Falcon 4M30, 4M60, PT-41-04M60-XX-R, PT-22-04M30-XX-R, PT-42-04M60-XX-R User Manual

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Page 1

4 Megapixel 30/60 fps Area Scan Cameras

3-Jun-11

03-032-20044-03

www.teledynedalsa.com

4M30 and 4M60

Falcon

Monochrome and Color Camera Manual

PT-41-04M60-XX-R PT-42-04M60-XX-R

PT-21-04M30-XX-R PT-22-04M30-XX-R

Page 2

Falcon 4M Camera Manual

North America

605 McMurray Rd Waterloo, ON N2V 2E9 Canada

Tel: 519 886 6000 Fax: 519 886 8023

www.teledynedalsa.com sales.americas@teledynedalsa.com

support@teledynedalsa.com

Europe

Breslauer Str. 34 D-82194 Gröbenzell (Munich) Germany Tel: +49 - 8142 – 46770 Fax: +49 - 8142 – 467746 www.teledynedalsa.com sales.europe@teledynedalsa.com

support@teledynedalsa.com

Asia Pacific

Ikebukuro East 13F 3-4-3 Higashi-Ikebukuro Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-0013 Japan Tel: 81 3 5960 6353 Fax: 81 3 5960 6354 (fax) www.teledynedalsa.com sales.asia@teledynedalsa.com

support@teledynedalsa.com

© 2011 Teledyne DALSA. All information provided in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable. No responsibility is assumed by Teledyne DALSA for its use. Teledyne DALSA reserves the right to make changes to this information without notice. Reproduction of this manual in whole or in part, by any means, is prohibited without prior permission having been obtained from Teledyne DALSA.

About Teledyne Technologies and Teledyne DALSA, Inc.

Teledyne Technologies is a leading provider of sophisticated electronic subsystems, instrumentation and communication products, engineered systems, aerospace engines,

an d en erg y and p ow er gener ation system s. Teled yne Techn olog ies‘ op erations are

primarily located in the United States, the United Kingdom and Mexico. For more infor m ation , visit Teled yn e Tech n olog ies‘ we bsite at www.teledyne.com.

Teledyne DALSA, a Teledyne Technologies company, is an international leader in high performance digital imaging and semiconductors with approximately 1,000 employees worldwide, headquartered in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Established in 1980, the company designs, develops, manufactures and markets digital imaging products and solutions, in addition to providing MEMS products and services. For more information, visit Teled y n e DALSA‘s w ebsite at w ww .teled yn ed alsa.com.

Support

For further information not included in this manual, or for information on Teledyne DALSA‘s extensive line of im age sen sing prod ucts, p lease contact:

Camera Link is a trademark registered by the Automated Imaging Association, as chair of a committee of industry members includ ing Teledyne DALSA.

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Falcon 4M Camera Manual

Contents

Introduction to the 4 Megapixel Falcon Cameras _________________________________ 5

1.1 Camera Highlights ....................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.2 Camera Performance Specifications ............................................................................................................................. 6

1.3 Cosmetic Specifications ................................................................................................................................................ 9

1.4 Image Sensor and Pixel Readout................................................................................................................................. 11

1.5 Responsivity ................................................................................................................................................................. 13

1.6 Shock and Vibration..................................................................................................................................................... 15

Camera Hardware Interface ________________________________________________ 17

2.1 Installation Overview ................................................................................................................................................... 17

2.2 Input/Output Connectors and LED ............................................................................................................................... 18

2.2.1 LED Status Indicator ............................................................................................................................... 18

2.2.2 Camera Link ........................................................................................................................................... 19

2.2.3 Power Connector .................................................................................................................................... 21

Software Interface: How to Control the Camera __________________________________ 23

3.1 First Power Up Camera Settings .................................................................................................................................. 26

3.2 Saving and Restoring Settings ..................................................................................................................................... 27

3.3 Camera Output Format ................................................................................................................................................ 27

3.3.1 How to Configure Camera Output .......................................................................................................... 27

3.3.2 Setting the Camera Link Mode............................................................................................................... 29

3.3.3 Setting the Camera Link Strobe Frequency ............................................................................................ 30

3.4 Setting Exposure Mode, Frame Rate and Exposure Time ............................................................................................ 30

3.4.1 Non-concurrent vs. concurrent modes of operation ................................................................................ 30

3.4.2 Setting the Exposure Mode..................................................................................................................... 32

3.4.2 Setting the Frame Rate .......................................................................................................................... 35

3.4.3 Setting the Exposure Time ..................................................................................................................... 36

3.4.4 Enabling EXSYNC Debounce Circuit ....................................................................................................... 37

3.5 Snapshot Modes ........................................................................................................................................................... 37

3.6 Setting a Vertical Window of Interest ........................................................................................................................... 42

3.7 Flat Field Correction .................................................................................................................................................... 46

3.7.1 Selecting Factory or User Coefficients .................................................................................................... 50

3.7.2 Enabling Pixel Coefficients ..................................................................................................................... 51

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3.7.3 Selecting the Calibration Sample Size ................................................................................................... 51

3.7.4 Performing FPN Calibration .................................................................................................................. 52

3.7.5 Performing PRNU Calibration ............................................................................................................... 53

3.7.6 Saving, Loading and Resetting Coefficients ........................................................................................... 55

3.7.7 Returning Pixel Coefficient Information ................................................................................................ 56

3.8 Offset and Gain Adjustments ....................................................................................................................................... 57

3.9 Generating a Test Pattern............................................................................................................................................ 61

Optical and Mechanical Considerations ________________________________________ 65

4.1 Mechanical Interface .................................................................................................................................................... 65

4.2 Lens Mounts ................................................................................................................................................................. 66

4.3 Optical Interface ........................................................................................................................................................... 66

Troubleshooting ________________________________________________________ 69

5.1 Common Solutions ....................................................................................................................................................... 69

5.2 Troubleshooting Using the Serial Interface ................................................................................................................. 70

5.3 Specific Solutions ......................................................................................................................................................... 70

5.4 Product Support ........................................................................................................................................................... 72

Camera Link™ Reference, Timing, and Configuration Table _________________________ 73

Error Handling and Command List ___________________________________________ 79

B1 All Available Commands .............................................................................................................................................. 79

EMC Declaration of Conformity _____________________________________________ 85

Revision History ________________________________________________________ 87

Index _______________________________________________________________ 89

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Falcon 4M Camera Manual

Introduction to the 4 Megapixel Falcon Cameras

1.1 Camera Highlights

Features

 4 mega pixels, 2352 (H) x 1728 (V) resolution, CMOS area camera  Global shutter (non-rolling) for crisp images  60 fps model or 30 fps model  Color and monochrome models  Vertical windowing for faster frame rate  7.4 µm x 7.4 µm pixel pitch  4 x 80 MHz or 2 x 80 MHz data rates  Nominal broadband responsivity of 18.4 DN/ (nJ/ cm2)  Good NIR response  8 or 10 bit selectable output  Dynamic range of 57 dB  Base or Med ium Camer a Lin k™ interface  RoHS and CE compliant

Programmability

 A simple ASCII protocol controls gain, offset, frame rates, trigger mode, test pattern

output, and camera diagnostics.

 The serial interface (ASCII, 9600 baud, adjustable to 19200, 57600, 115200) operates

through Camera Link.

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Falcon 4M Camera Manual

Model Number

Description

PT-21-04M30-XX-R

4M resolution, 2 sensor taps, 30 frames per second, RoHS compliant, monochrome.

PT-41-04M60-XX-R

4M resolution, 4 sensor taps, 60 frames per second, RoHS compliant, monochrome.

PT-22-04M30-XX-R

4M resolution, 2 sensor taps, 30 frames per second, RoHS compliant, color.

PT-42-04M60-XX-R

4M resolution, 4 sensor taps, 60 frames per second, RoHS compliant, color.

Feature / Specification

Notes

Resolution

2352 (H) x 1728 (V) pixels

Pixel Fill Factor

45 %

Effective fill factor with micro-lenses

60 % # of Lines per Frame

1728 lines

Output Format (# of taps)

2 (4M30) or 4 (4M60)

Description

The 4 mega pixel Falcon cameras are our most advanced high-speed area array cameras. With data rates up to 320 MHz, these cameras are capable of capturing crisp images at incredibly fast speeds. Programmable features and diagnostics are accessible through the Camera Link ™ MDR26 con n ector. Color and monochrome options make the Falcon 4M camera a very versatile choice.

Applications

The 4M Falcon cameras are ideal for applications requiring high speed, superior image quality, and high responsivity. Applications include:

 PCB inspection  3D solder paste inspection  2D and 3D wafer bump inspection  Semiconductor wafer inspection  Flat panel display inspection  Solar panel inspection  Industrial metrology  Traffic management  General machine vision

Models

The Falcon 4M camera is available in the following models:

Falcon 4M Camera Models Overview

1.2 Camera Performance Specifications

Camera Performance Specifications

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Falcon 4M Camera Manual

Bayer Filter (color only)

See Fig. 2 for RGB filter location

Optical Interface

Notes

Back Focal Distance

Sensor die to mounting

plate

6.56 mm

Sensor Alignment

x y z

z

±0.10 mm ±0.10 mm ±0.25 mm ±0.3°

Lens Mount

F-mount adapter available

Lens Mount Hole

M42 x 1

Mechanical Interface

Notes

Camera Size

94 x 94 x 48 mm

Mass

<550 g

Connectors

pow er connector

data connector

6 pin male Hirose 2 x MDR26 female

Electrical Interface

Notes

Input Voltage

+12 to +15 Volts

Power Dissipation

10 typ, 14 Watts max

Operating Temperature

0 to 50 °C

Data Output Format

8 or 10 user selectable bits

Output Data Configuration

Base or Medium Camera Link

Operating Ranges

Notes

Minimum Frame Rate

1 Hz

Maximum Frame Rate

60.4 Hz (4M60)

30.6 Hz (4M30)

4 Data Rate

80 MHz

Dynamic Range

(10 bits @ nominal gain)

682 : 1 typ.

2 Random Noise

1.5 typ, 2.0 max DN rms

Broadband Responsivity (mono)

18.4 typ DN/ (nJ/ cm2)

Responsivity

See Figs. 5, 7, and 8

Quantum Efficiency

See Figs. 6

DC Offset

0 DN

Antiblooming

>1000x saturation

FPN

0.5 typ, 1.0 max DN rms

PRNU

1.5 typ, 2.6 max DN rms

Integral non-linearity

<2% DN

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Falcon 4M Camera Manual

Operating Ranges

Notes

Saturation Equivalent Exposure

55 typ nJ/ cm2

Noise Equivalent Exposure

80 typ pJ/ cm2

Saturation Output Amplitude

1023 DN

Test conditions unless otherwise noted:

 sem 2 (exposure mode 2).  ssf 55 (55 frames per second rate).  set 2000 (2 millisecond exposure time).  sem 2 (Exposure mode 2) .  Full frame/ window.  clm 16 (4 tap, 10 bit).  sot 320 (80 MHz camera link strobe).  efd 1 (Snapshot mode 1).  snd 1 (Number of fast frame dumps = 1).  Light Source: Broadband Quartz Halogen, 3250K (3050 to 3450), with a 750 nm cutoff

filter .

 Ambient test temperature 25°C.  Average output 840 DN .  Flat field correction (FFC) turned on.

Notes:

1. Measured at the front plate.

2. Based on output at 1023 DN.

3. Output over 10-90%.

4. Snapshot mode 0 allows for marginally higher frame rates.

5. Optical distance.

6. +12V consumes the least amount of power.

7. With FFC on. Responsivity is not calibrated when FCC is turned off.

8. Measured at half saturation.

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Falcon 4M Camera Manual

Cosmetic Specification

Maximum Number of Defects

Hot pixel defects

Single pixel defects

100

Clusters defects

No limit (refer to the Note below)

Spot d efects

Column defects

Row defects

1.3 Cosmetic Specifications

Please note, for this section only, the following values are considered preliminary information and subject to change without notice.

Monochrome Sensor Cosmetic Specifications

The following table highlights the current cosmetic specifications for the sensor used inside the Falcon 4M60 and 4M30 cameras. The sensor has 4 megapixels (2352 x 1728), global shuttering and is capable of 60 fps.

Sensor Cosmetic Specifications

Definition of cosmetic specifications

Hot pixel defect

Pixel whose signal, in dark, deviates by more than 400 DN (10 bits) from the average of all the pixels.

Single pixel defect

Pixel whose signal, at nominal light (illumination at 50% of saturation), deviates by more than ±30% from its neighboring pixels.

Cluster defect

A grouping of at most 8 pixel defects within an area of 3 x 3 pixels.

Spot defect

A grouping of 9 pixel defects within an area of 3 x 3 pixels.

Column defect

A column which has 12 pixel defects in a 1*12 kernel.

Row defect

A horizontal grouping of more than 4 pixel defects between at least 2 good pixels on both sides, where single good pixels between 2 defective pixels are considered defective.

Test conditions

 Digital gain – 1X.  Nominal light = illumination at 50 % of saturation.  Frame Rate = 60 fps (Falcon 4M60), 30 fps (Falcon 4M30)

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Falcon 4M Camera Manual

Cosmetic Spec

Max. Deviation from Mean

Cluster Size

Max Number of Defects

Glass defects

5 % 9 0

Cosmetic Specification

Maximum Number of Defects

Dark pixel defects (> 300 DN)

Dark pixel defects (> 600 DN)

Single pixel defects

100

 Integration time = 15 ms  Ambient Temperature of 25 °C

Note: While the number of clusters is not limited by a maximum number, the total number of defective pixels cannot exceed 100. Therefore, you could have 12 clusters of 8 in size (12 x 8 = 96), but you could not have 13 clusters of 8 in size (13 x 8 = 104).

The probability of 12 clusters of 8 is negligible and is only used as an example.

Camera Cosmetic Specification

Beyond sensor cosmetic testing, the camera is placed under additional testing to more closely examine potential cosmetic defects due to the sensor glass.

Camera Cosmetic Specifications - Glass

Definition of blemishes

Glass defects

A group of pixels exceeding the given cluster size and the maximum deviation from the mean. Images are taken at nominal light (illumination at 50 % of the linear range). A cluster is defined as a grouping of pixels. A grouping of pixels refers to adjacent pixels or pixels that touch.

In addition, the camera is examined against the following cosmetic specifications.

Camera Cosmetic Specifications – Sensor & Glass

Definition of cosmetic specifications

Dark pixel defects

Pixel whose signal, in dark, exceeds the given threshold (10 bits).

