First Light C-RED One User Manual

Title: C-RED One USER MANUAL

Document: C-RED ONE USERMANUAL_20181207 Issue: 002 Classification: PUBLIC

Page : 1 Date : 11/12/2018

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C-RED One

User Manual

C-RED One UserManual_20181207.docx

Title: C-RED One USER MANUAL

Document: C-RED ONE USERMANUAL_20181207 Issue: 002 Classification: PUBLIC

Page : 2 Date : 11/12/2018

First Light Imaging SAS au Capital de 85 000 euros | 533 716 817 RCS Aix-en-Provence | TVA : FR78 533 716 817

Table:

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 5

Caution ..................................................................................................................................................... 5

Overview ................................................................................................................................................... 5

Disposal ................................................................................................................................................... 6

2. WARNINGS .......................................................................................................................... 7

Vacuum .................................................................................................................................................... 7

Vacuum control and getter regeneration ................................................................................................ 7

Never open your camera ......................................................................................................................... 7

Power circuitry ......................................................................................................................................... 7

Cooling water ........................................................................................................................................... 7

3. CONTENTS OF PACKAGE .................................................................................................... 8

4. DESCRIPTION AND TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................ 9

e-APD Sensor .......................................................................................................................................... 9

4.1.1. Introduction to ME 1000 and main features. .................................................................................... 9

4.1.2. Spectral response at 80K ............................................................................................................... 10

Camera Specification and performances .............................................................................................. 11

4.2.1. C-RED One ...................................................................................................................................... 11

4.2.2. Mechanical and optical interfaces .................................................................................................. 11

Description and Minimum Specifications for accessories .................................................................... 14

4.3.1. Power Input .................................................................................................................................... 14

4.3.2. Cooling ............................................................................................................................................ 14

4.3.3. Data................................................................................................................................................. 15

4.3.4. List of tested and recommended grabbers .................................................................................... 16

5. INSTALLATION / CAMERA START UP ............................................................................... 17

Connecting your camera ........................................................................................................................ 17

5.1.1. Cooling Hoses ................................................................................................................................. 17

5.1.2. Camera Link cables ........................................................................................................................ 18

5.1.3. Power LEMO cable: powering up the camera ................................................................................ 18

Powering down ...................................................................................................................................... 19

Title: C-RED One USER MANUAL

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6. OPERATION ....................................................................................................................... 20

Powering up the camera. ....................................................................................................................... 20

Getter operation ..................................................................................................................................... 20

Acquiring images ................................................................................................................................... 21

Detector Geometry ................................................................................................................................. 21

6.4.1. Pixel format .................................................................................................................................... 22

6.4.2. Cropping mode ............................................................................................................................... 22

CameraLink data format........................................................................................................................ 25

6.5.1. ROI transmission. ........................................................................................................................... 25

6.5.1.1. Single region of interest. ......................................................................................................... 26

6.5.1.2. Multiple regions of interest. .................................................................................................... 26

6.5.2. Issuing commands to the camera – How to ................................................................................... 27

Basic parameters .................................................................................................................................. 28

6.6.1. Sensor Cooling ............................................................................................................................... 28

6.6.2. Adjusting Frame rate / Exposure ................................................................................................... 28

6.6.3. Adjusting e-APD gain ...................................................................................................................... 28

7. CAMERA OPERATING MODES ........................................................................................... 29

Global Reset ........................................................................................................................................... 29

7.1.1. Single Read ..................................................................................................................................... 29

7.1.2. Correlated Double Sampling .......................................................................................................... 29

7.1.3. Multiple Non-destructive reads ..................................................................................................... 30

7.1.4. Note for Global reset modes .......................................................................................................... 30

Rolling reset........................................................................................................................................... 31

7.2.1. Rolling reset single ........................................................................................................................ 31

7.2.2. Rolling reset nreadout .................................................................................................................... 32

7.2.3. Rolling Reset IOTA readout ............................................................................................................ 33

Synchronization ..................................................................................................................................... 35

7.3.1. Cable Assembly .............................................................................................................................. 35

7.3.2. Synchro connection ........................................................................................................................ 36

7.3.3. Output : FVAL .................................................................................................................................. 37

7.3.4. Output: LVAL ................................................................................................................................... 38

Bias Correction ...................................................................................................................................... 38

8. DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS FONCTIONS .......................................................................... 39

Title: C-RED One USER MANUAL

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Commands format detail ....................................................................................................................... 43

SSH configuration .................................................................................................................................. 44

9. PRECAUTIONS AND MAINTENANCE ................................................................................ 45

Precaution of use ................................................................................................................................... 45

9.1.1. Static / electric shocks: .................................................................................................................. 45

9.1.2. Heating / cooling:............................................................................................................................ 45

9.1.3. Warning: Getter Temperature: ....................................................................................................... 45

Operational environment ....................................................................................................................... 46

Maintenance ........................................................................................................................................... 46

9.3.1. Never open the camera. ................................................................................................................. 46

9.3.2. Cleaning of window. ........................................................................................................................ 46

9.3.3. Storage. .......................................................................................................................................... 46

9.3.4. Vacuum control and getter regeneration ....................................................................................... 46

10. WARRANTY AND LIABILITY ............................................................................................... 47

For the USA ........................................................................................................................................ 47

10.1.1. Limited Warranty ............................................................................................................................ 47

10.1.2. Conditions ....................................................................................................................................... 47

10.1.3. Warranty Enforcement ................................................................................................................... 47

10.1.4. Returns ........................................................................................................................................... 48

10.1.4.1. Liability Upon Delivery............................................................................................................. 48

10.1.4.2. Products Offered “As Is” ......................................................................................................... 48

10.1.4.3. No Other Warranties ............................................................................................................... 48

10.1.4.4. Limitation of Liability ............................................................................................................... 48

10.1.5. Purchaser Warranties .................................................................................................................... 48

10.1.6. Purchaser Indemnification ............................................................................................................. 48

For the rest of the World .................................................................................................................... 49

10.2.1. FLI’s legal guarantee and limit to the guarantee ........................................................................... 49

10.2.2. FLI’s liability ................................................................................................................................... 49

10.2.3. Liability in connection with defective products .............................................................................. 49

11. CONTACTS ......................................................................................................................... 50

For the USA: ....................................................................................................................................... 50

For the rest of the world: ................................................................................................................... 50

Title: C-RED One USER MANUAL

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1. INTRODUCTION

Thank you for choosing C-RED One!

