - - - 0.92 - - - -
Hydrogen H
Hydrogen Chloride
2
HCl 36.47 -115 613 125 1198 0.86 1.26
2.016 -422 - - - - -400 188 0.07
Hydrogen Sulde H2S 34.07 -76 252 213 1307 0.79 1.17
Isopropyl Alcohol C3H8O 60.09 180 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.78 2.08
Linseed Oil - - - - - - - - 538 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.93 - - - -
1. Aqueous Solution - 25% by weight of compound.
  2.  Vapor pressure in psia at 100°F.
  3.  Density of liquid, gm/ml at normal boiling point.
VAPOR
PRESSURE
AT 70°F (PSIG)
(2)
(2)
CRITICAL
TEMPERATURE
(°F)
CRITICAL
PRESSURE
(PSIA)
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Liquid 60°F/60°F Gas
470 925 0.794 1.59
463 1174 0.796 1.11
(3)
(3)
1.0
1.52
0.07
681
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Physical Constants of Various Fluids (continued)
FLUID FORMULA
Magnesium
(1)
Chloride
MgCl
2
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.22 - - - -
BOILING POINT
(°F AT 14.696
PSIA)
Mercury Hg 200.61 670 - - - - - - - - - - - - 13.6 6.93
Methyl Bromide CH3Br 94.95 38 13 376 - - - - 1.73 3.27
Methyl Chloride CH3Cl 50.49 -11 59 290 969 0.99 1.74
Naphthalene C10H
Nitric Acid HNO
Nitrogen N
8
3
2
128.16 424 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.14 4.43
63.02 187 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.5 - - - -
28.02 -320 - - - - -233 493 0.81
Oil, Vegetable - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.91 to 0.94 - - - -
Oxygen O
Phosgene COCl
Phosphoric Acid H3PO
Potassium Carbonate
Potassium Chloride
Potassium Hydroxide
(1)
(1)
(1)
K2CO
KCl - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.16 - - - -
KOH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.24 - - - -
2
2
4
3
32 -297 - - - - -181 737 1.14
98.92 47 10.7 360 823 1.39 3.42
98.00 415 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.83 - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.24 - - - -
Refrigerant 11 CCl3F 137.38 75 13.4 388 635 - - - - 5.04
Refrigerant 12 CCl2F
Refrigerant 13 CClF
2
3
120.93 -22 70.2 234 597 - - - - 4.2
104.47 -115 458.7 84 561 - - - - - - - -
Refrigerant 21 CHCl2F 102.93 48 8.4 353 750 - - - - 3.82
Refrigerant 22 CHClF
Refrigerant 23 CHF
Sodium
(1)
Chloride
Sodium
(1)
Hydroxide
Sodium Sulfate
Sodium Thiosulfate
(1)
(1)
NaCl - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.19 - - - -
NaOH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.27 - - - -
Na2SO
Na2SO
2
3
4
3
86.48 -41 122.5 205 716 - - - - - - - -
70.02 -119 635 91 691 - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.24 - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.23 - - - -
Starch (C6H10O5)x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.50 - - - -
Sugar Solutions
Sulfuric Acid H2SO
Sulfer Dioxide SO
(1)
C12H22O
11
4
2
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.10 - - - -
98.08 626 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.83 - - - -
64.6 14 34.4 316 1145 1.39 2.21
Turpentine - - - - - - - - 320 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.87 - - - -
Water H2O 18.016 212 0.9492
Zinc Chloride
Zinc Sulfate
1. Aqueous Solution - 25% by weight of compound.
  2.  Vapor pressure in psia at 100°F.
  3.  Density of liquid, gm/ml at normal boiling point.
(1)
(1)
ZnCl
ZnSO
2
4
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.24 - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.31 - - - -
VAPOR
PRESSURE
AT 70°F (PSIG)
(2)
CRITICAL
TEMPERATURE
(°F)
CRITICAL
PRESSURE
(PSIA)
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
Liquid 60°F/60°F Gas
(3)
(3)
706 3208 1.00 0.62
0.97
1.105
682
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Properties of Water
TEMPERATURE
OF WATER (°F)
32 0.0885 8.345 1.0013 0.00199
40 0.1217 8.345 1.0013 0.00199
50 0.1781 8.340 1.0007 0.00199
60 0.2653 8.334 1.0000 0.00199
70 0.3631 8.325 0.9989 0.00200
80 0.5069 8.314 0.9976 0.00200
90 0.6982 8.303 0.9963 0.00200
100 0.9492 8.289 0.9946 0.00201
110 1.2748 8.267 0.9919 0.00201
120 1.6924 8.253 0.9901 0.00200
130 2.2225 8.227 0.9872 0.00202
140 2.8886 8.207 0.9848 0.00203
150 3.718 8.182 0.9818 0.00203
160 4.741 8.156 0.9786 0.00204
170 5.992 8.127 0.9752 0.00205
180 7.510 8.098 0.9717 0.00205
190 9.339 8.068 0.9681 0.00206
200 11.526 8.039 0.9646 0.00207
210 14.123 8.005 0.9605 0.00208
212 14.696 7.996 0.9594 0.00208
220 17.186 7.972 0.9566 0.00209
240 24.969 7.901 0.9480 0.00210
260 35.429 7.822 0.9386 0.00211
280 49.203 7.746 0.9294 0.00215
300 67.013 7.662 0.9194 0.00217
350 134.63 7.432 0.8918 0.00224
400 247.31 7.172 0.8606 0.00232
450 422.6 6.892 0.8270 0.00241
500 680.8 6.553 0.7863 0.00254
550 1045.2 6.132 0.7358 0.00271
600 1542.9 5.664 0.6796 0.00294
700 3093.7 3.623 0.4347 0.00460
  1.  Multiply ow in pounds per hour by the factor to get equivalent ow in gallons per     minute. Weight per gallon is based on 7.48 gallons per cubic foot.
SATURATION
PRESSURE (POUNDS
PER SQUARE INCH
ABSOLUTE)
WEIGHT
(POUNDS PER
GALLON)
SPECIFIC
GRAVITY 60°F/60°F
CONVERSION
FACTOR
LBS/HR TO GPM
Properties of Saturated Steam
ABSOLUTE
(1)
,
PRESSURE
Inches
PSIA
of Hg
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
10.18
5.5
11.20
6.0
12.22
6.5
13.23
7.0
14.25
7.5
15.27
8.0
16.29
8.5
17.31
9.0
18.32
9.5
19.34
10.0
20.36
11.0
22.40
12.0
24.43
13.0
26.47
14.0
28.50
0.41
0.51
0.61
0.71
0.81
0.92
1.02
1.22
1.43
1.63
1.83
2.04
2.44
2.85
3.26
3.66
4.07
4.48
4.89
5.29
5.70
6.11
7.13
8.14
9.16
VACUUM
(INCHES
OF HG)
29.51
29.41
29.31
29.21
29.11
29.00
28.90
28.70
28.49
28.29
28.09
27.88
27.48
27.07
26.66
26.26
25.85
25.44
25.03
24.63
24.22
23.81
22.79
21.78
20.76
19.74
18.72
17.70
16.69
15.67
14.65
13.63
12.61
11.60
10.58
9.56
7.52
5.49
3.45
1.42
TEMP.
(°F)
53.14
59.30
64.47
68.93
72.86
76.38
79.58
85.21
90.08
94.38
98.24
101.74
107.92
113.26
117.99
122.23
126.08
129.62
132.89
135.94
138.79
141.48
147.57
152.97
157.83
162.24
166.30
170.06
173.56
176.85
179.94
182.86
185.64
188.28
190.80
193.21
197.75
201.96
205.88
209.56
HEAT
OF THE
LIQUID
(BTU/LB.)
21.21
27.36
32.52
36.97
40.89
44.41
47.60
53.21
58.07
62.36
66.21
69.70
75.87
81.20
85.91
90.14
93.99
97.52
100.79
103.83
106.68
109.37
115.46
120.86
125.71
130.13
134.19
137.96
141.47
144.76
147.86
150.79
153.57
156.22
158.75
161.17
165.73
169.96
173.91
177.61
LATENT HEAT
OF
EVAPORATION
(BTU/LB.)
1063.8
1060.3
1057.4
1054.9
1052.7
1050.7
1048.8
1045.7
1042.9
1040.4
1038.3
1036.3
1032.7
1029.6
1026.9
1024.5
1022.2
1020.2
1018.3
1016.5
1014.8
1013.2
1009.6
1006.4
1003.6
1001.0
998.5
996.2
994.1
992.1
990.2
988.5
986.8
985.2
983.6
982.1
979.3
976.6
974.2
971.9
TOTAL HEAT
OF
STEAM HG
(BTU/LB.)
1085.0
1087.7
1090.0
1091.9
1093.6
1095.1
1096.4
1098.9
1101.0
1102.8
1104.5
1106.0
1108.6
1110.8
1112.8
1114.6
1116.2
1117.7
1119.1
1120.3
1121.5
1122.6
1125.1
1127.3
1129.3
1131.1
1132.7
1134.2
1135.6
1136.9
1138.1
1139.3
1140.4
1141.4
1142.3
1143.3
1145.0
1146.6
1148.1
1149.5
SPECIFIC
VOLUME
(CUBIC FT./LB.)
1526.0
1235.3
1039.5
898.5
791.9
708.5
641.4
540.0
466.9
411.7
368.4
333.6
280.9
243.0
214.3
191.8
173.73
158.85
146.38
135.78
126.65
67.24
61.98
57.50
53.64
50.29
67.24
61.98
57.50
53.64
50.29
47.34
44.73
42.40
40.31
38.42
35.14
32.40
30.06
28.04
- continued -
683
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Properties of Saturated Steam (continued)
PRESSURE (PSI)
AbsoluteP’Gauge
14.696
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
24.0
25.0
26.0
27.0
28.0
29.0
30.0
31.0
32.0
33.0
34.0
35.0
36.0
37.0
38.0
39.0
40.0
41.0
42.0
43.0
44.0
45.0
46.0
47.0
48.0
49.0
50.0
51.0
52.0
53.0
54.0
55.0
56.0
57.0
58.0
59.0
60.0
61.0
62.0
63.0
64.0
65.0
66.0
67.0
68.0
69.0
70.0
71.0
72.0
73.0
74.0
0.0
0.3
1.3
2.3
3.3
4.3
5.3
6.3
7.3
8.3
9.3
10.3
11.3
12.3
13.3
14.3
15.3
16.3
17.3
18.3
19.3
20.3
21.3
22.3
23.3
24.3
25.3
26.3
27.3
28.3
29.3
30.3
31.3
32.3
33.3
34.3
35.3
36.3
37.3
38.3
39.3
40.3
41.3
42.3
43.3
44.3
45.3
46.3
47.3
48.3
49.3
50.3
51.3
52.3
53.3
54.3
55.3
56.3
57.3
58.3
59.3
P
TEMP.
(°F)
212.00
213.03
216.32
219.44
222.41
225.24
227.96
230.57
233.07
235.49
237.82
240.07
242.25
244.36
246.41
248.40
250.33
252.22
254.05
255.84
257.58
259.28
260.95
262.57
264.16
265.72
267.25
268.74
270.21
271.64
273.05
274.44
275.80
277.13
278.45
279.74
281.01
282.26
283.49
284.70
285.90
287.07
288.28
289.37
290.50
291.61
292.71
293.79
294.85
295.90
296.94
297.97
298.99
299.99
300.98
301.96
302.92
303.88
304.83
305.76
306.68
HEAT OF
THE LIQUID
(BTU/LB)
180.07
181.11
184.42
187.56
190.56
193.42
196.16
198.79
201.33
203.78
206.14
208.42
210.62
212.75
214.83
216.86
218.82
220.73
222.59
224.41
226.18
227.91
229.60
231.26
232.89
234.48
236.03
237.55
239.04
240.51
241.95
243.36
244.75
246.12
247.47
248.79
250.09
251.37
252.63
253.87
255.09
256.30
257.50
258.67
259.82
260.96
262.09
263.20
264.30
265.38
266.45
267.50
268.55
269.58
270.60
291.61
272.61
273.60
274.57
275.54
276.49
LATENT HEAT
OF
EVAPORATION
(BTU/LB)
970.3
969.7
967.6
965.5
963.6
961.9
960.1
958.4
956.8
955.2
953.7
952.1
950.7
949.3
947.9
946.5
945.3
944.0
942.8
941.6
940.3
939.2
938.0
936.9
935.8
934.7
933.7
932.6
931.6
930.6
929.6
928.6
927.7
926.7
925.8
924.9
924.0
923.0
922.2
921.3
920.5
919.6
918.8
917.9
917.1
916.3
915.5
914.7
913.9
913.1
912.3
911.6
910.8
910.1
909.4
908.7
907.9
907.2
906.5
905.8
905.1
TOTAL HEAT
OF STEAM H
(BTU/LB)
1150.4
1150.8
1152.0
1153.1
1154.2
1155.3
1156.3
1157.2
1158.1
1159.0
1159.8
1160.6
1161.3
1162.0
1162.7
1163.4
1164.1
1164.7
1165.4
1166.0
1166.5
1167.1
1167.6
1168.2
1168.7
1169.2
1169.7
1170.2
1170.7
1171.1
1171.6
1172.0
1172.4
1172.9
1173.3
1173.7
1174.1
1174.4
1174.8
1175.2
1175.6
1175.9
1176.3
1176.6
1176.9
1177.3
1177.6
1177.9
1178.2
1178.5
1178.8
1179.1
1179.4
1179.7
1180.0
1180.3
1180.6
1180.8
1181.1
1181.3
1181.6
SPECIFIC
VOLUME
g
(FT3/LB)
26.80
26.29
24.72
23.39
22.17
21.08
20.089
19.192
18.375
17.627
16.938
16.303
15.715
15.170
14.663
14.189
13.746
13.330
12.940
12.572
12.226
11.898
11.588
11.294
11.150
10.750
10.498
10.258
10.029
9.810
9.601
9.401
9.209
9.025
8.848
8.678
8.515
8.359
8.208
8.062
7.922
7.787
7.656
7.529
7.407
7.289
7.175
7.064
6.957
6.853
6.752
6.655
6.560
6.468
6.378
6.291
6.206
6.124
6.044
5.966
5.890
PRESSURE (PSI)
AbsoluteP’Gauge
- - - -
75.0
76.0
77.0
78.0
79.0
80.0
81.0
82.0
83.0
84.0
85.0
86.0
87.0
88.0
89.0
90.0
91.0
92.0
93.0
94.0
95.0
96.0
97.0
98.0
99.0
100.0
101.0
102.0
103.0
104.0
105.0
106.0
107.0
108.0
109.0
110.0
111.0
112.0
113.0
114.0
115.0
116.0
117.0
118.0
119.0
120.0
121.0
122.0
123.0
124.0
125.0
126.0
127.0
128.0
129.0
130.0
131.0
132.0
133.0
134.0
P
- - - -
60.3
61.3
62.3
63.3
64.3
65.3
66.3
67.3
68.3
69.3
70.3
71.3
72.3
73.3
74.3
75.3
76.3
77.3
78.3
79.3
80.3
81.3
82.3
83.3
84.3
85.3
86.3
87.3
88.3
89.3
90.3
91.3
92.3
93.3
94.3
95.3
96.3
97.3
98.3
99.3
100.3
101.3
102.3
103.3
104.3
105.3
106.3
107.3
108.3
109.3
110.3
111.3
112.3
113.3
114.3
115.3
116.3
117.3
118.3
119.3
TEMP.
(°F)
- - - -
307.60
308.50
309.40
310.29
311.16
312.03
312.89
313.74
314.59
315.42
316.25
317.07
317.88
318.68
319.48
320.27
321.06
321.83
322.60
323.36
324.12
324.87
325.61
326.35
327.08
327.81
328.53
329.25
329.96
330.66
331.36
332.05
332.74
333.42
334.10
334.77
335.44
336.11
336.77
337.42
338.07
338.72
339.36
339.99
340.62
341.25
341.88
342.50
343.11
343.72
344.33
344.94
345.54
346.13
346.73
347.32
347.90
348.48
349.06
349.64
HEAT OF
THE LIQUID
(BTU/LB)
- - - -
277.43
278.37
279.30
280.21
281.12
282.02
282.91
283.79
284.66
285.53
286.39
287.24
288.08
288.91
289.74
290.56
291.38
292.18
292.98
293.78
294.56
295.34
296.12
296.89
297.65
298.40
299.15
299.90
300.64
301.37
302.10
302.82
303.54
304.26
304.97
305.66
306.37
307.06
307.75
308.43
309.11
309.79
310.46
311.12
311.78
312.44
313.10
313.75
314.40
315.04
315.68
316.31
316.94
317.57
318.19
318.81
319.43
320.04
320.65
321.25
LATENT HEAT
OF
EVAPORATION
(BTU/LB)
- - - -
904.5
903.7
903.1
902.4
901.7
901.1
900.4
899.7
899.1
898.5
897.8
897.2
896.5
895.9
895.3
894.7
894.1
893.5
892.9
892.3
891.7
891.1
890.5
889.9
889.4
888.8
888.2
887.6
887.1
886.5
886.0
885.4
884.9
884.3
883.7
883.2
882.6
882.1
881.6
881.1
880.6
880.0
879.5
879.0
878.4
877.9
877.4
876.9
876.4
875.9
875.4
874.9
874.4
873.9
873.4
872.9
872.5
872.0
871.5
871.0
TOTAL HEAT
OF STEAM H
(BTU/LB)
- - - -
1181.9
1182.1
1182.4
1182.6
1182.8
1183.1
1183.3
1183.5
1183.8
1184.0
1184.2
1184.4
1184.6
1184.8
1185.1
1185.3
1185.5
1185.7
1185.9
1186.1
1186.2
1186.4
1186.6
1186.8
1187.0
1187.2
1187.4
1187.5
1187.7
1187.9
1188.1
1188.2
1188.4
1188.6
1188.7
1188.9
1189.0
1189.2
1189.4
1189.5
1189.7
1189.8
1190.0
1190.1
1190.2
1190.4
1190.5
1190.7
1190.8
1190.9
1191.1
1191.2
1191.3
1191.5
1191.6
1191.7
1191.9
1192.0
1192.1
1192.2
SPECIFIC
VOLUME
g
(FT3/LB)
- - - -
5.816
5.743
5.673
5.604
5.537
5.472
5.408
5.346
5.285
5.226
5.168
5.111
5.055
5.001
4.948
4.896
4.845
4.796
4.747
4.699
4.652
4.606
4.561
4.517
4.474
4.432
4.391
4.350
4.310
4.271
4.232
4.194
4.157
4.120
4.084
4.049
4.015
3.981
3.947
3.914
3.882
3.850
3.819
3.788
3.758
3.728
3.699
3.670
3.642
3.614
3.587
3.560
3.533
3.507
3.481
3.455
3.430
3.405
3.381
3.357
- continued -
684
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Properties of Saturated Steam (continued)
PRESSURE (PSI)
AbsoluteP’Gauge
135.0
136.0
137.0
138.0
139.0
140.0
141.0
142.0
143.0
144.0
145.0
146.0
147.0
148.0
149.0
150.0
152.0
154.0
156.0
158.0
160.0
162.0
164.0
166.0
168.0
170.0
172.0
174.0
176.0
178.0
180.0
182.0
184.0
186.0
188.0
190.0
192.0
194.0
196.0
198.0
200.0
205.0
210.0
215.0
220.0
225.0
230.0
235.0
240.0
245.0
250.0
255.0
260.0
265.0
270.0
275.0
280.0
285.0
290.0
295.0
300.0
320.0
340.0
360.0
380.0
P
120.3
121.3
122.3
123.3
124.3
125.3
126.3
127.3
128.3
129.3
130.3
131.3
132.3
133.3
134.3
135.3
137.3
139.3
141.3
143.3
145.3
147.3
149.3
151.3
153.3
155.3
157.3
159.3
161.3
163.3
165.3
167.3
169.3
171.3
173.3
175.3
177.3
179.3
181.3
183.3
185.3
190.3
195.3
200.3
205.3
210.3
215.3
220.3
225.3
230.3
235.3
240.3
245.3
250.3
255.3
260.3
265.3
270.3
275.3
280.3
285.3
305.3
325.3
345.3
365.3
TEMP.