Single pixel defect

Pixel whose signal, at nominal light (illumination at 50 % of saturation), deviates by more than ± 30 % from its neighboring pixels.

Test conditions

 Digital gain – 1X.  Nominal light = illumination at 50 % of saturation.

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Falcon 4M Camera Manual

Ro w 2

Tap 2

Co lum n 235

Ro w 2

Tap 1

Co lum n 23

Ro w 1 Co lum n 1 Tap 1

Ro w 1 Co lum n 2 Tap 2

Ro w 1 Co lum n 3 Tap 3

Ro w 1 Co lum n 235 1 Tap 3

Ro w 1 Co lum n 235 0 Tap 2

Ro w 1 Co lum n 234 9 Tap 1

Ro w 2 Co lum n 1 Tap 1

Ro w 2 Co lum n 2 Tap 2

Ro w 2 Co lum n 3 Tap 3

Ro w 2

Tap 3

Co lum n 235

Ro w 1 727 Co lum n 235 1 Tap 3

Ro w 1 727 Co lum n 235 0 Tap 2

Ro w 1 727 Co lum n 234 9 Tap 1

Ro w 1 727 Co lum n 3 Tap 3

Ro w 1 727 Co lum n 2 Tap 2

Ro w 1 727 Co lum n 1 Tap 1

Ro w 1 727 Co lum n 235 2 Tap 4

Ro w 2

Tap 4

Co lum n 235 2

Ro w 1 Co lum n 235 2 Tap 4

Ro w 1 728 Co lum n 1 Tap 1

Ro w 1 728 Co lum n 2 Tap 2

Ro w 1 728 Co lum n 3 Tap 3

Ro w 1 728 Co lum n 234 9 Tap 1

Ro w 1 728 Co lum n 235 0 Tap 2

Ro w 1 728 Co lum n 235 1 Tap 3

Ro w 1 728 Co lum n 235 2 Tap 4

Pixel

Pixel read out direction is left to right then bottom to top

Ro w 1 Co lum n 4 Tap 4

Ro w 2 Co lum n 4 Tap 4

Ro w 1 727 Co lum n 4 Tap 4

Ro w 1 728 Co lum n 4 Tap 4

 Frame Rate = 60 fps (Falcon 4M60), 30 fps (Falcon 4M30).  Integration time = 15 ms.  Ambient Temperature of 25 °C.

Note: all of the above sensor and camera cosmetic specifications are w ith flat field correction turned off (epc 0 0). There are no post flat field correction (epc 1 1) camera cosmetic specifications.

Color Cosmetic specifications

Color camera cosmetic specifications in the dark (such as hot pixels) will be the same as monochrome specifications. Specifications in the light are pending.

1.4 Image Sensor and Pixel Readout

The camera uses our new DCR2417M, 4 mega pixel, 2352 x 1728 CMOS sensor.

Figure 1: 4 Tap Sensor Block Diagram

Note: As viewed from the front of the camera without lens. The bottom of the camera has a ¼-20 tripod mount.

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Falcon 4M Camera Manual

Row 2

Tap 2

Column 235

Row 2

Tap 1

Column 23

Row 1 Column 1 Tap 1

Row 1 Column 2 Tap 2

Row 1 Column 3 Tap 3

Row 1 Column 2351 Tap 3

Row 1 Column 2350 Tap 2

Row 1 Column 2349 Tap 1

Row 2 Column 1 Tap 1

Row 2 Column 2 Tap 2

Row 2 Column 3 Tap 3

Row 2

Tap 3

Column 235

Row 1727 Column 2351 Tap 3

Row 1727 Column 2350 Tap 2

Row 1727 Column 2349 Tap 1

Row 1727 Column 3 Tap 3

Row 1727 Column 2 Tap 2

Row 1727 Column 1 Tap 1

Row 1727 Column 2352 Tap 4

Row 2

Tap 4

Column 2352

Row 1 Column 2352 Tap 4

Row 1728 Column 1 Tap 1

Row 1728 Column 2 Tap 2

Row 1728 Column 3 Tap 3

Row 1728 Column 2349 Tap 1

Row 1728 Column 2350 Tap 2

Row 1728 Column 2351 Tap 3

Row 1728 Column 2352 Tap 4

Pixel

Pixel read out direction is left to right then bottom to top

Row 1 Column 4 Tap 4

Row 2 Column 4 Tap 4

Row 1727 Column 4 Tap 4

Row 1728 Column 4 Tap 4

GRGR

GR GR

B B

R R

GR GR

B B

R R

GB GB GB

GB: Green-Blue B: Blue R: Red GR: Green-Red

Ro w 1 Co lum n 1 Tap 1

Ro w 1 Co lum n 2 Tap 2

Ro w 1 Co lum n 3 Tap 3

Pixel

Ro w 1 Co lum n 4 Tap 4

Row 1 Column 1 Tap 1

Row 1 Column 2 Tap 2

Row 1 Column 3 Tap 1

Pixel

Row 1 Column 4 Tap 2

The color camera model has a Bayer filter applied to the CMOS sensor to allow for color separation. Each individual pixel is covered by either a red, green, or blue filter as shown in the figure below. The camera outputs raw color data--no color interpolation is performed. Full RGB images can be obtained by performing color interpolation on the frame grabber or host PC.

Figure 2: Color Sensor Block Diagram

Camera Readout and Coordinates

The camera readout begins with pixel 1 and reads out successive pixels from left to right until the entire row is completed. This process is repeated with each successive row in the frame. Pixel coordinates are expressed as column and r ow s, w h ere the fir st p ixel‘s coordinates are 1, 1 and t h e last pixel‘s coord inat es are 2352, 1728.

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Figure 3: 4M60 Pixel Readout Detail

Figure 4: 4M30 Pixel Readout Detail

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Falcon 4M Camera Manual

Spectral Responsivity at Coarse Gain = 0 dB, Fine Gain = 45

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Wavelength (nm)

Responsivity (DN/(nJ/cm

))

Effective Quantum Efficiency

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

Wavelength (nm)

Fill Factor x Quantum Efficiency (%)

1.5 Responsivity

Figure 5: Spectral Responsivity (Monochrome Sensor)

Note: Responsivity is calibrated w ith fcc on .

Figure 6: Effective Quantum Efficiency (Monochrome Sensor)

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Falcon 4M Camera Manual

Avg spectral responsivity, 3 colour sensors

B=blue, R=red, G=green

400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900

Wavelength (nm)

Responsivity DN/(nJ/cm2)

Figure 7: Spectral Responsivity

Figure 8: Effective Quantum Efficiency

Note: We recommend you use of an SP700 IR-filter to remove unwanted IR signal that could affect color reproduction.

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Falcon 4M Camera Manual

Random vibration per MIL-STD-810F at 25 G2/HZ [Power Spectral Density] or 5 RMS

Shock testing 75 G peak acceleration per MIL-STD-810F

Ambient Temperature

MTBF

40 °C

>65,000 hour

50 °C

>40,000 hours

1.6 Shock and Vibration

The Falcon 4M60 and 4M30 cameras are shock and vibration tested to ensure that they can withstand the challenges and thrive in an industrial settings.

The cameras meet or exceed the following specifications:

The cameras meet the following Mean Time Before Failure (MTBF) specifications:

As shown, MTBF is highly dependant upon temperature. To improve MTBF reduce the ambient temperatures, by using or increasing heat sinking or cooling of the camera. MTBF is related to temperature. At lower temperatures MTBF numbers increase significantly. It is recommended that if high MTBF numbers are demanded by your application you include some type of cooling in your system, such as, forced air.

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Falcon 4M Camera Manual

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Falcon 4M Camera Manual

This installation overview assumes you have not installed any system components yet.

Camera Hardware Interface

2.1 Installation Overview

When setting up your camera, you should take the following steps:

1) Power down all equipment.

2) Following the manu facturer‘s instru ctions, in stall the fram e grabber (if ap plicable). Be

sure to observe all static precautions.

3) Install any necessary imaging software.

4) Before connecting power to the camera, test all power supplies.

5) Inspect all cables and connectors prior to installation. Do not use damaged cables or

connectors. The camera may be damaged as a result.

6) Connect Camera Link and power cables.

7) After connecting cables, apply power to the camera.

8) Check the diagnostic LED. If the camera is operating correctly, the LED will flash for

approximately 30 seconds and then turn solid green. See 2.2.1 LED Status Indicator for a description of LED states.

You must also set up the other components of your system, including light sources, camera mounts, computers, optics, encoders, and so on.

A note on Camera Link cable quality and length

The maximum allowable Camera Link cable length depends on the quality of the cable used and the Camera Link strobe frequency. Cable quality degrades over time as the cable is flexed. As the Camera Link strobe frequency is increased, the maximum allowable cable length will decrease.

Imaging performance may be compromised if you use low quality cables of any length. In general, use high quality cables in lengths less than 10 meters.

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Falcon 4M Camera Manual

Camera Link (Base Configuration)

Camera Link (Medium Configuration)

Diagnostic LED

+12V to +15V

CONTROL DATA 1

DATA 2

POWER

Color of Status LED

Meaning

Flashing Green

Camera initialization or executing a time consuming command

Solid Green

Camera is operational and functioning correctly

Flashing Red

Fatal Error. System voltage out of tolerance.

Solid Red

Warning. Loss of functionality (e.g. external SRAM failure)

2.2 Input/Output Connectors and LED

The camera uses:  A diagnostic LED for monitoring the camera. See LED Status Indicator in section 2.2.1

LED Status Indicator for details.

 Two high-density 26-pin MDR26 connectors for Camera Link control signals, data

signals, and serial communications. Refer to section 2.2.2 Camera Link

 Data Connector for details.  One 6-pin Hirose connector for power. Refer to section 2.2.3 Power Connector for

details.

Figure 9: Input and Output

WARNING:

Ensure that all the correct voltages at full load are present at the camera power connector (irrespective of cable length) according to the pinout defined in section 2.2.3 Power Connector. A common system problem is that the voltage drop across the power cable is large enough that the voltage at the camera does not meet the power input voltage specifications.

2.2.1 LED Status Indicator

The camera is equipped with a red/ green LED used to display the operational status of the camera. The table below summarizes the operating states of the camera and the corresponding LED states.

When more than one condition is active, the LED indicates the condition with the highest priority. Error and warning states are accompanied by corresponding messages further describing the current camera status.

Status LED

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Falcon 4M Camera Manual

Configuration

8 Bit Ports Supported

Serializer Bit Width

Number of Chips

Number of MDR26 Connectors

Base

A, B, C

28 1 1

Medium

A, B, C, D, E, F

28 2 2

BASE Configuration

Port Definition

Mode (set with clm command)

Port A Bits 0 thru 7

Port B Bits 0 thru 7

Port C Bits 0 thru 7

Mode 2 2 Tap 8 bit

Tap 1 LSB..Bit 7

Tap 2 LSB..Bit7

xxxxxxx

Mode 3 2 Tap 10 bit

Tap 1 LSB.. Bit 7

Tap 1 Bits 8,9 Tap 2 Bits 8,9

Tap 2 LSB..Bit 7

Medium Configuration

Port Definition

Mode

Port A Bits 0 thru

Port B Bits 0 thru

Port C Bits 0 thru

Port D Bits 0

thru 7

Port E Bits 0

thru 7

Port F Bits 0

thru 7

Mode 15 4 Tap 8 bit

Tap 1 LSB...Bit 7

Tap 2 LSB...Bit 7

Tap 3 LSB...Bit 7

Tap 4 LSB...Bit 7

xxxxxxxx

Mode 16 4 Tap 10 bit

Tap 1 LSB...Bit 7

Tap 1 Bits 8,9 Tap 2 Bits 8,9

Tap 2 LSB...Bit 7

Tap 4 LSB…Bit 7

Tap 3

LSB…Bit

Tap 3 Bit 8,9

Tap 4 Bit 8,9

2.2.2 Camera Link

Data Connector

Figure 10: Camera Link MDR26 Connector

The Camera Link interface is implemented as either Base or Medium configuration in the Falcon 4M cameras.

Select the camera configuration with the clm command described in the section Setting the Camera Link Mode.

The following tables provide this cam era‘s p rin cip al Camer a Link information. See Appendix A for the complete Camera Link configuration table, and refer to the Knowledge Center on our Web site, here, for links to the official Camera Link documents.

Camera Link Hardware Configuration Summary

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Falcon 4M Camera Manual

Medium Configuration

Base Configuration

Up to an additional 2 Channel Link Chips

One Channel Link Chip + Camera Control + Serial Communication

Camera Connector

Right Angle Frame Grabber

Connector

Channel Link Signal

Camera Connector

Right Angle Frame Grabber Connector

Channel Link Signal

1 1 inner shield

1 1

inner shield

Y0- 2

X0-

Y0+ 15

X0+ 3 24

Y1- 3

X1-

Y1+ 16

X1+ 4 23

Y2- 4

X2-

Y2+ 17

X2+ 5 22

Yclk-

5 22

Xclk-

18 9 Yclk+

18 9 Xclk+

Y3- 6

X3-

19 8 Y3+ 19 8 X3+ 7 20

100 ohm

7 20

SerTC+

20 7 terminated

20 7 SerTC-

Z0- 8

SerTFG-

21 6 Z0+ 21 6 SerTFG+

Z1- 9

CC1-

22 5 Z1+ 22 5 CC1+

Z2- 10

CC2+

23 4 Z2+ 23 4 CC2-

Zclk-

CC3-

24 3 Zclk+

24 3 CC3+

Z3- 12

CC4+

25 2 Z3+ 25 2 CC4-

inner shield

Signal

Configuration

CC1

EXSYNC

CC2

Reserved for future use

CC3

Reserved for future use

CC4

Window toggle

Camera Link Connector Pinout

Notes:

*Exterior Overshield is connected to the shells of the connectors on both ends. **3M part 14X26-SZLB-XXX-0LC is a complete cable assembly, including connectors. Unused pairs should be terminated in 100 ohms at both ends of the cable. Inner shield is connected to signal ground inside camera

Camera Control Configuration

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Clocking Signal

Indicates

LVAL (high)

Outputting valid line

DVAL (high)

Valid data

STROBE (rising edge)

Valid data

FVAL (high)

Outputting valid frame

Hirose Pin Description

Description

12 to 15V

GND

12 to 15V

GND

12 to 15V

GND

IMPORTANT:

Camera readout is triggered on the falling edge of EXSYNC.

Input Signals, Camera Link

The camera accepts control inputs through the Camera Link MDR26F connector. The camera ships in internal sync, internal programmed integration (exposure mode 2),

and Camera Link mode 16 (4M60) or 3 (4M30).