C-RED One features and performances are described in detail within this User Manual. This User Manual contains all information and advice needed to get the optimum performance from C-RED One. You can also find an up-to-date version of this User Manual on our website:

www.first-light-imaging.com/usermanuals

Please contact our support, should you have any question, at support@first-light.fr.

Caution

Your C-RED One camera contains fragile components, especially the e-APD detector.

This User Manual describes precisely how to handle your material properly and to avoid accidents.

Please follow the instructions of use in order to take advantage of all C-RED One performances. Please read carefully the warnings in section 2 and follow the safety precautions in order to avoid any personal injury or damage when using the camera.

Overview

C-RED One is a state-of-the-art liquid-cooled high-speed, high-sensitivity, ultra-low noise camera for challenging scientific applications.

Equipped with an e-APD MCT (Avalanche Photo Diode Mercury Cadmium Telluride) detector, C-RED One takes more than 3500 images per second at the full 320x256 resolution of its 24µm pixels. It has a Camera Link® Full connectivity for low-latency output and can achieve single photon detection with extremely low noise of less than 1e with gain.

Your C-RED One camera contains fragile components, especially the detector. Please always handle your camera with care.

Always follow the instructions for use.

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Disposal

C-RED One’s sensor contains specific material such as Mercury and Cadmium, which are concerned by the RoHS rules. However, C-RED one is exempted from RoHS limitation, cf Annex 4.1.c., “Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2011 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment Text with EEA relevance”.

In case of disposal, do not throw your camera in waste disposal and send it back to First

Light Imaging

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2. WARNINGS

Vacuum

Your camera is under vacuum. Do not open your camera.

Opening your camera to atmospheric pressure may lead to permanent damage.

Vacuum control and getter regeneration

Your camera uses a getter pump. The camera must be turned on at least once a month to check the vacuum. If the camera indicates “Poor Vacuum” or “Faulty Vacuum”, the getter must be regenerated. However, be careful, the camera could switch in « locked » mode if more than 4 regenerations are done within 48 hours, and it will be put in safe mode at the fifth attempt if there is less than 48 hours with the first one.

Note: Firmware before release 2.0.0 were more restrictive. It allowed 2 regenerations within 48 hours and locked the camera at the third attempt if there was less than 48 hours with the first one.

To ensure the best operation of your camera, check the vacuum at least once a month

Never open your camera

Do not ever attempt to open your camera. There are indicators inside the camera,

If you try to open it your warranty will be void.

Power circuitry

Use the camera with the voltage indicated. Using a different voltage may damage your camera and lead to fire or electric shock.

Always use the supplied power unit.

Cooling water

Be sure that the cooling system is correctly connected before turning on the camera and check that no leaks are visible.

Any operation without water cooling can damage permanently the camera.

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3. CONTENTS OF PACKAGE

When you open the package, please check that all items described below are included:

C-RED One

Camera

Power Supply

User Manual printed

Staubli female connectors

LEMO Cables for external trigger

USB Key with User Manual + Demo

software + Test report

Note 1: The cooling unit and personal computer can be bought separately. Any reference is compatible with respect of the minimum requirements (see section 4).

Note 2: The softwares are available on demand.

Note 3: Items may differ from pictures.

Note 4: If you bought your C-RED One system together with the cooling unit, please refer to the cooling unit instructions before handling the cooling unit (see section 4 for minimum requirements).

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4. DESCRIPTION AND TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

e-APD Sensor

4.1.1. Introduction to ME 1000 and main features.

Designed and fabricated by SELEX, the SAPHIRA detector is designed for high speed infrared applications and is the result of a development program alongside the European Southern Observatory on sensors for astronomical instruments. It delivers world leading photon sensitivity of <1 photon rms with Fowler sampling and high speed non-destructive readout (>10K frame/s). Saphira is an HgCdTe avalanche photodiode (APD) array incorporating a full custom ROIC for applications in the 1 to 2.5 µm range.

The SAPHIRA detector uses the HgCdTe APD properties, offering sub-electron noise with multiplication gain up to x400. The pixel format is 320x256 pixels with 15fF integration node capacitance (28fF with HgCdTe diode). The array has 32 parallel video outputs, organized as 32 sequential pixels in row. The 32 outputs are arranged in such a way that the full multiplex advantage is available also for small sub-windows. Non-destructive readout schemes with subpixel sampling are possible. This reduces the readout noise at high APD gain well below the sub-electron level at frame rates of 1 KHz. The growth technology used now is the metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). This growth technology provides more flexibility for the design of diode structures. It is possible to make heterojunctions with different bandgap properties between the absorption region and the multiplication region. The change to MOVPE resulted in a dramatic improvement in the cosmetic quality with 99.97 % operable pixels at an operating temperature of 85K. The avalanche gain is controlled by an external voltage. The digital and analog functions are controlled by a serial interface. The readout of SAPHIRA allows to read multiple windows, each independently resettable. Glow protection and APD protection circuit are also included.

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4.1.2. Spectral response at 80K

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Camera Specification and performances

4.2.1. C-RED One

Test Measurement

Unit

C-RED One

Mean Readout noise at 3500 fps and multiplication gain

100 with optimized filters

<0.5

Quantization

Bits

Dark Signal at 3500 fps at 80k

e/pixel/frame

0.03

Detector operating Temperature

°C

80K

Peak Quantum Efficiency at 1550 nm % 70

Image full well capacity at gain X1

80 000

Latency between exposure and first pixel availability

µs

4.2.2. Mechanical and optical interfaces

The C-RED One camera is designed to deliver the best precision possible regarding the optical alignment of the sensor.

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Title: C-RED One USER MANUAL

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Title: C-RED One USER MANUAL

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Description and Minimum Specifications for accessories

4.3.1. Power Input

C-RED One requires a single power supply. Power supply should provide a stable 24V DC, with at least 18 A of current available. Thus, a 24V, 600W power supply or above is adequate to power C-RED One. The mating connector is a LEMO

FGG.1B.306 series. Cabling is shown Figure 1.

C-RED One power connector cabling

Always use the provided power supply.

4.3.2. Cooling

To achieve its nominal performance, the C-RED One camera requires liquid cooling. The camera has its own internal thermal regulation that cools the detector down to 80K.

