Fairchild CAM-CMOS-2K.LS User Manual

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OWL CAMERA SERIES

CAM/CMOS-2K.LS

ULTRA-HIGH PERFORMANCE

Line Scan Camera

Camera User’s Manual

Models RDI & MRDI

EMC Conformance

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.

This product fulfills the following requirements of the standards and carries the CE marking.

EMC: FCC Part 15, Subpart B EN 6100-6-4:2001 EN 6100-6-2:2001 EN6100-3-2:2000 EN 6100-3-3:1995/A1:2001

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 2 of 42

FAIRCHILD IMAGING

OWL CAMERA SERIES

USERS MANUAL

The CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera

Rev B

Fairchild Imaging, Inc.

1801 McCarthy Blvd.

Milpitas CA 95035 USA

1-800-325-6975

www.fairchildimaging.com

PRELIMINARY DOCUMENT

The information in this manual is preliminary.

All information provided in this manual is believed to be correct at the time of writing. No responsibility is assumed by Fairchild Imaging for its use. Fairchild Imaging intends to make this manual as accurate as possible and reserves the right to make changes to this information without notice.

Terminology

Every effort has been made in this manual to use standard, consistent definitions. In particular, the following terminology has been adopted:

• Configuration refers to CameraLink Base, Dual Base or Medium; one or two PCs; transmitted data path width, etc.

• Mode refers to synchronization control; i.e., Freerunning, ExSynch, etc.

• Parameter refers to user-settable variables such as exposure (integration) time, line rate, etc.

• Environment refers to the entire collection of user-settable items: configuration, mode, parameters, image/test pattern, etc.

setup including choice of

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 3 of 42

Table of Contents

SECTION 1 Introduction to the CAM/CMOS-2K.LS

Ultra-High Performance Line Scan Camera ........................................................ 6

1.1 Camera Highlights............................................................................................ 6

1.2 Camera Specification: RDI and MRDI Performance Specification .................. 7

1.3 Thermal Considerations ................................................................................... 8

1.4 Image Sensor................................................................................................... 9

SECTION 2

Camera Hardware Interface..................................................................................11

2.1 Installation Overview ........................................................................................11

2.2 Connectors, Pinouts and Cables ......................................................................11

2.3 Power Supply ...................................................................................................12

2.4 LED Indicator Status Lamp ..............................................................................13

SECTION 3

Camera Control .....................................................................................................14

3.1 Quick Start with the Camera Link™ Interface ..................................................14

3.2 Commands.......................................................................................................14

3.3 Camera Command Summary...........................................................................18

3.4 The Four Modes for Synchronizing with the CAM/CMOS-2K.LS .....................19

SECTION 4

Mechanical and Optical Guidance .......................................................................26

4.1 Camera Dimensions and Mounting Facilities ...................................................26

4.2 Lensing.............................................................................................................27

4.3 Lens Mount Extender Tube ..............................................................................27

4.4 Mechanical Drawing of Available Camera Face Mounting “L” Bracket.............29

4.5 Lenses..............................................................................................................30

4.6 Positioning Accuracy of the Sensor Chip in the Camera ..................................30

4.7 Illumination .......................................................................................................30

4.8 Light Sources ...................................................................................................30

4.9 Lens Modeling ..................................................................................................31

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 4 of 42

SECTION 5

Handling Instructions ...........................................................................................32

5.1 Electrostatic Discharge.....................................................................................32

5.2 Preventing ESD Damage .................................................................................32

5.3 Protecting Against Dust, Oil and Scratches......................................................32

5.4 Cleaning the Sensor Window ...........................................................................32

SECTION 6

Troubleshooting....................................................................................................33

6.1 Check the Obvious Things First .......................................................................33

6.2 Use the Camera Control Interface to Perform Checks .....................................33

6.3 Other Areas You Should Check .......................................................................33

SECTION 7

Product Support....................................................................................................35

REFERENCE A

Camera Link™ Introduction .................................................................................36

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 5 of 42

SECTION 1

Introduction to the CAM/CMOS-2K.LS

Ultra-High Performance Line Scan Camera

1.1 Camera Highlights

Description

The OWL CMOS Line Scan Camera is an ultra-sensitive camera for use in line scan applications that demand high performance under low light conditions. The camera is based upon a 2K CMOS linear sensor that utilizes an active reset technology to obtain high performance in low light applications while operating at very high data rates. Two versions of this camera are available.

RDI (Read During Integration) mode runs at line rates up to 38 KHz. Read noise for this version is ~9e- (<5.7DN in 12 bit data).

MRDI (Multiple Read During Integrate) mode has a maximum read noise of 0.4e- at a maximum line rate of 2.9KHz.

The CMOS linear sensor that is used in this camera has a unique feature that allows gain selectability at the pixel level. The gain of each pixel can be switched between high or low gain. In the high gain mode, the noise is minimized, while in the low gain mode, the dynamic range is maximized.

The 12-bit output of this camera line utilizes CameraLink and will provide data at 80 MHz (40 MHz per output). The camera offers features such as anti-blooming and programmable gain and offset.

It is packaged in a very compacted and rugged housing that contains a standard M58 x 0.75 base lens thread. Optional (Nikon F or C Mount) lens adapters are available.

Programmability

• Simple menu-based configuration for selection of gain, calibration, test patterns operational control, and diagnostics.

• CameraLink

camera-PC communications.

Usability

• Programmable gain, offsets, and controls

• Internal flat field correction

• Easy integration “plug compatible” Camera Link

• Exposure control

interface

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 6 of 42

Full Spectrum of Applications

• Precision manufacturing inspection

• Web inspection

• Sorting and routing

• Biomedical readout systems

• Diagnostic systems

1.2 Camera Specification:

RDI and MRDI Performance Specification

Functions RDI MRDI Data rates Line rates Dynamic Range

Resolution Pixel size Max Clock speed Max Pixel Clock per Output Anti Blooming Digitized (ADC) Output Pixel gain selectable pixel-bypixel Output Gain Range External Synchronization Random Noise (pk-pk) rms* Noise Equivalent Exposure Sat. Equivalent Exposure Intuitive command-control instruction set Sensitivity: High gain Low gain

Flat field correction Lens mount type

Body Size (W H D) Power Supply Power Dissipation Ambient Operating Temp Storage Temp Power Connector Data Connector

Control connector

*At High Gain ** At Low Gain

Up to 80 MHz Up to 80 MHz 38 KHz 2.9 KHz High gain 650:1 Low gain 1100:1 2048 pixels 2048 pixels 7µm x 7µm 7µm x 7µm 80 MHz 80 MHz 40 MHz 40 MHZ 15000 X 15000 X 12 bits 12 bits 1X or 8.5X 1X or 8.5X

18 dB 18 dB Option available Option available 44DN pk-pk, 6DN RMS 3DN pk-pk, 0.4DN RMS

9.7 pJ/CM 5 nJ/CM See Section 3.2 See Section 3.2

>700 DN/nJ/cm2

61.5 DN/nJ/cm2

Internal Internal M58 to Nikon F-mount & C – mount

3.92” W x 3.92”H x 1.84 D 3.92” W x 3.92”H x 1.84 D

5.0V 5.0V

2.5W 2.5W 0 to 45° C 0 to 45° C 0 to 75° C 0 to 75° C 4 – pin Hirose HR10A-7R-4P 4 – pin Hirose HR10A-7R-4P MDR-26 CameraLinkTM config.

Single Base One 3m 10226-6212VC CameraLinkTM Connectors CameraLinkTM Connectors

Table 1.2.1

High gain 10,000:1 Low gain 31,000:1

2 *

.7 pJ/CM2

2 *

40 nJ/CM

2**

5 nJ/CM

>700 DN/nJ/cm2

61.5 DN/nJ/cm2

M58 to Nikon F-mount & C-mount

MDR-26 CameraLinkTM config. Single Base One 3m 10226-6212VC

40 nJ/CM

2**

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 7 of 42

Function Factory

Reset to Default Conditions X X

Fixed Pattern Noise Correction X X X

PRNU Correction X X

Integration Time X X

External Synch / Free Run X X

Pixel Level Gain X X

Line Synchronization X X

Test Patterns X X X

1.3 Thermal Considerations

The CAM/CMOS 2K.LS has been carefully designed to separate the camera electronics from the image sensor. In addition, the Fairchild Imaging CMOS sensor runs cooler than a CCD device

Table 1.2.2

Settings and Controls

Calibrated

User

Settable

Camera

Link

Fairchild Imaging advises waiting until the camera has stabilized

thermally before performing offset and gain corrections. You can determine that the camera has stabilized thermally by repeatedly using the "TSB" command to read sensor temperature. When sensor temperature changes less than 0.1

C per minute, the camera has stabilized.

Try to avoid excess temperatures in the ambient around the camera.

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 8 of 42

1.4 Image Sensor

Figure 1.3.1

RDI and MRDI Responsivity Curve

Pixel level processing image sensors are based on the principle that photons induced by charge at the pixel site should be converted to, as nearly as possible, a noise-free signal at the pixel site. The application of this principle produces the lowest possible noise and also allows signal control at each pixel.

As is true in other sensors, photons induce charge which is collected on a capacitor at the photo site. In a pixel level processing sensor, this charge is converted to an amplified voltage at the pixel. This voltage is then read out through a multiplexor to an external circuit. Since the readout starts with a strong signal, the dominant read noise source is the noise associated with the charge accumulation at the pixel.

The 2048 x 1 linear CMOS image sensor uses a low fixed pattern noise capacitive transimpedance amplifier (LFPN CTIA) pixel architecture. The pixel also includes circuitry for reducing 1/f noise, correlated double sampling, electronic shuttering, and a horizontal anti-blooming drain. High speed non-destructive readout of the sensor is achieved by using a hierarchial readout structure with two output ports.

In simplified form, the pixel integration cycle consists of three steps: 1) reset the capacitor to fully charged, 2) accumulate electrons on the capacitor, and 3) read the resulting charge value. Conventionally these steps have been done by sensor-wide controls. Use of pixel level processing results in at least an order of magnitude reduction in noise due to the reset step as well as noise reduction in the multiplexing of the pixel values and the noise due to amplification for off chip drive.

Shown on the following page is a block diagram of the Fairchild Imaging 2048 x 1 CMOS sensor.

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 9 of 42

Figure 1.4.1

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 10 of 42

SECTION 2

Camera Hardware Interface

2.1 Installation Overview

Before you integrate your camera into your system you should first determine some basic operating parameters such as what resolution you need. Do you know the speed of the object that your camera will be inspecting? One additional point you want to keep in mind is your lighting requirement.

One major item that you should identify early on in developing your system is the source of your EXSYNC control signal ( framegrabber, custom controller, shaft/web encoder, etc.).

2.2 Connectors, Pinouts, and Cables

The CAM/CMOS-2K.LS uses one MDR-26 connector for CameraLink TM to communicate control signals, data signals, and serial communications.

CameraLink and others, so that detailed cabling work is unnecessary.

cables are available as a standard off-the-shelf-part, 3M #14X26-SZLB-XXX-OLC

Figure 2.2.1

MDR-26 CameraLink

3M p/n 334 – 34 series

Connector

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 11 of 42

Table 2.2.1

Camera Pin # Frame Grabber Pin # Channel Link Signal

1 1 Inner shield

14 14 Inner shield

2 25 X0

15 12 X0+

3 24.0 X1-

16 11 X1+

4 23 X2-

17 10 X2+

5 22 Xclk

18 9 Xclk+

6 21 X3

19 8 X3+

7 20 SerTC+

20 7 SerTC-

8 19 SerTFG-

21 6 SerTFG+

9 18 CC1-

22 5 CC1+

10 17 CC2-

23 4 CC2+

11 16 CC3-

24 3 CC3+

12 15 CC4-

25 2 CC4+

13 13 Inner shield

26 26 Inner shield

Notes:

• Exterior overshield is connected to the shells of the connectors on both ends.

• 3M part 14X26-SZLB-XXX-0LC is a complete cable assembly, including connectors.

• Unused pairs should be terminated in 100 ohms at both ends of the cable.

2.3 Power Supply

• The camera uses a single voltage input, normally set to 5.0V.

• Ripple and noise is required to be < 20 mV RMS.

• Power is supplied through a Hirose connector.

• When installing the mating connector, be sure to line up the slots. This action will assure that

you will not bend any of the pins.

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 12 of 42

Table 2.3.1

Hirose Receptacle

Pin # Description

1 +5.0 - +6.0 V DC

2 +5.0 – +6.0V DC

3 Ground

4 Ground

If you are using an adjustable lab power supply it is extremely important that

you apply the apppropriate voltage to your camera. Incorrect voltage might damage the camera.

Figure 2.3.1

Back View of CAM/CMOS – 2K.LS

2.4 LED Indicator Status Lamp

Table 2.4.1

Light Color Status

Green Running

Blinking Amber/Red Busy with command

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 13 of 42

SECTION 3

Camera Control

3.1 Quick Start with the Camera LinkTM Interface

Follow your Frame Grabber manufacturer’s instructions when inserting the frame grabber card into your PC. Be sure that you install the correct configuration software that matches the camera that you are using.

At this point your camera should already be connected to the DC power supply, and connected to the frame grabber in your PC. Your frame grabber will see our camera and start communicating almost immediately. As soon as your camera starts communicating with the frame grabber, you can verify this fact by looking at your monitor and observing the video signal.

To communicate with your camera we have created specific commands. In the next section we will go over these commands in detail.

3.2 Commands

Note: Commands are not case sensitive. To input commands, type in the three character command and hit enter.

Command Syntax:

Command + enter, example: Type in RSH, then enter

Command + enter + value, example: Type in SSM then enter, then type 2

Command + enter + value + enter, example: Type in SLR then enter, then type 2000, then enter

RSH

This command allows you to perform a hard camera reboot.

The camera returns….………..…Reboot Started

RSS

This command allows you to perform a logic reset.

No return………………………….no message

INQ

This command will show you what camera is connected to your PC.

The camera returns…..………….Fairchild Imaging 2K CMOS

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 14 of 42

VER

This command will show you the current software version in your camera.

The camera returns………………...FPGA REV.2.5 The current value may be different

Micro rev. 0.90 Prod rev. A 1.01

SLR

This command allows you to set line rate, enter value and enter.

The range for line rate should be 204 – 38610.

CPO

This command allows you to Calibrate Pixel Offset. You can observe this command by the blinking green/amber LED. When the LED stops blinking, that means that the calibration of the pixels is completed.

You must cover lens when performing this operation!

CPG

This command allows you to Calibrate Pixel Gain. We strongly recommend that this command be done after each CPO. To perform this operation correctly the camera must look at a uniform illuminated light source. The LED will be a blinking amber/red.

VOM

This command reads the different component voltages located within the camera.

The camera returns…………………INPUT = 6.103

3.9VD = 3.225

3.4VS = 3.448

1.5VD = 1.495 1VAD2 = 0.980 1VAD = 0.980

TSB

This command reads the internal camera temperature.

The camera returns…………………Temp 39.42°C (example)

SIT

This command allows you to set the integration time.

Set line rate first (SLR) before using this command.

Enter value plus enter value in microseconds, Range is 20 – 4900.