EXSYNC

Frame rate can be programmed using the serial interface. The external control signal EXSYNC is optional and enabled through the serial interface. This camera uses the falling edge of EXSYNC to trigger frame readout. Section 3.3 Camera Output Format details how to set frame times, exposure times, and camera modes.

Output Signals, Camera Link

These signals indicate when data is valid, allowing you to clock the data from the camera to your acquisition system. These signals are part of the Camera Link configuration and you should refer to the Camera Link Implementation Road Map, available from the Knowledge Center on our Web site, here, for the standard location of these signals.

 The camera internally digitizes to 10 bits and outputs 8 MSB or all 10 bits depending

on the ca m era‘s Ca m era Lin k operating mode.

 For a Camera Link reference and timing definitions refer to Appendix A on page 73.

2.2.3 Power Connector

Figure 11: Hirose 6-pin Circular Male—Power Connector

The camera requires a single voltage input (+12 to +15V).

WARNING: When setting up the camera’s power supplies follow these guidelines:

 Protect the camera with a fast-blow fuse between power supply and camera.  Power surge limit at 3 A.  12 V power supply. Nominal 0.85 A load resulting in ~ 20 A/ s current ramp rate

 Power supply current limit needs to be set at > 3 A.

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 Do not use the shield on a multi-conductor cable for ground.

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 Keep cables as short as possible to reduce voltage drop. Long power supply leads

may falsely indicate that the power supply is within the recommended voltage range even when the camera at the connector is actually being sup plied with much less voltage.

 Use high-quality linear supplies to minimize noise.  Use an isolated type power supply to prevent LVDS common mode range violation.

Note: Performance specifications are not guaranteed if your power supply does not meet

these requirements.

WARNING: It is extremely important that you apply the appropriate voltages to your camera. Incorrect voltages will damage the camera. Protect the camera with a fast-blow fuse between power supply and camera.

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Software Interface: How to Control the Camera

All camera features can be controlled through the serial interface. The camera can also be used without the serial interface after it has been set up correctly. Functions available include:

 Controlling basic camera functions such as gain and sync signal source  Data readout control  Generating a test pattern for debugging

 The serial interface uses a simple ASCII-based protocol and the camera does not

require any custom software.

Serial Protocol Defaults

 8 data bits  1 stop bit  No parity  No flow control  9.6 Kbps  Camera does not echo characters

Command Format

When entering commands, remember that:

 A carriage return <CR> ends each command.  The camera will answer each command with either <CR><LF> OK > or Error x:

Error Message >. The > is always the last character sent by the camera.

 The camera accepts both upper and lower case commands.  The following parameter conventions are used in the manual:

 i = integer value

f = real number m = member of a set. Value must be entered exactly as displayed on help screen.

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Purpose:

Sets the speed in bps of the serial communication port.

Syntax:

sbr m

Syntax Elements:

Baud rate. Available baud rates are: 9600 (Default), 19200,

57600, and 115200.

Notes:

 Power-on rate is always 9600 baud.  The rc (reset camera) command will not reset the camera to

the pow er-on baud rate and will reboot using the last used baud rate.

Example:

sbr 57600

Syntax:

s = string t = tap id x = pixel column number y = pixel row number

Example: to retrieve the current camera settings

gcp <CR>

Setting Baud Rate

Camera Help Screen

For quick help, the camera can retrieve all available commands and parameters through the serial interface.

To view the help screen, use the command:

The help screen lists all commands available. Parameter ranges displayed are the ranges available under the current operating conditions. The ranges depend on the current camera operating conditions, and you may not be able to enter these values.

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ccf correction calculate fpn clm camera link mode m 2/ 3/ 15/ 16/ cpa correction prnu algorithm mi 2/ 4/ :1-1023 csn coefficient set number i 0-5 css correction set sample m 32/ 64/ 128/ 256/ 512/ 1024/ dpc display pixel coefficients xyxy 1-2352:1-1728:1-2352:1-1728 edc enable debounce circuit m 0/ 1/ efd enable frame dump m 0/ 1/ 2/ epc enable pixel coefficients ii 0-1:0-1 gcm get camera model gcp get camera parameters gcs get camera serial gcv get camera version gfc get fpn coefficient xy 1-2352:1-1728 gpc get prnu coefficient xy 1-2352:1-1728 gsf get signal frequency m 1/ 4/ h help lpc load pixel coefficient rc reset camera rfs restore factory settings rpc reset pixel coefficients rus restore user settings sao set analog offset ti 0-0:0-511 sbr set baud rate m 9600/ 19200/ 57600/ 115200/ sdo set digital offset ti 0-2:0-2048 sem set exposure mode m 2/ 3/ 4/ 6/ 7/ set set exposure time f 10-999989 [us] sfc set fpn coefficient xyi 1-2352:1-1728:0-1023 snd set number frame dumps i 1-7 sot set output throughput m 260/ 320/ spc set prnu coefficient xyi 1-2352:1-1728:0-28671 spm set prnu multiplier m 4/ 8/ 16 ssb set subtract background ti 0-4:0-511 ssf set sync frequency f 1.0-62.2 [Hz] ssg set system gain ti 0-4:0-65535 svm set video mode i 0-12 tpv test pattern value m 63/ 127/ 255 vt verify temperature vv verify voltages wfc write fpn coefficients wpc write prnu coefficients wse window start end iixyxy 0-0:1-1:1-1:1-1725:2352-2352:4-1728 wss window set sequence i 0-1 wts window trigger source m 1/ 2/ wus write user settings

Example Help Screen (4M60)

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OK>

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Syntax:

gcp

Retrieving Camera Settings

To retrieve current camera settings, use the command:

3.1 First Power Up Camera Settings

When the camera is powered up for the first time, it operates using the following factory settings:

PT-4x-04M60

 Flat field coefficients enabled (calibrated in exposure mode 2, 55 fps, and an

exposure time of 2 ms [non-concurrent readout and integration], snapshot mode 1, number of fast frame dumps = 1)

 Exposure mode 2  60 fps  9995 µs exposure time  Camera Link mode 16 (Medium configuration, 4 taps. 10 bits)  80 MHz pixel rate (320 MHz total throughput)  Full window (2352 x 1728)  Snapshot mode 1 enabled (EFD 1)

PT-2x-04M30

 Flat field coefficients enabled (calibrated in exposure mode 2, 29 fps, and

exposure time of 2 ms [non-concurrent readout and integration], snapshot mode 1, number of fast frame dumps = 1)

 Exposure mode 2  30 fps  14992 µs exposure time  Camera Link mode 3 (Medium configuration, 2 taps. 10 bits)  80 MHz pixel rate (160 total throughput)  Full window (2352 x 1728)  Snapshot mode 1 (EFD 1)

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Factory

Settings

Current

Session

wus

rus

rfs

User

Settings

3.2 Saving and Restoring Settings

Figure 12: Saving and Restoring Overview

Factory Settings

You can restore the original factory settings at any time using the command rfs. Note: This command does not restore flat field coefficients. Refer to the lpc command.

User Settings

You can save or restore your user settings to non -volatile memory using the following commands.

 To save all current user settings to non-volatile memory, use the command wus. The

camera will automatically restore the saved user settings when powered up.

 To restore the last saved user settings, use the command rus.

Note: on power-up the camera will restore the FFC coefficients where csn is pointing to. Example:

csn 1 (and choose coeff set 1)

wus rc or power cycle Coefficients from csn 1 are restored

Current Session Settings

These are the current operating settings of your camera. These settings are stored in the

cam era‘s volatile m em ory and w ill n ot be restored once y ou p ow er d ow n your cam era or

issue a reset camera command (rc). To save these settings for reuse at power up, use the command wus.

3.3 Camera Output Format

3.3.1 How to Configure Camera Output

The 4M Falcon cameras offer great flexibility when configuring your camera output. Using the clm comm a n d , you d eterm in e the cam era‘s Cam era Lin k configuration,

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Camera Link Mode Configuration (Controlled by clm command)

Pixel Rate Configuration (Controlled by

sot command)

Command

Camera Link Configuration

Camera Link Taps

Bit Depth

clm 2

Base

2 Camera Link taps where: 1 = Taps 1+3 2 = Taps 2+4

sot 130 = 65

MHz strobe

sot 160 = 80

MHz strobe

clm 3

Base

2 Camera Link taps where: 1 = Taps 1+3 2 = Taps 2+4

sot 130 = 65

MHz strobe

sot 160 = 80

MHz strobe

number of output taps, and bit depth. Using the sot command, you determine the

cam era‘s outpu t rat e. These tw o com mand s work tog eth er to d etermin e you r fin a l cam era

output configuration.

4M30 Data Readout Configurations

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Camera Link Mode Configuration (Controlled by clm command)

Pixel Rate Configuration (Controlled by

sot command)

Command

Camera Link Configuration

Camera Link Taps

Bit Depth

clm 2

Base

2 Camera Link taps where: 1 = Taps 1+3 2 = Taps 2+4

sot 130 = 65

MHz strobe

sot 160 = 80

MHz strobe

clm 3

Base

2 Camera Link taps where: 1 = Taps 1+3 2 = Taps 2+4

sot 130 = 65

MHz strobe

sot 160 = 80

MHz strobe

clm 15

Medium

4 Camera Link taps where: 1 = Tap 1 2 = Tap 2 3 = Tap 3 4 = Tap 4

sot 260 = 65

MHz strobe sot

320 = 80 MHz

strobe

clm 16

Medium

4 Camera Link taps where: 1 = Tap 1 2 = Tap 2 3 = Tap 3 4 = Tap 4

sot 260 = 65

MHz strobe

sot 320 = 80

MHz strobe

Purpose:

Sets th e cam era‘s Cam era Lin k con figuration, number of Camera Link taps and data bit depth. Refer to the tables above for a description of each Camera Link mode.

Syntax:

clm m

Syntax Elements:

Output mode to use:

2: Base configuration, 2 taps, 8 bit output 3: Base configuration, 2 taps, 10 bit output 15: Medium configuration, 4 taps, 8 bit output (4M60 only) 16: Medium configuration, 4 taps, 10 bit output (4M60 only)

Notes:

 To retrieve the current Camera Link mode, use the

command gcp

 For details on line times and frame readout times when

using a window of interest, refer to following table.

Example:

clm 3

4M60 Data Readout Configurations

3.3.2 Setting the Camera Link Mode

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Purpose:

Sets the camera link strobe frequency. Refer to the How to Configure Camera Output section, above, for a description of how camera link strobe frequency relate to th e cam era‘s Cam era Link mode.

Syntax:

sot m

Syntax Elements:

If using Camera Link mode 2 or 3: 130: 65 MHz camera link strobe with a total throughput of 130

MHz

160: 80 MHz camera link strobe with a total throughput of 160

MHz If using Camera Link 15 or 16 (4M60 only): 260: 65 MHz camera link strobe with a total throughput of 260

MHz 320: 80 MHz camera link strobe with a total throughput of 320

MHz

Notes:

 To retrieve the current throughput, use the command gcp or

get sot.

Example:

sot 260

1. You must first set the camera‘s exp osu re mode using the sem command.

2. Next, if operating in exposure mode 2 use the command ssf to set the frame rate and

the set command to set the exposure time if in exposure mode 2 or 6.

3.3.3 Setting the Camera Link Strobe Frequency

3.4 Setting Exposure Mode, Frame Rate and Exposure Time

Overview

You have a choice of operating in one of three exposure modes. To select how you want th e cam era‘s frame rate to b e gener ated :

3.4.1 Non-concurrent vs. concurrent modes of operation

One of the main benefits of global shutter CMOS devices is that you have the choice to operate the camera where integration and readout are concurrent or where integration and readout are not concurrent. Integration refers to the time period that the camera can be exposed to light and is often referred to as exposure time. Readout refers to the time it takes to read out every pixel from the camera. For a 60 fps camera, such as the Falcon 4M60, the readout period is around 16.6 ms.

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Concurrent mode is when the camera is integrating the current frame (Frame 1) and at the same time is reading out the prior frame (Frame 0). By performing integration and

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readout in parallel the Falcon 4M60 camera is capable of reaching 60fps. A timing diagram helps to explain this mode of operation.

Concurrent Mode Timing Diagram

In concurrent mode, a low -to-high transition in the EXSYNC signal starts the integration time, and a high-to-low transition in the EXSYNC signal starts the readout of image data. As your frame period approaches the readout period, by reducing the Waiting time, the Falcon 4M60 camera approaches its maximum frame rate of 60 fps.

In non-concurrent mode the integration and readout period do not ov erlap. While this does impact your overall frame rate, the main benefit is that in non -concurrent mode you eliminate or minimize imaging artifacts. When possible, operate the 4M60 camera in nonconcurrent mode.

A timing diagram helps to explain the non-concurrent mode operation.

Non-concurrent Mode Timing Diagram

In non-concurrent mode, a low -to-high transition in the EXSYNC signal starts the integration time, and a high-to-low transition in the EXSYNC signal starts the readout of image data. This is the same as in concurrent mode. The difference between these two modes is that you do not perform your next low -to-high transition of EXSYNC until readout has completed. The waiting period can be reduced to 0 seconds by starting the low-to-high transition immediately after readout is complete. The readout time is a fixed amount of time that is dependant upon the mode of operation of the camera, but is typically around 16.6 ms.

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Purpose:

Sets th e cam era‘s exp osu r e mod e allow in g you to con trol you r

sync, exposure time, and frame rate generation.

Syntax:

sem m

Syntax Elements:

Exposure mode to use. Factory default setting is 2.

Notes:

 Refer to the Exposure Modes table below for a quick list of

available modes or to the following sections for a more detailed explanation.

 To obtain the current value of the exposure mod e, use the

command gcp.

Related Commands:

ssf, set

Example:

sem 4

Mode

SYNC

Programmable Frame Rate

Programmable Exposure Time

Description

Internal

Yes

Internal frame rate and exposure time.

External

Smart EXSYNC.

External

Yes

EXSYNC pulse controlling the frame rate. Programmed exposure time.

3.4.2 Setting the Exposure Mode

Exposure Modes

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Frame Time Frame Time

Readout Time Readout Time

Exposure Time Exposure Time

Programmable (SET) Programmable (SET)

Internally-generated

Exsync

Programmable (SSF) Programmable (SSF)

FVAL

Exposure Modes in Detail

Mode 2: Internally Programmable Frame Rate and Exposure Time (Default)

The parameter being programmed (i.e. frame rate or exposure time) will be the driving factor so that when setting the frame rate, exposure time will decrease, if necessary, to accommodate the new frame rate. In reverse, the frame rate is decreased, if necessary, when the exposure time entered is greater than the frame period.