(°F)
350.21
350.78
351.35
351.91
352.47
353.02
353.57
354.12
354.67
355.21
355.76
356.29
356.83
357.36
357.89
358.42
359.46
360.49
361.52
362.53
363.53
364.53
365.51
366.48
367.45
368.41
369.35
370.29
371.22
372.14
373.06
373.96
374.86
375.75
376.64
377.51
378.38
379.24
380.10
380.95
381.79
383.86
385.90
387.89
389.86
391.79
393.68
395.54
397.37
399.18
400.95
402.70
404.42
406.11
407.78
409.43
411.05
412.65
414.23
415.79
417.33
423.29
428.97
434.40
439.60
HEAT OF
THE LIQUID
(BTU/LB)
321.85
322.45
323.05
323.64
324.23
324.82
325.40
325.98
326.56
327.13
327.70
328.27
328.83
329.39
329.95
330.51
331.61
332.70
333.79
334.86
335.93
336.98
338.02
339.05
340.07
341.09
342.10
343.10
344.09
345.06
346.03
347.00
347.96
348.92
349.86
350.79
351.72
352.64
353.55
354.46
355.36
357.58
359.77
361.91
364.02
366.09
368.13
370.14
372.12
374.08
376.00
377.89
379.76
381.60
383.42
385.21
386.98
388.73
390.46
392.16
393.84
400.39
406.66
412.67
418.45
LATENT HEAT
OF
EVAPORATION
(BTU/LB)
870.6
870.1
869.6
869.1
868.7
868.2
867.7
867.2
866.7
866.3
865.8
865.3
864.9
864.5
864.0
863.6
862.7
851.8
860.9
860.0
859.2
858.3
857.5
856.6
855.7
854.9
854.1
853.3
852.4
851.6
850.8
850.0
849.2
848.4
847.6
846.8
846.1
845.3
844.5
843.7
843.0
841.0
839.2
837.4
835.6
833.8
832.0
830.3
828.5
826.8
825.1
823.4
821.8
820.1
818.5
816.9
815.3
813.7
812.1
810.5
809.0
803.0
797.1
797.4
785.8
TOTAL HEAT
OF STEAM H
(BTU/LB)
1192.4
1192.5
1192.6
1192.7
1192.9
1193.0
1193.1
1193.2
1193.3
1193.4
1193.5
1193.6
1193.8
1193.9
1194.0
1194.1
1194.3
1194.5
1194.7
1194.9
1195.1
1195.3
1195.5
1195.7
1195.8
1196.0
1196.2
1196.4
1196.5
1196.7
1196.9
1197.0
1197.2
1197.3
1197.5
1197.6
1197.8
1197.9
1198.1
1198.2
1198.4
1198.7
1199.0
1199.3
1199.6
1199.9
1200.1
1200.4
1200.6
1200.9
1201.1
1201.3
1201.5
1201.7
1201.9
1202.1
1202.3
1202.4
1202.6
1202.7
1202.8
1203.4
1203.7
1204.1
1204.3
SPECIFIC
g
VOLUME
(FT3/LB)
3.333
3.310
3.287
3.264
3.242
3.220
3.198
3.177
3.155
3.134
3.114
3.094
3.074
3.054
3.034
3.015
2.977
2.940
2.904
2.869
2.834
2.801
2.768
2.736
2.705
2.675
2.645
2.616
2.587
2.559
2.532
2.505
2.479
2.454
2.429
2.404
2.380
2.356
2.333
2.310
2.288
2.234
2.183
2.134
2.087
2.0422
1.9992
1.9579
1.9183
1.8803
1.8438
1.8086
1.7748
1.7422
1.7107
1.6804
1.6511
1.6228
1.5954
1.5689
1.5433
1.4485
1.3645
1.2895
1.2222
PRESSURE (PSI)
AbsoluteP’Gauge
400.0
420.0
440.0
460.0
480.0
500.0
520.0
540.0
560.0
580.0
600.0
620.0
640.0
660.0
680.0
700.0
720.0
740.0
760.0
780.0
800.0
820.0
840.0
860.0
880.0
900.0
920.0
940.0
960.0
980.0
1000.0
1050.0
1100.0
1150.0
1200.0
1250.0
1300.0
1350.0
1400.0
1450.0
1500.0
1600.0
1700.0
1800.0
1900.0
2000.0
2100.0
2200.0
2300.0
2400.0
2500.0
2600.0
2700.0
2800.0
2900.0
3000.0
3100.0
3200.0
3206.2
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
P
385.3
405.3
425.3
445.3
465.3
485.3
505.3
525.3
545.3
565.3
585.3
605.3
625.3
645.3
665.3
685.3
705.3
725.3
745.3
765.3
785.3
805.3
825.3
845.3
865.3
885.3
905.3
925.3
945.3
965.3
985.3
1035.3
1085.3
1135.3
1185.3
1235.3
1285.3
1335.3
1385.3
1435.3
1485.3
1585.3
1685.3
1785.3
1885.3
1985.3
2085.3
2185.3
2285.3
2385.3
2485.3
2585.3
2685.3
2785.3
2885.3
2985.3
3085.3
3185.3
3191.5
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
TEMP.
(°F)
444.59
449.39
454.02
458.50
462.82
467.01
471.07
475.01
478.85
482.58
486.21
489.75
493.21
496.58
499.88
503.10
506.25
509.34
512.36
505.33
518.23
521.08
523.88
526.63
529.33
531.98
534.59
537.16
539.68
542.17
544.61
550.57
556.31
561.86
567.22
572.42
577.46
582.35
587.10
591.73
596.23
604.90
613.15
621.03
628.58
635.82
642.77
649.46
655.91
662.12
668.13
673.94
679.55
684.99
690.26
695.36
700.31
705.11
705.40
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
HEAT OF
THE LIQUID
(BTU/LB)
424.0
429.4
434.6
439.7
444.6
449.4
454.1
458.6
463.0
467.4
471.6
475.7
479.8
483.8
487.7
491.5
495.3
499.0
502.6
506.2
509.7
513.2
516.6
520.0
523.3
526.6
529.8
533.0
536.2
539.3
542.4
550.0
557.4
565.6
571.7
578.6
585.4
592.1
598.7
605.2
611.6
624.1
636.3
648.3
660.1
671.7
683.3
694.8
706.5
718.4
730.6
743.0
756.2
770.1
785.4
802.5
825.0
872.4
902.7
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
LATENT HEAT
OF
EVAPORATION
(BTU/LB)
780.5
775.2
770.0
764.9
759.9
755.0
750.1
745.4
740.8
736.1
731.6
727.2
722.7
718.3
714.0
709.7
705.4
701.2
697.1
692.9
688.9
684.8
680.8
676.8
672.8
668.8
664.9
661.0
657.1
653.3
649.4
639.9
630.4
621.0
611.7
602.4
593.2
584.0
574.7
565.5
556.3
538.0
519.6
501.1
482.4
463.4
444.1
424.4
403.9
382.7
360.5
337.2
312.1
284.7
253.6
217.8
168.1
62.0
0.0
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
TOTAL HEAT
OF STEAM H
(BTU/LB.)
1204.5
1204.6
1204.6
1204.6
1204.5
1204.4
1204.2
1204.0
1203.8
1203.5
1203.2
1202.9
1202.5
1202.1
1201.7
1201.2
1200.7
1200.2
1199.7
1199.1
1198.6
1198.0
1197.4
1196.8
1196.1
1195.4
1194.7
1194.0
1193.3
1192.6
1191.8
1189.9
1187.8
1185.6
1183.4
1181.0
1178.6
1176.1
1173.4
1170.7
1167.9
1162.1
1155.9
1149.4
1142.4
1135.1
1127.4
1119.2
1110.4
1101.1
1091.1
1080.2
1068.3
1054.8
1039.0
1020.3
993.1
934.4
902.7
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
SPECIFIC
VOLUME
g
(CU. FT./LB.)
1.1613
1.1061
1.0556
1.0094
0.9670
0.9278
0.7815
0.8578
0.8265
0.7973
0.7698
0.7440
0.7198
0.6971
0.6757
0.6554
0.6362
0.6180
0.6007
0.5843
0.5687
0.5538
0.5396
0.5260
0.5130
0.5006
0.4886
0.4772
0.4663
0.4557
0.4456
0.4218
0.4001
0.3802
0.619
0.3450
0.3293
0.3148
0.3012
0.2884
0.2765
0.2548
0.2354
0.2179
0.2021
0.1878
0.1746
0.1625
0.1513
0.1407
0.1307
0.1213
0.1123
0.1035
0.0947
0.0858
0.0753
0.0580
0.0503
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
685
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Properties of Saturated Steam (Metric)
TEMPERATURE, °K PRESSURE, BAR
150 6.30 to 11 1.073 to 3 9.55 + 9 - 539.6 2273 - 2.187 16.54
160 170 180 190 200
210 220 230 240 250
255 260 265 270
273.15
273.15 275 280 285 290
295 300 305 310 315
320 325 330 335 340
345 350 355 360 365
370
373.15 375 380 385
390 400 410 420 430
440 450 460 470 480
490 500 510 520 530
540 550 560 570 580
590 600 610 620 625
630 635 640 645
647.31
7.72 to 10
7.29 to 9
5.38 to 8
3.23 to 7
1.62 to 6
7.01 to 6
2.65 to 5
8.91 to 5
3.72 to 4
7.59 to 4
1.23 to 3
1.96 to 3
3.06 to 3
4.69 to 3
6.11 to 3
0.00611
0.00697
0.00990
0.01387
0.01917
0.02617
0.03531
0.04712
0.06221
0.08132
0.01053
0.01351
0.01719
0.02167
0.02713
0.3372
0.4163
0.5100
0.6209
0.7514
0.9040
1.0133
1.0815
1.2869
1.5233
1.794
2.455
3.302
4.370
5.699
7.333
9.319
11.71
14.55
17.90
21.83
26.40
31.66
37.70
44.58
52.38
61.19
71.08
82.16
94.51
108.3
123.5
137.3
159.1
169.1
179.1
190.9
202.7
215.2
221.2
VOLUME, m3/kg ENTHALPY, kJ/kg ENTROPY, kJ/(kg x °K)
Condensed Vapor Condensed Vapor Condensed Vapor
1.074 to 3
1.076 to 3
1.077 to 3
1.078 to 3
1.079 to 3
1.081 to 3
1.082 to 3
1.084 to 3
1.085 to 3
1.087 to 3
1.087 to 3
1.088 to 3
1.089 to 3
1.090 to 3
1.091 to 3
1.000 to 3
1.000 to 3
1.000 to 3
1.000 to 3
1.001 to 3
1.002 to 3
1.003 to 3
1.005 to 3
1.007 to 3
1.009 to 3
1.011 to 3
1.013 to 3
1.016 to 3
1.018 to 3
1.021 to 3
1.024 to 3
1.027 to 3
1.030 to 3
1.034 to 3
1.038 to 3
1.041 to 3
1.044 to 3
1.045 to 3
1.049 to 3
1.053 to 3
1.058 to 3
1.067 to 3
1.077 to 3
1.088 to 3
1.099 to 3
1.110 to 3
1.123 to 3
1.137 to 3
1.152 to 3
1.167 to 3
1.184 to 3
1.203 to 3
1.222 to 3
1.244 to 3
1.268 to 3
1.294 to 3
1.323 to 3
1.355 to 3
1.392 to 3
1.433 to 3
1.482 to 3
1.541 to 3
1.612 to 3
1.705 to 3
1.778 to 3
1.856 to 3
1.935 to 3
2.075 to 3
2.351 to 3
3.170 to 3
9.62 + 8
1.08 + 8
1.55 + 7
2.72 + 6
5.69 + 5
1.39 + 5
3.83 + 4
1.18 + 4
4.07 + 3
1.52 + 3
956.4
612.2
400.4
265.4
206.3
206.3
181.7
130.4
99.4
69.7
51.94
39.13
27.90
22.93
17.82
13.98
11.06
8.82
7.09
5.74
4.683
3.846
3.180
2.645
2.212
1.861
1.679
1.574
1.337
1.142
0.980
0.731
0.553
0.425
0.331
0.261
0.208
0.167
0.136
0.111
0.0922
0.0776
0.0631
0.0525
0.0445
0.0375
0.0317
0.0269
0.0228
0.0193
0.0163
0.0137
0.0115
0.0094
0.0085
0.0075
0.0066
0.0057
0.0045
0.0032
- 525.7
- 511.7
- 497.8
- 483.8
- 467.5
- 451.2
- 435.0
- 416.3
- 400.1
- 318.5
- 369.8
- 360.5
- 351.2
- 339.6
- 333.5
0.00
7.80
28.8
49.8
70.7
91.6
112.5
133.4
154.3
175.2
196.1
217.0
237.9
258.8
279.8
300.7
321.7
342.7
363.7
384.7
405.8
419.1
426.8
448.0
469.2
490.4
532.9
575.6
618.6
661.8
705.3
749.2
793.5
838.2
883.4
929.1
975.6 1023 1071 1119
1170 1220 1273 1328 1384
1443 1506 1573 1647 1697
1734 1783 1841 1931 2107
2291 2310 2328 2347 2366
2384 2403 2421 2440 2459
2468 2477 2486 2496 2502
2502 2505 2514 2523 2532
2541 2550 2559 2568 2577
2586 2595 2604 2613 2622
2630 2639 2647 2655 2663
2671 2676 2679 2687 2694
2702 2716 2729 2742 2753
2764 2773 2782 2789 2795
2799 2801 2802 2801 2798
2792 2784 2772 2757 2737
2717 2682 2641 2588 2555
2515 2466 2401 2292 2107
- 2.106
- 2.026
- 1.947
- 1.868
- 1.789
- 1.711
- 1.633
- 1.555
- 1.478
- 1.400
- 1.361
- 1.323
- 1.281
- 1.296
- 1.221
0.000
0.028
0.104
0.178
0.251
0.323
0.393
0.462
0.530
0.597
0.649
0.727
0.791
0.854
0.916
0.977
1.038
1.097
1.156
1.214
1.271
1.307
1.328
1.384
1.439
1.494
1.605
1.708
1.810
1.911
2.011
2.109
2.205
2.301
2.395
2.479
2.581
2.673
2.765
2.856
2.948
3.039
3.132
3.225
3.321
3.419
3.520
3.627
3.741
3.805
3.875
3.950
4.037
4.223
4.443
15.49
14.57
13.76
16.03
12.38
11.79
11.20
10.79
10.35
9.954
9.768
9.590
9.461
9.255
9.158
9.158
9.109
8.890
8.857
8.740
8.627
8.520
8.417
8.318
8.224
8.151
8.046
7.962
7.881
7.804
7.729
7.657
7.588
7.521
7.456
7.394
7.356
7.333
7.275
7.210
7.163
7.058
6.959
6.865
6.775
6.689
6.607
6.528
6.451
6.377
6.312
6.233
6.163
6.093
6.023
5.953
5.882
5.808
5.733
5.654
5.569
5.480
5.318
5.259
5.191
5.115
5.025
4.912
4.732
4.443
686
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Properties of Superheated Steam
PRESSURE (PSI)
Absolute P’Gauge
14.696 0.0 212.00
20.0 5.3 227.96
30.0 15.3 250.33
40.0 25.3 267.25
50.0 35.3 281.01
60.0 45.3 292.71
70.0 55.3 302.92
80.0 65.3 312.03
90.0 75.3 320.27
100.0 85.3 327.81
120.0 105.3 341.25
140.0 125.3 353.02
160.0 145.3 363.53
180.0 165.3 373.06
200.0 185.3 381.79
220.0 205.3 389.86
240.0 225.3 397.37
260.0 245.3
280.0 265.3 411.05
300.0 285.3 417.33
320.0 305.3 423.29
340.0 325.3 428.97
360.0 345.3 343.40
 = specic volume, cubic feet per pound hg = total heat of steam, BTU per pound
SAT.
TEMP.
(°F)
P
hg
1221.1
hg
1220.3
16.072
hg
1218.6
12.001
h
1216.9
g
hg
1215.2
hg
1213.4
hg
1211.5
hg
1209.7
hg
1207.7
hg
1205.7
hg
1201.6
hg
1197.3
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
404.42 hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
360° 400° 440° 480° 500° 600° 700° 800° 900° 1000° 1200°
33.03
24.21
9.557
7.927
6.762
5.888
5.208
4.663
3.844
3.258
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
34.68
1239.9
25.43
1239.2
16.897
1237.9
12.628
1236.5
10.065
1235.1
8.357
1233.6
7.136
1232.1
6.220
1230.7
5.508
1229.1
4.937
1227.6
4.081
1224.4
3.468
1221.1
3.008
1217.6
2.649
1214.0
2.361
1210.3
2.125
1206.5
1.9276
1202.5
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
36.32
1258.8
26.65
1258.2
17.714
1257.0
13.247
1255.9
10.567
1254.7
8.779
1253.5
7.502
1252.3
6.544
1251.1
5.799
1249.8
5.202
1248.6
4.307
1246.0
3.667
1243.3
3.187
1240.6
2.813
1237.8
2.513
1234.9
2.267
1231.9
2.062
1228.8
1.8882
1225.7
1.7388
1222.4
1.6090
1219.1
1.4950
1215.6
1.3941
1212.1
1.3041
1208.4
37.96
1277.6
27.86
1277.1
18.528
1276.2
13.962
1275.2
11.062
1274.2
9.196
1273.2
7.863
1272.2
6.862
1271.1
6.084
1270.1
5.462
1269.0
4.527
1266.9
3.860
1264.7
3.359
1262.4
2.969
1260.2
2.656
1257.8
2.400
1255.4
2.187
1253.0
2.006
1250.5
1.8512
1247.9
1.7165
1245.3
1.5985
1242.6
1.4941
1239.9
1.4012
1237.1
TOTAL TEMPERATURE — °F
38.78
1287.1
28.46
1286.6
18.933
1285.7
14.168
1284.8
11.309
1283.9
9.403
1283.0
8.041
1282.0
7.020
1281.1
6.225
1280.1
5.589
1279.1
4.636
1277.2
3.954
1275.2
3.443
1273.1
3.044
1271.0
2.726
1268.9
2.465
1266.7
2.247
1264.5
2.063
1262.3
1.9047
1260.0
1.7675
1257.6
1.6472
1255.2
1.5410
1252.8
1.4464
1250.3
42.86
1334.8
31.47
1334.4
20.95
1333.8
15.688
1333.1
12.532
1332.5
10.427
1331.8
8.924
1331.1
7.797
1330.5
6.920
1329.8
6.218
1329.1
5.165
1327.7
4.413
1326.4
3.849
1325.0
3.411
1323.5
3.060
1322.1
2.772
1320.7
2.533
1319.2
2.330
1317.7
2.156
1316.2
2.005
1314.7
1.8734
1313.2
1.7569
1311.6
1.6533
1310.1
46.94
1383.2
34.47
1382.9
22.96
1382.4
17.198
1381.9
13.744
1381.4
11.441
1380.9
9.796
1380.4
8.562
1379.9
7.603
1379.4
6.835
1378.9
5.683
1377.8
4.861
1376.8
4.244
1375.7
3.964
1374.7
3.380
1373.6
3.066
1372.6
2.804
1371.5
2.582
1370.4
2.392
1369.4
2.227
1368.3
2.083
1367.2
1.9562
1366.1
1.8431
1365.0
51.00
1432.3
37.46
1432.1
24.96
1431.17
18.702
1431.3
14.950
1430.9
12.449
1430.5
10.662
1430.1
9.322
1429.7
8.279
1429.3
7.446
1428.9
6.195
1428.1
5.301
1427.2
4.631
1426.4
4.110
1425.6
3.693
1424.8
3.352
1424.0
3.068
1432.2
2.827
1422.3
2.621
1421.5
2.442
1420.6
2.285
1419.8
2.147
1419.0
2.025
1418.1
55.07
1482.3
40.45
1482.1
26.95
1481.8
20.20
1481.4
16.152
1481.1
13.452
1480.8
11.524
1480.5
10.077
1480.1
8.952
1479.8
8.052
1479.5
6.702
1478.8
5.738
1478.2
5.015
1477.5
4.452
1476.8
4.002
1476.2
3.634
1475.5
3.327
1474.8
3.067
1474.2
2.845
1473.5
2.652
1472.8
2.483
1472.1
2.334
1471.5
2.202
1470.8
59.13
1533.1
43.44
1533.0
28.95
1532.7
21.70
1532.4
17.352
1532.1
14.454
1531.9
12.383
1531.6
10.830
1531.3
9.623
1531.0
8.656
1530.8
7.207
1530.2
6.172
1529.7
5.396
1529.1
4.792
1528.6
4.309
1528.0
3.913
1527.5
3.584
1526.9
3.305
1526.3
3.066
1525.8
2.859
1525.2
2.678
1524.7
2.518
1524.1
2.376
1523.5
67.25
1637.5
49.41
1637.4
32.93
1637.2
24.69
1637.0
19.747
1636.8
16.451
1636.6
14.097
1636.3
12.332
1636.2
10.959
1635.9
9.860
1635.7
8.212
1635.3
7.035
1634.9
6.152
1634.5
5.466
1634.1
4.917
1633.7
4.467
1633.3
4.093
1632.9
3.776
1632.5
3.504
1632.1
3.269
1631.7
3.063
1631.3
2.881
1630.9
2.719
1630.5
- continued -
687
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Properties of Superheated Steam (continued)
PRESSURE
(PSI)
Absolute P’Gauge
380.0 365.3 439.60
400.0 385.3 444.59
420.0 405.3 449.39
440.0 425.3 454.02
460.0 445.3 458.5
480.0 465.3 462.82
500.0 485.3 467.01
520.0 505.3 471.07
540.0 525.3 475.01
560.0 545.3 478.85
580.0 565.3 482.58
600.0 585.3 486.21
620.0 605.0 489.75
640.0 625.3 493.21
660.0 645.3 496.58
680.0 665.3 499.88
700.0 685.3 503.10
750. 735.3 510.86
800.0 785.3 518.23
850.0 835.3 525.26
90.0 885.3 531.98
950.0 935.3 538.42
1000.0 985.3 544.61
 = specic volume, cubic feet per pound
hg = total heat of steam, BTU per pound
SAT.
TEMP.
°F
P
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
500° 540° 600° 640° 660° 700° 740° 800° 900° 1000° 1200°
1.3616
1247.7
1.2851
1245.1
1.2158
1242.5
1.1526
1239.8
1.0948
1237.0
1.0417
1234.2
0.9927
1231.3
0.9473
1228.3
0.9052
1225.3
0.8659
1222.2
0.8291
1219.0
0.7947
1215.7
0.7624
1212.4
0.7319
1209.0
0.7032
1205.4
0.6759
1201.8
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
1.4444
1273.1
1.3652
1271.0
1.2935
1268.9
1.2282
1266.7
1.1685
1264.5
1.1138
1262.3
1.0633
1260.0
1.0166
1257.7
0.9733
1255.4
0.9330
1253.0
0.8954
1250.5
0.8602
1248.1
0.8272
1245.5
0.7963
1243.0
0.7670
1240.4
0.7395
1237.7
0.7134
1235.0
0.6540
1227.9
0.6015
1220.5
0.5546
1212.7
0.5124
1204.4
0.4740
1195.5
- - -
- -
1.5605
1308.5
1.4770
1306.9
1.4014
1305.3
1.3327
1303.6
1.2698
1302.0
1.2122
1300.3
1.1591
1298.6
1.1101
1296.9
1.0646
1295.2
1.0224
1293.4
0.9830
1291.7
0.9463
1289.9
0.9118
1288.1
0.8795
1296.2
0.8491
1284.4
0.8205
1282.5
0.7934
1280.6
0.7319
1275.7
0.6779
1270.7
0.6301
1265.5
0.5873
1260.1
0.5489
1254.6
0.5140
1248.8
1.6345
1331.0
1.5480
1329.6
1.4697
1328.3
1.3984
1326.9
1.3334
1325.4
1.2737
1324.0
1.2188
1322.6
1.1681
1321.1
1.1211
1319.7
1.0775
1318.2
1.0368
1316.7
0.9988
1315.2
0.9633
1313.7
0.9299
1312.2
0.8985
1310.6
0.8690
1309.1
0.8411
1307.5
0.7778
1303.5
0.7223
1299.4
0.6732
1295.2
0.6294
1290.9
0.5901
1286.4
0.5546
1281.9
TOTAL TEMPERATURE — °F
1.6707
1342.0
1.5827
1340.8
1.5030
1339.5
1.4306
1338.2
1.3644
1336.9
1.3038
1335.6
1.2478
1334.2
1.1962
1332.9
1.1485
1331.5
1.1041
1330.2
1.0627
1328.8
1.0241
1327.4
0.9880
1326.0
0.9541
1324.6
0.9222
1323.2
0.8922
1321.7
0.8639
1320.3
0.7996
1316.6
0.7433
1312.9
0.6934
1309.0
0.6491
1305.1
0.6092
1301.1
0.5733
1297.0
1.7419
1363.8
1.6508
1362.7
1.5684
1361.6
1.4934
1360.4
1.4250
1359.3
1.3622
1358.2
1.3044
1357.0
1.2511
1355.8
1.2017
1354.6
1.1558
1353.5
1.1331
1352.3
1.0732
1351.1
1.0358
1349.9
1.0008
1348.6
0.9679
1347.4
0.9369
1346.2
0.9077
1345.0
0.8414
1341.8
0.7833
1338.6
0.7320
1335.4
0.6863
1332.1
0.6453
1328.7
0.6084
1325.3
1.8118
1385.3
1.7177
1384.3
1.6324
1383.3
1.5549
1382.3
1.4842
1381.3
1.4193
1380.3
1.3596
1379.3
1.3045
1378.2
1.2535
1377.2
1.2060
1376.1
1.1619
1375.1
1.1207
1374.0
1.0821
1373.0
1.0459
1371.9
1.0119
1370.8
0.9800
1369.8
0.9498
1368.7
0.8813
1366.0
0.8215
1363.2
0.7685
1360.4
0.7215
1357.5
0.6793
1354.7
0.6413
1351.7
1.9149
1417.3
1.8161
1416.4
1.7267
1415.5
1.6454
1414.7
1.5711
1413.8
1.5031
1412.9
1.4405
1412.1
1.3826
1411.2
1.3291
1410.3
1.2794
1409.4
1.2331
1408.6
1.1899
1407.7
1.1494
1406.8
1.1115
1405.9
1.0759
1405.0
1.0424
1404.1
1.0108
1403.2
0.9391
1400.9
0.8763
1398.6
0.8209
1396.3
0.7716
1393.9
0.7275
1391.6
0.6878
1389.2
2.083
1470.1
1.9767
1469.4
1.8802
1468.7
1.7925
1468.1
1.7124
1467.4
1.6390
1466.7
1.5715
1466.0
1.5091
1465.3
1.4514
1464.6
1.3978
1463.9
1.3479
1463.2
1.3013
1462.5
1.2577
1461.8
1.2168
1461.1
1.1784
1460.4
1.1423
1459.7
1.1082
1459.0
1.0310
1457.2
0.9633
1455.4
0.9037
1453.6
0.8506
1451.8
0.8031
1450.0
0.7604
1448.2
2.249
1523.0
2.134
1522.4
2.031
1521.9
1.9368
1521.3
1.8508
1520.7
1.7720
1520.2
1.6996
1519.6
1.636
1519.0
1.5707
1518.5
1.5132
1517.9
1.4596
1517.3
1.4096
1516.7
1.3628
1516.2
1.3190
1515.6
1.2778
1515.0
1.2390
1514.5
1.2024
1513.9
1.1196
1512.4
1.0470
1511.0
0.9830
1509.5
0.9262
1508.1
0.8753
1506.6
0.8294
1505.1
2.575
1630.0
2.445
1629.6
2.327
1629.2
2.220
1628.8
2.122
1628.4
2.033
1628.0
1.9504
1627.6
1.8743
1627.2
1.8039
1626.8
1.7385
1626.4
1.6776
1626.0
1.6208
1625.5
1.5676
1625.1
1.5178
1624.7
1.4709
1624.3
1.4269
1623.9
1.3853
1623.5
1.2912
1622.4
1.2088
1621.4
1.1360
1620.4
1.0714
1619.3
1.0136
1618.3
0.9615
1617.3
- continued -
688
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Properties of Superheated Steam (continued)
PRESSURE
(PSI)
Absolute
1200.0 1185.3 567.22
1300.0 1285.3 577.46
1400.0 1385.3 587.10
1500.0 1485.3 596.23
1600.0 1585.3 604.90
1700.0 1685.3 613.15
1800.0 1785.3 621.03
1900.0 1885.3 628.58
2000.0 1985.3 635.82
2100.0 2085.3 642.77
2200.0 2185.3 649.46
2300.0 2285.3 655.91
2400.0 2385.3 662.12
2500.0 2485.3 668.13
2600.0 2585.3 673.94
2700.0 2685.3 679.55
2800.0 2785.3 684.99
2900.0 2885.3 690.26
3000.0 2985.3 695.36
3100.0 3085.3 700.31
3200.0 3185.3 705.11
3206.2 3191.5 705.40
 = specic volume, cubic feet per pound
hg = total heat of steam, BTU per pound
Gauge 660° 700° 740° 760° 780° 800° 860° 900° 1000° 1100° 1200°
P’
1100.0 1085.3 556.31
SAT.
TEMP.
°F
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
hg
0.5110
1288.5
0.4586
1279.6
0.4139
1270.2
0.3753
1260.3
0.3413
1249.8
0.3112
1238.7
0.2842
1226.8
0.2597
1214.0
0.2371
1200.2
0.2161
1184.9
0.1962
1167.7
0.1768
1147.8
0.1575
1123.8
- - - -
- - - -
- - -
- - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - -
- - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - -
- - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - -
- - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - -
- - -
0.5445
1318.3
0.4909
1311.0
0.4454
1303.4
0.4062
1295.5
0.3719
1287.2
0.3417
1278.7
0.3148
1269.7
0.2907
1260.3
0.2688
1250.4
0.2489
1240.0
0.2306
1229.0
0.2135
1217.4
0.1978
1204.9
0.1828
1191.5
0.1686
1176.8
0.1549
1160.6
0.1415
1142.5
0.1281
1121.4
0.1143
1095.9
0.0984
1060.7
- - - -
- - - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
0.5755
1345.8
0.5206
1339.6
0.4739
1333.3
0.4338
1326.7
0.3989
1320.0
0.3682
1313.0
0.3410
1305.8
0.3166
1298.4
0.2947
1290.6
0.2748
1282.6
0.2567
1274.3
0.2400
1265.7
0.2247
1256.7
0.2105
1247.3
0.1973
1207.6
0.1849
1227.3
0.1732
1216.5
0.1622
1205.1
0.1517
1193.0
0.1416
1180.1
0.1320
1166.2
0.1226
1151.1
0.1220
1150.2
0.5904
1358.9
0.5347
1353.2
0.4874
1347.3
0.4468
1341.3
0.4114
1335.2
0.3804
1328.8
0.3529
1322.3
0.3284
1315.5
0.3063
1308.6
0.2863
1301.4
0.2682
1294.0
0.2514
1286.3
0.2362
1278.4
0.2221
1270.2
0.2090
1261.8
0.1967
1252.9
0.1853
1243.8
0.1745
1234.2
0.1644
1224.3
0.1548
1213.8
0.1456
1202.9
0.1369
1191.4
0.1363
1190.6
TOTAL TEMPERATURE — °F (t)
0.6049
1371.7
0.5484
1366.4
0.5004
1361.0
0.4593
1355.4
0.4235
1349.7
0.3921
1343.9
0.3643
1337.9
0.3395
1331.8
0.3171
1325.4
0.2972
1319.0
0.2789
1312.3
0.2621
1305.4
0.2468
1298.4
0.2327
1291.1
0.2196
1283.6
0.2074
1275.8
0.1960
1267.9
0.1854
1259.6
0.1754
1251.1
0.1660
1242.2
0.1571
1233.0
0.1486
1223.5
0.1480
1222.9
0.6191
1384.3
0.5617
1379.3
0.5131
1374.3
0.4714
1369.1
0.4352
1363.8
0.4034
1358.4
0.3753
1352.9
0.3502
1347.2
0.3277
1341.5
0.3074
1335.5
0.2890
1329.5
0.2721
1323.3
0.2567
1316.9
0.2425
1310.3
0.2294
1303.6
0.2172
1296.8
0.2059
1289.7
0.1953
1282.4
0.1853
1274.9
0.1760
1267.2
0.1672
1259.3
0.1589
1251.1
0.1583
1250.5
0.6601
1420.8
0.6003
1416.7
0.5496
1412.5
0.5061
1408.2
0.4684
1403.9
0.4353
1399.5
0.4061
1395.0
0.3801
1390.4
0.3568
1385.8
0.3358
1381.2
0.3167
1376.4
0.2994
1371.5
0.2835
1366.6
0.2689
1361.6
0.2555
1356.5
0.2431
1351.4
0.2315
1346.1
0.2208
1340.8
0.2108
1335.3
0.2014
1329.7
0.1926
1324.1
0.1843
1318.3
0.1838
1317.9
0.6866
1444.5
0.6250
1440.7
0.5728
1437.0
0.5281
1433.1
0.4893
1429.3
0.4553
1425.3
0.4253
1421.4
0.3986
1417.4
0.3747
1413.3
0.3532
1409.2
0.3337
1405.0
0.3159
1400.8
0.2997
1396.5
0.2848
1392.2
0.2710
1387.8
0.2584
1383.4
0.2466
1378.9
0.2356
1374.3
0.2254
1369.7
0.2159
1365.0
0.2070
1360.3
0.1986
1355.5
0.1981
1355.2
0.7503
1502.2
0.6843
1499.2
0.6284
1496.2
0.5805
1493.2
0.5390
1490.1
0.5027
1487.0
0.4706
1484.0
0.4421
1480.8
0.4165
1477.7
0.3935
1474.5
0.3727
1471.4
0.3538
1468.2
0.3365
1464.9
0.3207
1461.7
0.3061
1458.4
0.2926
1455.1
0.2801
1451.8
0.2685
1448.5
0.2577
1445.1
0.2476
1441.8
0.2382
1438.4
0.2293
1434.9
0.2288
1434.7
0.8117
1558.8
0.7412
1556.4
0.6816
1553.9
0.6305
1551.4
0.5862
1548.9
0.5474
1546.4
0.5132
1543.8
0.4828
1541.3
0.4556
1538.8
0.4311
1536.2
0.4089
1533.6
0.3887
1531.1
0.3703
1528.5
0.3534
1525.9
0.3379
1523.2
0.3236
1520.6
0.3103
1518.0
0.2979
1515.4
0.2864
1512.7
0.2757
1510.0
0.2657
1507.4
0.2563
1504.7
0.2557
1504.5
0.8716
1615.2
0.7967
1613.1
0.7333
1611.0
0.6789
1608.9
0.6318
1606.8
0.5906
1604.6
0.5542
1602.5
0.5218
1600.4
0.4929
1598.2
0.4668
1596.1
0.4433
1593.9
0.4218
1591.8
0.4023
1589.6
0.3843
1587.4
0.3678
1585.3
0.3526
1583.1
0.3385
1580.9
0.3254
1578.7
0.3132
1576.5
0.3018
1574.3
0.2911
1572.1
0.2811
1569.9
0.2806
1569.8
689
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Determine Velocity of Steam in Pipes:
Velocity (ft/s) =
Where: A = Nominal pipe section area = d = Diameter
(25) (A)
(V)
π (d)
4
2
V = Specic volume from steam tables in ft3/lb (m3/kg) Note: Specic volume changes with steam pressure and
temperature. Make sure to calculate velocities of inlet and outlet
Recommended Steam Pipe Line Velocities
STEAM CONDITION
0 to 15 psig (0 to 1,0 bar),                     
Dry and saturated
15 psig (1,0 bar),                                    
Dry and saturated and up
200 psig (13,8 bar),                                
Superheated and up
VELOCITY, FEET/SECOND
(METERS/SECOND)
piping of the regulator.
Typical Condensation Rates In Insulated Steam Pipes
PRESSURE,
PSIG (bar)
1 (0,069) 0.02 (0,009) 0.03 (0,014) 0.03 (0,014) 0.04 (0,018) 0.05 (0,023) 0.06 (0,027)
5 (0,34) 0.03 (0,014) 0.03 (0,014) 0.04 (0,018) 0.04 (0,018) 0.05 (0,023) 0.06 (0,027)
10 (0,69) 0.03 (0,014) 0.03 (0,014) 0.04 (0,018) 0.04 (0,018) 0.05 (0,023) 0.07 (0,032)
25 (1,7) 0.03 (0,014) 0.04 (0,018) 0.05 (0,023) 0.05 (0,023) 0.06 (0,027) 0.08 (0,036)
50 (3,4) 0.04 (0,018) 0.04 (0,018) 0.05 (0,023) 0.06 (0,027) 0.09 (0,041) 0.11 (0,05)
75 (5,2) 0.04 (0,018) 0.05 (0,023) 0.06 (0,027) 0.07 (0,032) 0.11 (0,05) 0.14 (0,064)
100 (6,9) 0.05 (0,023) 0.05 (0,023) 0.07 (0,032) 0.08 (0,036) 0.12 (0,054) 0.15 (0,068)
125 (8,6) 0.05 (0,023) 0.06 (0,027) 0.07 (0,032) 0.08 (0,036) 0.13 (0,059) 0.16 (0,073)
150 (10,3) 0.06 (0,027) 0.06 (0,027) 0.08 (0,036) 0.09 (0,041) 0.14 (0,064) 0.17 (0,077)
200 (13,8) 0.06 (0,027) 0.07 (0,032) 0.08 (0,036) 0.09 (0,041) 0.15 (0,068) 0.19 (0,086)
3/4 1 1-1/2 2 3 4
RATES IN POUNDS/HOUR (KG/HOUR) PER FOOT OF PIPE WITH 2-INCHES OF INSULATION
Pipe Diameter in Inches
100 (30,5)
175 (53,3)
250 (76,2)
Typical Condensation Rates In Steam Pipes Without Insulation
PRESSURE,
PSIG (bar)
1 (0,069) 0.11 (0,05) 0.15 (0,068) 0.21 (0,095) 0.25 (0,113) 0.38 (0,172) 0.46 (0,209)
5 (0,34) 0.14 (0,064) 0.16 (0,073) 0.22 (0,1) 0.26 (0,118) 0.41 (0,186) 0.50 (0,227)
10 (0,69) 0.15 (0,068) 0.18 (0,082) 0.24 (0,109) 0.29 (0,132) 0.44 (0,2) 0.53 (0,24)
25 (1,7) 0.17 (0,077) 0.22 (0,1) 0.31 (0,141) 0.36 (0,163) 0.53 (0,24) 0.65 (0,295)
50 (3,4) 0.22 (0,1) 0.27 (0,122) 0.39 (0,177) 0.46 (0,209) 0.66 (0,299) 0.83 (0,376)
75 (5,2) 0.26 (0,118) 0.31 (0,141) 0.45 (0,204) 0.54 (0,245) 0.77 (0,349) 1.04 (0,472)
100 (6,9) 0.29 (0,132) 0.35 (0,159) 0.50 (0,227) 0.61 (0,277) 0.86 (0,39) 1.11 (0,503)
125 (8,6) 0.32 (0,145) 0.39 (0,177) 0.55 (0,249) 0.68 (0,308) 0.94 (0,426) 1.23 (0,558)
150 (10,3) 0.35 (0,159) 0.42 (0,191) 0.60 (0,272) 0.74 (0,336) 1.03 (0,467) 1.33 (0,603)
200 (13,8) 0.40 (0,181) 0.49 (0,222) 0.69 (0,313) 0.81 (0,367) 1.19 (0,54) 1.50 (0,68)
3/4 1 1-1/2 2 3 4
RATES IN POUNDS/HOUR (KG/HOUR) PER FOOT OF BARE PIPE AT 72°F (22°C) AMBIENT AIR
Pipe Diameter in Inches
690
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Flow of Water Through Schedule 40 Steel Pipes
DISCHARGE PRESSURE DROP PER 100 FEET AND VELOCITY IN SCHEDULE 40 PIPE FOR WATER AT 60°F
Gallons
Minute
Cubic
Velocity
Pressure
Velocity
Pressure
Velocity
Pressure
Velocity
Pressure
Velocity
Pressure
Velocity
Pressure
Velocity
Pressure
per
Ft. per
Second
0.2 0.000446 1.13 1.86 0.616 0.359
0.3 0.000668 1.69 4.22 0.924 0.903 0.504 0.159 0.317 0.061
0.4 0.000891 2.26 6.98 1.23 1.61 0.672 0.345 0.422 0.086
0.5 0.00111 2.82 10.5 1.54 2.39 0.840 0.539 0.528 0.167 0.301 0.033
0.6 0.00134 3.39 14.7 1.85 3.29 1.01 0.751 0.633 0.240 0.361 0.041
0.8 0.00178 4.52 25.0 2.46 5.44 1.34 1.25 0.844 0.408 0.481 0.102
1 0.00223 5.65 37.2 3.08 8.28 1.68 1.85 1.06 0.600 0.602 0.155 0.371 0.048 1-1/4-Inch
3 0.00668 9.25 64.1 5.04 13.9 3.17 4.33 1.81 1.09 1.114 0.336 0.644 0.090 0.473 0.043
4 0.00891 12.33 111.2 6.72 23.9 4.22 7.42 2.41 1.83 1.49 0.565 0.858 0.150 0.630 0.071
5 0.01114 2-Inch 8.40 36.7 5.28 11.2 3.01 2.75 1.86 0.835 1.073 0.223 0.788 0.104
6 0.01337 0.574 0.044
8 0.01782 0.765 0.073 13.44 91.1 8.45 27.7 4.81 6.60 2.97 1.99 1.72 0.518 1.26 0.241
10 0.02228 0.956 0.108 0.670 0.046
15 0.03342 1.43 0.224 1.01 0.094
20 0.04456 1.91 3.375 1.34 0.158 0.868 0.056 12.03 37.8 7.43 10.9 4.29 2.78 3.16 1.28
25 0.05570 2.39 0.561 1.68 0.234 1.09 0.083 0.812 0.041
30 0.06684 2.87 0.786 2.01 0.327 1.30 0.114 0.974 0.056 11.14 23.8 6.44 5.92 4.73 2.72
35 0.07798 3.35 1.05 2.35 0.436 1.52 0.151 1.14 0.071 0.882 0.041 12.99 32.2 7.51 7.90 5.52 3.64
40 0.08912 3.83 1.35 2.68 0.556 1.74 0.192 1.30 0.095 1.01 0.052 14.85 41.5 8.59 10.24 6.30 4.65
45 0.1003 4.30 1.67 3.02 0.668 1.95 0.239 1.46 0.117 1.13 0.064 9.67 12.80 7.09 5.85
50 0.1114 4.78 2.03 3.35 0.839 2.17 0.288 1.62 0.142 1.26 0.076
60 0.1337 5.74 2.87 4.02 1.18 2.60 0.46 1.95 0.204 1.51 0.107 12.89 22.2 9.47 10.21
70 0.1560 6.70 3.84 4.69 1.59 3.04 0.540 2.27 0.261 1.76 0.143 1.12 0.047
80 0.1782 7.65 4.97 5.36 2.03 3.47 0.687 2.60 0.334 2.02 0.180 1.28 0.060 12.62 17.59
90 0.2005 8.60 6.20 6.03 2.53 3.91 0.861 2.92 0.416 2.27 0.224 1.44 0.074 14.20 22.0
100 0.2228 9.56 7.59 6.70 3.09 4.34 1.05 3.25 0.509 2.52 0.272 1.60 0.090 1.11 0.036 15.778 26.9
125 0.2785 11.97 11.76 8.38 4.71 5.43 1.61 4.06 0.769 3.15 0.415 2.01 0.135 1.39 0.055 19.72 41.4
150 0.3342 14.36 16.70 10.05 6.69 6.51 2.24 4.87 1.08 3.78 0.580 2.41 0.190 1.67 0.077
175 0.3899 16.75 22.3 11.73 8.97 7.60 3.00 5.68 1.44 4.41 0.774 2.81 0.253 1.94 0.102
200 0.4456 19.14 28.8 13.42 11.68 8.68 3.87 6.49 1.85 5.04 0.985 3.21 0.323 2.22 0.130
225 0.5013 - - - - - - - - 15.09 14.63 9.77 4.83 7.30 2.32 5.67 1.23 3.61 0.401 2.50 0.162 1.44 0.043
250 0.557 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10.85 5.93 8.12 2.84 6.30 1.46 4.01 0.495 2.78 0.195 1.60 0.051
275 0.6127 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11.94 7.14 8.93 3.40 6.93 1.79 4.41 0.583 3.05 0.234 1.76 0.061
300 0.6684 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13.00 8.36 9.74 4.02 7.56 2.11 4.81 0.683 3.33 0.275 1.92 0.072
325 0.7241 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14.12 9.89 10.53 4.09 8.19 2.47 5.21 0.797 3.61 0.320 2.08 0.083
350 0.7798 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11.36 5.51 8.82 2.84 5.62 0.919 3.89 0.367 2.24 0.095
375 0.8355 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12.17 6.18 9.45 3.25 6.02 10.5 4.16 0.416 2.40 0.108
400 0.8912 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12.98 7.03 10.08 3.68 6.42 1.19 4.44 0.471 2.56 0.121
425 0.9469 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13.80 7.89 10.71 4.12 6.82 1.33 4.72 0.529 2.73 0.136
450 1.003 10-Inch - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14.61 8.80 11.34 4.60 7.22 1.48 5.00 0.590 2.89 0.151
475 1.059 1.93 0.054 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11.97 5.12 7.62 1.64 5.27 0.653 3.04 0.166
500 1.114 2.03 0.059 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12.60 5.65 8.02 1.81 5.55 0.720 3.21 0.182
550 1.225 2.24 0.071 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13.85 6.79 8.82 2.17 6.11 0.861 3.53 0.219
600 1.337 2.44 0.083 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15.12 8.04 9.63 2.55 6.66 1.02 3.85 0.258
650 1.448 2.64 0.097 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10.43 2.98 7.22 1.18 4.17 0.301
(Ft. per
Second)
Drop
(Ft. per
(PSI)
Second)
1/8-Inch 1/4-Inch
2-1/2-Inch
Drop (PSI)
(Ft. per
Second)
Drop
(Ft. per
(PSI)
Second)
3/8-Inch 1/2-Inch
10.08 51.9 6.33 15.8 3.61 3.84 2.23 1.17 1.29 0.309 0.943 0.145
3-Inch
Drop
(Ft. per
(PSI)
Second)
10.56 42.4 6.02 9.99 3.71 2.99 2.15 0.774 1.58 0.361
3-1/2-Inch
Drop
(Ft. per
(PSI)
Second)
3/4-Inch
9.03 21.6 5.57 6.36 3.22 1.63 2.37 0.755
4-Inch
Drop
(Ft. per
(PSI)
Second)
1-inch
9.28 16.7 5.37 4.22 3.94 1.93
5-Inch
10.74 15.66 7.88 7.15
6-Inch
Drop (PSI)
Velocity
(Ft. per
Second)
1-1/2-Inch2 0.00446 11.29 134.4 6.16 30.1 3.36 6.58 2.11 2.10 1.20 0.526 0.743 0.164 0.429 0.044
11.05 13.71
8-Inch
Pressure
Drop (PSI)
- continued -
691
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Flow of Water Through Schedule 40 Steel Pipes (continued)
DISCHARGE PRESSURE DROP PER 100 FEET AND VELOCITY IN SCHEDULE 40 PIPE FOR WATER AT 60°F
Gallons
Minute
10,000 22.28 - - - - - - - - 28.66 7.46 23.71 4.61 18.15 2.34 14.34 1.28 11.54 0.739 7.98 0.294 - - - - - - - -
12,000 26.74 - - - - - - - - 34.40 10.7 28.45 6.59 21.79 3.33 17.21 1.83 13.85 1.06 9.58 0.416 - - - - - - - -
14,000 31.19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 33.19 8.89 25.42 4.49 20.08 2.45 16.16 1.43 11.17 0.562 - - - - - - - -
16,000 35.65 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29.05 5.83 22.95 3.18 18.47 1.85 12.77 0.723 - - - - - - - -
18,000 40.10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32.68 7.31 25.82 4.03 20.77 2.32 14.36 0.907 - - - - - - - -
20,000 44.56 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 36.31 9.03 28.69 4.93 23.08 2.86 15.96 1.12 - - - - - - - -
  For pipe lengths other than 100 feet, the pressure drop is proportional to the length.  Thus, for 50 feet of pipe, the pressure drop is approximately one half the value given in the table or 300 feet,                    three times the given value, etc.   Velocity is a function of the cross sectional ow area; thus, it is constant for a given ow rate and is independent of pipe length.   Extracted from Technical Paper No. 410, Flow of Fluids, with permission of Crane Co.
Cubic
Velocity
Pressure
Velocity
Pressure
Velocity
Pressure
Velocity
Pressure
Velocity
Pressure
Velocity
Pressure
Velocity
Pressure
Velocity
per
Ft. per
Second
700 1.560 2.85 0.112 2.01 0.047 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11.23 3.43 7.78 1.35 4.49 0.343
750 1.671 3.05 0.127 2.15 0.054 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12.03 3.92 8.33 1.55 4.81 0.392
800 1.782 3.25 0.143 2.29 0.061 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12.83 4.43 8.88 1.75 5.13 0.443
850 1.894 3.46 0.160 2.44 0.068 2.02 0.042 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13.64 5.00 9.44 1.96 5.45 0.497
900 2.005 3.66 0.179 2.58 0.075 2.13 0.047 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14.44 5.58 9.99 2.18 5.77 0.554
950 2.117 3.86 0.198 2.72 0.083 2.25 0.052 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15.24 6.21 10.55 2.42 6.09 0.613
1000 2.228 4.07 0.218 2.87 0.091 2.37 0.057
1100 2.451 4.48 0.260 3.15 0.110 2.61 0.068 - - - - - - - - 17.65 8.23 12.22 3.22 7.05 0.807
1200 2.674 4.88 0.306 3.44 0.128 2.85 0.800 2.18 0.042 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13.33 3.81 7.70 0.948
1300 2.896 5.29 0.355 3.73 0.150 3.08 0.093 2.36 0.048 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14.43 4.45 8.33 1.11
1400 3.119 5.70 0.409 4.01 0.171 3.32 0.107 2.54 0.055 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15.55 5.13 8.98 1.28
1500 3.342 6.10 0.466 4.30 0.195 3.56 0.122 2.72 0.063
1600 3.565 6.51 0.527 4.59 0.219 3.79 0.138 2.90 0.071 17.77 6.61 10.26 1.65
1800 4.010 7.32 0.663 5.16 0.276 4.27 0.172 3.27 0.088 2.58 0.050 19.99 8.37 11.54 2.08
2000 4.456 8.14 0.808 5.73 0.339 4.74 0.209 3.63 0.107 2.87 0.060 22.21 10.3 12.82 2.55
2500 5.570 10.17 1.24 7.17 0.515 5.93 0.321 4.54 0.163 3.59 0.091 16.03 3.94
3000 6.684 12.20 1.76 8.60 0.731 7.11 0.451 5.45 0.232 4.30 0.129 3.46 0.075
3500 7.798 14.24 2.38 10.03 0.982 8.30 0.607 6.35 0.312 5.02 0.173 4.04 0.101 22.44 7.56
4000 8.912 16.27 3.08 11.47 1.27 9.48 0.787 7.26 0.401 5.74 0.222 4.62 0.129 3.19 0.052 25.65 9.80
4500 10.03 18.31 3.87 12.90 1.60 10.67 0.990 8.17 0.503 6.46 0.280 5.20 0.162 3.59 0.065 28.87 12.2
5000 11.14 20.35 7.71 14.33 1.95 11.85 1.21 9.08 0.617 7.17 0.340 5.77 0.199 3.99 0.079 - - - - - - - -
6000 13.37 24.41 6.74 17.20 2.77 14.23 1.71 10.89 0.877 8.61 0.483 6.93 0.280 4.79 0.111 - - - - - - - -
7000 15.60 28.49 9.11 20.07 3.74 16.60 2.31 12.71 1.18 10.04 0.652 8.08 0.376 5.59 0.150 - - - - - - - -
8000 17.82 - - - - - - - - 22.93 4.84 18.96 2.99 14.52 1.51 11.47 0.839 9.23 0.488 6.38 0.192 - - - - - - - -
9000 20.05 - - - - - - - - 25.79 6.09 21.34 3.76 16.34 1.90 12.91 1.05 10.39 0.608 7.18 0.242 - - - - - - - -
(Ft. per
Second)
Drop
(Ft. per
(PSI)
Second)
10-Inch 12-Inch
Drop (PSI)
(Ft. per
Second)
14-Inch
Drop (PSI)
(Ft. per
Second)
16-Inch
Drop
(PSI)
(Ft. per
Second)
Drop
(Ft. per
(PSI)
Second)
- - - - - - - - 16.04 6.84 11.10 2.68 6.41 0.675
18-Inch
Drop
(Ft. per
(PSI)
Second)
5-Inch 6-Inch 8-Inch
20-Inch
Drop (PSI)
16.66 5.85 9.62 1.46
24-Inch
Pressure
(Ft. per
Second)
19.24 5.59
Drop (PSI)
692
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Flow of Air Through Schedule 40 Steel Pipes
FREE AIR
Q
Cubic Feet per
Minute at 60°F
and 14.7 psia
100 12.82 0.029 3-Inch 33.2 7.69 2.21 0.534 0.247 0.070
125 16.02 0.044 - - - - 11.9 3.39 0.825 0.380 0.107
150 19.22 0.062 0.021 - - - - 17.0 4.87 1.17 0.537 0.151
175 22.43 0.083 0.028 3-1/2-Inch - - - - 23.1 6.60 1.58 0.727 0.205
200 25.63 0.107 0.036 - - - - 30.0 8.54 2.05 0.937 0.264
225 28.84 0.134 0.045 0.022
250 32.04 0.164 0.055 0.027 - - - - 13.3 3.18 1.45 0.404
275 35.24 0.191 0.066 0.032 - - - - 16.0 3.83 1.75 0.484
300 38.45 0.232 0.078 0.037 - - - - 19.0 4.56 2.07 0.573
325 41.65 0.270 0.090 0.043 - - - - 22.3 5.32 2.42 0.673
350 44.87 0.313 0.104 0.050 - - - - 25.8 6.17 2.80 0.776
375 48.06 0.356 0.119 0.057 0.030 - - - - 29.6 7.05 3.20 0.887
400 51.26 0.402 0.134 0.064 0.034 - - - - 33.6 8.02 3.64 1.00
425 54.47 0.452 0.151 0.072 0.038 - - - - 37.9 9.01 4.09 1.13
450 57.67 0.507 0.168 0.081 0.042 - - - - - - - - 10.2 4.59 1.26
475 60.88 0.562 0.187 0.089 0.047 - - - - 11.3 5.09 1.40
500 64.08 0.623 0.206 0.099 0.052 - - - - 12.5 5.61 1.55
550 70.49 0.749 0.248 0.118 0.062 - - - - 15.1 6.79 1.87
600 76.90 0.887 0.293 0.139 0.073 5-Inch - - - - 18.0 8.04 2.21
650 83.30 1.04 0.342 0.163 0.086 - - - - 21.1 9.43 2.60
700 89.71 1.19 0.395 0.188 0.099 0.032 24.3 10.9 3.00
750 96.12 1.36 0.451 0.214 0.113 0.036 27.9 12.6 3.44
800 102.5 1.55 0.513 0.244 0.127 0.041 31.8 14.2 3.90
850 108.9 1.74 0.576 0.274 0.144 0.046 6-Inch 35.9 16.0 4.40
900 115.3 1.95 0.642 0.305 0.160 0.051 40.2 18.0 4.91
950 121.8 2.18 0.715 0.340 0.178 0.057 0.023 - - - - 20.0 5.47
1,000 128.2 2.40 0.788 0.375 0.197 0.063 0.025 - - - - 22.1 6.06
1,100 141.0 2.89 0.948 0.451 0.236 0.075 0.030 - - - - 26.7 7.29
1,200 153.8 3.44 1.13 0.533 0.279 0.089 0.035 - - - - 31.8 8.63
1,300 166.6 4.01 1.32 0.626 0.327 0.103 0.041 - - - - 37.3 10.1
COMPRESSED
’M
1 0.128 0.361 0.083 0.018
2 0.256 1.31 0.285 0.064 0.020
3 0.384 3.06 0.605 0.133 0.042
4 0.513 4.83 1.04 0.226 0.071
5 0.641 7.45 1.58 0.343 0.106 0.027
6 0.769 10.6 2.23 0.408 0.148 0.037
8 1.025 18.6 3.89 0.848 0.255 0.062 0.019
10 0.282 28.7 5.96 1.26 0.356 0.094 0.029
15 1.922 - - - - 13.0 2.73 0.834 0.201 0.062
20 2.563 - - - - 22.8 4.76 1.43 0.345 0.102 0.026
25 3.204 - - - - 35.6 7.34 2.21 0.526 0.156 0.039 0.019
30 3.845 - - - - - - - - 10.5 3.15 0.748 0.219 0.055 0.026
35 4.486 - - - - - - - - 14.2 4.24 1.00 0.293 0.073 0.035
40 5.126 - - - - - - - - 18.4 5.49 1.30 0.379 0.095 0.044
45 5.767 - - - - - - - - 23.1 6.90 1.62 0.474 0.116 0.055
50 6.408
60 7.690 40.7 12.2 2.85 0.819 0.200 0.094 0.027
70 8.971 - - - - 16.5 3.83 1.10 0.270 0.126 0.036
80 10.25 0.019 - - - - 21.4 4.96 1.43 0.350 0.162 0.046
90 11.53 0.023 - - - - 27.0 6.25 1.80 0.437 0.203 0.058
AIR
Cubic Feet per
Minute at 60°F
and 100 psig
1/8-Inch 1/4-Inch 3/8-Inch 1/2-Inch 3/4-Inch 1-Inch 1-1/4-Inch 1-1/2-Inch 2-Inch
2-1/2-Inch
PRESSURE DROP OF AIR IN POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH
PER 100 FEET OF SCHEDULE 40 PIPE FOR AIR AT 100 POUNDS
PER SQUARE INCH GAUGE PRESSURE AND 60°F TEMPERATURE
28.5 8.49 1.99 0.578 0.149 0.067 0.019
37.9 10.8 2.59 1.19 0.331
4-Inch
- continued -
693
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Flow of Air Through Schedule 40 Steel Pipes (continued)
FREE AIR
Q
Cubic Feet per
Minute at 60°F
and 14.7 psia
1,400  179.4 4.65 1.52 0.718 0.377 0.119 0.047 11.8
1,500 192.2 5.31 1.74 0.824 0.431 0.136 0.054 13.5
1,600 205.1 6.04 1.97 0.932 0.490 0.154 0.061 15.3
1,800 230.7 7.65 2.50 1.18 0.616 0.193 0.075 19.3
2,000 256.3 9.44 3.06 1.45 0.757 0.237 0.094 0.023 23.9
2,500 320.4 14.7 4.76 2.25 1.17 0.366 0.143 0.035 37.3
3,000 384.5 21.1 6.82 3.20 1.67 0.524 0.204 0.051 0.016
3,500 448.6 28.8 9.23 4.33 2.26 0.709 0.276 0.068 0.022
4,000 512.6 37.6 12.1 5.66 2.94 0.919 0.358 0.088 0.028 12-Inch
4,500 576.7 47.6 15.3 7.16 3.69 1.16 0.450 0.111 0.035
5,000 640.8 - - - - 18.8 8.85 4.56 1.42 0.552 0.136 0.043 0.018
6,000 769.0 - - - - 27.1 12.7 6.57 2.03 0.794 0.195 0.061 0.025
7,000 897.1 - - - - 36.9 17.2 8.94 2.76 1.07 0.262 0.082 0.034
8,000 1025 - - - - - - - - 22.5 11.7 3.59 1.39 0.339 0.107 0.044
9,000 1153 - - - - - - - - 28.5 14.9 4.54 1.76 0.427 0.134 0.055
10,000 1282 - - - - - - - - 35.2 18.4 5.60 2.16 0.526 0.164 0.067
11,000 1410 - - - - - - - - - - - - 22.2 6.78 2.62 0.633 0.197 0.081
12,000 1538 - - - - - - - - - - - - 26.4 8.07 3.09 0.753 0.234 0.096
13,000 1666 - - - - - - - - - - - - 31.0 9.47 3.63 0.884 0.273 0.112
14,000 1794 - - - - - - - - - - - - 36.0 11.0 4.21 1.02 0.316 0.129
15,000 1922 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12.6 4.84 1.17 0.364 0.148
16,000 2051 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14.3 5.50 1.33 0.411 0.167
18,000 2307 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18.2 6.96 1.68 0.520 0.213
20,000 2563 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22.4 8.60 2.01 0.642 0.260
22,000 2820 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 27.1 10.4 2.50 0.771 0.314
24,000 3076 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32.3 12.4 2.97 0.918 0.371
26,000 3332 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 37.9 14.5 3.49 1.12 0.435
28,000 3588 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16.9 4.04 1.25 0.505
30,000 3845 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19.3 4.64 1.42 0.520
  Extracted from Technical Paper No. 410, Flow of Fluids, with permission of Crane Co.
’M
COMPRESSED
AIR
Cubic Feet per
Minute at 60°F
and 100 psig
2-1/2-Inch 3-Inch 3-1/2-Inch 4-Inch 5-Inch 6-Inch 8-Inch 10-Inch 12-Inch
PRESSURE DROP OF AIR IN POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH
PER 100 FEET OF SCHEDULE 40 PIPE FOR AIR AT 100 POUNDS
PER SQUARE INCH GAUGE PRESSURE AND 60°F TEMPERATURE
694
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Average Properties of Propane
Formula C3H
  Boiling Point, °F (°C) -44 (-42)
  Specic Gravity of Gas (Air = 1.00)  1.53
  Pounds per Gallon of Liquid at 60°F (16°C) 4.24
  BTU per Gallon of Gas at 60°F (16°C) 91,547
BTU per Pound of Gas 21,591
  BTU per Cubic Foot of Gas at 60°F (16°) 2516
  Cubic Feet of Vapor at 60°F (16°C) per Gallon of Liquid at 60°F (16°C) 36.39
  Cubic Feet of Vapor at 60°F (16°C) per Pound of Liquid at 60°F (16°) 8.547
  Latent Heat of Vaporization at Boiling Point, BTU per Gallon 785.0
Combustion Data
Cubic Feet of Air Required to Burn 1 Cubic Foot of Gas 23.86
  Flash Point, °F (°C) -156 (-104)
  Ignition Temperature in Air, °F (°C)
  Maximum Flame Temperature in Air, °F (°C)   3595 (1979)
Limits of Inammability, Percentage of Gas in Air Mixture
at Lower Limit 2.4%
at Upper Limit 9.6%
Octane Number (ISO Octane = 100) Over 100
8
920 to 1020
(493 to 549)
Standard Domestic Propane Tank Specications
CAPACITY DIAMETER LENGTH TANK WEIGHT
Gallons (Liters) Inches (mm) Inches (mm) Pounds (kg)
120 (454) 24 (610) 68 (1727) 288 (131)
150 (568) 24 (610) 84 (2134) 352 (160)
200 (757) 30 (762) 79 (2007) 463 (210)
250 (946) 30 (762) 94 (2387) 542 (246)
325 (1230) 30 (762) 119 (3023) 672 (305)
500 (1893) 37 (940) 119 (3023) 1062 (482)
1000 (3785) 41 (1041) 192 (4877) 1983 (900)
Approximate Vaporization Capacities of Propane Tanks
BTU PER HOUR WITH 40% LIQUID IN DOMESTIC TANK SYSTEMS
Tank Size Water Capacity
120 235,008 417,792
150 290,304 516,096
200 341,280 606,720
250 406,080 721,920
325 514,100 937,900
500 634,032 1,127,168
1000 1,088,472 1,978,051
Prevailing Air Temperature
20°F (-7°C) 60°F (16°)
Orice Capacities for Propane
ORIFICE OR
DRILL SIZE
0.008 519 51 36531
0.009 656 50 39842
0.010 812 49 43361
0.011 981 48 46983
0.012 1169 47 50088
80 1480 46 53296
79 1708 45 54641
78 2080 44 60229
77 2629 43 64369
76 3249 42 71095
75 3581 41 74924
74 4119 40 78029
73 4678 39 80513
72 5081 38 83721
71 5495 37 87860
70 6375 36 92207
69 6934 35 98312
68 7813 34 100175
67 8320 33 103797
66 8848 32 109385
65 9955 31 117043
64 10535 30 134119
63 11125 29 150366
62 11735 28 160301
61 12367 27 168580
60 13008 26 175617
59 13660 25 181619
58 14333 24 187828
57 15026 23 192796
56 17572 22 200350
55 21939 21 205525
54 24630 20 210699
53 28769 19 223945
52 32805 18 233466
BTU per cubic foot = 2516
  Specic Gravity = 1.52   Pressure at orice, inches of water column = 11   Orice Coefcient = 0.9
ORIFICE
CAPACITY BTU
PER HOUR,
11-INCHES W.C.
ORIFICE OR
DRILL SIZE
ORIFICE CAPACITY
BTU PER HOUR,
11-INCHES W.C
695
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Pipe and Tubing Sizing
PROPANE PIPE AND TUBING SIZING BETWEEN SINGLE OR SECOND STAGE LOW PRESSURE REGULATORS AND APPLIANCES
Pipe or Tubing
Length, Feet
  To convert to capacities in cubic feet per hour, divide by 2.5   Note: Maximum undiluted propane capacities listed are based on 11-inches w.c. setting and a 0.5-inch w.c. pressure drop - Capacities in 1,000 BTU per hour.
3/8 (0.315) 1/2 (0.430) 5.8 (0.545) 3/4 (0.666) 7/8 (0.785) 1/2 (0.622) 3.4 (0.824) 1 (1.049) 1-1/4 (1.380) 1-1/2 (1.610) 2 (2.067)
10 49 110 206 348 536 10 291 608 1146 2353 3525 6789
20 34 76 151 239 368 20 200 418 788 1617 2423 4666
30 27 61 114 192 296 30 161 336 632 1299 1946 3747
40 23 52 97 164 253 40 137 282 541 1111 1665 3207
50 20 46 86 146 224 50 122 557 480 985 1476 2842
60 19 42 78 132 203 60 110 231 435 892 1337 2575
70 17 39 72 121 187 80 94 198 372 764 1144 2204
80 16 36 67 113 174 100 84 175 330 677 1014 1954
90 15 34 63 106 163 125 74 155 292 600 899 1731
100 14 32 59 100 154 150 67 141 265 544 815 1569
150 11 26 48 80
Outside Diameter (Inside Diameter), Type L
Copper Tubing Size,
Pipe or Tubing
Length, Feet
Outside Diameter (Inside Diameter), Schedule 40
Nominal Pipe Size,
Vapor Pressures of Propane
TEMPERATURE PRESSURE TEMPERATURE PRESSURE TEMPERATURE PRESSURE TEMPERATURE PRESSURE
°F (°C) Psig (Bar) °F (°C) Psig (Bar) °F (°C) Psig (Bar) °F (°C) Psig (Bar)
130 (54) 257 (18) 70 (21) 109 (8) 20 (-7) 40 (2,8) -20 (-29) 10 (0,69)
120 (49) 225 (16) 65 (18) 100 (6,9) 10 (-12) 31 (2) -25 (-32) 8 (0,55)
110 (43) 197 (14) 60 (16) 92 (6) 0 (-17) 23 (2) -30 (-34) 5 (0,34)
100 (38) 172 (12) 50 (10) 77 (5) -5 (-21) 20 (1,4) -35 (-37) 3 (0,21)
90 (32) 149 (10) 40 (4) 63 (4) -10 (-23) 16 (1) -40 (-40) 1 (0,069)
80 (27) 128 (9) 30 (-1) 51 (4) -15 (-26) 13 (1) -44 (-42) 0 (0)
Converting Volumes of Gas
CFH TO CFH OR CFM TO CFM
Multiply Flow of By To Obtain Flow of
0.707 Butane
Air
Butane
Natural Gas
Propane
1.290 Natural Gas
0.808 Propane
1.414 Air
1.826 Natural Gas
1.140 Propane
0.775 Air
0.547 Butane
0.625 Propane
1.237 Air
0.874 Butane
1.598 Natural Gas
COMMON FUELS PER GALLON PER POUND
Propane 91,547 21,591
Butane 102,032 21,221
Gasoline 110,250 20,930
Fuel Oil 134,425 16,960
BTU Comparisons
696
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Capacities of Spuds and Orices
DRILL
DESIGNATION
80 79
1/64”
78 77
76 75 74 73 72
71 70 69 68
1/32”
67 66 65 64 63
62 61 60 59 58
57 56
3/64”
55 54
53
1/16”
52 51 50
49 48
5/64”
47 46
45 44 43 42
3/32”
41 40 39 38 37
DIAMETER,
INCHES
0.0135
0.0145
0.0156
0.0160
0.0180
0.0200
0.0210
0.0225
0.0240
0.0250
0.0260
0.0280
0.0292
0.0310
0.0313
0.0320
0.0330
0.0350
0.0360
0.0370
0.0380
0.0390
0.0400
0.0410
0.0420
0.0430
0.0465
0.0469
0.0520
0.0550
0.0595
0.0625
0.0635
0.0670
0.0700
0.0730
0.0760
0.0781
0.0785
0.0810
0.0820
0.0860
0.0890
0.0935
0.0937
0.0960
0.0980
0.0995
0.1015
0.1040
AREA,
SQUARE
INCHES
0.000143
0.000163
0.000191
0.000201
0.000234
0.000314
0.000346
0.000398
0.000452
0.000491
0.000531
0.000616
0.000670
0.000735
0.000765
0.000804
0.000855
0.000962
0.001018
0.001075
0.001134
0.001195
0.001257
0.001320
0.001385
0.001452
0.001698
0.00173
0.00212
0.00238
0.00278
0.00307
0.00317
0.00353
0.00385
0.00419
0.00454
0.00479
0.00484
0.00515
0.00528
0.00582
0.00622
0.00687
0.00690
0.00724
0.00754
0.00778
0.00809
0.00849
1.61
1.85
2.14
2.26
2.85
3.53
3.89
4.47
5.08
5.52
5.97
6.92
7.53
8.48
8.59
9.03
9.60
10.8
11.5
12.1
12.8
13.5
14.2
14.9
15.6
16.3
19.1
19.5
23.8
26.8
31.1
34.5
35.6
39.7
43.3
47.1
51.0
53.8
54.4
57.9
59.3
65.3
69.9
77.2
77.5
81.3
84.7
87.4
90.9
95.4
CAPACITIES IN CFH OF 0.6 GRAVITY HIGH PRESSURE NATURAL GAS AND AN ORIFICE COEFFICIENT OF 1.0
Upstream Pressure, Psi Gauge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50
2.26
2.76
3.17
3.52
3.84
4.13
4.40
4.65
4.88
2.61
3.02
3.18
4.02
4.97
5.48
7.08
7.16
7.78
8.41
9.75
10.6
12.0
12.2
12.8
13.6
15.3
16.2
17.1
18.0
19.0
19.9
20.9
22.0
23.0
26.9
27.4
33.6
37.7
44.0
48.6
50.2
55.9
61.0
66.4
71.9
75.9
76.6
81.6
83.6
92.1
98.5 109 110
115 120 124 128 135
3.18
3.68
3.88
4.90
6.05
6.67
7.67
8.71
9.46
10.3
11.9
13.0
14.6
14.8
15.5
16.5
18.6
19.7
20.8
21.9
23.1
24.3
25.5
26.7
28.0
32.8
33.4
40.9
45.9
53.6
59.2
61.1
68.0
74.2
80.8
87.5
92.3
93.3
99.2
102 113 120 133 133
140 146 150 156 164
3.65
4.23
4.45
5.62
6.95
7.65
8.80
10.0
10.9
11.8
13.7
14.9
16.7
17.0
17.8
18.9
21.3
22.6
23.8
25.1
26.5
27.8
29.2
30.7
32.1
37.6
38.3
46.9
52.7
61.5
67.9
70.1
78.1
85.2
92.7 101 106 107 114
117 129 138 152 153
161 167 172 179 188
4.06
4.70
4.94
6.25
7.72
8.51
9.78
11.2
12.1
13.1
15.2
16.5
18.6
18.8
19.8
21.1
23.7
25.1
26.5
27.9
29.4
30.9
32.5
34.1
35.7
41.8
42.6
52.1
58.5
68.4
75.5
78.0
86.8
94.7
103 112 118 119 127
130 143 153 169 170
178 186 192 199 209
4.43
5.13
5.40
6.82
8.43
9.29
10.7
12.2
13.2
14.3
16.6
18.0
20.3
20.6
21.6
23.0
25.9
27.4
28.9
30.5
32.1
33.8
35.5
37.2
39.0
45.6
46.5
57.0
63.9
74.7
82.5
85.1
94.8 104
113 122 129 130 139
141 157 167 185 186
195 203 209 218 228
4.77
5.52
5.81
7.34
9.07
10.0
11.5
13.1
14.2
15.4
17.8
19.4
21.9
22.1
23.3
24.7
27.8
29.4
31.1
32.8
34.6
36.4
38.2
40.0
42.0
49.1
50.0
61.3
68.8
80.3
88.8
91.6 102 112
121 132 134 140 149
153 169 180 199 200
210 218 225 234 246
5.07
5.87
6.18
7.81
9.65
10.7
12.4
13.9
15.1
16.4
19.0
20.0
23.2
23.5
24.7
26.3
29.6
31.3
33.1
34.9
36.8
38.7
40.6
42.6
44.7
52.2
53.2
65.2
73.2
85.4
94.4
97.4 109 119
129 140 148 149 159
163 179 192 212 212
223 232 239 249 261
5.36
6.20
6.53
8.25
10.2
12.3
13.0
14.7
16.0
17.3
20.0
21.8
24.5
24.9
26.1
27.6
31.3
33.1
34.9
36.8
38.8
40.8
42.9
45.0
47.2
55.1
56.2
68.8
77.3
90.3
99.7 103 115 125
136 148 156 158 168
172 189 202 223 224
235 245 253 263 276
5.63
6.51
6.85
8.66
10.8
11.8
13.6
15.4
16.8
18.1
21.0
22.9
25.8
26.1
27.4
29.2
32.8
34.7
36.7
38.7
40.8
42.9
45.0
41.2
49.5
57.9
59.0
72.3
81.1
94.7 105 108 121 132
143 155 164 165 176
180 199 212 234 235
247 257 265 276 290
5.31
6.12
7.09
7.46
9.42
11.7
12.9
14.8
16.8
18.3
19.7
22.9
24.9
28.0
28.4
29.9
31.8
35.7
37.8
39.9
42.1
44.4
46.7
49.0
51.4
53.9
63.0
64.2
78.7
88.3
104 114 118 131 143
156 169 178 180 191
196 216 231 255 256
269 280 289 300 315
5.65
6.52
7.55
7.95
10.1
12.5
13.7
15.8
17.9
19.4
21.0
24.4
26.5
29.9
30.3
31.8
33.8
38.1
40.3
42.5
44.8
47.3
49.7
52.2
54.8
57.4
67.1
68.4
83.8
94.1
110 122 126 140 153
166 180 190 192 204
209 230 246 272 273
287 298 308 320 336
6.05
6.98
8.08
8.50
10.8
13.3
14.7
16.9
19.1
20.8
22.5
26.1
28.4
32.0
32.4
34.0
36.2
40.7
42.4
45.5
48.0
50.6
53.2
55.8
58.6
61.4
71.8
73.2
89.6 101
118 130 134 150 163
178 192 203 205 218
224 246 263 291 292
306 319 329 342 359
6.44
7.43
8.61
9.05
11.5
14.2
15.6
18.0
20.4
22.1
23.9
27.8
30.2
34.0
34.5
36.2
38.5
43.4
45.9
48.4
51.1
53.8
56.6
59.5
62.4
65.4
76.5
77.9
95.5 108
126 139 143 159 174
189 205 216 218 232
238 262 280 310 311
326 340 351 365 383
6.84
7.89
9.13
9.61
12.2
15.0
16.6
19.1
21.6
23.5
25.4
29.5
32.1
36.1
36.6
38.5
40.9
46.0
48.7
51.4
54.2
57.1
60.1
63.1
66.2
69.4
81.2
82.7 102 114
133 147 152 169 184
201 217 229 232 246
253 278 298 329 350
346 361 372 387 406
7.82
9.02
10.5
11.0
13.9
17.2
19.0
21.8
24.7
26.9
29.1
33.8
36.7
41.3
41.9
44.0
46.8
52.6
55.7
58.8
62.0
65.4
68.7
72.2
75.7
79.4
92.8
94.6 116 132
152 168 174 193 211
229 249 262 265 282
289 319 340 376 378
396 413 426 443 464
8.80
10.2
11.8
12.4
15.7
19.4
21.3
24.5
27.6
30.3
32.7
38.0
41.3
46.5
47.1
49.5
52.7
59.2
62.7
66.2
69.8
73.6
77.4
81.3
85.3
89.4 105 107 131 147
172 189 196 218 237
258 280 295 298 317
325 359 383 423 425
446 464 479 498 523
10.8
12.5
14.4
15.2
19.2
23.7
26.1
30.0
34.1
37.0
40.0
46.4
50.5
56.9
57.7
60.6
64.4
72.5
76.7
81.0
85.4
90.0
94.7
99.5 105
110 128 131 160 180
210 232 239 266 290
316 342 361 365 388
398 439 469 518 520
546 568 585 610 640
12.8
14.7
17.1
17.9
22.7
28.0
30.9
35.5
40.3
43.8
47.3
54.9
59.7
67.3
68.2
71.7
76.2
85.7
90.7
95.8
101 107 112 118 124
130 152 155 189 212
248 274 283 315 343
374 405 427 432 459
471 519 555 612 615
645 672 693 721 757
- continued -
697
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Capacities of Spuds and Orices (continued)
DRILL
DESIGNATION
36
7/64”
35 34 33
32 31
1/8”
30 29
28
9/64”
27 26 25
24 23
5/32”
22 21
20 19 18
11/64”
17
16 15 14 13
3/16”
12 11 10
9
8 7
13/64”
6 5
4 3
7/32”
2 1
A
15/64”
B C D
E=1/4”
F G
17/64”
H
DIAMETER,
INCHES
0.1065
0.1094
0.1100
0.1110
0.1130
0.1160
0.1200
0.1250
0.1285
0.1360
0.1405
0.1406
0.1440
0.1470
0.1495
0.1520
0.1540
0.1562
0.1570
0.1590
0.1610
0.1660
0.1695
0.1719
0.1730
0.1770
0.1800
0.1820
0.1850
0.1875
0.1890
0.1910
0.1930
0.1960
0.1990
0.2010
0.2031
0.2040
0.2055
0.2090
0.2130
0.2187
0.2210
0.2280
0.2340
0.2344
0.2380
0.2420
0.2460
0.2500
0.2570
0.2610
0.2656
0.2660
AREA,
SQUARE
INCHES
0.00891
0.00940
0.00950
0.00968
0.01003
0.01057
0.01131
0.01227
0.01296
0.01433
0.01549
0.01553
0.01629
0.01697
0.01755
0.01815
0.01863
0.01917
0.01936
0.01986
0.02036
0.02164
0.02256
0.02320
0.02351
0.02461
0.02345
0.02602
0.02688
0.02761
0.02806
0.02865
0.02940
0.03017
0.03110
0.03173
0.03241
0.03269
0.03317
0.03431
0.03563
0.03758
0.03836
0.04083
0.04301
0.04314
0.04449
0.04600
0.04733
0.04909
0.05187
0.05350
0.05542
0.05557
CAPACITIES IN CFH OF 0.6 GRAVITY HIGH PRESSURE NATURAL GAS AND AN ORIFICE COEFFICIENT OF 1.0
Upstream Pressure, Psi Gauge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50
100
141
172
197
219
240
258
274
290
304 106 107 109 113
119 127 138 146 164
174 175 183 191 197
204 210 216 218 223
229 243 254 261 264
277 286 293 302
310 315 322 331 339
350 357 364 367 373
386 400 422 431 459
483 485 500 517 534
552 583 601 623 624
149 151 154 159
168 179 195 206 230
246 246 258 269 278
288 295 304 307 315
323 343 358 368 373
390 403 412 426
437 445 454 466 478
493 503 513 518 525
543 564 595 608 647
681 683 705 725 733
777 821 847 878 880
182 183 187 194
204 218 237 250 280
299 300 314 327 339
350 359 370 373 383
393 417 435 447 453
475 491 502 518
532 541 552 567 582
600 612 625 630 639
661 687 724 739 787
829 831 857 916 975
946 1000 1040 1070 1070
208 210 214 222
234 250 272 287 322
343 344 361 376 388
402 412 424 428 440
451 479 499 513 520
545 563 576 595
611 621 634 650 667
688 702 717 723 734
739 788 831 849 903
951 954
984 1020 1060
1090 1150 1190 1230 1230
231 234 238 247
260 278 302 319 357
381 382 401 417 432
446 458 472 476 488
501 532 555 571 578
605 626 640 661
679 690 704 723 742
765 780 797 804 816
844 876 924 943
1010
1060 1060 1100 1130 1170
1210 1280 1320 1370 1370
253 255 260 270
284 304 330 348 390
416 417 438 456 472
490 501 515 520 534
547 581 606 623 632
661 684 699 722
742 754 770 790 810
835 852 870 878 891
921
959 1010 1030 1100
1160 1160 1200 1240 1280
1320 1400 1440 1490 1500
272 275 280 290
306 327 355 375 420
448 449 471 491 507
525 539 554 560 574
589 625 652 671 680
711 736 752 777
798 811 828 850 872
899 917 937 945 959
991 1030 1090 1110 1180
1250 1250 1290 1330 1370
1420 1500 1550 1610 1610
289 292 298 309
325 348 377 399 447
476 478 501 522 540
558 573 589 595 611
626 665 694 713 723
756 782 800 826
849 862 881 904 927
956 975
996 1010 1020
1060 1100 1160 1180 1260
1330 1330 1370 1420 1460
1510 1600 1650 1710 1710
305 309 315 326
343 367 399 421 472
503 504 529 551 570
589 605 623 629 645
661 703 733 753 763
799 826 845 873
896 911 930 955 980
1010 1030 1060 1070 1080
1120 1160 1220 1250 1330
1400 1400 1450 1500 1550
1600 1690 1740 1810 1810
321 324 330 342
360 386 418 442 495
528 529 555 579 598
619 635 653 660 677
694 738 769 790 801
839 868 887 916
941 956
976 1010 1030
1060 1090 1110 1120 1130
1170 1220 1280 1310 1400
1470 1470 1520 1570 1620
1680 1770 1830 1890 1900
331 349 353 359 372
392 420 456 481 539
575 576 605 630 651
674 691 711 713 737
756 803 837 861 872
913 944 965 997
1030 1050 1070 1090 1120
1160 1180 1210 1220 1230
1280 1330 1400 1430 1520
1600 1600 1650 1710 1770
1830 1930 1990 2060 2070
352 372 376 383 396
418 447 485 512 575
612 614 644 671 694
718 737 758 765 785
805 855 892 917 929
973 1010 1030 1060
1100 1110 1140 1170 1200
1230 1260 1290 1300 1320
1360 1410 1490 1520 1620
1700 1710 1760 1820 1880
1940 2050 2120 2190 2200
377 398 402 410 424
447 478 519 548 615
655 657 689 718 742
768 788 811 819 840
861 915 954 981 994
1040 1080 1100 1140
1170 1190 1220 1250 1270
1320 1350 1370 1390 1410
1450 1510 1590 1630 1730
1820 1830 1880 1950 2010
2080 2200 2270 2350 2350
402 424 428 436 452
476 510 553 584 655
698 700 734 764 790
818 839 863 872 894
917
975 1020 1050 1060
1110 1150 1180 1210
1250 1270 1290 1330 1360
1400 1430 1460 1480 1500
1550 1610 1700 1730 1840
1940 1950 2010 2080 2140
2210 2340 2410 2500 2510
426
487 514 520 530 549
578 619 671 709 795
847 849 891 928 960
992 1020 1050 1060 1090
1120 1190 1240 1270 1290
1350 1400 1430 1470
1510 1540 1570 1610 1650
1700 1740 1780 1790 1820
1880 1950 2060 2100 2240
2360 2360 2440 2520 2600
2690 2840 2930 3030 3040
549 579 585 596 618
651 696 756 798 893
954
956 1010 1050 1080
1120 1150 1180 1200 1230
1260 1340 1390 1430 1450
1520 1570 1610 1660
1700 1730 1770 1810 1860
1920 1960 2000 2020 2050
2120 2200 2320 2370 2520
2650 2660 2740 2840 2930
3030 3200 3300 3410 3420
449 454 463 480
505 541 587 620 695
740 742 779 811 839
867 890 916 925 949
973 1040 1080 1110 1130
1180 1220 1250 1290
1320 1340 1370 1410 1450
1490 1520 1550 1570 1590
1640 1710 1800 1840 1950
2060 2070 2130 2200 2280
2350 2480 2560 2650 2660
671 708 716 729 756
796 852 924 976
1100
1170 1170 1230 1280 1330
1370 1410 1450 1460 1500
1540 1630 1700 1750 1770
1860 1920 1960 2030
2080 2120 2160 2220 2280
2350 2390 2450 2470 2500
2590 2690 2830 2890 3080
3240 3250 3350 3470 3580
3700 3910 4030 4180 4190
794 838 847 863 894
942 1010 1100 1160 1300
1380 1390 1460 1520 1570
1620 1660 1710 1730 1770
1820 1930 2010 2070 2100
2200 2270 2320 2400
2460 2500 2560 2620 2690
2770 2830 2890 2920 2960
2770 2830 2890 2920 2960
3060 3180 3350 3420 3640
4380 4620 4770 4940 4950
- continued -
698
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Capacities of Spuds and Orices (continued)
DRILL
DESIGNATION
I J K
9/32”
L
M
19/64”
N
5/16”
O
P
21/64”
Q R
11/32”
S T
23/64”
U
3/8”
V
W
25/64”
X Y
13/32”
Z
27/64”
7/16”
29/64”
15/32” 31/64”
1/2” 33/64” 17/32”
35/64”
9/16” 37/64” 19/32” 39/64”
5/8” 41/64” 21/32” 43/64” 11/16”
23/32”
3/4” 25/32” 13/16” 27/32”
7/8” 29/32” 15/16” 31/32”
1.0”
DIAMETER,
INCHES
0.2720
0.2770
0.2810
0.2812
0.2900
0.2930
0.2969
0.3020
0.3125
0.3160
0.3230
0.3281
0.3320
0.3390
0.3437
0.3480
0.3580
0.3594
0.3680
0.3750
0.3770
0.3860
0.3960
0.3970
0.4040
0.4062
0.4130
0.4219
0.4375
0.4531
0.4687
0.4844
0.5000
0.5156
0.5313
0.5469
0.5625
0.5781
0.5938
0.6094
0.6250
0.6406
0.6562
0.6719
0.6875
0.7188
0.7500
0.7812
0.8125
0.8438
0.8750
0.9062
0.9375
0.9688
1.0000
AREA,
SQUARE
INCHES
0.005811
0.006026
0.006102
0.006113
0.006605
0.006835
0.006922
0.007163
0.007670
0.007843
0.008194
0.008456
0.008657
0.009026
0.009281
0.09511
0.1006
0.1014
0.1065
0.1105
0.1116
0.1170
0.1198
0.1238
0.1282
0.1295
0.1340
0.1398
0.1503
0.1613
0.1726
0.1843
0.1964
0.2088
0.2217
0.2349
0.2485
0.2625
0.2769
0.2917
0.3068
0.3223
0.3382
0.3545
0.3712
0.4057
0.4418
0.4794
0.5185
0.5591
0.6013
0.6450
0.6903
0.7371
0.7854
653 677 697 698 742
768 778 805 862 881
920 950
972 1020 1050
1070 1130 1140 1200 1240
1260 1320 1350 1390 1440
1460 1510 1570 1690 1820
1940 2070 2210 2350 2490
2640 2790 2950 3110 3280
3450 3620 3800 3980 4170
4560 4960 5390 5830 6280
6760 7250 7750 8280 8820
CAPACITIES IN CFH OF 0.6 GRAVITY HIGH PRESSURE NATURAL GAS AND AN ORIFICE COEFFICIENT OF 1.0
Upstream Pressure, Psi Gauge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50
916
1120
1290
1430
1560
1680
1790
1890
1980 957 983 984
1050
1090 1100 1140 1220 1250
1300 1340 1370 1430 1470
1510 1600 1610 1690 1750
1770 1860 1900 1960 2030
2060 2130 2220 2380 2560
2740 3280 3110 3310 3510
3720 3940 4160 4390 4620
4860 5110 5360 5620 5880
6430 7000 7590 8210 8850
9520 10 200 10 900 11 700 12 400
1170 1200 1200 1280
1320 1340 1380 1480 1520
1580 1630 1670 1740 1790
1840 1940 1960 2050 2130
2150 2260 2310 2390 2470
2500 2590 2700 2900 3110
3330 3550 3790 4030 4280
4530 4770 5060 5340 5620
5910 6210 6520 6830 7150
7820 8510 9240 9990
10 800
11 600 12 400 13 300 14 200 15 100
1340 1380 1380 1460
1520 1530 1590 1700 1740
1820 1870 1920 2000 2060
2110 2230 2250 2360 2450
2470 2590 2650 2740 2840
2870 2970 3100 3330 3570
3820 4080 4350 4620 4910
5200 5500 5810 6130 6450
6790 7130 7480 7840 8210
8970
9770 10 600 11 500 12 400
13 300 14 300 15 300 16 300 17 400
1490 1530 1530 1630
1680 1710 1760 1890 1930
2020 2080 2130 2220 2290
2340 2480 2500 2620 2720
2750 2900 2950 3050 3150
3190 3300 3440 3700 4000
4250 4530 4830 5140 5450
5780 6110 6450 6810 7170
7540 7920 8320 8720 9130
9970 10 900 11 800 12 800 13 800
14 800 15 900 17 000 18 200 19 300
1620 1670 1670 1780
1840 1860 1930 2060 2110
2200 2270 2330 2430 2500
2530 2710 2730 2860 2970
3000 3200 3220 3330 3450
3480 3600 3760 4040 4230
4640 4950 5280 5610 5960
6310 6680 7050 7440 7830
8240 8660 9080 9520 9970
10 900 11 900 12 900 14 000 15 000
16 200 17 400 18 600 19 800 21 100
1750 1800 1800 1910
1980 2000 2070 2220 2270
2370 2450 2500 2607 2690
2750 2910 2930 3080 3200
3230 3380 3460 3580 3710
3750 3870 4040 4350 4660
4990 5330 5680 6040 6410
6790 7180 7590 8000 8430
8870 9310
9770 10 300 10 600
11 800 12 800 13 900 15 000 16 200
17 400 18 700 20 000 21 300 22 700
1860 1910 1910 2030
2100 2130 2210 2360 2410
2520 2600 2660 2780 2860
2930 3100 3120 3270 3400
3430 3600 3680 3810 3940
3990 4130 4300 4620 5000
5310 5670 6340 6420 6820
7220 7640 8070 8510 8970
9430
9910 10 400 10 900 11 500
12 500 13 600 14 800 16 000 17 200
18 500 19 000 21 200 22 700 24 200
1960 2020 2020 2150
2220 2250 2330 2490 2550
2660 2750 2810 2930 3020
3090 3270 3300 3460 3590
3630 3800 3890 4020 4160
4210 4350 4540 4880 5140
5610 5990 6380 6780 7200
7630 8070 8520 8990 9470
9960 10 500 11 000 11 500 12 100
13 200 14 400 15 600 16 900 18 200
19 600 21 000 22 400 24 000 25 500
2060 2120 2120 2250
2330 2360 2440 2620 2660
2800 2890 2950 3080 3170
3240 3430 3460 3630 3770
3810 3990 4090 4220 4370
4420 4570 4770 5120 5500
5880 6280 6690 7120 7560
8010 8470 8950 9440 9940
10 500 11 000 11 600 12 100 12 700
13 900 15 100 16 400 17 700 19 100
20 500 22 000 23 600 25 100 26 800
2160 2240 2300 2310 2450
2540 2570 2660 2850 2910
3040 3140 3210 3350 3450
3530 3740 3770 3950 4100
4140 4340 4450 4600 4760
4810 4970 5190 5580 5990
6410 6840 7290 7750 8230
8720 9220
9740 10 300 10 900
11 400 12 000 12 600 13 200 13 800
15 100 16 400 17 800 19 300 20 800
22 300 24 000 25 600 27 400 29 200
2300 2390 2450 2460 2610
2710 2740 2830 3030 3100
3240 3350 3420 3570 3670
3760 4000 4010 4210 4370
4410 4630 4740 4900 5070
5120 5300 5530 5940 6380
6820 7280 7760 8250 8760
9290
9820 10 370 10 940 11 600
12 200 12 800 13 400 14 000 14 700
16 100 17 500 19 000 20 500 22 100
23 800 25 500 27 500 29 200 31 100
2460 2550 2630 2630 2800
2890 2930 3030 3250 3320
3470 3580 3660 3820 3930
4020 4260 4290 4500 4670
4720 5000 5100 5240 5420
5480 5670 5910 6360 6820
7300 7790 8310 8490 9370
9930 10 500 11 100 11 700 12 400
12 700 13 700 14 300 15 000 15 700
17 200 18 700 20 300 22 000 23 700
25 500 26 400 29 200 31 200 33 200
2620 2720 2800 2800 2980
3080 3120 3230 3460 3540
3690 3810 3900 4070 4180
4290 4530 4570 4790 4980
5030 5270 5400 5580 5780
5840 6040 6300 6770 7270
7770 8300 8850 9400 9980
10 600 11 200 11 900 12 500 13 200
13 900 14 600 15 300 16 000 16 800
18 300 19 900 21 600 23 400 25 200
27 100 29 100 31 100 33 200 35 400
2780 2880 2970 2970 3160
3270 3310 3430 3670 3750
3920 4040 4140 4320 4440
4550 4810 4850 5050 5280
5340 5590 5730 5920 6130
6200 6400 6680 7200 7700
8300 8800
9400 10 000 10 600
11 300 11 900 12 600 13 300 14 000
14 700 15 400 16 200 17 000 17 800
19 400 21 200 22 900 24 800 26 700
28 800 30 900 33 000 35 300 37 600
3180 3300 3390 3400 3610
3740 3790 3920 4200 4290
4480 4630 4740 4940 5080
5200 5500 5550 5820 6040
6100 6350 6550 6770 7010
7090 7330 7650 8220 8820
9440 10 100 10 800 11 500 12 200
12 900 13 600 14 400 15 200 16 000
16 800 17 700 18 500 19 400 20 300
22 200 24 200 26 200 28 400 30 600
32 900 35 300 37 800 40 300 43 000
3580 3710 3820 3830 4070
4210 4260 4410 4720 4830
5050 5210 5330 5560 5720
5860 6200 6240 6550 6800
6870 7200 7380 7620 7890
7980 8250 8610 9250 9930
10 700 11 400 12 100 12 900 13 700
14 500 15 300 16 200 17 100 18 000
18 900 19 900 20 900 21 900 22 900
25 000 27 200 29 500 32 000 34 400
37 000 39 700 42 500 45 400 48 400
4380 4540 4680 4680 4980
5150 5220 5400 5780 5910
6180 6370 6520 6800 6990
7170 7580 7640 8020 8330
8410 8820 9030 9330 9660
9760 10 100 10 600 11 400 12 200
13 000 13 900 14 800 15 800 16 700
17 700 18 800 19 800 20 900 22 000
23 100 24 300 25 500 26 700 28 000
30 600 33 300 36 100 39 100 42 100
45 300 48 600 52 000 55 600 59 200
5180 5370 5530 5540 5890
6090 6170 6390 6840 6990
7300 7540 7720 8040 8270
8480 8970 9040 9480 9850
9950 10 400 10 700 11 100 11 500
11 600 12 000 12 500 13 400 14 400
15 400 16 400 17 500 18 600 19 800
21 000 22 000 23 400 24 700 26 000
27 400 28 800 30 200 31 600 33 100
36 200 39 400 42 800 46 200 49 800
53 600 57 500 61 500 65 700 70 000
699
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
SILICONE FLUID 200 CS
SILICONE FLUID 1000 CS
MIL-T-5624 (JP-4)
MIL-C-7024 TYPE II
JET A
ETHYLENE GLYCOL WATER MIXTURE 50/50
D IESEL FUEL
MIL-T-5624 (JP-5)
AND KEROSENE
JET A
H 0
2
BENZENE
ETHYLENE OXIDE
AUTOMOBILE GASOLINE AVG
MIL-T-5624 (JP-5)
AND KEROSENE
MIL-H-6083
MIL-H-5606
SKYDROL 500 B-4 AND LD-4
MIL-H-5606
MIL-L-23699
MIL-H-6083
MIL-L-7808
AND MIL-H-83282
MIL-L-7808 AND MIL-H-83282
SKYDROL 7000
MIL-L-6081 (1010)
# 4 FUEL OIL
# 4 FUEL OIL
DIESEL FUEL
ETHYLENE GLYCOL 100%
SAE 30
SAE 20
SAE 10
MIL-L-23699
SKYDROL 7000
SAE 40
10,000
Viscosities of Typical Fluids vs. Temperature
TEMPERATURE °F
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY - CENTISTOKES
5,000
2,000
1,000
500
200
100
50
20
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
350300250200150100806040200-20-40-60
SAE 90
SAE 90
SAE 140
SAE 140
SILICONE FLUID 500 CS
MIL-L-6081 (1010)
MIL-G-5572 AVIATION GASOLINE
ALCOHOL AND ACETONE
MIL-L-6082 (1100), SAE 50, AND BUNKER-C
700
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
JET A
ALCOHOL AND ACETONE
H 0
2
H 0
2
MIL-G-5572 AVIATION GASOLINE
AUTOMOBILE GASOLINE AVG
ETHYLENE GLYCOL WATER MIXTURE 50/50
SKYDROL 500 B-4
SILICONE FLUIDS
#4 FUEL OIL
AND BUNKER-C
MIL-H-5606
AND MIL-H-83282
MIL-L-6081 (1010)
AND MIL-H-6083
MIL-T-5624 (JP-5)
MIL-C-7024 TYPE 11
MIL-T-5624 (JP-4)
MIL-L7808
MIL-L-23699
KEROSENE
MIL-L-6082 (1100), SAE 50, 90 AND 140 AVG
,
DIESEL FUELS, BENZENE AND SAE 10 THRU 40 AVG
SILICONE FLUIDS
SKYDROL 7000
SKYDROL LD-4
ETHYLENE GLYCOL 100%
1.20
1.15
1.05
1.05
1.00
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
TEMPERATURE °F
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
(WITH RESPECT TO H
2
O @ 60°F)
180100806040200-20-40-60 160140 280200120 260240 300220
Specific Gravity of Typical Fluids vs. Temperature
MIL-L7808
ETHYLENE OXIDE
701
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
1.5:1 2:1 3:1 4:1
Effect of Inlet Swage On Critical
Flow C
g
Requirements
Valve Cg/Valve Inlet Area
Swaged C
g
/Linear-Size C
g
1
0 100
0.95
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75 200 300 400 500 900 800700 600
702
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Seat Leakage Classications (In Accordance with ANSI/FCI 70-3-2004)
LEAKAGE CLASS
DESIGNATION
DESCRIPTION
MAXIMUM LEAKAGE
ALLOWABLE
I
II
III
IV
VI
VII
A modication of any Class II, III or IV regulator where the design intent is the 
same as the basic class, but by agreement between user and supplier, no test 
This class establishes the maximum permissible leakage generally associated with
commercial double-seat regulators with metal-to-metal seats.
This class establishes the maximum permissible leakage generally associated with
This class establishes the maximum permissible leakage generally associated with
Class II, but with a higher degree of seat and seal tightness.
commercial unbalanced single-seat regulators with metal-to-metal seats.
This class establishes the maximum permissible seat leakage generally
associated with resilient seating regulators either balanced or unbalanced with
This class establishes the maximum permissible seat leakage generally
associated with Class VI, but with test performed at the maximum operating 
is required.
O-rings or similar gapless seals.
differential pressure.
- - - -
0.5% of maximum Cv
0.1% of maximum Cv
0.01% of maximum Cv
Leakage per following table as expressed in ml per minute
Leakage per following table as expressed in ml per minute
versus seat diameter.
versus seat diameter.
Nominal Port Diameter and Leak Rate
NOMINAL PORT DIAMETER LEAK RATE
Millimeters (Inches) Standard ml per Minute
(2)
<25 (<1)
38 (1.5)
51 (2)
64 (2.5)
76 (3) 102 (4) 152 (6) 203 (8)
250 (10) 300 (12) 350 (14) 400 (16)
1. Bubbles per minute as tabulated are an easily measured suggested alternative based on a suitable calibrated measuring device in this case a 0.24 inch (6 mm) O.D. x 0.04 inch (1 mm) wall tube submerged in water to a depth of from 0.12 to 0.24 inch (3 to 6 mm). The tube end shall be cut square and smooth with no chamfers or burrs and the tube axis shall be perpendicular to the surface of the water. Other apparatus may be constructed and the number of bubbles per minute may differ from those shown as long as they correctly indicate the
      ow in ml per minute.
2. If valve seat diameter differs by more than 0.08 inch (2 mm) from one of the valves listed, the leakage rate may be obtained by interpolation assuming that the leakage rate varies as the  square of the seat diameter.
3. Standard millimeters based on 60 °F (16 °C) and 14.73 psia (1,016 bar a).
0,15 0,30 0,45 0,60 0,90 1,70 4,00 6,75 11,1 16,0 21,6 28,4
(3)
Bubbles per
(1)
Minute
(2)
1
2 3 4
6 11 27 45
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
703
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Flange, Valve Size, and Pressure-Temperature Rating Designations
Sizes of ASME anges are designated as NPS (for “nominal pipe size”). The nominal size is based on inches, but the units are not required in the designation. For example: NPS 2 is the size. Pressure ratings are designated by class. For example, CL150 is the rating. ASME designations replace ANSI designations.
Sizes of EN and ISO anges are designated with DN (for “nominal
diameter”). The nominal diameter is based on millimeters, but the units are not included in the designation. For example: DN 50 is the size. Pressure ratings are designated by PN (for “nominal pressure”). For example PN 40 is the pressure rating. EN and ISO designations replace DIN designations through PN 100.
ASME B16.5 anges will mate with EN 1759 anges but not with EN 1092 anges (formerly DIN anges). ASME B16.5 anges will mate with most ISO 7005 anges.
Common size designations in wide use are shown in the table below.
A summary of ange terminology is shown in the table below, and equivalency of anges is shown in the table on the following page.
Pipe Thread Standards
There are three pipe thread standards that are accepted globally:
NPT, ASME B1.20.1: General-purpose pipe threads (inches).
G Series, ISO 228-1: Pipe threads for use where pressure-tight
joints are not made on the threads. The internal and external threads are not tapered but are parallel or straight.
R Series, ISO 7/1: Pipe threads for use where pressure-tight
joints are made on the threads. The internal thread is parallel
(straight) or tapered; external is always tapered.
Notes
Japanese (JIS) valves and anges are designated according to JIS standards.
European Norm ange types, such as at-face and raised-face
are designated Type A, Type B, Type C. These types do not correspond to the DIN 2526 Form A, Form D, etc., designations.
Common Size Designations
NPS 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
DN 15 20 25 40 50 65 80 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600
Summary of Flange Terminology
ASME EUROPEAN NORM EXAMPLE OF PRINTED PRESENTATION
Pressure Rating CLASS PN CL300 or CL300, PN 40
Size NPS DN NPS 2, DN 50
Pipe Threads (Internal or
External)
NPT NPT, G (Straight), R (Tapered) G 1/4, 1/4 NPT, 1/4 NPT Internal (or External)
704
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Equivalency Table
ISO ASME DIN EUROPEAN NORM LIMITATIONS
ASME and European
Norm Only
European Norm Only - - - - EN 1092 Through PN 100
DIN Only - - - - DIN
ISO and ASME Only ISO 7005 Class Flanges ASME B16.5 - - - -
1. DIN is no longer used except for pressure ratings above PN 100.
  2.  DIN standards 2628, 2629, 2638, 2548, 2549, 2550, and 2551.
- - - - Class Flanges ASME B16.5 - - - - EN 1759-1
(2)
- - - - Above PN 100
Species ASTM materials but also permits 
European materials per EN 1092-1.
(1)
(1)
A few sizes are compatible to previous DIN standards. An older version contained
ange designations that do not appear in the 
current standard.
Standard Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASME CL150 Valve Bodies
SERVICE
TEMPERATURE,
°F (°C)
-20 to 100 (-29 to 38) 200 (93)
300 (149) 400 (204)
500 (260) 600 (316)
650 (343) 700 (371)
  1.  Table information is extracted from the Valve-Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End, ASME Standard B16.34-2004.  These tables must be used in accordance with the ASME standard. 
LCB LCC/WCC WCB CF8 or 304 CF8M/CF3M
265 (18,3) 255 (17,6)
230 (15,9) 200 (13,8)
170 (11,7)
140 (9,7)
125 (8,6) 110 (7,6)
290 (20,0) 260 (17,9)
230 (15,9) 200 (13,8)
170 (11,7)
140 (9,7)
125 (8,6) 110 (7,6)
WORKING PRESSURE, PSIG (bar)
285 (19,7) 260 (17,9)
230 (15,9) 200 (13,8)
170 (11,7)
140 (9,7)
125 (8,6) 110 (7,6)
275 (19,0) 230 (15,9)
205 (14,1) 190 (13,1)
170 (11,7)
140 (9,7)
125 (8,6) 110 (7,6)
Standard Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASME CL300 Valve Bodies
SERVICE
TEMPERATURE,
°F (°C)
-20 to 100 (-29 to 38) 200 (93)
300 (149) 400 (204)
500 (260) 600 (316)
650 (343) 700 (371)
  1.  Table information is extracted from the Valve-Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End, ASME Standard B16.34-2004.  These tables must be used in accordance with the ASME standard. 
LCB LCC/WCC WCB CF8 or 304 CF8M/CF3M
695 (47,9) 660 (45,5)
640 (44,1) 615 (42,4)
585 (40,3) 550 (37,9)
535 (36,8) 510 (35,2)
750 (51,7) 750 (51,7)
730 (50,3) 705 (48,6)
665 (45,9) 605 (41,7)
590 (40,7) 555 (38,3)
WORKING PRESSURE, PSIG (bar)
740 (51,0) 680 (46,9)
655 (45,2) 635 (43,8)
605 (41,7)
570 (39.3)
550 (38,0) 530 (36,5)
720 (49,6) 600 (41,4)
540 (37,2) 495 (34,1)
465 (32,1)
440 (30.3)
430 (29,6) 420 (29,0)
(1)
275 (19,0) 235 (16,2)
215 (14,8) 195 (13,4)
170 (11,7)
140 (9,7)
125 (8,6) 110 (7,6)
(1)
720 (49,6) 620 (42,7)
560 (38,6) 515 (35,5)
480 (33,1) 450 (31,0)
440 (30,3) 435 (30,0)
705
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
34,5
232
27,6
22,0
17,2
13,8 12,1
8,6
5,0
0
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
-20
100
TEMPERATURE, °F
TEMPERATURE, °C
PRESSURE RATING-PSI-LIQUID, GAS, STEAM
PRESSURE RATING-BAR
ASME CLASS
125 RATINGS
SATURATED STEAM
ASME CLASS 250 RATINGS
Pressure/Temperature Ratings for ASTM A126 Cast Iron Valves
20817815010065
300
-29
200 300
353 406 450
Standard Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASME CL600 Valve Bodies
SERVICE
TEMPERATURE,
°F (°C)
-20 to 100 (-29 to 38) 200 (93)
300 (149) 400 (204)
500 (260) 600 (316)
650 (343) 700 (371)
  1.  Table information is extracted from the Valve-Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End, ASME Standard B16.34-2004.  These tables must be used in accordance with the ASME standard. 
LCB LCC/WCC WCB CF8 or 304 CF8M/CF3M
1395 (96,2) 1320 (91,0)
1275 (87,9) 1230 (84,8)
1175 (81,0) 1105 (76,2)
1065 (73,4) 1025 (70,7)
1500 (103) 1500 (103)
1455 (100)
1405 (97,0)
1330 (91,7) 1210 (83,4)
1175 (81,0) 1110 (76,5)
WORKING PRESSURE, PSIG (bar)
1480 (102)
1360 (93,7)
1310 (90,3) 1265 (87,2)
1205 (83,1) 1135 (78,3)
1100 (75,8) 1060 (73,1)
1440 (99,3) 1200 (82,7)
1075 (74,1)
995 (68,6)
930 (64,1) 885 (61,0)
865 (59,6) 845 (58,3)
(1)
1440 (99,3) 1240 (85,5)
1120 (77,2) 1025 (70,7)
955 (65,8) 900 (62,1)
885 (61,0) 870 (60,0)
CLASS B (1”-12”)
CLASS A (1”-12”)
CLASS B (14”-24”)
CLASS B (1”-12”)
CLASS A (1”-12”)
CLASS B (14”-24”)
706
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Diameter of Bolt Circles
NOMINAL
PIPE SIZE,
INCHES
1 1-1/4 1-1/2
2 2-1/2
3
4
5
6
8
10 12 14 16 18
20 24 30 36 42 48
  1.  Sizes 1 through 12-inches also apply to ASME Class 150 bronze anges.
  2.  Sizes 1 through 8-inches also apply to ASME Class 300 bronze anges.
ASMECL125 (CAST IRON)
OR CL150
(1)
(STEEL)
3.12
3.50
3.88
4.75
5.50
6.00
7.50
8.50
39.50
11.75
14.25
17.00
18.75
21.25
22.75
25.00
29.50
36.00
42.75
49.50
56.00
ASME CL250
(CAST IRON) OR
CL300
(2)
(STEEL)
3.50
3.88
4.50
5.00
5.88
6.62
7.88
9.25
10.62
13.00
15.25
17.75
20.25
22.50
24.75
27.00
32.00
39.25
46.00
52.75
60.75
ASME
CL600
3.50
3.88
4.50
5.00
5.88
6.62
8.50
10.50
11.50
13.75
17.00
19.25
20.75
23.75
25.75
28.50
33.00
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
ASME
CL900
4.00
4.38
4.88
6.50
7.50
7.50
9.25
11.00
12.50
15.50
18.50
21.00
22.00
24.25
27.00
29.50
35.50
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
ASME
CL1500
4.00
4.38
4.88
6.50
7.50
8.00
9.50
11.50
12.50
15.50
19.00
22.50
25.00
27.75
30.50
32.75
39.00
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
ASME
CL2500
4.25
5.12
5.75
6.75
7.75
9.00
10.75
12.75
14.50
17.25
21.75
24.38
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
ASME Face-To-Face Dimensions for Flanged Regulators
BODY SIZE,
INCHES
1 1-1/4 1-1/2
2 2-1/2
3
4
6
8
10 12 16
FF—Flat-faced, RF—Raised-faced, and RTJ—Ring Type Joint
CL125 FF (Cast Iron)
CL150 RF (Steel),
Inches (mm)
7.25 (184)
7.88 (200)
8.75 (222)
10.00 (254)
10.88 (276)
11.75 (298)
13.88 (353)
17.75 (451)
21.38 (543)
26.50 (673)
29.00 (737)
40.00 (1016)
ASME CLASS AND END CONNECTIONS (INCH DIMENSIONS ARE IN ACCORDANCE WITH ISA S4.01.1-1997)
CL250 RF (Cast Iron)
CL300 RF (Steel),
Inches (mm)
41.62 (1057)
7.75 (197)
8.38 (213)
9.25 (235)
10.50 (267)
11.50 (292)
12.50 (317)
14.50 (368)
18.62 (473)
22.38 (568)
27.88 (708)
30.50 (775)
CL150 RJT (Steel),
Inches (mm)
7.75 (197)
8.38 (213)
9.25 (235)
10.50 (267)
11.38 (289)
12.25 (311)
14.38 (365)
18.25 (464)
21.88 (556)
27.00 (686)
29.50 (749)
40.50 (1029)
CL300 RJT (Steel),
Inches (mm)
8.25 (210)
8.88 (226)
9.75 (248)
11.12 (282)
12.12 (308)
13.12 (333)
15.12 (384)
19.25 (489)
23.00 (584)
28.50 (724)
31.12 (790)
42.25 (1073)
CL600 RF (Steel),
Inches (mm)
8.25 (210)
9.00 (229)
9.88 (251)
11.25 (286)
12.25 (311)
13.25 (337)
15.50 (394)
20.00 (508)
24.00 (610)
29.62 (752)
32.25 (819)
43.62 (1108)
CL600 RJT (Steel),
Inches (mm)
8.25 (210)
9.00 (229)
9.88 (251)
11.38 (289)
12.38 (314)
13.38 (340)
15.62 (397)
20.12 (511)
24.12 (613)
29.75 (756)
32.38 (822)
43.75 (1111)
707
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Wear and Galling Resistance Chart of Material Combinations
MATERIAL
304 Stainless Steel
316 Stainless Steel
Bronze
®
Inconel
®
Monel
Hastelloy® C
Nickel
Alloy 20
Type 416 Hard
Type 440 Hard
17-4PH
(1)
ENC
Cr Plate
Al Bronze
1. Electroless Nickel Coating S - Satisfactory F - Fair P - Poor
304 STAINLESS
STEEL
P P F P P
F P P F F
F F F F
316 STAINLESS
STEEL
P P F P P
F P P F F
F F F F
BRONZE INCONEL
F F S S S
S S S F F
F F F F
P P S P P
F P F F F
F F F S
- continued -
®
MONEL
®
P P S P P
F F F F F
F F F
S
HASTELLOY® C NICKEL
F F S F F
F F F F F
F F S S
P P S
F F
F P P
F
F
F
F S S
Wear and Galling Resistance Chart of Material Combinations (continued)
MATERIAL ALLOY 20 TYPE 416 HARD TYPE 440 HARD 17-4PH ENC
304 Stainless Steel
316 Stainless Steel
Bronze
®
Inconel
®
Monel
Hastelloy® C
Nickel
Alloy 20
Type 416 Hard
Type 440 Hard
17-4PH
(1)
ENC
Cr Plate
Al Bronze
1. Electroless Nickel Coating S - Satisfactory F - Fair P - Poor
P P S F F
F P P F F
F F S S
F F F F F
F F F F S
F S S S
F F F F F
F F F F F
S S S S
F F F F F
F F F F S
P S S S
(1)
F F F F F
F F
F S S
S P S S
Cr PLATE Al BRONZE
F F F F F
S F F S S
S S P S
F F
F S S
S S S S S
S S S P
Equivalent Lengths of Pipe Fittings and Valves
TYPE OF FITTING
OR VALVE
Standard tee with entry or
discharge through side
Standard elbow or run
of tee reduced 1/2
Medium sweep elbow or
(1)
run
of tee reduced 1/4
Long sweep elbow or
(1)
run
of standard tee
or buttery valve
45° elbow 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.7 5.0 7.5 10 12 15 17 20 22 24 30 37
Close return bend 3.7 5.1 6.2 8.5 10 13 15 19 24 37 49 62 75 86 100 110 125 150 185
Globe valve, wide-open 0.6 22 27 40 43 45 65 82 120 170 240 290 340 400 440 500 550 680 850
Angle valve, wide-open 8.2 11 14 18 21 28 33 42 56 85 112 145 165 190 220 250 280 340 420
Swing check valve, 
wide-open
Gate valve, wide-open, or 
slight bushing reduction
  1.  A uid is said to ow through the run of a tee when the ow is straight through the tee with no change of direction.
2. A tee is said to be reduced 1/4 if the internal area of the smaller connecting pipe is 25% less than the internal area of the larger connecting pipe.
1/2 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 O.D. 16 O.D. 18 O.D. 20 O.D. 24 O.D. 30 O.D.
3.4 4.5 5.5 7.5 9.0 12 14 17 22 33 43 55 65 78 85 105 115 135 170
(1)
1.7 2.2 2.7 3.7 4.3 5.5 6.5 8 12 16 20 26 31 36 42 47 52 64 80
(2)
1.3 1.8 2.3 3.0 3.7 4.6 5.4 6.8 9.0 14 18 22 26 30 35 40 43 55 67
(2)
1 1.3 1.7 2.3 2.7 3.5 4.2 5.3 7 11 14 17 20 23 26 31 34 41 52
4.0 5.2 6.6 9.0 11 14 16 19 26 39 52 66 78 92 106 120 130 145 160
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.7 2.3 3.5 4.5 5.7 6.7 8.0 9.0 11 12 14 17
LENGTHS IN FEET OF STANDARD PIPE
Nominal Pipe Size in Inches
708
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Pipe Data: Carbon and Allow Steel—Stainless Steel
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE
(INCHES)
1/8 0.405
1/4 0.540
3/8 0.675
1/2 0.840
3/4 1.050
1-1/4 1.660
1-1/2 1.900
  Identication, wall thickness and weights are extracted from ASME B36.10 and B39.19.   The notations STD, XS, and XXS indicate Standard, Extra Strong, and Double Extra Strong pipe, respectively.
Transverse internal area values listed in “square feet” also represent volume in cubic feet per foot of pipe length.
OUTSIDE
DIAMETER
(INCHES)
1 1.315
2 2.375
Iron Pipe
IDENTIFICATION
Steel
Size
- - - ­STD
- - - ­STD
- - - ­STD
- - - -
- - - ­STD
- - - ­XXS
- - - -
- - - ­STD
- - - ­XXS
- - - -
- - - ­STD
- - - ­XXS
- - - -
- - - ­STD
- - - ­XXS
- - - -
- - - ­STD
- - - ­XXS
- - - -
- - - ­STD
- - - ­XXS
Schedule
XS 80 80S 0.095 0.215 0.0925 0.0365 0.00025 0.31 0.016
XS 80 80S 0.119 0.302 0.1574 0.0716 0.00050 0.54 0.031
XS 80 80S 0.126 0.423 0.2173 0.1405 0.00098 0.74 0.061
XS
XS
XS
XS
XS
XS
No.
- - - ­40
- - - ­40
- - - ­40
- - - -
- - - ­40
80
160
- - - -
- - - -
- - - ­40
80
160
- - - -
- - - -
- - - ­40
80
160
- - - -
- - - -
- - - ­40
80
160
- - - -
- - - -
- - - ­40
80
160
- - - -
- - - -
- - - ­40
80
160
- - - -
Stainless Steel
Schedule No.
10S 40S
10S 40S
10S 40S
5S 10S 40S
80S
- - - -
- - - -
5S 10S 40S
80S
- - - -
- - - -
5S 10S 40S
80S
- - - -
- - - -
5S 10S 40S
80S
- - - -
- - - -
5S 10S 40S
80S
- - - -
- - - -
5S 10S 40S
80S
- - - -
- - - -
WALL
THICKNESS (t)
(INCHES)
0.049
0.068
0.065
0.088
0.065
0.091
0.065
0.083
0.109
0.147
0.187
0.294
0.065
0.083
0.113
0.154
0.219
0.308
0.065
0.109
0.133
0.065
0.250
0.358
0.065
0.109
0.140
0.191
0.250
0.382
0.065
0.109
0.145
0.200
0.281
0.400
0.065
0.109
0.154
0.218
0.344
0.436
INSIDE
DIAMETER (d)
(INCHES)
0.307
0.269
0.410
0.364
0.545
0.493
0.710
0.674
0.622
0.546
0.466
0.252
0.920
0.884
0.824
0.742
0.612
0.434
1.185
1.097
1.049
0.957
0.815
0.599
1.530
1.442
1.380
1.278
1.160
0.896
1.770
1.682
1.610
1.500
1.338
1.100
2.245
2.157
2.067
1.939
1.687
1.503
AREA OF
METAL
(SQUARE
INCHES)
0.0548
0.0720
0.0970
0.1250
0.1246
0.1670
0.1583
0.1974
0.2503
0.3200
0.3836
0.5043
0.2011
0.2521
0.3326
0.4335
0.5698
0.7180
0.2553
0.4130
0.4939
0.6388
0.8365
1.0760
0.3257
0.4717
0.6685
0.8815
1.1070
1.534
0.3747
0.6133
0.7995
1.068
1.429
1.885
0.4717
0.7760
1.075
1.477
2.190
2.656
TRANSVERSE INTERNAL
AREA
(a)
(Square
Inches)
0.0740
0.0568
0.1320
0.1041
0.2333
0.1910
0.3959
0.3568
0.3040
0.2340
0.1706
0.050
0.6648
0.6138
0.5330
0.4330
0.2961
0.148
1.1029
0.9452
0.8640
0.7190
0.5217
0.282
1.839
1.633
1.495
1.283
1.057
0.630
2.461
2.222
2.036
1.767
1.406
0.950
3.958
3.654
3.355
2.953
2.241
1.774
(A)
(Square
Feet)
0.00051
0.00040
0.00091
0.00072
0.00162
0.00133
0.00275
0.00248
0.00211
0.00163
0.00118
0.00035
0.00462
0.00426
0.00371
0.00300
0.00206
0.00103
0.00766
0.00656
0.00600
0.00499
0.00362
0.00196
0.01277
0.01134
0.01040
0.00891
0.00734
0.00438
0.01709
0.01543
0.01414
0.01225
0.00976
0.00660
0.02749
0.02538
0.02330
0.02050
0.01556
0.01232
WEIGHT
PIPE
(POUNDS
PER FOOT)
0.19
0.24
0.33
0.42
0.42
0.57
0.54
0.67
0.85
1.09
1.31
1.71
0.69
0.86
1.13
1.47
1.94
2.44
0.87
1.40
1.68
2.17
2.84
3.66
1.11
1.81
2.27
3.00
3.76
5.21
1.28
2.09
2.72
3.63
4.86
6.41
1.61
2.64
3.65
5.02
7.46
9.03
WEIGHT
WATER
(POUNDS
PER FOOT
OF PIPE)
0.032
0.025
0.057
0.045
0.101
0.083
0.172
0.155
0.132
0.102
0.074
0.022
0.288
0.266
0.231
0.188
0.128
0.064
0.478
0.409
0.375
0.312
0.230
0.122
0.797
0.708
0.649
0.555
0.458
0.273
1.066
0.963
0.882
0.765
0.608
0.42
1.72
1.58
1.45
1.28
0.97
0.77
- continued -
709
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Pipe Data: Carbon and Allow Steel—Stainless Steel (continued)
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE
(INCHES)
2-1/2 2.875
3-1/2 4.000
  Identication, wall thickness and weights are extracted from ASME B36.10 and B39.19.   The notations STD, XS, and XXS indicate Standard, Extra Strong, and Double Extra Strong pipe, respectively.
Transverse internal area values listed in “square feet” also represent volume in cubic feet per foot of pipe length.
OUTSIDE
DIAMETER
(INCHES)
3 3.500
4 4.500
5 5.563
6 6.625
9 8.625
10 10.750
Iron Pipe
IDENTIFICATION
Steel
Size
- - - -
- - - ­STD
XS
- - - ­XXS
- - - -
- - - ­STD
XS
- - - ­XXS
- - - -
- - - ­STD
XS 80 80S 0.318 3.364 3.678 8.888 0.06170 12.50 3.84
- - - -
- - - ­STD
XS
- - - -
- - - ­XXS
- - - -
- - - ­STD
XS
- - - -
- - - ­XXS
- - - -
- - - ­STD
XS
- - - -
- - - ­XXS
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - ­STD
- - - ­XS
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
XXS
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
STD
XS
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
XXS
- - - -
Schedule
No.
- - - -
- - - ­40
80
160
- - - -
- - - -
- - - ­40
80
160
- - - -
- - - -
- - - ­40
- - - -
- - - ­40
80
120 160
- - - -
- - - -
- - - ­40
80
120 160
- - - -
- - - -
- - - ­40
80
120 160
- - - -
- - - -
- - - ­20 30 40
60 80
100 120 140
- - - -
160
- - - -
- - - ­20 30 40
60 80
100 120 140 160
Stainless
Steel
Schedule No.
5S 10S 40S
80S
- - - -
- - - -
5S 10S 40S
80S
- - - -
- - - -
5S 10S 40S
5S 10S 40S
80S
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
5S 10S 40S
80S
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
5S 10S 40S
80S
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
5S 10S
- - - -
- - - ­40S
- - - ­80S
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
5S
10S
- - - -
- - - ­40S
80S
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
WALL
THICKNESS (t)
(INCHES)
0.083
0.120
0.203
0.279
0.375
0.552
0.083
0.120
0.216
0.300
0.438
0.600
0.083
0.120
0.226
0.083
0.120
0.237
0.337
0.438
0.531
0.674
0.109
0.134
0.258
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.109
0.134
0.280
0.432
0.562
0.719
0.864
0.109
0.148
0.250
0.277
0.322
0.406
0.500
0.594
0.719
0.812
0.875
0.906
0.134
0.165
0.250
0.307
0.365
0.500
0.594
0.719
0.844
1.000
1.125
INSIDE
DIAMETER (d)
(INCHES)
2.709
2.635
2.469
2.323
2.125
1.771
3.334
3.260
3.068
2.900
2.624
2.300
3.834
3.760
3.548
4.334
4.260
4.026
3.826
3.624
3.438
3.152
5.345
5.295
5.047
4.813
4.563
4.313
4.063
6.407
6.357
6.065
5.761
5.501
5.187
4.897
8.407
8.329
8.125
8.071
7.981
7.813
7.625
7.437
7.187
7.001
6.875
6.813
10.482
10.420
10.250
10.136
10.020
9.750
9.562
9.312
9.062
8.750
8.500
AREA OF
METAL
(SQUARE
INCHES)
0.7280
1.039
1.704
2.254
2.945
4.028
0.8910
1.274
2.228
3.016
4.205
5.466
1.021
1.463
2.680
1.152
1.651
3.174
4.407
5.595
6.621
8.101
1.868
2.285
4.300
6.112
7.953
9.696
11.340
2.231
2.733
5.581
8.405
10.70
13.32
15.64
2.916
3.941
6.57
7.26
8.40
10.48
12.76
14.96
17.84
19.93
21.30
21.97
4.36
5.49
8.24
10.07
11.90
16.10
18.92
22.63
26.24
30.63
34.02
TRANSVERSE INTERNAL
(a)
(Square
Inches)
5.764
5.453
4.788
4.238
3.546
2.464
8.730
8.347
7.393
6.605
5.408
4.155
11.545
11.104
9.886
14.75
14.25
12.73
11.50
10.31
9.28
7.80
22.44
22.02
20.01
18.19
16.35
14.61
12.97
32.24
31.74
28.89
26.07
23.77
21.15
18.84
55.51
54.48
51.85
51.16
50.03
47.94
45.66
43.46
40.59
38.50
37.12
36.46
86.29
85.28
82.52
80.69
78.86
74.66
71.84
68.13
64.53
60.13
56.75
AREA
(A)
(Square
Feet)
0.04002
0.03787
0.03322
0.02942
0.02463
0.01710
0.06063
0.05796
0.05130
0.04587
0.03755
0.02885
0.08017
0.07711
0.06870
0.10245
0.09898
0.08840
0.07986
0.0716
0.0645
0.0542
0.1558
0.1529
0.1390
0.1263
0.1136
0.1015
0.0901
0.2239
0.2204
0.2006
0.1810
0.1650
0.1469
0.1308
0.3855
0.3784
0.3601
0.3553
0.3474
0.3329
0.3171
0.3018
0.2819
0.2673
0.2578
0.2532
0.5992
0.5922
0.5731
0.5603
0.5475
0.5185
0.4989
0.4732
0.4481
0.4176
0.3941
WEIGHT PIPE
(POUNDS
PER FOOT)
2.48
3.53
5.79
7.66
10.01
13.69
3.03
4.33
7.58
10.25
14.32
18.58
3.48
4.97
9.11
3.92
5.61
10.79
14.98
19.00
22.51
27.54
6.36
7.77
14.62
20.78
27.04
32.96
38.55
7.60
9.29
18.97
28.57
36.39
45.35
53.16
9.93
13.40
22.36
24.70
28.55
35.64
43.39
50.95
60.71
67.76
72.42
74.69
15.19
18.65
28.04
34.24
40.48
54.74
64.43
77.03
89.29
104.13
115.64
WEIGHT
WATER
(POUNDS
PER FOOT
OF PIPE)
2.50
2.36
2.07
1.87
1.54
1.07
3.78
3.62
3.20
2.86
2.35
1.80
5.00
4.81
4.29
6.39
6.18
5.50
4.98
4.47
4.02
3.38
9.72
9.54
8.67
7.88
7.09
6.33
5.61
13.97
13.75
12.51
11.29
10.30
9.16
8.16
24.06
23.61
22.47
22.17
21.70
20.77
19.78
18.83
17.59
16.68
16.10
15.80
37.39
36.95
35.76
34.96
34.20
32.35
31.13
29.53
27.96
26.06
24.59
710
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
American Pipe Flange Dimensions
ASME CLASS FLANGE DIAMETER - INCHES, PER ASME B16.1, B16.5, AND B16.24
Nominal
Pipe Size
  1.  Sizes 1 through 12-inch also apply to ASME Class 150 bronze anges.
  2.  Sizes 1 through 8-inch also apply to ASME Class 300 bronze anges.
1 1-1/4 1-1/2
2 2-1/2
3
4
5
6
8
10 12 14 16 18
20 24 30 36 42 48
125 (Cast Iron)
or 150 (Steel)
4.25
4.62
5.00
6.00
7.00
7.50
9.00
10.00
11.00
13.50
16.00
19.00
21.00
23.50
25.00
27.50
32.00
38.75
46.00
53.00
59.50
250 (Cast Iron)
(1)
or 300 (Steel)
4.88
5.25
6.12
6.50
7.50
8.25
10.00
11.00
12.50
15.00
17.50
20.50
23.00
25.50
28.00
30.50
36.00
43.00
50.00
57.00
65.00
600 900 1500 2500
(2)
4.88
5.88
5.25
6.25
6.12
7.00
6.50
8.50
7.50
9.62
8.25
9.50
11.50
13.75
15.00
18.50
21.50
24.00
25.25
27.75
31.00
33.75
41.00
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
10.50
12.25
14.75
15.50
19.00
23.00
26.50
29.50
32.50
36.00
38.75
46.00
10.75
13.00
14.00
16.50
20.00
22.00
23.75
27.00
29.25
32.00
37.00
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
5.88
6.25
7.00
8.50
9.62
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
6.25
7.25
8.00
9.25
10.50
12.00
14.00
16.50
19.00
21.75
26.50
30.00
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
American Pipe Flange Dimensions
ASME CLASS, NUMBER OF STUD BOLTS AND HOLE DIAMETER IN INCHES,
Nominal
Pipe Size
1 1-1/4 1-1/2
2 2-1/2
3
4
5
6
8
10 12 14 16 18
20 24 30 36 42 48
  1.  Sizes 1 through 12-inch also apply to ASME Class 150 bronze anges.
  2.  Sizes 1 through 8-inch also apply to ASME Class 300 bronze anges.
PER ASME B16.1, B16.5, AND B16.24
125 (Cast
Iron) or 150
(Steel)
No. Ø No. Ø No. Ø No. Ø No. Ø No. Ø
4 4 4 4 4
4 8 8 8 8
12 12 12 16 16
20 20 28 32 36 44
(1)
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.62
0.62
0.62
0.62
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.88
0.88
1.00
1.00
1.12
1.12
1.25
1.25
1.50
1.50
1.50
250 (Cast
Iron) or 300
(2)
(Steel)
4
0.62
4
0.62
4
0.75
8
0.62
8
0.75
8
0.75
8
0.75
8
0.75
12
0.75
12
0.88
16
1.00
16
1.12
20
1.12
20
1.25
24
1.25
24
1.25
24
1.50
28
1.75
32
2.00
36
2.00
40
2.00
600 900 1500 2500
4
0.62
4
0.88
4 4 4 8 8
8 8
8 12 12
12 16 16 16 16
16 16
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
0.88
0.88
1.00
0.88
1.00
1.12
1.25
1.50
1.38
1.62
1.88
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.50
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
12 12
16 20 20 20 20
24 24
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
4
0.62
4
4
0.75
8
0.62
8
0.75
8
0.75
8
0.75
8
1.00
1.00
1.12
1.25
1.25
1.38
1.50
1.62
1.62
1.88
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
4 8 8
8 8
8 12 12
16 20 20 20 20
20 20
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
0.88
1.00
0.88
1.00
0.88
0.12
1.25
1.12
1.38
1.38
1.38
1.50
1.62
1.88
2.00
2.50
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
4 4 4 8 8
8 8 8 8
12
12 12
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
0.88
1.00
1.12
1.00
1.12
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.00
2.50
2.75
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
- - - -
EN 1092-1 Cast Steel Flange Standard-PN 16
(Nominal Pressure 16 bar)
NOMINAL
BORE,
mm
10 15 20 25 32
40 50 65 80
100
125 150 175 200 250
300 350 400 500 600
700 800
900 1000 1200
1400 1600 1800 2000 2200
PIPE
THICKNESS,
mm
6 6
6,5
7 7
7,5
8 8
8,5 9,5
10 11 12 12 14
15 16 18 21 23
24 26 27 29 32
34 36 39 41 43
FLANGE, mm BOLTING, mm
Outside
Diameter
90
95 105 115 140
150 165 185 200 220
250 285 315 340 405
460 520 580 715 840
910
1025 1125 1255 1485
1685 1930 2130 2345 2555
Thickness
16 16 18 18 18
18 20 18 20 20
22 22 24 24 26
28 30 32 36 40
42 42 44 46 52
58 64 68 70 74
Bolt Circle
Diameter
60 65 75 85
100
110 125 145 160 180
210 240 270 295 355
410 470 525 650 770
840
950 1050 1170 1390
1590 1820 2020 2230 2440
Number of
Bolts
4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 8 8
8 8
8 12 12
12 16 16 20 20
24 24 28 28 32
36 40 44 48 52
Thread
M12 M12 M12 M12 M16
M16 M16 M16 M16 M16
M16 M20 M20 M20 M24
M24 M24 M27 M30 M33
M33 M36 M36 M39 M45
M45 M52 M52 M56 M56
Bolt Hole Diameter
14 14 14 14 18
18 18 18 18 18
18 23 23 23 27
27 27 30 33 36
36 39 39 42 48
48 56 56 62 62
EN 1092-1 Cast Steel Flange Standard-PN 25
(Nominal Pressure 25 bar)
NOMINAL
BORE,
mm
10 15 20 25 32
40 50 65 80
100
125 150 175 200 250
300 350 400 500 600
700 800
900 1000 1200
1400 1600 1800 2000
PIPE
THICKNESS,
mm
6 6
6,5
7 7
7,5
8
8,5
9
10
11 12 12 12 14
15 16 18 21 23
24 26 27 29 32
34 37 40 43
FLANGE, mm BOLTING, mm
Outside
Diameter
90
95 105 115 140
150 165 185 200 235
270 300 330 360 425
485 555 620 730 845
960
1085 1185 1320 1530
1755 1975 2195 2425
Thickness
16 16 18 18 18
18 20 22 24 24
26 28 28 30 32
34 38 40 44 46
50 54 58 62 70
76 84 90 96
Bolt Circle
Diameter
60 65 75 85
100
110 125 145 160 190
220 250 280 310 370
430 490 550 660 770
875
990 1090 1210 1420
1640 1860 2070 2300
Number of
Bolts
4 4 4 4 4
4 4 8 8 8
8
8 12 12 12
16 16 16 20 20
24 24 28 28 32
36 40 44 48
Thread
M12 M12 M12 M12 M16
M16 M16 M16 M16 M20
M24 M24 M24 M24 M27
M27 M30 M33 M33 M36
M39 M45 M45 M52 M52
M56 M56 M64 M64
Bolt Hole Diameter
14 14 14 14 18
18 18 18 18 23
27 27 27 27 30
30 33 36 36 39
42 48 48 56 56
62 62 70 70
711
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
EN 1092-1 Cast Steel Flange Standard–PN 40
(Nominal Pressure 40 Bar)
NOMINAL
BORE,
mm
10 15 20 25 32
40 50 65 80
100
125 150 175 200 250
300 350 400 450 500
600 700 800 900
1000
1200 1400 1600
PIPE
THICKNESS,
mm
6 6
6,5
7 7
7,5
8
8,5
9
10
11 12 13 14 16
17 19 21 21 21
24 27 30 33 36
42 47 54
FLANGE, mm BOLTING, mm
Outside
Diameter
90
95 105 115 140
150 165 185 200 235
270 300 350 375 450
515 580 660 685 755
890 995
1140 1250 1360
1575 1795 2025
Thickness
16 16 18 18 18
18 20 22 24 24
26 28 32 34 38
42 46 50 50 52
60 64 72 76 80
88 98
108
Bolt Circle
Diameter
60 65 75 85
100
110 125 145 160 190
220 250 295 320 385
450 510 585 610 670
795
900 1030 1140 1250
1460 1680 1900
Number of
Bolts
4 4 4 4 4
4 4 8 8 8
8
8 12 12 12
16 16 16 20 20
20 24 24 28 28
32 36 40
Thread
M12 M12 M12 M12 M16
M16 M16 M16 M16 M20
M24 M24 M27 M27 M30
M30 M33 M36 M36 M39
M45 M45 M52 M52 M52
M56 M56 M64
Bolt Hole Diameter
14 14 14 14 18
18 18 18 18 23
27 27 30 30 33
33 36 39 39 42
48 48 56 56 56
62 62 70
EN 1092-1 Cast Steel Flange Standard–PN 63
(Nominal Pressure 63 Bar)
NOMINAL
BORE,
mm
10 15 25 32 40
50 65
80 100 125
150 175 200 250 300
350 400 500 600 700
800 900
1000 1200
PIPE
THICKNESS,
mm
10 10 10 12 10
10 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 19 21
23 26 31 35 40
45 50 55 64
FLANGE, mm BOLTING, mm
Outside
Diameter
100 105 140 155 170
180 205 215 250 295
345 375 415 470 530
600 670 800 930
1045
1165 1285 1415 1665
Thickness
20 20 24 24 28
26 26 28 30 34
36 40 42 46 52
56 60 68 76 84
92
98 108 126
Bolt Circle
Diameter
70
75 100 110 125
135 160 170 200 240
280 310 345 400 460
525 585 705 820 935
1050 1170 1290 1530
Number of
Bolts
4 4 4 4 4
4 8 8 8 8
8 12 12 12 16
16 16 20 20 24
24 28 28 32
Thread
M12 M12 M16 M20 M20
M20 M20 M20 M24 M27
M30 M30 M33 M33 M33
M36 M39 M45 M52 M52
M56 M56 M64
M72X6
Bolt Hole
Diameter
14 14 18 23 22
22 22 22 26 30
33 33 36 36 36
39 42 48 56 56
62 62 70 78
EN 1092-1 Cast Steel Flange Standard—PN 100 (Nominal Pressure 100 Bar)
NOMINAL
BORE,
mm
10 15 25 32 40
50 65
80 100 125
PIPE
THICKNESS,
mm
10 10 10 12 10
10 11 12 14 16
FLANGE, mm BOLTING, mm
Outside
Diameter
100 105 140 155 170
195 220 230 265 315
Thickness
20 20 24 24 28
30 34 36 40 40
Bolt Circle
Diameter
70
75 100 110 125
145 170 180 210 250
Number
of Bolts
NOMINAL
BORE,
Bolt Hole
Thread
Diameter
4
M12
4
M12
4
M16
4
M20
4
M20
4
M24
8
M24
8
M24
8
M27
8
M30
14 14 18 23 22
26 26 26 30 33
mm
150 175 200 250 300
350 400 500 600 700
THICKNESS,
EN 1092-1 Pressure/Temperature Ratings for Cast Steel Flanges
PN
16
25
40
63
100
1.  These ratings apply only for ange types 05, 11, 12, 13, and 21 having nominal sizes up and including DN 600.
MATERIAL
GROUP
1C1 232 (16,0) 226 (15,6) 219 (15,1) 209 (14,4) 194 (13,4) 186 (12,8) 180 (12,4) 157 (10,8)
1C2 218 (15,0) 218 (15,0) 218 (15,0) 225 (15,5) 216 (14,9) 206 (14,2) 199 (13,7) 157 (10,8)
1C1 363 (25,0) 354 (24,4) 344 (23,7) 326 (22,5) 303 (20,9) 290 (20,0) 281 (19,4) 245 (16,9)
1C2 363 (25,0) 363 (25,0) 363 (25,0) 363 (25,0) 338 (23,3) 322 (22,2) 310 (21,4) 245 (16,9)
1C1 580 (40,0) 567 (39,1) 550 (37,9) 522 (36,0) 486 (33,5) 463 (31,9) 451 (31,1) 392 (27,0)
1C2 580 (40,0) 580 (40,0) 580 (40,0) 580 (40,0) 540 (37,2) 516 (35,6) 496 (34,2) 392 (27,0)
1C1 914 (63,0) 892 (61,5) 864 (59,6) 824 (56,8) 764 (52,7) 730 (50,3) 711 (49,0) 616 (42,5)
1C2 914 (63,0) 914 (63,0) 914 (63,0) 914 (63,0) 851 (58,7) 812 (56,0) 780 (53,8) 616 (42,5)
1C1 1450 (100) 1417 (97,7) 1374 (94,7) 1307 (90,1) 1252 (86,3) 1157 (79,8) 1128 (77,8) 979 (67,5)
1C2 1450 (100) 1450 (100) 1450 (100) 1450 (100) 1350 (93,1) 1289 (88,9) 1239 (85,4) 979 (67,5)
14 to 212°F
(-10 to 100°C)
302°F
(150°C)
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE PRESSURE, PSIG (bar)
392°F
(200°C)
482°F
(250°C)
PIPE
mm
18 20 21 25 29
32 36 44 51 59
Outside
Diameter
1145
572°F
(300°C)
FLANGE, mm BOLTING, mm
355 385 430 505 585
655 715 870 990
Thickness
44 48 52 60 68
74 78
94 104 120
(1)
662°F
(350°C)
Bolt Circle
Diameter
290 320 360 430 500
560 620 760 875
1020
Number of Bolts
12 12 12 12 16
16 16 20 20 24
707°F
(375°C)
Thread
M30 M30 M33 M36 M39
M45 M45 M52 M56 M64
Bolt Hole Diameter
752°F
(400°C)
33 33 36 39 42
48 48 56 62 70
Te c h n i c a l
Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data
Drill Sizes for Pipe Taps
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE, (INCHES)
1/8 11/32 1-1/2 1-23/32
1/4 7/16 2 2-3/16
3/8 19/32 2-1/2 2-9/16
1/2 23/32 3 3-3/16
3/4 15/16 4 4-3/16
1 1-5/32 5 5-5/16
1-1/4 1-1/2 6 6-5/16
DESIGNATION DIAMETER (IN.) AREA (SQ. IN.) DESIGNATION DIAMETER (IN.) AREA (SQ. IN.) DESIGNATION DIAMETER (IN.) AREA (SQ. IN.)
1/2 31/64 15/32 29/64
7/16
27/64
Z
13/32
Y Z
25/64
W
V
3/8
U
23/64
T S
11/32
R
Q
21/64
P O
5/16
N
19/64
M L
9/32
K
J I
H
17/64
G F
E 1/4
D C
B
15/64
A 1 2
7/32 0.2188 0.03758 41 0.0960 0.00724 - - - - - - - - - - - -
  Note: Designations are in fractions of an inch, in standard twist drill letters, or in standard twist drill numbers, the latter being the same as steel wire gauge numbers.
0.5000
0.4844
0.4688
0.4531
0.4375
0.4219
0.413
0.4063
0.404
0.397
0.3906
0.386
0.377
0.375
0.368
0.3594
0.358
0.348
0.3438
0.339
0.332
0.3281
0.323
0.316
0.3125
0.302
0.2969
0.295
0.29
0.2813
0.281
0.277
0.272
0.266
0.2656
0.261
0.257
0.2500
0.246
0.242
0.238
0.2344
0.234
0.228
0.221
0.1963
0.1843
0.1726
0.1613
0.1503
0.1398
0.1340
0.1296
0.1282
0.1238
0.1198
0.1170
0.1116
0.1104
0.1064
0.1014
0.1006
0.09511
0.09281
0.09026
0.08657
0.08456
0.08194
0.07843
0.07670
0.07163
0.06922
0.06835
0.06605
0.06213
0.06202
0.06026
0.05811
0.05557
0.05542
0.05350
0.05187
0.04909
0.04753
0.04600
0.04449
0.04314
0.04301
0.04083
0.03836
TAP DRILL SIZE,
(INCHES)
Standard Twist Drill Sizes
3 4 5 6
13/64
7 8
9 10 11
12
3/16
13 14 15
16 17
11/64
18 19
20 21 22
5/32
23
24 25 26 27
9/64
28 29 30
1/8
31
32 33 34 35
7/64
36 37 38 39 40
0.213
0.209
0.2055
0.204
0.2031
0.201
0.199
0.196
0.1935
0.191
0.189
0.1875
0.185
0.182
0.1800
0.1770
0.1730
0.1719
0.1695
0.1660
0.1610
0.1590
0.1570
0.1563
0.1540
0.1520
0.1495
0.1470
0.1440
0.1406
0.1405
0.1360
0.1285
0.1250
0.1200
0.1160
0.1130
0.1110
0.1100
0.1094
0.1065
0.1040
0.1015
0.0995
0.0980
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE, (INCHES)
0.03563
0.03431
0.03317
0.03269
0.03241
0.03173
0.03110
0.03017
0.02940
0.02865
0.02806
0.02861
0.02688
0.02602
0.02554
0.02461
0.02351
0.02320
0.02256
0.02164
0.02036
0.01986
0.01936
0.01917
0.01863
0.01815
0.01755
0.01697
0.01629
0.01553
0.01549
0.01453
0.01296
0.01227
0.01131
0.01057
0.01003
0.00968
0.00950
0.00940
0.00891
0.00849
0.00809
0.00778
0.00754
3/32
42 43 44 45
46 47
5/64
48 49
50 51 52
1/16
53
54 55
3/64
56 57
58 59 60 61 62
63 64 65 66 67
1/32
68 69 70 71
72 73 74 75 76
77 78
1/64
79 80
TAP DRILL SIZE,
(INCHES)
0.0938
0.0935
0.0890
0.0860
0.0820
0.0810
0.0785
0.0781
0.0760
0.0730
0.0700
0.0670
0.0635
0.0625
0.0595
0.0550
0.0520
0.0473
0.0465
0.0430
0.0420
0.0410
0.0400
0.039
0.038
0.037
0.036
0.035
0.033
0.032
0.0313
0.031
0.0292
0.028
0.026
0.025
0.024
0.0225
0.021
0.020
0.018
0.016
0.0156
0.0145
0.0135
0.00690
0.00687
0.00622
0.00581
0.00528
0.00515
0.00484
0.00479
0.00454
0.00419
0.00385
0.00353
0.00317
0.00307
0.00278
0.00238
0.00212
0.00173
0.001698
0.001452
0.001385
0.001320
0.001257
0.001195
0.001134
0.001075
0.001018
0.000962
0.000855
0.000804
0.000765
0.000755
0.000670
0.000616
0.000531
0.000491
0.000452
0.000398
0.000346
0.000314
0.000254
0.000201
0.000191
0.000165
0.000143
712
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