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 15 of 42

SSM

This command allows you to set the Sync mode. When selecting the option you need, enter the appropriate single digit number, and then hit enter.

Value

Function

The camera returns …………..…..1 Free run 2 External Sync 3 External Sync, fixed integration 4 External Sync, electronic shutter

SCM

This command allows you to select a correction mode. When selecting the option you need, enter the appropriate single digit number and then hit enter.

Value

The camera returns……………….1 M1 (1 2 M2 (2

Function

memory)

memory) 3 Offset Correction 4 Gain Correction 5 No Correction 6 Full Correction

STP

This command allows you to select a test pattern. When selecting the option you need, enter the appropriate single digit number, and then hit enter.

Value

Function

No output from camera…………1 Horizontal Ramp 2 Vertical Ramp 3 Vertical Bars

4 Vertical Ramp and Bars 5 0 6 4095

Table 3.3.1

offset

gain

time

mode

correction mode

pattern

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 18 of 42

Command Definition Summary

CBR Change Baud rate This function allows user to select baud

rate

LED Light Emitting Diode Change LED state

GDA Get DAC All Returns current DAC setting as a voltage

SDN Set DAC number Change DAC (n) value

GDN Get DAC number Get DAC (n) value

SBS

SAP

RAP

GSN

CAO

CAG

SAG

SGH Set Gain High Set Pixel gain in Sensor

SGL Set Gain Low Set Pixel gain in Sensor

Set Bit shift This function allows user to shift 12, 10, 8

bit video

Stores all parameters This function allows you to save default or

user settings

Recalls all parameters This function allows user to recall the

factory calibration

Get serial number This function allows user to retrieve

camera info, e.g., model + camera serial number

Calibrate Analog Offset This function allows user to calibrate the

analog offset

Calibrate Analog Gain This function allows user to calibrate the

analog Gain

Set Analog Gain This function allows user to set the analog

gain

3.4 The Four Modes for Synchronizing with the CAM/CMOS – 2K.LS

There are four synchronization modes as explained below and summarized in Table 3.4.1 below.

Freerunning Mode is described below in (Figure 3.4.2). In this mode, the camera is not triggered; instead it drives the world around it. It is the default mode set and shipped by the factory.

ExSync Line Synchronization is described below (Figure 3.4.3). The target asychronously synchronizes the CAM/CMOS – 2K.LS from an external trigger via the ExSync line. The user selects ExSync Synchronization or any of the modes via the camera command set. In this mode, start of integration is asynchronously controllable with ExSync, and continues until the end of the line period.

ExSync Line Synchronization with Programmable Integration Time is described in (Figure

3.4.4). This mode is similar to ExSync Synchronization, but in addition, in this mode the user can program the duration of integration over the serial interface to be less than to the end of the line period.

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 19 of 42

ExSync Line Synchronization with Electronic Shutter Control is the fourth mode (Figure 3.4.5). It gives the user asynchronous hardware control both start and end of integration.

The control lines ExSync and ElectronicShutter are CameraLink

lines CC1 and CC2 respectively

as described in Reference A, and must be asserted by the frame grabber.

Mode

Synchronization

Free

Running

(factory default)

The CAM/CMOS

2K.LS drives the frame

grabber(s).

Motion of the subject

being imaged must be

synchronized to the CAM/CMOS-2K.LS

ExSynch

Sychronization

ExSynch

Synchronization

Programmable

Integration Time

ExSynch

Synchronization

Electronic

with

Shutter Control

The User

Synchronizes

the

CAM/CMOS-2K.LS

via an

Encoder.

Summary of CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Modes

Line

Start

Trigger

The

CAM/CMOS -

2K.LS

LineValid

Camera

Output

Triggers

the

frame

grabber(s)

Going

High

The

User

Triggers

the

CAM/CMOS-

2K.LS

taking

ExSynch

Camera

Input

Low

Table 3.4.1

Line

End

Line Ends

- t

LinePeriod

LineValid

Camera Output

Goes High

User may set

with Software

When the User

Camera Input Low

(In this way,

Line Rate

User-Set

Frequency

ExSynch)

after

LinePeriod

takes

ExSynch

Again

the

XFR

Start

Integration

Initiatio n

+ t

Reset

-t

XFR

after

LineValid

Camera Output

Goes High

Reset

after

the System

takes

the

ExSynch

Camera Input

High

Reset

after

the User

takes

ElectronicShutter

Camera Input High

End

Integration

after

start of Integration

User may set

Integration

with Software

When the User

takes

ExSynch

Camera Input Low

+ t

Integration

after User

takes ExSync

Camera Input High

ElecShutter

Camera Input Low

Reset

When

the User

takes the

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 20 of 42

Figure 3.4.1 -- Mode 1: Freerunning

...in this basic mode, usually used for diagnostics & debugging,

no triggering is applied to the camera...

...instead, the camera drives the system with the LineValid Camera Output.

The Line Period and Integration

LinePeriod

Initiation

Reset

IntegrationMax

may be shortened

with the Command Software

LineValid Camera Output

Notes specific to this mode

1 The camera is not triggered -- instead, the camera itself synchronizes the system. This is the default mode

set by the factory The camera internally initiates readout of line "n" on its own. LineValid goes high a time "t

2 3 The user must synchronize motion of the material moving past the camera to the camera's LineValid output

4 The user must synchronize collection of data in the PC frame grabber to the LineValid camera output 5 While LineValid is high, data may be sampled on rising edges of Camera Strobe Output for the 2048 clock cycles

of readout as shown in the inset above; this is the same for all four modes A time "t

initiates pixel reset; Integration then begins time "tReset" later, with this integrated information to be read out in the subsequent line "n+1"

7 The factory-set default is for integration to run until the end of the line period, which results in a maximum

integration time "t

The line period "t

" after the camera internally initiates the readout-and-integration cycle, the camera also internally

Initiation

XFR

2048 Clock Cycles

IntegrationMax

LinePeri od

" = "t

" and the integration time "t

Readout

LinePeri od

Data Came ra Outpu t

Strobe Cam era Output

Line Va lid Came ra Output

" - "t

Reset

 

1 2 3 1023 1024

 

" afterwards

XFR

" - "t

Integration

Initiation

" are selected by the user with the Command Software

n+1

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 21 of 42

Figure 3.4.2 -- Mode 2: ExSync Synchronization

...gives the user asynchronous hardware control over initiation of the camera readout cycle

and over termination of the line period...

...separately gives the user asynchronous hardware control

ExSyn Camera Input

LineValid Camera Output

MinS ync

Reset2

Hold

Readout

2048 Clock Cycles

XFR

LinePeriod

Dat a Ca m er a O utpu t

Strobe Came ra Output

Integration

 

1 2 3 1023 1024

 

Notes specific to this mode

Unlike Freerunning mode, the user triggers (separately) both the CAM/CMOS - 2K.LS readout cycle, and the CAM/CMOS - 2K.LS

reset-&-integration cycle. All of the modes other than Freerunning mode allow the user to do this

2 The user initiates a readout cycle by taking ExSync low as shown above. Readout actually begins a time

" after ExSync is taken low, and lasts 2048 clock cycles

XFR

3 The user can read data from the CAM/CMOS - 2K.LS while LineValid is high as shown above and explained in Figure 3.4.1 4 The reset-&-integration cycle to be read out in the next period "n+1" is initiated by ExSync returning high;

integration begins when reset is complete a time "t

for the remainder of "t

5 The line period is set by the user by returning ExSync low, thereby initiating the next "n+1th" readout cycle

The minimum time that ExSync can be held low is "t

6 7 Integration is cut off when the user takes ExSync low again as shown in the waveforms above

The line period must be greater than or equal to "t

8 9 If the user brings the ExSync Camera Input low prior to "tXFR" + "tReadout" after ExSync goes low, then the CAM/CMOS

2K.LS delays initiation of the "n+1th" readout cycle until "t

". The user can therefore shorten integration time by increasing "t

LinePeriod

Line Va lid Cam era Output

" after ExSync goes high, and continues

Reset

" as shown above

MinSync

plus t

Readout"

", which sets maximum line rate to 50K lines/sec

Xfr

"+ "t

Readout

" has elapsed after ExSync last went low

XFR

 

Hold

" above

n+1

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 22 of 42

Figure 3.4.3 -- Mode 3: ExSync Synchronization with Programmable Integration Time

...Mode 3 is similar to Mode 2...

...the differences are that the reset-&-integration cycle is initiated when ExSync is taken low...

...and the duration of integration

Syn

amera Input

Reset3

user-set with command software

HoldLow

MinS ync

Integration

LinePeriod

HoldHigh

Setup

n+1

LineValid C

amera Output

XFR

Notes specific to this mode

1 The reset-and-integration cycle is initiated by ExSync being taken low by the user; this has the effect

of starting integration as soon as possible at the beginning of the line period ExSync must be returned high at least "t

The user sets integration time "t

3 4 The user can read data from the CAM/CMOS - 2K.LS while LineValid is high as shown above.

Readout

2048 Clock Cycles

" with the software command set

Integration

Data Came ra Output

1 2 3 1023 1024

Strobe Came ra Output

Line Valid Camera Output

" prior to taking it low again to signal the end of the line period

Setup

 

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 23 of 42

Figure 3.4.4 -- Mode 4: ExSync Synchronization and Electronic Shutter Control

...this mode gives the user full asynchronous hardware control over start and end of integration

with the "ElectShutter" Camera Input.

LinePeriod

ElectShutter Camera Input

Wait

x2p

ExSync Camera Input

LineValid Camera Output

2048 Clock Cycles

XFR

Notes specific to this mode 1 The user initiates the reset-&-integration cycle by taking the ElectShutter Camera Input high 2 The user terminates integration by taking the ElectShutter Camera Input low

ElectShutter will not be recognized by the camera until a time "t

3 4 If ElectShutter is brought high earlier than constrained above, the camera will interpret this as ElectShutter

going high "t 5 Any software command setting integration time is overridden by ElectShutter Camera Input

6 If ElectShutter is still high when ExSync is taken low to initiate the next readout cycle, then integration is

immediatel 7 The user can read data from the CAM/CMOS - 2K.LS while LineValid is high as shown above.

" after ExSync went high

x2p

terminated

MinSync

Readout

HoldLow

Reset

Da ta C am era Ou tput

Strobe Ca me ra Output

Line Va lid Came ra Output

Integration

HoldHigh

1 2 3 1023 1024

" after ExSync is brought low

x2p

Setup

 

n+1

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 24 of 42

Table 3.5.6

Synchronization Timing Values

CAM/CMOS-2K.LS

XFR

initiation

Readout

Reset2

Reset3

300nsec

40nsec

25.6nsec

4µsec

5µsec

MinSynch

Hold

x2p

1.425µsec

875ns

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 25 of 42

SECTION 4

Mechanical and Optical Guidance

Figure 4.1

4.1 Camera Dimensions and Mounting Facilities

The CAM/CMOS – 2K.LS camera housing is manufactured with high precision. Planar, parallel, and angular sides guarantee precise mounting with high repeatability.

The CAM/CMOS – 2K.LS is equipped with four M4 mounting holes on the front and two M4 mounting holes on one side and on the bottom of the camera.

Use caution in the following ways to avoid stripping threads or stressing the

case:

• Use only M4 screws -- do not try other metric approximation size screws

• Do not over torque; do not over tighten screws beyond the depth of the holes; do not otherwise

force screws or create a bending moment with them

• Use caution in crafting mounting brackets so that you do not interfere with the lens, or exert force on the lens extender tube barrel, or torque or otherwise place force on any of the connectors on the back of the case. A "L" mounting bracket (figure 4.4) is available; contact your Fairchild Imaging representative for more details.

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 26 of 42

4.2 Lensing

The CAM/CMOS – 2K.LS as shipped from the factory accepts universal manual "F" mount lenses that are available from a number of suppliers. The standard 0.050" Nikon mounting ring is shown in Figure 4.3 below.

Figure 4.3 below shows that the lens extender tube can be detached by unscrewing it so that an optional "C" mount can be installed. If you wish to do this, please contact your Fairchild Imaging Sales representative.

With the lens mount (lens extender tube and its lockring) removed, the front surface of the camera is seen as a square with a large threaded hole in the center. The "z" distance from the surface of the square to the top of the sensor is 13.72mm.

4.3 Lens Mount Extender Tube

Figure 4.3.1

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 27 of 42

Figure 4.3.2

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 28 of 42

4.4 Mechanical Drawing of Available

Camera Face Mounting “L” Bracket

Contact your Fairchild Imaging representative for more details

Figure 4.4.1

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 29 of 42

4.5 Lenses

Fairchild Imaging does not supply lenses.

4.6 Positioning Accuracy of the Sensor Chip in the Camera

Positioning accuracy of the sensor chip in the horizontal and vertical direction is + 0.2 mm. Rotational positioning accuracy is as shown. Reference position is the center of the camera housing.

Since the translatory and rotational positioning tolerance depend on each other, the worse case of maximum rotational and horizontal/vertical mis-positioning can not occur at the same time.

Figure 4.6.1

4.7 Illumination

In your application you must know the amount and wavelengths of light required. Some additional things you want to consider respective to illumination are the characteristics of your light source and the spectral characteristics and speed of the object(s) being inspected.

4.8 Light Sources

When selecting and setting up your light source you should be aware of the following.

• Light sources do age over time.

• When light sources age, they may produce less/more light in some areas of the spectrum.

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 30 of 42

4.9 Lens Modeling

Several camera companies have included this and like information in their manuals. For reference material it is very useful.

The focal point is the point at which the image of an infinitely distant object is brought to focus. The effective focal length (f’) is the distance from the second principal point to the second focal point. The back focal length (BFL) is the distance from the image side of the lens surface to the second focal point. The object distance (OD) is the distance from the first principal point to the object.

Figure 4.9.1

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 31 of 42

SECTION 5

Handling Instructions

5.1 Electrostatic Discharge

The Fairchild Imaging LNL2048S is a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) device, and as all such devices, has some limited inherent susceptibility to electrostatic discharge (ESD).

All reasonable and customary design steps have been taken to provide ESD protection circuitry. The CMOS technology provides greater immunity to ESD problems than do CCD devices.

Electrostatic charge placed at the sensor could cause charging of the chip which in some situations might not be readily dissipated and minor impact on performance might be temporarily experienced. Therefore, do not insert your finger or any other object into the lens mount barrel.

5.2 Preventing ESD Damage

Please be certain to ground yourself prior to handing the camera.

Ensure that your working environment is grounded, including conductive floor mats.

Do not touch the window of the imager.

5.3 Protecting Against Dust, Oil and Scratches

Be certain to avoid dust buildup on the sensor window, where it could block the

optical path.

By not touching the surface of the sensor, you avoid introducing oil and avoid scratching the sensor window. Again, you should not insert anything into the lens mount barrel.

5.4

Use compressed air to blow off particulate.

Cleaning the Sensor Window

If for some reason cleaning of the sensor window is required, use lens wiping cloth with a

small amount of eyeglass cleaning fluid. Do not use solvent as it may smear the sensor window.

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 32 of 42

SECTION 6

Troubleshooting

6.1 Check the Obvious Things Out First

When trouble shooting, you want to start the process with the obvious components contained within your system:

• Computer system: hardware & software

• Is the frame grabber plugged into the correct slot on the mother board

• Are all electrical connections secure

• Check to make sure that your light source is fully functional

• Make sure that the pin configurations for all of your cables are correct

• Make sure you have selected the correct lense for your camera

6.2 Use the Camera Control Interface to Perform Checks

In the Camera Control function, verify that the camera returns the control screen. Verify that you can set various operating parameters.

6.3 Other Areas You Should Check

Contact Customer Support

Before you call for support, be sure to make a note of the camera settings and the frame grabber settings you are using. You should also have saved captured live images. Customer support will frequently request that you e-mail copies of these captured images. See Section 7.

Connections

Double check the pin outs of your cable. Make sure that the connections to the back of the camera and to your PC are secure.

Power Supply Voltage

Make sure and measure that you have 5.0 volts at the camera connector.

Noisy Power Supply

Check your power supply voltage output(s). Check also the noise and ripple specification of your power supply and measure both at the power supply output.

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 33 of 42

Everything Seems To Be Working, But No Image

Remove the cover from your PC and reset all the cards into the Mother board. Sometimes when you move your PC, cards inside the PC work themselves loose.

Data Clocking/Output Signals

Verify the presence of all data clocking and output signals.

Horizontal Lines or Patterns in Output

To eliminate this type of problem use a DC light source.

No Output Or Non Specification Output

If your camera has no output or is putting out an unspecified signal unkown to you. Check the length of your cable. If it is unnecessarily too long, and is also not shielded, your cable most likely is picking up radiated noise and is inputting the noise into your camera.

Vertical Patterns in Output

Sometimes you might see patterns in your output. Most likely these are caused by dirt on your lens or possibly contaminants on the sensor window. Clean both to remove all contaminants.

Images are too Bright or too Dark

The causes to this problem should be obvious, but many times are overlooked. If your image that you have captured is too dark or light, then experiment with the lens aperture. Sometimes if you lengthen or shorten the exposure time this will effect your image.

Remember your camera control command “CPG”. This command allows you to either increase or decrease pixel gain, which can have a dramatic impact on your image.

Lastly, don’t forget to check your lighting.

Images Look Noisy

There are several things that can cause this condition. Remember our camera command “CPG”. Work with this command. Try increasing and decreasing pixel gain until you find the right setting.

Look for an increase in dark current. If the ambient temp. increases this will cause noise in the image.

Look at your light source. If your light source is AC instead of DC this will make the image look noisy. Also if the object you are inspecting has different surface textures this could produce an image that may look noisy.

Bits That Do Not Change Value

If you see that data bits are not changing values, after you have changed them, then the first thing to check is that the camera is not saturated by preventing light from entering. Next, disconnect the Camera Link cable from the camera. Check the digital signals at the output of the camera, ensuring that the correct values and signals are present.

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 34 of 42

SECTION 7

Product Support

If after troubleshooting your camera, and you still have problems, collect the following data about your application and situation and call Fairchild Imaging Customer Support.

Note: You may want to photocopy this page to fax to Fairchild Imaging @ 408-735-7352

Your Name

Company name

Your phone number

Your Fax number

Product Model Number

(e.g. CAM/CMOS – 2K.LS)

Camera serial number

Detailed description of problem encountered

Please attach description with as much detail as appropriate

When calling Fairchild Imaging, 1-800-325-6975, ask for Customer Support.

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 35 of 42

REFERENCE A

Camera Link

Introduction

Camera Link is a Protocol that is Implemented in Channel Link Hardware

Camera Link is a communication interface for machine vision. The interface extends the underlying technology of Channel Link to provide a specification more useful in this application.

For years, the scientific and industrial digital video market has lacked a standard method of communication. Both frame grabbers and camera manufacturers developed products with different connectors, making cable production difficult for manufacturers and very confusing for consumers. A connectivity standard between digital cameras and frame grabbers has been long overdue and will become even more necessary as data rates continue to increase.

Increasingly, diverse cameras and advanced signal and data transmissions have made a connectivity standard like Camera Link a necessity. The Camera Link interface will reduce support time, as well as the cost of that support. The standard cable will be able to handle the increased signal speeds, and the cable assembly will allow customers to reduce their costs through volume pricing.

Channel Link is a Widely-Used Signaling Method

National Semiconductor initially developed the Channel Link technology for flat-panel displays, and based it on the LVDS physical layer. This technology was then extended for general-purpose data transmission. Channel Link is built up of sets of driver and receiver pairs. Each driver set accepts 28 single-ended data signals and an accompanying single-ended clock. This data is serialized 7:1, and the resulting four data streams and clock signal are driven over five LVDS pairs. The receiver accepts these five signals and drives the full 28 bits and clock signal to its output pins as shown in Figure A.1.

Channel Link's transmission method requires fewer conductors to transfer data and allow for a smaller connector, which is important for compact cameras such as the CAM/CMOS – 2K.LS

The Channel Link chipset provides data transmission rates up to 2.38 Gbit/sec.

Channel Link uses LVDS, a Low-Voltage Differential Signaling Standard

Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) is a high-speed, low-power general purpose interface standard. The standard, known as ANSI/TIA/EIA-644, was approved in March 1996. LVDS uses differential signaling, with a nominal signal swing of 350mV differential. The low signal swing decreases rise and fall times to achieve a theoretical maximum transmission rate of 1.923 Gbps into a lossless medium. The low signal swing also means that the standard is not dependent on a particular supply voltage. LVDS uses current-mode drivers, which limit power consumption. The differential signals are immune to up to ±1 V common volt noise.

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Video Data Signals

The Channel Link technology is integral to the transmission of video data. Image data and image enable signals are transmitted on the Channel Link bus. Four enable signals are:

FVAL-Frame Valid (FVAL) is defined HIGH for valid lines (not used by the CAM/CMOS – 2K.LS).

LVAL-Line Valid (LVAL) is defined HIGH for valid pixels (LineValid Output in the CAM CMOS – 2K.LS). DVAL-Data Valid (DVAL) is defined HIGH when data is valid (Always High in the

CAM/CMOS – 2K.LS).

Spare- A spare has been defined for future use (not used by the CAM/CMOS–

2K.LS).

In the general specification, all four enable signals must be provided by the camera on each Channel Link chip. All unused data bits must be tied to a known value by the camera.

For more information on image data bit allocations, refer to the official CameraLink (http://www.machinevisiononline.org

.).

specification

Camera Control Signals

Four LVDS pairs are reserved for general-purpose camera control. They are defined as camera inputs and frame grabber outputs. Camera manufacturers can define these signals to meet their needs for a particular product. In the case of the Fairchild Imaging CAM/CMOS - 2K.LS, the signals are:

• "ExSync" Line Synchonization Input (generically Camera Control 1, CC1)

• "

•

• Spare, unused (generically Camera Control 4, CC4)

ElectShutter" Exposure Control Input (generically Camera Control 2, CC2)

Spare, unused (generically Camera Control 3 ,CC3)

Communication

Two LVDS pairs have been allocated for asynchronous serial communication to and from the camera and frame grabber. Cameras and frame grabbers should support at least 9600 baud. These signals are:

SerTFG Differential pair serial communications to the frame grabber.

SerTC Differential pair serial communications to the camera.

The serial interface will have the following characteristics: one start bit, one stop bit, no parity, and no handshaking. It is recommended that frame grabber manufacturers supply both a user interface and a software application programmming interface (API) for using the asynchronous serial communication port. The user interface will consist of a terminal program with minimal capabilities of sending and receiving a character string and sending a file of bytes. The software API will provide functions to enumerate boards and send or receive a character string.

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Power

Per the standard, power is not provided on the CameraLinkTM connector of the camera. Power is supplied through the Hirose connector.

Port Assignments

See Tables 3.4.1 for the options of using the CAM/CMOS - 2K.LS with CameraLinkTM.

In CameraLinkTM, a port is defined as an 8-bit word as shown in Figure A.2. The least significant bit (LSB) is bit 0 and the most significant bit (MSB) is bit 7. The full configuration CameraLink

utilizes eight ports, "A" through "H," although the CAM/CMOS - 2K.LS Model Camera only requires three, again as shown in Figure A.2.

For More Information on CameraLink

Refer to the Automated Imaging Association's website at:

http://www.machinevisiononline.org

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 38 of 42

Camera Link Connections -- the MDR 26-Pin Connector

The 3M MDR-26 connector was selected for its robust design and reputation for success with highfrequency Channel Link transfer rates over several years of experience.

The MDR-26 connector is addressed in Section 2.2

Figure A.1

Channel Link Operation

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 39 of 42

Figure A.2

Data Routing for Base, Medium and Full Configurations

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 40 of 42

Figure A.3

Data Routing for Base, Medium and Full configurations

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 41 of 42

Figure A.4

Camera Link Cable

Figure A.5

3M Part Number Ordering Information

(see further www.3M.com)

Fairchild Imaging • CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera User’s Manual • Rev C• 42 of 42

Fairchild CAM-CMOS-2K.LS User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Camera User’s Manual

USERS MANUAL

The CAM/CMOS-2K.LS Line Scan Camera

SECTION 1

Description

Programmability

Usability

Functions RDI MRDI Data rates Line rates Dynamic Range

Table 1.2.2

Settings and Controls

1.4 Image Sensor

Figure 1.3.1

RDI and MRDI Responsivity Curve

SECTION 2

2.2 Connectors, Pinouts, and Cables

3M p/n 334 – 34 series

Table 2.2.1

Figure 2.3.1

Back View of CAM/CMOS – 2K.LS

Table 2.4.1

SECTION 3

Table 3.3.1

Table 3.5.6

CAM/CMOS-2K.LS

SECTION 4

Figure 4.3.1

Figure 4.3.2

Figure 4.6.1

SECTION 5

SECTION 6

Troubleshooting

Contact Customer Support

Connections

Power Supply Voltage

Noisy Power Supply

Data Clocking/Output Signals

Horizontal Lines or Patterns in Output

No Output Or Non Specification Output

Vertical Patterns in Output

Images are too Bright or too Dark

Images Look Noisy

Bits That Do Not Change Value

SECTION 7

Product Support

Your Fax number

When calling Fairchild Imaging, 1-800-325-6975, ask for Customer Support.

REFERENCE A

Port Assignments

Figure A.2