Refer to Allowable Exposure Time Increments on page 36 for details on minimum exposure time increments for this mode.

Note: The camera will not set frame periods shorter than the readout period.

Figure 13: Mode 2.

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Frame Time Frame Time

Readout Time Readout Time

Exposure Time Exposure Time

User Exsync

FVAL

Frame Time Frame Time

Readout Time

Exposure Time

Programmable (SET)

User Exsync

FVAL

Exposure Time

Programmable (SET)

Internally-generated Exsync

Mode 4: Smart EXSYNC, External Frame Rate and Exposure Time

In this mode, EXSYNC sets both the frame period and the exposure time. The rising edge of EXSYNC marks the beginning of the exposure and the falling edge initiates readout.

Refer to the Allowable Exposure Time Increments table on page 36 for details on minimum exposure time increments for this mode.

Figure 14: Mode 4.

Mode 6: External Frame Rate, Programmable Exposure Time

In this mode, the frame rate is set externally with the falling edge of EXSYNC generating the rising edge of a programmable exposure time.

Figure 15: Mode 6.

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Purpose:

Sets th e cam era‘s frame r ate in frames per second (Hz).

Syntax:

ssf f

Syntax Elements:

Set the frame rate in Hz in a range from 1-60.4 (4M60 full frame, 80 MHz camera link strobe, efd 1) or 1-30.6 (4M30 full frame, 80 MHz camera link strobe, efd 1). Range increases when using a vertical wind ow of interest.

Notes:

 Camera must be operating in exposure mode 2.  Allowable range is dependent on the current Camera Link

mode, snapshot mode, number of fast frame dumps and window size. Refer to section above for more information on Camera Link modes. Refer to section 3.5 for more information on setting a window size.

 Changing the frame rate will automatically adjust the

exposure time if necessary. The camera sends a warning w hen this occurs.

 Refer to section 3.3.3 Setting the Camera Link Strobe

Frequency for more information on how to set the camera link strobe.

 When in SEM 2, the help screen (h) will shown the limits for

SSF

Related Commands:

sem, set

Example:

ssf 25.0

3.4.2 Setting the Frame Rate

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Purpose:

Sets th e cam era‘s exp osu r e tim e in µs.

Syntax:

set f

Syntax Elements:

Floating point number in µs. Allowable range is 10-999989 µs. The following table lists allowable increments.

Notes:

 Camera must be operating in exposure mode 2 or mode 6.  To retrieve the current exposure time, use the command gcp.  If you enter an exposure time outside of a valid range, the input

will not be accepted. Refer to the help screen (h command) for the valid range.

 If you enter an exposure time which overlaps with the frame

readout, the exposure time will automatically adjust to integral units of exposure time increments (only in sem 2). The camera adjusts the exposure without warning. Refer to Allowable Exposure Time Increments.

 Changing the exposure time will automatically adjust the frame

rate if necessary (only for sem 2). The camera sends a w arning when this occurs.

Related Commands:

sem, ssf, clm

Example:

set 5500

Camera Link Mode (clm command)

Allowable Exposure Time Increments

15 or 16

18.513 µs (80/ 65 MHz camera link strobe)

1 µs

when exposure time overlaps frame readout

when exposure time does not overlap frame readout

2 or 3

37.038 µs (80 MHz camera link strobe)

45.638 µs (65 MHz camera link strobe)

1 µs

when exposure time overlaps frame readout

when exposure time does not overlap frame readout

3.4.3 Setting the Exposure Time

Allowable Exposure Time Increments

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Note: Although you must be operating the camera in exposure mode 2 or mode 6 in order

to use the set exposure time (set) command, the allowable exposure time increments listed above also apply to exposure mode 4 (Smart EXSYNC) or 6 when exposure time

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Purpose:

When enabled, the camera does not respond to any pulses on the Exync input smaller than 1µs. The camera ships with this feature disabled.

Syntax:

edc i

Syntax Elements:

EXSYNC debounce.

0 = EXSYNC debounce disabled 1 = EXSYNC debounce enabled

Notes:

 When disabled, the camera responds to the User EXSYNC input

the same as previous camera versions (00-R and non-RoHS).

Example:

edc 1

Purpose:

Optimizes camera timing for specific EXSYNC situations.

Syntax:

efd i

Syntax Elements:

Snapshot mode.

0 = Snapshot mode 0 (off, no fast frame dump) 1 = Snapshot mode 1 (default)

2 = Snapshot mode 2

Notes:



Example:

efd 1

overlaps frame readout. This is because, in exposure mode 4, the falling edge is captured by the camera every 18.513 µs for example in the case of clm 15 or 16, sot 320. In exposure modes 4 or 6 the exposure time effectively has an uncertainty of the allowable time increment.

Refer to section 3.4 Exposure Correction for more information on the clm and sot (sets pixel rate) commands.

Refer to section Figure 13: Mode 2 on page 33 for an example where exposure time overlaps frame readout.

3.4.4 Enabling EXSYNC Debounce Circuit

3.5 Snapshot Modes

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Snapshot Mode

The Falcon 4M60 and Falcon 4M30 cameras include a feature called Snapshot Mode. Snapshot Modes 1 and 2 allow the camera to produce usable images when intervals between EXSYNCs are large (>200 ms).

Previously only snapshot mode 0 was available (no fast frame dump) which would even tu ally resu lt in a comp letely saturated ‗first‘ image after a very long EXSYNC idle period (seconds), as shown below .

First Frame Elevated Offset - efd 0,sem 4, External EXSYNC and exposure (smart EXSYNC)

By altering the internal timing, Snapshot Mode 1 performs a fast clearing of a frame concurrently with integration. Thus, any dark current that caused elevated dark offset levels, FPN or hot pixels, is cleared from the sensor prior to readout. The end result is that the camera produces a usable first image.

With Snapshot Mode 1, please note that the timing of EXSYNC with respect to the in tegration time has changed. The figure below illustrates Snapshot Mode 1 timing. The difference is that the Integration Time, Z, is now equal to the EXSYNC high time, X, plus the time it takes to clear the image, Y (plus 3.1 µs of additional overhead). The total time to clear the frame is Y (approximately 500 µs). Therefore, the minimum integration time in Snapshot Mode 1 is Y + 3.1 µs. The exact value of Y is listed in the gcp screen as DUMP TIME.

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Snapshot Mode 1. Exposure concurrent with readout is allowed

If, having a minimum integration time of about 500 µs is not acceptable, then Snapshot Mode 2 can be used, below, which allows for integration times as low as 10 µs at the expense of concurrent integration and readout. Therefore, it is recommended to only use Snapshot Mode 2 if your integration time must be below 500 µs. This is also the reason why Snapshot Mode 1 is the default mode. The following figure shows the timing operation of Snapshot Mode 2. Notice that with Snapshot Mode 2 there is a delay of Y between the rise of integration and when exposure begins.

Snapshot Mode 2. Exposure concurrent with readout is NOT allowed

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The following timing diagrams show how the timing changes when snapshot modes are enabled in sem 2.

sem 2, Snapshot Mode 1 (fast frame dump at falling edge of EXSYNC)

sem 2,. Snapshot Mode 2 (fast frame dump at rising edge of EXSYNC)

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CSN

EFD

0, 3 1 1, 4 0 2, 5

Determining the Y parameter

As mentioned, the Y parameter is around 500 µs. The Y parameter depends upon the number of rows used, whether the camera outputs at 80 MHz or 65 MHz, and whether the camera being used is in 2 tap mode (Falcon 4M30) or 4 tap mode (Falcon 4M60). To obtain the Y parameter, execute the gcp command. The camera should respond and state:

―Frame Du mp Tim e: 487.5 µs‖. The 487.5 µs used here represents the Y parameter for the factory settings of the Falcon

4M60.

What do I do if I cannot use either Snapshot Mode?

We recommend that you operate the camera in Snapshot Mod e. However, in some cases this may not be possible. Therefore, the camera can be setup to disable Snapshot Mode (efd 0) and return the camera to the mode used prior to the introduction of Snapshot Mode.

Different snapshot modes will produce different FPN, and possibly different PRNU patterns. The user is encouraged to match the snapshot mode with their corresponding coefficients. This camera has 6 sets of coefficients: 3 factory and 3 user:

FPN and PRNU coefficients for set 0 (csn 0) were calculated with EFD 1 and set 1 with EFD 0 as shown above, etc. Sets 3 to 5 can be user writen, and mirror their factory counterparts as shown above.

Example:

 The user changes from snapshot mode 1 to 0.  In order to load the appropriate coefficients we must first point to the right set by

sending csn 1.

 The coefficients need to be then loaded into volatile memory by sending lpc.  If the user wishes to load csn 1 on camera power-up then these settings should be

saved by sending wus.

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Purpose:

Sets the number of fast-frame dumps to be used within snapshot modes 1 or 2.

Syntax:

snd i

Syntax Elements:

Set number of frame dumps. 1-7

Notes:

Only enabled during Snapshot modes (efd) 1 or 2.

Example:

snd 3

Set Number of Frame Dumps

When within snapshots modes 1 and 2 the user can choose to perform more than one fast frame dump during a dump sequence. In some cases increasing the number of fast frame dumps may help reduce the small residuals left behind after long EXSYNC idle times. In general the user is recommended to use the factory default setting: snd 1.

Note that increasing the number of dumps will decrease the maximum frame rate that can be achieved (this can be queried using the help screen in sem 2).

3.6 Setting a Vertical Window of Interest

A window of interest is a subset of a full frame image that is desired as output from the camera. Because the sensor is outputting only the designated window of interest, the benefit is an increase in frame rate and a reduction in data volume.

To allow quick activation of new window coordinates, the camera allows you to preset one sequence of window coordinates. These coordinates wait for a trigger and because they have been preprogrammed, the new window is activated extremely quickly.

To set a window of interest

1. Set the window activation method— either software activated (wts 1) or hardware

activated through CC4 (wts 2).

2. Set the window coordinates, using the command wse 0 1 x y x y.

3. Activate the window coordinates by: o transitioning CC4 to its complementary logic state when using an external

window control source ( wts = 2) .

o transitioning to wss 0 or wss 1 depending on the complementary logic state

when using an internal window control source ( wts = 1).

4. When, or if, necessary, repeat steps 2 and 3 to set and activate a new window.

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Max Frame Rate vs Vertical Window Size

10.0

100.0

1000.0

10000.0

0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000

Vertical Window Size (# lines)

Max Frame Rate (fps) _

clm 16, sot 320 clm 3, sot 160

Purpose:

Sets a window of interest.

Syntax:

wse q i x1 y1 x2 y2

Syntax Elements:

Window sequence id to use. In this camera, the sequence id is always 0.

Window to set. You can only set one window, so this is always

1. x1

Window start corner value. Since there is only a vertical (and not horizontal) window of interest in this camera, this value is always set to 1.

Window start pixel number in a range from 1-1725 and must belong to the following set: 1, 5, 9, …1725.

Window end corner value. Since there is only vertical (and not horizontal) window of interest in this camera, this value is

The following graph illustrates the relationship of maximum frame rate versus sequence size.

Figure 17: Maximum Frame Rate versus Sequence Size (efd 1, snd 1)

Window Start End Command

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always set to 2352.

Window end pixel number in range from 2-1728 and must belong to the following set: 4, 8, 12, …1728.

Related Commands:

wss, wts

Example:

wse 0 1 1 13 2352 544

Purpose:

This command sets the control method for toggling window sequences.

Syntax:

wts i

Syntax Elements:

New window sequence is triggered through software command wss.

New window sequence is triggered through Camera Link inputs (CC4).

Related Commands:

wss

Example:

wts 2

Notes:

 If you are using a hardware trigger (wts = 2), refer to Figure

18 for timing requirements.

 If you are using a software trigger, refer to the next section for

command syntax and timing requirements.

New Window Sequence

thWLEVtsWLEV

EXSYNC

Window Select (CC4)

Table 1: Line Time and Frame Readout Time when using a Window of Interest

A rough estimate of the frame readout time, when using a large (100 lines+) window of interest, can be found using the following formula:

Frame Readout Time= ( Number of Lines + 1) x Sensor Line Time Where Sensor Line Time = 18.5 µs @ CLM 15/16, SOT 320/260 = 37.0 µs @ CLM 2/3, SOT 160 = 45.6 µs @ CLM 2/3, SOT 130

Setting the Window Sequence

Figure 18: Detailed Timing Requirements for Hardware Triggering New Window Sequence

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Symbol

Definition

Min

Max

thWLEV

Window Level Hold Time- The Window Control Signals must remain valid and constant after the EXSYNC falling edge for at least the thWLEV time.

3 EXSYNCs

tsWLEV

Window Level Set Time- The Window Control Signals must remain valid and constant at least tsWLEV before the EXSYNC falling edge.

3 EXSYNCs

Purpose:

This command loads a new window sequence.

Syntax:

wss m

Syntax Elements:

Window sequence trigger where changing from 0 to 1 (or vice versa) toggles the current window sequence being used.

Related Commands:

wts

Example:

wss 0

Notes:

 There is a delay between the issue of the wss command and the

time when the new window sequence is triggered (Figure 19)

 When toggling windows, the camera discards the first frame

read out after the toggle. This prevents the camera from sending out erroneous data.

 Upon pow er up or reset of camera, the camera assumes that a

wss 0 has already been executed .

wss

value

Current Window Sequence New Window Sequence

tDelay

Serial Communication

Window Sequence

Exsync

Symbol

Definition

Min

Max

tDelay

This is the time d elay that occurs to decode the wss command.

1 EXSYNC

3 EXSYNCs

Timing Parameters

Toggling Window Sequences Using a Software Trigger

Figure 19: Time Delay for New Window to Become Active when Using wss Command

Timing Parameters

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where

output

digital output pixel value

input

digital input pixel value from the sensor

PRNU( pixel)

PRNU correction coefficient for this pixel

FPN( pixel )

FPN correction coefficient for this pixel

Background Subtract

background subtract value

System Gain

digital gain value

Note: If your illumination or white reference does not extend the full field of view of the camera, the camera will send a warning.

3.7 Flat Field Correction

This camera has the ability to calculate correction coefficients in order to remove non uniformity in the image. This video correction operates on a pixel-by-pixel basis and implements a two point correction for each pixel. This correction can reduce or eliminate image distortion caused by the following factors:

 Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN)  Photo Response Non Uniformity (PRNU)  Lens and light source non-uniformity

Correction is implemented such that for each pixel:

output

=[(V

- FPN( pixel ) - digital offset) * PRNU(pixel) – Background Subtract] x System Gain

input

The algorithm is performed in two steps. The fixed offset (FPN) is determined first by performing a calculation without any light. This calibration determines exactly how m uch offset to subtract per pixel in order to obtain flat output when the sensor is not exposed.

The white light (PRNU) calibration is performed next to determine the multiplication factors required to bring each pixel to the required value (target) for fla t, white output. Video output is set slightly above the brightest pixel (depending on offset subtracted).

It is important to do the FPN correction first. Results of the FPN correction are used in the PRNU procedure. We recommend that you repeat the correction when a temperature change greater than 10 °C occurs (the factory temp is about 37 °C, vt command). In snapshot mode 1, FPN coefficients are not particularly sensitive to changes in frame rate or integration time. In snapshot modes 0 and 2, FPN coefficients will be sensitive to changes in frame rate.

PRNU correction requires a clean, white reference. The quality of this reference is important for proper calibration. White paper is often not sufficient because the grain in the white paper will distort the correction. White plastic or white ceramic will lead to better balancing.

For best results, ensure that:

1) 60 Hz ambient light flicker is sufficiently low not to affect camera performance and calibration results.

2) The average pixel should be at least 25% below the target output. If the target is too close, then some pixels may not be able to reach full swing (1023 DN) due to correction applied by the camera.

3) When 6.25 % of pixels from a single row within the region of interest are clipped, flat field correction results may be inaccurate.

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4) Correction results are valid only for the current analog offset values. If you change this value, it is recommended that you recalculate your coefficients.

Let‘s go th r ou gh a flat field calibration example:

1) The camera is placed in sem 2 (no other exposure mode will allow FFC calibration)

2) Settings such as frame rate, exposure time, etc. are set as close as possible to the actual operating conditions. Set digital gain to X1 (ssg 0 4096) and background subtract to 0 (ssb 0 0) as these are the defaults during FFC calibration.

3) Place the camera in the dark and send CCF, this performs the FPN correction and automatically save the FPN coefficients to non-volatile memory

4) Set epc 1 0, which enables the FPN correction and verify the signal output is close to 0 DN. Leave epc 1 0 for the next step since the cpa target assumes there is no FPN. This is important on the 4M60/ 30 due to the large dark offset values.

5) Illuminate the sensor, such that with EPC 1 0, it reaches 50 - 70 % saturation.

6) Send cpa 2 T where T is typically 1.3X the average output level. This is important since if the target is too low (<1.1X), then some pixels may not be able to reach full swing (1023 DN) due to corrections applied by the camera.

Here is the factory calibration procedure for Snapshot Mode 1 (efd 1):

1) The camera is placed in sem 2, sot 320, clm 16, efd 1, snd 1, full window, ssg

0 4096, ssb 0 0, sao 0 0, ssf 55, set 2000. This last part is important, ssf 55 and set 2000 ensures that the camera is in non-concurrent mode. In non-

concurrent mode, readout and integration do not overlap thus eliminating some residual artifacts associated with concurrent mode.

2) The camera is placed in the dark and ccf is run

3) With epc 1 0 the sensor is illuminated (Light Source: Broadband Quartz Halogen, 3250 K, with a 750 nm cutoff filter) with a light level of 22.8 W/ cm2. This ensures each camera will have the same responsivity since the light level and target value are always the same. Typical output levels for the camera at this light level are 650.

4) The sensor window at this point has been cleaned thoroughly such that there are no significant blemishes present.

5) Send cpa 2 840. Typically this yields an average PRNU coefficient of about 1.3X.

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How can one match gain and offset values on multiple cameras? One way is of course to use flat field correction. All cameras would be set up under the

same conditions including lighting and then calibrated with ccf and cpa. This can be time-consuming and complicated (especially the white target). Another way is to use analog offset and system gain (digital gain):

1) Starting from factory settings (sao 0 0, ssg 0 4096, epc 1 1), take note what the highest dark offset is among the set of cameras. If the highest dark offset is h igher than about 16 DN (10 bit) you might want to consider recalibrating the FPN correction (ccf). Large differences in dark offset between the factory and user are typically caused by differences in temperature from factory to user. Large dark offsets will result in PRNU-correction-induced FPN and should therefore be avoided.

2) Increase the offset (camera in dark) on all cameras (sao command) until they are the same and reach at least 4 DN (10 bit).

3) Illuminate to about 80 % saturation (820 DN, 10 bit) and note the highest signal level among the set of cameras.

4) Increase the digital gain (ssg) on the cameras until they all reach the same output level (highest of all cameras).

5) Place camera in the dark and repeat step 2 to 4 until both dark offset and 80 % sat signal levels are equal on all cameras.

An important note on window blemishes:

When flat field correction is performed, window cleanliness is paramount. The figure below shows an example of what can happen if a blemish is present on the sensor window when flat field correction is performed. The blemish will cast a shadow on the wafer. FFC will compensate for this shadow by increasing the gain. Essentially FFC will create a white spot to compensate for the dark spot (shadow). As long as the angle of the incident light remains unchanged then FFC works well. However when the angle of incidence changes significantly (i.e. when a lens is added) then the shadow will shift and FFC will makes things worse by not correcting the new shadow (dark spot) and overcorrecting where the shadow used to be (white spot). While the dark spot can be potentially cleaned, the white spot is an FFC artifact that can only be corrected by another FFC calibration.

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A Note on the Color Model and FFC

Flat field correction can be used in the color cameras to both correct FPN and PRNU, as on mono cameras, and perform white balancing. However, we recommend that the user use the factory calibrated FFC coefficients for PRNU and FPN correction, and the digital system gain (ssg command) to perform white balancing.

For example, when a monochrome sensor images a uniform white target illuminated by a halogen light source, each pixel outputs approximately the same DN value. When the same target is imaged by a color sensor, the red pixels may produce more signal than the green pixels, which in turn produce more than the blue pixels.

White balancing involves increasing the gain of the blue and green pixels such that they match the values from the red. When all color channels are matched the image will look white when interpolated by the frame grabber or host PC.

From th e FFC algor ithm ‘s point of view this is simply a special case of PRNU which results in large differences for each of the PRNU coefficients, on a pixel-per-pixel basis, in order to compensate for color.

The same principles apply to color as to mono with the exception that you can expect to see a wider range of PRNU coefficient values.

Here is an example of a typical FFC calibration operation using a halogen light source:

1) The camera is placed in sem 2 (no other exposure mode will allow FFC calibration).

2) Settings such as frame rate, exposure time, etc. are set as close as possible to the actual operating conditions. Set digital gain to x1 (ssg 0 4096) and background subtract to 0 (ssb 0 0), as these are the defaults during FFC calibration.

3) Place the camera in the dark and send the ccf command , this function performs the FPN correction and automatically saves the FPN coefficients to non-volatile memory.

4) Set epc 1 0, which enables the FPN correction and verify that the signal output is close to 0 DN. Leave epc 1 0 for the next step as the cpa target assumes that there is no FPN. This is important on the 4M60/ 30 due to the large dark offset values.

5) Illuminate the sensor, such that with epc 1 0, the red channel (i.e. red pixels) reaches 50-70 % saturation. Here we assume that the red channel is the brightest and the blue channel the weakest.

Send cpa 2 T where T is typically 1.3x the average red channel output level. This step is important because if the target is too low (< 1.1x), then some pixels may not be able to reach full swing (1023 DN) due to other corrections applied by the camera. Also ensure that the blue channel is not too dim. The default spm setting is 8x which will allow for a maximum PRNU coefficient equal to 8x; hence the red channel should be LESS than 8x brighter than the blue (typically 4-5x is what we see in the factory).

In the factory, for color cameras only, we use a halogen light followed by a BG38 to act as a light source. The effective color temperature of this light is about 5200 K and its spectral distribution is shown in the figure below.

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Purpose:

Selects the coefficient set to use. The camera ships with a factory calibrated set of FPN and PRNU coefficients. The factory coefficients cannot be erased or modified.

Syntax:

csn i

Syntax Elements:

Coefficient set number to use. 0-2 = Factory calibrated sets of FPN and PRNU coefficients.

These coefficients cannot be erased or modified. 3-5 = User calibrated sets of FPN and PRNU coefficients. These

coefficients can be deleted or modified.

Notes:

 The camera ships with factory calibrated FPN and PRNU

coefficients saved to sets as follows:

csn

efd

0, 3 1 1, 4 0 2, 5

 When you first boot up the camera, the camera operates using

set 3 (csn 3) enabled.

 efd refers to which snapshot mode w as used during the FFC

calibration. Note that in csn 3,4, and 5 the user can recalibrate the FFC coefficients via the ccf and cpa commands using ANY snapshot mode, without restrictions.

Example:

csn 0

Figure 20: Spectral distribution of light source used during calibration of color cameras

only. This corresponds roughly to a 5200 K color temperature.

3.7.1 Selecting Factory or User Coefficients

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Purpose:

The camera ships with the FPN and PRNU coefficients enabled, but you can enable and disable FPN and PRNU coefficients whenever necessary.

Syntax:

epc i i

Syntax Elements:

FPN coefficients.

0 = FPN coefficients disabled 1 = FPN coefficients enabled

PRNU coefficients.

0 = PRNU coefficients disabled 1 = PRNU coefficients enabled

Notes:

 The coefficient set that you are enabling or disabling is

determined by the csn value. Refer to the previous section for an explanation of the csn command.

Example:

epc 0 1

Purpose:

Sets the number of frames to sample when performing pixel coefficient calculations. Higher values cause calibration to take longer but provide the most accurate results.

Syntax:

css i

Syntax Elements:

Number of lines to sample. Allowable values are 32, 64, 128 (factory default), 256, 512, or 1024.

Notes:

 To return the current setting, use the gcp command.

Example:

css 1024

3.7.2 Enabling Pixel Coefficients

3.7.3 Selecting the Calibration Sample Size

Setting the Number of Frames to Sample

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Purpose:

Performs FPN calibration and eliminates FPN noise by subtracting away individual pixel dark current.

Syntax:

ccf

Notes:

 Before performing this command, stop all light from entering

the camera. (Tip: cover lens with a lens cap.)

 The goal is to subtract all non -uniformities and offsets in order

to obtain a 0DN output in the dark. Analog offset should therefore be set to 0 since it gets subtracted out during CCF.

 Set the digital gain (ssg) to X1 since during calibration it gets

forced to X1 (ssg 0 4096).

 Perform FPN correction before PRNU correction.  The ccf command is not available w hen the camera is using the

factory calibrated coefficients (csn 0-2). You must select the user coefficient set (csn 3-5) before you can perform FPN calibration. An error message is returned if you attempt to perform FPN calibration when using csn 0-2.

Example:

ccf

Purpose:

Sets an in divid u al p ixel‘s FPN coefficient.

Syntax

sfc x y i

Syntax Elements:

The pixel column number from 1 to 2352.

The pixel row number from 1 to 1728.

Coefficient value in a range from 0 to 1023.

Notes:

 The sfc command is not available w hen the camera is using

the factory calibrated coefficients (csn 0-2). You must select the user coefficient set (csn 3-5) before you can perform FPN calibration. An error message is returned if you attempt to perform FPN calibration when using csn 0-2.

 Although in theory a user can optimize coefficients on a pixel-

by-pixel basis, in practice this becomes unmanageable as there are over 4 million pixels. Therefore, coefficient optimization via this command is discouraged.

Example:

sfc 10 50

3.7.4 Performing FPN Calibration

Calibrating All Camera Pixels

Calibrating Individual Pixels

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Purpose:

Performs PRNU calibration to a targeted, user defined value and eliminates the difference in responsivity between the most and least sensitive pixel creating a uniform response to light. Using this command, you must p rovide a calibration target.

Executing these algorithms causes the ssb command to be set to 0 (no background subtraction) and the ssg command to 4096 (unity digital gain). The pixel coefficients are disabled (epc 0 0) d uring the algorithm execution but return to the state they were prior to command execution.

Syntax:

cpa x y

Syntax Elements:

PRNU calibration algorithm to use: 2 = Calculates the PRNU coefficients using the entered target

value as shown below:

PRNU Coefficient =

Target

(AVG Pixel Value ) - (FPN + value)sdo

This algorithm is useful for achieving uniform output across multiple cameras. It is important that the target value (set with the next parameter) is set to be greater than 1.2X than the average signal level when FPN correction is enabled (EPC 1 0). This is to ensure that full signal swing can be reached for most pixels.

Peak target value in a range from 1 to 1023DN. The target value must be greater than the current peak output value. If some pixels are below the target value then the PRNU coefficients for said pixels will be set to 1X (ie. PRNU coefficients can never be less than 1X). Similarly the maximum PRNU coefficient is 4X, 8X, or 16X depending on the SPM setting, if more is needed it will clip at 4X, 8X, or 16X, respectively.

Notes:

 Calibrate FPN before calibrating PRNU. If you are not

performing FPN calibration then issue the rpc (reset pixel coefficients) command and set the sdo (set digital offset) value so that the output is near zero under dark. FPN calibration is highly recommended, the use of SDO is not.

 The cpa command is not available when the camera is using the

factory calibrated coefficients (csn 0-2). You must select the user coefficient set (csn 3-5) before you can perform PRNU calibration. An error message is returned if you attempt to perform PRNU calibration w hen using csn 0-2.

Example:

cpa 2 700

3.7.5 Performing PRNU Calibration

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Purpose:

Sets the maximum PRNU multiplier that will result when CPA is executed.

Syntax:

spm m

Syntax Elements:

Maximum multiplier value: 4X, 8X, or 16X

Notes:

 Note that the actual maximum multiplier value will be slightly

less than 4X, 8X, or 16X.

 In the past monochrome cameras had this permanently set to

4X since in most applications no more than this was required and 4X is the maximum multiplier that can be used before 8-bit images start seeing missing codes.

 8X multipliers are used in color since, in some cases, the colors

differ by more than a factor of 4.

 Higher maximum multiplier values can also serve to help

correct som e ‗d efective‘ pixels w hich exh ibit very high offset or

low responsivity. Care needs to be taken to ensure only a small portion of the PRNU coefficients are very high in value, otherwise missing codes and excessive noise will result. That is, use the smallest maximum multiplier setting possible. 4X is recommended for mono, 8X for color

Example:

spm 4

Setting Maximum PRNU Multiplier

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Purpose:

Sets an in divid u al p ixel‘s PRNU coefficient.

Syntax

spc x y i

Syntax Elements:

The pixel column number from 1 to 2352.

The pixel row number from 1 to 1728.