Parameters

Value

Flow

3 liters per minute minimum

Pressure

10 bars maximum

Temperature

35°C maximum

Liquid Ethylen Glycol aqueous solution (concentration max: 50%)

Distilled water or deionized water if liquid temperature is > 5°C

Cooling capacity

400 W minimum

Heat is evacuated by circulating a cooling fluid through the two rear connectors Ref. Staubli CBI06.7151/IA, mating connectors are Ref. Staubli CBI06.1810/IA/VP. The water temperature is monitored by the camera. If, for any reason, the camera detects a water temperature above 50°C, the camera switches to safe mode. It will occur if you forget to switch on the water cooling for example.

Be sure that the cooling system is correctly connected.

C-RED One Female power

4 5 6

+24V DC

GND

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4.3.3. Data

The C-RED One data connection uses the Camera Link® standard to handle all communications. The camera uses the Camera Link Full interface that requires two data cables. The C-RED One connectors are 2 female SDR-26 Mini Camera Link® . Connectors are numbered 1 and 2. Connector 1 is the one at the top of the camera as shown. If the cables are cross-connected the camera will fail to send data properly but it doesn’t have any harmful effect on the camera nor the grabber.

The C-RED One firmware communicates with the user through the serial line embedded in the Camera Link® cables. Usually the driver for the Frame grabber will expose the serial line of the Camera Link® standard as a virtual COM port on the acquisition system.

Please note that our cameras have been developed and tested with specific grabbers, and that we highly recommend using these grabbers. Any malfunctions related to the use of a non-certified grabber will not be supported by First Light Imaging

Camera Link® Output

CL1

CL2

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Camera Link® COM port mapping

In order to communicate both ways with the camera said COM port should be set to: 115200 Bauds, 8 bits, No parity, 1 Stop bit.

4.3.4. List of tested and recommended grabbers

-TELEDYNE DALSA PCX Xcelera-cl px8 full

-MATROX: Radient eV-cl full

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5. INSTALLATION / CAMERA START UP

Connecting your camera

5.1.1. Cooling Hoses

C-RED One coolant connectors

Insert the male connector into the socket until it locks in place. There should be an audible ‘click’ and the connector should not move until released by pushing the ring on the female (camera) side.

Coolant connectors in place

Once cooling connectors have been correctly inserted, the coolant circulation can be turned on, and the user should check that no leaks are visible. Refer to the cooling unit user manual to ensure a proper operation. Be sure that the cooling is on before turning on the camera.

Any operation without water cooling can damage permanently the camera.

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5.1.2. Camera Link cables

Once the camera is properly cooled the Camera Link® connectors should be plugged and fastened.

The Camera Link® connections should be plugged or unplugged camera off. It is recommended to turn the acquisition computer ON before turning on the camera.

Note: Unlike the coolant connectors, the Camera Link® cables are numbered. Connector 1 should go to the top of the camera, and connector 2 at the bottom. Connectors can be plugged in any order but reversing the order (i.e. plugging camera output 1 to grabber input 2 and vice-versa) will prevent camera operation.

Camera Link® SDR-26 connector and cable

5.1.3. Power LEMO cable: powering up the camera

Once the camera has been connected to the cooling system and data acquisition, it is possible to power up the camera.

Plug firstly the LEMO power connector to the camera and then the power unit to the line

plug.

Before plugging the connectors to the power unit, it is important to check that the power is 24V, and that the electric current is maximum (turn the button clockwise to the maximum until there is a bump)

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Setup Powering unit

The camera is on. The camera power usage varies, with regard to the cooling required. Without cooling the camera requires 24 Watts of power. With cooling the figure can rise up to 240 Watts.

Plugging the LEMO cable

Powering down

Turn the Pulse Tube off: command « set cooling off » Turn the power off Unplug the LEMO connector.

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6. OPERATION

Powering up the camera.

You can see the diode signal through the synchro connectors holes

Once the camera is powered up, the system boots. Once the diode blinks green, the camera is ready. Type “set cooling on” to cool it down or press the cooling button on the demo GUI software, and wait for 60”. During the cooling process the diode blinks white. When the requested temperature is reached, the camera begins to acquire images, the diode blinks purple.

Getter operation

When the pressure inside the cryostat is 5.10¯3 millibars, the vacuum system needs to be regenerated, and this will be indicated by the GUI. From 5.10¯3 to 2.10¯2 millibars, it is highly recommended to regenerate the getter. The camera is in « Poor vacuum » state on startup. To continue to use the camera anyways, press « continue » on the GUI. The camera can still be used, but because of the poor vacuum, the pulse tube consumption increases. If possible, it is better to pump the camera before (up to 10-5mb) and during the getter regeneration. However, it is not mandatory, a simple getter regeneration can be done to restore the vacuum.

Above 2.10¯2 millibars, on startup, the camera stops in the state: « Faulty Vacuum ». A vacuum regeneration is mandatory. The camera must be pumped before getter regeneration. The pressure is now too high to regenerate directly the getter. At the end of the regeneration, the GUI will inform the user.

Camera Vacuum Management

Atmospheric

Pressure

High Vacuum

2.10¯2

5.10¯3

Faulty Vacuum

Poor Vacuum

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Note: Some cameras don’t have a valve. If you are in this case, please contact First Light Imaging at

contact@first-light.fr.

Also, firmware before release 2.0.0 were more restrictive: the poor vacuum was 10-4 mb and the faulty vacuum 10-3 mb.

These previous thresholds were unnecessarily too low. There is no cooling difference up to 5.10-3 mb.

Camera needs to be water cooled to regenerate the vacuum system.

Acquiring images

At boot, the C-RED One camera self-checks and waits for command to cool down. The boot procedure takes about 30 seconds.

When operating temperature is reached, C-RED One starts acquiring images in normal mode (Global Reset Full Frame @3500FPS), with unity gain. Then for further starts up, it begins in last selected mode and at full speed.

The C-RED One camera running in standalone mode, without external sync, continually acquires images at the set speed.

By default, speed is 3500 fps, corresponding to 285 µs exposure time. The user can set the acquisition speed to any value between this speed and 0.02 fps (50 seconds exposure time).

When the camera reaches the 80K setpoint, it can make images straight away. However, to get the lowest background, it is recommended to wait one additional hour. Indeed, the cold filters in front of the detector cool down more slowly than the sensor itself.

Detector Geometry

The SAPHIRA sensor has a 320 x 256 Diode Array and 32 buffered analog outputs. The pixel clock of the sensor is set to 10MHz, which allows a read-out speed about 640Mpixels.s

-1

32 adjacent pixels are sent every clock tick in such a way 10 pixel clock ticks are required to read one line of the sensor on full frame mode.

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Sensor Geometry

Sensor Output. Pixels are read from left to right and up to down.

The sensor can finally be seen as an array of 10 x 256 blocks of 32 pixels.

6.4.1. Pixel format

C-RED One digitizes the signal from the sensor with 16-bit precision. The pixel values are in unsigned format and range from 0 to 65535 ADUs.

6.4.2. Cropping mode

It is possible to select one or multiple regions of interest on the sensor. Data are sent from left to right and up to down. To select a region, a line and a column must be selected. The intersection of both of them will be readout.

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Cropping example

Sensor Output. Pixels are read from left to right and from up to down.

This selection method implies that if the user needs to select a second region, 4 regions will be finally readout

Red and green parts are initially selected. Orange parts will also be readout.

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Sensor output.

The reset region selection method is the same as the interest region selection. But eventually, the Reset Region can be different from the Readout region.

Reset

Region

Two different regions are defined. Only the first one is reset.

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Camera Link® data format

C-RED One uses the Camera Link® Full interface that requires two data cables. Data are transmitted with a standard protocol using 4 taps of 16 bits width. With this configuration, pixels are sent 4 by 4 through the Camera Link® and the Camera Link® Pixel Clock will be at 80MHz.

Print Screen of Intellicam software from Matrox

6.5.1. ROI transmission.

As seen earlier, it is possible to choose a specific region of interest on the sensor.

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6.5.1.1. Single region of interest.

If only one region is selected, it is possible to immediately fit the Camera Link® standard by choosing the right resolution. The third-party frame grabber will be able to automatically handle the video stream.

Only one region is selected. The Frame Grabber has to be set to a resolution of 96x4 pixels

Note: Using Matrox acquisition board, you actually need to set x to 24(=96/4) because pixels are sent 4 by 4

6.5.1.2. Multiple regions of interest.

If two or more regions are selected, they are concatenated in a single square and the third-party frame grabber will still handle the video stream easily.

4 regions on the sensor will be seen as a single image.

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6.5.2. Issuing commands to the camera – How to

C-RED One firmware communicates with the user through the serial line embedded in the Camera Link® cables. Usually the driver for the frame grabber will expose the serial line of the Camera Link® standard as a virtual COM port on the acquisition system. See below an example for Dalsa Teledyne Xcelera-CL PX4 board.

Camera Link® COM port mapping for Xcelera PX4 board

List of tested and recommended grabbers:

-TELEDYNE DALSA PCX Xcelera-cl px8 full

-MATROX: Radient eV-cl full

In order to communicate both ways, the serial line must be configured with the following settings: 115200 Bauds, 8 bits, No parity, 1 Stop bit

The commands of the camera are sent as ascii characters sequence ended with '\n' (Carriage Return).

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This is why the FLI "CRED1 DEMO" software can be used to send commands but also any terminal software, like putty for example.

However, in addition of commands, bias/flat images can be sent to the camera too. These images are sent through the serial link and Ethernet. To send these images, the FLI "CRED1 DEMO" software must be used.

There is more information about First Light Imaging’s software in CRED1DEMO_usermanual.pdf.

Basic parameters

This section covers adjusting fundamental image parameters such as gain and frame rate.

6.6.1. Sensor Cooling

At first type “set cooling on” to start the cooling of sensor. Type “temperature” to know what the temperature of the sensor is. Type “set cooling off” to stop the cooling process.

temperature set cooling on

set cooling off

Gives the current temperatures of the camera Turns the cooling down of the camera on,

Turns the cooling of the camera off

« set cooling on » does not activate the external water cooling system. It is the responsibility to the user to provide sufficient water cooling to the camera. Failing to provide external water cooling may damage permanently the camera.

6.6.2. Adjusting Frame rate / Exposure

To change the rate at which C-RED One acquires images, the camera must be issued an ‘fps’ command. Syntax is ‘set fps

nnn

’ where

nnn

is the requested speed in frames per second.

Accepted range is 1 to 3500 Hz.

6.6.3. Adjusting e-APD gain

The e-APD gain on the C-RED One camera is factory calibrated for operation at temperature of 80K.

The requested gain can be adjusted by issuing the ‘set gain nnn’ command.

The gain can be freely adjusted by the user in the range from 1 (unity gain) to 500 by steps of 1.

At powerup the camera operates at unity gain.

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7. CAMERA OPERATING MODES

Global Reset

The global Reset mode allows the user to select a reset width from 8 to 64 clock periods. A delay time between the end of the reset and the first frame demand can be adjusted. For each mode, it is possible to select a sub-window of the array to increase the frame rate.

7.1.1. Single Read

The entire frame is read once then reset immediately. The integration time is the time between two frames demands. It is limited by the Readout time of the frame.

Global Reset Single read operation

7.1.2. Correlated Double Sampling

The entire frame is read immediately after a frame demand then reset and automatically read again. The result of the CDS processing is the difference between those two frames and gives a flow in e-/frame. The maximum speed is twice lower than the maximum frame rate in single read mode.

Correlated Double Sampling mode

C-RED One can deliver raw frames or the processed one every two frames by selecting the parameter “Raw” or not.

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7.1.3. Multiple Non-destructive reads

The multiple non-destructive mode starts with a reset period and then a user specified number of frames are read and delivered at maximum speed. It’s a burst mode.

Correlated Double Sampling mode.

C-RED One can deliver raw frames or the result of the subtract of the last frame minus the second one by selecting the parameter “Raw” or not.

7.1.4. Note for Global reset modes

The global reset is done without shutter, so the upper part of the image is always a little darker than the lower part because the light is still being integrated on the lower part, while the upper part is being read. However, when CDS mode is used (reset frame subtracted from integrated frame), as the reset frame is acquired the same way, the exposure time for all the pixels is the same. The pixels exposure is only slightly time shifted. The time shift between 2 pixels is the time to read all the pixels between these 2 pixels. The time shift max is between the first and the last pixel and for this case it is the readout time. The same explanation is also valid for the Multiple Non-destructive reads where the second frame is subtracted from the last one. This behaviour also exists for rolling reset mode, but the line readout is so fast that it is indistinguishable.

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Rolling reset

7.2.1. Rolling reset single

The rolling reset mode reset the array line per line.

Rolling reset single

The rolling reset mode is slightly slower than the global reset, because for each line, extra pixel clocks are used to go back to the beginning of the line, reset the line and go to the next line.

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7.2.2. Rolling reset Nreadout

Rolling reset Nreadout is an improvement of the rolling reset mode. It allows to read the same line several times before the reset and after the reset.

Rolling reset Nreadout (with N=2 on this example).

When this mode is used, the camera sends a raw image where a line is compounded of several ‘row width’ lines separated by invalid pixels. There are 32 invalid pixels between the multiple line readouts and 64 invalid pixels between the last integrated line readout and the first reset line readout. Invalid pixels are by bunch of 32 pixels because the sensor is read using 32 outputs. To remove the reset offset from the integrated image (CDS), the frame (N-1) reset images must be subtracted from the frame N integrated images. Thanks to possible multiple readout without readout during the integration time (=between the after-reset images and before-integration images), fowler sampling is possible. What is unusual is simply that (N-1) et N raw frames must be used to do so.

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7.2.3. Rolling Reset IOTA readout

The rolling reset mode called IOTA is a burst mode with multiple reads capabilities for each of the three following parameters: pixel(sample), line and frame.

Rolling Reset IOTA

The reset is line per line and its width is limited to one clock period. It is still possible to perform sub-windowing. When the camera is configured to sample a pixel multiple time, it decreases the pixel clock with the same ratio. For example, if a pixel is sampled two times, the pixel clock will be divided by two. On the other hand, multiple line and frame readout are still performed at full speed.

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When the lines are read multiple times, it takes one additional pixel clock to go back to the beginning of the line. Also, since the camera have 32 outputs, in the image, the pixels are always in groups of 32. At the end of each frame from a burst, a new frame is immediately read.

In this mode the raw image width is:

 =  ×  × + 32 ×(1

)

And the maximum frame readout frequency follows the following formula:

=

10





󰇧

󰇡



󰇢+



(

1

)

󰇨

(+ 3

)

: sensor width of the image, if full scale it is 320. : image height, if full scale 256. : Number of times a line is read. : Number of times a pixel is read.

10MHz represent the clock frequency

( – 1) is the interval number

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Synchronization

7.3.1. Cable Assembly

Together with the C-RED One Camera with synchronization option are supplied 2 LEMO cables (FGG.00.

304.CLAD35). These cables will allow you to use all the functionalities of the Synchro card.

Wiring is detailed below:

Cabling

Brown (2)

White (1)

Green (3)

Yellow (4)

Shielding

White

Brown

Green

Yellow

C-RED One Synchro Female Connector

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7.3.2. Synchro connection

C-RED One with Synchro Mode offers the possibility to drive the frame readout with an external trigger and can provide timing information through a 4-pin LEMO connector (Mating LEMO male connector reference is FGG.00.304. series connectors). Both input and outputs are LVDS and require two wires, ground reference is the connector body. Here is the Sync connector layout of the rear panel (from up to down):

Sync connectors on the rear panel.

The input port is only 2.5V tolerant.

1 2 3

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7.3.3. Input: FPS In

The frame rate of C-RED One can be driven by an external source plugged on connector 3. C-RED One allows values between 0 and 3500 fps. The camera stays in integration mode while the synchro-in signal is high. When this signal goes low, it triggers the readout. Valid data is present on the Camera Link® bus 2 µs after this trigger (which corresponds to the camera latency). While the camera readout is initiated, the status of synchro-in is ignored, the next exposure starts in parallel. Once the sensor has been read out, the camera stays in integration if the synchro-in signal toggled too high in the meantime. If the synchro-in is still low, then another sensor readout is issued immediately, and another image is sent on the Camera Link® bus.

Cabling is shown in Figure 27:

C-RED One Synchro Female Connector #3

Pin White (1): FPS_IN_P

Pin Brown (2): FPS_IN_N

Pins 3 & 4: NC

Cabling.

7.3.4. Output : FVAL

This output delivers a signal synchronized with each new image delivered by C-RED One. The sync out is the mirroring of the FVAL (frame valid) Camera Link® signal. It indicates when data is available on the bus and reflects the camera frame rate. It might be used to sync some equipment (tip tilt for example) using the camera as the timing master. It goes low when readout since the falling edge of this signal gives the exposure start of the new frame as well as the start of the readout. It goes high once the readout is finished, indicating that the camera would be ready for the next readout. It should have the same frequency as the input FPS sync when “Synchro Mode” is on.

FPS_IN_P

FPS_IN_N

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Cabling is shown in Figure 28:

C-RED One Synchro Female Connector #1

Pin White (1): FVAL_P

Pin Brown (2): FVAL_N

Cabling of the Synchro-out connector

7.3.5. Output: LVAL

Cabling of this port is shown in Figure 29:

C-RED One Synchro Female Connector #2

Pin White (1): LVAL_P

Pin Brown (2): LVAL_N

Cabling of the Output LVAL

Bias Correction

Bias correction can be done on the fly by the camera. To do so, a bias image must be loaded in the camera.

For use of personal images,

please follow software user manual.

FVAL_P

FVAL_N

LVAL_P

LVAL_N

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8. DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS FONCTIONS

The list of available commands on the camera can be displayed using ‘help’ command The list of command is printed below. There are 3 kinds of commands: get, set and exec commands. To get a parameter value, just type this parameter. For example, type ‘fps’ and you will get “Frames per second: 3447”. To set a parameter put the keyword ‘set’ before the parameter. For example, type ‘set fps 1000’ and you will get “Result:OK”. By default, the commands are verbose. But to get only the parameter value, you can add the keyword ‘raw’ at the end of the command. For example, type ‘fps raw’ and you will get “3447”. Commands used to ask the camera to do a task follow the keyword ‘exec’ For example, type ‘exec buildbias’ to ask the camera to compute a bias file. You will get “Compute bias

image........Done”.

COMMANDS

DESCRIPTION

all raw Display, colon separated, camera parameters

powers

Get all camera powers

powers getter Get getter power

powers pulsetube

Get pulsetube power

temperatures Get all camera temperatures

temperatures motherboard

Get mother board temperature

temperatures frontend Get front end temperature

temperatures powerboard

Get power board temperature

temperatures water Get water temperature

temperatures ptmcu

Get pulsetube MCU temperature

temperatures cryostat diode Get cryostat temperature from diode

temperatures cryostat ptcontroller

Get cryostat temperature from pulsetube controller

temperatures cryostat setpoint Get cryostat temperature setpoint

fps

Get frame per second

maxfps Get the number max of frame per second regarding

current camera configuration

photocurrent

Get photocurrent

ptready Get pulsetube ready information

pressure

Get cryostat pressure

gain Get gain

bias

Get bias correction status

flat Get flat correction status

imagetags

Get tags in image status

led Get LED status

sendfile bias <bias image file size> <file MD5>

After this command, the interpreter is disabled and the camera waits for bias image binary bytes.

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If no bytes are sent, after a timeout, the interpreter is restarted.

sendfile flat <flat image file size> <fileMD5> After this command, the interpreter is disabled and the

camera waits for flat image binary bytes.

getflat <url> Getting a flat image file from URL to a local directory

getbias <url>

Getting a bias file from URL to a local directory

gettestpattern <url> Getting a pattern images tar.gz file from an URL. The file

contains the image that will be sent by the camera in testpattern mode.

These files must be named 00, 01, 02, 03, ...,31

testpattern

Gets the testpattern mode status.

events Camera events sending status

extsynchro

Get usage of external synchro status

rawimages Get raw images (no embedded computation) status

getter nbregeneration

Get number of getter regeneration

getter regeremainingtime Get the remaining time before the end of the getter

regeneration

cooling

Get cooling satus

standby Get standby mode satus

mode

Get readout mode

resetwidth Get reset width

nbreadworeset

Get number of read without reset

nsamplepixel Get the number of time a pixel is sampled

nloop

Get number of line read without reset

cropping Get cropping status (active/inactive)

cropping columns

Get cropping columns configuration

cropping rows Get cropping rows configuration

aduoffset

Get adu offset

version Get all product versions

version firmware

Get firmware version

version firmware detailed Get version details

version firmware build

Get version build date

version fpga Get fpga version

version fpga detailed

Version details

version hardware Get hardware version

status

Get camera status.The different possible status are :

- starting: Just after power on.

- configuring: The camera is reading the configuration

- poorvacuum: Vacuum between 10-3 and 10-4 during startup.

- faultyvacuum: Vacuum above 10-3

- vacuumrege: Getter regeneration

- ready: Camera ready to be cooled

- isbeingcooled: Camera is being cooled

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- standby: Camera cooled but the sensor is off

- operational: Camera is cooled and is doing valid images

- prevsafe: During previous camera usage an error occurred

- safe: An error occurred, the camera is in safe mode. The sensor is switched off, the cooling stopped. To use the camera again, you must restart the camera.

- locked: A critical error occurred, the camera s in safe mode and locked. It means you can’t use it anymore. You

have to contact First Light support to restart the camera.

status detailed

Get last status change reason (if available)

continue Continue camera starting.

Can be used if at the last use, the camera was in error or if the camera is in poor vacuum state.

save Save current camera settings.

The cooling state and the gain are never saved.

restorefactory

Restorefactory parameters and reboot the camera

ipaddress Display the camera IP settings

cameratype

Display camera information

shutdown Shutdown the camera

remotemaintenance enable

Enable remote maintenance

remotemaintenance disable Disable remote maintenance

remotemaintenance status

Get current status

password Get current password for telnet/ssh connections

hwuid

Get camera unique identifier

exec upgradefirmware <url> Upgrade the firmware with the new release at the

specified URL

exec buildbias

Build the bias image

exec buildflat Build the flat image

exec redovacuum

Start vacuum regeneration

exec logs Collect and serve logs through http

exec logs <from>

Collect and serve logs through http

set testpattern on Enable the testpattern mode. In this mode the camera

send a loop of 32 images instead of images fetch from the

sensor.

set testpattern off

Disable the testpattern mode

set fps <fpsValue> Set the framerate set gain <gainValue> Set the gain set bias on Enable bias correction

set bias off

Disable bias correction

set flat on Enable flat correction

set flat off

Disable flat correction

set imagetags on Enable tags in image

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When enabled the 3 first pixels are used to send a frame

counter and a position number for multiple nondestructive readout. The two fist pixels must read as a little endian 32 bit framecounter. The third pixel as a little endian 16 bits

multiple read position.

set imagetags off

Disable tags in image

set led on Switch on the LED.

The LED is a multi-color led. The camera states are mapped to different colors. When the camera is operational, the led blinks purple. If the LED doesn’t blink, it means the camera have an issue. Since there is a

watchdog, the camera will restart.

set led off

Switch off the LED

set events on Enable camera events sending

If an error occurs the camera can send asynchronously error messages on the serial interface. If you want to disable these spurious messages disable the event

sending;

set events off Disable camera events sending

set extsynchro on

Enable usage of external synchronization

set extsynchro off Disable usage of external synchronization

set rawimages on

Enable embedded computation on the images. For

example, in CDS mode the subtraction is done by the

camera.

set rawimages off Disable embedded computation, all the images fetched

from the sensor are sent to the camera link interface.

set cooling on Enable cooling

set cooling off

Disable cooling

set standby on Enable standby mode

Standby mode can be used to keep the camera cooled with

the sensor off

set standby off

Disable standby mode

set mode globalreset Same as globalresetsingle, keep for compatibility

set mode globalresetsingle

Set global reset mode

set mode globalresetcds Set global reset correlated double sampling mode

set mode globalresetbursts

Set global reset multiple non-destructive readout mode

set mode rollingresetsingle Set rolling reset single mode

set mode rollingresetcds

Same as rollingresetnro, keep for compatibility

set mode rollingresetnro Set rolling reset multiple non destructive readout mode

set mode rollingresetiota

Rolling iotat

set resetwidth <resetwidthValue> Set reset width

set nbreadworeset <nbreadworesetValue>

Set number of read without reset

set nsamplepixel <nsamplepixelValue> Set the number of pixel sampled

set nloop <nloopValue>

Set the number of time a line is read

set cropping on Enable cropping

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set cropping off

Disable cropping

set cropping columns <columnsValue> Set cropping columns selection

The columns granularity is 32. So, the range is 1-10 to select 32 to 320 columns. The format for row and column selection is like the one used for printer page selection. Each column number is separated with a comma and range can be selected using hyphen. For example, to select columns, 1 3 9 10, use the following syntax: 1,3,9-

set cropping rows <rowsValue> Set cropping rows selection

The rows granularity is 1. The range is 1-256. For example, to select rows, 1 3 9 10 11 12 50 use the following syntax: 1,3,9,10-12,50

set aduoffset <aduoffsetValue> Set adu offset

set password <password>

Change password for telnet/ssh connections

set ip mode manual Dynamic network configuration using DHCP

set ip mode automatic

Static network configuration

set ip address <ip> Change IP configuration

set ip netmask <mask>

Change IP configuration

set ip gateway <gateway> Change IP configuration

set ip dns <dns>

Change IP configuration

set ip alternate-dns <dns> Change IP configuration

set ip refresh

Reconfigure camera IP address (without reboot)

set telnet enable Change telnet configuration

set telnet disable

Change telnet configuration

set telnet status Change telnet configuration

Commands format detail

Commands are only composed of ascii characters. Each command must be ended with line feed character: ‘\n’ There is no echo of character. There is no escape sequence, only simple ascii characters. After each answer of the camera, you get the following additional sequence of character: CR LF “fli-cli>” ( ‘\r’ ‘\n’ ‘f’ ‘l’ ‘i’ ‘-‘ ’c’ ‘l’ ‘i’ ‘>’ )

For example: With the command “temperatures motherboard raw”, you could get the following sequence of hexadecimal characters:

00000000 33 33 2e 35 30 0d 0a 66 6c 69 2d 63 6c 69 3e |33.50..fli-cli>|

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Note: Since the configuration of the camera is done using serial interface, not only the "CRED1 DEMO" software can be used to communicate with the camera but also any terminal software like putty for example.

SSH configuration

The configuration of the camera can also be done using a ssh connection. To be more human friendly, on ssh, the camera interpreter behaves differently. It can manage character echo and escape sequences. To use this improved mode, the ssh login is ‘adminnc’. The same behavior as on the serial link is also available using the login ‘admin’. The default password is “flicred1”, it can be changed using the ‘set password’ command.

Note: There is no authentication on the serial links. So, an interpreter running on this kind of interface can be used to run the command ‘password’ and retrieve the password.

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9. PRECAUTIONS AND MAINTENANCE

Precaution of use

Your C-RED One is a high-end scientific instrument, if this equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired and the warranty will not be applicable. Your C-RED One is an electronic equipment that requires precaution regarding static shocks, it contains an e-APD MCT detector that requires illumination and cooling precaution. As any scientific instrument, your C-RED One camera is fragile and should not be exposed to shocks, extreme temperatures and humidity.

Your C-RED One camera is an expensive and fragile product, handle it with care!

9.1.1. Static / electric shocks:

Any electronic equipment that has to be connected to C-RED One should be fitted with appropriate protection on all power lines. The power of connected equipment should be switched off before moving any connection between computer and C-RED One.

9.1.2. Heating / cooling:

Your C-RED One camera has been built to work with liquid cooling system: never use your camera without such a system connected to the camera via the liquid connectors, filled with cooling fluid and switched on. Please use your cooling system in accordance to the cooling system instructions. Dew point: even if C-RED One is hermetically sealed and not subject to dew issue, please use cooling fluid at a temperature not below the dew point, do not use a coolant fluid temperature below the ambient temperature.

9.1.3. Warning: Getter Temperature:

During lifetime of the camera, the vacuum system needs to be regenerated and this will induce temperature elevation of the top front part of the camera. The GUI will inform the user when regeneration is needed, and the camera will be off for 2 hours. During regeneration, the top front part of the camera will become very hot, up to 150°C. At the end of the regeneration, the GUI will inform the user.

Illustration of top front part

Do not touch the top front part during the process and do not put anything on it.

Hot part during

regeneration

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Operational environment

Maximum cooling fluid temperature:

35°C

Minimum cooling fluid temperature: Dew point of the room (recommended)

Maintenance

9.3.1. Never open the camera.

There are no user-serviceable parts inside your camera, do not ever attempt to open it. There are some indicators inside the camera, if you try to open it your warranty will be void.

9.3.2. Cleaning of window.

Never use an unclean cloth to wipe the window of the camera. The window should be cleaned with a dry and soft cloth, you can use water or ethanol and gently wipe the window. Please avoid touching the glass window.

9.3.3. Storage.

When not in use, please store your camera in a dry place, in its box.

9.3.4. Vacuum control and getter regeneration

To ensure the best operation of your camera, check the vacuum at least once a month

To regenerate the getter, we recommend using the cred1 demo software. With this software, getter regeneration can be easily activated using push button. Then the remaining operation time is displayed.

WARNING: the operation is quite long, about 2 hours, and CAN NOT BE INTERRUPTED.

The camera should not be used or turned off until the operation is complete.

Before starting the getter regeneration, the camera must be at room temperature and

cooled using cooling fluid.

Title: C-RED One USER MANUAL

Document: C-RED ONE USERMANUAL_20181207 Issue: 002 Classification: PUBLIC

Page : 47 Date : 11/12/2018

First Light Imaging SAS au Capital de 85 000 euros | 533 716 817 RCS Aix-en-Provence | TVA : FR78 533 716 817

10. WARRANTY AND LIABILITY

For the USA

10.1.1. Limited Warranty

Subject to the limitations set forth herein, FLI represents and warrants that the Products (including the Sensor, if applicable) will correspond, at the time of delivery, to the specifications provided to FLI by Purchaser, and shall be free from defects in material and workmanship (the “Limited Warranty”). Such Limited Warranty shall remain in effect for a period of two (2) years from the date Purchaser takes delivery of such Products; provided, however, that such Limited Warranty as it relates exclusively to the Sensor (which shall be supplied by a thirdparty manufacturer), if and as included in a Product, shall remain in effect for such length of time as the original manufacturer’s warranty shall be in effect. Therefore, for example purposes only, if there shall be eight months remaining on the original manufacturer’s warranty for the Sensor at the time Purchaser takes delivery of a Product which incorporates such Sensor, then the Limited Warranty hereunder as it relates exclusively to the Sensor shall be in effect for eight months. FLI shall inform Purchaser of the length of time remaining on the original manufacturer warranty for the Sensor at the time the applicable Product is delivered to Purchaser.

10.1.2. Conditions

The Limited Warranty specified above is subject to the following conditions:

• FLI shall be under no liability with respect to defects arising in the Products as a result of any incorrect drawing, design, or specification supplied by Purchaser;

• FLI shall have no liability with respect to any defect which arises from wear and tear, willful damage, negligent or abnormal use of the Product, mishandling of the Product, Force Majeure Events, or failure to comply with FLI’s instructions regarding the use and maintenance of the Product, including, but not limited to, all written instructions, and all instructions contained in the Documentation;

• the Limited Warranty shall be limited to the Products themselves, and FLI shall have no liability with respect to any damages whatsoever which are caused to, or by, third party (or Purchaser’s) parts, materials, or systems, as a result of or in connection with the integration or use of the Products.

10.1.3. Warranty Enforcement

To avail itself of the rights provided under the Limited Warranty, the Purchaser must submit, in writing, a detailed report regarding the defect exhibited by the particular Product (a “Defect Report”). Such Defect Report shall be submitted to FLI at contact@first-light.fr

, with a copy of such Defect Report furnished to FLI by certified

mail, or regular mail with return receipt requested, at the address listed below.

Purchaser shall have the burden of proving the defect is covered by the Limited Warranty. FLI shall have sole discretion to determine whether the Limited Warranty applies to any defect reported by Purchaser.

Title: C-RED One USER MANUAL

Document: C-RED ONE USERMANUAL_20181207 Issue: 002 Classification: PUBLIC

Page : 48 Date : 11/12/2018

First Light Imaging SAS au Capital de 85 000 euros | 533 716 817 RCS Aix-en-Provence | TVA : FR78 533 716 817

10.1.4. Returns

In the event the Limited Warranty applies, Purchaser shall return the Product to FLI within thirty (30) days of receiving written authorization from FLI to do so, in the same condition as the Product was originally delivered to Purchaser. Purchaser shall assume all costs, risk and liability in connection with the shipment and return of the Product. In the event the Product is not returned within the requisite time period, the Limited Warranty shall be void and of no further effect.

Purchaser agrees to the following limitations on FLI’s liability in connection with the Products:

10.1.4.1. Liability Upon Delivery

Except as otherwise provided herein, FLI disclaims any and all liability in connection with purchaser’s use of any products, including without limitation liability to third parties, to the fullest extent permitted by law, as of the date such product is delivered to purchaser.

10.1.4.2. Products Offered “As Is”

Except as provided in these terms, FLI provides the products “as is” and on an “as available” basis. Accordingly, and to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, FLI makes no warranties, express or implied, that the products will be uninterrupted, error-free or free of harmful components.

10.1.4.3. No Other Warranties

Except as expressly set forth in these terms, and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, FLI does not make any warranty regarding the products or any other subject matter of these terms. Any implied warranty, including without limitation any implied warranty of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, shall be limited in scope to the extent permitted by applicable law, and shall be limited in duration to the duration of the limited warranty set forth above, or to such period of time as permitted by applicable law, whichever shall be shorter.

10.1.4.4. Limitation of Liability

To the fullest extent permitted by law, in no event will FLI, its affiliates, suppliers or distributors be liable for (a) any indirect, special, incidental, punitive, exemplary or consequential damages however caused, on any theory of liability, including but not limited to loss of use, loss of actual or anticipated profits or benefits, or the cost of procuring a replacement product, whether or not FLI has been advised of the possibility of such damages, arising in any way out of these terms or in connection with the products, or any undertaking or performance that may be promised, performed, or executed to implement these terms.

10.1.5. Purchaser Warranties

In addition to the other warranties, representations and covenants set forth in these terms, by using the products or placing an order, purchaser warrants and represents that purchaser has the right and authority to agree to these terms and to use the products, that purchaser’s use of the products shall not violate the rights of any third party or any contract with any third party, and that purchaser’s use of the products, FLI’s fulfillment of any orders, and the delivery of any products, shall not violate any applicable laws.

10.1.6. Purchaser Indemnification

Purchaser agrees to defend, indemnify and hold FLI harmless from and against any and all claims, liabilities, damages, penalties, forfeitures, and associated costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) that FLI may incur as a result of any breach by purchaser of any warranty, representation or covenant set forth in these terms.

Title: C-RED One USER MANUAL

Document: C-RED ONE USERMANUAL_20181207 Issue: 002 Classification: PUBLIC

Page : 49 Date : 11/12/2018

First Light Imaging SAS au Capital de 85 000 euros | 533 716 817 RCS Aix-en-Provence | TVA : FR78 533 716 817

For the rest of the World

10.2.1. FLI’s legal guarantee and limit to the guarantee

FLI hereby exclusively guarantees the Product’s compliance with the specifications agreed to within the limits of the legally applicable provisions. FLI’s guarantee is exclusively limited to repairs or replacement of any parts that are not in compliance. If after reasonable efforts, FLI is not able to replace the non-compliant Product, the guarantee will be limited exclusively to the reduction of the purchase price or reimbursement of the price (after deduction of depreciation for wear and tear), after the Product is returned by the Purchaser. FLI will not be liable for any indemnification of the Purchaser for specific or indirect damage, opportunity cost, loss of income, loss of enjoyment, damage to individuals or goods not related to the purpose of the contract. For parts or supplies that are not manufactured by FLI, the guarantee is limited to those to which FLI is entitled from its own suppliers. This guarantee does not cover the defects of the Product resulting from any cause external to the Product, such as:

• Failure to comply with FLI’s recommendations;

• Mishandling by the Purchaser;

• Intervention by a third party involving the Product;

• Poor maintenance or misuse of the Product;

• Wear and tear;

• Damage caused by elements external to the Product or attributable to a case of

force majeure

: fire,

lightning, water damage, external accident, etc.

10.2.2. FLI’s liability

The Products are sold by FLI in compliance with French laws in effect. FLI cannot be held liable for any failure to comply with the laws in the countries where the Product will be used. In the event where FLI is held liable due to its failure to satisfy any of its contractual obligations, the Purchaser may not seek any indemnification for loss of income or opportunity cost, loss of enjoyment, specific, accessory or indirect damage to individuals or to goods or assets, caused by any failure in the performance of its obligations. The total amount of the indemnities that FLI may be required to pay to the Purchaser in remedy for the prejudice it suffers may not exceed the amounts paid by the Purchaser for such Product, regardless of the legal grounds for the claim and the procedure employed to resolve it.

10.2.3. Liability in connection with defective products

FLI’s liability in connection with defective products excludes remedy for any damage caused to the products through commercial use.

Title: C-RED One USER MANUAL

Document: C-RED ONE USERMANUAL_20181207 Issue: 002 Classification: PUBLIC

Page : 50 Date : 11/12/2018

First Light Imaging SAS au Capital de 85 000 euros | 533 716 817 RCS Aix-en-Provence | TVA : FR78 533 716 817

11. CONTACTS

For the USA:

FIRST LIGHT IMAGING Corp.

185 Alewife Brook Parkway, Suite 210

Cambridge, MA 02138

USA

Tel.: + 33 4 42 61 29 20

E-mail: support@first-light.fr

Website: www.first-light.us

For the rest of the world:

FIRST LIGHT IMAGING SAS

Europarc Sainte Victoire, Bât. 6

Route de Valbrillant, Le Canet

13590 Meyreuil

France

Tel.: + 33 4 42 61 29 20

E-mail: support@first-light.fr

Website: www.first-light-imaging.com

First Light C-RED One User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual