Fisher Reference Manuals & Guides

Chemical Compatibility of Elastomers and Metals

Te c h n i c a l

Introduction

This section explains the uses and compatibilities of elastomers
commonly used in Fisher® regulators. The following tables
provide the compatibility of the most common elastomers and
metals to a variety of chemicals and/or compounds.

The information contained herein is extracted from data we believe
to be reliable. However, because of variable service conditions over
which we have no control, we do not in any way make any warranty,
either express or implied, as to the properties of any materials or as to
the performance of any such materials in any particular application, and
we hereby expressly disclaim any responsibility for the accuracy of any
of the information set forth herein.

Refer to the applicable process gas service code or standard

to determine if a specic material found in the Process Gases

Application Guide is allowed to be used in that service.

Elastomers: Chemical Names and Uses

NBR - Nitrile Rubber, also called Buna-N, is a copolymer of

butadiene and acrylonitrile. Nitrile is recommended for: general

purpose sealing, petroleum oils and uids, water, silicone greases

and oils, di-ester based lubricants (such as MIL-L-7808), and

ethylene glycol based uids (Hydrolubes). It is not recommended

for: halogenated hydrocarbons, nitro hydrocarbons (such as

nitrobenzene and aniline), phosphate ester hydraulic uids

(Skydrol, Cellulube, Pydraul), ketones (MEK, acetone), strong

acids, ozone, and automotive brake uid. Its temperature range is

-60° to 225°F (-51° to 107°C), although this would involve more
than one compound and would depend upon the stress state of the
component in service.

EPDM, EPM - Ethylenepropylene rubber is an elastomer prepared

from ethylene and propylene monomers. EPM is a copolymer of
ethylene and propylene, while EPDM contains a small amount
of a third monomer (a diene) to aid in the curing process. EP is

recommended for: phosphate ester based hydraulic uids, steam to

400°F (204°C), water, silicone oils and greases, dilute acids, dilute

alkalis, ketones, alcohols, and automotive brake uids. It is not

recommended for: petroleum oils, and di-ester based lubricants.
Its temperature range is -60° to 500°F (-51° to 260°C) (The high
limit would make use of a special high temperature formulation
developed for geothermal applications).

FKM - This is a uoroelastomer of the polymethylene type having

substituent uoro and peruoroalkyl or peruoroalkoxy groups

on the polymer chain. Viton® and Fluorel® are the most common
trade names. FKM is recommended for: petroleum oils, di-ester
based lubricants, silicate ester based lubricants (such as MLO

8200, MLO 8515, OS-45), silicone uids and greases, halogenated
hydrocarbons, selected phosphate ester uids, and some acids. It

is not recommended for: ketones, Skydrol 500, amines (UDMH),
anhydrous ammonia, low molecular weight esters and ethers, and

hot hydrouoric and chlorosulfonic acids. Its temperature range is

-20° to 450°F (-29° to 232°C) (This extended range would require

special grades and would limit use on each end of the range.).

CR - This is chloroprene, commonly know as neoprene, which

is a homopolymer of chloroprene (chlorobutadiene). CR is
recommended for: refrigerants (Freons, ammonia), high aniline

point petroleum oils, mild acids, and silicate ester uids. It is
not recommended for: phosphate ester uids and ketones. Its
temperature range is -60° to 200°F (-51° to 93°C), although this

would involve more than one compound.

NR - This is natural rubber which is a natural polyisoprene,

primarily from the tree, Hevea Brasiliensis. The synthetics
have all but completely replaced natural rubber for seal use.

NR is recommended for automotive brake uid, and it is not

recommended for petroleum products. Its temperature range is

-80° to 180°F (-62° to 82°C).

FXM - This is a copolymer of tetrauoroethylene and propylene;

hence, it is sometimes called PTFE/P rubber. Common trade

names are Aas® (Asahi Glass Co., Ltd) and Fluoraz® (Greene,

Tweed & Co.). It is generally used where resistance to both
hydrocarbons and hot water are required. Its temperature range is
20° to 400°F (-7° to 204°C).

ECO - This is commonly called Hydrin® rubber, although that is a

trade name for a series of rubber materials by B.F. Goodrich. CO
is the designation for the homopolymer of epichlorohydrin, ECO is
the designation for a copolymer of ethylene oxide and chloromethyl
oxirane (epichlorohydrin copolymer), and ETER is the designation
for the terpolymer of epichlorohydrin, ethylene oxide, and an
unsaturated monomer. All the epichlorohydrin rubbers exhibit
better heat resistance than nitrile rubbers, but corrosion with
aluminum may limit applications. Normal temperature range is
(-40° to 250°F (-40° to 121°C), while maximum temperature ranges

are -40° to 275°F (-40° to 135°C) (for homopolymer CO) and

-65° to 275°F (-54° to 135°C) (for copolymer ECO and

terpolymer ETER).

FFKM - This is a peruoroelastomer generally better known as

Kalrez® (DuPont) and Chemraz® (Greene, Tweed). Peruoro
rubbers of the polymethylene type have all substituent groups on

the polymer chain of uoro, peruoroalkyl, or peruoroalkoxy

groups. The resulting polymer has superior chemical resistance
and heat temperature resistance. This elastomer is extremely
expensive and should be used only when all else fails. Its
temperature range is 0° to 480°F (-18° to 249°C). Some materials,
such as Kalrez® 1050LF is usable to 550°F (288°C) and
Kalrez® 4079 can be used to 600°F (316°C).

FVMQ - This is uorosilicone rubber which is an elastomer that

should be used for static seals because it has poor mechanical
properties. It has good low and high temperature resistance and

is reasonably resistant to oils and fuels because of its uorination.
Because of the cost, it only nds specialty use. Its temperature

range is -80° to 400°F (-62° to 204°C).

VMQ - This is the most general term for silicone rubber. Silicone

rubber can be designated MQ, PMQ, and PVMQ, where the Q
designates any rubber with silicon and oxygen in the polymer
chain, and M, P, and V represent methyl, phenyl, and vinyl
substituent groups on the polymer chain. This elastomer is used
only for static seals due to its poor mechanical properties. Its

temperature range is -175° to 600°F (-115° to 316°C) (Extended

temperature ranges require special compounds for high or
low temperatures).

659

Chemical Compatibility of Elastomers and Metals

Te c h n i c a l

660

General Properties of Elastomers

PROPERTY

Tensile

Strength,

Psi (bar)

Abrasion Resistance Excellent Good Good Excellent Fair Poor Poor Excellent Very Good Excellent Good Good

Cracking Resistance

Solvent Resistance:

Aliphatic Hydrocarbon

Aromatic Hydrocarbon

Oxygenated Solvent
Halogenated Solvent

Low Aniline Mineral Oil

High Aniline Mineral

Synthetic Lubricants
Organic Phosphates

Gasoline Resistance:

Diluted (Under 10%)

Flexibility (Maximum)

Permeability to Gases Fair Fair Fair Very Good Very Good Good Fair Very Good Good Good Good Good

Diluted (Under 10%)

Elongation (Maximum) 700% 500% 500% 500% 700% 400% 300% 300% 425% 625% 200% 500%

1. Do not use with steam.

2. Do not use with ammonia.

  3.  Do not use with petroleum based uids.  Use with ester based non-ammable hydraulic oils and low pressure steam applications to 300°F (149°C).

4. Except for nitric and sulfuric acid.

Pure Gum

Reinforced

Tear Resistance Excellent Poor-Fair Fair Good Good Fair Poor-Fair Excellent Good Excellent Fair Poor

Aging: Sunlight

Oxidation

Heat

(Maximum

Temperature)

Static (Shelf) Good Good Good Very Good Good Fair Good Good - - - - - - - - Good Good

Flex

Compression Set

Resistance

Oil Resistance:

Oil

Aromatic

Non-Aromatic

Acid Resistance:

Concentrated

Low Temperature

Water Resistance Good Very Good

Alkali Resistance:

Concentrated

Resilience Very Good Fair Fair Very Good Very Good Poor Good Good Good Fair Very Poor Very Good

NATURAL

RUBBER

(93°C)

Excellent Good Good Excellent Excellent Fair Fair Excellent - - - - Excellent Good - - - -

Very Poor
Very Poor

Very Poor

Very Poor
Very Poor
Very Poor
Very Poor

Very Poor
Very Poor

(4)

(-54°C)

BUNA-S

3000

(207)

4500

3000 (207)

(310)

Poor

Good

200°F 

Good Good

Very Poor
Very Poor

Good

Very Poor

Very Poor
Very Poor
Very Poor
Very Poor

Very Poor
Very Poor

Good

Fair

-65°F

Good

(-46°C)

Fair

400

(28)

Poor

Fair

200°F 

(93°C)

Good

Good

Poor

-50°F

Good

Fair

NITRILE

(NBR)

(41)

4000

(276)

Poor

250°F 

(121°C)

Very

Good

Good

Poor

Very Poor

Excellent
Excellent

Very Poor

Good

Excellent

Good

Poor

-40°F

(-40°C)

Very

Good

Good

NEO-

PRENE

600

Excellent

Fair

(93°C)

Excellent Fair Poor Good Poor Poor Good Good Fair

Fair

Very Poor

Fair

Very Poor
Very Poor

(-40°C)

Fair

BUTYL THIOKOL®SILICONE HYPALON

(CR)

3500

(241)

3500

(241)

Good

200°F 

Fair

Poor

Fair

Fair

Good

Poor

Good

Fair
Fair

-40°F

Fair Very Good Fair Fair Fair Excellent Fair Fair Very Good

Good
Good

3000
(207)

3000
(207)

Excellent

Good

200°F 
(93°C)

Poor

Very Poor

Good
Poor

Very Poor
Very Poor

Poor
Good

Very Poor
Very Poor

Good

Fair

-40°F

(-40°C)

Very Good
Very Good

300
(21)

1500
(103)

Good
Good

140°F 
(60°C)

Excellent

Good

Fair

Poor

Excellent
Excellent

Poor
Poor

Excellent
Excellent

Poor

Very Poor

-40°F

(-40°C)

Poor
Poor

200 to 450

(14 to 31)

1100

(76)

Good

Very Good

450°F 

(232°C)

Poor

Very Poor

Poor

Very Poor

Poor

Good

Fair

Poor

Poor

Good

Fair

Poor

-100°F
(-73°C)

Fair

Poor

4000

(276)

4400
(303)

Excellent

Very Good

300°F 

(149°C)

Fair
Poor
Poor

Very Poor

Fair

Good

Poor
Poor

Poor

Fair

Good
Good

-20°F

(-29°C)

Good
Good

FLUORO-

®

ELASTOMER

(FKM)

- - - - - - - -

2300

(159)

Excellent
Excellent

400°F 

(204°C)

Excellent

Very Good

Good

- - - -

Excellent
Excellent

- - - ­Poor

Good

Very Good

Excellent

Very Good

-30°F

(-34°C)

Excellent

Very Good

(1,2)

POLY-

URETHANE

6500

(448)

Excellent
Excellent

200°F 
(93°C)

Very Good

Fair

Poor

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - ­Poor

Fair

Good

Fair

Poor

-40°F

(-40°C)

Fair

Poor

POLY-

(2)

(1)

ACRYLIC

100
(7)

1800

(124)

Excellent
Excellent Good

350°F 

(177°C)

Good

Poor
Poor
Poor

Excellent
Excellent

Fair

Poor

Fair

Poor

Poor
Poor

-10°F

(-23°C)

Poor
Poor

ETHYLENE-

PROPYLENE

(EPDM)

- - - -

2500

(172)

350°F 

(177°C)

Poor

Fair

- - - ­Poor

Poor
Poor
Poor

Very Good

Fair

Poor

Very Good

Good

-50°F

(-45°C)

Excellent

Good

( 3 )

Chemical Compatibility of Elastomers and Metals

661

Te c h n i c a l

Fluid Compatibility of Elastomers

FLUID

Acetic Acid (30%)
Acetone

Air, Ambient
  Air, Hot (200°F (93°C))

Alcohol (Ethyl)
Alcohol (Methyl)
Ammonia (Anhydrous) (Cold)

  Ammonia (Gas, Hot)

Beer
Benzene
Brine (Calcium Chloride)
Butadiene Gas
Butane (Gas)

Butane (Liquid)
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chlorine (Dry)
Chlorine (Wet)
Coke Oven Gas

Ethyl Acetate
Ethylene Glycol
Freon 11
Freon 12
Freon 22

Freon 114
Gasoline (Automotive)
Hydrogen Gas

Hydrogen Sulde (Dry)
  Hydrogen Sulde (Wet)

Jet Fuel (JP-4)
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
MTBE
Natural Gas

Nitric Acid (50 to 100%)
Nitrogen
Oil (Fuel)
Propane

Sulfur Dioxide
Sulfuric Acid (up to 50%)
Sulfuric Acid (50 to 100%)
Water (Ambient)

  Water (at 200°F (93°C))

1. Performance worsens with hot temperatures.
A - Recommended
B - Minor to moderate effect. Proceed with caution.
C - Unsatisfactory
N/A - Information not available

Neoprene (CR) Nitrile (NBR) Fluoroelastomer (FKM)

B
C
A
C
A
A
A

B
A
C
A
C
A

C
C
C
C
C

C
A
C
A
A

A
C
A
A
B

B
C
C
A

C
A
C
B

A
B
C
A
C

C
C
A
B
C
A
A

C
A
C
A
C
A

A
C
C
C
C

C
A
B
A
C

A
B
A

(1)

A

C

A
C
C
A

C
A
A
A

C
C
C
A
B

MATERIAL

C
C
A
A
C
C
C

C
A
B
B
B
A

A
A
A
B
A

C
A
A
B
C

B
A
A
C
C

A
C
C
A

B
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
B

Ethylenepropylene

(EPDM)

A
A
A
A
A
A
A

B
A

C

A
C
C

C
C
C
C
C

B

A
C

B

A

A
C

A

A

A

C

A
C
C

C

A
C
C

A

B

B

A

A

Peruoroelastomer

(FFKM)

A
A
A
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

Chemical Compatibility of Elastomers and Metals

Te c h n i c a l

662

Compatibility of Metals

CORROSION INFORMATION

Material

Fluid

Acetaldehyde

Acetic Acid, Air Free
  Acetic Acid, Aerated

Acetic Acid Vapors
Acetone

Acetylene
Alcohols
Aluminum Sulfate
Ammonia
Ammonium Chloride

Ammonium Nitrate
Ammonium Phosphate
(Mono Basic)
Ammonium Sulfate

  Ammonium Sulte

Aniline

Asphalt
Beer
Benzene (Benzol)
Benzoic Acid
Boric Acid

Butane
Calcium Chloride
(Alkaline)
Calcium Hypochlorite
Carbolic Acid

  Carbon Dioxide, Dry

Carbon Dioxide, Wet
  Carbon Disulde

Carbon Tetrachloride
Carbonic Acid

  Chlorine Gas, Dry

Chlorine Gas, Wet
  Chlorine, Liquid

Chromic Acid
Citric Acid
Coke Oven Gas

Copper Sulfate
Cottonseed Oil
Creosote
Ethane
Ether

Ethyl Chloride
Ethylene
Ethylene Glycol
Ferric Chloride
Formaldehyde

Formic Acid

Freon, Wet
  Freon, Dry

Furfural

  Gasoline, Rene

A - Recommended
B - Minor to moderate effect. Proceed with caution.
C - Unsatisfactory
IL - Information lacking

Carbon

Steel

A
C
C
C
A

A
A
C
A
C

A
C

C
C
C

A
B
A
C
C

A
B

C
B
A

C
A
B
C
A

C
C
C
IL
A

C
A
A
A
B

C
A
A
C
B

IL
B
B
A
A

Cast

Iron

A
C
C
C

A

A

A
C

A
C

C
C

C
C
C

A
B

A
C
C

A
B

C
B

A

C

A
B
C

A

C
C
C
C

A

C

A

A

A
B

C

A
A

C
B

C
B
B

A
A

S302

or S304

Stainless

Steel

A

B

A
A
A

A
A
A
A

B

A
A

B

A
A

A
A
A
A
A

A

C

B

A
A

A

A
B
B
B

C
C
C
B

A

B

A

A

A

A

A
A
A
C
A

B
B
A
A
A

S316

Stainless

Steel

A
B
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
B

A
A

A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
B

B
A
A

A
A
B
B
B

C
C
B
A
A

B
A
A
A
A

A
A
A

C

A

B
A
A
A
A

Bronze Monel

A
B
A
B
A

IL
A
B
C
B

C
B

B
C
C

A
B
A
A
A

A
C

B
A
A

B
C
A
B
B

C
B
C
A
B

B
A
C
A
A

A
A
A
C
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
B
A
B
A

A
A
B
A
B

C
B

A
C
B

A
A
A
A
A

A
A

B
A
A

A
B
A
A
A

C
C
A
B
B

C
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
C
A

A
A
A
A
A

®

Hastelloy

B

IL
A
A
IL
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
A

A
IL
A

A
A
A
IL
A

A
A

C
A
A

A
A
B
A
A

C
C
C
A
A

IL
A
A
A
A

A

A
IL
C
A

A
A
A
A
A

®

Hastelloy®

Titanium

Durimet®

C

20

A
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
A

A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
A

A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

B
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
A
IL
B
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
B
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
B

A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
A

A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

C
B
C
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
C
A

A
A
A
A
A

Cobalt-

Base

Alloy 6

IL
A
A
A
A

IL
A
A
A
A

A
A

A
A
A

IL
A
A
A
A

IL
A

A
A
A

A
A
A
IL
C

A
C
A
A
A

A
A
IL
A
A

A

A
IL
A
A

C
A
A
A
A

IL

IL

B

IL

IL

IL

IL
IL
B

B
B
B
IL

IL

A
A
A
B
A

B
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A

A
A

A

A
A

A
A
A

A
A
A

A

A

A
A

A
A

A

A
A
A
A

S416

Stainless

Steel

A
C
C
C
A

A
A
C
A
C

C
B

C
B
C

A
B
A
A
B

A
C

C
IL
A

A
B
C
A
C

C
C
C
B
A

A
A
A
A
A

B
A
A
C
A

C
IL
IL
B
A

440C

Stainless

Steel

A
C
C
C
A

A
A
C
A
C

B
B

C
B
C

A
B
A
A
B

A
C

C
IL
A

A
B
A
A
C

C
C
C
B
A

A
A
A
A
A

B

A
A

C

A

C
IL
IL
B

A

17-4PH

Stainless

Steel

A
B
B
B
A

A
A
IL
IL
IL

IL
IL

IL
IL
IL

A
A
A
A
IL

A
IL

IL
IL
A

A
IL
IL
A
C

C
C
C
B
A

A
A
A
A
A

IL
A
A
IL
A

B
IL
IL
IL
A

- continued -

Chemical Compatibility of Elastomers and Metals

663

Te c h n i c a l

Compatibility of Metals (continued)

CORROSION INFORMATION

Material

Fluid

Carbon

Steel

Cast

Iron

S302

or S304

Stainless

Steel

S316

Stainless

Steel

Bronze Monel

Hastelloy

®

®

Hastelloy® CDurimet®

B

Titanium

20

Cobalt-

Base

Alloy 6

S416

Stainless

Steel

440C

Stainless

Steel

17-4PH

Stainless

Steel

Glucose

Hydrochloric Acid, Aerated
  Hydrochloric Acid, Air free
  Hydrouoric Acid, Aerated
  Hydrouoric Acid, Air free

Hydrogen
Hydrogen Peroxide

  Hydrogen Sude, Liquid

Magnesium Hydroxide
Mercury

Methanol
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Milk
Natural Gas
Nitric Acid

Oleic Acid
Oxalic Acid
Oxygen

Petroleum Oils, Rened
  Phosphoric Acid, Aerated

  Phosphoric Acid, Air Free

Phosphoric Acid Vapors
Picric Acid
Potassium Chloride
Potassium Hydroxide

Propane
Rosin
Silver Nitrate
Sodium Acetate
Sodium Carbonate

Sodium Chloride
Sodium Chromate
Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium Hypochloride
Sodium Thiosulfate

Stannous Chloride
Stearic Acid
Sulfate Liquor (Black)
Sulfur

  Sulfur Dioxide, Dry

  Sulfur Trioxide, Dry

Sufuric Acid (Aerated)
Sufuric Acid (Air Free)
Sulfurous Acid
Tar

Trichloroethylene
Turpentine
Vinegar

Water, Boiler Feed
  Water, Distilled

  Water, Sea

Whiskey and Wines
Zinc Chloride
Zinc Sulfate

A - Recommended
B - Minor to moderate effect. Proceed with caution.
C - Unsatisfactory
IL - Information lacking

A

A

C

C

C

C

B

C

A

C

A

A

IL

A

C

C

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

C

C

A

A

C

C

C

C

C

C

A

A

A

A

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

B

B

B

B

A

A

B

B

C

C

A

A

A

A

C

C

A

A

A

A

C

C

C

C

B

B

A

C

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

C

C

C

C

C

C

A

A

B

B

B

B

C

C

B

C

A

A

B

B

C

C

C

C

C

C

A
C
C
C
C

A
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
B
A
A
A

A
B
A
A
A

A
A
A
B
A

B
A
A
C
A

C
A
A
A
A

A
C
C
B
A

B

A
A
A
A

B

A

C

A

A
C
C
B
B

A
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
B

A
B
A
A
A

A
B
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

B
A
A
C
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
C
C
B
A

A
A
A
A
A

B
A
C
A

B-C

A
A
B

C

A

A
A

C

B

A

A

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

A

A

A

C

A

C

C

B

A

C

B

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

C

C

B

A

B

B

A

A

A

A

C

C

C

B

C

C

C

C

B

B

B

A

A

A

A

A

C

C

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

C

A

B-C

C

C

C

B

B

B

C

A

C

A

A

A

A

A

C

C

B

B

B

C

A

A

A
B
A
A
A

A

B
C
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
B
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
C

A
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
C
A

A
A
A
A
B

B
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A

A
B
B
A
A

A
B
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
B

A
A
A
A
A

A

IL

A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A

A

A

A

C

C

C

C

B

C

B

C

A

A

A

A

B

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

IL

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

B

A

A

A

A

A

B

A

B

A

B

A

IL

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

IL

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

B

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

B

A

B

A

A

A

A

A

A
A
A
A
A

A
A
A
A

A

A

A

IL

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

B

A

A

A

B

C

B

C

B

C

IL

C

A

A

IL

B

A

C

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

C

A

A

C

C

A

A

B

B

A

A

A

A

A

C

A

C

C

C

IL

B

IL

C

IL

B

A

A

A

A

B

B

A

A

A

B

A

B

A

A

A

B

IL

C

IL

B

IL

C

B

B

A

IL

A

A

A

B

A

B

B

C

B

C

B

C

A

A

B
A
C
B
B

C
C
C
B

A
C
C
C
C

A
B
C
A
A

B
A
C
A
C

A
B
A
A
C

C
C
B
C
B

A
A
B
A
B

B
A
B
C
B

C
B
IL
A
B

B
C
C
C
A

B

A

C

A

B

C
C
C
B

A
C
C
C
IL

A
IL
IL
IL
B

A
A
C
A
B

IL
IL
A
A
IL

IL
IL
IL
IL
IL

A
A
IL
A
A

B
A
A
IL
IL

IL
IL
IL
A
IL

IL
C
C
IL
A

IL
A
A
A
IL

A
IL
IL
IL

Regulator Tips

664

Te c h n i c a l

1. All regulators should be installed and used in accordance with
federal, state, and local codes and regulations.

2. Adequate overpressure protection should be installed to protect
the regulator from overpressure. Adequate overpressure
protection should also be installed to protect all downstream
equipment in the event of regulator failure.

3. Downstream pressures signicantly higher than the regulator's

pressure setting may damage soft seats and
other internal parts.

4. If two or more available springs have published pressure
ranges that include the desired pressure setting, use the spring
with the lower range for better accuracy.

5. The recommended selection for orice diameters is the
smallest orice that will handle the ow.

6. Most regulators shown in this application guide are generally
suitable for temperatures to 180°F (82°C). With high

temperature uoroelastomers (if available), the regulators
can be used for temperatures to 300°F (149°C). Check

the temperature capabilities to determine materials and
temperature ranges available. Use stainless steel diaphragms
and seats for higher temperatures, such as steam service.

7. The full advertised range of a spring can be utilized without

sacricing performance or spring life.

8. Regulator body size should not be larger than the pipe size. In
many cases, the regulator body is one size smaller than the
pipe size.

9. Do not oversize regulators. Pick the smallest orice size or

regulator that will work. Keep in mind when sizing a station
that most restricted trims that do not reduce the main port size

do not help with improved low ow control.

10. Speed of regulator response, in order:

• Direct-operated

• Two-path pilot-operated

• Unloading pilot-operated

• Control valve

Note: Although direct-operated regulators give the fastest
response, all types provide quick response.

11. When a regulator appears unable to pass the published

ow rate, be sure to check the inlet pressure measured at

the regulator body inlet connection. Piping up to and away

from regulators can cause signicant owing pressure losses.

12. When adjusting setpoint, the regulator should be owing at
least ve percent of the normal operating ow.

13. Direct-operated regulators generally have faster response to
quick ow changes than pilot-operated regulators.

14. Droop is the reduction of outlet pressure experienced by

pressure-reducing regulators as the ow rate increases. It is

stated as a percent, in inches of water column (mbar) or in
pounds per square inch (bar) and indicates the difference

between the outlet pressure setting made at low ow rates

and the actual outlet pressure at the published maximum

ow rate. Droop is also called offset or proportional band.

15. Downstream pressure always changes to some extent when
inlet pressure changes.

16. Most soft-seated regulators will maintain the pressure within

reasonable limits down to zero ow. Therefore, a regulator
sized for a high ow rate will usually have a turndown ratio
sufcient to handle pilot-light loads during off cycles.

17. Do not undersize the monitor set. It is important to realize
that the monitor regulator, even though it is wide-open,

will require pressure drop for ow. Using two identical

regulators in a monitor set will yield approximately
70 percent of the capacity of a single regulator.

18. Diaphragms leak a small amount due to migration of gas
through the diaphragm material. To allow escape of this gas,
be sure casing vents (where provided) remain open.

19. Use control lines of equal or greater size than the control tap
on the regulator. If a long control line is required, make it
bigger. A rule of thumb is to use the next nominal pipe size
for every 20 feet (6,1 m) of control line. Small control
lines cause a delayed response of the regulator, leading

to increased chance of instability. 3/8-inch (9,5 mm) OD

tubing is the minimum recommended control line size.

20. For every 15 psid (1,0 bar d) pressure differential
across the regulator, expect approximately a one degree
drop in gas temperature due to the natural refrigeration
effect. Freezing is often a problem when the ambient

temperature is between 30° and 45°F (-1° and 7°C).

21. A disk with a cookie cut appearance probably means you had
an overpressure situation. Thus, investigate further.

22. When using relief valves, be sure to remember that the
reseat point is lower than the start-to-bubble point. To
avoid seepage, keep the relief valve setpoint far enough
above the regulator setpoint.

Regulator Tips

665

Te c h n i c a l

23. Vents should be pointed down to help avoid the accumulation

of water condensation or other materials in the spring case.

24. Make control line connections in a straight run of pipe about
10 pipe diameters downstream of any area of turbulence,
such as elbows, pipe swages, or block valves.

25. When installing a working monitor station, get as much
volume between the two regulators as possible. This
will give the upstream regulator more room to control
intermediate pressure.

26. Cutting the supply pressure to a pilot-operated regulator
reduces the regulator gain or sensitivity and, thus, may
improve regulator stability. (This can only be used with two
path control.)

27. Regulators with high ows and large pressure drops generate

noise. Noise can wear parts which can cause failure and/or
inaccurate control. Keep regulator noise below 110 dBA.

28. Do not place control lines immediately downstream of rotary
or turbine meters.

29. Keep vents open. Do not use small diameter, long vent lines.
Use the rule of thumb of the next nominal pipe size every

10 feet (3,1 m) of vent line and 3 feet (0,9 m) of vent line

for every elbow in the line.

30. Fixed factor measurement (or PFM) requires the regulator

to maintain outlet pressure within ±1% of absolute pressure.
For example: Setpoint of 2 psig + 14.7 psia = 16.7 psia x

0.01 = ±0.167 psi. (Setpoint of 0,14 bar + 1,01 bar = 1,15 bar x
0,01 = ±0,0115 bar.)

31. Regulating Cg (coefcient of ow) can only be used for
calculating ow capacities on pilot-operated regulators.
Use capacity tables or ow charts for determining a direct-

operated regulator’s capacity.

32. Do not make the setpoints of the regulator/monitor too close

together. The monitor can try to take over if the setpoints are
too close, causing instability and reduction of capacity. Set
them at least one proportional band apart.

33. Consider a butt-weld end regulator where available to lower
costs and minimize ange leakages.

34. Do not use needle valves in control lines; use full-open

valves. Needle valves can cause instability.

35. Burying regulators is not recommended. However, if you

must, the vent should be protected from ground moisture
and plugging.

666

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Pressure Equivalents

TO

OBTAIN

BY

MULTIPLY
NUMBER
OF

Kg per square cm 1 14.22 0.9678 0,98067 28.96 98,067 394.05 32.84

Pounds per square inch 0,07031 1 0.06804 0,06895 2.036 6,895 27.7 2.309

Atmosphere 1,0332 14.696 1 1,01325 29.92 101,325 407.14 33.93

Bar 1,01972 14.5038 0.98692 1 29.53 100 402.156 33.513

Inches of Mercury 0,03453 0.4912 0.03342 0,033864 1 3,3864 13.61 1.134

Kilopascals 0,0101972 0.145038 0.0098696 0,01 0.2953 1 4.02156 0.33513

Inches of Water 0,002538 0.0361 0.002456 0,00249 0.07349 0,249 1 0.0833

Feet of Water 0,3045 0.4332 0.02947 0,029839 0.8819 2,9839 12 1

1 ounce per square inch = 0.0625 pounds per square inch

KG PER

SQUARE

CENTIMETER

POUNDS PER

SQUARE INCH

ATMOSPHERE BAR

INCHES OF

MERCURY

KILOPASCALS

INCHES OF

WATER COLUMN

FEET OF

WATER COLUMN

0,414
1,103
1,793
2,482

3,172
3,861
4,551
5,240

5,929
6,619
7,308

(1)

0,482
1,172
1,862
2,551

3,241
3,930
4,619
5,309

5,998
6,688
7,377

0,552
1,241
1,931
2,620

3,309
3,999
4,688
5,378

6,067
6,757
7,446

0,621
1,310
1,999
2,689

3,378
4,068
4,758
5,447

6,136
6,826
7,515

Pressure Conversion - Pounds per Square Inch to Bar

POUNDS PER

SQUARE INCH

0
10
20
30

40
50
60
70

80
90

100

1.  To convert to kilopascals, move decimal point two positions to the right; to convert to megapascals, move decimal point one position to the left.
       *Note: Round off decimal points to provide no more than the desired degree of accuracy.
                  To use this table, see the shaded example.  
                  25 psig (20 from the left column plus ve from the top row) = 1,724 bar

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Bar

0,000
0,689
1,379
2,068

2,758
3,447
4,137
4,826

5,516
6,205
6,895

0,069
0,758
1,448
2,137

2,827
3,516
4,275
4,964

5,585
6,274
6,964

0,138
0,827
1,517
2,206

2,896
3,585
4,275
4,964

5,654
6,343
7,033

0,207
0,896
1,586
2,275

2,965
3,654
4,344
5,033

5,723
6,412
7,102

0,276
0,965
1,655
2,344

3,034
3,723
4,413
5,102

5,792
6,481
7,171

0,345
1,034

1,724*

2,413

3,103
3,792
4,482
5,171

5,861
6,550
7,239

Volume Equivalents

TO

OBTAIN

CUBIC

BY

MULTIPLY
NUMBER
OF

Cubic Decimeters (Liters) 1 61.0234 0.03531 1.05668 0.264178 0,220083 0.00629

Cubic Inches 0,01639 1 5.787 x 10

Cubic Feet 28,317 1728 1 29.9221 7.48055 6,22888 0.1781

U.S. Quart 0,94636 57.75 0.03342 1 0.25 0,2082 0.00595

U.S. Gallon 3,78543 231 0.13368 4 1 0,833 0.02381

Imperial Gallon 4,54374 277.274 0.16054 4.80128 1.20032 1 0.02877

U.S. Barrel (Petroleum) 158,98 9702 5.6146 168 42 34,973 1

  1 cubic meter = 1,000,000 cubic centimeters

1 liter = 1000 milliliters = 1000 cubic centimeters

DECIMETERS

(LITERS)

CUBIC INCHES CUBIC FEET U.S. QUART U.S. GALLON IMPERIAL GALLON

-4

1.01732 0.004329 0,003606 0.000103

U.S. BARREL

(PETROLEUM)

667

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Volume Rate Equivalents

TO

OBTAIN

BY

MULTIPLY
NUMBER
OF

Liters per Minute 1 0,06 2.1189 60 0.264178 9.057

Cubic Meters per Hour 16,667 1 35.314 1000 4.403 151

Cubic Feet per Hour 0,4719 0,028317 1 28.317 0.1247 4.2746

Liters per Hour 0,016667 0,001 0.035314 1 0.004403 0.151

U.S. Gallons per Minute 3,785 0,2273 8.0208 227.3 1 34.28

U.S. Barrels per Day 0,1104 0,006624 0.23394 6.624 0.02917 1

LITERS

PER MINUTE

CUBIC METERS

PER HOUR

CUBIC FEET

PER HOUR

LITERS

PER HOUR

U.S. GALLONS

PER MINUTE

U.S. BARRELS

PER DAY

Mass Conversion - Pounds to Kilograms

POUNDS

1 pound = 0,4536 kilograms
  *NOTE: To use this table, see the shaded example.
                 25 pounds (20 from the left column plus ve from the top row) = 11,34 kilograms

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Kilograms

0

0,00

0,45

0,91

1,36

1,81

2,27

10

4,54

20

9,07

30

13,61

40

18,14

50

22,68

60

27,22

70

31,75

809036,29

40,82

4,99
9,53

14,06

18,60
23,13
27,67
32,21

36,74
41,28

5,44
9,98

14,52

19,05
23,59
28,12
32,66

37,20
41,73

5,90
10,43
14,97

19,50
24,04
28,58
33,11

37,65
42,18

6,35
10,89
15,42

19,96
24,49
29,03
33,57

38,10
42,64

6,80

11,34*

15,88

20,41
24,95
29,48
34,02

38,56
43,09

2,72

7,26
11,79
16,33

20,87
25,40
29,94
34,47

39,01
43,55

3,18

7,71
12,25
16,78

21,32
25,86
30,39
34,93

39,46
44,00

3,63

8,16
12,70
17,24

21,77
26,31
30,84
35,38

39,92
44,45

4,08

8,62
13,15
17,69

22,23
26,76
31,30
35,83

40,37
44,91

Temperature Conversion Formulas

TO CONVERT FROM TO SUBSTITUTE IN FORMULA

Degrees Celsius Degrees Fahrenheit (°C x 9/5) + 32

Degrees Celsius Kelvin (°C + 273.16)

Degrees Fahrenheit Degrees Celsius (°F - 32) x 5/9

Degrees Fahrenheit Degrees Rankine (°F + 459.69)

Area Equivalents

TO

OBTAIN

BY

MULTIPLY
NUMBER
OF

Square Meters 1 1549.99 10.7639 3.861 x 10

Square Inches 0,0006452 1 6.944 x 10-32.491 x 10

Square Feet 0,0929 144 1 3.587 x 10-89,29 x 10

Square Miles 2 589 999 - - - - 27,878,400 1 2,59

Square Kilometers 1 000 000 - - - - 10,763,867 0.3861 1

1 square meter = 10 000 square centimeters

  1 square millimeter = 0,01 square centimeter = 0.00155 square inches

SQUARE
METERS

SQUARE

INCHES

SQUARE

FEET

SQUARE

MILES

SQUARE

KILOMETERS

-7

-10

6,452 x 10

1 x 10

Kinematic-Viscosity Conversion Formulas

VISCOSITY SCALE RANGE OF t, SEC

Saybolt Universal 32 < t < 100 t > 100

Saybolt Furol 25 < t < 40 t > 40

Redwood No. 1 34 < t < 100 t > 100

Redwood Admiralty - - - - 0.027t - 20/t

Engler - - - - 0.00147t - 3.74/t

KINEMATIC VISCOSITY,

STROKES

0.00226t - 1.95/t

0.00220t - 1.35/t

0.0224t - 1.84/t

0.0216t - 0.60/t

0.00226t - 1.79/t

0.00247t - 0.50/t

-6

-10

-8

668

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Conversion Units

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN

Volume

Cubic centimeter 0.06103 Cubic inches

Cubic feet 7.4805 Gallons (US)

Cubic feet 28.316 Liters

Cubic feet 1728 Cubic inches

Gallons (US) 0.1337 Cubic feet

Gallons (US) 3.785 Liters

Gallons (US) 231 Cubic inches

Liters 1.057 Quarts (US)

Liters 2.113 Pints (US)

Miscellaneous

BTU 0.252 Calories

Decitherm 10,000 BTU

Kilogram 2.205 Pounds

Kilowatt Hour 3412 BTU

Ounces 28.35 Grams

Pounds 0.4536 Kilograms

Pounds 453.5924 Grams

Pounds 21,591 LPG BTU

Therm 100,000 BTU

API Bbls 42 Gallons (US)

Gallons of Propane 26.9 KWH

HP 746 KWH

HP (Steam) 42,418 BTU

Pressure

Grams per square centimeter 0.0142 Pounds per square inch

Inches of mercury 0.4912 Pounds per square inch

Inches of mercury 1.133 Feet of water

Inches of water 0.0361 Pounds per square inch

Inches of water 0.0735 Inches of mercury

Inches of water 0.5781 Ounces per square inch

Inches of water 5.204 Pounds per foot

kPa 100 Bar

Kilograms per square centimeter 14.22 Pounds per square inch

Kilograms per square meter 0.2048 Pounds per square foot

Pounds per square inch 0.06804 Atmospheres

Pounds per square inch 0.07031 Kilograms per square centimeter

Pounds per square inch 0.145 KPa

Pounds per square inch 2.036 Inches of mercury

Pounds per square inch 2.307 Feet of water

Pounds per square inch 14.5 Bar

Pounds per square inch 27.67 Inches of water

Length

Centimeters 0.3937 Inches

Feet 0.3048 Meters

Feet 30.48 Centimeters

Feet 304.8 Millimeters

Inches 2.540 Centimeters

Inches 25.40 Millimeters

Kilometer 0.6214 Miles

Meters 1.094 Yards

Meters 3.281 Feet

Meters 39.37 Inches

Miles (nautical) 1853 Meters

Miles (statute) 1609 Meters

Yards 0.9144 Meters

Yards 91.44 Centimeters

Other Useful Conversions

TO CONVERT FROM TO MULTIPLY BY

Cubic feet of methane BTU 1000 (approximate)

Cubic feet of water Pounds of water 62.4

Degrees Radians 0,01745

Gallons Pounds of water 8.336

Grams Ounces 0.0352

Horsepower (mechanical) Foot pounds per minute 33,000

Horsepower (electrical) Watts 746

Kg Pounds 2.205

Kg per cubic meter Pounds per cubic feet 0.06243

Kilowatts Horsepower 1.341

Pounds Kg 0,4536

Pounds of Air

(14.7 psia and 60°F)

Pounds per cubic feet Kg per cubic meter 16,0184

Pounds per hour (gas) SCFH 13.1 ÷ Specic Gravity

Pounds per hour (water) Gallons per minute 0.002

Pounds per second (gas) SCFH 46,160 ÷ Specic Gravity

Radians Degrees 57.3

SCFH Air SCFH Propane 0.81

SCFH Air SCFH Butane 0.71

SCFH Air SCFH 0.6 Natural Gas 1.29

SCFH Cubic meters per hour 0.028317

Cubic feet of air 13.1

Converting Volumes of Gas

CFH TO CFH OR CFM TO CFM

Multiply Flow of By To Obtain Flow of

0.707 Butane

Air

Butane

Natural Gas

Propane

1.290 Natural Gas

0.808 Propane

1.414 Air

1.826 Natural Gas

1.140 Propane

0.775 Air

0.547 Butane

0.625 Propane

1.237 Air

0.874 Butane

1.598 Natural Gas

669

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Fractional Inches to Millimeters

INCH

0
1
2
3

4
5
6
7

8
9

10

1-inch = 25,4 millimeters
  NOTE: To use this table, see the shaded example.
              2-1/2-inches (2 from the left column plus 1/2 from the top row) = 63,5 millimeters

MULTIPLY
NUMBER
OF

  1 meter = 100 cm = 1000 mm = 0,001 km = 1,000,000 micrometers

0 1/16 1/8 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 11/16 3/4 13/16 7/8 15/16

0,0
25,4
50,8
76,2

101,6
127,0
152,4
177,8

203,2
228,6
254,0

1,6
27,0
52,4
77,8

103,2
128,6
154,0
179,4

204,8
230,2
255,6

3,2
28,6
54,0
79,4

104,8
130,2
155,6
181,0

206,4
231,8
257,2

4,8
30,2
55,6
81,0

106,4
131,8
157,2
182,6

208,0
233,4
258,8

6,4
31,8
57,2
82,6

108,0
133,4
158,8
184,2

209,6
235,0
260,4

7,9
33,3
58,7
84,1

109,5
134,9
160,3
185,7

211,1
236,5
261,9

9,5
34,9
60,3
85,7

111,1
136,5
161,9
187,3

212,7
238,1
263,5

11,1
36,5
61,9
87,3

112,7
138,1
163,5
188,9

214,3
239,7
265,1

mm

12,7
38,1
63,5
88,9

114,3
139,7
165,1
190,5

215,9
241,3
266,7

14,3
39,7
65,1
90,5

115,9
141,3
166,7
192,1

217,5
242,9
268,3

15,9
41,3
66,7
92,1

117,5
142,9
168,3
193,7

219,1
244,5
269,9

17,5
42,9
68,3
93,7

119,1
144,5
169,9
195,3

220,7
246,1
271,5

19,1
44,5
69,9
95,3

120,7
146,1
171,5
196,9

222,3
247,7
273,1

20,6
46,0
71,4
96,8

122,2
147,6
173,0
198,4

223,8
249,2
274,6

Length Equivalents

TO

OBTAIN

BY

Meters 1 39.37 3.2808 1000 0.0006214 0,001

Inches 0,0254 1 0.0833 25,4 0.00001578 0,0000254

Feet 0,3048 12 1 304,8 0.0001894 0,0003048

Millimeters 0,001 0.03937 0.0032808 1 0.0000006214 0,000001

Miles 1609,35 63,360 5,280 1 609 350 1 1,60935

Kilometers 1000 39,370 3280.83 1 000 000 0.62137 1

METERS INCHES FEET MILLIMETERS MILES KILOMETERS

22,2
47,6
73,0
98,4

123,8
149,2
174,6
200,0

225,4
250,8
276,2

23,8
49,2
74,6

100,0
125,4

150,8
176,2
201,6

227,0
252,4
277,8

Whole Inch-Millimeter Equivalents

INCH

0 0,00 25,4 50,8 76,2 101,6 127,0 152,4 177,8 203,2 228,6
10 254,0 279,4 304,8 330,2 355,6 381,0 406,4 431,8 457,2 482,6
20 508,0 533,4 558,8 584,2 609,6 635,0 660,4 685,8 711,2 736,6
30 762,0 787,4 812,8 838,2 863,6 889,0 914,4 939,8 965,2 990,6

40 1016,0 1041,4 1066,8 1092,2 1117,6 1143,0 1168,4 1193,8 1219,2 1244,6

50 1270,0 1295,4 1320,8 1346,2 1371,6 1397,0 1422,4 1447,8 1473,2 1498,6

60 1524,0 1549,4 1574,8 1600,2 1625,6 1651,0 1676,4 1701,8 1727,2 1752,6
70 1778,0 1803,4 1828,8 1854,2 1879,6 1905,0 1930,4 1955,8 1981,2 2006,6
80 2032,0 2057,4 2082,8 2108,2 2133,6 2159,0 2184,4 2209,8 2235,2 2260,6
90 2286,0 2311,4 2336,8 2362,2 2387,6 2413,0 2438,4 2463,8 2489,2 2514,6

100 2540,0 2565,4 2590,8 2616,2 2641,6 2667,0 2692,4 2717,8 2743,2 2768,6

Note: All values in this table are exact, based on the relation 1-inch = 25,4 mm.
           To use this table, see the shaded example.
           25-inches (20 from the left column plus ve from the top row) = 635 millimeters

MULTIPLICATION FACTOR PREFIX SYMBOL

1 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10

1 000 000 000 000 000 = 10

0.000 000 000 000 001 = 10

0.000 000 000 000 000 001 = 10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Metric Prexes and Symbols

1 000 000 000 000 = 10

1 000 000 000 = 10

1 000 000 = 10

1 000 = 10

100 = 10

10 = 10

0.1 = 10

0.01 = 10

0.001 = 10

0.000 01 = 10

0.000 000 001 = 10

0.000 000 000 001 = 10

18

15

12

9

6

3

2

1

-1

-2

-3

-6

-9

-12

-15

-18

exa

peta

tera

giga

mega

kilo

hecto

deka

deci

centi

milli

micro

nano

pico

femto

atto

E
P
T
G

M

k
h

da

d

c
m
m

n

p

f

a

mm

Greek Alphabet

LOWER

CASE

GREEK

NAME

CAPS

Α α Alpha Ι ι Iota Ρ ρ Rho

Β β Beta Κ κ Kappa Σ σ Sigma

Γ γ Gamma Λ λ Lambda Τ τ Tau

Δ δ Delta Μ μ Mu Υ υ Upsilon

Ε ε Epsilon Ν ν Nu Φ φ Phi

Ζ ζ Zeta Ξ ξ Xi Χ χ Chi

Η η Eta Ο ο Omicron Ψ ψ Psi

Θ θ Theta Π π Pi Ω ω Omega

CAPS

LOWER

CASE

GREEK

NAME

CAPS

LOWER

CASE

GREEK

NAME

670

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Length Equivalents - Fractional and Decimal Inches to Millimeters

INCHES

Fractions Decimals Fractions Decimals Fractions Decimals Fractions Decimals

0.00394 0.1 0.23 5.842 1/2 0.50 12.7 0.77 19.558

0.00787 0.2 15/64 0.234375 5.9531 0.51 12.954 0.78 19.812

0.01 0.254 0.23622 6.0 0.51181 13.0 25/32 0.78125 19.8438

0.01181 0.3 0.24 6.096 33/64 0.515625 13.0969 0.78740 20.0

1/64 0.015625 0.3969 1/4 0.25 6.35 0.52 13.208 0.79 20.066

0.01575 0.4 0.26 6.604 0.53 13.462 51/64 0.796875 20.2406

0.01969 0.5 17/64 0.265625 6.7469 17/32 0.53125 13.4938 0.80 20.320

0.02 0.508 0.27 6.858 0.54 13.716 0.81 20.574

0.02362 0.6 0.27559 7.0 35/64 0.546875 13.8906 13/64 0.8125 20.6375

0.02756 0.7 0.28 7.112 0.55 13.970 0.82 20.828

0.03 0.762 9/32 0.28125 7.1438 0.55118 14.0 0.82677 21.0

1/32 0.03125 0.7938 0.29 7.366 0.56 14.224 53/64 0.828125 21.0344

0.0315 0.8 19/64 0.296875 7.5406 9/16 0.5625 14.2875 0.83 21.082

0.13543 0.9 0.30 7.62 0.57 14.478 0.84 21.336

0.03937 1.0 0.31 7.874 37/64 0.578125 14.6844 27/32 0.84375 21.4312

0.04 1.016 5/16 0.3125 7.9375 0.58 14.732 0.85 21.590

3/64 0.046875 1.1906 0.31496 8.0 0.59 14.986 55/64 0.859375 21.8281

0.05 1.27 0.32 8.128 0.5905 15.0 0.86 21.844

0.06 1.524 21/64 0.328125 8.3344 19/32 0.59375 15.0812 0.86614 22.0

1/16 0.0625 1.5875 0.33 8.382 0.60 15.24 0.87 22.098

0.07 1.778 0.34 8.636 39/64 0.609375 15.4781 7/8 0.875 22.225

5/64 0.078125 1.9844 11/32 0.34375 8.7312 0.61 15.494 0.88 22.352

0.07874 2.0 0.35 8.89 0.62 15.748 0.89 22.606

0.08 2.032 0.35433 9.0 5/8 0.625 15.875 57/64 0.890625 22.6219

0.09 2.286 23/64 0.359375 9.1281 0.62992 16.0 0.90 22.860

3/32 0.09375 2.3812 0.36 9.144 0.63 16.002 0.90551 23.0

0.1 2.54 0.37 9.398 0.64 16.256 29/32 0.90625 23.0188

7/64 0.109375 2.7781 3/8 0.375 9.525 41/64 0.640625 16.2719 0.91 23.114

0.11 2.794 0.38 9.652 0.65 16.510 0.92 23.368

0.11811 3.0 0.39 9.906 21/32 0.65625 16.6688 59/64 0.921875 23.1456

0.12 3.048 25/64 0.390625 9.9219 0.66 16.764 0.93 23.622

1/8 0.125 3.175 0.39370 10.0 0.66929 17.0 15/16 0.9375 23.8125

0.13 3.302 0.40 10.16 0.67 17.018 0.94 23.876

0.14 3.556 13/32 0.40625 10.3188 43/64 0.671875 17.0656 0.94488 24.0

9/64 0.140625 3.5719 0.41 10.414 0.68 17.272 0.95 24.130

0.15 3.810 0.42 10.668 11/16 0.6875 17.4625 61/64 0.953125 24.2094

5/32 0.15625 3.9688 27/64 0.421875 10.7156 0.69 17.526 0.96 24.384

0.15748 4.0 0.43 10.922 0.70 17.78 31/32 0.96875 24.6062

0.16 4.064 0.43307 11.0 45/64 0.703125 17.8594 0.97 24.638

0.17 4.318 7/16 0.4375 11.1125 0.70866 18.0 0.98 24.892

11/64 0.171875 4.3656 0.44 11.176 0.71 18.034 0.98425 25.0

0.18 4.572 0.45 11.430 23/32 0.71875 18.2562 63/64 0.984375 25.0031

3/16 0.1875 4.7625 29/64 0.453125 11.5094 0.72 18.288 0.99 25.146

0.19 4.826 0.46 11.684 0.73 18.542 1 1.00000 25.4000

0.19685 5.0 15/32 0.46875 11.9062 47/64 0.734375 18.6531

0.2 5.08 0.47 11.938 0.74 18.796

13/64 0.203125 5.1594 0.47244 12.0 0.74803 19.0

0.21 5.334 0.48 12.192 3/4 0.75 19.050

7/32 0.21875 5.5562 31/64 0.484375 12.3031 0.76 19.304

0.22 5.588 0.49 12.446 49/64 0.765625 19.4469

  Note: Round off decimal points to provide no more than the desired degree of accuracy. 

mm

INCHES

mm

INCHES

mm

INCHES

mm

671

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Temperature Conversions

TEMP. IN °C

°C

OR °F TO BE

CONVERTED

-273,16 -460 -796 -90,00 -130 -202.0 -17,8 0 32.0 21,1 70 158.0

-267,78 -450 -778 -84,44 -120 -184.0 -16,7 2 35.6 22,2 72 161.6

-262,22 -440 -760 -78,89 -110 -166.0 -15,6 4 39.2 23,3 74 165.2

-256,67 -430 -742 -73,33 -100 -148.0 -14,4 6 42.8 24,4 76 168.8

-251,11 -420 -724 -70,56 -95 -139.0 -13,3 8 46.4 25,6 78 172.4

-245,56 -410 -706 -67,78 -90 -130.0 -12,2 10 50.0 26,7 80 176.0

-240,00 -400 -688 -65,00 -85 -121.0 -11,1 12 53.6 27,8 82 179.6

-234,44 -390 -670 -62,22 -80 -112.0 -10,0 14 57.2 28,9 84 183.2

-228,89 -380 -652 -59,45 -75 -103.0 -8,89 16 60.8 30,0 86 186.8

-223,33 -370 -634 -56,67 -70 -94.0 -7,78 18 64.4 31,1 88 190.4

-217,78 -360 -616 -53,89 -65 -85 -6,67 20 68.0 32,2 90 194.0

-212,22 -350 -598 -51,11 -60 -76.0 -5,56 22 71.6 33,3 92 197.6

-206,67 -340 -580 -48,34 -55 -67.0 -4,44 24 75.2 34,4 94 201.2

-201,11 -330 -562 -45,56 -50 -58.0 -3,33 26 78.8 35,6 96 204.8

-195,56 -320 -544 -42,78 -45 -49.0 -2,22 28 82.4 36,7 98 208.4

°F °C

TEMP. IN °C

OR °F TO BE

CONVERTED

°F °C

TEMP. IN °C

OR °F TO BE

CONVERTED

°F °C

TEMP. IN °C

OR °F TO BE

CONVERTED

°F

-190,00 -310 -526 -40,00 -40 -40.0 -1,11 30 86.0 37,8 100 212.0

-184,44 -300 -508 -38,89 -38 -36.4 0 32 89.6 43,3 110 230.0

-178,89 -290 -490 -37,78 -36 -32.8 1,11 34 93.2 48,9 120 248.0

-173,33 -280 -472 -36,67 -34 -29.2 2,22 36 96.8 54,4 130 266.0

-169,53 -273 -459.4 -35,56 -32 -25.6 3,33 38 100.4 60,0 140 284.0

-168,89 -272 -457.6 -34,44 -30 -22.0 4,44 40 104.0 65,6 150 302.0

-167,78 -270 -454.0 -33,33 -28 -18.4 5,56 42 107.6 71,1 160 320.0

-162,22 -260 -436.0 -32,22 -26 -14.8 6,67 44 111.2 76,7 170 338.0

-156,67 -250 -418.0 -31,11 -24 -11.2 7,78 46 114.8 82,2 180 356.0

-151,11 -240 -400.0 -30,00 -22 -7.6 8,89 48 118.4 87,8 190 374.0

-145,56 -230 -382.0 -28,89 -20 -4.0 10,0 50 122.0 93,3 200 392.0

-140,00 -220 -364.0 -27,78 -18 -0.4 11,1 52 125.6 98,9 210 410.0

-134,44 -210 -356.0 -26,67 -16 3.2 12,2 54 129.2 104,4 220 428.0

-128,89 -200 -328.0 -25,56 -14 6.8 13,3 56 132.8 110,0 230 446.0

-123,33 -190 -310.0 -24,44 -12 10.4 14,4 58 136.4 115,6 240 464.0

-117,78 -180 -292.0 -23,33 -10 14.0 15,6 60 140.0 121,1 250 482.0

-112,22 -170 -274.0 -22,22 -8 17.6 16,7 62 143.6 126,7 260 500.0

-106,67 -160 -256.0 -21,11 -6 21.2 17,8 64 147.2 132,2 270 518.0

-101,11 -150 -238.0 -20,00 -4 24.8 18,9 66 150.8 137,8 280 536.0

-95,56 -140 -220.0 -18,89 -2 28.4 20,0 68 154.4 143,3 290 665.0

-continued-

672

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Temperature Conversions (continued)

°C

21,1 70 158.0 204,4 400 752.0 454,0 850 1562.0

22,2 72 161.6 210,0 410 770.0 460,0 860 1580.0

23,3 74 165.2 215,6 420 788.0 465,6 870 1598.0

24,4 76 168.8 221,1 430 806.0 471,1 880 1616.0

25,6 78 172.4 226,7 440 824.0 476,7 890 1634.0

26,7 80 176.0 232,2 450 842.0 482,2 900 1652.0

27,8 82 179.6 237,8 460 860.0 487,8 910 1670.0

28,9 84 183.2 243,3 470 878.0 493,3 920 1688.0

30,0 86 186.8 248,9 480 896.0 498,9 930 1706.0

31,1 88 190.4 254,4 490 914.0 504,4 940 1724.0

32,2 90 194.0 260,0 500 932.0 510,0 950 1742.0

33,3 92 197.6 265,6 510 950.0 515,6 960 1760.0

34,4 94 201.2 271,1 520 968.0 521,1 970 1778.0

35,6 96 204.8 276,7 530 986.0 526,7 980 1796.0

36,7 98 208.4 282,2 540 1004.0 532,2 990 1814.0

TEMP. IN °C

OR °F TO BE

CONVERTED

°F °C

TEMP. IN °C

OR °F TO BE

CONVERTED

°F °C

TEMP. IN °C

OR °F TO BE

CONVERTED

°F

37,8 100 212.0 287,8 550 1022.0 537,8 1000 1832.0

43,3 110 230.0 293,3 560 1040.0 543,3 1010 1850.0

48,9 120 248.0 298,9 570 1058.0 548,9 1020 1868.0

54,4 130 266.0 304,4 580 1076.0 554,4 1030 1886.0

60,0 140 284.0 310,0 590 1094.0 560,0 1040 1904.0

65,6 150 302.0 315,6 600 1112.0 565,6 1050 1922.0

71,1 160 320.0 321,1 610 1130.0 571,1 1060 1940.0

76,7 170 338.0 326,7 620 1148.0 576,7 1070 1958.0

82,2 180 356.0 332,2 630 1166.0 582,2 1080 1976.0

87,8 190 374.0 337,8 640 1184.0 587,8 1090 1994.0

93,3 200 392.0 343,3 650 1202.0 593,3 1100 2012.0

98,9 210 410.0 348,9 660 1220.0 598,9 1110 2030.0

104,4 220 428.0 354,4 670 1238.0 604,4 1120 2048.0

110,0 230 446.0 360,0 680 1256.0 610,0 1130 2066.0

115,6 240 464.0 365,6 690 1274.0 615,6 1140 2084.0

121,1 250 482.0 371,1 700 1292.0 621,1 1150 2102.0

126,7 260 500.0 376,7 710 1310.0 626,7 1160 2120.0

132,2 270 518.0 382,2 720 1328.0 632,2 1170 2138.0

137,8 280 536.0 287,8 730 1346.0 637,8 1180 2156.0

143,3 290 665.0 393,3 740 1364.0 643,3 1190 2174.0

-continued-

673

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Temperature Conversions (continued)

TEMP. IN °C

°C

OR °F TO BE

CONVERTED

148,9 300 572.0 315,6 600 1112.0 482,2 900 1652.0 648,9 1200 2192.0

154,4 310 590.0 321,1 610 1130.0 487,8 910 1670.0 654,4 1210 2210.0

160,0 320 608.0 326,7 620 1148.0 493,3 920 1688.0 660,0 1220 2228.0

165,6 330 626.0 332,2 630 1166.0 498,9 930 1706.0 665,6 1230 2246.0

171,1 340 644.0 337,8 640 1184.0 504,4 940 1724.0 671,1 1240 2264.0

176,7 350 662.0 343,3 650 1202.0 510,0 950 1742.0 676,7 1250 2282.0

182,2 360 680.0 348,9 660 1220.0 515,6 960 1760.0 682,2 1260 2300.0

187,8 370 698.0 354,4 670 1238.0 521,1 970 1778.0 687,8 1270 2318.0

189,9 380 716.0 360,0 680 1256.0 526,7 980 1796.0 693,3 1280 2336.0

193,3 390 734.0 365,6 690 1274.0 532,2 990 1814.0 698,9 1290 2354.0

204,4 400 752.0 371,1 700 1292.0 537,8 1000 1832.0 704,4 1300 2372.0

210,0 410 770.0 376,7 710 1310.0 543,3 1010 1850.0 710,0 1310 2390.0

215,6 420 788.0 382,2 720 1328.0 548,9 1020 1868.0 715,6 1320 2408.0

221,1 430 806.0 287,8 730 1346.0 554,4 1030 1886.0 721,1 1330 2426.0

226,7 440 824.0 393,3 740 1364.0 560,0 1040 1904.0 726,7 1340 2444.0

°F °C

TEMP. IN °C

OR °F TO BE

CONVERTED

°F °C

TEMP. IN °C

OR °F TO BE

CONVERTED

°F °C

TEMP. IN °C

OR °F TO BE

CONVERTED

°F

232,2 450 842.0 398,9 750 1382.0 565,6 1050 1922.0 732,2 1350 2462.0

237,8 460 860.0 404,4 760 1400.0 571,1 1060 1940.0 737,8 1360 2480.0

243,3 470 878.0 410,0 770 1418.0 576,7 1070 1958.0 743,3 1370 2498.0

248,9 480 896.0 415,6 780 1436.0 582,2 1080 1976.0 748,9 1380 2516.0

254,4 490 914.0 421,1 790 1454.0 587,8 1090 1994.0 754,4 1390 2534.0

260,0 500 932.0 426,7 800 1472.0 593,3 1100 2012.0 760,0 1400 2552.0

265,6 510 950.0 432,2 810 1490.0 598,9 1110 2030.0 765,6 1410 2570.0

271,1 520 968.0 437,8 820 1508.0 604,4 1120 2048.0 771,1 1420 2588.0

276,7 530 986.0 443,3 830 1526.0 610,0 1130 2066.0 776,7 1430 2606.0

282,2 540 1004.0 448,9 840 1544.0 615,6 1140 2084.0 782,2 1440 2624.0

287,8 550 1022.0 454,4 850 1562.0 621,1 1150 2102.0 787,0 1450 2642.0

293,3 560 1040.0 460,0 860 1580.0 626,7 1160 2120.0 793,3 1460 2660.0

298,9 570 1058.0 465,6 870 1598.0 632,2 1170 2138.0 798,9 1470 2678.0

304,4 580 1076.0 471,1 880 1616.0 637,8 1180 2156.0 804,4 1480 2696.0

310,0 590 1094.0 476,7 890 1634.0 643,3 1190 2174.0 810,0 1490 2714.0

674

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

A.P.I. and Baumé Gravity Tables and Weight Factors

A.P.I.

Baumé

Specic

Gravity

Gravity

0 10.247 1.0760 8.962 0.1116 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1 9.223 1.0679 8.895 0.1124 31 30.78 0.9808 7.251 0.1379 61 60.46 0.7351 6.119 0.1634 81 80.25 0.6659 5.542 0.1804

2 8.198 1.0599 8.828 0.1133 32 31.77 0.8654 7.206 0.1388 62 61.45 0.7313 6.087 0.1643 82 81.24 0.6628 5.516 0.1813

3 7.173 1.0520 8.762 0.1141 33 32.76 0.8602 7.163 0.1396 63 62.44 0.7275 6.056 0.1651 83 82.23 0.6597 5.491 0.1821

4 6.148 1.0443 8.698 0.1150 34 33.75 0.8550 7.119 0.1405 64 63.43 0.7238 6.025 0.1660 84 83.22 0.6566 5.465 0.1830

5 5.124 1.0366 8.634 0.1158 35 34.73 0.8498 7.075 0.1413 65 64.42 0.7201 6.994 0.1668 85 84.20 0.6536 5.440 0.1838

6 4.099 1.0291 8.571 0.1167 36 35.72 0.8448 7.034 0.1422 66 65.41 0.7165 5.964 0.1677 86 85.19 0.6506 5.415 0.1847

7 3.074 1.0217 8.509 0.1175 37 36.71 0.8398 6.993 0.1430 67 66.40 0.7128 5.934 0.1685 87 86.18 0.6476 5.390 0.1855

8 2.049 1.0143 8.448 0.1184 38 37.70 0.8348 6.951 0.1439 68 67.39 0.7093 5.904 0.1694 88 87.17 0.6446 5.365 0.1864

9 1.025 1.0071 8.388 0.1192 39 38.69 0.8299 6.910 0.1447 69 68.37 0.7057 5.874 0.1702 89 88.16 0.6417 5.341 0.1872

10 10.00 1.0000 8.328 0.1201 40 39.68 0.8251 6.870 0.1456 70 69.36 0.7022 5.845 0.1711 90 89.15 0.6388 5.316 0.1881

Gravity

Lbs/U.S.

Gallons

U.S.

Gallons-

/Lb

A.P.I.

Gravity

Baumé
Gravity

Specic

Gravity

Lbs/U.S.

Gallons

U.S.

Gallons-

/Lb

A.P.I.

Gravity

Baumé
Gravity

Specic

Gravity

Lbs/U.S.
Gallons

U.S.

Gallons-

/Lb

A.P.I.

Gravity

Baumé
Gravity

Specic

Gravity

Lbs/U.S.

Gallons

U.S.

Gallons-

/Lb

11 10.99 0.9930 8.270 0.1209 41 40.67 0.8203 6.830 0.1464 71 70.35 0.6988 5.817 0.1719 91 90.14 0.6360 5.293 0.1889

12 11.98 0.9861 8.212 0.1218 42 41.66 0.8155 6.790 0.1473 72 71.34 0.6953 5.788 0.1728 92 91.13 0.6331 5.269 0.1898

13 12.97 0.9792 8.155 0.1226 43 42.65 0.8109 6.752 0.1481 73 72.33 0.6919 5.759 0.1736 93 92.12 0.6303 5.246 0.1906

14 13.96 0.9725 8.099 0.1235 44 43.64 0.8063 6.713 0.1490 74 73.32 0.6886 5.731 0.1745 94 93.11 0.6275 5.222 0.1915

15 14.95 0.9659 8.044 0.1243 45 44.63 0.8017 6.675 0.1498 75 74.31 0.6852 5.703 0.1753 95 94.10 0.6247 5.199 0.1924

16 15.94 0.9593 7.989 0.1252 46 45.62 0.7972 6.637 0.1507 76 75.30 0.6819 5.676 0.1762 96 95.09 0.6220 5.176 0.1932

17 16.93 0.9529 7.935 0.1260 47 50.61 0.7927 6.600 0.1515 77 76.29 0.6787 5.649 0.1770 97 96.08 0.6193 5.154 0.1940

18 17.92 0.9465 7.882 0.1269 48 50.60 0.7883 6.563 0.1524 78 77.28 0.6754 5.622 0.1779 98 97.07 0.6166 5.131 0.1949

19 18.90 0.9402 7.930 0.1277 49 50.59 0.7839 6.526 0.1532 79 78.27 0.6722 5.595 0.1787 99 98.06 0.6139 5.109 0.1957

20 19.89 0.9340 7.778 0.1286 50 50.58 0.7796 6.490 0.1541 80 79.26 0.6690 5.568 0.1796 100 99.05 0.6112 5.086 0.1966

The relation of degrees Baume or A.P.I. to Specic Gravity is expressed by these formulas:

21 20.88 0.9279 7.727 0.1294 51 50.57 0.7753 6.455 0.1549

22 21.87 0.9218 7.676 0.1303 52 51.55 0.7711 6.420 0.1558

23 22.86 0.9159 7.627 0.1311 53 52.54 0.7669 6.385 0.1566

24 23.85 0.9100 7.578 0.1320 54 53.53 0.7628 6.350 0.1575

25 24.84 0.9042 7.529 0.1328 55 54.52 0.7587 6.136 0.1583

26 25.83 0.8984 7.481 0.1337 56 55.51 0.7547 6.283 0.1592

27 26.82 0.8927 7.434 0.1345 57 56.50 0.7507 6.249 0.1600

28 27.81 0.8871 7.387 0.1354 58 57.49 0.7467 6.216 0.1609

29 28.80 0.8816 7.341 0.1362 59 58.48 0.7428 6.184 0.1617

30 29.79 0.8762 7.296 0.1371 60 59.47 0.7389 6.151 0.1626

For liquids lighter than water: For liquids heavier than water:

Degrees Baume = Degrees Baume =

Degrees A.P.I. =

G = Specic Gravity = ratio of weight of a given volume of oil at 60°F to the weight of the same
        volume of water at 60°F.

The above tables are based on the weight of 1 gallon (U.S.) of oil with a volume of 231 cubic

inches at 60°F in air at 760 mm pressure and 50% relative humidity.  Assumed weight of 1 gallon 
of water at 60°F in air is 8.32828 pounds.

To determine the resulting gravity by mixing oils of different gravities:

D =

  D = Density or Specic Gravity of mixture

m = Proportion of oil of d1 density
n = Proportion of oil of d2 density
d1 = Specic gravity of m oil
d2 = Specic gravity of n oil

140 140

- 130 G =

G 130 + Degrees Baume

141 141.5

- 131.5 G =

5 131.5 + Degrees A.P.I.

md1+md

2

m + n

145 145

145 - G =

5 145 – Degrees Baume

675

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Characteristics of the Elements

ELEMENT SYMBOL

Actinium
Aluminum
Americum
Antimony
(Stibium)
Argon

Arsenic
Astatine
Barium
Berkelium
Beryllium

Bismuth
Boron
Bromine
Cadmium
Calcium

Californium
Carbon
Cerium
Cesium
Chlorine

Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Curium
Dysprosium

Einsteinium
Erbium
Europium
Fermium
Fluourine

Francium
Gadolinium
Gallium
Germanium
Gold

Hafnium
Helium
Holmium
Hydrogen
Indium

Iodine

Iridium
Iron
Krypton
Lanthanum

Lawrencium
Lead
Lithium
Lutetium
Magnesium

Manganese
Mendelevium
Mercury
Molybdenum
Neodymium

1. Mass number shown is that of stable isotope most common in nature. Mass numbers shown in parentheses designate the isotope with the longest half-life (slowest rate of
radioactive decay) for those elements having an unstable isotope.

2. Calculated
> Greater than

Ac

Am

Sb

Ar

As

Ba
Bk
Be

Br
Cd
Ca

Cf

Ce
Cs

Cr
Co
Cu

Cm

Dy

Es
Er
Eu

Fm

Gd
Ga
Ge
Au

Hf
He
Ho

Fe
Kr
La

Lw
Pb

Lu
Mg

Mn
Mv
Hg
Mo
Nd

Al

At

Bi
B

C

Cl

F

Fr

H
In

I

Ir

Li

ATOMIC

NUMBER

89
13
95
51

18

33
85
56
97

4

83

5
35
48
20

98

6
58
55
17

24
27
29
96
66

99
68
63

100

9

87
64
31
32
79

72

2
67

1
49

53

77
26
36
57

103

82

3
71
12

25

101

80
42
60

MASS

NUMBER

(227)

27

(243)

121

40

75

(210)

138

(247)

9

209

11
79

114

40

(249)

12
140
133

35

52

59

63

(248)

164

(254)

166
153

(252)

19

(223)

158

69

74
197

180

4

165

1

115

127

193

56

84
139

(257)

208

7

175

24

55

(256)

202

98
142

MELTING

(1)

POINT (°C)

sublimes at 615

1278±5

1150±50

-259.14

2620±10

BOILING

POINT (°C)

1600†

659.7

630.5

-189.2

sublimes at 615

850

271.3
2300

-7.2

320.9

842±8

>3550

804

28.5

-103±5

1890
1495
1083

-223 -188

29.78

958.5
1063

1700

-272

156.4

113.7

2454
1535

-156.6

826

327.43
186

651

1260

-38.87

840

1560±5

(2)

2000±10

184.35

1336±5

356.58

2057

1380

-185.7

1140

2970

2550

58.78
767±2

1240

4200
1400

670

-34.6

2480
2900
2336

1983
2700
2600

>3200

-268.9

-252.8

>4800

3000

-152.9

1620

1107

1900

4800

ELEMENT SYMBOL

Neon
Neptunium
Nickel
Niobium

Nitrogen

Nobelium
Osmium
Oxygen
Palladium
Phosphorus

Platinum
Plutonium
Polonium
Potassium
Praseodymium

Promethium
Protactinium
Radium
Radon
Rhenium

Rhodium
Rubidium
Ruthenium
Samarium
Scandium

Selenium
Silicon
Silver
Sodium
Strontium

Sulfur
Tantalum
Technetium
Tellurium
Terbium

Thallium
Thorium
Thulium
Tin
Titanium

Tungsten
(Wolfram)
Uranium
Vanadium
Xenon
Ytterbium

Yttrium
Zinc
Zirconium

Ne
Np

Nb

No
Os

Pd

Pu
Po

Pm

Pa
Ra
Rn
Re

Rh
Rb
Ru

Sm

Sc

Se

Ag
Na

Ta
Tc
Te
Tb

Th

Tm

Sn

Xe
Yb

Zn

ATOMIC

NUMBER

10

102

93
28
41

7

76

8
46
15

78
94
84
19
59

61
91
88
86
75

45
37
44
62
21

34
14
47
11
38

16
73
43
52
65

81
90
69
50
22

74

92
23
54
70

39
30
40

Ni

N

O

P

Pt

K

Pr

Si

Sr

S

Tl

Ti

W

U
V

Y

Zr

MASS

NUMBER

20

(237)

58
93

14

(253)

192

16

106

31

195
(242)
(209)

39

141

(145)
(231)
(226)
(222)

187

103

85
102
152

45

80

28
107

23

88

32
180
(99)
130
159

205
232
169
120

48

184

238

51
132
174

89

64

90

(1)

MELTING

POINT (°C)

-248.67

1455

2500±50

-209.86

2700

-218.4

1549.4

1773.5

53.3
940

700

-71

3167±60

1966±3

38.5

2450

>1300

1200

217

1420

960.8

97.5
800

2996±50

452

327±5

302

1845

231.89
1800

3370

c.1133

1710

-112

1800

1490

419.47
1857

BOILING

POINT (°C)

-245.9

2900
3700

-195.8

>5300

-182.86
2000

4300

760

1140

-61.8

>2500

700

2700

2400

688
2355
1950

880
1150

c.4100

1390

1457±10

4500

2270

>3000

5900

3000

-107.1

2500

907

>2900

676

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Recommended Standard Specications for Valve Materials Pressure-Containing Castings

1 Carbon Steel
ASTM A216 Grade WCC

Temperature Range = -20° to 800°F
Composition (Percent)

C 0.25 maximum
Mn 1.20 maximum
P 0.04 maximum
S 0.04 maximum
Si 0.60 maximum

2 Carbon Steel
ASTM A216 Grade WCB

Temperature Range = -20° to 1000°F
Composition (Percent)

C 0.30 maximum
Mn 1.00 maximum
P 0.05 maximum
S 0.06 maximum
Si 0.60 maximum

11 Type 304 Stainless Steel
ASTM A351 Grade CF-8

Temperature Range = -425° to 1500°F
Composition (Percent)

C 0.08 maximum
Mn 1.50 maximum
Si 2.00 maximum
S 0.04 maximum
P 0.04 maximum
Cr 18.00 to 21.00
Ni 8.00 to 11.00

12 Type 316 Stainless Steel
ASTM A351 Grade CF-8M

Temperature Range = -425° to 1500°F
Composition (Percent)

C 0.08 maximum
Mn 1.50 maximum
Si 2.00 maximum
P 0.04 maximum
S 0.04 maximum
Cr 18.00 to 21.00
Ni 9.00 to 12.00
Mo 2.00 to 3.00

3 Carbon Steel
ASTM A352 Grade LCC

Temperature Range = -50° to 650°F
            Composition: same as ASTM A216

Grade WCC

5 Chrome Moly Steel
ASTM A217 Grade C5

Temperature Range = -20° to 1100°F
Composition (Percent)

C 0.20 maximum
Mn 0.40 to 0.70
P 0.05 maximum
S 0.06 maximum
Si 0.75 maximum
Cr 4.00 to 6.50
Mo 0.45 to 0.65

7 Chrome Moly Steel
ASTM A217 Grade WC6

Temperature Range = -20° to 1000°F
Composition (Percent)

C 0.20 maximum
Mn 0.50 to 0.80
P 0.05 maximum
S 0.06 maximum
Si 0.60 maximum
Cr 1.00 to 1.50
Mo 0.45 to 0.65

9 3.5% Nickel Steel
ASTM A352 Grade LC3

Temperature Range = -150° to 650°F
Composition (Percent)

C 0.15 maximum
Mn 0.50 to 0.80
P 0.05 maximum
S 0.05 maximum
Si 0.60 maximum
Ni 3.00 to 4.00

4 Carbon Steel
ASTM A352 Grade LCB

Temperature Range = -50° to 650°F
            Composition: same as ASTM A216

Grade WCB

6 Carbon Moly Steel
ASTM A217 Grade WC1

Temperature Range = -20° to 850°F
Composition (Percent)

C 0.25
Mn 0.50 to 0.80
P 0.05 maximum
S 0.06 maximum
Si 0.60 maximum
Mo 0.45 to 0.65

8 Chrome Moly Steel
ASTM A217 Grade WC9

Temperature Range = -20° to 1050°F 
Composition (Percent)

C 0.18 maximum
Mn 0.40 to 0.70
P 0.05 maximum
Si 0.60 maximum
Cr 2.00 to 2.75
Mo 0.90 to 1.20

10 Chrome Moly Steel
ASTM A217 Grade C12

Temperature Range = -20° to 1100°F 
Composition (Percent)

C 0.20 maximum
Si 1.00 maximum
Mn 0.35 to 0.65
Cr 8.00 to 10.00
Mo 0.90 to 1.20
P 0.05 maximum
S 0.06 maximum

13 Cast Iron
ASTM A126 Class B

Temperature Range = -150° to 450°F 
Composition (Percent)

P 0.75 maximum
S 0.12 maximum

15 Ductile Iron
ASTM A395 Type 60-45-15

Temperature Range = -20° to 650°F
Composition (Percent)

C 3.00 minimum
Si 2.75 maximum
P 0.80 maximum

17 Standard Valve Bronze
ASTM B62

Temperature Range = -325° to 450°F 
Composition (Percent)

Cu 84.00 to 86.00
Sn 4.00 to 6.00
Pb 4.00 to 6.00
Zn 4.00 to 6.00
Ni 1.00 maximum
Fe 0.30 maximum
P 0.05 maximum

19 Manganese Bronze
ASTM B147 Alloy 8A

Temperature Range = -325° to 350°F
Composition (Percent)

Cu 55.00 to 60.00
Sn 1.00 maximum
Pb 0.40 maximum
Ni 0.50 maximum
Fe 0.40 to 2.00
Al 0.50 to 1.50
Mn 1.50 maximum
Zn Remainder

14 Cast Iron
ASTM A126 Class C

Temperature Range = -150° to 450°F
Composition (Percent)

P 0.75 maximum
S 0.12 maximum

16        Ductile Ni-Resist* Iron

ASTM A439 Type D-2B

Temperature Range = -20° to 750°F 
Composition (Percent)

C 3.00 maximum
Si 1.50 to 3.00
Mn 0.70 to 1.25
P 0.08 maximum
Ni 18.00 to 22.00
Cr 2.75 to 4.00

18 Tin Bronze
ASTM B143 Alloy 1A

Temperature Range = -325° to 400°F 
Composition (Percent)

Cu 86.00 to 89.00
Sn 9.00 to 11.00
Pb 0.30 maximum
Zn 1.00 to 3.00
Ni 1.00 maximum
Fe 0.15 maximum
P 0.05 maximum

20 Aluminum Bronze
ASTM B148 Alloy 9C

            Temperature Range = -325° to 500°F      

Composition (Percent)

Cu 83.00 minimum
Al 10.00 to 11.50
Fe 3.00 to 5.00
Mn 0.50
Ni 2.50 maximum
Minimum total named
elements = 99.5

- continued -

677

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Recommended Standard Specications for Valve Materials Pressure-Containing Castings (continued)

21        Mondel* Alloy 411

(Weldable Grade)

Temperature Range = -325° to 900°F
Composition (Percent)

Ni 60.00 minimum
Cu 26.00 to 33.00
C 0.30 maximum
Mn 1.50 maximum
Fe 3.50 maximum
S 0.015 maximum
Si 1.00 to 2.00
Nb 1.00 to 3.00

23 Nickel-Moly-Chrome Alloy “C”

ASTM A494 (Hastelloy® “C” †)

Temperature Range = -325° to 1000°F
Composition (Percent)

Cr 15.50 to 17.50
Fe 4.50 to 7.50
W 3.75 to 5.25
C 0.12 maximum
Si 1.00 maximum
Co 2.50 maximum
Mn 1.00 maximum
V 0.20 to 0.40
Mo 16.00 to 18.00
P 0.04
S 0.03
Ni Remainder

25 Aluminum Bar
ASTM B211 Alloy 20911-T3

Composition (Percent)

Si 0.40 maximum
Fe 0.70 maximum
Cu 5.00 to 6.00
Zn 0.30 maximum
Bi 0.20 to 0.60
Pb 0.20 to 0.60
Other Elements 0.15 maximum
Al Remainder

27 Naval Brass Bar
ASTM B21 Allow 464

Composition (Percent)

Cu 59.00 to 62.00
Sn 0.50 to 1.00
Pb 0.20 maximum
Zn Remainder

29 Carbon Steel Bar
ASTM A108 Grade 1018

Composition (Percent)

C 0.15 to 0.20
Mn 0.60 to 0.90
P 0.04 maximum
S 0.05 maximum

22 Nickel-Moly Alloy “B”

ASTM A494 (Hastelloy® “B” †)

Temperature Range = -325° to 700°F
Composition (Percent)

Cr 1.00 maximum
Fe 4.00 to 6.00
C 0.12 maximum
Si 1.00 maximum
Co 2.50 maximum
Mn 1.00 maximum
V 0.20 to 0.60
Mo 26.00 to 30.00
P 0.04 maximum
S 0.03 maximum
Ni Remainder

24 Cobalt-based Alloy No.6
Stellite † No. 6

Composition (Percent)

C 0.90 to 1.40
Mn 1.00
W 3.00 to 6.00
Ni 3.00
Cr 26.00 to 32.00
Mo 1.00
Fe 3.00
Se 0.40 to 2.00
Co Remainder

26 Yellow Brass Bar
ASTM B16 1/2 Hard

Composition (Percent)

Cu 60.00 to 63.00
Pb 2.50 to 3.70
Fe 0.35 maximum
Zn Remainder

28 Leaded Steel Bar
AISI 12L14

Composition (Percent)

C 0.15 maximum
Mn 0.80 to 1.20
P 0.04 to 0.09
S 0.25 to 0.35
Pb 0.15 to 0.35

30 AISI 4140 Chrome-Moly Steel
(Suitable for ASTM A193
Grade B7 bolt material)

Composition (Percent)

C 0.38 to 0.43
Mn 0.75 to 1.00
P 0.035 maximum
S 0.04 maximum
Si 0.20 to 0.35
Cr 0.80 to 1.10
Mo 0.15 to 0.25
Fe Remainder

31 Type 302 Stainless Steel
ASTM A276 Type 302

Composition (Percent)

C 0.15 maximum
Mn 2.00 maximum
P 0.045 maximum
S 0.030 maximum
Si 1.00 maximum
Cr 17.00 to 19.00
Ni 8.00 to 10.00

33 Type 316 Stainless Steel
ASTM A276 Type 316

Composition (Percent)

C 0.08 maximum
Mn 2.00 maximum
P 0.045 maximum
S 0.030 maximum
Si 1.00 maximum
Cr 16.00 to 18.00
Ni 10.00 to 14.00
Mo 2.00 to 3.00

35 Type 410 Stainless Steel
ASTM A276 Type 410

Composition (Percent)

C 0.15 maximum
Mn 1.00 maximum
P 0.040 maximum
S 0.030 maximum
Si 1.00 maximum
Cr 11.50 to 13.50
Al 0.10 to 0.30

37 Nickel-Copper Alloy Bar

Alloy K500 (K Monel®*)

Composition (Percent)

Ni 63.00 to 70.00
Fe 2.00 maximum
Mn 1.50 maximum
Si 1.00 maximum
C 0.25 maximum
S 0.01 maximum
Al 2.00 to 4.00
Ti 0.25 to 1.00
Cu Remainder

39 Nickel-Moly-Chrome Alloy “C” Bar

ASTM B336 (Hastelloy® “C” †)

Composition (Percent)

Cr 14.50 to 16.50
Fe 4.00 to 7.00
W 3.00 to 4.50
C 0.08 maximum
Si 1.00 maximum
Co 2.50 maximum
Mn 1.00 maximum
Va 0.35 maximum
Mo 15.00 to 17.00
P 0.04
S 0.03
Ni Remainder

32 Type 304 Stainless Steel
ASTM A276 Type 304

Composition (Percent)

C 0.08 maximum
Mn 2.00 maximum
P 0.045 maximum
S 0.030 maximum
Si 1.00 maximum
Cr 18.00 to 20.00
Ni 8.00 to 12.00

34 Type 316L Stainless Steel
ASTM A276 Type 316L

Composition (Percent)

C 0.03 maximum
Mn 2.00 maximum
P 0.045 maximum
S 0.030 maximum
Si 1.00 maximum
Cr 16.00 to 18.00
Ni 10.00 to 14.00
Mo 2.00 to 3.00

36 Type 17-4PH Stainless Steel
ASTM A461 Grade 630

Composition (Percent)

C 0.07 maximum
Mn 1.00 maximum
Si 1.00 maximum
P 0.04 maximum
S 0.03 maximum
Cr 15.50 to 17.50
Nb 0.05 to 0.45
Cu 3.00 to 5.00
Ni 3.00 to 5.00
Fe Remainder

38 Nickel-Moly Alloy “B” Bar

ASTM B335 (Hastelloy® “B” †)

Composition (Percent)

Cr 1.00 maximum
Fe 4.00 to 6.00
C 0.04 maximum
Si 1.00 maximum
Co 2.50 maximum
Mn 1.00 maximum
V 0.20 to 0.40
Mo 26.00 to 30.00
P 0.025 maximum
S 0.030 maximum
Ni Remainder

678

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Recommended Standard Specications for Valve Materials Pressure-Containing Castings

MATERIAL CODE

AND DESCRIPTION

1 Carbon Steel ASTM A 216 Grade WCC 70,000 40,000 22 35 30.4 137 to 187

2 Carbon Steel ASTM A 216 Grade WCB 70,000 36,000 22 35 27.9 137 to 187

3 Carbon Steel ASTM A 352 Grade LCC 70,000 40,000 22 35 29.9 137 to 187

4 Carbon Steel ASTM A 352 Grade LCB 65,000 35,000 24 35 27.9 137 to 187

5 Chrome Moly Steel ASTM A217 Grade C5 90,000 60,000 18 35 27.4 241 Maximum

6 Carbon Moly Steel ASTM A217 Grade WC1 65,000 35,000 24 35 29.9 215 Maximum

7 Chrome Moly Steel ASTM A217 Grade WC6 70,000 40,000 20 35 29.9 215 Maximum

8 Chrome Moly Steel ASTM A217 Grade WC9 70,000 40,000 20 35 29.9 241 Maximum

9 3.5% Nickel Steel ASTM A352 Grade LC3 65,000 40,000 24 35 27.9 137

10 Chrome Moly Steel ASTM A217 Grade C12 90,000 60,000 18 35 27.4 180 to 240

11 Type 304 Stainless Steel ASTM A351 Grade CF8 65,000 28,000 35 - - - - 28.0 140

12 Type 316 Stainless Steel ASTM A351 Grade CF8M 70,000 30,000 30 - - - - 28.3 156 to 170

13 Cast Iron ASTM A126 Class B 31,000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 160 to 220

14 Cast Iron ASTM A126 Class C 41,000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 160 to 220

15 Ductile Iron ASTM A395 Type 60-45-15 60,000 45,000 15 - - - - 23-26 143 to 207

16 Ductile Ni-Resist Iron

17 Standard Valve Bronze ASTM B62 30,000 14,000 20 17 13.5 55 to 65*

18 Tin Bronze ASTM B143 Alloy 1A 40,000 18,000 20 20 15 75 to 85*

19 Manganese Bronze ASTM B147 Alloy 8A 65,000 25,000 20 20 15.4 98*

20 Aluminum Bronze ASTM B148 Alloy 9C 75,000 30,000 12 minimum 12 17 150

21 Mondel Alloy 411 (Weldable Grade) 65,000 32,500 25 - - - - 23 120 to 170

22 Nickel-Moly Alloy “B” ASTM A494 (Hastelloy® “B”) 72,000 46,000 6 - - - - - - - - - - - -

23 Nickel-Moly-Chrome Alloy “C” ASTM A494 (Hastelloy® “C”) 72,000 46,000 4 - - - - - - - - - - - -

24 Cobalt-base Alloy No.6 Stellite No. 6 121,000 64,000 1 to 2 - - - - 30.4 - - - -

25 Aluminum Bar ASTM B211 Alloy 20911-T3 44,000 36,000 15 - - - - 10.2 95

26 Yellow Brass Bar ASTM B16-1/2 Hard 45,000 15,000 7 50 14 - - - -

27 Naval Brass Bar ASTM B21 Alloy 464 60,000 27,000 22 55 - - - - - - - -

28 Leaded Steel Bar AISI 12L14 79,000 71,000 16 52 - - - - 163

29 Carbon Steel Bar ASTM A108 Grade 1018 69,000 48,000 38 62 - - - - 143

30 AISI 4140 Chrome-Moly Steel

31 Type 302 Stainless Steel ASTM A276 Type 302 85,000 35,000 60 70 28 150

32 Type 304 Stainless Steel ASTM A276 Type 304 85,000 35,000 60 70 - - - - 149

33 Type 316 Stainless Steel ASTM A276 Type 316 80,000 30,000 60 70 28 149

34 Type 316L Stainless Steel ASTM A276 Type 316L 81,000 34,000 55 - - - - - - - - 146

35 Type 410 Stainless Steel ASTM A276 Type 410 75,000 40,000 35 70 29 155

36 Type 17-4PH Stainless Steel ASTM A461 Grade 630 135,000 105,000 16 50 29 275 to 345

37 Nickel-Copper Alloy Bar Alloy K500 (K Monel®) 100,000 70,000 35 - - - - 26 175 to 260

38 Nickel-Moly Alloy “B” Bar ASTM B335 (Hastelloy® “B”) 100,000 46,000 30 - - - - - - - - - - - -

39 Nickel-Moly Alloy “C” Bar ASTM B336 (Hastelloy® “C”) 100,000 46,000 20 - - - - - - - - - - - -

1. 500 kg load.

(1)

ASTM A439 Type D-2B 58,000 30,000 7 - - - - - - - - 148 to 211

(Suitable for ASTM A193 Grade B7
bolt material)

MINIMUM PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Tensile

(Psi)

135,000 115,000 22 63 29.9 255

Yield

Point (Psi)

Elong.

in 2-inches

(%)

Reduction

of Area (%)

MODULUS OF

ELASTICITY AT

70°F (PSI x 106)

APPROXIMATE

HARDNESS

BRINELL

679

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Physical Constants of Hydrocarbons

CRITICAL CONSTANTS

Critical

Temperature

(5)

-116.63

(5)

(5)

206.01

305.65

274.98

369.10

321.13

435.83

420.13

440.29

495.00

503.78

513.48

477.23

475.95

505.85

496.44

564.22

530.44

519.46

610.68

499.35

570.27

(5)

(5)

(5)

324.37

311.86

292.55

376.93
(339)

(412)

552.22

605.55

651.24

651.02

(°F)

90.09

385.7

453.7

448.3

512.8

652.1

461.5

536.7

48.58

196.9

295.6

306

95.31

675.0

649.6

706.0

676.4

NO. COMPOUND FORMULA

1

Methane

2

Ethane

3

Propane

4

n-Butane

5

Isobutane

6

n-Pentane

7

Isopentane

8

Neopentane

9

n-Hexane

10

2-Methylpentane

11

3-Methylpentane

12

Neohexane

13

2,3-Dimethylbutane

14

n-Heptane

15

2-Methylhexane

16

3-Methylhexane

17

3-Ethylpentane

18

2,2-Dimethylpentane

19

2,4-Dimethylpentane

20

3,3-Dimethylpentane

21

Triptane

22

n-Octane

23

Disobutyl

24

Isooctane

25

n-Nonane

26

n-Decane

27

Cyclopentane

28

Methylcyclopentane

29

Cyclohexane

30

Methylcyclohexane

31

Ethylene

32

Propene

33

1-Butene

34

Cis-2-Butene

35

Trans-2-Butene

36

Isobutene

37

1-Pentene

38

1,2-Butadiene

39

1,3-Butadiene

40

Isoprene

41

Acetylene

42

Benzene

43

Toluene

44

Ethylbenzene

45

o-Xylene

46

m-Xylene

47

p-Xylene

48

Styrene

49

Isopropylbenzane

1. Calculated values.

2. ( ) - Estimated values.

3. Air saturated hydrocarbons.

4. Absolute values from weights in vacuum.

5. At saturation pressure (- - - -).

6. Sublimation point.

  7.  Saturation pressure at 60°F.

  8.  Apparent value for methane at 60°F.

  9.  Specic gravity, 119°F/60°F (sublimation point).

CH
C2H
C3H

C4H
C4H

C5H
C5H
C5H

C6H
C6H
C6H
C6H
C6H

C7H
C7H
C7H
C7H
C7H
C7H
C7H
C7H

C8H
C8H
C8H
C9H

C10H

C5H
C6H
C6H
C7H

C2H
C3H
C4H
C4H
C4H
C4H

C5H

C4H
C4H
C5H

C2H
C6H
C7H

C8H
C8H
C8H
C8H

C8H

C9H

4

6

8

10

10

12

12

12

14

14

14

14

14

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

16

18

18

18

20

22

10

12

12

14

4

6

8

8

8

8

10

6

6

8

2

6

8

10

10

10

10

8

12

MOLECULAR

WEIGHT

16.043

30.070

44.097

58.124

58.124

72.151

72.151

72.151

86.178

86.178

86.178

86.178

86.178

100.205

100.205

100.205

100.205

100.205

100.205

100.205

100.205

114.232

114.232

114.232

128.259

142.286

70.135

84.162

84.162

98.189

28.054

42.081

56.108

56.108

56.108

56.108

70.135

54.092

54.092

68.119

26.038

78.114

92.141

106.168

106.168

106.168

106.168

104.152

120.195

BOILING

POINT AT

14.696 PSIA

(°F)

-258.69

-127.48

-43.67

31.10

10.90

96.92

82.12

49.10

155.72

140.47

145.89

121.52

136.36

209.17

194.09

197.32

200.25

174.54

176.89

186.91

177.58

258.22

228.39

210.63

303.47

345.48

120.65

161.25

177.29

213.68

-154.62

-53.90

20.75

38.69

33.58

19.59

85.93

51.56

24.06

93.30

(6)

-119

176.17

231.13

277.16

291.97

282.41

281.05

293.29

306.34

VAPOR

PRESSURE AT

100°F (PSIA)

(2)

(5000)

(2)

(800)

190

51.6

72.2

15.570

20.44

35.9

4.956

6.767

6.098

9.856

7.404

1.620

2.271

2.130

2.012

3.492

3.292

2.773

3.374

0.537

1.101

1.708

0.179

0.0597

9.914

4.503

3.264

1.609

- - - -

226.4

63.05

45.54

49.80

63.40

19.115

(2)

(20)

(2)

(60)

16.672

- - - -

3.224

1.032

0.371

0.264

0.326

0.342

(2)

(0.24)

0.188

FREEZING

POINT AT

14.696 PSIA

(°F)

-296.46

-297.89

-305.84

-217.05

-255.29

-201.51

-255.83

2.17

-139.58

-244.63

- - - -

-147.72

-199.38

-131.05

-180.89

- - - -

-181.48

-190.86

-182.63

-210.01

-12.82

-70.18

-132.07

-161.27

-64.28

-21.36

-136.91

-224.44

43.77

-195.98

-272.45

-301.45

-301.63

-218.06

-157.96

-220.61

-265.39

-213.16

-164.02

-230.74

(5)

-114

41.96

-138.94

-138.91

-13.30

-54.12

55.86

-23.10

-140.82

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

AT 14.696 PSIA

Critical

Pressure

(psia)

667.8

707.8

616.3

550.7

529.1

488.6

490.4

464.0

436.9

436.6

453.1

446.8

453.5

396.8

396.5

408.1

419.3

402.2

396.9

427.2

428.4

360.6

360.6

372.4
332
304

653.8

548.9
591

503.5

729.8
669
583
610
595
580

(2)

(2)

590

(653)

628

(558.4)

890.4

710.4

595.9

523.5

541.4

513.6

509.2
580

465.4

(2)

(2)

(3, 4)

Liquid

60°F/60°F

0.3000

0.3564

0.5077

0.5844

0.5631

0.6310

0.6247

0.5967

0.6640

0.6579

0.6689

0.6540

0.6664

0.6882

0.6830

0.6917

0.7028

0.6782

0.6773

0.6976

0.6946

0.7068

0.6979

0.6962

0.7217

0.7342

0.7504

0.7536

0.7834

0.7740

- - - -

0.5220

0.6013

0.6271

0.6100

0.6004

(7)

0.645

(7)

0.658

0.6272

0.6861

(9)

0.615

0.8844

0.8718

0.8718

0.8848

0.8687

0.8657

0.9110

0.8663

(8)

(7)

(7)

(7)

(7)

(7)

(7)

(7)

(7)

(7)

(7)

(7)

,

Gas at 60°F

(Air = 1)

0.5539

1.0382

1.5225

2.0068

2.0068

2.4911

2.4911

2.4911

2.9753

2.9753

2.9753

2.9753

2.9753

3.4596

3.4596

3.4596

3.4596

3.4596

3.4596

3.4596

3.4596

3.9439

3.9439

3.9439

4.4282

4.9125

2.4215

2.9057

2.9057

3.3900

0.9686

1.4529

1.9372

1.9372

1.9372

1.9372

2.4215

1.8676

1.8676

2.3519

0.8990

2.6969

3.1812

3.6655

3.6655

3.6655

3.6655

3.5959

4.1498

(1)

680

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Physical Constants of Various Fluids

FLUID FORMULA

Acetic Acid HC2H3O

3

MOLECULAR

WEIGHT

60.06 245 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.05 - - - -

BOILING POINT

(°F AT 14.696

PSIA)

Acetone C3H6O 58.08 133 - - - - 455 691 0.79 2.01

Air N2O

2

28.97 -317 - - - - -221 547 0.86

Alcohol, Ethyl C2H6O 46.07 173 2.3

Alcohol, Methyl CH4O 32.04 148 4.63

Ammonia NH

Ammonium
Chloride

Ammonium
Hydroxide

Ammonium

(1)

Sulfate

(1)

(1)

NH4Cl - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.07 - - - -

NH4OH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.91 - - - -

(NH4)2SO

3

4

17.03 -28 114 270 1636 0.62 0.59

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.15 - - - -

Aniline C6H7N 93.12 365 - - - - 798 770 1.02 - - - -

Argon A 39.94 -302 - - - - -188 705 1.65 1.38

Bromine Br

Calcium
Chloride

(1)

CaCl

Carbon Dioxide CO

Carbon Disulde CS

2

2

2

2

159.84 138 - - - - 575 - - - - 2.93 5.52

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.23 - - - -

44.01 -109 839 88 1072 0.801

76.1 115 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.29 2.63

Carbon Monoxide CO 28.01 -314 - - - - -220 507 0.80 0.97

Carbon
Tetrachloride

Chlorine Cl

Chromic Acid H2CrO

Citric Acid C6H8O

Copper Sulfate

(1)

CCl

CuSO

4

2

4

7

4

153.84 170 - - - - 542 661 1.59 5.31

70.91 -30 85 291 1119 1.42 2.45

118.03 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.21 - - - -

192.12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.54 - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.17 - - - -

Ether (C2H5)2O 74.12 34 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.74 2.55

Ferric Chloride

Fluorine F

(1)

FeCl

3

2

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.23 - - - -

38.00 -305 300 -200 809 1.11 1.31

Formaldehyde H2CO 30.03 -6 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.82 1.08

Formic Acid HCO2H 46.03 214 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.23 - - - -

Furfural C5H4O

Glycerine C3H8O

Glycol C2H6O

2

3

2

96.08 324 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.16 - - - -

92.09 554 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.26 - - - -

62.07 387 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.11 - - - -

Helium He 4.003 -454 - - - - -450 33 0.18 0.14

Hydrochloric Acid HCl 36.47 -115 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.64 - - - -

Hydrouoric Acid HF 20.01 66 0.9 446 - - - - 0.92 - - - -

Hydrogen H

Hydrogen
Chloride

2

HCl 36.47 -115 613 125 1198 0.86 1.26

2.016 -422 - - - - -400 188 0.07

Hydrogen Sulde H2S 34.07 -76 252 213 1307 0.79 1.17

Isopropyl Alcohol C3H8O 60.09 180 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.78 2.08

Linseed Oil - - - - - - - - 538 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.93 - - - -

1. Aqueous Solution - 25% by weight of compound.

  2.  Vapor pressure in psia at 100°F.

  3.  Density of liquid, gm/ml at normal boiling point.

VAPOR

PRESSURE

AT 70°F (PSIG)

(2)

(2)

CRITICAL

TEMPERATURE

(°F)

CRITICAL

PRESSURE

(PSIA)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

Liquid 60°F/60°F Gas

‡

470 925 0.794 1.59

463 1174 0.796 1.11

(3)

(3)

1.0

1.52

0.07

681

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Physical Constants of Various Fluids (continued)

FLUID FORMULA

Magnesium

(1)

Chloride

MgCl

2

MOLECULAR

WEIGHT

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.22 - - - -

BOILING POINT

(°F AT 14.696

PSIA)

Mercury Hg 200.61 670 - - - - - - - - - - - - 13.6 6.93

Methyl Bromide CH3Br 94.95 38 13 376 - - - - 1.73 3.27

Methyl Chloride CH3Cl 50.49 -11 59 290 969 0.99 1.74

Naphthalene C10H

Nitric Acid HNO

Nitrogen N

8

3

2

128.16 424 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.14 4.43

63.02 187 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.5 - - - -

28.02 -320 - - - - -233 493 0.81

Oil, Vegetable - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.91 to 0.94 - - - -

Oxygen O

Phosgene COCl

Phosphoric Acid H3PO

Potassium
Carbonate

Potassium
Chloride

Potassium
Hydroxide

(1)

(1)

(1)

K2CO

KCl - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.16 - - - -

KOH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.24 - - - -

2

2

4

3

32 -297 - - - - -181 737 1.14

98.92 47 10.7 360 823 1.39 3.42

98.00 415 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.83 - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.24 - - - -

Refrigerant 11 CCl3F 137.38 75 13.4 388 635 - - - - 5.04

Refrigerant 12 CCl2F

Refrigerant 13 CClF

2

3

120.93 -22 70.2 234 597 - - - - 4.2

104.47 -115 458.7 84 561 - - - - - - - -

Refrigerant 21 CHCl2F 102.93 48 8.4 353 750 - - - - 3.82

Refrigerant 22 CHClF

Refrigerant 23 CHF

Sodium

(1)

Chloride

Sodium

(1)

Hydroxide

Sodium Sulfate

Sodium
Thiosulfate

(1)

(1)

NaCl - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.19 - - - -

NaOH - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.27 - - - -

Na2SO

Na2SO

2

3

4

3

86.48 -41 122.5 205 716 - - - - - - - -

70.02 -119 635 91 691 - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.24 - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.23 - - - -

Starch (C6H10O5)x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.50 - - - -

Sugar Solutions

Sulfuric Acid H2SO

Sulfer Dioxide SO

(1)

C12H22O

11

4

2

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.10 - - - -

98.08 626 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.83 - - - -

64.6 14 34.4 316 1145 1.39 2.21

Turpentine - - - - - - - - 320 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.87 - - - -

Water H2O 18.016 212 0.9492

Zinc Chloride

Zinc Sulfate

1. Aqueous Solution - 25% by weight of compound.

  2.  Vapor pressure in psia at 100°F.

  3.  Density of liquid, gm/ml at normal boiling point.

(1)

(1)

ZnCl

ZnSO

2

4

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.24 - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.31 - - - -

VAPOR

PRESSURE

AT 70°F (PSIG)

(2)

CRITICAL

TEMPERATURE

(°F)

CRITICAL

PRESSURE

(PSIA)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

Liquid 60°F/60°F Gas

(3)

(3)

706 3208 1.00 0.62

0.97

1.105

682

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Properties of Water

TEMPERATURE

OF WATER (°F)

32 0.0885 8.345 1.0013 0.00199

40 0.1217 8.345 1.0013 0.00199

50 0.1781 8.340 1.0007 0.00199

60 0.2653 8.334 1.0000 0.00199

70 0.3631 8.325 0.9989 0.00200

80 0.5069 8.314 0.9976 0.00200

90 0.6982 8.303 0.9963 0.00200

100 0.9492 8.289 0.9946 0.00201

110 1.2748 8.267 0.9919 0.00201

120 1.6924 8.253 0.9901 0.00200

130 2.2225 8.227 0.9872 0.00202

140 2.8886 8.207 0.9848 0.00203

150 3.718 8.182 0.9818 0.00203

160 4.741 8.156 0.9786 0.00204

170 5.992 8.127 0.9752 0.00205

180 7.510 8.098 0.9717 0.00205

190 9.339 8.068 0.9681 0.00206

200 11.526 8.039 0.9646 0.00207

210 14.123 8.005 0.9605 0.00208

212 14.696 7.996 0.9594 0.00208

220 17.186 7.972 0.9566 0.00209

240 24.969 7.901 0.9480 0.00210

260 35.429 7.822 0.9386 0.00211

280 49.203 7.746 0.9294 0.00215

300 67.013 7.662 0.9194 0.00217

350 134.63 7.432 0.8918 0.00224

400 247.31 7.172 0.8606 0.00232

450 422.6 6.892 0.8270 0.00241

500 680.8 6.553 0.7863 0.00254

550 1045.2 6.132 0.7358 0.00271

600 1542.9 5.664 0.6796 0.00294

700 3093.7 3.623 0.4347 0.00460

1.  Multiply ow in pounds per hour by the factor to get equivalent ow in gallons per    
minute. Weight per gallon is based on 7.48 gallons per cubic foot.

SATURATION

PRESSURE (POUNDS

PER SQUARE INCH

ABSOLUTE)

WEIGHT

(POUNDS PER

GALLON)

SPECIFIC

GRAVITY
60°F/60°F

CONVERSION

FACTOR

LBS/HR TO GPM

Properties of Saturated Steam

ABSOLUTE

(1)

,

PRESSURE

Inches

PSIA

of Hg

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

10.18

5.5

11.20

6.0

12.22

6.5

13.23

7.0

14.25

7.5

15.27

8.0

16.29

8.5

17.31

9.0

18.32

9.5

19.34

10.0

20.36

11.0

22.40

12.0

24.43

13.0

26.47

14.0

28.50

0.41

0.51

0.61

0.71

0.81

0.92

1.02

1.22

1.43

1.63

1.83

2.04

2.44

2.85

3.26

3.66

4.07

4.48

4.89

5.29

5.70

6.11

7.13

8.14

9.16

VACUUM

(INCHES

OF HG)

29.51

29.41

29.31

29.21

29.11

29.00

28.90

28.70

28.49

28.29

28.09

27.88

27.48

27.07

26.66

26.26

25.85

25.44

25.03

24.63

24.22

23.81

22.79

21.78

20.76

19.74

18.72

17.70

16.69

15.67

14.65

13.63

12.61

11.60

10.58

9.56

7.52

5.49

3.45

1.42

TEMP.

(°F)

53.14

59.30

64.47

68.93

72.86

76.38

79.58

85.21

90.08

94.38

98.24

101.74

107.92

113.26

117.99

122.23

126.08

129.62

132.89

135.94

138.79

141.48

147.57

152.97

157.83

162.24

166.30

170.06

173.56

176.85

179.94

182.86

185.64

188.28

190.80

193.21

197.75

201.96

205.88

209.56

HEAT

OF THE

LIQUID

(BTU/LB.)

21.21

27.36

32.52

36.97

40.89

44.41

47.60

53.21

58.07

62.36

66.21

69.70

75.87

81.20

85.91

90.14

93.99

97.52

100.79

103.83

106.68

109.37

115.46

120.86

125.71

130.13

134.19

137.96

141.47

144.76

147.86

150.79

153.57

156.22

158.75

161.17

165.73

169.96

173.91

177.61

LATENT HEAT

OF

EVAPORATION

(BTU/LB.)

1063.8

1060.3

1057.4

1054.9

1052.7

1050.7

1048.8

1045.7

1042.9

1040.4

1038.3

1036.3

1032.7

1029.6

1026.9

1024.5

1022.2

1020.2

1018.3

1016.5

1014.8

1013.2

1009.6

1006.4

1003.6

1001.0

998.5

996.2

994.1

992.1

990.2

988.5

986.8

985.2

983.6

982.1

979.3

976.6

974.2

971.9

TOTAL HEAT

OF

STEAM HG

(BTU/LB.)

1085.0

1087.7

1090.0

1091.9

1093.6

1095.1

1096.4

1098.9

1101.0

1102.8

1104.5

1106.0

1108.6

1110.8

1112.8

1114.6

1116.2

1117.7

1119.1

1120.3

1121.5

1122.6

1125.1

1127.3

1129.3

1131.1

1132.7

1134.2

1135.6

1136.9

1138.1

1139.3

1140.4

1141.4

1142.3

1143.3

1145.0

1146.6

1148.1

1149.5

SPECIFIC

VOLUME

(CUBIC
FT./LB.)

1526.0

1235.3

1039.5

898.5

791.9

708.5

641.4

540.0

466.9

411.7

368.4

333.6

280.9

243.0

214.3

191.8

173.73

158.85

146.38

135.78

126.65

67.24

61.98

57.50

53.64

50.29

67.24

61.98

57.50

53.64

50.29

47.34

44.73

42.40

40.31

38.42

35.14

32.40

30.06

28.04

- continued -

683

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Properties of Saturated Steam (continued)

PRESSURE (PSI)

AbsoluteP’Gauge

14.696

15.0

16.0

17.0

18.0

19.0

20.0

21.0

22.0

23.0

24.0

25.0

26.0

27.0

28.0

29.0

30.0

31.0

32.0

33.0

34.0

35.0

36.0

37.0

38.0

39.0

40.0

41.0

42.0

43.0

44.0

45.0

46.0

47.0

48.0

49.0

50.0

51.0

52.0

53.0

54.0

55.0

56.0

57.0

58.0

59.0

60.0

61.0

62.0

63.0

64.0

65.0

66.0

67.0

68.0

69.0

70.0

71.0

72.0

73.0

74.0

0.0

0.3

1.3

2.3

3.3

4.3

5.3

6.3

7.3

8.3

9.3

10.3

11.3

12.3

13.3

14.3

15.3

16.3

17.3

18.3

19.3

20.3

21.3

22.3

23.3

24.3

25.3

26.3

27.3

28.3

29.3

30.3

31.3

32.3

33.3

34.3

35.3

36.3

37.3

38.3

39.3

40.3

41.3

42.3

43.3

44.3

45.3

46.3

47.3

48.3

49.3

50.3

51.3

52.3

53.3

54.3

55.3

56.3

57.3

58.3

59.3

P

TEMP.

(°F)

212.00

213.03

216.32

219.44

222.41

225.24

227.96

230.57

233.07

235.49

237.82

240.07

242.25

244.36

246.41

248.40

250.33

252.22

254.05

255.84

257.58

259.28

260.95

262.57

264.16

265.72

267.25

268.74

270.21

271.64

273.05

274.44

275.80

277.13

278.45

279.74

281.01

282.26

283.49

284.70

285.90

287.07

288.28

289.37

290.50

291.61

292.71

293.79

294.85

295.90

296.94

297.97

298.99

299.99

300.98

301.96

302.92

303.88

304.83

305.76

306.68

HEAT OF

THE LIQUID

(BTU/LB)

180.07

181.11

184.42

187.56

190.56

193.42

196.16

198.79

201.33

203.78

206.14

208.42

210.62

212.75

214.83

216.86

218.82

220.73

222.59

224.41

226.18

227.91

229.60

231.26

232.89

234.48

236.03

237.55

239.04

240.51

241.95

243.36

244.75

246.12

247.47

248.79

250.09

251.37

252.63

253.87

255.09

256.30

257.50

258.67

259.82

260.96

262.09

263.20

264.30

265.38

266.45

267.50

268.55

269.58

270.60

291.61

272.61

273.60

274.57

275.54

276.49

LATENT HEAT

OF

EVAPORATION

(BTU/LB)

970.3

969.7

967.6

965.5

963.6

961.9

960.1

958.4

956.8

955.2

953.7

952.1

950.7

949.3

947.9

946.5

945.3

944.0

942.8

941.6

940.3

939.2

938.0

936.9

935.8

934.7

933.7

932.6

931.6

930.6

929.6

928.6

927.7

926.7

925.8

924.9

924.0

923.0

922.2

921.3

920.5

919.6

918.8

917.9

917.1

916.3

915.5

914.7

913.9

913.1

912.3

911.6

910.8

910.1

909.4

908.7

907.9

907.2

906.5

905.8

905.1

TOTAL HEAT

OF STEAM H

(BTU/LB)

1150.4

1150.8

1152.0

1153.1

1154.2

1155.3

1156.3

1157.2

1158.1

1159.0

1159.8

1160.6

1161.3

1162.0

1162.7

1163.4

1164.1

1164.7

1165.4

1166.0

1166.5

1167.1

1167.6

1168.2

1168.7

1169.2

1169.7

1170.2

1170.7

1171.1

1171.6

1172.0

1172.4

1172.9

1173.3

1173.7

1174.1

1174.4

1174.8

1175.2

1175.6

1175.9

1176.3

1176.6

1176.9

1177.3

1177.6

1177.9

1178.2

1178.5

1178.8

1179.1

1179.4

1179.7

1180.0

1180.3

1180.6

1180.8

1181.1

1181.3

1181.6

SPECIFIC

VOLUME

g

(FT3/LB)

26.80

26.29

24.72

23.39

22.17

21.08

20.089

19.192

18.375

17.627

16.938

16.303

15.715

15.170

14.663

14.189

13.746

13.330

12.940

12.572

12.226

11.898

11.588

11.294

11.150

10.750

10.498

10.258

10.029

9.810

9.601

9.401

9.209

9.025

8.848

8.678

8.515

8.359

8.208

8.062

7.922

7.787

7.656

7.529

7.407

7.289

7.175

7.064

6.957

6.853

6.752

6.655

6.560

6.468

6.378

6.291

6.206

6.124

6.044

5.966

5.890

∇

PRESSURE (PSI)

AbsoluteP’Gauge

- - - -

75.0

76.0

77.0

78.0

79.0

80.0

81.0

82.0

83.0

84.0

85.0

86.0

87.0

88.0

89.0

90.0

91.0

92.0

93.0

94.0

95.0

96.0

97.0

98.0

99.0

100.0

101.0

102.0

103.0

104.0

105.0

106.0

107.0

108.0

109.0

110.0

111.0

112.0

113.0

114.0

115.0

116.0

117.0

118.0

119.0

120.0

121.0

122.0

123.0

124.0

125.0

126.0

127.0

128.0

129.0

130.0

131.0

132.0

133.0

134.0

P

- - - -

60.3

61.3

62.3

63.3

64.3

65.3

66.3

67.3

68.3

69.3

70.3

71.3

72.3

73.3

74.3

75.3

76.3

77.3

78.3

79.3

80.3

81.3

82.3

83.3

84.3

85.3

86.3

87.3

88.3

89.3

90.3

91.3

92.3

93.3

94.3

95.3

96.3

97.3

98.3

99.3

100.3

101.3

102.3

103.3

104.3

105.3

106.3

107.3

108.3

109.3

110.3

111.3

112.3

113.3

114.3

115.3

116.3

117.3

118.3

119.3

TEMP.

(°F)

- - - -

307.60

308.50

309.40

310.29

311.16

312.03

312.89

313.74

314.59

315.42

316.25

317.07

317.88

318.68

319.48

320.27

321.06

321.83

322.60

323.36

324.12

324.87

325.61

326.35

327.08

327.81

328.53

329.25

329.96

330.66

331.36

332.05

332.74

333.42

334.10

334.77

335.44

336.11

336.77

337.42

338.07

338.72

339.36

339.99

340.62

341.25

341.88

342.50

343.11

343.72

344.33

344.94

345.54

346.13

346.73

347.32

347.90

348.48

349.06

349.64

HEAT OF

THE LIQUID

(BTU/LB)

- - - -

277.43

278.37

279.30

280.21

281.12

282.02

282.91

283.79

284.66

285.53

286.39

287.24

288.08

288.91

289.74

290.56

291.38

292.18

292.98

293.78

294.56

295.34

296.12

296.89

297.65

298.40

299.15

299.90

300.64

301.37

302.10

302.82

303.54

304.26

304.97

305.66

306.37

307.06

307.75

308.43

309.11

309.79

310.46

311.12

311.78

312.44

313.10

313.75

314.40

315.04

315.68

316.31

316.94

317.57

318.19

318.81

319.43

320.04

320.65

321.25

LATENT HEAT

OF

EVAPORATION

(BTU/LB)

- - - -

904.5

903.7

903.1

902.4

901.7

901.1

900.4

899.7

899.1

898.5

897.8

897.2

896.5

895.9

895.3

894.7

894.1

893.5

892.9

892.3

891.7

891.1

890.5

889.9

889.4

888.8

888.2

887.6

887.1

886.5

886.0

885.4

884.9

884.3

883.7

883.2

882.6

882.1

881.6

881.1

880.6

880.0

879.5

879.0

878.4

877.9

877.4

876.9

876.4

875.9

875.4

874.9

874.4

873.9

873.4

872.9

872.5

872.0

871.5

871.0

TOTAL HEAT

OF STEAM H

(BTU/LB)

- - - -

1181.9

1182.1

1182.4

1182.6

1182.8

1183.1

1183.3

1183.5

1183.8

1184.0

1184.2

1184.4

1184.6

1184.8

1185.1

1185.3

1185.5

1185.7

1185.9

1186.1

1186.2

1186.4

1186.6

1186.8

1187.0

1187.2

1187.4

1187.5

1187.7

1187.9

1188.1

1188.2

1188.4

1188.6

1188.7

1188.9

1189.0

1189.2

1189.4

1189.5

1189.7

1189.8

1190.0

1190.1

1190.2

1190.4

1190.5

1190.7

1190.8

1190.9

1191.1

1191.2

1191.3

1191.5

1191.6

1191.7

1191.9

1192.0

1192.1

1192.2

SPECIFIC

VOLUME

g

∇

(FT3/LB)

- - - -

5.816

5.743

5.673

5.604

5.537

5.472

5.408

5.346

5.285

5.226

5.168

5.111

5.055

5.001

4.948

4.896

4.845

4.796

4.747

4.699

4.652

4.606

4.561

4.517

4.474

4.432

4.391

4.350

4.310

4.271

4.232

4.194

4.157

4.120

4.084

4.049

4.015

3.981

3.947

3.914

3.882

3.850

3.819

3.788

3.758

3.728

3.699

3.670

3.642

3.614

3.587

3.560

3.533

3.507

3.481

3.455

3.430

3.405

3.381

3.357

- continued -

684

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Properties of Saturated Steam (continued)

PRESSURE (PSI)

AbsoluteP’Gauge

135.0

136.0

137.0

138.0

139.0

140.0

141.0

142.0

143.0

144.0

145.0

146.0

147.0

148.0

149.0

150.0

152.0

154.0

156.0

158.0

160.0

162.0

164.0

166.0

168.0

170.0

172.0

174.0

176.0

178.0

180.0

182.0

184.0

186.0

188.0

190.0

192.0

194.0

196.0

198.0

200.0

205.0

210.0

215.0

220.0

225.0

230.0

235.0

240.0

245.0

250.0

255.0

260.0

265.0

270.0

275.0

280.0

285.0

290.0

295.0

300.0

320.0

340.0

360.0

380.0

P

120.3

121.3

122.3

123.3

124.3

125.3

126.3

127.3

128.3

129.3

130.3

131.3

132.3

133.3

134.3

135.3

137.3

139.3

141.3

143.3

145.3

147.3

149.3

151.3

153.3

155.3

157.3

159.3

161.3

163.3

165.3

167.3

169.3

171.3

173.3

175.3

177.3

179.3

181.3

183.3

185.3

190.3

195.3

200.3

205.3

210.3

215.3

220.3

225.3

230.3

235.3

240.3

245.3

250.3

255.3

260.3

265.3

270.3

275.3

280.3

285.3

305.3

325.3

345.3

365.3

TEMP.

(°F)

350.21

350.78

351.35

351.91

352.47

353.02

353.57

354.12

354.67

355.21

355.76

356.29

356.83

357.36

357.89

358.42

359.46

360.49

361.52

362.53

363.53

364.53

365.51

366.48

367.45

368.41

369.35

370.29

371.22

372.14

373.06

373.96

374.86

375.75

376.64

377.51

378.38

379.24

380.10

380.95

381.79

383.86

385.90

387.89

389.86

391.79

393.68

395.54

397.37

399.18

400.95

402.70

404.42

406.11

407.78

409.43

411.05

412.65

414.23

415.79

417.33

423.29

428.97

434.40

439.60

HEAT OF

THE LIQUID

(BTU/LB)

321.85

322.45

323.05

323.64

324.23

324.82

325.40

325.98

326.56

327.13

327.70

328.27

328.83

329.39

329.95

330.51

331.61

332.70

333.79

334.86

335.93

336.98

338.02

339.05

340.07

341.09

342.10

343.10

344.09

345.06

346.03

347.00

347.96

348.92

349.86

350.79

351.72

352.64

353.55

354.46

355.36

357.58

359.77

361.91

364.02

366.09

368.13

370.14

372.12

374.08

376.00

377.89

379.76

381.60

383.42

385.21

386.98

388.73

390.46

392.16

393.84

400.39

406.66

412.67

418.45

LATENT HEAT

OF

EVAPORATION

(BTU/LB)

870.6

870.1

869.6

869.1

868.7

868.2

867.7

867.2

866.7

866.3

865.8

865.3

864.9

864.5

864.0

863.6

862.7

851.8

860.9

860.0

859.2

858.3

857.5

856.6

855.7

854.9

854.1

853.3

852.4

851.6

850.8

850.0

849.2

848.4

847.6

846.8

846.1

845.3

844.5

843.7

843.0

841.0

839.2

837.4

835.6

833.8

832.0

830.3

828.5

826.8

825.1

823.4

821.8

820.1

818.5

816.9

815.3

813.7

812.1

810.5

809.0

803.0

797.1

797.4

785.8

TOTAL HEAT

OF STEAM H

(BTU/LB)

1192.4

1192.5

1192.6

1192.7

1192.9

1193.0

1193.1

1193.2

1193.3

1193.4

1193.5

1193.6

1193.8

1193.9

1194.0

1194.1

1194.3

1194.5

1194.7

1194.9

1195.1

1195.3

1195.5

1195.7

1195.8

1196.0

1196.2

1196.4

1196.5

1196.7

1196.9

1197.0

1197.2

1197.3

1197.5

1197.6

1197.8

1197.9

1198.1

1198.2

1198.4

1198.7

1199.0

1199.3

1199.6

1199.9

1200.1

1200.4

1200.6

1200.9

1201.1

1201.3

1201.5

1201.7

1201.9

1202.1

1202.3

1202.4

1202.6

1202.7

1202.8

1203.4

1203.7

1204.1

1204.3

SPECIFIC

g

VOLUME

(FT3/LB)

3.333

3.310

3.287

3.264

3.242

3.220

3.198

3.177

3.155

3.134

3.114

3.094

3.074

3.054

3.034

3.015

2.977

2.940

2.904

2.869

2.834

2.801

2.768

2.736

2.705

2.675

2.645

2.616

2.587

2.559

2.532

2.505

2.479

2.454

2.429

2.404

2.380

2.356

2.333

2.310

2.288

2.234

2.183

2.134

2.087

2.0422

1.9992

1.9579

1.9183

1.8803

1.8438

1.8086

1.7748

1.7422

1.7107

1.6804

1.6511

1.6228

1.5954

1.5689

1.5433

1.4485

1.3645

1.2895

1.2222

∇

PRESSURE (PSI)

AbsoluteP’Gauge

400.0

420.0

440.0

460.0

480.0

500.0

520.0

540.0

560.0

580.0

600.0

620.0

640.0

660.0

680.0

700.0

720.0

740.0

760.0

780.0

800.0

820.0

840.0

860.0

880.0

900.0

920.0

940.0

960.0

980.0

1000.0

1050.0

1100.0

1150.0

1200.0

1250.0

1300.0

1350.0

1400.0

1450.0

1500.0

1600.0

1700.0

1800.0

1900.0

2000.0

2100.0

2200.0

2300.0

2400.0

2500.0

2600.0

2700.0

2800.0

2900.0

3000.0

3100.0

3200.0

3206.2

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

P

385.3

405.3

425.3

445.3

465.3

485.3

505.3

525.3

545.3

565.3

585.3

605.3

625.3

645.3

665.3

685.3

705.3

725.3

745.3

765.3

785.3

805.3

825.3

845.3

865.3

885.3

905.3

925.3

945.3

965.3

985.3

1035.3

1085.3

1135.3

1185.3

1235.3

1285.3

1335.3

1385.3

1435.3

1485.3

1585.3

1685.3

1785.3

1885.3

1985.3

2085.3

2185.3

2285.3

2385.3

2485.3

2585.3

2685.3

2785.3

2885.3

2985.3

3085.3

3185.3

3191.5

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

TEMP.

(°F)

444.59

449.39

454.02

458.50

462.82

467.01

471.07

475.01

478.85

482.58

486.21

489.75

493.21

496.58

499.88

503.10

506.25

509.34

512.36

505.33

518.23

521.08

523.88

526.63

529.33

531.98

534.59

537.16

539.68

542.17

544.61

550.57

556.31

561.86

567.22

572.42

577.46

582.35

587.10

591.73

596.23

604.90

613.15

621.03

628.58

635.82

642.77

649.46

655.91

662.12

668.13

673.94

679.55

684.99

690.26

695.36

700.31

705.11

705.40

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

HEAT OF

THE LIQUID

(BTU/LB)

424.0

429.4

434.6

439.7

444.6

449.4

454.1

458.6

463.0

467.4

471.6

475.7

479.8

483.8

487.7

491.5

495.3

499.0

502.6

506.2

509.7

513.2

516.6

520.0

523.3

526.6

529.8

533.0

536.2

539.3

542.4

550.0

557.4

565.6

571.7

578.6

585.4

592.1

598.7

605.2

611.6

624.1

636.3

648.3

660.1

671.7

683.3

694.8

706.5

718.4

730.6

743.0

756.2

770.1

785.4

802.5

825.0

872.4

902.7

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

LATENT HEAT

OF

EVAPORATION

(BTU/LB)

780.5

775.2

770.0

764.9

759.9

755.0

750.1

745.4

740.8

736.1

731.6

727.2

722.7

718.3

714.0

709.7

705.4

701.2

697.1

692.9

688.9

684.8

680.8

676.8

672.8

668.8

664.9

661.0

657.1

653.3

649.4

639.9

630.4

621.0

611.7

602.4

593.2

584.0

574.7

565.5

556.3

538.0

519.6

501.1

482.4

463.4

444.1

424.4

403.9

382.7

360.5

337.2

312.1

284.7

253.6

217.8

168.1

62.0

0.0

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

TOTAL HEAT

OF STEAM H

(BTU/LB.)

1204.5

1204.6

1204.6

1204.6

1204.5

1204.4

1204.2

1204.0

1203.8

1203.5

1203.2

1202.9

1202.5

1202.1

1201.7

1201.2

1200.7

1200.2

1199.7

1199.1

1198.6

1198.0

1197.4

1196.8

1196.1

1195.4

1194.7

1194.0

1193.3

1192.6

1191.8

1189.9

1187.8

1185.6

1183.4

1181.0

1178.6

1176.1

1173.4

1170.7

1167.9

1162.1

1155.9

1149.4

1142.4

1135.1

1127.4

1119.2

1110.4

1101.1

1091.1

1080.2

1068.3

1054.8

1039.0

1020.3

993.1

934.4

902.7

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

SPECIFIC

VOLUME

g

∇

(CU. FT./LB.)

1.1613

1.1061

1.0556

1.0094

0.9670

0.9278

0.7815

0.8578

0.8265

0.7973

0.7698

0.7440

0.7198

0.6971

0.6757

0.6554

0.6362

0.6180

0.6007

0.5843

0.5687

0.5538

0.5396

0.5260

0.5130

0.5006

0.4886

0.4772

0.4663

0.4557

0.4456

0.4218

0.4001

0.3802

0.619

0.3450

0.3293

0.3148

0.3012

0.2884

0.2765

0.2548

0.2354

0.2179

0.2021

0.1878

0.1746

0.1625

0.1513

0.1407

0.1307

0.1213

0.1123

0.1035

0.0947

0.0858

0.0753

0.0580

0.0503

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

685

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Properties of Saturated Steam (Metric)

TEMPERATURE, °K PRESSURE, BAR

150 6.30 to 11 1.073 to 3 9.55 + 9 - 539.6 2273 - 2.187 16.54

160
170
180
190
200

210
220
230
240
250

255
260
265
270

273.15

273.15
275
280
285
290

295
300
305
310
315

320
325
330
335
340

345
350
355
360
365

370

373.15
375
380
385

390
400
410
420
430

440
450
460
470
480

490
500
510
520
530

540
550
560
570
580

590
600
610
620
625

630
635
640
645

647.31

7.72 to 10

7.29 to 9

5.38 to 8

3.23 to 7

1.62 to 6

7.01 to 6

2.65 to 5

8.91 to 5

3.72 to 4

7.59 to 4

1.23 to 3

1.96 to 3

3.06 to 3

4.69 to 3

6.11 to 3

0.00611

0.00697

0.00990

0.01387

0.01917

0.02617

0.03531

0.04712

0.06221

0.08132

0.01053

0.01351

0.01719

0.02167

0.02713

0.3372

0.4163

0.5100

0.6209

0.7514

0.9040

1.0133

1.0815

1.2869

1.5233

1.794

2.455

3.302

4.370

5.699

7.333

9.319

11.71

14.55

17.90

21.83

26.40

31.66

37.70

44.58

52.38

61.19

71.08

82.16

94.51

108.3

123.5

137.3

159.1

169.1

179.1

190.9

202.7

215.2

221.2

VOLUME, m3/kg ENTHALPY, kJ/kg ENTROPY, kJ/(kg x °K)

Condensed Vapor Condensed Vapor Condensed Vapor

1.074 to 3

1.076 to 3

1.077 to 3

1.078 to 3

1.079 to 3

1.081 to 3

1.082 to 3

1.084 to 3

1.085 to 3

1.087 to 3

1.087 to 3

1.088 to 3

1.089 to 3

1.090 to 3

1.091 to 3

1.000 to 3

1.000 to 3

1.000 to 3

1.000 to 3

1.001 to 3

1.002 to 3

1.003 to 3

1.005 to 3

1.007 to 3

1.009 to 3

1.011 to 3

1.013 to 3

1.016 to 3

1.018 to 3

1.021 to 3

1.024 to 3

1.027 to 3

1.030 to 3

1.034 to 3

1.038 to 3

1.041 to 3

1.044 to 3

1.045 to 3

1.049 to 3

1.053 to 3

1.058 to 3

1.067 to 3

1.077 to 3

1.088 to 3

1.099 to 3

1.110 to 3

1.123 to 3

1.137 to 3

1.152 to 3

1.167 to 3

1.184 to 3

1.203 to 3

1.222 to 3

1.244 to 3

1.268 to 3

1.294 to 3

1.323 to 3

1.355 to 3

1.392 to 3

1.433 to 3

1.482 to 3

1.541 to 3

1.612 to 3

1.705 to 3

1.778 to 3

1.856 to 3

1.935 to 3

2.075 to 3

2.351 to 3

3.170 to 3

9.62 + 8

1.08 + 8

1.55 + 7

2.72 + 6

5.69 + 5

1.39 + 5

3.83 + 4

1.18 + 4

4.07 + 3

1.52 + 3

956.4

612.2

400.4

265.4

206.3

206.3

181.7

130.4

99.4

69.7

51.94

39.13

27.90

22.93

17.82

13.98

11.06

8.82

7.09

5.74

4.683

3.846

3.180

2.645

2.212

1.861

1.679

1.574

1.337

1.142

0.980

0.731

0.553

0.425

0.331

0.261

0.208

0.167

0.136

0.111

0.0922

0.0776

0.0631

0.0525

0.0445

0.0375

0.0317

0.0269

0.0228

0.0193

0.0163

0.0137

0.0115

0.0094

0.0085

0.0075

0.0066

0.0057

0.0045

0.0032

- 525.7

- 511.7

- 497.8

- 483.8

- 467.5

- 451.2

- 435.0

- 416.3

- 400.1

- 318.5

- 369.8

- 360.5

- 351.2

- 339.6

- 333.5

0.00

7.80

28.8

49.8

70.7

91.6

112.5

133.4

154.3

175.2

196.1

217.0

237.9

258.8

279.8

300.7

321.7

342.7

363.7

384.7

405.8

419.1

426.8

448.0

469.2

490.4

532.9

575.6

618.6

661.8

705.3

749.2

793.5

838.2

883.4

929.1

975.6
1023
1071
1119

1170
1220
1273
1328
1384

1443
1506
1573
1647
1697

1734
1783
1841
1931
2107

2291
2310
2328
2347
2366

2384
2403
2421
2440
2459

2468
2477
2486
2496
2502

2502
2505
2514
2523
2532

2541
2550
2559
2568
2577

2586
2595
2604
2613
2622

2630
2639
2647
2655
2663

2671
2676
2679
2687
2694

2702
2716
2729
2742
2753

2764
2773
2782
2789
2795

2799
2801
2802
2801
2798

2792
2784
2772
2757
2737

2717
2682
2641
2588
2555

2515
2466
2401
2292
2107

- 2.106

- 2.026

- 1.947

- 1.868

- 1.789

- 1.711

- 1.633

- 1.555

- 1.478

- 1.400

- 1.361

- 1.323

- 1.281

- 1.296

- 1.221

0.000

0.028

0.104

0.178

0.251

0.323

0.393

0.462

0.530

0.597

0.649

0.727

0.791

0.854

0.916

0.977

1.038

1.097

1.156

1.214

1.271

1.307

1.328

1.384

1.439

1.494

1.605

1.708

1.810

1.911

2.011

2.109

2.205

2.301

2.395

2.479

2.581

2.673

2.765

2.856

2.948

3.039

3.132

3.225

3.321

3.419

3.520

3.627

3.741

3.805

3.875

3.950

4.037

4.223

4.443

15.49

14.57

13.76

16.03

12.38

11.79

11.20

10.79

10.35

9.954

9.768

9.590

9.461

9.255

9.158

9.158

9.109

8.890

8.857

8.740

8.627

8.520

8.417

8.318

8.224

8.151

8.046

7.962

7.881

7.804

7.729

7.657

7.588

7.521

7.456

7.394

7.356

7.333

7.275

7.210

7.163

7.058

6.959

6.865

6.775

6.689

6.607

6.528

6.451

6.377

6.312

6.233

6.163

6.093

6.023

5.953

5.882

5.808

5.733

5.654

5.569

5.480

5.318

5.259

5.191

5.115

5.025

4.912

4.732

4.443

686

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Properties of Superheated Steam

PRESSURE (PSI)

Absolute P’Gauge

14.696 0.0 212.00

20.0 5.3 227.96

30.0 15.3 250.33

40.0 25.3 267.25

50.0 35.3 281.01

60.0 45.3 292.71

70.0 55.3 302.92

80.0 65.3 312.03

90.0 75.3 320.27

100.0 85.3 327.81

120.0 105.3 341.25

140.0 125.3 353.02

160.0 145.3 363.53

180.0 165.3 373.06

200.0 185.3 381.79

220.0 205.3 389.86

240.0 225.3 397.37

260.0 245.3

280.0 265.3 411.05

300.0 285.3 417.33

320.0 305.3 423.29

340.0 325.3 428.97

360.0 345.3 343.40

∇ = specic volume, cubic feet per pound
hg = total heat of steam, BTU per pound

SAT.

TEMP.

(°F)

P

∇

hg

1221.1

∇

hg

1220.3

∇

16.072

hg

1218.6

∇

12.001

h

1216.9

g

∇

hg

1215.2

∇

hg

1213.4

∇

hg

1211.5

∇

hg

1209.7

∇

hg

1207.7

∇

hg

1205.7

∇

hg

1201.6

∇

hg

1197.3

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

404.42
hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

360° 400° 440° 480° 500° 600° 700° 800° 900° 1000° 1200°

33.03

24.21

9.557

7.927

6.762

5.888

5.208

4.663

3.844

3.258

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

34.68

1239.9

25.43

1239.2

16.897

1237.9

12.628

1236.5

10.065

1235.1

8.357

1233.6

7.136

1232.1

6.220

1230.7

5.508

1229.1

4.937

1227.6

4.081

1224.4

3.468

1221.1

3.008

1217.6

2.649

1214.0

2.361

1210.3

2.125

1206.5

1.9276

1202.5

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

36.32

1258.8

26.65

1258.2

17.714

1257.0

13.247

1255.9

10.567

1254.7

8.779

1253.5

7.502

1252.3

6.544

1251.1

5.799

1249.8

5.202

1248.6

4.307

1246.0

3.667

1243.3

3.187

1240.6

2.813

1237.8

2.513

1234.9

2.267

1231.9

2.062

1228.8

1.8882

1225.7

1.7388

1222.4

1.6090

1219.1

1.4950

1215.6

1.3941

1212.1

1.3041

1208.4

37.96

1277.6

27.86

1277.1

18.528

1276.2

13.962

1275.2

11.062

1274.2

9.196

1273.2

7.863

1272.2

6.862

1271.1

6.084

1270.1

5.462

1269.0

4.527

1266.9

3.860

1264.7

3.359

1262.4

2.969

1260.2

2.656

1257.8

2.400

1255.4

2.187

1253.0

2.006

1250.5

1.8512

1247.9

1.7165

1245.3

1.5985

1242.6

1.4941

1239.9

1.4012

1237.1

TOTAL TEMPERATURE — °F

38.78

1287.1

28.46

1286.6

18.933

1285.7

14.168

1284.8

11.309

1283.9

9.403

1283.0

8.041

1282.0

7.020

1281.1

6.225

1280.1

5.589

1279.1

4.636

1277.2

3.954

1275.2

3.443

1273.1

3.044

1271.0

2.726

1268.9

2.465

1266.7

2.247

1264.5

2.063

1262.3

1.9047

1260.0

1.7675

1257.6

1.6472

1255.2

1.5410

1252.8

1.4464

1250.3

42.86

1334.8

31.47

1334.4

20.95

1333.8

15.688

1333.1

12.532

1332.5

10.427

1331.8

8.924

1331.1

7.797

1330.5

6.920

1329.8

6.218

1329.1

5.165

1327.7

4.413

1326.4

3.849

1325.0

3.411

1323.5

3.060

1322.1

2.772

1320.7

2.533

1319.2

2.330

1317.7

2.156

1316.2

2.005

1314.7

1.8734

1313.2

1.7569

1311.6

1.6533

1310.1

46.94

1383.2

34.47

1382.9

22.96

1382.4

17.198

1381.9

13.744

1381.4

11.441

1380.9

9.796

1380.4

8.562

1379.9

7.603

1379.4

6.835

1378.9

5.683

1377.8

4.861

1376.8

4.244

1375.7

3.964

1374.7

3.380

1373.6

3.066

1372.6

2.804

1371.5

2.582

1370.4

2.392

1369.4

2.227

1368.3

2.083

1367.2

1.9562

1366.1

1.8431

1365.0

51.00

1432.3

37.46

1432.1

24.96

1431.17

18.702

1431.3

14.950

1430.9

12.449

1430.5

10.662

1430.1

9.322

1429.7

8.279

1429.3

7.446

1428.9

6.195

1428.1

5.301

1427.2

4.631

1426.4

4.110

1425.6

3.693

1424.8

3.352

1424.0

3.068

1432.2

2.827

1422.3

2.621

1421.5

2.442

1420.6

2.285

1419.8

2.147

1419.0

2.025

1418.1

55.07

1482.3

40.45

1482.1

26.95

1481.8

20.20

1481.4

16.152

1481.1

13.452

1480.8

11.524

1480.5

10.077

1480.1

8.952

1479.8

8.052

1479.5

6.702

1478.8

5.738

1478.2

5.015

1477.5

4.452

1476.8

4.002

1476.2

3.634

1475.5

3.327

1474.8

3.067

1474.2

2.845

1473.5

2.652

1472.8

2.483

1472.1

2.334

1471.5

2.202

1470.8

59.13

1533.1

43.44

1533.0

28.95

1532.7

21.70

1532.4

17.352

1532.1

14.454

1531.9

12.383

1531.6

10.830

1531.3

9.623

1531.0

8.656

1530.8

7.207

1530.2

6.172

1529.7

5.396

1529.1

4.792

1528.6

4.309

1528.0

3.913

1527.5

3.584

1526.9

3.305

1526.3

3.066

1525.8

2.859

1525.2

2.678

1524.7

2.518

1524.1

2.376

1523.5

67.25

1637.5

49.41

1637.4

32.93

1637.2

24.69

1637.0

19.747

1636.8

16.451

1636.6

14.097

1636.3

12.332

1636.2

10.959

1635.9

9.860

1635.7

8.212

1635.3

7.035

1634.9

6.152

1634.5

5.466

1634.1

4.917

1633.7

4.467

1633.3

4.093

1632.9

3.776

1632.5

3.504

1632.1

3.269

1631.7

3.063

1631.3

2.881

1630.9

2.719

1630.5

- continued -

687

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Properties of Superheated Steam (continued)

PRESSURE

(PSI)

Absolute P’Gauge

380.0 365.3 439.60

400.0 385.3 444.59

420.0 405.3 449.39

440.0 425.3 454.02

460.0 445.3 458.5

480.0 465.3 462.82

500.0 485.3 467.01

520.0 505.3 471.07

540.0 525.3 475.01

560.0 545.3 478.85

580.0 565.3 482.58

600.0 585.3 486.21

620.0 605.0 489.75

640.0 625.3 493.21

660.0 645.3 496.58

680.0 665.3 499.88

700.0 685.3 503.10

750. 735.3 510.86

800.0 785.3 518.23

850.0 835.3 525.26

90.0 885.3 531.98

950.0 935.3 538.42

1000.0 985.3 544.61

∇ = specic volume, cubic feet per pound

hg = total heat of steam, BTU per pound

SAT.

TEMP.

°F

P

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

500° 540° 600° 640° 660° 700° 740° 800° 900° 1000° 1200°

1.3616

1247.7

1.2851

1245.1

1.2158

1242.5

1.1526

1239.8

1.0948

1237.0

1.0417

1234.2

0.9927

1231.3

0.9473

1228.3

0.9052

1225.3

0.8659

1222.2

0.8291

1219.0

0.7947

1215.7

0.7624

1212.4

0.7319

1209.0

0.7032

1205.4

0.6759

1201.8

- - -

- - -

- - -

- - -

- - -

- - -

- - -

- - -

- - -

- - -

- - -

- - -

- - -

- - -

1.4444

1273.1

1.3652

1271.0

1.2935

1268.9

1.2282

1266.7

1.1685

1264.5

1.1138

1262.3

1.0633

1260.0

1.0166

1257.7

0.9733

1255.4

0.9330

1253.0

0.8954

1250.5

0.8602

1248.1

0.8272

1245.5

0.7963

1243.0

0.7670

1240.4

0.7395

1237.7

0.7134

1235.0

0.6540

1227.9

0.6015

1220.5

0.5546

1212.7

0.5124

1204.4

0.4740

1195.5

- - -

- -

1.5605

1308.5

1.4770

1306.9

1.4014

1305.3

1.3327

1303.6

1.2698

1302.0

1.2122

1300.3

1.1591

1298.6

1.1101

1296.9

1.0646

1295.2

1.0224

1293.4

0.9830

1291.7

0.9463

1289.9

0.9118

1288.1

0.8795

1296.2

0.8491

1284.4

0.8205

1282.5

0.7934

1280.6

0.7319

1275.7

0.6779

1270.7

0.6301

1265.5

0.5873

1260.1

0.5489

1254.6

0.5140

1248.8

1.6345

1331.0

1.5480

1329.6

1.4697

1328.3

1.3984

1326.9

1.3334

1325.4

1.2737

1324.0

1.2188

1322.6

1.1681

1321.1

1.1211

1319.7

1.0775

1318.2

1.0368

1316.7

0.9988

1315.2

0.9633

1313.7

0.9299

1312.2

0.8985

1310.6

0.8690

1309.1

0.8411

1307.5

0.7778

1303.5

0.7223

1299.4

0.6732

1295.2

0.6294

1290.9

0.5901

1286.4

0.5546

1281.9

TOTAL TEMPERATURE — °F

1.6707

1342.0

1.5827

1340.8

1.5030

1339.5

1.4306

1338.2

1.3644

1336.9

1.3038

1335.6

1.2478

1334.2

1.1962

1332.9

1.1485

1331.5

1.1041

1330.2

1.0627

1328.8

1.0241

1327.4

0.9880

1326.0

0.9541

1324.6

0.9222

1323.2

0.8922

1321.7

0.8639

1320.3

0.7996

1316.6

0.7433

1312.9

0.6934

1309.0

0.6491

1305.1

0.6092

1301.1

0.5733

1297.0

1.7419

1363.8

1.6508

1362.7

1.5684

1361.6

1.4934

1360.4

1.4250

1359.3

1.3622

1358.2

1.3044

1357.0

1.2511

1355.8

1.2017

1354.6

1.1558

1353.5

1.1331

1352.3

1.0732

1351.1

1.0358

1349.9

1.0008

1348.6

0.9679

1347.4

0.9369

1346.2

0.9077

1345.0

0.8414

1341.8

0.7833

1338.6

0.7320

1335.4

0.6863

1332.1

0.6453

1328.7

0.6084

1325.3

1.8118

1385.3

1.7177

1384.3

1.6324

1383.3

1.5549

1382.3

1.4842

1381.3

1.4193

1380.3

1.3596

1379.3

1.3045

1378.2

1.2535

1377.2

1.2060

1376.1

1.1619

1375.1

1.1207

1374.0

1.0821

1373.0

1.0459

1371.9

1.0119

1370.8

0.9800

1369.8

0.9498

1368.7

0.8813

1366.0

0.8215

1363.2

0.7685

1360.4

0.7215

1357.5

0.6793

1354.7

0.6413

1351.7

1.9149

1417.3

1.8161

1416.4

1.7267

1415.5

1.6454

1414.7

1.5711

1413.8

1.5031

1412.9

1.4405

1412.1

1.3826

1411.2

1.3291

1410.3

1.2794

1409.4

1.2331

1408.6

1.1899

1407.7

1.1494

1406.8

1.1115

1405.9

1.0759

1405.0

1.0424

1404.1

1.0108

1403.2

0.9391

1400.9

0.8763

1398.6

0.8209

1396.3

0.7716

1393.9

0.7275

1391.6

0.6878

1389.2

2.083

1470.1

1.9767

1469.4

1.8802

1468.7

1.7925

1468.1

1.7124

1467.4

1.6390

1466.7

1.5715

1466.0

1.5091

1465.3

1.4514

1464.6

1.3978

1463.9

1.3479

1463.2

1.3013

1462.5

1.2577

1461.8

1.2168

1461.1

1.1784

1460.4

1.1423

1459.7

1.1082

1459.0

1.0310

1457.2

0.9633

1455.4

0.9037

1453.6

0.8506

1451.8

0.8031

1450.0

0.7604

1448.2

2.249

1523.0

2.134

1522.4

2.031

1521.9

1.9368

1521.3

1.8508

1520.7

1.7720

1520.2

1.6996

1519.6

1.636

1519.0

1.5707

1518.5

1.5132

1517.9

1.4596

1517.3

1.4096

1516.7

1.3628

1516.2

1.3190

1515.6

1.2778

1515.0

1.2390

1514.5

1.2024

1513.9

1.1196

1512.4

1.0470

1511.0

0.9830

1509.5

0.9262

1508.1

0.8753

1506.6

0.8294

1505.1

2.575

1630.0

2.445

1629.6

2.327

1629.2

2.220

1628.8

2.122

1628.4

2.033

1628.0

1.9504

1627.6

1.8743

1627.2

1.8039

1626.8

1.7385

1626.4

1.6776

1626.0

1.6208

1625.5

1.5676

1625.1

1.5178

1624.7

1.4709

1624.3

1.4269

1623.9

1.3853

1623.5

1.2912

1622.4

1.2088

1621.4

1.1360

1620.4

1.0714

1619.3

1.0136

1618.3

0.9615

1617.3

- continued -

688

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Properties of Superheated Steam (continued)

PRESSURE

(PSI)

Absolute

1200.0 1185.3 567.22

1300.0 1285.3 577.46

1400.0 1385.3 587.10

1500.0 1485.3 596.23

1600.0 1585.3 604.90

1700.0 1685.3 613.15

1800.0 1785.3 621.03

1900.0 1885.3 628.58

2000.0 1985.3 635.82

2100.0 2085.3 642.77

2200.0 2185.3 649.46

2300.0 2285.3 655.91

2400.0 2385.3 662.12

2500.0 2485.3 668.13

2600.0 2585.3 673.94

2700.0 2685.3 679.55

2800.0 2785.3 684.99

2900.0 2885.3 690.26

3000.0 2985.3 695.36

3100.0 3085.3 700.31

3200.0 3185.3 705.11

3206.2 3191.5 705.40

∇ = specic volume, cubic feet per pound

hg = total heat of steam, BTU per pound

Gauge 660° 700° 740° 760° 780° 800° 860° 900° 1000° 1100° 1200°

P’

1100.0 1085.3 556.31

SAT.

TEMP.

°F

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

∇

hg

0.5110

1288.5

0.4586

1279.6

0.4139

1270.2

0.3753

1260.3

0.3413

1249.8

0.3112

1238.7

0.2842

1226.8

0.2597

1214.0

0.2371

1200.2

0.2161

1184.9

0.1962

1167.7

0.1768

1147.8

0.1575

1123.8

- - - -

- - - -

- - -

- - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - -

- - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - -

- - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - -

- - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - -

- - -

0.5445

1318.3

0.4909

1311.0

0.4454

1303.4

0.4062

1295.5

0.3719

1287.2

0.3417

1278.7

0.3148

1269.7

0.2907

1260.3

0.2688

1250.4

0.2489

1240.0

0.2306

1229.0

0.2135

1217.4

0.1978

1204.9

0.1828

1191.5

0.1686

1176.8

0.1549

1160.6

0.1415

1142.5

0.1281

1121.4

0.1143

1095.9

0.0984

1060.7

- - - -

- - - -

- - -

- - -

- - -

- - -

0.5755

1345.8

0.5206

1339.6

0.4739

1333.3

0.4338

1326.7

0.3989

1320.0

0.3682

1313.0

0.3410

1305.8

0.3166

1298.4

0.2947

1290.6

0.2748

1282.6

0.2567

1274.3

0.2400

1265.7

0.2247

1256.7

0.2105

1247.3

0.1973

1207.6

0.1849

1227.3

0.1732

1216.5

0.1622

1205.1

0.1517

1193.0

0.1416

1180.1

0.1320

1166.2

0.1226

1151.1

0.1220

1150.2

0.5904

1358.9

0.5347

1353.2

0.4874

1347.3

0.4468

1341.3

0.4114

1335.2

0.3804

1328.8

0.3529

1322.3

0.3284

1315.5

0.3063

1308.6

0.2863

1301.4

0.2682

1294.0

0.2514

1286.3

0.2362

1278.4

0.2221

1270.2

0.2090

1261.8

0.1967

1252.9

0.1853

1243.8

0.1745

1234.2

0.1644

1224.3

0.1548

1213.8

0.1456

1202.9

0.1369

1191.4

0.1363

1190.6

TOTAL TEMPERATURE — °F (t)

0.6049

1371.7

0.5484

1366.4

0.5004

1361.0

0.4593

1355.4

0.4235

1349.7

0.3921

1343.9

0.3643

1337.9

0.3395

1331.8

0.3171

1325.4

0.2972

1319.0

0.2789

1312.3

0.2621

1305.4

0.2468

1298.4

0.2327

1291.1

0.2196

1283.6

0.2074

1275.8

0.1960

1267.9

0.1854

1259.6

0.1754

1251.1

0.1660

1242.2

0.1571

1233.0

0.1486

1223.5

0.1480

1222.9

0.6191

1384.3

0.5617

1379.3

0.5131

1374.3

0.4714

1369.1

0.4352

1363.8

0.4034

1358.4

0.3753

1352.9

0.3502

1347.2

0.3277

1341.5

0.3074

1335.5

0.2890

1329.5

0.2721

1323.3

0.2567

1316.9

0.2425

1310.3

0.2294

1303.6

0.2172

1296.8

0.2059

1289.7

0.1953

1282.4

0.1853

1274.9

0.1760

1267.2

0.1672

1259.3

0.1589

1251.1

0.1583

1250.5

0.6601

1420.8

0.6003

1416.7

0.5496

1412.5

0.5061

1408.2

0.4684

1403.9

0.4353

1399.5

0.4061

1395.0

0.3801

1390.4

0.3568

1385.8

0.3358

1381.2

0.3167

1376.4

0.2994

1371.5

0.2835

1366.6

0.2689

1361.6

0.2555

1356.5

0.2431

1351.4

0.2315

1346.1

0.2208

1340.8

0.2108

1335.3

0.2014

1329.7

0.1926

1324.1

0.1843

1318.3

0.1838

1317.9

0.6866

1444.5

0.6250

1440.7

0.5728

1437.0

0.5281

1433.1

0.4893

1429.3

0.4553

1425.3

0.4253

1421.4

0.3986

1417.4

0.3747

1413.3

0.3532

1409.2

0.3337

1405.0

0.3159

1400.8

0.2997

1396.5

0.2848

1392.2

0.2710

1387.8

0.2584

1383.4

0.2466

1378.9

0.2356

1374.3

0.2254

1369.7

0.2159

1365.0

0.2070

1360.3

0.1986

1355.5

0.1981

1355.2

0.7503

1502.2

0.6843

1499.2

0.6284

1496.2

0.5805

1493.2

0.5390

1490.1

0.5027

1487.0

0.4706

1484.0

0.4421

1480.8

0.4165

1477.7

0.3935

1474.5

0.3727

1471.4

0.3538

1468.2

0.3365

1464.9

0.3207

1461.7

0.3061

1458.4

0.2926

1455.1

0.2801

1451.8

0.2685

1448.5

0.2577

1445.1

0.2476

1441.8

0.2382

1438.4

0.2293

1434.9

0.2288

1434.7

0.8117

1558.8

0.7412

1556.4

0.6816

1553.9

0.6305

1551.4

0.5862

1548.9

0.5474

1546.4

0.5132

1543.8

0.4828

1541.3

0.4556

1538.8

0.4311

1536.2

0.4089

1533.6

0.3887

1531.1

0.3703

1528.5

0.3534

1525.9

0.3379

1523.2

0.3236

1520.6

0.3103

1518.0

0.2979

1515.4

0.2864

1512.7

0.2757

1510.0

0.2657

1507.4

0.2563

1504.7

0.2557

1504.5

0.8716

1615.2

0.7967

1613.1

0.7333

1611.0

0.6789

1608.9

0.6318

1606.8

0.5906

1604.6

0.5542

1602.5

0.5218

1600.4

0.4929

1598.2

0.4668

1596.1

0.4433

1593.9

0.4218

1591.8

0.4023

1589.6

0.3843

1587.4

0.3678

1585.3

0.3526

1583.1

0.3385

1580.9

0.3254

1578.7

0.3132

1576.5

0.3018

1574.3

0.2911

1572.1

0.2811

1569.9

0.2806

1569.8

689

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Determine Velocity of Steam in Pipes:

Velocity (ft/s) =

Where: A = Nominal pipe section area =
d = Diameter

(25) (A)

(V)

π (d)

4

2

V = Specic volume from steam tables in ft3/lb (m3/kg)
Note: Specic volume changes with steam pressure and

temperature. Make sure to calculate velocities of inlet and outlet

Recommended Steam Pipe Line Velocities

STEAM CONDITION

0 to 15 psig (0 to 1,0 bar),                     

Dry and saturated

15 psig (1,0 bar),                                    

Dry and saturated and up

200 psig (13,8 bar),                                

Superheated and up

VELOCITY, FEET/SECOND

(METERS/SECOND)

piping of the regulator.

Typical Condensation Rates In Insulated Steam Pipes

PRESSURE,

PSIG (bar)

1 (0,069) 0.02 (0,009) 0.03 (0,014) 0.03 (0,014) 0.04 (0,018) 0.05 (0,023) 0.06 (0,027)

5 (0,34) 0.03 (0,014) 0.03 (0,014) 0.04 (0,018) 0.04 (0,018) 0.05 (0,023) 0.06 (0,027)

10 (0,69) 0.03 (0,014) 0.03 (0,014) 0.04 (0,018) 0.04 (0,018) 0.05 (0,023) 0.07 (0,032)

25 (1,7) 0.03 (0,014) 0.04 (0,018) 0.05 (0,023) 0.05 (0,023) 0.06 (0,027) 0.08 (0,036)

50 (3,4) 0.04 (0,018) 0.04 (0,018) 0.05 (0,023) 0.06 (0,027) 0.09 (0,041) 0.11 (0,05)

75 (5,2) 0.04 (0,018) 0.05 (0,023) 0.06 (0,027) 0.07 (0,032) 0.11 (0,05) 0.14 (0,064)

100 (6,9) 0.05 (0,023) 0.05 (0,023) 0.07 (0,032) 0.08 (0,036) 0.12 (0,054) 0.15 (0,068)

125 (8,6) 0.05 (0,023) 0.06 (0,027) 0.07 (0,032) 0.08 (0,036) 0.13 (0,059) 0.16 (0,073)

150 (10,3) 0.06 (0,027) 0.06 (0,027) 0.08 (0,036) 0.09 (0,041) 0.14 (0,064) 0.17 (0,077)

200 (13,8) 0.06 (0,027) 0.07 (0,032) 0.08 (0,036) 0.09 (0,041) 0.15 (0,068) 0.19 (0,086)

3/4 1 1-1/2 2 3 4

RATES IN POUNDS/HOUR (KG/HOUR) PER FOOT OF PIPE WITH 2-INCHES OF INSULATION

Pipe Diameter in Inches

100 (30,5)

175 (53,3)

250 (76,2)

Typical Condensation Rates In Steam Pipes Without Insulation

PRESSURE,

PSIG (bar)

1 (0,069) 0.11 (0,05) 0.15 (0,068) 0.21 (0,095) 0.25 (0,113) 0.38 (0,172) 0.46 (0,209)

5 (0,34) 0.14 (0,064) 0.16 (0,073) 0.22 (0,1) 0.26 (0,118) 0.41 (0,186) 0.50 (0,227)

10 (0,69) 0.15 (0,068) 0.18 (0,082) 0.24 (0,109) 0.29 (0,132) 0.44 (0,2) 0.53 (0,24)

25 (1,7) 0.17 (0,077) 0.22 (0,1) 0.31 (0,141) 0.36 (0,163) 0.53 (0,24) 0.65 (0,295)

50 (3,4) 0.22 (0,1) 0.27 (0,122) 0.39 (0,177) 0.46 (0,209) 0.66 (0,299) 0.83 (0,376)

75 (5,2) 0.26 (0,118) 0.31 (0,141) 0.45 (0,204) 0.54 (0,245) 0.77 (0,349) 1.04 (0,472)

100 (6,9) 0.29 (0,132) 0.35 (0,159) 0.50 (0,227) 0.61 (0,277) 0.86 (0,39) 1.11 (0,503)

125 (8,6) 0.32 (0,145) 0.39 (0,177) 0.55 (0,249) 0.68 (0,308) 0.94 (0,426) 1.23 (0,558)

150 (10,3) 0.35 (0,159) 0.42 (0,191) 0.60 (0,272) 0.74 (0,336) 1.03 (0,467) 1.33 (0,603)

200 (13,8) 0.40 (0,181) 0.49 (0,222) 0.69 (0,313) 0.81 (0,367) 1.19 (0,54) 1.50 (0,68)

3/4 1 1-1/2 2 3 4

RATES IN POUNDS/HOUR (KG/HOUR) PER FOOT OF BARE PIPE AT 72°F (22°C) AMBIENT AIR

Pipe Diameter in Inches

690

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Flow of Water Through Schedule 40 Steel Pipes

DISCHARGE PRESSURE DROP PER 100 FEET AND VELOCITY IN SCHEDULE 40 PIPE FOR WATER AT 60°F

Gallons

Minute

Cubic

Velocity

Pressure

Velocity

Pressure

Velocity

Pressure

Velocity

Pressure

Velocity

Pressure

Velocity

Pressure

Velocity

Pressure

per

Ft. per

Second

0.2 0.000446 1.13 1.86 0.616 0.359

0.3 0.000668 1.69 4.22 0.924 0.903 0.504 0.159 0.317 0.061

0.4 0.000891 2.26 6.98 1.23 1.61 0.672 0.345 0.422 0.086

0.5 0.00111 2.82 10.5 1.54 2.39 0.840 0.539 0.528 0.167 0.301 0.033

0.6 0.00134 3.39 14.7 1.85 3.29 1.01 0.751 0.633 0.240 0.361 0.041

0.8 0.00178 4.52 25.0 2.46 5.44 1.34 1.25 0.844 0.408 0.481 0.102

1 0.00223 5.65 37.2 3.08 8.28 1.68 1.85 1.06 0.600 0.602 0.155 0.371 0.048 1-1/4-Inch

3 0.00668 9.25 64.1 5.04 13.9 3.17 4.33 1.81 1.09 1.114 0.336 0.644 0.090 0.473 0.043

4 0.00891 12.33 111.2 6.72 23.9 4.22 7.42 2.41 1.83 1.49 0.565 0.858 0.150 0.630 0.071

5 0.01114 2-Inch 8.40 36.7 5.28 11.2 3.01 2.75 1.86 0.835 1.073 0.223 0.788 0.104

6 0.01337 0.574 0.044

8 0.01782 0.765 0.073 13.44 91.1 8.45 27.7 4.81 6.60 2.97 1.99 1.72 0.518 1.26 0.241

10 0.02228 0.956 0.108 0.670 0.046

15 0.03342 1.43 0.224 1.01 0.094

20 0.04456 1.91 3.375 1.34 0.158 0.868 0.056 12.03 37.8 7.43 10.9 4.29 2.78 3.16 1.28

25 0.05570 2.39 0.561 1.68 0.234 1.09 0.083 0.812 0.041

30 0.06684 2.87 0.786 2.01 0.327 1.30 0.114 0.974 0.056 11.14 23.8 6.44 5.92 4.73 2.72

35 0.07798 3.35 1.05 2.35 0.436 1.52 0.151 1.14 0.071 0.882 0.041 12.99 32.2 7.51 7.90 5.52 3.64

40 0.08912 3.83 1.35 2.68 0.556 1.74 0.192 1.30 0.095 1.01 0.052 14.85 41.5 8.59 10.24 6.30 4.65

45 0.1003 4.30 1.67 3.02 0.668 1.95 0.239 1.46 0.117 1.13 0.064 9.67 12.80 7.09 5.85

50 0.1114 4.78 2.03 3.35 0.839 2.17 0.288 1.62 0.142 1.26 0.076

60 0.1337 5.74 2.87 4.02 1.18 2.60 0.46 1.95 0.204 1.51 0.107 12.89 22.2 9.47 10.21

70 0.1560 6.70 3.84 4.69 1.59 3.04 0.540 2.27 0.261 1.76 0.143 1.12 0.047

80 0.1782 7.65 4.97 5.36 2.03 3.47 0.687 2.60 0.334 2.02 0.180 1.28 0.060 12.62 17.59

90 0.2005 8.60 6.20 6.03 2.53 3.91 0.861 2.92 0.416 2.27 0.224 1.44 0.074 14.20 22.0

100 0.2228 9.56 7.59 6.70 3.09 4.34 1.05 3.25 0.509 2.52 0.272 1.60 0.090 1.11 0.036 15.778 26.9

125 0.2785 11.97 11.76 8.38 4.71 5.43 1.61 4.06 0.769 3.15 0.415 2.01 0.135 1.39 0.055 19.72 41.4

150 0.3342 14.36 16.70 10.05 6.69 6.51 2.24 4.87 1.08 3.78 0.580 2.41 0.190 1.67 0.077

175 0.3899 16.75 22.3 11.73 8.97 7.60 3.00 5.68 1.44 4.41 0.774 2.81 0.253 1.94 0.102

200 0.4456 19.14 28.8 13.42 11.68 8.68 3.87 6.49 1.85 5.04 0.985 3.21 0.323 2.22 0.130

225 0.5013 - - - - - - - - 15.09 14.63 9.77 4.83 7.30 2.32 5.67 1.23 3.61 0.401 2.50 0.162 1.44 0.043

250 0.557 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10.85 5.93 8.12 2.84 6.30 1.46 4.01 0.495 2.78 0.195 1.60 0.051

275 0.6127 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11.94 7.14 8.93 3.40 6.93 1.79 4.41 0.583 3.05 0.234 1.76 0.061

300 0.6684 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13.00 8.36 9.74 4.02 7.56 2.11 4.81 0.683 3.33 0.275 1.92 0.072

325 0.7241 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14.12 9.89 10.53 4.09 8.19 2.47 5.21 0.797 3.61 0.320 2.08 0.083

350 0.7798 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11.36 5.51 8.82 2.84 5.62 0.919 3.89 0.367 2.24 0.095

375 0.8355 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12.17 6.18 9.45 3.25 6.02 10.5 4.16 0.416 2.40 0.108

400 0.8912 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12.98 7.03 10.08 3.68 6.42 1.19 4.44 0.471 2.56 0.121

425 0.9469 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13.80 7.89 10.71 4.12 6.82 1.33 4.72 0.529 2.73 0.136

450 1.003 10-Inch - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14.61 8.80 11.34 4.60 7.22 1.48 5.00 0.590 2.89 0.151

475 1.059 1.93 0.054 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11.97 5.12 7.62 1.64 5.27 0.653 3.04 0.166

500 1.114 2.03 0.059 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12.60 5.65 8.02 1.81 5.55 0.720 3.21 0.182

550 1.225 2.24 0.071 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13.85 6.79 8.82 2.17 6.11 0.861 3.53 0.219

600 1.337 2.44 0.083 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15.12 8.04 9.63 2.55 6.66 1.02 3.85 0.258

650 1.448 2.64 0.097 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10.43 2.98 7.22 1.18 4.17 0.301

(Ft. per

Second)

Drop

(Ft. per

(PSI)

Second)

1/8-Inch 1/4-Inch

2-1/2-Inch

Drop
(PSI)

(Ft. per

Second)

Drop

(Ft. per

(PSI)

Second)

3/8-Inch 1/2-Inch

10.08 51.9 6.33 15.8 3.61 3.84 2.23 1.17 1.29 0.309 0.943 0.145

3-Inch

Drop

(Ft. per

(PSI)

Second)

10.56 42.4 6.02 9.99 3.71 2.99 2.15 0.774 1.58 0.361

3-1/2-Inch

Drop

(Ft. per

(PSI)

Second)

3/4-Inch

9.03 21.6 5.57 6.36 3.22 1.63 2.37 0.755

4-Inch

Drop

(Ft. per

(PSI)

Second)

1-inch

9.28 16.7 5.37 4.22 3.94 1.93

5-Inch

10.74 15.66 7.88 7.15

6-Inch

Drop
(PSI)

Velocity

(Ft. per

Second)

1-1/2-Inch2 0.00446 11.29 134.4 6.16 30.1 3.36 6.58 2.11 2.10 1.20 0.526 0.743 0.164 0.429 0.044

11.05 13.71

8-Inch

Pressure

Drop
(PSI)

- continued -

691

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Flow of Water Through Schedule 40 Steel Pipes (continued)

DISCHARGE PRESSURE DROP PER 100 FEET AND VELOCITY IN SCHEDULE 40 PIPE FOR WATER AT 60°F

Gallons

Minute

10,000 22.28 - - - - - - - - 28.66 7.46 23.71 4.61 18.15 2.34 14.34 1.28 11.54 0.739 7.98 0.294 - - - - - - - -

12,000 26.74 - - - - - - - - 34.40 10.7 28.45 6.59 21.79 3.33 17.21 1.83 13.85 1.06 9.58 0.416 - - - - - - - -

14,000 31.19 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 33.19 8.89 25.42 4.49 20.08 2.45 16.16 1.43 11.17 0.562 - - - - - - - -

16,000 35.65 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29.05 5.83 22.95 3.18 18.47 1.85 12.77 0.723 - - - - - - - -

18,000 40.10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32.68 7.31 25.82 4.03 20.77 2.32 14.36 0.907 - - - - - - - -

20,000 44.56 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 36.31 9.03 28.69 4.93 23.08 2.86 15.96 1.12 - - - - - - - -

For pipe lengths other than 100 feet, the pressure drop is proportional to the length.  Thus, for 50 feet of pipe, the pressure drop is approximately one half the value given in the table or 300 feet,                 
  three times the given value, etc.
  Velocity is a function of the cross sectional ow area; thus, it is constant for a given ow rate and is independent of pipe length.
  Extracted from Technical Paper No. 410, Flow of Fluids, with permission of Crane Co.

Cubic

Velocity

Pressure

Velocity

Pressure

Velocity

Pressure

Velocity

Pressure

Velocity

Pressure

Velocity

Pressure

Velocity

Pressure

Velocity

per

Ft. per

Second

700 1.560 2.85 0.112 2.01 0.047 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11.23 3.43 7.78 1.35 4.49 0.343

750 1.671 3.05 0.127 2.15 0.054 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12.03 3.92 8.33 1.55 4.81 0.392

800 1.782 3.25 0.143 2.29 0.061 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12.83 4.43 8.88 1.75 5.13 0.443

850 1.894 3.46 0.160 2.44 0.068 2.02 0.042 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13.64 5.00 9.44 1.96 5.45 0.497

900 2.005 3.66 0.179 2.58 0.075 2.13 0.047 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14.44 5.58 9.99 2.18 5.77 0.554

950 2.117 3.86 0.198 2.72 0.083 2.25 0.052 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15.24 6.21 10.55 2.42 6.09 0.613

1000 2.228 4.07 0.218 2.87 0.091 2.37 0.057

1100 2.451 4.48 0.260 3.15 0.110 2.61 0.068 - - - - - - - - 17.65 8.23 12.22 3.22 7.05 0.807

1200 2.674 4.88 0.306 3.44 0.128 2.85 0.800 2.18 0.042 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13.33 3.81 7.70 0.948

1300 2.896 5.29 0.355 3.73 0.150 3.08 0.093 2.36 0.048 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14.43 4.45 8.33 1.11

1400 3.119 5.70 0.409 4.01 0.171 3.32 0.107 2.54 0.055 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15.55 5.13 8.98 1.28

1500 3.342 6.10 0.466 4.30 0.195 3.56 0.122 2.72 0.063

1600 3.565 6.51 0.527 4.59 0.219 3.79 0.138 2.90 0.071 17.77 6.61 10.26 1.65

1800 4.010 7.32 0.663 5.16 0.276 4.27 0.172 3.27 0.088 2.58 0.050 19.99 8.37 11.54 2.08

2000 4.456 8.14 0.808 5.73 0.339 4.74 0.209 3.63 0.107 2.87 0.060 22.21 10.3 12.82 2.55

2500 5.570 10.17 1.24 7.17 0.515 5.93 0.321 4.54 0.163 3.59 0.091 16.03 3.94

3000 6.684 12.20 1.76 8.60 0.731 7.11 0.451 5.45 0.232 4.30 0.129 3.46 0.075

3500 7.798 14.24 2.38 10.03 0.982 8.30 0.607 6.35 0.312 5.02 0.173 4.04 0.101 22.44 7.56

4000 8.912 16.27 3.08 11.47 1.27 9.48 0.787 7.26 0.401 5.74 0.222 4.62 0.129 3.19 0.052 25.65 9.80

4500 10.03 18.31 3.87 12.90 1.60 10.67 0.990 8.17 0.503 6.46 0.280 5.20 0.162 3.59 0.065 28.87 12.2

5000 11.14 20.35 7.71 14.33 1.95 11.85 1.21 9.08 0.617 7.17 0.340 5.77 0.199 3.99 0.079 - - - - - - - -

6000 13.37 24.41 6.74 17.20 2.77 14.23 1.71 10.89 0.877 8.61 0.483 6.93 0.280 4.79 0.111 - - - - - - - -

7000 15.60 28.49 9.11 20.07 3.74 16.60 2.31 12.71 1.18 10.04 0.652 8.08 0.376 5.59 0.150 - - - - - - - -

8000 17.82 - - - - - - - - 22.93 4.84 18.96 2.99 14.52 1.51 11.47 0.839 9.23 0.488 6.38 0.192 - - - - - - - -

9000 20.05 - - - - - - - - 25.79 6.09 21.34 3.76 16.34 1.90 12.91 1.05 10.39 0.608 7.18 0.242 - - - - - - - -

(Ft. per

Second)

Drop

(Ft. per

(PSI)

Second)

10-Inch 12-Inch

Drop
(PSI)

(Ft. per

Second)

14-Inch

Drop
(PSI)

(Ft. per

Second)

16-Inch

Drop

(PSI)

(Ft. per

Second)

Drop

(Ft. per

(PSI)

Second)

- - - - - - - - 16.04 6.84 11.10 2.68 6.41 0.675

18-Inch

Drop

(Ft. per

(PSI)

Second)

5-Inch 6-Inch 8-Inch

20-Inch

Drop
(PSI)

16.66 5.85 9.62 1.46

24-Inch

Pressure

(Ft. per

Second)

19.24 5.59

Drop
(PSI)

692

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Flow of Air Through Schedule 40 Steel Pipes

FREE AIR

Q

Cubic Feet per

Minute at 60°F

and 14.7 psia

100 12.82 0.029 3-Inch 33.2 7.69 2.21 0.534 0.247 0.070

125 16.02 0.044 - - - - 11.9 3.39 0.825 0.380 0.107

150 19.22 0.062 0.021 - - - - 17.0 4.87 1.17 0.537 0.151

175 22.43 0.083 0.028 3-1/2-Inch - - - - 23.1 6.60 1.58 0.727 0.205

200 25.63 0.107 0.036 - - - - 30.0 8.54 2.05 0.937 0.264

225 28.84 0.134 0.045 0.022

250 32.04 0.164 0.055 0.027 - - - - 13.3 3.18 1.45 0.404

275 35.24 0.191 0.066 0.032 - - - - 16.0 3.83 1.75 0.484

300 38.45 0.232 0.078 0.037 - - - - 19.0 4.56 2.07 0.573

325 41.65 0.270 0.090 0.043 - - - - 22.3 5.32 2.42 0.673

350 44.87 0.313 0.104 0.050 - - - - 25.8 6.17 2.80 0.776

375 48.06 0.356 0.119 0.057 0.030 - - - - 29.6 7.05 3.20 0.887

400 51.26 0.402 0.134 0.064 0.034 - - - - 33.6 8.02 3.64 1.00

425 54.47 0.452 0.151 0.072 0.038 - - - - 37.9 9.01 4.09 1.13

450 57.67 0.507 0.168 0.081 0.042 - - - - - - - - 10.2 4.59 1.26

475 60.88 0.562 0.187 0.089 0.047 - - - - 11.3 5.09 1.40

500 64.08 0.623 0.206 0.099 0.052 - - - - 12.5 5.61 1.55

550 70.49 0.749 0.248 0.118 0.062 - - - - 15.1 6.79 1.87

600 76.90 0.887 0.293 0.139 0.073 5-Inch - - - - 18.0 8.04 2.21

650 83.30 1.04 0.342 0.163 0.086 - - - - 21.1 9.43 2.60

700 89.71 1.19 0.395 0.188 0.099 0.032 24.3 10.9 3.00

750 96.12 1.36 0.451 0.214 0.113 0.036 27.9 12.6 3.44

800 102.5 1.55 0.513 0.244 0.127 0.041 31.8 14.2 3.90

850 108.9 1.74 0.576 0.274 0.144 0.046 6-Inch 35.9 16.0 4.40

900 115.3 1.95 0.642 0.305 0.160 0.051 40.2 18.0 4.91

950 121.8 2.18 0.715 0.340 0.178 0.057 0.023 - - - - 20.0 5.47

1,000 128.2 2.40 0.788 0.375 0.197 0.063 0.025 - - - - 22.1 6.06

1,100 141.0 2.89 0.948 0.451 0.236 0.075 0.030 - - - - 26.7 7.29

1,200 153.8 3.44 1.13 0.533 0.279 0.089 0.035 - - - - 31.8 8.63

1,300 166.6 4.01 1.32 0.626 0.327 0.103 0.041 - - - - 37.3 10.1

COMPRESSED

’M

1 0.128 0.361 0.083 0.018

2 0.256 1.31 0.285 0.064 0.020

3 0.384 3.06 0.605 0.133 0.042

4 0.513 4.83 1.04 0.226 0.071

5 0.641 7.45 1.58 0.343 0.106 0.027

6 0.769 10.6 2.23 0.408 0.148 0.037

8 1.025 18.6 3.89 0.848 0.255 0.062 0.019

10 0.282 28.7 5.96 1.26 0.356 0.094 0.029

15 1.922 - - - - 13.0 2.73 0.834 0.201 0.062

20 2.563 - - - - 22.8 4.76 1.43 0.345 0.102 0.026

25 3.204 - - - - 35.6 7.34 2.21 0.526 0.156 0.039 0.019

30 3.845 - - - - - - - - 10.5 3.15 0.748 0.219 0.055 0.026

35 4.486 - - - - - - - - 14.2 4.24 1.00 0.293 0.073 0.035

40 5.126 - - - - - - - - 18.4 5.49 1.30 0.379 0.095 0.044

45 5.767 - - - - - - - - 23.1 6.90 1.62 0.474 0.116 0.055

50 6.408

60 7.690 40.7 12.2 2.85 0.819 0.200 0.094 0.027

70 8.971 - - - - 16.5 3.83 1.10 0.270 0.126 0.036

80 10.25 0.019 - - - - 21.4 4.96 1.43 0.350 0.162 0.046

90 11.53 0.023 - - - - 27.0 6.25 1.80 0.437 0.203 0.058

AIR

Cubic Feet per

Minute at 60°F

and 100 psig

1/8-Inch 1/4-Inch 3/8-Inch 1/2-Inch 3/4-Inch 1-Inch 1-1/4-Inch 1-1/2-Inch 2-Inch

2-1/2-Inch

PRESSURE DROP OF AIR IN POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH

PER 100 FEET OF SCHEDULE 40 PIPE FOR AIR AT 100 POUNDS

PER SQUARE INCH GAUGE PRESSURE AND 60°F TEMPERATURE

28.5 8.49 1.99 0.578 0.149 0.067 0.019

37.9 10.8 2.59 1.19 0.331

4-Inch

- continued -

693

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Flow of Air Through Schedule 40 Steel Pipes (continued)

FREE AIR

Q

Cubic Feet per

Minute at 60°F

and 14.7 psia

1,400  179.4 4.65 1.52 0.718 0.377 0.119 0.047 11.8

1,500 192.2 5.31 1.74 0.824 0.431 0.136 0.054 13.5

1,600 205.1 6.04 1.97 0.932 0.490 0.154 0.061 15.3

1,800 230.7 7.65 2.50 1.18 0.616 0.193 0.075 19.3

2,000 256.3 9.44 3.06 1.45 0.757 0.237 0.094 0.023 23.9

2,500 320.4 14.7 4.76 2.25 1.17 0.366 0.143 0.035 37.3

3,000 384.5 21.1 6.82 3.20 1.67 0.524 0.204 0.051 0.016

3,500 448.6 28.8 9.23 4.33 2.26 0.709 0.276 0.068 0.022

4,000 512.6 37.6 12.1 5.66 2.94 0.919 0.358 0.088 0.028 12-Inch

4,500 576.7 47.6 15.3 7.16 3.69 1.16 0.450 0.111 0.035

5,000 640.8 - - - - 18.8 8.85 4.56 1.42 0.552 0.136 0.043 0.018

6,000 769.0 - - - - 27.1 12.7 6.57 2.03 0.794 0.195 0.061 0.025

7,000 897.1 - - - - 36.9 17.2 8.94 2.76 1.07 0.262 0.082 0.034

8,000 1025 - - - - - - - - 22.5 11.7 3.59 1.39 0.339 0.107 0.044

9,000 1153 - - - - - - - - 28.5 14.9 4.54 1.76 0.427 0.134 0.055

10,000 1282 - - - - - - - - 35.2 18.4 5.60 2.16 0.526 0.164 0.067

11,000 1410 - - - - - - - - - - - - 22.2 6.78 2.62 0.633 0.197 0.081

12,000 1538 - - - - - - - - - - - - 26.4 8.07 3.09 0.753 0.234 0.096

13,000 1666 - - - - - - - - - - - - 31.0 9.47 3.63 0.884 0.273 0.112

14,000 1794 - - - - - - - - - - - - 36.0 11.0 4.21 1.02 0.316 0.129

15,000 1922 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12.6 4.84 1.17 0.364 0.148

16,000 2051 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14.3 5.50 1.33 0.411 0.167

18,000 2307 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18.2 6.96 1.68 0.520 0.213

20,000 2563 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22.4 8.60 2.01 0.642 0.260

22,000 2820 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 27.1 10.4 2.50 0.771 0.314

24,000 3076 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 32.3 12.4 2.97 0.918 0.371

26,000 3332 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 37.9 14.5 3.49 1.12 0.435

28,000 3588 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16.9 4.04 1.25 0.505

30,000 3845 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19.3 4.64 1.42 0.520

  Extracted from Technical Paper No. 410, Flow of Fluids, with permission of Crane Co.

’M

COMPRESSED

AIR

Cubic Feet per

Minute at 60°F

and 100 psig

2-1/2-Inch 3-Inch 3-1/2-Inch 4-Inch 5-Inch 6-Inch 8-Inch 10-Inch 12-Inch

PRESSURE DROP OF AIR IN POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH

PER 100 FEET OF SCHEDULE 40 PIPE FOR AIR AT 100 POUNDS

PER SQUARE INCH GAUGE PRESSURE AND 60°F TEMPERATURE

694

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Average Properties of Propane

Formula C3H

  Boiling Point, °F (°C) -44 (-42)

  Specic Gravity of Gas (Air = 1.00)  1.53

  Pounds per Gallon of Liquid at 60°F (16°C) 4.24

  BTU per Gallon of Gas at 60°F (16°C) 91,547

BTU per Pound of Gas 21,591

  BTU per Cubic Foot of Gas at 60°F (16°) 2516

  Cubic Feet of Vapor at 60°F (16°C) per Gallon of Liquid at 60°F (16°C) 36.39

  Cubic Feet of Vapor at 60°F (16°C) per Pound of Liquid at 60°F (16°) 8.547

  Latent Heat of Vaporization at Boiling Point, BTU per Gallon 785.0

Combustion Data

Cubic Feet of Air Required to Burn 1 Cubic Foot of Gas 23.86

  Flash Point, °F (°C) -156 (-104)

  Ignition Temperature in Air, °F (°C)

  Maximum Flame Temperature in Air, °F (°C)   3595 (1979)

Limits of Inammability, Percentage of Gas in Air Mixture

at Lower Limit 2.4%

at Upper Limit 9.6%

Octane Number (ISO Octane = 100) Over 100

8

920 to 1020

(493 to 549)

Standard Domestic Propane Tank Specications

CAPACITY DIAMETER LENGTH TANK WEIGHT

Gallons (Liters) Inches (mm) Inches (mm) Pounds (kg)

120 (454) 24 (610) 68 (1727) 288 (131)

150 (568) 24 (610) 84 (2134) 352 (160)

200 (757) 30 (762) 79 (2007) 463 (210)

250 (946) 30 (762) 94 (2387) 542 (246)

325 (1230) 30 (762) 119 (3023) 672 (305)

500 (1893) 37 (940) 119 (3023) 1062 (482)

1000 (3785) 41 (1041) 192 (4877) 1983 (900)

Approximate Vaporization Capacities of Propane Tanks

BTU PER HOUR WITH 40% LIQUID IN DOMESTIC TANK SYSTEMS

Tank Size Water Capacity

120 235,008 417,792

150 290,304 516,096

200 341,280 606,720

250 406,080 721,920

325 514,100 937,900

500 634,032 1,127,168

1000 1,088,472 1,978,051

Prevailing Air Temperature

20°F (-7°C) 60°F (16°)

Orice Capacities for Propane

ORIFICE OR

DRILL SIZE

0.008 519 51 36531

0.009 656 50 39842

0.010 812 49 43361

0.011 981 48 46983

0.012 1169 47 50088

80 1480 46 53296

79 1708 45 54641

78 2080 44 60229

77 2629 43 64369

76 3249 42 71095

75 3581 41 74924

74 4119 40 78029

73 4678 39 80513

72 5081 38 83721

71 5495 37 87860

70 6375 36 92207

69 6934 35 98312

68 7813 34 100175

67 8320 33 103797

66 8848 32 109385

65 9955 31 117043

64 10535 30 134119

63 11125 29 150366

62 11735 28 160301

61 12367 27 168580

60 13008 26 175617

59 13660 25 181619

58 14333 24 187828

57 15026 23 192796

56 17572 22 200350

55 21939 21 205525

54 24630 20 210699

53 28769 19 223945

52 32805 18 233466

BTU per cubic foot = 2516

Specic Gravity = 1.52
  Pressure at orice, inches of water column = 11
  Orice Coefcient = 0.9

ORIFICE

CAPACITY BTU

PER HOUR,

11-INCHES W.C.

ORIFICE OR

DRILL SIZE

ORIFICE CAPACITY

BTU PER HOUR,

11-INCHES W.C

695

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Pipe and Tubing Sizing

PROPANE PIPE AND TUBING SIZING BETWEEN SINGLE OR SECOND STAGE LOW PRESSURE REGULATORS AND APPLIANCES

Pipe or
Tubing

Length, Feet

To convert to capacities in cubic feet per hour, divide by 2.5
  Note: Maximum undiluted propane capacities listed are based on 11-inches w.c. setting and a 0.5-inch w.c. pressure drop - Capacities in 1,000 BTU per hour.

3/8 (0.315) 1/2 (0.430) 5.8 (0.545) 3/4 (0.666) 7/8 (0.785) 1/2 (0.622) 3.4 (0.824) 1 (1.049) 1-1/4 (1.380) 1-1/2 (1.610) 2 (2.067)

10 49 110 206 348 536 10 291 608 1146 2353 3525 6789

20 34 76 151 239 368 20 200 418 788 1617 2423 4666

30 27 61 114 192 296 30 161 336 632 1299 1946 3747

40 23 52 97 164 253 40 137 282 541 1111 1665 3207

50 20 46 86 146 224 50 122 557 480 985 1476 2842

60 19 42 78 132 203 60 110 231 435 892 1337 2575

70 17 39 72 121 187 80 94 198 372 764 1144 2204

80 16 36 67 113 174 100 84 175 330 677 1014 1954

90 15 34 63 106 163 125 74 155 292 600 899 1731

100 14 32 59 100 154 150 67 141 265 544 815 1569

150 11 26 48 80

Outside Diameter (Inside Diameter), Type L

Copper Tubing Size,

Pipe or
Tubing

Length, Feet

Outside Diameter (Inside Diameter), Schedule 40

Nominal Pipe Size,

Vapor Pressures of Propane

TEMPERATURE PRESSURE TEMPERATURE PRESSURE TEMPERATURE PRESSURE TEMPERATURE PRESSURE

°F (°C) Psig (Bar) °F (°C) Psig (Bar) °F (°C) Psig (Bar) °F (°C) Psig (Bar)

130 (54) 257 (18) 70 (21) 109 (8) 20 (-7) 40 (2,8) -20 (-29) 10 (0,69)

120 (49) 225 (16) 65 (18) 100 (6,9) 10 (-12) 31 (2) -25 (-32) 8 (0,55)

110 (43) 197 (14) 60 (16) 92 (6) 0 (-17) 23 (2) -30 (-34) 5 (0,34)

100 (38) 172 (12) 50 (10) 77 (5) -5 (-21) 20 (1,4) -35 (-37) 3 (0,21)

90 (32) 149 (10) 40 (4) 63 (4) -10 (-23) 16 (1) -40 (-40) 1 (0,069)

80 (27) 128 (9) 30 (-1) 51 (4) -15 (-26) 13 (1) -44 (-42) 0 (0)

Converting Volumes of Gas

CFH TO CFH OR CFM TO CFM

Multiply Flow of By To Obtain Flow of

0.707 Butane

Air

Butane

Natural Gas

Propane

1.290 Natural Gas

0.808 Propane

1.414 Air

1.826 Natural Gas

1.140 Propane

0.775 Air

0.547 Butane

0.625 Propane

1.237 Air

0.874 Butane

1.598 Natural Gas

COMMON FUELS PER GALLON PER POUND

Propane 91,547 21,591

Butane 102,032 21,221

Gasoline 110,250 20,930

Fuel Oil 134,425 16,960

BTU Comparisons

696

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Capacities of Spuds and Orices

DRILL

DESIGNATION

80
79

1/64”

78
77

76
75
74
73
72

71
70
69
68

1/32”

67
66
65
64
63

62
61
60
59
58

57
56

3/64”

55
54

53

1/16”

52
51
50

49
48

5/64”

47
46

45
44
43
42

3/32”

41
40
39
38
37

DIAMETER,

INCHES

0.0135

0.0145

0.0156

0.0160

0.0180

0.0200

0.0210

0.0225

0.0240

0.0250

0.0260

0.0280

0.0292

0.0310

0.0313

0.0320

0.0330

0.0350

0.0360

0.0370

0.0380

0.0390

0.0400

0.0410

0.0420

0.0430

0.0465

0.0469

0.0520

0.0550

0.0595

0.0625

0.0635

0.0670

0.0700

0.0730

0.0760

0.0781

0.0785

0.0810

0.0820

0.0860

0.0890

0.0935

0.0937

0.0960

0.0980

0.0995

0.1015

0.1040

AREA,

SQUARE

INCHES

0.000143

0.000163

0.000191

0.000201

0.000234

0.000314

0.000346

0.000398

0.000452

0.000491

0.000531

0.000616

0.000670

0.000735

0.000765

0.000804

0.000855

0.000962

0.001018

0.001075

0.001134

0.001195

0.001257

0.001320

0.001385

0.001452

0.001698

0.00173

0.00212

0.00238

0.00278

0.00307

0.00317

0.00353

0.00385

0.00419

0.00454

0.00479

0.00484

0.00515

0.00528

0.00582

0.00622

0.00687

0.00690

0.00724

0.00754

0.00778

0.00809

0.00849

1.61

1.85

2.14

2.26

2.85

3.53

3.89

4.47

5.08

5.52

5.97

6.92

7.53

8.48

8.59

9.03

9.60

10.8

11.5

12.1

12.8

13.5

14.2

14.9

15.6

16.3

19.1

19.5

23.8

26.8

31.1

34.5

35.6

39.7

43.3

47.1

51.0

53.8

54.4

57.9

59.3

65.3

69.9

77.2

77.5

81.3

84.7

87.4

90.9

95.4

CAPACITIES IN CFH OF 0.6 GRAVITY HIGH PRESSURE NATURAL GAS AND AN ORIFICE COEFFICIENT OF 1.0

Upstream Pressure, Psi Gauge

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50

2.26

2.76

3.17

3.52

3.84

4.13

4.40

4.65

4.88

2.61

3.02

3.18

4.02

4.97

5.48

7.08

7.16

7.78

8.41

9.75

10.6

12.0

12.2

12.8

13.6

15.3

16.2

17.1

18.0

19.0

19.9

20.9

22.0

23.0

26.9

27.4

33.6

37.7

44.0

48.6

50.2

55.9

61.0

66.4

71.9

75.9

76.6

81.6

83.6

92.1

98.5
109
110

115
120
124
128
135

3.18

3.68

3.88

4.90

6.05

6.67

7.67

8.71

9.46

10.3

11.9

13.0

14.6

14.8

15.5

16.5

18.6

19.7

20.8

21.9

23.1

24.3

25.5

26.7

28.0

32.8

33.4

40.9

45.9

53.6

59.2

61.1

68.0

74.2

80.8

87.5

92.3

93.3

99.2

102
113
120
133
133

140
146
150
156
164

3.65

4.23

4.45

5.62

6.95

7.65

8.80

10.0

10.9

11.8

13.7

14.9

16.7

17.0

17.8

18.9

21.3

22.6

23.8

25.1

26.5

27.8

29.2

30.7

32.1

37.6

38.3

46.9

52.7

61.5

67.9

70.1

78.1

85.2

92.7
101
106
107
114

117
129
138
152
153

161
167
172
179
188

4.06

4.70

4.94

6.25

7.72

8.51

9.78

11.2

12.1

13.1

15.2

16.5

18.6

18.8

19.8

21.1

23.7

25.1

26.5

27.9

29.4

30.9

32.5

34.1

35.7

41.8

42.6

52.1

58.5

68.4

75.5

78.0

86.8

94.7

103
112
118
119
127

130
143
153
169
170

178
186
192
199
209

4.43

5.13

5.40

6.82

8.43

9.29

10.7

12.2

13.2

14.3

16.6

18.0

20.3

20.6

21.6

23.0

25.9

27.4

28.9

30.5

32.1

33.8

35.5

37.2

39.0

45.6

46.5

57.0

63.9

74.7

82.5

85.1

94.8
104

113
122
129
130
139

141
157
167
185
186

195
203
209
218
228

4.77

5.52

5.81

7.34

9.07

10.0

11.5

13.1

14.2

15.4

17.8

19.4

21.9

22.1

23.3

24.7

27.8

29.4

31.1

32.8

34.6

36.4

38.2

40.0

42.0

49.1

50.0

61.3

68.8

80.3

88.8

91.6
102
112

121
132
134
140
149

153
169
180
199
200

210
218
225
234
246

5.07

5.87

6.18

7.81

9.65

10.7

12.4

13.9

15.1

16.4

19.0

20.0

23.2

23.5

24.7

26.3

29.6

31.3

33.1

34.9

36.8

38.7

40.6

42.6

44.7

52.2

53.2

65.2

73.2

85.4

94.4

97.4
109
119

129
140
148
149
159

163
179
192
212
212

223
232
239
249
261

5.36

6.20

6.53

8.25

10.2

12.3

13.0

14.7

16.0

17.3

20.0

21.8

24.5

24.9

26.1

27.6

31.3

33.1

34.9

36.8

38.8

40.8

42.9

45.0

47.2

55.1

56.2

68.8

77.3

90.3

99.7
103
115
125

136
148
156
158
168

172
189
202
223
224

235
245
253
263
276

5.63

6.51

6.85

8.66

10.8

11.8

13.6

15.4

16.8

18.1

21.0

22.9

25.8

26.1

27.4

29.2

32.8

34.7

36.7

38.7

40.8

42.9

45.0

41.2

49.5

57.9

59.0

72.3

81.1

94.7
105
108
121
132

143
155
164
165
176

180
199
212
234
235

247
257
265
276
290

5.31

6.12

7.09

7.46

9.42

11.7

12.9

14.8

16.8

18.3

19.7

22.9

24.9

28.0

28.4

29.9

31.8

35.7

37.8

39.9

42.1

44.4

46.7

49.0

51.4

53.9

63.0

64.2

78.7

88.3

104
114
118
131
143

156
169
178
180
191

196
216
231
255
256

269
280
289
300
315

5.65

6.52

7.55

7.95

10.1

12.5

13.7

15.8

17.9

19.4

21.0

24.4

26.5

29.9

30.3

31.8

33.8

38.1

40.3

42.5

44.8

47.3

49.7

52.2

54.8

57.4

67.1

68.4

83.8

94.1

110
122
126
140
153

166
180
190
192
204

209
230
246
272
273

287
298
308
320
336

6.05

6.98

8.08

8.50

10.8

13.3

14.7

16.9

19.1

20.8

22.5

26.1

28.4

32.0

32.4

34.0

36.2

40.7

42.4

45.5

48.0

50.6

53.2

55.8

58.6

61.4

71.8

73.2

89.6
101

118
130
134
150
163

178
192
203
205
218

224
246
263
291
292

306
319
329
342
359

6.44

7.43

8.61

9.05

11.5

14.2

15.6

18.0

20.4

22.1

23.9

27.8

30.2

34.0

34.5

36.2

38.5

43.4

45.9

48.4

51.1

53.8

56.6

59.5

62.4

65.4

76.5

77.9

95.5
108

126
139
143
159
174

189
205
216
218
232

238
262
280
310
311

326
340
351
365
383

6.84

7.89

9.13

9.61

12.2

15.0

16.6

19.1

21.6

23.5

25.4

29.5

32.1

36.1

36.6

38.5

40.9

46.0

48.7

51.4

54.2

57.1

60.1

63.1

66.2

69.4

81.2

82.7
102
114

133
147
152
169
184

201
217
229
232
246

253
278
298
329
350

346
361
372
387
406

7.82

9.02

10.5

11.0

13.9

17.2

19.0

21.8

24.7

26.9

29.1

33.8

36.7

41.3

41.9

44.0

46.8

52.6

55.7

58.8

62.0

65.4

68.7

72.2

75.7

79.4

92.8

94.6
116
132

152
168
174
193
211

229
249
262
265
282

289
319
340
376
378

396
413
426
443
464

8.80

10.2

11.8

12.4

15.7

19.4

21.3

24.5

27.6

30.3

32.7

38.0

41.3

46.5

47.1

49.5

52.7

59.2

62.7

66.2

69.8

73.6

77.4

81.3

85.3

89.4
105
107
131
147

172
189
196
218
237

258
280
295
298
317

325
359
383
423
425

446
464
479
498
523

10.8

12.5

14.4

15.2

19.2

23.7

26.1

30.0

34.1

37.0

40.0

46.4

50.5

56.9

57.7

60.6

64.4

72.5

76.7

81.0

85.4

90.0

94.7

99.5
105

110
128
131
160
180

210
232
239
266
290

316
342
361
365
388

398
439
469
518
520

546
568
585
610
640

12.8

14.7

17.1

17.9

22.7

28.0

30.9

35.5

40.3

43.8

47.3

54.9

59.7

67.3

68.2

71.7

76.2

85.7

90.7

95.8

101
107
112
118
124

130
152
155
189
212

248
274
283
315
343

374
405
427
432
459

471
519
555
612
615

645
672
693
721
757

- continued -

697

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Capacities of Spuds and Orices (continued)

DRILL

DESIGNATION

36

7/64”

35
34
33

32
31

1/8”

30
29

28

9/64”

27
26
25

24
23

5/32”

22
21

20
19
18

11/64”

17

16
15
14
13

3/16”

12
11
10

9

8
7

13/64”

6
5

4
3

7/32”

2
1

A

15/64”

B
C
D

E=1/4”

F
G

17/64”

H

DIAMETER,

INCHES

0.1065

0.1094

0.1100

0.1110

0.1130

0.1160

0.1200

0.1250

0.1285

0.1360

0.1405

0.1406

0.1440

0.1470

0.1495

0.1520

0.1540

0.1562

0.1570

0.1590

0.1610

0.1660

0.1695

0.1719

0.1730

0.1770

0.1800

0.1820

0.1850

0.1875

0.1890

0.1910

0.1930

0.1960

0.1990

0.2010

0.2031

0.2040

0.2055

0.2090

0.2130

0.2187

0.2210

0.2280

0.2340

0.2344

0.2380

0.2420

0.2460

0.2500

0.2570

0.2610

0.2656

0.2660

AREA,

SQUARE

INCHES

0.00891

0.00940

0.00950

0.00968

0.01003

0.01057

0.01131

0.01227

0.01296

0.01433

0.01549

0.01553

0.01629

0.01697

0.01755

0.01815

0.01863

0.01917

0.01936

0.01986

0.02036

0.02164

0.02256

0.02320

0.02351

0.02461

0.02345

0.02602

0.02688

0.02761

0.02806

0.02865

0.02940

0.03017

0.03110

0.03173

0.03241

0.03269

0.03317

0.03431

0.03563

0.03758

0.03836

0.04083

0.04301

0.04314

0.04449

0.04600

0.04733

0.04909

0.05187

0.05350

0.05542

0.05557

CAPACITIES IN CFH OF 0.6 GRAVITY HIGH PRESSURE NATURAL GAS AND AN ORIFICE COEFFICIENT OF 1.0

Upstream Pressure, Psi Gauge

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50

100

141

172

197

219

240

258

274

290

304
106
107
109
113

119
127
138
146
164

174
175
183
191
197

204
210
216
218
223

229
243
254
261
264

277
286
293
302

310
315
322
331
339

350
357
364
367
373

386
400
422
431
459

483
485
500
517
534

552
583
601
623
624

149
151
154
159

168
179
195
206
230

246
246
258
269
278

288
295
304
307
315

323
343
358
368
373

390
403
412
426

437
445
454
466
478

493
503
513
518
525

543
564
595
608
647

681
683
705
725
733

777
821
847
878
880

182
183
187
194

204
218
237
250
280

299
300
314
327
339

350
359
370
373
383

393
417
435
447
453

475
491
502
518

532
541
552
567
582

600
612
625
630
639

661
687
724
739
787

829
831
857
916
975

946
1000
1040
1070
1070

208
210
214
222

234
250
272
287
322

343
344
361
376
388

402
412
424
428
440

451
479
499
513
520

545
563
576
595

611
621
634
650
667

688
702
717
723
734

739
788
831
849
903

951
954

984
1020
1060

1090
1150
1190
1230
1230

231
234
238
247

260
278
302
319
357

381
382
401
417
432

446
458
472
476
488

501
532
555
571
578

605
626
640
661

679
690
704
723
742

765
780
797
804
816

844
876
924
943

1010

1060
1060
1100
1130
1170

1210
1280
1320
1370
1370

253
255
260
270

284
304
330
348
390

416
417
438
456
472

490
501
515
520
534

547
581
606
623
632

661
684
699
722

742
754
770
790
810

835
852
870
878
891

921

959
1010
1030
1100

1160
1160
1200
1240
1280

1320
1400
1440
1490
1500

272
275
280
290

306
327
355
375
420

448
449
471
491
507

525
539
554
560
574

589
625
652
671
680

711
736
752
777

798
811
828
850
872

899
917
937
945
959

991
1030
1090
1110
1180

1250
1250
1290
1330
1370

1420
1500
1550
1610
1610

289
292
298
309

325
348
377
399
447

476
478
501
522
540

558
573
589
595
611

626
665
694
713
723

756
782
800
826

849
862
881
904
927

956
975

996
1010
1020

1060
1100
1160
1180
1260

1330
1330
1370
1420
1460

1510
1600
1650
1710
1710

305
309
315
326

343
367
399
421
472

503
504
529
551
570

589
605
623
629
645

661
703
733
753
763

799
826
845
873

896
911
930
955
980

1010
1030
1060
1070
1080

1120
1160
1220
1250
1330

1400
1400
1450
1500
1550

1600
1690
1740
1810
1810

321
324
330
342

360
386
418
442
495

528
529
555
579
598

619
635
653
660
677

694
738
769
790
801

839
868
887
916

941
956

976
1010
1030

1060
1090
1110
1120
1130

1170
1220
1280
1310
1400

1470
1470
1520
1570
1620

1680
1770
1830
1890
1900

331
349
353
359
372

392
420
456
481
539

575
576
605
630
651

674
691
711
713
737

756
803
837
861
872

913
944
965
997

1030
1050
1070
1090
1120

1160
1180
1210
1220
1230

1280
1330
1400
1430
1520

1600
1600
1650
1710
1770

1830
1930
1990
2060
2070

352
372
376
383
396

418
447
485
512
575

612
614
644
671
694

718
737
758
765
785

805
855
892
917
929

973
1010
1030
1060

1100
1110
1140
1170
1200

1230
1260
1290
1300
1320

1360
1410
1490
1520
1620

1700
1710
1760
1820
1880

1940
2050
2120
2190
2200

377
398
402
410
424

447
478
519
548
615

655
657
689
718
742

768
788
811
819
840

861
915
954
981
994

1040
1080
1100
1140

1170
1190
1220
1250
1270

1320
1350
1370
1390
1410

1450
1510
1590
1630
1730

1820
1830
1880
1950
2010

2080
2200
2270
2350
2350

402
424
428
436
452

476
510
553
584
655

698
700
734
764
790

818
839
863
872
894

917

975
1020
1050
1060

1110
1150
1180
1210

1250
1270
1290
1330
1360

1400
1430
1460
1480
1500

1550
1610
1700
1730
1840

1940
1950
2010
2080
2140

2210
2340
2410
2500
2510

426

487
514
520
530
549

578
619
671
709
795

847
849
891
928
960

992
1020
1050
1060
1090

1120
1190
1240
1270
1290

1350
1400
1430
1470

1510
1540
1570
1610
1650

1700
1740
1780
1790
1820

1880
1950
2060
2100
2240

2360
2360
2440
2520
2600

2690
2840
2930
3030
3040

549
579
585
596
618

651
696
756
798
893

954

956
1010
1050
1080

1120
1150
1180
1200
1230

1260
1340
1390
1430
1450

1520
1570
1610
1660

1700
1730
1770
1810
1860

1920
1960
2000
2020
2050

2120
2200
2320
2370
2520

2650
2660
2740
2840
2930

3030
3200
3300
3410
3420

449
454
463
480

505
541
587
620
695

740
742
779
811
839

867
890
916
925
949

973
1040
1080
1110
1130

1180
1220
1250
1290

1320
1340
1370
1410
1450

1490
1520
1550
1570
1590

1640
1710
1800
1840
1950

2060
2070
2130
2200
2280

2350
2480
2560
2650
2660

671
708
716
729
756

796
852
924
976

1100

1170
1170
1230
1280
1330

1370
1410
1450
1460
1500

1540
1630
1700
1750
1770

1860
1920
1960
2030

2080
2120
2160
2220
2280

2350
2390
2450
2470
2500

2590
2690
2830
2890
3080

3240
3250
3350
3470
3580

3700
3910
4030
4180
4190

794
838
847
863
894

942
1010
1100
1160
1300

1380
1390
1460
1520
1570

1620
1660
1710
1730
1770

1820
1930
2010
2070
2100

2200
2270
2320
2400

2460
2500
2560
2620
2690

2770
2830
2890
2920
2960

2770
2830
2890
2920
2960

3060
3180
3350
3420
3640

4380
4620
4770
4940
4950

- continued -

698

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Capacities of Spuds and Orices (continued)

DRILL

DESIGNATION

I
J
K

9/32”

L

M

19/64”

N

5/16”

O

P

21/64”

Q
R

11/32”

S
T

23/64”

U

3/8”

V

W

25/64”

X
Y

13/32”

Z

27/64”

7/16”

29/64”

15/32”
31/64”

1/2”
33/64”
17/32”

35/64”

9/16”
37/64”
19/32”
39/64”

5/8”
41/64”
21/32”
43/64”
11/16”

23/32”

3/4”
25/32”
13/16”
27/32”

7/8”
29/32”
15/16”
31/32”

1.0”

DIAMETER,

INCHES

0.2720

0.2770

0.2810

0.2812

0.2900

0.2930

0.2969

0.3020

0.3125

0.3160

0.3230

0.3281

0.3320

0.3390

0.3437

0.3480

0.3580

0.3594

0.3680

0.3750

0.3770

0.3860

0.3960

0.3970

0.4040

0.4062

0.4130

0.4219

0.4375

0.4531

0.4687

0.4844

0.5000

0.5156

0.5313

0.5469

0.5625

0.5781

0.5938

0.6094

0.6250

0.6406

0.6562

0.6719

0.6875

0.7188

0.7500

0.7812

0.8125

0.8438

0.8750

0.9062

0.9375

0.9688

1.0000

AREA,

SQUARE

INCHES

0.005811

0.006026

0.006102

0.006113

0.006605

0.006835

0.006922

0.007163

0.007670

0.007843

0.008194

0.008456

0.008657

0.009026

0.009281

0.09511

0.1006

0.1014

0.1065

0.1105

0.1116

0.1170

0.1198

0.1238

0.1282

0.1295

0.1340

0.1398

0.1503

0.1613

0.1726

0.1843

0.1964

0.2088

0.2217

0.2349

0.2485

0.2625

0.2769

0.2917

0.3068

0.3223

0.3382

0.3545

0.3712

0.4057

0.4418

0.4794

0.5185

0.5591

0.6013

0.6450

0.6903

0.7371

0.7854

653
677
697
698
742

768
778
805
862
881

920
950

972
1020
1050

1070
1130
1140
1200
1240

1260
1320
1350
1390
1440

1460
1510
1570
1690
1820

1940
2070
2210
2350
2490

2640
2790
2950
3110
3280

3450
3620
3800
3980
4170

4560
4960
5390
5830
6280

6760
7250
7750
8280
8820

CAPACITIES IN CFH OF 0.6 GRAVITY HIGH PRESSURE NATURAL GAS AND AN ORIFICE COEFFICIENT OF 1.0

Upstream Pressure, Psi Gauge

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50

916

1120

1290

1430

1560

1680

1790

1890

1980
957
983
984

1050

1090
1100
1140
1220
1250

1300
1340
1370
1430
1470

1510
1600
1610
1690
1750

1770
1860
1900
1960
2030

2060
2130
2220
2380
2560

2740
3280
3110
3310
3510

3720
3940
4160
4390
4620

4860
5110
5360
5620
5880

6430
7000
7590
8210
8850

9520
10 200
10 900
11 700
12 400

1170
1200
1200
1280

1320
1340
1380
1480
1520

1580
1630
1670
1740
1790

1840
1940
1960
2050
2130

2150
2260
2310
2390
2470

2500
2590
2700
2900
3110

3330
3550
3790
4030
4280

4530
4770
5060
5340
5620

5910
6210
6520
6830
7150

7820
8510
9240
9990

10 800

11 600
12 400
13 300
14 200
15 100

1340
1380
1380
1460

1520
1530
1590
1700
1740

1820
1870
1920
2000
2060

2110
2230
2250
2360
2450

2470
2590
2650
2740
2840

2870
2970
3100
3330
3570

3820
4080
4350
4620
4910

5200
5500
5810
6130
6450

6790
7130
7480
7840
8210

8970

9770
10 600
11 500
12 400

13 300
14 300
15 300
16 300
17 400

1490
1530
1530
1630

1680
1710
1760
1890
1930

2020
2080
2130
2220
2290

2340
2480
2500
2620
2720

2750
2900
2950
3050
3150

3190
3300
3440
3700
4000

4250
4530
4830
5140
5450

5780
6110
6450
6810
7170

7540
7920
8320
8720
9130

9970
10 900
11 800
12 800
13 800

14 800
15 900
17 000
18 200
19 300

1620
1670
1670
1780

1840
1860
1930
2060
2110

2200
2270
2330
2430
2500

2530
2710
2730
2860
2970

3000
3200
3220
3330
3450

3480
3600
3760
4040
4230

4640
4950
5280
5610
5960

6310
6680
7050
7440
7830

8240
8660
9080
9520
9970

10 900
11 900
12 900
14 000
15 000

16 200
17 400
18 600
19 800
21 100

1750
1800
1800
1910

1980
2000
2070
2220
2270

2370
2450
2500
2607
2690

2750
2910
2930
3080
3200

3230
3380
3460
3580
3710

3750
3870
4040
4350
4660

4990
5330
5680
6040
6410

6790
7180
7590
8000
8430

8870
9310

9770
10 300
10 600

11 800
12 800
13 900
15 000
16 200

17 400
18 700
20 000
21 300
22 700

1860
1910
1910
2030

2100
2130
2210
2360
2410

2520
2600
2660
2780
2860

2930
3100
3120
3270
3400

3430
3600
3680
3810
3940

3990
4130
4300
4620
5000

5310
5670
6340
6420
6820

7220
7640
8070
8510
8970

9430

9910
10 400
10 900
11 500

12 500
13 600
14 800
16 000
17 200

18 500
19 000
21 200
22 700
24 200

1960
2020
2020
2150

2220
2250
2330
2490
2550

2660
2750
2810
2930
3020

3090
3270
3300
3460
3590

3630
3800
3890
4020
4160

4210
4350
4540
4880
5140

5610
5990
6380
6780
7200

7630
8070
8520
8990
9470

9960
10 500
11 000
11 500
12 100

13 200
14 400
15 600
16 900
18 200

19 600
21 000
22 400
24 000
25 500

2060
2120
2120
2250

2330
2360
2440
2620
2660

2800
2890
2950
3080
3170

3240
3430
3460
3630
3770

3810
3990
4090
4220
4370

4420
4570
4770
5120
5500

5880
6280
6690
7120
7560

8010
8470
8950
9440
9940

10 500
11 000
11 600
12 100
12 700

13 900
15 100
16 400
17 700
19 100

20 500
22 000
23 600
25 100
26 800

2160
2240
2300
2310
2450

2540
2570
2660
2850
2910

3040
3140
3210
3350
3450

3530
3740
3770
3950
4100

4140
4340
4450
4600
4760

4810
4970
5190
5580
5990

6410
6840
7290
7750
8230

8720
9220

9740
10 300
10 900

11 400
12 000
12 600
13 200
13 800

15 100
16 400
17 800
19 300
20 800

22 300
24 000
25 600
27 400
29 200

2300
2390
2450
2460
2610

2710
2740
2830
3030
3100

3240
3350
3420
3570
3670

3760
4000
4010
4210
4370

4410
4630
4740
4900
5070

5120
5300
5530
5940
6380

6820
7280
7760
8250
8760

9290

9820
10 370
10 940
11 600

12 200
12 800
13 400
14 000
14 700

16 100
17 500
19 000
20 500
22 100

23 800
25 500
27 500
29 200
31 100

2460
2550
2630
2630
2800

2890
2930
3030
3250
3320

3470
3580
3660
3820
3930

4020
4260
4290
4500
4670

4720
5000
5100
5240
5420

5480
5670
5910
6360
6820

7300
7790
8310
8490
9370

9930
10 500
11 100
11 700
12 400

12 700
13 700
14 300
15 000
15 700

17 200
18 700
20 300
22 000
23 700

25 500
26 400
29 200
31 200
33 200

2620
2720
2800
2800
2980

3080
3120
3230
3460
3540

3690
3810
3900
4070
4180

4290
4530
4570
4790
4980

5030
5270
5400
5580
5780

5840
6040
6300
6770
7270

7770
8300
8850
9400
9980

10 600
11 200
11 900
12 500
13 200

13 900
14 600
15 300
16 000
16 800

18 300
19 900
21 600
23 400
25 200

27 100
29 100
31 100
33 200
35 400

2780
2880
2970
2970
3160

3270
3310
3430
3670
3750

3920
4040
4140
4320
4440

4550
4810
4850
5050
5280

5340
5590
5730
5920
6130

6200
6400
6680
7200
7700

8300
8800

9400
10 000
10 600

11 300
11 900
12 600
13 300
14 000

14 700
15 400
16 200
17 000
17 800

19 400
21 200
22 900
24 800
26 700

28 800
30 900
33 000
35 300
37 600

3180
3300
3390
3400
3610

3740
3790
3920
4200
4290

4480
4630
4740
4940
5080

5200
5500
5550
5820
6040

6100
6350
6550
6770
7010

7090
7330
7650
8220
8820

9440
10 100
10 800
11 500
12 200

12 900
13 600
14 400
15 200
16 000

16 800
17 700
18 500
19 400
20 300

22 200
24 200
26 200
28 400
30 600

32 900
35 300
37 800
40 300
43 000

3580
3710
3820
3830
4070

4210
4260
4410
4720
4830

5050
5210
5330
5560
5720

5860
6200
6240
6550
6800

6870
7200
7380
7620
7890

7980
8250
8610
9250
9930

10 700
11 400
12 100
12 900
13 700

14 500
15 300
16 200
17 100
18 000

18 900
19 900
20 900
21 900
22 900

25 000
27 200
29 500
32 000
34 400

37 000
39 700
42 500
45 400
48 400

4380
4540
4680
4680
4980

5150
5220
5400
5780
5910

6180
6370
6520
6800
6990

7170
7580
7640
8020
8330

8410
8820
9030
9330
9660

9760
10 100
10 600
11 400
12 200

13 000
13 900
14 800
15 800
16 700

17 700
18 800
19 800
20 900
22 000

23 100
24 300
25 500
26 700
28 000

30 600
33 300
36 100
39 100
42 100

45 300
48 600
52 000
55 600
59 200

5180
5370
5530
5540
5890

6090
6170
6390
6840
6990

7300
7540
7720
8040
8270

8480
8970
9040
9480
9850

9950
10 400
10 700
11 100
11 500

11 600
12 000
12 500
13 400
14 400

15 400
16 400
17 500
18 600
19 800

21 000
22 000
23 400
24 700
26 000

27 400
28 800
30 200
31 600
33 100

36 200
39 400
42 800
46 200
49 800

53 600
57 500
61 500
65 700
70 000

699

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

SILICONE FLUID 200 CS

SILICONE FLUID 1000 CS

MIL-T-5624 (JP-4)

MIL-C-7024 TYPE II

JET A

ETHYLENE GLYCOL WATER MIXTURE 50/50

D IESEL FUEL

MIL-T-5624 (JP-5)

AND KEROSENE

JET A

H 0

2

BENZENE

ETHYLENE OXIDE

AUTOMOBILE GASOLINE AVG

MIL-T-5624 (JP-5)

AND KEROSENE

MIL-H-6083

MIL-H-5606

SKYDROL 500 B-4 AND LD-4

MIL-H-5606

MIL-L-23699

MIL-H-6083

MIL-L-7808

AND MIL-H-83282

MIL-L-7808 AND MIL-H-83282

SKYDROL 7000

MIL-L-6081 (1010)

# 4 FUEL OIL

# 4 FUEL OIL

DIESEL FUEL

ETHYLENE GLYCOL 100%

SAE 30

SAE 20

SAE 10

MIL-L-23699

SKYDROL 7000

SAE 40

10,000

Viscosities of Typical Fluids vs. Temperature

TEMPERATURE °F

KINEMATIC VISCOSITY - CENTISTOKES

5,000

2,000

1,000

500

200

100

50

20

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

350300250200150100806040200-20-40-60

SAE 90

SAE 90

SAE 140

SAE 140

SILICONE FLUID 500 CS

MIL-L-6081 (1010)

MIL-G-5572 AVIATION GASOLINE

ALCOHOL AND ACETONE

MIL-L-6082 (1100), SAE 50, AND BUNKER-C

700

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

JET A

ALCOHOL AND ACETONE

H 0

2

H 0

2

MIL-G-5572 AVIATION GASOLINE

AUTOMOBILE GASOLINE AVG

ETHYLENE GLYCOL WATER MIXTURE 50/50

SKYDROL 500 B-4

SILICONE FLUIDS

#4 FUEL OIL

AND BUNKER-C

MIL-H-5606

AND MIL-H-83282

MIL-L-6081 (1010)

AND MIL-H-6083

MIL-T-5624 (JP-5)

MIL-C-7024 TYPE 11

MIL-T-5624 (JP-4)

MIL-L7808

MIL-L-23699

KEROSENE

MIL-L-6082 (1100), SAE 50, 90 AND 140 AVG

,

DIESEL FUELS, BENZENE AND SAE 10 THRU 40 AVG

SILICONE FLUIDS

SKYDROL 7000

SKYDROL LD-4

ETHYLENE GLYCOL 100%

1.20

1.15

1.05

1.05

1.00

0.95

0.90

0.85

0.80

0.75

0.70

0.65

0.60

0.55

0.50

TEMPERATURE °F

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

(WITH RESPECT TO H

2

O @ 60°F)

180100806040200-20-40-60 160140 280200120 260240 300220

Specific Gravity of Typical Fluids vs. Temperature

MIL-L7808

ETHYLENE OXIDE

701

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

1.5:1 2:1 3:1 4:1

Effect of Inlet Swage On Critical

Flow C

g

Requirements

Valve Cg/Valve Inlet Area

Swaged C

g

/Linear-Size C

g

1

0 100

0.95

0.9

0.85

0.8

0.75
200 300 400 500 900 800700 600

702

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Seat Leakage Classications (In Accordance with ANSI/FCI 70-3-2004)

LEAKAGE CLASS

DESIGNATION

DESCRIPTION

MAXIMUM LEAKAGE

ALLOWABLE

I

II

III

IV

VI

VII

A modication of any Class II, III or IV regulator where the design intent is the 

same as the basic class, but by agreement between user and supplier, no test 

This class establishes the maximum permissible leakage generally associated with

commercial double-seat regulators with metal-to-metal seats.

This class establishes the maximum permissible leakage generally associated with

This class establishes the maximum permissible leakage generally associated with

Class II, but with a higher degree of seat and seal tightness.

commercial unbalanced single-seat regulators with metal-to-metal seats.

This class establishes the maximum permissible seat leakage generally

associated with resilient seating regulators either balanced or unbalanced with

This class establishes the maximum permissible seat leakage generally

associated with Class VI, but with test performed at the maximum operating 

is required.

O-rings or similar gapless seals.

differential pressure.

- - - -

0.5% of maximum Cv

0.1% of maximum Cv

0.01% of maximum Cv

Leakage per following table as expressed in ml per minute

Leakage per following table as expressed in ml per minute

versus seat diameter.

versus seat diameter.

Nominal Port Diameter and Leak Rate

NOMINAL PORT DIAMETER LEAK RATE

Millimeters (Inches) Standard ml per Minute

(2)

<25 (<1)

38 (1.5)

51 (2)

64 (2.5)

76 (3)
102 (4)
152 (6)
203 (8)

250 (10)
300 (12)
350 (14)
400 (16)

1. Bubbles per minute as tabulated are an easily measured suggested alternative based on a suitable calibrated measuring device in this case a 0.24 inch (6 mm) O.D. x 0.04 inch (1 mm)
wall tube submerged in water to a depth of from 0.12 to 0.24 inch (3 to 6 mm). The tube end shall be cut square and smooth with no chamfers or burrs and the tube axis shall be
perpendicular to the surface of the water. Other apparatus may be constructed and the number of bubbles per minute may differ from those shown as long as they correctly indicate the

      ow in ml per minute.

2. If valve seat diameter differs by more than 0.08 inch (2 mm) from one of the valves listed, the leakage rate may be obtained by interpolation assuming that the leakage rate varies as the 
square of the seat diameter.

3. Standard millimeters based on 60 °F (16 °C) and 14.73 psia (1,016 bar a).

0,15
0,30
0,45
0,60
0,90
1,70
4,00
6,75
11,1
16,0
21,6
28,4

(3)

Bubbles per

(1)

Minute

(2)

1

2
3
4

6
11
27
45

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

703

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Flange, Valve Size, and Pressure-Temperature
Rating Designations

Sizes of ASME anges are designated as NPS (for “nominal
pipe size”). The nominal size is based on inches, but the units are
not required in the designation. For example: NPS 2 is the size.
Pressure ratings are designated by class. For example, CL150 is
the rating. ASME designations replace ANSI designations.

Sizes of EN and ISO anges are designated with DN (for “nominal

diameter”). The nominal diameter is based on millimeters, but
the units are not included in the designation. For example: DN 50
is the size. Pressure ratings are designated by PN (for “nominal
pressure”). For example PN 40 is the pressure rating. EN and ISO
designations replace DIN designations through PN 100.

ASME B16.5 anges will mate with EN 1759 anges but not with
EN 1092 anges (formerly DIN anges). ASME B16.5 anges
will mate with most ISO 7005 anges.

Common size designations in wide use are shown in the table below.

A summary of ange terminology is shown in the table below, and
equivalency of anges is shown in the table on the following page.

Pipe Thread Standards

There are three pipe thread standards that are accepted globally:

• NPT, ASME B1.20.1: General-purpose pipe threads (inches).

• G Series, ISO 228-1: Pipe threads for use where pressure-tight

joints are not made on the threads. The internal and external
threads are not tapered but are parallel or straight.

• R Series, ISO 7/1: Pipe threads for use where pressure-tight

joints are made on the threads. The internal thread is parallel

(straight) or tapered; external is always tapered.

Notes

Japanese (JIS) valves and anges are designated according to
JIS standards.

European Norm ange types, such as at-face and raised-face

are designated Type A, Type B, Type C. These types do not
correspond to the DIN 2526 Form A, Form D, etc., designations.

Common Size Designations

NPS 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24

DN 15 20 25 40 50 65 80 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600

Summary of Flange Terminology

ASME EUROPEAN NORM EXAMPLE OF PRINTED PRESENTATION

Pressure Rating CLASS PN CL300 or CL300, PN 40

Size NPS DN NPS 2, DN 50

Pipe Threads (Internal or

External)

NPT NPT, G (Straight), R (Tapered) G 1/4, 1/4 NPT, 1/4 NPT Internal (or External)

704

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Equivalency Table

ISO ASME DIN EUROPEAN NORM LIMITATIONS

ASME and European

Norm Only

European Norm Only - - - - EN 1092 Through PN 100

DIN Only - - - - DIN

ISO and ASME Only ISO 7005 Class Flanges ASME B16.5 - - - -

1. DIN is no longer used except for pressure ratings above PN 100.

  2.  DIN standards 2628, 2629, 2638, 2548, 2549, 2550, and 2551.

- - - - Class Flanges ASME B16.5 - - - - EN 1759-1

(2)

- - - - Above PN 100

Species ASTM materials but also permits 

European materials per EN 1092-1.

(1)

(1)

A few sizes are compatible to previous
DIN standards. An older version contained

ange designations that do not appear in the 

current standard.

Standard Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASME CL150 Valve Bodies

SERVICE

TEMPERATURE,

°F (°C)

-20 to 100 (-29 to 38)
200 (93)

300 (149)
400 (204)

500 (260)
600 (316)

650 (343)
700 (371)

  1.  Table information is extracted from the Valve-Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End, ASME Standard B16.34-2004.  These tables must be used in accordance with the ASME standard. 

LCB LCC/WCC WCB CF8 or 304 CF8M/CF3M

265 (18,3)
255 (17,6)

230 (15,9)
200 (13,8)

170 (11,7)

140 (9,7)

125 (8,6)
110 (7,6)

290 (20,0)
260 (17,9)

230 (15,9)
200 (13,8)

170 (11,7)

140 (9,7)

125 (8,6)
110 (7,6)

WORKING PRESSURE, PSIG (bar)

285 (19,7)
260 (17,9)

230 (15,9)
200 (13,8)

170 (11,7)

140 (9,7)

125 (8,6)
110 (7,6)

275 (19,0)
230 (15,9)

205 (14,1)
190 (13,1)

170 (11,7)

140 (9,7)

125 (8,6)
110 (7,6)

Standard Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASME CL300 Valve Bodies

SERVICE

TEMPERATURE,

°F (°C)

-20 to 100 (-29 to 38)
200 (93)

300 (149)
400 (204)

500 (260)
600 (316)

650 (343)
700 (371)

  1.  Table information is extracted from the Valve-Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End, ASME Standard B16.34-2004.  These tables must be used in accordance with the ASME standard. 

LCB LCC/WCC WCB CF8 or 304 CF8M/CF3M

695 (47,9)
660 (45,5)

640 (44,1)
615 (42,4)

585 (40,3)
550 (37,9)

535 (36,8)
510 (35,2)

750 (51,7)
750 (51,7)

730 (50,3)
705 (48,6)

665 (45,9)
605 (41,7)

590 (40,7)
555 (38,3)

WORKING PRESSURE, PSIG (bar)

740 (51,0)
680 (46,9)

655 (45,2)
635 (43,8)

605 (41,7)

570 (39.3)

550 (38,0)
530 (36,5)

720 (49,6)
600 (41,4)

540 (37,2)
495 (34,1)

465 (32,1)

440 (30.3)

430 (29,6)
420 (29,0)

(1)

275 (19,0)
235 (16,2)

215 (14,8)
195 (13,4)

170 (11,7)

140 (9,7)

125 (8,6)
110 (7,6)

(1)

720 (49,6)
620 (42,7)

560 (38,6)
515 (35,5)

480 (33,1)
450 (31,0)

440 (30,3)
435 (30,0)

705

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

34,5

232

27,6

22,0

17,2

13,8
12,1

8,6

5,0

0

0

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

-20

100

TEMPERATURE, °F

TEMPERATURE, °C

PRESSURE RATING-PSI-LIQUID, GAS, STEAM

PRESSURE RATING-BAR

ASME CLASS

125 RATINGS

SATURATED
STEAM

ASME CLASS 250 RATINGS

Pressure/Temperature Ratings for ASTM A126 Cast Iron Valves

20817815010065

300

-29

200 300

353 406 450

Standard Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASME CL600 Valve Bodies

SERVICE

TEMPERATURE,

°F (°C)

-20 to 100 (-29 to 38)
200 (93)

300 (149)
400 (204)

500 (260)
600 (316)

650 (343)
700 (371)

  1.  Table information is extracted from the Valve-Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End, ASME Standard B16.34-2004.  These tables must be used in accordance with the ASME standard. 

LCB LCC/WCC WCB CF8 or 304 CF8M/CF3M

1395 (96,2)
1320 (91,0)

1275 (87,9)
1230 (84,8)

1175 (81,0)
1105 (76,2)

1065 (73,4)
1025 (70,7)

1500 (103)
1500 (103)

1455 (100)

1405 (97,0)

1330 (91,7)
1210 (83,4)

1175 (81,0)
1110 (76,5)

WORKING PRESSURE, PSIG (bar)

1480 (102)

1360 (93,7)

1310 (90,3)
1265 (87,2)

1205 (83,1)
1135 (78,3)

1100 (75,8)
1060 (73,1)

1440 (99,3)
1200 (82,7)

1075 (74,1)

995 (68,6)

930 (64,1)
885 (61,0)

865 (59,6)
845 (58,3)

(1)

1440 (99,3)
1240 (85,5)

1120 (77,2)
1025 (70,7)

955 (65,8)
900 (62,1)

885 (61,0)
870 (60,0)

CLASS B (1”-12”)

CLASS A (1”-12”)

CLASS B (14”-24”)

CLASS B (1”-12”)

CLASS A (1”-12”)

CLASS B (14”-24”)

706

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Diameter of Bolt Circles

NOMINAL

PIPE SIZE,

INCHES

1
1-1/4
1-1/2

2
2-1/2

3

4

5

6

8

10
12
14
16
18

20
24
30
36
42
48

  1.  Sizes 1 through 12-inches also apply to ASME Class 150 bronze anges.

  2.  Sizes 1 through 8-inches also apply to ASME Class 300 bronze anges.

ASMECL125 (CAST IRON)

OR CL150

(1)

(STEEL)

3.12

3.50

3.88

4.75

5.50

6.00

7.50

8.50

39.50

11.75

14.25

17.00

18.75

21.25

22.75

25.00

29.50

36.00

42.75

49.50

56.00

ASME CL250

(CAST IRON) OR

CL300

(2)

(STEEL)

3.50

3.88

4.50

5.00

5.88

6.62

7.88

9.25

10.62

13.00

15.25

17.75

20.25

22.50

24.75

27.00

32.00

39.25

46.00

52.75

60.75

ASME

CL600

3.50

3.88

4.50

5.00

5.88

6.62

8.50

10.50

11.50

13.75

17.00

19.25

20.75

23.75

25.75

28.50

33.00

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

ASME

CL900

4.00

4.38

4.88

6.50

7.50

7.50

9.25

11.00

12.50

15.50

18.50

21.00

22.00

24.25

27.00

29.50

35.50

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

ASME

CL1500

4.00

4.38

4.88

6.50

7.50

8.00

9.50

11.50

12.50

15.50

19.00

22.50

25.00

27.75

30.50

32.75

39.00

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

ASME

CL2500

4.25

5.12

5.75

6.75

7.75

9.00

10.75

12.75

14.50

17.25

21.75

24.38

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

ASME Face-To-Face Dimensions for Flanged Regulators

BODY SIZE,

INCHES

1
1-1/4
1-1/2

2
2-1/2

3

4

6

8

10
12
16

FF—Flat-faced, RF—Raised-faced, and RTJ—Ring Type Joint

CL125 FF (Cast Iron)

CL150 RF (Steel),

Inches (mm)

7.25 (184)

7.88 (200)

8.75 (222)

10.00 (254)

10.88 (276)

11.75 (298)

13.88 (353)

17.75 (451)

21.38 (543)

26.50 (673)

29.00 (737)

40.00 (1016)

ASME CLASS AND END CONNECTIONS (INCH DIMENSIONS ARE IN ACCORDANCE WITH ISA S4.01.1-1997)

CL250 RF (Cast Iron)

CL300 RF (Steel),

Inches (mm)

41.62 (1057)

7.75 (197)

8.38 (213)

9.25 (235)

10.50 (267)

11.50 (292)

12.50 (317)

14.50 (368)

18.62 (473)

22.38 (568)

27.88 (708)

30.50 (775)

CL150 RJT (Steel),

Inches (mm)

7.75 (197)

8.38 (213)

9.25 (235)

10.50 (267)

11.38 (289)

12.25 (311)

14.38 (365)

18.25 (464)

21.88 (556)

27.00 (686)

29.50 (749)

40.50 (1029)

CL300 RJT (Steel),

Inches (mm)

8.25 (210)

8.88 (226)

9.75 (248)

11.12 (282)

12.12 (308)

13.12 (333)

15.12 (384)

19.25 (489)

23.00 (584)

28.50 (724)

31.12 (790)

42.25 (1073)

CL600 RF (Steel),

Inches (mm)

8.25 (210)

9.00 (229)

9.88 (251)

11.25 (286)

12.25 (311)

13.25 (337)

15.50 (394)

20.00 (508)

24.00 (610)

29.62 (752)

32.25 (819)

43.62 (1108)

CL600 RJT (Steel),

Inches (mm)

8.25 (210)

9.00 (229)

9.88 (251)

11.38 (289)

12.38 (314)

13.38 (340)

15.62 (397)

20.12 (511)

24.12 (613)

29.75 (756)

32.38 (822)

43.75 (1111)

707

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Wear and Galling Resistance Chart of Material Combinations

MATERIAL

304 Stainless Steel

316 Stainless Steel

Bronze

®

Inconel

®

Monel

Hastelloy® C

Nickel

Alloy 20

Type 416 Hard

Type 440 Hard

17-4PH

(1)

ENC

Cr Plate

Al Bronze

1. Electroless Nickel Coating S - Satisfactory
F - Fair P - Poor

304 STAINLESS

STEEL

P
P
F
P
P

F
P
P
F
F

F
F
F
F

316 STAINLESS

STEEL

P
P
F
P
P

F
P
P
F
F

F
F
F
F

BRONZE INCONEL

F
F
S
S
S

S
S
S
F
F

F
F
F
F

P
P
S
P
P

F
P
F
F
F

F
F
F
S

- continued -

®

MONEL

®

P
P
S
P
P

F
F
F
F
F

F
F
F

S

HASTELLOY® C NICKEL

F
F
S
F
F

F
F
F
F
F

F
F
S
S

P
P
S

F
F

F
P
P

F

F

F

F
S
S

Wear and Galling Resistance Chart of Material Combinations (continued)

MATERIAL ALLOY 20 TYPE 416 HARD TYPE 440 HARD 17-4PH ENC

304 Stainless Steel

316 Stainless Steel

Bronze

®

Inconel

®

Monel

Hastelloy® C

Nickel

Alloy 20

Type 416 Hard

Type 440 Hard

17-4PH

(1)

ENC

Cr Plate

Al Bronze

1. Electroless Nickel Coating S - Satisfactory
F - Fair P - Poor

P
P
S
F
F

F
P
P
F
F

F
F
S
S

F
F
F
F
F

F
F
F
F
S

F
S
S
S

F
F
F
F
F

F
F
F
F
F

S
S
S
S

F
F
F
F
F

F
F
F
F
S

P
S
S
S

(1)

F
F
F
F
F

F
F

F
S
S

S
P
S
S

Cr PLATE Al BRONZE

F
F
F
F
F

S
F
F
S
S

S
S
P
S

F
F

F
S
S

S
S
S
S
S

S
S
S
P

Equivalent Lengths of Pipe Fittings and Valves

TYPE OF FITTING

OR VALVE

Standard tee with entry or

discharge through side

Standard elbow or run

of tee reduced 1/2

Medium sweep elbow or

(1)

run

of tee reduced 1/4

Long sweep elbow or

(1)

run

of standard tee

or buttery valve

45° elbow 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.7 5.0 7.5 10 12 15 17 20 22 24 30 37

Close return bend 3.7 5.1 6.2 8.5 10 13 15 19 24 37 49 62 75 86 100 110 125 150 185

Globe valve, wide-open 0.6 22 27 40 43 45 65 82 120 170 240 290 340 400 440 500 550 680 850

Angle valve, wide-open 8.2 11 14 18 21 28 33 42 56 85 112 145 165 190 220 250 280 340 420

Swing check valve, 

wide-open

Gate valve, wide-open, or 

slight bushing reduction

  1.  A uid is said to ow through the run of a tee when the ow is straight through the tee with no change of direction.

2. A tee is said to be reduced 1/4 if the internal area of the smaller connecting pipe is 25% less than the internal area of the larger connecting pipe.

1/2 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 O.D. 16 O.D. 18 O.D. 20 O.D. 24 O.D. 30 O.D.

3.4 4.5 5.5 7.5 9.0 12 14 17 22 33 43 55 65 78 85 105 115 135 170

(1)

1.7 2.2 2.7 3.7 4.3 5.5 6.5 8 12 16 20 26 31 36 42 47 52 64 80

(2)

1.3 1.8 2.3 3.0 3.7 4.6 5.4 6.8 9.0 14 18 22 26 30 35 40 43 55 67

(2)

1 1.3 1.7 2.3 2.7 3.5 4.2 5.3 7 11 14 17 20 23 26 31 34 41 52

4.0 5.2 6.6 9.0 11 14 16 19 26 39 52 66 78 92 106 120 130 145 160

0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.7 2.3 3.5 4.5 5.7 6.7 8.0 9.0 11 12 14 17

LENGTHS IN FEET OF STANDARD PIPE

Nominal Pipe Size in Inches

708

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Pipe Data: Carbon and Allow Steel—Stainless Steel

NOMINAL
PIPE SIZE

(INCHES)

1/8 0.405

1/4 0.540

3/8 0.675

1/2 0.840

3/4 1.050

1-1/4 1.660

1-1/2 1.900

Identication, wall thickness and weights are extracted from ASME B36.10 and B39.19.
  The notations STD, XS, and XXS indicate Standard, Extra Strong, and Double Extra Strong pipe, respectively.

Transverse internal area values listed in “square feet” also represent volume in cubic feet per foot of pipe length.

OUTSIDE

DIAMETER

(INCHES)

1 1.315

2 2.375

Iron Pipe

IDENTIFICATION

Steel

Size

- - - ­STD

- - - ­STD

- - - ­STD

- - - -

- - - ­STD

- - - ­XXS

- - - -

- - - ­STD

- - - ­XXS

- - - -

- - - ­STD

- - - ­XXS

- - - -

- - - ­STD

- - - ­XXS

- - - -

- - - ­STD

- - - ­XXS

- - - -

- - - ­STD

- - - ­XXS

Schedule

XS 80 80S 0.095 0.215 0.0925 0.0365 0.00025 0.31 0.016

XS 80 80S 0.119 0.302 0.1574 0.0716 0.00050 0.54 0.031

XS 80 80S 0.126 0.423 0.2173 0.1405 0.00098 0.74 0.061

XS

XS

XS

XS

XS

XS

No.

- - - ­40

- - - ­40

- - - ­40

- - - -

- - - ­40

80

160

- - - -

- - - -

- - - ­40

80

160

- - - -

- - - -

- - - ­40

80

160

- - - -

- - - -

- - - ­40

80

160

- - - -

- - - -

- - - ­40

80

160

- - - -

- - - -

- - - ­40

80

160

- - - -

Stainless Steel

Schedule No.

10S
40S

10S
40S

10S
40S

5S
10S
40S

80S

- - - -

- - - -

5S
10S
40S

80S

- - - -

- - - -

5S
10S
40S

80S

- - - -

- - - -

5S
10S
40S

80S

- - - -

- - - -

5S
10S
40S

80S

- - - -

- - - -

5S
10S
40S

80S

- - - -

- - - -

WALL

THICKNESS (t)

(INCHES)

0.049

0.068

0.065

0.088

0.065

0.091

0.065

0.083

0.109

0.147

0.187

0.294

0.065

0.083

0.113

0.154

0.219

0.308

0.065

0.109

0.133

0.065

0.250

0.358

0.065

0.109

0.140

0.191

0.250

0.382

0.065

0.109

0.145

0.200

0.281

0.400

0.065

0.109

0.154

0.218

0.344

0.436

INSIDE

DIAMETER (d)

(INCHES)

0.307

0.269

0.410

0.364

0.545

0.493

0.710

0.674

0.622

0.546

0.466

0.252

0.920

0.884

0.824

0.742

0.612

0.434

1.185

1.097

1.049

0.957

0.815

0.599

1.530

1.442

1.380

1.278

1.160

0.896

1.770

1.682

1.610

1.500

1.338

1.100

2.245

2.157

2.067

1.939

1.687

1.503

AREA OF

METAL

(SQUARE

INCHES)

0.0548

0.0720

0.0970

0.1250

0.1246

0.1670

0.1583

0.1974

0.2503

0.3200

0.3836

0.5043

0.2011

0.2521

0.3326

0.4335

0.5698

0.7180

0.2553

0.4130

0.4939

0.6388

0.8365

1.0760

0.3257

0.4717

0.6685

0.8815

1.1070

1.534

0.3747

0.6133

0.7995

1.068

1.429

1.885

0.4717

0.7760

1.075

1.477

2.190

2.656

TRANSVERSE INTERNAL

AREA

(a)

(Square

Inches)

0.0740

0.0568

0.1320

0.1041

0.2333

0.1910

0.3959

0.3568

0.3040

0.2340

0.1706

0.050

0.6648

0.6138

0.5330

0.4330

0.2961

0.148

1.1029

0.9452

0.8640

0.7190

0.5217

0.282

1.839

1.633

1.495

1.283

1.057

0.630

2.461

2.222

2.036

1.767

1.406

0.950

3.958

3.654

3.355

2.953

2.241

1.774

(A)

(Square

Feet)

0.00051

0.00040

0.00091

0.00072

0.00162

0.00133

0.00275

0.00248

0.00211

0.00163

0.00118

0.00035

0.00462

0.00426

0.00371

0.00300

0.00206

0.00103

0.00766

0.00656

0.00600

0.00499

0.00362

0.00196

0.01277

0.01134

0.01040

0.00891

0.00734

0.00438

0.01709

0.01543

0.01414

0.01225

0.00976

0.00660

0.02749

0.02538

0.02330

0.02050

0.01556

0.01232

WEIGHT

PIPE

(POUNDS

PER FOOT)

0.19

0.24

0.33

0.42

0.42

0.57

0.54

0.67

0.85

1.09

1.31

1.71

0.69

0.86

1.13

1.47

1.94

2.44

0.87

1.40

1.68

2.17

2.84

3.66

1.11

1.81

2.27

3.00

3.76

5.21

1.28

2.09

2.72

3.63

4.86

6.41

1.61

2.64

3.65

5.02

7.46

9.03

WEIGHT

WATER

(POUNDS

PER FOOT

OF PIPE)

0.032

0.025

0.057

0.045

0.101

0.083

0.172

0.155

0.132

0.102

0.074

0.022

0.288

0.266

0.231

0.188

0.128

0.064

0.478

0.409

0.375

0.312

0.230

0.122

0.797

0.708

0.649

0.555

0.458

0.273

1.066

0.963

0.882

0.765

0.608

0.42

1.72

1.58

1.45

1.28

0.97

0.77

- continued -

709

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Pipe Data: Carbon and Allow Steel—Stainless Steel (continued)

NOMINAL
PIPE SIZE

(INCHES)

2-1/2 2.875

3-1/2 4.000

Identication, wall thickness and weights are extracted from ASME B36.10 and B39.19.
  The notations STD, XS, and XXS indicate Standard, Extra Strong, and Double Extra Strong pipe, respectively.

Transverse internal area values listed in “square feet” also represent volume in cubic feet per foot of pipe length.

OUTSIDE

DIAMETER

(INCHES)

3 3.500

4 4.500

5 5.563

6 6.625

9 8.625

10 10.750

Iron Pipe

IDENTIFICATION

Steel

Size

- - - -

- - - ­STD

XS

- - - ­XXS

- - - -

- - - ­STD

XS

- - - ­XXS

- - - -

- - - ­STD

XS 80 80S 0.318 3.364 3.678 8.888 0.06170 12.50 3.84

- - - -

- - - ­STD

XS

- - - -

- - - ­XXS

- - - -

- - - ­STD

XS

- - - -

- - - ­XXS

- - - -

- - - ­STD

XS

- - - -

- - - ­XXS

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - ­STD

- - - ­XS

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

XXS

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

STD

XS

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

XXS

- - - -

Schedule

No.

- - - -

- - - ­40

80

160

- - - -

- - - -

- - - ­40

80

160

- - - -

- - - -

- - - ­40

- - - -

- - - ­40

80

120
160

- - - -

- - - -

- - - ­40

80

120
160

- - - -

- - - -

- - - ­40

80

120
160

- - - -

- - - -

- - - ­20
30
40

60
80

100
120
140

- - - -

160

- - - -

- - - ­20
30
40

60
80

100
120
140
160

Stainless

Steel

Schedule No.

5S
10S
40S

80S

- - - -

- - - -

5S
10S
40S

80S

- - - -

- - - -

5S
10S
40S

5S
10S
40S

80S

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

5S
10S
40S

80S

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

5S
10S
40S

80S

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

5S
10S

- - - -

- - - ­40S

- - - ­80S

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

5S

10S

- - - -

- - - ­40S

80S

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

WALL

THICKNESS (t)

(INCHES)

0.083

0.120

0.203

0.279

0.375

0.552

0.083

0.120

0.216

0.300

0.438

0.600

0.083

0.120

0.226

0.083

0.120

0.237

0.337

0.438

0.531

0.674

0.109

0.134

0.258

0.375

0.500

0.625

0.750

0.109

0.134

0.280

0.432

0.562

0.719

0.864

0.109

0.148

0.250

0.277

0.322

0.406

0.500

0.594

0.719

0.812

0.875

0.906

0.134

0.165

0.250

0.307

0.365

0.500

0.594

0.719

0.844

1.000

1.125

INSIDE

DIAMETER (d)

(INCHES)

2.709

2.635

2.469

2.323

2.125

1.771

3.334

3.260

3.068

2.900

2.624

2.300

3.834

3.760

3.548

4.334

4.260

4.026

3.826

3.624

3.438

3.152

5.345

5.295

5.047

4.813

4.563

4.313

4.063

6.407

6.357

6.065

5.761

5.501

5.187

4.897

8.407

8.329

8.125

8.071

7.981

7.813

7.625

7.437

7.187

7.001

6.875

6.813

10.482

10.420

10.250

10.136

10.020

9.750

9.562

9.312

9.062

8.750

8.500

AREA OF

METAL

(SQUARE

INCHES)

0.7280

1.039

1.704

2.254

2.945

4.028

0.8910

1.274

2.228

3.016

4.205

5.466

1.021

1.463

2.680

1.152

1.651

3.174

4.407

5.595

6.621

8.101

1.868

2.285

4.300

6.112

7.953

9.696

11.340

2.231

2.733

5.581

8.405

10.70

13.32

15.64

2.916

3.941

6.57

7.26

8.40

10.48

12.76

14.96

17.84

19.93

21.30

21.97

4.36

5.49

8.24

10.07

11.90

16.10

18.92

22.63

26.24

30.63

34.02

TRANSVERSE INTERNAL

(a)

(Square

Inches)

5.764

5.453

4.788

4.238

3.546

2.464

8.730

8.347

7.393

6.605

5.408

4.155

11.545

11.104

9.886

14.75

14.25

12.73

11.50

10.31

9.28

7.80

22.44

22.02

20.01

18.19

16.35

14.61

12.97

32.24

31.74

28.89

26.07

23.77

21.15

18.84

55.51

54.48

51.85

51.16

50.03

47.94

45.66

43.46

40.59

38.50

37.12

36.46

86.29

85.28

82.52

80.69

78.86

74.66

71.84

68.13

64.53

60.13

56.75

AREA

(A)

(Square

Feet)

0.04002

0.03787

0.03322

0.02942

0.02463

0.01710

0.06063

0.05796

0.05130

0.04587

0.03755

0.02885

0.08017

0.07711

0.06870

0.10245

0.09898

0.08840

0.07986

0.0716

0.0645

0.0542

0.1558

0.1529

0.1390

0.1263

0.1136

0.1015

0.0901

0.2239

0.2204

0.2006

0.1810

0.1650

0.1469

0.1308

0.3855

0.3784

0.3601

0.3553

0.3474

0.3329

0.3171

0.3018

0.2819

0.2673

0.2578

0.2532

0.5992

0.5922

0.5731

0.5603

0.5475

0.5185

0.4989

0.4732

0.4481

0.4176

0.3941

WEIGHT PIPE

(POUNDS

PER FOOT)

2.48

3.53

5.79

7.66

10.01

13.69

3.03

4.33

7.58

10.25

14.32

18.58

3.48

4.97

9.11

3.92

5.61

10.79

14.98

19.00

22.51

27.54

6.36

7.77

14.62

20.78

27.04

32.96

38.55

7.60

9.29

18.97

28.57

36.39

45.35

53.16

9.93

13.40

22.36

24.70

28.55

35.64

43.39

50.95

60.71

67.76

72.42

74.69

15.19

18.65

28.04

34.24

40.48

54.74

64.43

77.03

89.29

104.13

115.64

WEIGHT

WATER

(POUNDS

PER FOOT

OF PIPE)

2.50

2.36

2.07

1.87

1.54

1.07

3.78

3.62

3.20

2.86

2.35

1.80

5.00

4.81

4.29

6.39

6.18

5.50

4.98

4.47

4.02

3.38

9.72

9.54

8.67

7.88

7.09

6.33

5.61

13.97

13.75

12.51

11.29

10.30

9.16

8.16

24.06

23.61

22.47

22.17

21.70

20.77

19.78

18.83

17.59

16.68

16.10

15.80

37.39

36.95

35.76

34.96

34.20

32.35

31.13

29.53

27.96

26.06

24.59

710

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

American Pipe Flange Dimensions

ASME CLASS FLANGE DIAMETER - INCHES, PER ASME B16.1, B16.5, AND B16.24

Nominal

Pipe Size

  1.  Sizes 1 through 12-inch also apply to ASME Class 150 bronze anges.

  2.  Sizes 1 through 8-inch also apply to ASME Class 300 bronze anges.

1
1-1/4
1-1/2

2
2-1/2

3

4

5

6

8

10
12
14
16
18

20
24
30
36
42
48

125 (Cast Iron)

or 150 (Steel)

4.25

4.62

5.00

6.00

7.00

7.50

9.00

10.00

11.00

13.50

16.00

19.00

21.00

23.50

25.00

27.50

32.00

38.75

46.00

53.00

59.50

250 (Cast Iron)

(1)

or 300 (Steel)

4.88

5.25

6.12

6.50

7.50

8.25

10.00

11.00

12.50

15.00

17.50

20.50

23.00

25.50

28.00

30.50

36.00

43.00

50.00

57.00

65.00

600 900 1500 2500

(2)

4.88

5.88

5.25

6.25

6.12

7.00

6.50

8.50

7.50

9.62

8.25

9.50

11.50

13.75

15.00

18.50

21.50

24.00

25.25

27.75

31.00

33.75

41.00

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

10.50

12.25

14.75

15.50

19.00

23.00

26.50

29.50

32.50

36.00

38.75

46.00

10.75

13.00

14.00

16.50

20.00

22.00

23.75

27.00

29.25

32.00

37.00

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

5.88

6.25

7.00

8.50

9.62

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

6.25

7.25

8.00

9.25

10.50

12.00

14.00

16.50

19.00

21.75

26.50

30.00

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

American Pipe Flange Dimensions

ASME CLASS, NUMBER OF STUD BOLTS AND HOLE DIAMETER IN INCHES,

Nominal

Pipe Size

1
1-1/4
1-1/2

2
2-1/2

3

4

5

6

8

10
12
14
16
18

20
24
30
36
42
48

  1.  Sizes 1 through 12-inch also apply to ASME Class 150 bronze anges.

  2.  Sizes 1 through 8-inch also apply to ASME Class 300 bronze anges.

PER ASME B16.1, B16.5, AND B16.24

125 (Cast

Iron) or 150

(Steel)

No. Ø No. Ø No. Ø No. Ø No. Ø No. Ø

4
4
4
4
4

4
8
8
8
8

12
12
12
16
16

20
20
28
32
36
44

(1)

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.62

0.62

0.62

0.62

0.75

0.75

0.75

0.88

0.88

1.00

1.00

1.12

1.12

1.25

1.25

1.50

1.50

1.50

250 (Cast

Iron) or 300

(2)

(Steel)

4

0.62

4

0.62

4

0.75

8

0.62

8

0.75

8

0.75

8

0.75

8

0.75

12

0.75

12

0.88

16

1.00

16

1.12

20

1.12

20

1.25

24

1.25

24

1.25

24

1.50

28

1.75

32

2.00

36

2.00

40

2.00

600 900 1500 2500

4

0.62

4

0.88

4
4
4
8
8

8
8

8
12
12

12
16
16
16
16

16
16

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

0.88

0.88

1.00

0.88

1.00

1.12

1.25

1.50

1.38

1.62

1.88

2.00

2.25

2.50

2.75

3.00

3.50

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

12
12

16
20
20
20
20

24
24

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

4

0.62

4

4

0.75

8

0.62

8

0.75

8

0.75

8

0.75

8

1.00

1.00

1.12

1.25

1.25

1.38

1.50

1.62

1.62

1.88

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

4
8
8

8
8

8
12
12

16
20
20
20
20

20
20

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

0.88

1.00

0.88

1.00

0.88

0.12

1.25

1.12

1.38

1.38

1.38

1.50

1.62

1.88

2.00

2.50

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

4
4
4
8
8

8
8
8
8

12

12
12

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

0.88

1.00

1.12

1.00

1.12

1.25

1.50

1.75

2.00

2.00

2.50

2.75

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

EN 1092-1 Cast Steel Flange Standard-PN 16

(Nominal Pressure 16 bar)

NOMINAL

BORE,

mm

10
15
20
25
32

40
50
65
80

100

125
150
175
200
250

300
350
400
500
600

700
800

900
1000
1200

1400
1600
1800
2000
2200

PIPE

THICKNESS,

mm

6
6

6,5

7
7

7,5

8
8

8,5
9,5

10
11
12
12
14

15
16
18
21
23

24
26
27
29
32

34
36
39
41
43

FLANGE, mm BOLTING, mm

Outside

Diameter

90

95
105
115
140

150
165
185
200
220

250
285
315
340
405

460
520
580
715
840

910

1025
1125
1255
1485

1685
1930
2130
2345
2555

Thickness

16
16
18
18
18

18
20
18
20
20

22
22
24
24
26

28
30
32
36
40

42
42
44
46
52

58
64
68
70
74

Bolt Circle

Diameter

60
65
75
85

100

110
125
145
160
180

210
240
270
295
355

410
470
525
650
770

840

950
1050
1170
1390

1590
1820
2020
2230
2440

Number of

Bolts

4
4
4
4
4

4
4
4
8
8

8
8

8
12
12

12
16
16
20
20

24
24
28
28
32

36
40
44
48
52

Thread

M12
M12
M12
M12
M16

M16
M16
M16
M16
M16

M16
M20
M20
M20
M24

M24
M24
M27
M30
M33

M33
M36
M36
M39
M45

M45
M52
M52
M56
M56

Bolt Hole
Diameter

14
14
14
14
18

18
18
18
18
18

18
23
23
23
27

27
27
30
33
36

36
39
39
42
48

48
56
56
62
62

EN 1092-1 Cast Steel Flange Standard-PN 25

(Nominal Pressure 25 bar)

NOMINAL

BORE,

mm

10
15
20
25
32

40
50
65
80

100

125
150
175
200
250

300
350
400
500
600

700
800

900
1000
1200

1400
1600
1800
2000

PIPE

THICKNESS,

mm

6
6

6,5

7
7

7,5

8

8,5

9

10

11
12
12
12
14

15
16
18
21
23

24
26
27
29
32

34
37
40
43

FLANGE, mm BOLTING, mm

Outside

Diameter

90

95
105
115
140

150
165
185
200
235

270
300
330
360
425

485
555
620
730
845

960

1085
1185
1320
1530

1755
1975
2195
2425

Thickness

16
16
18
18
18

18
20
22
24
24

26
28
28
30
32

34
38
40
44
46

50
54
58
62
70

76
84
90
96

Bolt Circle

Diameter

60
65
75
85

100

110
125
145
160
190

220
250
280
310
370

430
490
550
660
770

875

990
1090
1210
1420

1640
1860
2070
2300

Number of

Bolts

4
4
4
4
4

4
4
8
8
8

8

8
12
12
12

16
16
16
20
20

24
24
28
28
32

36
40
44
48

Thread

M12
M12
M12
M12
M16

M16
M16
M16
M16
M20

M24
M24
M24
M24
M27

M27
M30
M33
M33
M36

M39
M45
M45
M52
M52

M56
M56
M64
M64

Bolt Hole
Diameter

14
14
14
14
18

18
18
18
18
23

27
27
27
27
30

30
33
36
36
39

42
48
48
56
56

62
62
70
70

711

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

EN 1092-1 Cast Steel Flange Standard–PN 40

(Nominal Pressure 40 Bar)

NOMINAL

BORE,

mm

10
15
20
25
32

40
50
65
80

100

125
150
175
200
250

300
350
400
450
500

600
700
800
900

1000

1200
1400
1600

PIPE

THICKNESS,

mm

6
6

6,5

7
7

7,5

8

8,5

9

10

11
12
13
14
16

17
19
21
21
21

24
27
30
33
36

42
47
54

FLANGE, mm BOLTING, mm

Outside

Diameter

90

95
105
115
140

150
165
185
200
235

270
300
350
375
450

515
580
660
685
755

890
995

1140
1250
1360

1575
1795
2025

Thickness

16
16
18
18
18

18
20
22
24
24

26
28
32
34
38

42
46
50
50
52

60
64
72
76
80

88
98

108

Bolt Circle

Diameter

60
65
75
85

100

110
125
145
160
190

220
250
295
320
385

450
510
585
610
670

795

900
1030
1140
1250

1460
1680
1900

Number of

Bolts

4
4
4
4
4

4
4
8
8
8

8

8
12
12
12

16
16
16
20
20

20
24
24
28
28

32
36
40

Thread

M12
M12
M12
M12
M16

M16
M16
M16
M16
M20

M24
M24
M27
M27
M30

M30
M33
M36
M36
M39

M45
M45
M52
M52
M52

M56
M56
M64

Bolt Hole
Diameter

14
14
14
14
18

18
18
18
18
23

27
27
30
30
33

33
36
39
39
42

48
48
56
56
56

62
62
70

EN 1092-1 Cast Steel Flange Standard–PN 63

(Nominal Pressure 63 Bar)

NOMINAL

BORE,

mm

10
15
25
32
40

50
65

80
100
125

150
175
200
250
300

350
400
500
600
700

800
900

1000
1200

PIPE

THICKNESS,

mm

10
10
10
12
10

10
10
11
12
13

14
15
16
19
21

23
26
31
35
40

45
50
55
64

FLANGE, mm BOLTING, mm

Outside

Diameter

100
105
140
155
170

180
205
215
250
295

345
375
415
470
530

600
670
800
930

1045

1165
1285
1415
1665

Thickness

20
20
24
24
28

26
26
28
30
34

36
40
42
46
52

56
60
68
76
84

92

98
108
126

Bolt Circle

Diameter

70

75
100
110
125

135
160
170
200
240

280
310
345
400
460

525
585
705
820
935

1050
1170
1290
1530

Number of

Bolts

4
4
4
4
4

4
8
8
8
8

8
12
12
12
16

16
16
20
20
24

24
28
28
32

Thread

M12
M12
M16
M20
M20

M20
M20
M20
M24
M27

M30
M30
M33
M33
M33

M36
M39
M45
M52
M52

M56
M56
M64

M72X6

Bolt Hole

Diameter

14
14
18
23
22

22
22
22
26
30

33
33
36
36
36

39
42
48
56
56

62
62
70
78

EN 1092-1 Cast Steel Flange Standard—PN 100 (Nominal Pressure 100 Bar)

NOMINAL

BORE,

mm

10
15
25
32
40

50
65

80
100
125

PIPE

THICKNESS,

mm

10
10
10
12
10

10
11
12
14
16

FLANGE, mm BOLTING, mm

Outside

Diameter

100
105
140
155
170

195
220
230
265
315

Thickness

20
20
24
24
28

30
34
36
40
40

Bolt Circle

Diameter

70

75
100
110
125

145
170
180
210
250

Number

of Bolts

NOMINAL

BORE,

Bolt Hole

Thread

Diameter

4

M12

4

M12

4

M16

4

M20

4

M20

4

M24

8

M24

8

M24

8

M27

8

M30

14
14
18
23
22

26
26
26
30
33

mm

150
175
200
250
300

350
400
500
600
700

THICKNESS,

EN 1092-1 Pressure/Temperature Ratings for Cast Steel Flanges

PN

16

25

40

63

100

1.  These ratings apply only for ange types 05, 11, 12, 13, and 21 having nominal sizes up and including DN 600.

MATERIAL

GROUP

1C1 232 (16,0) 226 (15,6) 219 (15,1) 209 (14,4) 194 (13,4) 186 (12,8) 180 (12,4) 157 (10,8)

1C2 218 (15,0) 218 (15,0) 218 (15,0) 225 (15,5) 216 (14,9) 206 (14,2) 199 (13,7) 157 (10,8)

1C1 363 (25,0) 354 (24,4) 344 (23,7) 326 (22,5) 303 (20,9) 290 (20,0) 281 (19,4) 245 (16,9)

1C2 363 (25,0) 363 (25,0) 363 (25,0) 363 (25,0) 338 (23,3) 322 (22,2) 310 (21,4) 245 (16,9)

1C1 580 (40,0) 567 (39,1) 550 (37,9) 522 (36,0) 486 (33,5) 463 (31,9) 451 (31,1) 392 (27,0)

1C2 580 (40,0) 580 (40,0) 580 (40,0) 580 (40,0) 540 (37,2) 516 (35,6) 496 (34,2) 392 (27,0)

1C1 914 (63,0) 892 (61,5) 864 (59,6) 824 (56,8) 764 (52,7) 730 (50,3) 711 (49,0) 616 (42,5)

1C2 914 (63,0) 914 (63,0) 914 (63,0) 914 (63,0) 851 (58,7) 812 (56,0) 780 (53,8) 616 (42,5)

1C1 1450 (100) 1417 (97,7) 1374 (94,7) 1307 (90,1) 1252 (86,3) 1157 (79,8) 1128 (77,8) 979 (67,5)

1C2 1450 (100) 1450 (100) 1450 (100) 1450 (100) 1350 (93,1) 1289 (88,9) 1239 (85,4) 979 (67,5)

14 to 212°F

(-10 to 100°C)

302°F

(150°C)

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE PRESSURE, PSIG (bar)

392°F

(200°C)

482°F

(250°C)

PIPE

mm

18
20
21
25
29

32
36
44
51
59

Outside

Diameter

1145

572°F

(300°C)

FLANGE, mm BOLTING, mm

355
385
430
505
585

655
715
870
990

Thickness

44
48
52
60
68

74
78

94
104
120

(1)

662°F

(350°C)

Bolt Circle

Diameter

290
320
360
430
500

560
620
760
875

1020

Number
of Bolts

12
12
12
12
16

16
16
20
20
24

707°F

(375°C)

Thread

M30
M30
M33
M36
M39

M45
M45
M52
M56
M64

Bolt Hole
Diameter

752°F

(400°C)

33
33
36
39
42

48
48
56
62
70

Te c h n i c a l

Conversions, Equivalents, and Physical Data

Drill Sizes for Pipe Taps

NOMINAL PIPE
SIZE, (INCHES)

1/8 11/32 1-1/2 1-23/32

1/4 7/16 2 2-3/16

3/8 19/32 2-1/2 2-9/16

1/2 23/32 3 3-3/16

3/4 15/16 4 4-3/16

1 1-5/32 5 5-5/16

1-1/4 1-1/2 6 6-5/16

DESIGNATION DIAMETER (IN.) AREA (SQ. IN.) DESIGNATION DIAMETER (IN.) AREA (SQ. IN.) DESIGNATION DIAMETER (IN.) AREA (SQ. IN.)

1/2
31/64
15/32
29/64

7/16

27/64

Z

13/32

Y
Z

25/64

W

V

3/8

U

23/64

T
S

11/32

R

Q

21/64

P
O

5/16

N

19/64

M
L

9/32

K

J
I

H

17/64

G
F

E 1/4

D
C

B

15/64

A
1
2

7/32 0.2188 0.03758 41 0.0960 0.00724 - - - - - - - - - - - -

  Note: Designations are in fractions of an inch, in standard twist drill letters, or in standard twist drill numbers, the latter being the same as steel wire gauge numbers.

0.5000

0.4844

0.4688

0.4531

0.4375

0.4219

0.413

0.4063

0.404

0.397

0.3906

0.386

0.377

0.375

0.368

0.3594

0.358

0.348

0.3438

0.339

0.332

0.3281

0.323

0.316

0.3125

0.302

0.2969

0.295

0.29

0.2813

0.281

0.277

0.272

0.266

0.2656

0.261

0.257

0.2500

0.246

0.242

0.238

0.2344

0.234

0.228

0.221

0.1963

0.1843

0.1726

0.1613

0.1503

0.1398

0.1340

0.1296

0.1282

0.1238

0.1198

0.1170

0.1116

0.1104

0.1064

0.1014

0.1006

0.09511

0.09281

0.09026

0.08657

0.08456

0.08194

0.07843

0.07670

0.07163

0.06922

0.06835

0.06605

0.06213

0.06202

0.06026

0.05811

0.05557

0.05542

0.05350

0.05187

0.04909

0.04753

0.04600

0.04449

0.04314

0.04301

0.04083

0.03836

TAP DRILL SIZE,

(INCHES)

Standard Twist Drill Sizes

3
4
5
6

13/64

7
8

9
10
11

12

3/16

13
14
15

16
17

11/64

18
19

20
21
22

5/32

23

24
25
26
27

9/64

28
29
30

1/8

31

32
33
34
35

7/64

36
37
38
39
40

0.213

0.209

0.2055

0.204

0.2031

0.201

0.199

0.196

0.1935

0.191

0.189

0.1875

0.185

0.182

0.1800

0.1770

0.1730

0.1719

0.1695

0.1660

0.1610

0.1590

0.1570

0.1563

0.1540

0.1520

0.1495

0.1470

0.1440

0.1406

0.1405

0.1360

0.1285

0.1250

0.1200

0.1160

0.1130

0.1110

0.1100

0.1094

0.1065

0.1040

0.1015

0.0995

0.0980

NOMINAL PIPE
SIZE, (INCHES)

0.03563

0.03431

0.03317

0.03269

0.03241

0.03173

0.03110

0.03017

0.02940

0.02865

0.02806

0.02861

0.02688

0.02602

0.02554

0.02461

0.02351

0.02320

0.02256

0.02164

0.02036

0.01986

0.01936

0.01917

0.01863

0.01815

0.01755

0.01697

0.01629

0.01553

0.01549

0.01453

0.01296

0.01227

0.01131

0.01057

0.01003

0.00968

0.00950

0.00940

0.00891

0.00849

0.00809

0.00778

0.00754

3/32

42
43
44
45

46
47

5/64

48
49

50
51
52

1/16

53

54
55

3/64

56
57

58
59
60
61
62

63
64
65
66
67

1/32

68
69
70
71

72
73
74
75
76

77
78

1/64

79
80

TAP DRILL SIZE,

(INCHES)

0.0938

0.0935

0.0890

0.0860

0.0820

0.0810

0.0785

0.0781

0.0760

0.0730

0.0700

0.0670

0.0635

0.0625

0.0595

0.0550

0.0520

0.0473

0.0465

0.0430

0.0420

0.0410

0.0400

0.039

0.038

0.037

0.036

0.035

0.033

0.032

0.0313

0.031

0.0292

0.028

0.026

0.025

0.024

0.0225

0.021

0.020

0.018

0.016

0.0156

0.0145

0.0135

0.00690

0.00687

0.00622

0.00581

0.00528

0.00515

0.00484

0.00479

0.00454

0.00419

0.00385

0.00353

0.00317

0.00307

0.00278

0.00238

0.00212

0.00173

0.001698

0.001452

0.001385

0.001320

0.001257

0.001195

0.001134

0.001075

0.001018

0.000962

0.000855

0.000804

0.000765

0.000755

0.000670

0.000616

0.000531

0.000491

0.000452

0.000398

0.000346

0.000314

0.000254

0.000201

0.000191

0.000165

0.000143

712