Coefficient value in a range from 0 to 12287, 28671, or 61439 (spm 4,8, or 16) where

PRNU multiplier = 1 + (

4096

)

Notes:

 The spc command is not available w hen the camera is using

the factory calibrated coefficients (csn 0-2). You must select the user coefficient set (csn 3-5) before you can perform PRNU calibration. An error message is returned if you attempt to perform PRNU calibration when using csn 0-2. To return the current csn number, send the command get csn.

 Although in theory a user can optimize coefficients on a pixel-

by-pixel basis, in practice this becomes unmanageable as there are over 4 million pixels. Therefore, coefficient optimization via this command is discouraged.

Example:

spc 10 50 500

Purpose:

Saves the current PRNU coefficients to non -volatile memory.

Syntax:

wpc

Notes:

 The wpc command is not available w hen the camera is using the

Example:

wpc

Purpose:

Saves the current FPN coefficients to non-volatile memory.

Syntax:

wfc

Notes:

 The wfc command is not available w hen the camera is using the

factory calibrated coefficients (csn 0-2). You must select the user coefficient set (csn 3-5) before you can save FPN

Calibrating Individual Pixels

3.7.6 Saving, Loading and Resetting Coefficients

Saving the Current PRNU Coefficients

Saving the Current FPN Coefficients

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coefficients. An error message is returned if you attempt to save FPN coefficients when using csn 0-2. To return the current

csn number, send the command get csn.

Example:

wfc

Purpose:

Loads the last saved user coefficients or original factor y coefficients from non-volatile memory.

Syntax:

lpc

Notes:

 The coefficient set that you are loading is determined by the csn

value. Refer to the section, Selecting Factory or User Settings, for an explanation of the csn command. To return the current csn number, send the command get csn.

Example:

lpc

Purpose:

Resets the current user coefficients to zero and stores said coefficients to non-volatile memory.

Syntax:

rpc

Notes:

 The rpc command is not available w hen the camera is using the

factory calibrated coefficients (csn 0-2). You must select the user coefficient set (csn 3-5) before you can reset pixel coefficients. An error message is returned if you attempt to reset pixel coefficients when using csn 0-2. To return the current

csn number, send the command get csn.

Purpose:

Returns all the current pixel coefficients in the order FPN, PRNU, FPN , PRN U… for the range specified by the x and y coordinates. The camera also returns the pixel number w ith every fifth coefficient.

WARNING: Do not display all pixel coefficients at one time. Keep the number of pixels small (a sample size of 10 x 10 pixel is recommended) to avoid waiting too long for the camera to return information. Coefficient output can be halted by sending any character (hitting any key on the keyboard).

Syntax:

dpc x1 y1 x2 y2

Syntax Elements:

Start column pixel to display in a range from 1 to 2352.

Start row pixel to display in a range from 1 to 1728.

End column pixel to display in a range from 1 to 2352.

Loading Pixel Coefficients

Resetting the Current Pixel Coefficients

3.7.7 Returning Pixel Coefficient Information

Returning FPN and PRNU Coefficients

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End row pixel to display in a range from 1 to 1728.

Example:

dpc 10 30 20 40

Purpose:

Sets the analog offset.

Syntax:

sao t i

Syntax Elements:

Tap selection. Allowable value is 0 for all taps.

Analog offset value. Extreme range is 0 - 511 but dynamic

ra n ge is d ep en den t of t h e cam era‘s cu r ren t exposu r e m od e

and gain settings. A value of 100 does not equal an offset of 100DN.

Notes:

 When flat field correction is enabled the expectation is that in

the dark the signal level is 0 DN. Some users might require a non-zero dark output. This can be achieved by increasing analog offset.

 Take care not to increase SAO too much with FFC enabled,

otherwise a PRNU-induced FPN pattern w ill result. Keep the dark offset below 5 DN (10 bit).

 The offset increases linearly with higher values.  Entering a large value offset will cause the camera to digitally

saturate the output image.

 The resulting analog offset value depends on other camera

parameters such as temperature, frame rate, and exposure mode.

Example:

sao 0 20

3.8 Offset and Gain Adjustments

Setting Analog Offset

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Purpose:

Use the background subtract comm and if you w ant to improve your image in a low contrast scene. This command is useful for systems that process 8 bit data but want to take advantage of the

cam era‘s 10 bit d igital p rocessin g chain. You sh ou ld try to m ake

your darkest pixel in the scene equal to zero.

Syntax:

ssb t i

Syntax Elements:

Color selection. The allow able range is 1 to 4, or 0 for all taps. 1 = Red, 2 = Green (Red), 3 = Green (Blue), 4 = Blue

i Subtracted value in a range in DN from 0 to 511.

Notes:

 When subtracting a digital value from the digital video signal

the output can no longer reach its maximum. Use the ssg command to correct for this where:

ssg value =

max output value

max output value - ssb value

 Entering a large value background w ill cause the camera to

digitally clip the output image.

 On a color camera the ssb command can be used to perform

offset adjustment on each color. This may be required as the gain on each color is typically different.

 On the monochrome model, u se the ‗all tap‘ settin g (0) to

adjust the overall offset.

 Note that ssb can only be used to DECREASE offset. The sao

command can be used to globally increase offset.

Related Commands:

ssg

Example

ssb 0 25

Factory Calibrated Analog Gains

The camera has a factory calibrated analog gain setting. Adjustment of analog gain is not available to the user, however. D igital gain is available via the set system gain command (ssg).

Subtracting Background

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Purpose:

Use the setting digital system gain command in order to:

1) White balance color cameras.

2) Improve the signal output swing after a background subtract.

When subtracting a digital value from the digital video signal, using the ssb command, the output can no longer reach its maximum. Use this command to correct for this, where:

ssg value =

max output value

max output value - ssb value

3) Increase or decrease the camera's responsivity by increasing or decreasing the digital gain. ssg levels that create a digital gain below 1 will result in the camera not reaching 1023 DN.

Syntax:

ssg t i

Syntax Elements:

Color selection. The allow able range is 1 to 4, or 0 for all colors. . 1 = Red, 2 = Green (Red), 3 = Green (Blue), and 4 = Blue.

Gain setting. The gain ranges are 0 to 65535. The d igital vid eo values are multiplied by this value where:

Digital Gain=

4096

For example, to set a digital gain of 1.0, i equals 4096.

Notes:

 Entering a large value gain will cause the camera to digitally

saturate the output image.

 Entering a zero value gain will cause the camera to force the

pixels in the designated tap to be 0 DN .

 Entering a value less than 4096 will cause the camera to not

be able to digitally saturate.

 On the monochrome models, use the all tap setting (0) to

adjust the overall digital gain.

 On a color camera, each individual color can be adjusted. For

example, imagine the red pixels give the strongest signal. White balancing can be achieved by imaging a white target, such as a white ceramic tile, and gaining up green and blue such that their output signal matches red.

Related Commands:

ssb

Example:

ssg 0 5000

Setting Digital System Gain

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Purpose:

Use this command to set the base test pattern used in svm 10, which in turn is responsible for displaying the PRNU coefficient map.

Syntax:

tpv m

Syntax Elements:

Test pattern base level: 63, 127, or 255 DN

Notes:

 This command determines the base level for the test pattern

used in svm 10. When all the PRNU coefficients are unified in gain the test pattern in svm will display this base level. For example, when tpv 127 is command ed, the base level in svm

10 will be 127 DN. In this case, to obtain the PRNU coefficient

multiplier for a given pixel, divide the pixel value by 127.The intention here is to match tpv with the spm setting that was used during the cpa calibration. This ensures the greatest accuracy w hen displaying PRNU coefficients and avoids clipping. For example tpv 63 matches spm 16, tpv 127 matches spm 8, and tpv 255 matches spm 4.

Example:

tpv 127

Setting SVM 10 Base Level

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Purpose: Generates a test pattern to aid in system debugging. The test patterns are useful for verifying proper timing and connections between the camera and the frame grabber. The following table shows each available test pattern.

Syntax: svm i

Syntax Elements: i

0 Live Video

1 Test pattern checkerboard. One unique value per color:

Red = 662DN (10 bit), 165DN (8 bit) Green(Red) = 361DN (10 bit), 90DN (8 bit) Green(Blue) = 204DN (10 bit), 51DN (8 bit) Blue = 819DN (10 bit), 204DN (8 bit)

2 Test pattern alternating line 1

3 Test pattern alternating line 2

3.9 Generating a Test Pattern

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4 Test pattern horizontal ramp

8 bit

10 bit

5 Test pattern vertical ramp

8 bit

6 Test pattern diagonal ramp

8 bit

10 bit

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7 FPN test pattern (Used by Product Support)

8 bit

10 bit

8 FPN and PRNU test pattern (Used by Product Support)

8 bit

10 bit

9 Fixed at max test pattern (10 bit = 1023 DN, 8 bit = 255 DN)

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10 PRNU map test pattern

Base level is dependent on STP command (either 63, 127, or 255 DN in 10 bit). PRNU correction is applied automatically by this test patter (epc 0 1) in order to see the PRNU coefficient map of the CSN set being used.

11 Fixed dark (0DN) test pattern

12 FPN map test pattern

Displays the FPN coefficients in each pixel. They range from 0 to 1023. This is your FPN coefficient map of the coefficient set you are currently using (csn).

Note: When switching the camera from video mode (svm 0) to one of the test pattern modes (svm 1 thru 8) the camera adjusts any digital gain (ssg), background subtract (ssb ), and settings currently being used. The gcp

screen does not turn off these settings and it displays the settings used prior to switching to test pattern mode.

When returning to video mode (svm 0), the digital gain, background subtract, and exposure control settings are returned to their prior state.

Currently, the test patterns are intended for monochrome imaging. If color interpolation is applied on these test patterns, you should expect that artifacts near white to dark transitions, such as for test patterns involving ramps.

Example: svm 2

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Optical and Mechanical Considerations

4.1 Mechanical Interface

Figure 21: Camera Mechanical Dimensions (all models)

Please note: For optimal camera performance, the camera should be cooled by applying forced air flow or by attaching the camera to a heatsink. If a heatsink is attached, the optimal surface is the top of the camera. Teledyne DALSA accessory part number AC-MS-0102 provides heatsinks that will attach to two sides of the camera to provide additional cooling.

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Configuration

Flange Back Focal Length (sensor die to adapter)

M42

6.56 ±0.25 mm

F-Mount

46.50 ±0.25 mm

C-Mount*

17.52 ±0.25 mm

Configuration

Flange Back Focal Length (sensor die to adapter)

M42

6.56 ±0.25 mm

F-Mount

46.50 ±0.25 mm .

C-Mount

N/ A

4.2 Lens Mounts

Monochrome Models

*Note that the use of a C-Mount lens requires a C-mount adapter, and may cause vignetting due to the size of the image sensor.

Color Models

4.3 Optical Interface

Illumination

The amount and wavelengths of light required to capture useful images depend s on the particular application. Factors include the nature, speed, and spectral characteristics of objects being imaged, exposure times, light source characteristics, environmental and acquisition system specifics, and more. Links on the Knowledge Center page or our Web site, here, provide an introd u ction to this potentially com p licated issue. See ―Rad iom etry an d Ph oto Resp onsiv ity‖ an d "Sensitiv it ies in P h otom etric U n its" in the CCD Technology Primer found under the Application Support link.

It is often more important to consider exposure than illumination. The total amount of energy (which is related to the total number of photons reaching the sensor) is more important than the rate at w hich it arrives. For example, 5 J/ cm2 can be achieved by exposing 5 mW/ cm2 for 1 ms just the same as exposing an intensity of 5 W/ cm2 for 1 s.

Light Sources

Keep these guidelines in mind when setting up your light source:  LED light sources are relatively inexpensive, provide a uniform field, and longer life

span compared to other light sources. However, they also require a camera with excellent sensitivity.

 Halogen light sources generally provide very little blue relative to IR.  Fiber-optic light distribution systems generally transmit very little blue relative to IR.

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



Where m is the m agnification , h ‘ is the im age heigh t (pixel size) and h is the object height (desired object resolution size).





 Some light sources age; over their life span they produce less light. This aging may

not be uniform—a light source may produce progressively less light in some areas of the spectrum but not others.

Filters

Digital cameras are extremely responsive to infrared (IR) wavelengths of light. To prevent infrared light from distorting the images you scan , u se a ―hot m irror‖ or IR cu toff filter that transmits visible wavelengths but does not transmit wavelengths over 750 nm.

An IR cut-off filter is recommended in order to improve color imaging performance, as, in the near-IR, all the color filters allow lig h t to p a ss throu g h w hich can resu lt in ‗wash ed ou t‘ colors.

We recommend use of a SP700 IR-filter to remove unwanted IR signal that could affect color reproduction.

Lens Modeling

Any lens surrounded by air can be modeled for camera purposes using three primary points: the first and second principal points and the second focal point. The primary points for a lens should be available from the lens data sheet or from the lens manufacturer. Primed quantities denote characteristics of the image side of the lens. That is, h is the object height and h is the image height.

The focal point is the point at which the image of an infinitely distant object is brought to focus. The effective focal length (f) is the distance from the second principal point to the second focal point. The back focal length (BFL) is the distance from the image side of the lens surface to the second focal point. The object distance (OD) is the distance from the first principal point to the object.

Figure 22: Primary Points in a Lens System

Magnification and Resolution

The magnification of a lens is the ratio of the image size to the object size:

By similar triangles, the magnification is alternatively given by:

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





hfOD

This is the governing equation for many object and image plane parameters.

100

450 0 450

m

mmmOD

OD mm m  ( . )

These equations can be combined to give their most useful form:

Example: An acquisition system has a 512 x 512 element, 10m pixel pitch area scan camera, a lens with an effective focal length of 45 mm, and requires that 100m in the object space correspond to each pixel in the image sensor. Using the preceding equation, the object distance must be 450 mm (0.450 m).

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 power supplies

 cabling

 frame grabber hardware &

software

 host computer  light sources

 optics

 operating environment

 encoder

Troubleshooting

The information in this chapter can help you solve problems that may occur during the setup of your camera. Remember that the camera is part of the entire acquisition system. You may have to troubleshoot any or all of the following:

Your steps in dealing with a technical problem should be to try the general and specific solutions listed in this section first. If these solutions do not resolve your problem, see section 5.4 on getting product support.

5.1 Common Solutions

Connections

The first step in troubleshooting is to verify that your camera has all the correct connections.

Power Supply Voltages

Check for the presence of all voltages at the camera power connector. Verify the connector pinout and that all grounds are connected. Refer to section 2.2.3 Power Connector for details.

Note: Avoid hot plugging long power cables into the camera.

Data Clocking/Output Signals

To validate cable integrity, have the camera send out a test pattern and verify it is being properly received. Refer to section 3.9 Generating a Test Pattern for further information on running test patterns.

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5.2 Troubleshooting Using the Serial Interface

Communications

To quickly verify serial communications send the h (help) command. By sending the h and receiving the help menu, the serial communications are verified. If further problems persist, review Appendix B for more information on communications.

Verify Parameters

To verify the camera setup, send the gcp (get camera parameters) command. To retrieve valid parameter ranges, send the h (help) command.

Verify Factory Calibrated Settings

To restore the ca m era‘s factory settings send the rfs command. To restore the ca m era‘s factory calibrated FFC coefficients, first pick the appropriate set (csn 0 to 7) and then send lpc to load said set.

After executing this command send the gcp command to verify the factory settings.

Verify Timing and Digital Video Path

Use the test pattern feature to verify the proper timing and connections between the camera and the frame grabber and verify the proper output along the digital processing chain.

5.3 Specific Solutions

No Output or Erratic Behavior

If your camera provides no output or behaves erratically, it may be picking up random noise from long cables acting as antennae. Do not attach wires to unused pins. Verify that the camera is not receiving spurious inputs (e.g. EXSYNC, if camera is using an internal signal for synchronization).

Line Dropout, Bright Lines, or Incorrect Frame rate

Verify that the frequency of the internal sync is set correctly.

Noisy Output

Check your power supply voltage outputs for noise. Noise present on these lines can result in poor video quality. Low quality or non-twisted pair cable can also add noise to the video output.

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Dark Patches

If dark patches appear in your output the optics path may have become contaminated. Clean your lenses and sensor windows with extreme care.

1. Take standard ESD precautions.

2. Wear latex gloves or finger cots

3. Blow off dust using dry, filtered compressed air. ‗Canned ‘ air can cau se d rop lets to be deposited on the window which may result in visible spots after they dry.

4. Fold a piece of optical lens cleaning tissue (approx. 3" x 5") to make a square pad that is approximately one finger-width

5. Moisten the pad on one edge with 2-3 drops of clean solvent (alcohol). Do not saturate the entire pad with solvent.

6. Wipe across the length of the window in one direction with the moistened end first, followed by the rest of the pad. The dry part of the pad should follow the moistened end. The goal is to prevent solvent from evaporating from the window surface, as this will end up leaving residue and streaking behind.

7. Repeat steps 2-4 using a clean tissue until the entire window has been cleaned.

5. Blow off any adhering fibers or particles using dry, filtered compressed air.

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Customer name

Organization name

Customer phone number fax number

Complete Product Model Number (e.g. PT-41-04M60...)

Complete Camera Serial Number

Your Agent or Dealer

Acquisition System hardware (frame grabber, host computer, light sources, etc.)

Acquisition System software (version, OS, etc.)

Power supplies and current draw

Data rate used

Control signals used in your application, and their frequency or state (if applicable)

EXSYNC BIN MCLK Other _______

Results when you run the gcp command

please attach text received from the camera after initiating the command

Detailed description of problem encountered.

please attach description with as much detail as appropriate

North America

Europe

Asia

Voice:

519-886-6000

+49-8142-46770

519-886-6000

Fax:

519-886-8023

+49-8142-467746

519-886-8023

5.4 Product Support

If there is a problem with your camera, collect the following data about your application and situation and call your Teledyne DALSA representative.

Note: You may also want to photocopy this page to fax to Teledyne DALSA.

In addition to your local Teledyne DALSA representative, you may need to call Teledyne DALSA Technical Sales Support:

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Camera Link™ Reference,

Timing, and Configuration Table

Camera Link is a communication interface for vision applications. It provides a connectivity standard between cameras and frame grabbers. A standard cable connection

will red u ce m an u facturers‘ su p por t tim e an d gr eatly red u ce the level of com p lexit y and

time needed for customers to successfully integrate high speed cameras with frame grabbers. This is particularly relevant as signal and data transmissions increase both in complexity and throughput. A standard cable/ connector assembly will also enable customers to take advantage of volume pricing, thus reducing costs.

The camera link standard is intended to be extremely flexible in order to meet the needs of different camera and frame grabber manufacturers.

Appendix A

The Camera Link Implementation Road Map (available from the Knowledge Center page,

here) details how our cameras standardize their use of the Camera Link interface.

LVDS Technical Description

Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) is a high-speed, low-power general purpose interface standard. The standard, known as ANSI/ TIA/ EIA-644, was approved in March

1996. LVDS uses differential signaling, with a nominal signal swing of 350mV differential.

The low signal swing decreases rise and fall times to achieve a theoretical maximum transmission rate of 1.923 Gbps into a loss-less medium. The low signal swing also means that the standard is not dependent on a particular supply voltage. LVDS uses current mode drivers, which limit power consumption. The differential signals are immune to ±1 V common mode noise.

Camera Signal Requirements

This section provides definitions for the signals used in the Camera Link interface. The standard Camera Link cable provides camera control signals, serial communication, and video data.

Video Data

The Channel Link technology is integral to the transmission of video data. Image data and image enable signals are transmitted on the Channel Link bus. Four enable signals are defined as:

• FVAL—Frame Valid (FVAL) is defined HIGH for valid lines.

• LVAL—Line Valid (LVAL) is defined HIGH for valid pixels.

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4M Falcon Cameras

Camera Link Name

EXSYNC

CC1

Reserved for future use

CC2

Reserved for future use

CC3

Window Toggle

CC4

• DVAL—Data Valid (DVAL) is defined HIGH when data is valid.

• Spa re— A spare has been defined for future use.

All four enable signals must be provided by the camera on each Channel Link chip. All unused data bits must be tied to a known value by the camera. For more information on image data bit allocations, refer to the official Camera Link specification from the Knowledge Center page on our Web site, here.

Camera Control Signals

Four LVDS pairs are reserved for general-purpose camera control. They are defined as camera inputs and frame grabber outputs. Camera manufacturers can define these signals to meet their needs for a particular product.

Camera Control Configuration

Communication

Two LVDS pairs have been allocated for asynchronous serial communication to and from the camera and frame grabber. Cameras and frame grabbers should support at least 9600 baud. These signals are

• SerTFG—Differential pair with serial communications to the frame grabber.

• SerTC—Differential pair with serial communications to the camera.

The serial interface will have the following characteristics: one start bit, one stop bit, no parity, and no handshaking. It is recommended that frame grabber manufacturers supply both a user interface and a software application programming interface (API) for using the asynchronous serial communication port. The user interface will consist of a terminal program with minimal capabilities of sending and receiving a character string and sending a file of bytes. The software API will provide functions to enumerate boards and send or receive a character string. See Appendix B in the Official Camera Link specification available from the Knowledge Center page on our Web site, here.

Power

Power will not be provided on the Camera Link connector. The camera will receive power through a separate cable. Camera manufacturers will define their own power connector, current, and voltage requirements.

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User Exsync

FVAL

twSYNC twSYNC_INT

tFRAME PERIOD

tTRANSFER tREADOUT tOVERHEAD

User Exsync

Internal Exsync

Exposure

FVAL

B4A

Exposure Timing: SEM 2, 4

User Exsync

Internal Exsync

Exposure

FVAL

Exposure Timing: SEM 6

IMPORTANT: This camera uses the

falling

edge of EXSYNC to trigger line readout, unlike previous DALSA cameras, which used the rising edge.

Camera Link Video Timing

Figure 23: Standard Timing (Input and Output Relationships)

Exposure Timing

Note: User EXSYNC not present in sem 2.

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User Exsync

FVAL

H1LVAL H2

G J

FVAL / LVAL Timing

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Operating Conditions SEM

EDC CLM SOT SSF 2 frame rate - ext controlled 4,6 SET 2 SET 6 EFD

0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2

Exposure Timing

A User Exsync ↑ to Internal Exsync ↑ 4 85n 186n 485u 85n 186n 559u 85n 186n 502u 85n 186n 594u B4 User Exsync ↓ to Internal Exsync ↓ 4 123n 486u 247n 123n 560u 247n 123n 504u 247n 123n 594u 247n B6 User Exsync ↓ to Internal Exsync ↑ 6 123n 286n 484u 123n 286n 558u 123n 286n 502u 123n 286n 594u

C Internal Exsync ↑ to Exposure ↑ 2,4,6 1.40u 1.40u 1.40u 1.40u D Internal Exsync ↓ to Exposure ↓ 2,4,6

E Exposure ↓ to FVAL ↑ 2,4,6

LVAL / FVAL Timing

F4 User Exsync ↓ to FVAL ↑ 4 60.2u 546u 60.2u 60.2u 546u 60.2u 73.4u 578u 73.4u 142u 736u 142u F6 User Exsync ↓ to FVAL ↑ 6 2.54m 2.67m 2.55m 2.73m

tFL, G FVAL ↑ to LVAL ↑ 2,4,6 tLVAL_LOW1, H1 LVAL ↓ to LVAL ↑ (LVAL low 1) 2,4,6 tLVAL_LOW2, H2 LVAL ↓ to LVAL ↑ (LVAL low 2) 2,4,6

tLF, J LVAL ↓ to FVAL ↓ 2,4,6

tLINE, K LVAL ↑ to LVAL ↓ 2,4,6

tREADOUT, L FVAL ↑ to FVAL ↓ 2,4,6

Max Frame Rate Timing

SSF (max FR) 2 62.2Hz 60.4Hz 60.3Hz 31.1Hz 30.6Hz 30.6Hz 50.3Hz 49Hz 49Hz 25.2Hz 24.9Hz 24.9Hz Max Exposure 2 16051u 16530u 52u 32109u 32635u 32u 19850u 20377u 49u 39629u 40107u 31u

twSYNC Internal Exsync ↓ to Internal Exsync ↑ 2 16.6m 32.6m 20.4m 40.2m

twSYNC_INT Internal Exsync ↑ to Internal Exsync ↓ (min) 2 10u 492u 10u 10u 566u 10u 10u 510u 10u 10u 601u 10u

tTRANSFER Internal Exsync ↓ to FVAL ↑ 2

tOVERHEAD FVAL ↓ to Internal Exsync ↓ (max FR) 2 24.2u 504u 532u 42.2u 568u 568u 13.5u 542u 542u 115u 594u 594u

tFRAME PERIOD Internal Exsync ↓ to Internal Exsync ↓ 2 16.07m 16.55m 16.58m 32.16m 32.68m 32.68m 19.89m 20.42m 20.42m 39.68m 40.16m 40.16m

1.87u

3.78u

2.30u

4.66u

1.94u

3.82u

2.50u

4.76u

2.06m

2.10m

2.06m

2.14m

3.11u

57.0u

112u

70.2u

138u

2000

686

2000

200052000

566

2000

6015028.85023.7

320

160

260

130

112n

112n01631637.35u

14.7u

9.04u

18.1u

15.99m

32.00m

19.8m

39.42m

29.2u

47.8u

33.7u

56.4u

60.2u

116u

73.4u

142u

Original Falcon 4M30 and 4M60 User Timing (-00-R and non-RoHS cameras)

Notes: * Units in seconds.

* Additional operating conditions: full window readout, snd 1. * User EXSYNC operates asynchronous to the camera timing and therefore has an uncertainty period of +/-2 clocks (80 MHz clock

= 12.5 nS, 2 clocks = ± 25 nS).

* When the debounce circuit is enabled (edc 1) increase timing values A, B4, B6, F4 and F6 by 1.07 µs.

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Operating Conditions SEM

EDC CLM SOT SSF 2 frame rate - ext controlled 4,6 SET 2 SET 6 EFD

0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2

Exposure Timing

A User Exsync ↑ to Internal Exsync ↑ 4 149n 249n 485u 149n 249n 559u 149n 249n 485u 149n 249n 594u B4 User Exsync ↓ to Internal Exsync ↓ 4 186n 486u 311n 186n 560u 311n 186n 486u 311n 186n 594u 311n B6 User Exsync ↓ to Internal Exsync ↑ 6 237n 337n 484u 237n 337n 558u 237n 337n 484u 237n 337n 594u

C Internal Exsync ↑ to Exposure ↑ 2,4,6 1.40u 1.40u 1.40u 1.40u D Internal Exsync ↓ to Exposure ↓ 2,4,6

E Exposure ↓ to FVAL ↑ 2,4,6

LVAL / FVAL Timing

F4 User Exsync ↓ to FVAL ↑ 4 84u 570u 84u 140u 700u 140u 84u 570u 84u 167u 762u 167u F6 User Exsync ↓ to FVAL ↑ 6 2.56m 2.70m 2.56m 2.75m

tFL, G FVAL ↑ to LVAL ↑ 2,4,6 tLVAL_LOW1, H1 LVAL ↓ to LVAL ↑ (LVAL low 1) 2,4,6 tLVAL_LOW2, H2 LVAL ↓ to LVAL ↑ (LVAL low 2) 2,4,6

tLF, J LVAL ↓ to FVAL ↓ 2,4,6

tLINE, K LVAL ↑ to LVAL ↓ 2,4,6

tREADOUT, L FVAL ↑ to FVAL ↓ 2,4,6

Max Frame Rate Timing

SSF (max FR) 2 62.2Hz 60.4Hz 60.3Hz 31.1Hz 30.6Hz 30.6Hz 62.2Hz 60.4Hz 60.3Hz 25.2Hz 24.9Hz 24.9Hz Max Exposure 2 16051u 16530u 52u 32109u 32635u 32u 16051u 16530u 52u 39629u 40107u 31u

twSYNC Internal Exsync ↓ to Internal Exsync ↑ 2 16.6m 32.6m 16.6m 40.2m

twSYNC_INT Internal Exsync ↑ to Internal Exsync ↓ (min) 2 10u 492u 10u 10u 566u 10u 10u 492u 10u 10u 601u 10u

tTRANSFER Internal Exsync ↓ to FVAL ↑ 2

tOVERHEAD FVAL ↓ to Internal Exsync ↓ (max FR) 2 2.05u 482u 510u 21.8u 548u 548u -1.4u 478u 506u 94.4u 574u 574u

tFRAME PERIOD Internal Exsync ↓ to Internal Exsync ↓ 2 16.08m 16.56m 16.58m 32.16m 32.69m 32.69m 16.07m 16.55m 16.58m 39.68m 40.16m 40.16m

84.2u

140u

84.2u

167u

130

23.752000

566

2000

601

2605028.8

29.2u

47.8u

29.2u

56.4u

15.99m

32.00m

15.99m

39.42m

7.35u

14.7u

9.04u

18.1u

2.08m

2.16m

100n

123n

3.70u

7.52u

292n

9.32u

320

160

2.07m

2.13m016316

3.11u

80.9u

136u

80.8u

164u

109n

2000

686

2000

Revised Falcon 4M30 and 4M60 User Timing (-01-R and higher cameras)

Notes: * Units in seconds.

* Additional operating conditions: full window readout, snd 1. * User EXSYNC operates asynchronous to the camera timing and therefore has an uncertainty period of +/-2 clocks (80 MHz clock

= 12.5 nS, 2 clocks = ± 25 nS).

* When the debounce circuit is enabled (edc 1) increase timing values A, B4, B6, F4 and F6 by 1.07 µs.

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Command

Syntax

Parameters

Description

correction calibrate FPN

ccf

Performs FPN calibration and eliminates FPN noise by subtracting away individual pixel dark current.

camera link mode

clm

Output mode to use: 2: Base configuration, 2 taps, 8 bit

output 3: Base configuration, 2 taps, 10 bit

output 15: Medium configuration, 4 taps, 8 bit

output (4M60 only) 16: Medium configuration, 4 taps, 10 bit

output (4M60 only)

calculate PRNU algorithm

cpa

i i

Performs PRNU calibration according to the selected algorithm.

The first parameter is the algorithm where i is:

2 = Calculates the PRNU coefficients using the entered target value

PRNU Coefficient =

Target

(AVG Pixel Value ) - (FPN + value)sdo

This algorithm is useful for achieving uniform output across multiple cameras.

Parameters:

t = tap id i = integer value f = real number s = string m = member of a set

Error Handling and Command List

B1 All Available Commands

As a quick reference, the following table lists all of the commands available to th e camera user. For detailed information on using these commands, refer to Chapter 3.

All Available Commands

Appendix B

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Command

Syntax

Parameters

Description

coefficient set number

csn

Selects the coefficient set to use: 0-2 = Factory calibrated sets of FPN

and PRNU coefficients. These coefficients cannot be erased or modified .

3-5 = User calibrated sets of FPN and PRNU coefficients. These coefficients can be deleted or modified.

CSN

EFD

0, 3 1 1, 4 0 2, 5

calibration sample size

css

Sets the number of lines to sample when performing FPN and PRNU calibration where m is 32, 64, 128 (factory setting), 256, 512, or 1024

display pixel coefficients

dpc

x1y1 x2y2

Displays the pixels coefficients in the ord er FPN , PRN U, FPN, PRN U…

x1y1 = pixel start address x2y2 = pixel end address in the range from 1, 1 to 2352, 1728.

enable debounce circuit

edc

When enabled (EDC 1) filters EXSYNC from the user to suppress any glitches less than 1us in width.

enable frame dump

efd

Enables various snapshot modes EFD 0 – snapshot mode disabled EFD 1 – snapshot mode 1, FFD on

falling edge of EXSYNC EFD 2 – snapshot mode 2, FFD on rising

edge of EXSYNC

enable pixel coefficients

epc

i i

Enables or disables FPN and PRNU coefficients.

The first parameter sets the FPN coefficients where i is:

0 = FPN coefficients disabled 1 = FPN coefficients enabled

The second parameter sets the PRNU coefficients where i is:

0 = PRNU coefficients disabled 1 = PRNU coefficients enabled

get camera model

gcm

Read the camera model number.

get camera parameters

gcp

Read all of the camera parameters. get camera serial

gcs

Read the camera serial number.

get camera version

gcv

Read the firmw are version and FPGA version.

get fpn coefficient

gfc

Read the FPN coefficient at address xy, where xy falls in the range from 1, 1 to 2352, 1728.

Parameters:

t = tap id i = integer value f = real number s = string m = member of a set

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Command

Syntax

Parameters

Description

get prnu coefficient

gpc

Read the PRNU coefficient at address xy, where xy falls in the range from 1, 1 to 2352, 1728.

get command parameter

get

Display value of camera commands

get sync frequency

gsf

Display the frequency and HIGH time of CC1-CC4.

1: Camera Link input (CC1) 4: Camera Link input (CC4)

help

Display the online help

load pixel coefficients

lpc

Loads the previously saved pixel coefficients from non-volatile memory determined by the csn value.

0-2 = Factory calibrated coefficients 3-5 = User coefficient sets

reset camera

Reset the entire camera (reboot).

restore factory settings

rfs

Restore th e cam era‘s factor y settings. Note: this does NOT restore factory FFC coefficients (use lpc for this).

reset pixel coefficients

rpc

Resets the FPN and PRNU coefficients to 0/ 1 respectively.

restore user settings

rus

Restore th e cam era‘s la st saved user

settings. Note: this does NOT restore FFC coefficients (use lpc for this).

set analog offset

sao

t i

Set the analog offset. t = Tap selection. Allow able value is 0

for all taps. i = Analog offset value. Allowable

range is 0 -511.

set baud rate

sbr

Set the speed of the serial communication port. Baud rates: 9600, 19200, 57600, and 115200. Default baud: 9600

set digital offset

sdo

t i

Used as a substitute when no FPN correction is performed. Not recommended in general.

t = Tap selection. Allow able value is 0 for all taps.

i = Offset in the range from 0 to 1023

set exposure mode

sem

Set the exposure mode. Available values are:

2: Internal programmable frame rate

and exposure time using commands ssf and set

4: Smart EXSYNC, frame rate and

exposure time controlled by CC1 (user EXSYNC)

6: Frame rate controlled by CC1,

exposure time controlled by set

Parameters:

t = tap id i = integer value f = real number s = string m = member of a set

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Command

Syntax

Parameters

Description

set exposure time

set

Sets the exposure time to a floating point number in µs. Allowable range depends on snapshot mode, window size, camera link mode, etc..

set fpn coefficient

sfc

xyi

Set the FPN coefficient. where xy falls in the range from 1, 1 to

2352, 1728. i= FPN value in the range 0 to 1023.

set number frame dumps

snd

Sets the number of fast frame dumps when either snapshot modes 1 or 2 are active (efd 1 or 2, respectively).

set output throughput

sot

Sets the camera's total throughput in mega-pixels per second. Valid values are: 130, 160, 260 and 320.

set prnu coefficient

spc

xyi

Set the PRNU coefficient. Where xy falls in the range from 1, 1 to

2352, 1728.

i= PRNU value in the range 0 to

12287.

set prnu multiplier

spm

Sets the maximum PRNU multiplier (4/ 8/ 16) which will be reached before the CPA routine clips to max.

set subtract background

ssb

Subtract this value from the output signal.

t = Tap selection. Allow able value is 0 for all taps.

i = Subtracted value in a range from 0 to 511.

set sync frequency

ssf

Sets the frame rate in Hz to a value from 1 to 60.4 (4M60) or 1 to 30.6 (4M30).

set system gain

ssg

t i

Sets the digital gain. t = Tap selection. Allow able value is 0

for all taps.

i = Gain value is specified from 0 to

65535. The digital video values are

multiplied by this number.

Parameters:

t = tap id i = integer value f = real number s = string m = member of a set

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Command

Syntax

Parameters

Description

set video mode

svm

Sets th e cam era‘s vid eo mod e.

0: Video mode 1: Test pattern checkerboard

2: Test pattern alternating line 1 3: Test pattern alternating line 2 4: Test pattern horizontal ramp 5: Test pattern vertical ramp

6: Test pattern diagonal ramp 7: Test pattern FPN 8: Test pattern PRNU 9: Test pattern fixed 1023 10: Test pattern PRNU map 11: Test pattern fixed 0 12: Test pattern FPN map

test pattern value

tpv

Sets the base value (63/ 127/ 255) for svm 10. A PRNU map results when this base value is multiplied by individual PRNU coefficients.

verify temperature

Display the internal temperature of the camera.

verify voltage

Display some internal voltages supplied to the camera.

write fpn coefficients

wfc

Write current FPN coefficients to nonvolatile memory. The set within nonvolatile memory will have been previously selected using the csn command.

write prnu coefficients

wpc

Write current PRNU coefficients to nonvolatile memory. The set within nonvolatile memory will have been previously selected using the csn command.

Parameters:

t = tap id i = integer value f = real number s = string m = member of a set

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Command

Syntax

Parameters

Description

window start end

wse

i i x1 y1 x2 y2

Sets the window start and stop pixels where:

i is the window sequence id. It is always 0 in this camera.

i is the number of windows to set. It is always 1 in this camera.

x1 is window start corner value. Since there is only vertical window of interest in this camera, this value is always set to 1.

y1 is window start pixel number in a range from 1-1725 and must belong to follo w ing set: 1, 5, 9, …1725

x2 is window end corner value. Since there is only vertical window of interest in this camera, this value is always set to 2352.

y2 is window end pixel number in range from 4-1728 and must belong to th e follow ing set: 4, 8, 12, …1728

window set sequence

wss

Toggles the current wind ow sequence when switching between wss 0 and wss 1 or vice versa.

window trigger source

wts

Defines the source for the window sequence. Available values are:

1: Software command wss 2: Camera Link input (CC4)

write user settings

wus

Write all of the user settings to nonvolatile memory.

Parameters:

t = tap id i = integer value f = real number s = string m = member of a set

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Model 04M-30-00-R and 04M60-00-R

The 4M cameras meet the following requirements, which satisfy the CE Marking, FCC Part 15, and Industry Canada ICES-003 requirements:

EN 55022 Class A, IEC 61000-3-2, IEC 61000-3-3, IEC 61000-4-2, IEC 61000-4-3, IEC 61000-4-4, and IEC 61000-4-6

Name and Signature of authorized person

Hank Helmond Quality Manager, Teledyne DALSA Corp.

EMC Declaration of Conformity

Teledyne D ALSA‘s 4M30 and 4M60 cameras meet the requirements outlined below which satisfy the EMC requirements for CE marking, the FCC Part 15 Class A requirements, the Industry Canada requirements, and the Japanese VCCI requirements.

Appendix C

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.

This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equip ment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at the user's own expense.

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Teledyne DALSA could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.

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Falcon 4M Camera Manual

Revision

Change Description

Date

Preliminary release. RoHS version of manual created from standard version (03-032-10121-09).

New to this manual:

-Added EMC compliance as Appendix C.

-Removed "Stop Action" from the manual cover and headers, replaced with "Falcon."

-Added a note concerning Camera Link cable length and quality, page 17.

-Timing diagrams, sem 2, 4, and 6 revised , page 33.

-RoHS and CE compliant information added.

-Added camera cosmetic blemish section, page 10. Please note that the information in this section is considered "preliminary" at the time of printing and subject to change.

-Added snapshot mode section, page 37.

-Revised flat field correction description, page 46.

-Revised mechanical drawing, page 65.

-Color model information added.

-Color QE graph add ed.

-F-mount adapter details removed. No longer available.

-Mechanical diagram revised to show sensor alignment measured from the tooling holes in the front plate.

Revision History

Appendix D

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Index

analog

offset, 57

analog gains

factory calibrated, 58 antiblooming, 7 applications, 6

background subtract, 58 base configuration, 19 baud rate

setting, 24 bright lines, 70

cables

quality and length, 17 calibration

errors, 56

overview, 46

results, 56

steps, 46 calibration sample size

selecting, 51 camera

output configuration, 28 camera control signals, 20 camera link

configuration table, 73

reference, 73

timing, 73 Camera Link

configuration, 19, 29, 30

configurations, 19, 20, 28, 29

connector, 19, 20

inputs, 21

mode, 29

outputs, 21 Camera Link mode

setting, 29, 30 camera settings

current, 27

factory, 27

restoring, 27

retrieving, 26

saving, 27

user, 27 clock signals, 21 coefficients, 50

saving, loading, resetting, 55 command

parameters, 23 commands

format, 23

list of, 79 connector

Camera Link, 19

hirose, 21

pow er, 21 connectors, 18

Camera Link, 20 control configuration, 74 control signals, 74 cosmetic specifications

camera, 10

sensor, 9

dark patches, 71 data bus, 21 data rate, 7 DC offset, 7 digital

gain, 59 DVAL, 74 dynamic range, 7

EIA-644 Reference, 73 electrical specifications, 7 EMC Declaration of

Conformity, 85

exposure correction, 37

disabling, 37

enabling, 37

setting, 37 exposure mode

overview, 32

setting, 32 exposure time

allowable increments, 36

setting, 36 Exsync debounce

enabling, 37

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features, 5 fiber-optic light sources, 66 filters, 67 flat field correction, 46 FPN, 46 FPN calibration

performing, 52

frame rate

setting, 35

frame readout time

calculating, 44

FVAL, 73

gain, 57

adjustments, 57 digital, 59

halogen light sources, 66 help, 24

online, 24 hirose connector, 21 hot mirror, 67

illumination, 66 incorrect line rate, 70 input/ output, 18 inputs (user bus), 21 installation, 17 interface

electrical, 7

mechanical, 7, 65

optical, 7, 66

mechanical

interface, 65

specifications, 7 mechanical interface, 65 models, 6

noisy output, 70

offset, 57

adjustments, 57 online help, 24 operating

modes, 30

ranges, 7 optical interface, 66 optical specifications, 7

performance specifications, 11–

pixel coefficient information

returning, 56 pixel coefficients

enabling, 51 pixel rate, 28, 29 pixel readout, 11 pow er

connector, 21

connectors, 21

guidelines, 21 PRNU, 46 PRNU calibration

performing, 53

LED, 18 lens

modeling, 67

mounts, 66 light sources, 66 line d ropout, 70 line rate, 7 LVAL, 73 LVDS, 73

pairs, 74

magnification, 67

03-032-20044-03 Teledyne DALSA

random noise, 7 readout, 12

configuring, 27 resolution, 6 responsivity, 7, 13

sensor

diagram, 11

readout, 12

specifications, 6 serial communication

reference, 73 serial interface, 23

defaults, 23

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Falcon 4M Camera Manual

settings

factory, 26, 27 restoring, 27 saving, 27 session, 27 user, 27

snapshot

defined, 38 help, 41 modes, 37

software

interface, 23

specifications

electrical, 7 mechanical, 7 operating, 7 optical, 7

sensor, 6 subtracting background , 58 support, 72

Technical Sales Support, 72 test pattern, 61

generating, 61

timing

exposure, 36, 75 standard, 75 vid eo, 75

troubleshooting, 69

line rates, 70 serial interface, 70

video d ata, 73

window of interest

setting, 42

Teledyne DALSA 03-032-20044-03

Falcon 4M30, 4M60, PT-41-04M60-XX-R, PT-22-04M30-XX-R, PT-42-04M60-XX-R User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual