Extreme Networks ExtremeWare XOS Guide, ExtremeWare XOS 11.3 User Manual
ExtremeWare XOS Concepts Guide
Software Version 11.3
Extreme Networks, Inc.
3585 Monroe Street
Santa Clara, California 95051
(408) 579-2800
(888) 257-3000
http://www.extremenetworks.com
Published: September 2005
Part number: 100194-00 Rev 01
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and other countries. Other names and marks may be the property of their respective owners.
© 2005 Extreme Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
The ExtremeWare XOS operating system is based, in part, on the Linux operating system. The machine-readable
copy of the corresponding source code is available for the cost of distribution. Please direct requests to Extreme
Networks for more information at the following address:
Software Licensing Department
3585 Monroe Street
Santa Clara CA 95051
NetWare and Novell are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc. Merit is a registered trademark of Merit Network,
Inc. Solaris and Java are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. F5, BIG/ip, and 3DNS are registered trademarks of
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All other registered trademarks, trademarks and service marks are property of their respective owners.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Authors: Hugh Bussell, Megan Mahar, Peggy Murphy
Production: Hugh Bussell
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ExtremeWare XOS 11.3 Concepts Guide
Contents
Preface......................................................................................................................................... 21
Introduction .............................................................................................................................21
Terminology........................................................................................................................21
Conventions..............................................................................................................................22
Platform-Dependent Conventions ..........................................................................................22
Text Conventions.................................................................................................................22
Related Publications .................................................................................................................23
Using ExtremeWare XOS Publications Online .........................................................................23
Part 1: Using ExtremeWare XOS
Chapter 1: ExtremeWare XOS Overview........................................................................................... 27
Platforms and Required Software Versions...................................................................................27
Summary of Features.................................................................................................................27
Feature Highlights of ExtremeWare XOS 11.3 ........................................................................28
Software Licensing ....................................................................................................................33
Upgrading on the BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only .................................................................34
Obtaining a License Voucher ................................................................................................35
Enabling and Verifying Licenses ...........................................................................................35
Security Licensing...............................................................................................................35
Software Factory Defaults ..........................................................................................................36
Chapter 2: Accessing the Switch.................................................................................................... 39
Understanding the Command Syntax...........................................................................................39
Syntax Helper .....................................................................................................................40
Command Shortcuts ............................................................................................................41
Names ...............................................................................................................................41
Symbols .............................................................................................................................41
Limits ................................................................................................................................42
Port Numbering ........................................................................................................................42
Stand-alone Switch Numerical Ranges ..................................................................................43
Modular Switch Numerical Ranges........................................................................................43
Line-Editing Keys......................................................................................................................43
Command History......................................................................................................................44
Common Commands..................................................................................................................44
Accessing the Switch the First Time............................................................................................46
Safe Defaults Setup Method.................................................................................................47
Configuring Management Access ................................................................................................47
User Account......................................................................................................................48
Administrator Account .........................................................................................................48
Default Accounts.................................................................................................................48
Creating a Management Account...........................................................................................49
Failsafe Account .................................................................................................................49
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Managing Passwords .................................................................................................................50
Applying a Password to the Default Account ..........................................................................50
Applying Security to Passwords.............................................................................................51
Displaying Passwords...........................................................................................................52
Access to Both MSM Console Ports—Modular Switches Only.........................................................53
Domain Name Service Client Services .........................................................................................53
Checking Basic Connectivity.......................................................................................................54
Ping...................................................................................................................................54
Traceroute ..........................................................................................................................55
Displaying Switch Information ....................................................................................................56
Chapter 3: Managing the Switch .................................................................................................... 59
Overview ..................................................................................................................................59
Understanding the ExtremeWare XOS Shell .................................................................................60
Using the Console Interface .......................................................................................................60
Using the 10/100 Ethernet Management Port..............................................................................61
Using EPICenter to Manage the Network .....................................................................................61
Authenticating Users .................................................................................................................62
RADIUS Client....................................................................................................................62
TACACS+ ...........................................................................................................................62
Management Accounts.........................................................................................................62
Using Telnet.............................................................................................................................62
About the Telnet Client........................................................................................................63
About the Telnet Server .......................................................................................................63
Connecting to Another Host Using Telnet...............................................................................64
Configuring Switch IP Parameters .........................................................................................64
Configuring Telnet Access to the Switch ................................................................................66
Disconnecting a Telnet Session ............................................................................................68
Using Secure Shell 2.................................................................................................................69
Using the Trivial File Transfer Protocol........................................................................................69
Connecting to Another Host Using TFTP ................................................................................69
Understanding System Redundancy with Dual MSMs Installed—Modular Switches Only ..................70
Node Election .....................................................................................................................70
Replicating Data Between Nodes ..........................................................................................72
Viewing Node Status............................................................................................................73
Understanding Hitless Failover Support—Modular Switches Only...................................................74
Protocol Support for Hitless Failover .....................................................................................74
Platform Support for Hitless Failover.....................................................................................77
Hitless Failover Caveats .......................................................................................................78
Understanding Power Supply Management ..................................................................................78
Using Power Supplies—Modular Switches Only......................................................................79
Using Power Supplies—Summit X450 Switch Only ................................................................81
Displaying Power Supply Information ....................................................................................82
Using the Simple Network Management Protocol .........................................................................82
Enabling and Disabling SNMPv1/v2c and SNMPv3 ................................................................83
Accessing Switch Agents......................................................................................................84
Supported MIBs..................................................................................................................84
Configuring SNMPv1/v2c Settings ........................................................................................84
Displaying SNMP Settings....................................................................................................84
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SNMPv3.............................................................................................................................85
Message Processing.............................................................................................................86
SNMPv3 Security................................................................................................................86
SNMPv3 MIB Access Control ...............................................................................................89
SNMPv3 Notification...........................................................................................................90
Using the Simple Network Time Protocol.....................................................................................92
Configuring and Using SNTP ................................................................................................93
SNTP Example....................................................................................................................96
Chapter 4: Managing the ExtremeWare XOS Software...................................................................... 97
Overview of the ExtremeWare XOS Software .................................................................................97
Understanding the ExtremeWare XOS Software ......................................................................97
Using the ExtremeWare XOS File System.....................................................................................98
Moving or Renaming Files on the Switch ...............................................................................98
Copying Files on the Switch .................................................................................................99
Displaying Files on the Switch ............................................................................................100
Deleting Files From the Switch ...........................................................................................101
Managing the Configuration File ...............................................................................................102
Managing ExtremeWare XOS Processes .....................................................................................103
Displaying Process Information...........................................................................................103
Stopping a Process............................................................................................................104
Starting a Process .............................................................................................................105
Understanding Memory Protection ............................................................................................105
Monitoring CPU Utilization.......................................................................................................106
Disabling CPU Monitoring ..................................................................................................106
Enabling CPU Monitoring...................................................................................................106
Displaying CPU Utilization History ......................................................................................107
Chapter 5: Configuring Slots and Ports on a Switch....................................................................... 109
Configuring a Slot on a Modular Switch—BlackDiamond 10K Switch and
BlackDiamond 8800 Family of Switches Only............................................................................109
Overview...........................................................................................................................109
I/O Ports on BlackDiamond 8810 MSM Module ...................................................................110
I/O Ports on BlackDiamond 8806 MSM Module ...................................................................111
Configuring Ports on a Switch...................................................................................................111
Port Numbering ................................................................................................................112
Enabling and Disabling Switch Ports ...................................................................................113
Configuring Switch Port Speed and Duplex Setting ...............................................................113
Jumbo Frames ........................................................................................................................116
Jumbo Frames on the BlackDiamond 8800 Family of Switches and Summit X450 Switch Only 116
Enabling Jumbo Frames.....................................................................................................116
Path MTU Discovery ..........................................................................................................117
IP Fragmentation with Jumbo Frames..................................................................................117
IP Fragmentation within a VLAN .........................................................................................118
Link Aggregation on the Switch ................................................................................................119
Link Aggregation and Software-Controlled Redundant Ports—Summit X450 Switch Only .........120
Dynamic versus Static Load Sharing....................................................................................120
Load-Sharing Algorithms....................................................................................................120
LACP—Dynamic Link Aggregation.......................................................................................122
Configuring Switch Load Sharing ........................................................................................123
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Load-Sharing Examples .....................................................................................................125
Displaying Switch Load Sharing..........................................................................................126
Switch Port Mirroring...............................................................................................................129
Switch Port Mirroring on the BlackDiamond 8800 Family of Switches and the
Summit X450 Switch Only.................................................................................................130
Switch Port Mirroring on the BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only................................................131
Switch Port-Mirroring Rules and Restrictions for All Switches ................................................131
Switch Port-Mirroring Examples..........................................................................................132
Verifying the Switch Port-Mirroring Configuration .................................................................133
Extreme Discovery Protocol ......................................................................................................133
Software-Controlled Redundant Port and Smart Redundancy.......................................................135
Guidelines for Software-Controlled Redundant Ports and Port Groups .....................................136
Configuring Software-Controlled Redundant Ports.................................................................137
Verifying Software-Controlled Redundant Port Configurations.................................................137
Configuring Automatic Failover for Combination Ports—Summit X450 Switch Only .......................138
Displaying Port Configuration Information..................................................................................140
Port Display—Summit X450 Switch Only ............................................................................143
Port Display—BlackDiamond 8800 Family of Switches Only .................................................144
Port Display—BlackDiamond 10K Series Switch Only...........................................................145
Chapter 6: Link Layer Discovery Protocol...................................................................................... 147
Overview ................................................................................................................................147
LLDP Messages ......................................................................................................................148
LLDP Packets ...................................................................................................................148
Transmitting LLDP Messages..............................................................................................149
Receiving LLDP Messages..................................................................................................149
Managing LLDP ......................................................................................................................150
Supported TLVs ......................................................................................................................150
Mandatory TLVs ................................................................................................................152
Optional TLVs ...................................................................................................................152
Configuring LLDP....................................................................................................................156
Enabling and Disabling LLDP .............................................................................................156
Configuring the System Description TLV Advertisement.........................................................156
Configuring LLDP Timers ...................................................................................................157
Configuring SNMP for LLDP ...............................................................................................157
Configuring Optional TLV Advertisements ............................................................................158
Unconfiguring LLDP ..........................................................................................................160
Displaying LLDP Settings.........................................................................................................160
Displaying LLDP Port Configuration Information ...................................................................160
Displaying LLDP Information Detected from Neighboring Ports ..............................................162
Chapter 7: Power Over Ethernet.................................................................................................... 163
Summary of PoE Features........................................................................................................163
Power Checking for PoE Module ...............................................................................................164
Power Delivery ........................................................................................................................164
Enabling PoE to the Switch................................................................................................164
Power Reserve Budget Per Slot...........................................................................................164
PD Disconnect Precedence ................................................................................................165
Port Disconnect or Fault ....................................................................................................166
Port Power Reset...............................................................................................................167
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PoE Usage Threshold.........................................................................................................167
Legacy Devices .................................................................................................................167
PoE Operator Limits ..........................................................................................................168
LEDs......................................................................................................................................168
Configuring PoE ......................................................................................................................169
Enabling Inline Power........................................................................................................169
Reserving Power for a Slot..................................................................................................170
Setting the Disconnect Precedence .....................................................................................170
Configuring the Usage Threshold ........................................................................................171
Configuring the Switch to Detect Legacy PDs .......................................................................172
Configuring the Operator Limit ...........................................................................................172
Configuring PoE Port Labels...............................................................................................173
Power Cycling Connected PDs ............................................................................................173
Displaying PoE Settings and Statistics ......................................................................................173
Clearing Statistics .............................................................................................................173
Displaying System Power Information..................................................................................173
Displaying Slot PoE Information .........................................................................................176
Displaying Port PoE Information .........................................................................................177
Chapter 8: Status Monitoring and Statistics .................................................................................. 181
Status Monitoring....................................................................................................................181
Viewing Port Statistics .............................................................................................................181
Viewing Port Errors..................................................................................................................182
Using the Port Monitoring Display Keys .....................................................................................183
Diagnostics.............................................................................................................................184
Running Diagnostics on I/O and Management Modules—Modular Switches Only .....................185
Running Diagnostics on the Summit X450 Switch Only ........................................................185
Observing LED Behavior During a Diagnostic Test.................................................................186
Displaying Diagnostic Test Results......................................................................................189
System Health Checking—Modular Switches Only ......................................................................189
Understanding the System Health Checker—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only .........................189
Understanding the System Health Checker—BlackDiamond 8800 Family of Switches Only ......190
Enabling and Disabling Backplane Diagnostic Packets on the Switch .....................................190
Configuring Backplane Diagnostic Packets on the Switch ......................................................191
System Health Check Examples..........................................................................................191
Setting the System Recovery Level............................................................................................193
Configuring System Recovery..............................................................................................193
Configuring Module Recovery—Modular Switches Only .........................................................193
Viewing the System Temperature ..............................................................................................195
System Temperature Output—Modular Switches Only...........................................................195
System Temperature Output—Summit X450 Switch Only .....................................................196
Power Supply Temperature—Modular Switches Only.............................................................196
Fan Tray Temperature—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only ......................................................197
Event Management System/Logging ..........................................................................................197
Sending Event Messages to Log Targets...............................................................................198
Filtering Events Sent to Targets ..........................................................................................199
Displaying Real-Time Log Messages ....................................................................................207
Displaying Event Logs........................................................................................................207
Uploading Event Logs ........................................................................................................208
Displaying Counts of Event Occurrences ..............................................................................208
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Displaying Debug Information.............................................................................................209
Logging Configuration Changes...........................................................................................209
Using sFlow............................................................................................................................209
Configuring sFlow..............................................................................................................210
Displaying sFlow Information..............................................................................................213
RMON....................................................................................................................................213
About RMON ....................................................................................................................213
Supported RMON Groups of the Switch ...............................................................................214
Configuring RMON ............................................................................................................216
Event Actions ...................................................................................................................216
Displaying RMON Information ............................................................................................217
Chapter 9: Virtual LANs ............................................................................................................... 219
Overview of Virtual LANs..........................................................................................................219
Benefits ...........................................................................................................................219
Virtual Routers and VLANs—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only................................................220
Types of VLANs.......................................................................................................................220
Port-Based VLANs .............................................................................................................220
Tagged VLANs ..................................................................................................................223
Protocol-Based VLANs .......................................................................................................225
Precedence of Tagged Packets Over Protocol Filters .............................................................227
Default VLAN....................................................................................................................227
VLAN Names ..........................................................................................................................228
Renaming a VLAN .............................................................................................................228
Configuring VLANs on the Switch .............................................................................................229
VLAN Configuration Examples ............................................................................................229
Displaying VLAN Settings.........................................................................................................230
Displaying Protocol Information ..........................................................................................232
Tunneling (VMANs) .................................................................................................................232
Overview...........................................................................................................................232
QoS Queue on Egress Port..................................................................................................234
Guidelines for Configuring VMANs ......................................................................................235
Configuring VMANs ...........................................................................................................235
Displaying VMAN Configurations.........................................................................................238
Chapter 10: Virtual Routers.......................................................................................................... 241
Virtual Routers Overview ..........................................................................................................241
Types of Virtual Routers .....................................................................................................242
Virtual Router Configuration Domain—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only ..................................243
Using Virtual Routers—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only .............................................................244
Creating Virtual Routers .....................................................................................................244
Configuring Ports to a Single or to Multiple Virtual Router(s) .................................................244
Adding Routing Protocols to a Virtual Router........................................................................245
Displaying Ports and Protocols............................................................................................245
Configuring the Routing Protocols and VLANs ......................................................................246
Virtual Router Configuration Example ........................................................................................246
Chapter 11: Forwarding Database.................................................................................................249
Overview of the FDB ................................................................................................................249
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FDB Contents ...................................................................................................................249
How FDB Entries Get Added...............................................................................................250
FDB Entry Types ...............................................................................................................250
FDB Configuration Examples ....................................................................................................251
Adding a Permanent Static Entry ........................................................................................251
Configuring the FDB Aging Time.........................................................................................252
Clearing FDB Entries .........................................................................................................252
Displaying FDB Entries ............................................................................................................252
MAC-Based Security................................................................................................................253
Disabling MAC Address Learning ........................................................................................253
Disabling Egress Flooding ..................................................................................................254
Displaying Learning and Flooding Settings...........................................................................256
Multicast FDB with Multiport Entry—Summit X450 Switch and BlackDiamond 8800 Chassis Only.256
Chapter 12: Policy Manager ........................................................................................................ 257
Policy Manager .......................................................................................................................257
Creating and Editing Policies....................................................................................................257
Using the Edit Command ...................................................................................................258
Using a Separate Machine .................................................................................................258
Checking Policies..............................................................................................................258
Refreshing Policies............................................................................................................259
Applying Policies ....................................................................................................................259
Applying ACL Policies........................................................................................................259
Applying Routing Policies ..................................................................................................260
Chapter 13: Access Lists (ACLs)................................................................................................... 261
ACLs......................................................................................................................................261
ACL Policy File Syntax .......................................................................................................262
Dynamic ACLs ..................................................................................................................268
ACL Evaluation Precedence................................................................................................269
ACL Metering—BlackDiamond 8800 Family and Summit X450 Only .....................................271
Applying ACL Policy Files ........................................................................................................272
Displaying and Clearing ACL Counters .................................................................................273
Example ACL Rule Entries .................................................................................................273
Chapter 14: Routing Policies ....................................................................................................... 279
Routing Policies......................................................................................................................279
Routing Policy File Syntax..................................................................................................279
Applying Routing Policies ..................................................................................................284
Policy Examples................................................................................................................284
Chapter 15: Quality of Service ..................................................................................................... 289
Overview of Policy-Based Quality of Service ...............................................................................289
Applications and Types of QoS .................................................................................................290
Voice Applications.............................................................................................................290
Video Applications.............................................................................................................290
Critical Database Applications ............................................................................................291
Web Browsing Applications ................................................................................................291
File Server Applications .....................................................................................................291
Configuring QoS......................................................................................................................292
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Configuring QoS on the BlackDiamond 8800 Family of Switches and the
Summit X450 Switch Only.................................................................................................292
QoS Profiles ...........................................................................................................................293
QoS Profiles on the BlackDiamond 8800 Family of Switches and the
Summit X450 Switch Only.................................................................................................293
QoS Profiles on the BlackDiamond 10K Switch....................................................................294
Traffic Groupings ....................................................................................................................295
Precedence of Traffic Groupings .........................................................................................295
ACL-Based Traffic Groupings..............................................................................................296
Explicit Class of Service (802.1p and DiffServ) Traffic Groupings ..........................................296
Physical and Logical Groupings ..........................................................................................304
Verifying QoS Configuration and Performance ............................................................................307
Monitoring Performance—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only ...................................................307
Displaying QoS Profile Information......................................................................................308
Guidelines for Configuring QoS.................................................................................................309
Egress Traffic Rate Limiting—BlackDiamond 8800 Family of Switches and Summit X450 Switch Only.
309
Bi-Directional Rate Shaping—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only....................................................310
Bandwidth Settings ...........................................................................................................311
Configuring Bi-Directional Rate Shaping..............................................................................312
Chapter 16: Security ................................................................................................................... 313
Security Overview....................................................................................................................313
Safe Defaults Mode .................................................................................................................314
MAC Address Security .............................................................................................................315
Limiting Dynamic MAC Addresses.......................................................................................315
MAC Address Lock Down ...................................................................................................317
DHCP Server ..........................................................................................................................318
Enabling and Disabling DHCP ............................................................................................318
Configuring the DHCP Server..............................................................................................319
Displaying DHCP Information .............................................................................................319
Denial of Service Protection .....................................................................................................320
Configuring Simulated Denial of Service Protection ..............................................................320
Configuring Denial of Service Protection..............................................................................321
Authenticating Users Using RADIUS or TACACS+ ......................................................................322
RADIUS ...........................................................................................................................322
Configuring RADIUS..........................................................................................................325
TACACS+ .........................................................................................................................330
Secure Shell 2........................................................................................................................335
Enabling SSH2 for Inbound Switch Access ..........................................................................335
Using ACLs to Control SSH2 Access ...................................................................................337
Using SCP2 from an External SSH2 Client ..........................................................................338
SSH2 Client Functions on the Switch..................................................................................338
Secure Socket Layer................................................................................................................339
Enabling and Disabling SSL ...............................................................................................340
Creating Certificates and Private Keys .................................................................................341
Displaying SSL Information................................................................................................343
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Chapter 17: Network Login .......................................................................................................... 345
Network Login Overview ...........................................................................................................345
Web-Based, MAC-Based, and 802.1x Authentication............................................................346
Multiple Supplicant Support ..............................................................................................347
Campus and ISP Modes .....................................................................................................348
Network Login and Hitless Failover—Modular Switches Only .................................................348
Configuring Network Login .......................................................................................................349
Enabling or Disabling Network Login on the Switch ..............................................................350
Enabling or Disabling Network Login on a Specific Port ........................................................350
Configuring the Move Fail Action ........................................................................................350
Displaying Network Login Settings ......................................................................................350
Exclusions and Limitations.................................................................................................351
Authenticating Users ...............................................................................................................351
Creating User Accounts on the RADIUS Server.....................................................................351
Configuring Local Database Authentication ..........................................................................355
802.1x Authentication.............................................................................................................359
Interoperability Requirements.............................................................................................359
Enabling and Disabling 802.1x Network Login.....................................................................360
802.1x Network Login Configuration Example......................................................................361
Configuring Guest VLANs ...................................................................................................361
Post-authentication VLAN Movement ..................................................................................363
Web-Based Authentication .......................................................................................................363
Enabling and Disabling Web-Based Network Login ...............................................................364
Configuring the Base URL..................................................................................................364
Configuring the Redirect Page ............................................................................................364
Configuring Session Refresh...............................................................................................365
Configuring Logout Privilege...............................................................................................365
Web-Based Network Login Configuration Example ................................................................365
Web-Based Authentication User Login.................................................................................367
MAC-Based Authentication ......................................................................................................368
Enabling and Disabling MAC-Based Network Login...............................................................369
Associating a MAC Address to a Specific Port ......................................................................369
Adding and Deleting MAC Addresses...................................................................................369
Displaying the MAC Address List ........................................................................................370
Secure MAC Configuration Example ....................................................................................370
MAC-Based Network Login Configuration Example................................................................371
Additional Network Login Configuration Details ..........................................................................371
Configuring Netlogin MAC-Based VLANs—BlackDiamond 8800 Family of Switches and the Summit
X450 Switch Only .............................................................................................................372
Chapter 18: CLEAR-Flow .............................................................................................................. 375
Overview ................................................................................................................................375
Configuring CLEAR-Flow ..........................................................................................................375
Displaying CLEAR-Flow Configuration and Activity................................................................376
Adding CLEAR-Flow Rules to ACLs ...........................................................................................376
CLEAR-Flow Rule Match Type ............................................................................................377
CLEAR-Flow Rule Match Conditions....................................................................................378
CLEAR-Flow Rule Actions ..................................................................................................384
CLEAR-Flow Rule Examples .....................................................................................................389
Count Expression Example .................................................................................................389
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Delta Expression Example ..................................................................................................389
Ratio Expression Example ..................................................................................................390
Delta-Ratio Expression Example..........................................................................................392
Part 2: Using Switching and Routing Protocols
Chapter 19: Ethernet Automatic Protection Switching.................................................................... 395
Licensing ...............................................................................................................................395
Overview of the EAPS Protocol .................................................................................................395
Fast Convergence ..............................................................................................................397
Fault Detection and Recovery ...................................................................................................397
Link Down Message Sent by a Transit Node .........................................................................398
Ring Port Down Event Sent by Hardware Layer.....................................................................398
Polling .............................................................................................................................399
Restoration Operations.......................................................................................................399
Multiple EAPS Domains...........................................................................................................400
EAPS Data VLAN Spanning Two Rings Connected by One Switch...........................................400
Multiple EAPS Domains per Ring—Spatial Reuse.................................................................401
Multiple EAPS Rings Sharing a Common Link......................................................................402
Configuring EAPS on a Switch..................................................................................................403
Creating and Deleting an EAPS Domain...............................................................................404
Defining the EAPS Mode of the Switch................................................................................404
Configuring EAPS Polling Timers ........................................................................................405
Configuring the Primary and Secondary Ports.......................................................................406
Configuring the EAPS Control VLAN....................................................................................406
Configuring the EAPS Protected VLANs ...............................................................................407
Enabling and Disabling Fast Convergence............................................................................407
Enabling and Disabling an EAPS Domain.............................................................................407
Enabling and Disabling EAPS on the Switch ........................................................................407
Unconfiguring an EAPS Ring Port .......................................................................................408
Displaying EAPS Status Information....................................................................................408
Configuring EAPS Shared Ports ................................................................................................411
Steady State .....................................................................................................................412
Common Link Failures .......................................................................................................412
Flushing the FDBs.............................................................................................................414
Creating and Deleting a Shared Port....................................................................................414
Defining the Mode of the Shared Port..................................................................................414
Configuring the Link ID of the Shared Port...........................................................................414
Configuring the Shared Port Segment Timer.........................................................................415
Unconfiguring an EAPS Shared Port....................................................................................415
Displaying EAPS Shared-Port Status Information..................................................................415
EAPS Shared Port Configuration Rules ......................................................................................418
EAPS Shared Port Configuration Examples ................................................................................419
Basic Configuration ...........................................................................................................419
Basic Core Configuration....................................................................................................419
Right Angle Configuration ..................................................................................................420
Combined Basic Core and Right Angle Configuration ............................................................420
Large Core and Access Rings Configuration..........................................................................421
Advanced Configuration .....................................................................................................422
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Chapter 20: Spanning Tree Protocol............................................................................................. 423
Overview of the Spanning Tree Protocol.....................................................................................423
Spanning Tree Domains...........................................................................................................423
Member VLANs .................................................................................................................424
STPD Modes.....................................................................................................................425
Encapsulation Modes.........................................................................................................425
STP States .......................................................................................................................426
Binding Ports....................................................................................................................427
Rapid Root Failover ...........................................................................................................429
STP and Hitless Failover—Modular Switches Only................................................................429
STP Configurations..................................................................................................................430
Basic STP Configuration ....................................................................................................430
Multiple STPDs on a Port...................................................................................................433
VLAN Spanning Multiple STPDs .........................................................................................433
EMISTP Deployment Constraints ........................................................................................434
Per VLAN Spanning Tree..........................................................................................................436
STPD VLAN Mapping.........................................................................................................436
Native VLAN .....................................................................................................................436
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol ..................................................................................................436
RSTP Concepts .................................................................................................................437
RSTP Operation ................................................................................................................439
STP Rules and Restrictions ......................................................................................................447
Configuring STP on the Switch .................................................................................................447
STP Configuration Examples ....................................................................................................448
Basic 802.1D Configuration Example..................................................................................448
EMISTP Configuration Example ..........................................................................................449
RSTP 802.1w Configuration Example..................................................................................450
Displaying STP Settings...........................................................................................................452
Chapter 21: Extreme Standby Router Protocol ............................................................................... 455
Overview of ESRP ...................................................................................................................455
ESRP Modes of Operation ..................................................................................................456
ESRP and ELRP................................................................................................................456
Reasons to Use ESRP........................................................................................................456
ESRP Concepts.......................................................................................................................456
ESRP-Aware Switches .......................................................................................................458
Standard and Extended ESRP ............................................................................................459
ESRP Domains .................................................................................................................460
Linking ESRP Switches......................................................................................................461
ESRP and Hitless Failover—Modular Switches Only..............................................................461
Determining the ESRP Master ..................................................................................................462
Master Switch Behavior .....................................................................................................463
Pre-Master Switch Behavior................................................................................................463
Slave Switch Behavior .......................................................................................................463
Neutral Switch Behavior ....................................................................................................463
Electing the Master Switch.................................................................................................463
ESRP Failover Time...........................................................................................................464
ESRP Election Algorithms ..................................................................................................465
Configuring an ESRP Domain on a Switch .................................................................................466
Creating and Deleting an ESRP Domain...............................................................................467
ExtremeWare XOS 11.3 Concepts Guide
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Contents
Configuring the ESRP Domain ID........................................................................................468
Adding VLANs to an ESRP Domain .....................................................................................468
Enabling and Disabling an ESRP Domain ............................................................................469
Advanced ESRP Features.........................................................................................................469
ESRP Tracking..................................................................................................................469
ESRP Port Restart.............................................................................................................473
ESRP Host Attach .............................................................................................................473
ESRP Port Weight and Don’t Count.....................................................................................474
ESRP Groups....................................................................................................................475
Displaying ESRP Information ...................................................................................................476
Using ELRP with ESRP............................................................................................................476
Using ELRP with ESRP to Recover Loops ............................................................................477
Configuring ELRP..............................................................................................................477
Displaying ELRP Information..............................................................................................478
ESRP Examples ......................................................................................................................479
Single Domain Using Layer 2 and Layer 3 Redundancy.........................................................479
Multiple Domains Using Layer 2 and Layer 3 Redundancy ....................................................482
ESRP Cautions .......................................................................................................................484
Configuring ESRP and IP Multinetting.................................................................................484
ESRP and STP..................................................................................................................484
ESRP and VRRP ...............................................................................................................484
ESRP Groups and Host Attach............................................................................................484
Port Configurations and ESRP ............................................................................................484
Chapter 22: Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol........................................................................... 485
Overview ................................................................................................................................485
Determining the VRRP Master ..................................................................................................485
VRRP Tracking..................................................................................................................486
Electing the Master Router.................................................................................................488
Additional VRRP Highlights......................................................................................................488
VRRP Operation ......................................................................................................................489
Simple VRRP Network Configuration ...................................................................................489
Fully Redundant VRRP Network..........................................................................................490
VRRP Configuration Parameters................................................................................................491
VRRP Examples ......................................................................................................................492
Configuring the Simple VRRP Network ................................................................................492
Configuring the Fully Redundant VRRP Network...................................................................493
VRRP Cautions .......................................................................................................................494
Assigning Multiple Virtual IP Addresses...............................................................................494
VRRP and ESRP ...............................................................................................................494
Chapter 23: IPv4 Unicast Routing................................................................................................. 495
Overview of IPv4 Unicast Routing .............................................................................................495
Router Interfaces ..............................................................................................................496
Populating the Routing Table .............................................................................................496
Proxy ARP ..............................................................................................................................499
ARP-Incapable Devices......................................................................................................499
Proxy ARP Between Subnets ..............................................................................................500
Configuring IPv4 Unicast Routing .............................................................................................500
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ExtremeWare XOS 11.3 Concepts Guide
Contents
Verifying the IPv4 Unicast Routing Configuration .......................................................................501
Routing Configuration Example.................................................................................................501
IPv4 Multinetting ....................................................................................................................503
Multinetting Topology ........................................................................................................503
How Multinetting Affects Other Features .............................................................................504
Configuring IPv4 Multinetting.............................................................................................508
IP Multinetting Examples...................................................................................................509
Configuring DHCP/BOOTP Relay...............................................................................................509
Configuring the DHCP Relay Agent Option (Option 82) .........................................................510
Verifying the DHCP/BOOTP Relay Configuration ...................................................................510
UDP Forwarding......................................................................................................................511
Configuring UDP Forwarding ..............................................................................................511
UDP Echo Server ..............................................................................................................513
Chapter 24: IPv6 Unicast Routing................................................................................................. 515
Overview of IPv6 Unicast Routing .............................................................................................515
Router Interfaces ..............................................................................................................516
Specifying IPv6 Addresses .................................................................................................516
Neighbor Discovery Protocol ...............................................................................................518
Populating the Routing Table .............................................................................................519
Configuring IP Unicast Routing ................................................................................................522
Verifying the IP Unicast Routing Configuration .....................................................................522
Routing Configuration Example.................................................................................................522
Tunnel Configuration Examples ................................................................................................524
6in4 Tunnel Configuration Example ....................................................................................525
6to4 Tunnel Configuration Example ....................................................................................527
Chapter 25: RIP........................................................................................................................... 531
Overview ................................................................................................................................531
RIP Versus OSPF ..............................................................................................................531
Advantages of RIP and OSPF..............................................................................................532
Overview of RIP ......................................................................................................................532
Routing Table ...................................................................................................................532
Split Horizon ....................................................................................................................533
Poison Reverse .................................................................................................................533
Triggered Updates .............................................................................................................533
Route Advertisement of VLANs ...........................................................................................533
RIP Version 1 Versus RIP Version 2 ....................................................................................533
Route Redistribution ...............................................................................................................533
Configuring Route Redistribution ........................................................................................534
RIP Configuration Example ......................................................................................................535
Chapter 26: RIPng ....................................................................................................................... 539
Overview ................................................................................................................................539
RIPng Versus OSPFv3........................................................................................................539
Advantages of RIPng and OSPFv3.......................................................................................540
Overview of RIPng ...................................................................................................................540
Routing Table ...................................................................................................................540
Split Horizon ....................................................................................................................541
ExtremeWare XOS 11.3 Concepts Guide
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Contents
Poison Reverse .................................................................................................................541
Triggered Updates .............................................................................................................541
Route Advertisement of VLANs ...........................................................................................541
Route Redistribution ...............................................................................................................541
Configuring Route Redistribution ........................................................................................541
RIPng Configuration Example ...................................................................................................542
Chapter 27: OSPF ........................................................................................................................ 543
Overview of OSPF....................................................................................................................543
Licensing .........................................................................................................................543
OSPF Edge Mode ..............................................................................................................544
Link State Database ..........................................................................................................544
Graceful OSPF Restart.......................................................................................................545
Areas ...............................................................................................................................546
Point-to-Point Support .......................................................................................................549
Route Redistribution ...............................................................................................................550
Configuring Route Redistribution ........................................................................................550
OSPF Timers and Authentication ........................................................................................551
Configuring OSPF....................................................................................................................551
Configuring OSPF Wait Interval...........................................................................................551
OSPF Wait Interval Parameters ...........................................................................................552
OSPF Configuration Example....................................................................................................553
Configuration for ABR1......................................................................................................554
Configuration for IR1.........................................................................................................554
Displaying OSPF Settings.........................................................................................................555
Chapter 28: OSPFv3 .................................................................................................................... 557
Overview of OSPFv3 ................................................................................................................557
Licensing .........................................................................................................................557
Link State Database ..........................................................................................................557
Areas ...............................................................................................................................558
Link-Type Support.............................................................................................................560
Route Redistribution ...............................................................................................................561
Configuring Route Redistribution ........................................................................................562
OSPFv3 Timers .................................................................................................................563
OSPFv3 Configuration Example ................................................................................................563
Configuration for Router 1..................................................................................................564
Configuration for Router 2..................................................................................................565
Configuration for Router 3..................................................................................................565
Chapter 29: Border Gateway Protocol ........................................................................................... 567
Licensing ...............................................................................................................................567
Overview ................................................................................................................................568
BGP Attributes........................................................................................................................568
BGP Communities...................................................................................................................568
BGP Features .........................................................................................................................569
Route Reflectors ...............................................................................................................569
Route Confederations ........................................................................................................571
Route Aggregation .............................................................................................................574
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ExtremeWare XOS 11.3 Concepts Guide
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Using the Loopback Interface.............................................................................................574
BGP Peer Groups ..............................................................................................................574
BGP Route Flap Dampening ...............................................................................................575
BGP Route Selection .........................................................................................................577
Stripping Out Private AS Numbers from Route Updates ........................................................577
Route Redistribution .........................................................................................................577
BGP Static Network...........................................................................................................578
Chapter 30: IP Multicast Routing.................................................................................................. 579
Overview ................................................................................................................................579
PIM Overview....................................................................................................................579
IGMP Overview .................................................................................................................581
Configuring IP Multicast Routing ..............................................................................................583
Configuration Examples ...........................................................................................................583
PIM-DM Configuration Example ..........................................................................................584
PIM-SM Configuration Example ..........................................................................................585
Chapter 31: IPv6 Multicast Routing ..............................................................................................587
Overview ................................................................................................................................587
MLD Overview...................................................................................................................587
Part 3: Appendixes
Appendix A: Software Upgrade and Boot Options ........................................................................... 591
Downloading a New Image .......................................................................................................591
Image Filename Prefixes ....................................................................................................591
Understanding the Image Version String..............................................................................592
Software Signatures...........................................................................................................592
Selecting a Primary or a Secondary Image ...........................................................................593
Installing a Core Image ......................................................................................................593
Installing a Modular Software Package ................................................................................594
Rebooting the Switch ........................................................................................................596
Rebooting the Management Module—Modular Switches Only ................................................597
Understanding Hitless Upgrade—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only...............................................597
Performing a Hitless Upgrade .............................................................................................598
Hitless Upgrade Examples..................................................................................................600
Saving Configuration Changes ..................................................................................................601
Viewing a Configuration .....................................................................................................602
Returning to Factory Defaults .............................................................................................602
Using TFTP to Upload the Configuration....................................................................................603
Using TFTP to Download the Configuration ................................................................................603
Synchronizing MSMs—Modular Switches Only ...........................................................................604
Additional Behavior on the BlackDiamond 8800 Family of Switches Only ...............................604
Automatic Synchronization of Configuration Files .................................................................605
Accessing the Bootloader .........................................................................................................605
Upgrading the BootROM—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only.........................................................606
Upgrading the BootROM—Summit X450 Switch Only.................................................................606
Accessing the Bootstrap CLI on the Summit X450................................................................607
Upgrading the Firmware—BlackDiamond 8800 Family of Switches Only ......................................607
ExtremeWare XOS 11.3 Concepts Guide
17
Contents
Appendix B: Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................... 609
Troubleshooting Checklists.......................................................................................................609
Layer 1 ............................................................................................................................609
Layer 2 ............................................................................................................................610
Layer 3 ............................................................................................................................610
LEDs......................................................................................................................................612
Using the Command Line Interface...........................................................................................614
General Tips and Recommendations ...................................................................................614
MSM Prompt—Modular Switches Only ................................................................................616
Command Prompt .............................................................................................................616
Port Configuration .............................................................................................................617
VLANs..............................................................................................................................618
STP .................................................................................................................................618
ESRP...............................................................................................................................619
VRRP...............................................................................................................................620
Using Standalone ELRP to Perform Loop Tests ..........................................................................620
About Standalone ELRP.....................................................................................................621
Configuring Standalone ELRP.............................................................................................621
Displaying Standalone ELRP Information.............................................................................622
Using the Rescue Software Image—Modular Switches Only.........................................................623
Obtaining the Rescue Image from a TFTP Server ..................................................................623
Obtaining the Rescue Image from an External Compact Flash Memory Card—
BlackDiamond 8800 Family of Switches Only ......................................................................624
Debug Mode ...........................................................................................................................626
Saving Debug Information to the Memory Card...........................................................................626
Enabling the Switch to Send Debug Information...................................................................627
Copying Debug Information ................................................................................................627
Managing Files on the External Memory Card—Modular Switches Only...................................627
TOP Command........................................................................................................................629
TFTP Server Requirements.......................................................................................................629
System Health Check—Modular Switches Only ..........................................................................629
Overview of the System Health Checker...............................................................................629
Enabling and Disabling Backplane Diagnostic Packets on the Switch .....................................630
Configuring Backplane Diagnostic Packets on the Switch ......................................................631
System Odometer....................................................................................................................631
Monitored Components ......................................................................................................631
Recorded Statistics ...........................................................................................................631
Temperature Operating Range ..................................................................................................632
Corrupted BootROM on the BlackDiamond 8800 Family of Switches............................................633
Inserting Powered Devices in the PoE Module—BlackDiamond 8800 Family of Switches Only........633
Untagged Frames on the 10 Gbps Module—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only................................633
Running MSM Diagnostics from the Bootloader—BlackDiamond 10K Switch Only ........................633
Contacting Extreme Networks Technical Support........................................................................634
Appendix C: CNA Agent................................................................................................................ 635
Overview ................................................................................................................................635
Redundancy—BlackDiamond 10K Switch and BlackDiamond 8800 Family of Switches Only...636
Downloading the CNA Agent Software Module............................................................................636
Running the Tests ...................................................................................................................636
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ExtremeWare XOS 11.3 Concepts Guide
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Configuring the CNA Agent ......................................................................................................637
Enabling the CNA Agent ....................................................................................................637
Connecting to the CNA Server ............................................................................................637
Configuring the Interface ...................................................................................................638
Clearing the Counters ........................................................................................................638
Displaying CNA Agent Information ......................................................................................638
Troubleshooting ................................................................................................................639
Appendix D: Supported Protocols, MIBs, and Standards................................................................. 641
Glossary ..................................................................................................................................... 645
Index of Commands ..................................................................................................................... 671
Index .......................................................................................................................................... 677
ExtremeWare XOS 11.3 Concepts Guide
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Contents
20
ExtremeWare XOS 11.3 Concepts Guide
Preface
This preface provides an overview of this guide, describes guide conventions, and lists other
publications that might be useful.
Introduction
This guide provides the required information to configure ExtremeWare® XOS™ software version 11.3
running on switches from Extreme Networks
®
.
The guide is intended for use by network administrators who are responsible for installing and setting
up network equipment. It assumes a basic working knowledge of:
● Local area networks (LANs)
● Ethernet concepts
● Ethernet switching and bridging concepts
● Routing concepts
● Internet Protocol (IP) concepts
● Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
● Border Gateway Protocol (BGP-4) concepts
● IP Multicast concepts
● Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) concepts
● Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
NOTE
If the information in the release notes shipped with your switch differs from the information in this guide, follow the
release notes.
Terminology
When features, functionality, or operation is specific to a switch family, the family name is used.
Explanations about features and operations that are the same across all product families simply refer to
the product as the “switch.”
ExtremeWare XOS 11.3 Concepts Guide
21
Preface
Conventions
This section discusses conventions used in the documentation. The following topics are discussed:
● Platform-Dependent Conventions on page 22
● Text Conventions on page 22
Platform-Dependent Conventions
Unless otherwise noted, all information applies to all platforms supported by ExtremeWare XOS
software, which are the following:
● BlackDiamond
● BlackDiamond 8810 switch (formerly known as Aspen)
● Summit
● BlackDiamond 8806 switch
®
®
10800 family of switches
X450 switch
When a feature or feature implementation applies to specific platforms, the specific platform is noted in
the heading for the section describing that implementation.
Finally, minor differences in platform implementations are called in a note, as shown below:
NOTE
This is a note.
Text Conventions
Tab le 1 and Tab le 2 list conventions that are used throughout this guide.
Table 1: Notice icons
Icon Notice Type Alerts you to...
Note Important features or instructions.
Caution Risk of personal injury, system damage, or loss of data.
Warning Risk of severe personal injury.
22
ExtremeWare XOS 11.3 Concepts Guide
Related Publications
Table 2: Text conventions
Convention Description
Screen displays This typeface indicates command syntax, or represents information as it appears on
the screen.
The words “enter”
and “type”
[Key] names Key names are written with brackets, such as [Return] or [Esc].
Words in italicized type Italics emphasize a point or denote new terms at the place where they are defined in
When you see the word “enter” in this guide, you must type something, and then
press the Return or Enter key. Do not press the Return or Enter key when an
instruction simply says “type.”
If you must press two or more keys simultaneously, the key names are linked with a
plus sign (+). Example:
Press [Ctrl]+[Alt]+[Del].
the text. (Italics are also used when referring to publication titles.)
Related Publications
The publications related to this one are:
● ExtremeWare XOS release notes
● ExtremeWare XOS Command Reference Guide
● Extreme Networks Consolidated XOS Hardware Installation Guide
Documentation for Extreme Networks products is available on the World Wide Web at the following
location:
http://www.extremenetworks.com/
Using ExtremeWare XOS Publications Online
You can access ExtremeWare XOS publications by downloading them from the Extreme Networks
World Wide Web location or from your ExtremeWare product CD. Publications are provided in Adobe
Portable Document Format (PDF). Displaying or printing PDF files requires that your computer be
equipped with Adobe Reader
Incorporated.
The user guide PDF file provides links that connect you directly to relevant command information in
the command reference guide PDF file. This quick-referencing capability enables you to easily find
detailed information in the command reference guide for any command mentioned in the user guide.
To ensure that the quick-referencing feature functions properly, follow these steps:
1 Download both the user guide PDF file and the command reference guide PDF file to the same
destination directory on your computer.
2 You may open one or both PDF files and to enable cross-referenced linking between the user guide
and command reference guide; however, it is recommended that for ease of use, you keep both files
open concurrently on your computer desktop.
®
software, which is available free of charge from Adobe Systems
®
ExtremeWare XOS 11.3 Concepts Guide
23
Preface
NOTE
If you activate a cross-referencing link from the concepts guide PDF file to the command reference PDF file when
the command reference PDF file is closed (that is, not currently open on your computer desktop), the system will
close the user guide PDF file and open the command reference PDF file. To keep both PDF files open when you
activate a cross-reference link, open both PDF files before using the link.
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ExtremeWare XOS 11.3 Concepts Guide
1 Using ExtremeWare XOS
1 ExtremeWare XOS Overview
This chapter covers the following topics:
● Platforms and Required Software Versions on page 27
● Summary of Features on page 27
● Software Licensing on page 33
● Software Factory Defaults on page 36
This chapter provides an overview of the ExtremeWare XOS version 11.3 software.
Platforms and Required Software Versions
ExtremeWare XOS is the full-featured software operating system that is designed to run on the Extreme
Networks devices.
ExtremeWare XOS supports the following platforms:
● BlackDiamond 10800 family of switches—ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 and higher
● BlackDiamond 8810 switch (formerly known as Aspen)—ExtremeWare XOS 11.1 and higher
● Summit X450 switch—ExtremeWare XOS 11.2 and higher
● BlackDiamond 8806 switch—ExtremeWare XOS 11.3.1. and higher
NOTE
See “Platform-Dependent Conventions” in the Preface for information on how to determine platform-specific
implementations or features.
Summary of Features
The features of ExtremeWare XOS include:
● Virtual local area networks (VLANs) including support for IEEE 802.1Q and IEEE 802.1p
● Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) (IEEE 802.1D) with multiple STP domains
● Policy-Based Quality of Service (PB-QoS)
● Wire-speed Internet Protocol (IP) routing
● IP multinetting
● DHCP/BOOTP Relay
● Extreme Standby Router Protocol (ESRP)
● Ethernet Automatic Protection Switching (EAPS)
● Extreme Loop Recovery Protocol (ELRP)
● Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
ExtremeWare XOS 11.3 Concepts Guide
27
ExtremeWare XOS Overview
● Routing Information Protocol (RIP) version 1 and RIP version 2
● RIPng
● Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Version 2 Routing Protocol
● Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Version 3 Routing Protocol
● Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) version 4
● DiffServ support
● Access-policy support for routing protocols
● Access list support for packet filtering
● IGMP snooping to control IP multicast traffic
● Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode (PIM-DM)
● Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM)
● Load sharing on multiple ports, across all blades
● RADIUS client and per command authentication support
● TACACS+ support
● Console command line interface (CLI) connection
● Telnet CLI connection
● Secure Shell (SSH2) connection
● Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) support
● Remote Monitoring (RMON)
● Traffic mirroring
● Network Login support
● CLEAR-Flow
● Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)
● IPv6
● Link Access Control Protocol (LACP
● NetLogin
NOTE
For more information on Extreme Networks switch components, see the Extreme Networks Consolidated XOS
Hardware Installation Guide.
Feature Highlights of ExtremeWare XOS 11.3
Virtual Routers
NOTE
Although the BlackDiamond 8800 family of switches and the Summit X450 switch support the three system virtual
routers (VR-Default, VR-Mgmt, VR-Control), the BlackDiamond 10K switch additionally supports user-created virtual
routers.
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ExtremeWare XOS 11.3 Concepts Guide
Summary of Features
ExtremeWare XOS supports virtual routers. This capability allows a single physical switch to be split
into multiple virtual routers. This feature separates the traffic forwarded by a virtual router from the
traffic on a different virtual router. Each virtual router maintains a separate logical forwarding table,
which allows the virtual routers to have overlapping address spaces. Because each virtual router
maintains its own separate routing information, packets arriving at a port on one virtual router can
never be switched to the ports on another. In this release of ExtremeWare XOS, the management port
belongs to one virtual router and all other ports belong to other virtual routers. With software release
11.2, ports can belong to multiple virtual routers.
With multiple virtual routers contained on a single physical switch, some commands in
ExtremeWare XOS now require you to specify to which virtual router the command applies. For
example, when you use the
ping command, you must specify from which virtual router the ping
packets are generated. Many commands that deal with switch management use the management virtual
router by default. See the ExtremeWare XOS Command Reference Guide for information on the defaults for
individual commands.
NOTE
The term “virtual router” is also used with VRRP. VRRP uses the term to refer to a single virtual router that spans
more than one physical router and allows multiple switches to provide redundant routing services to users. For more
information about VRRP, see Chapter 22.
For more information on virtual routers, see Chapter 10.
Software Modules
With software version 11.0, ExtremeWare XOS introduces the ability for the user to download a discrete
software module (or feature pack) that contains complete functionality for a specified feature. The user
no longer must download the entire image in order to obtain these specific modules. Secure Shell (SSH)
is the software module available with version 11.0, and the Converged Network Analysis (CNA) test
plug is available with 11.2. (Refer to Appendix C for information on the CNA test plug software, which
you use only if you are running an Avaya
®
voice over IP (VoIP) solution.)
SSH
To access the switch using the Secure Shell (SSH), you must download, install, and enable the SSH
software module. Once installed, you use the SSH to access the switch. You obtain the SSH software
module through your Extreme Networks support account on the website, once you provide the
required information.
With ExtremeWare XOS version 11.2, Secure Socket Layer (SSL) software is bundled with the SSH
software module.
For more information on SSH and SSL, see Chapter 16.
EAPS
With software version 11.0, the switch supports Ethernet Automatic Protection Switching (EAPS). This
Extreme Networks proprietary protocol provides fast protection switching to Layer 2 devices connected
in a ring topology, such as large campuses. EAPS provides protection to switching similar to STP, but
ExtremeWare XOS 11.3 Concepts Guide
29
ExtremeWare XOS Overview
the convergence is much faster using EAPS. This fast convergence occurs regardless of the number of
switches in the ring.
ExtremeWare XOS software version 11.1 introduces support for multiple EAPS rings. To use this feature,
you must have Core license. (Refer to “Software Licensing” for more information on the Core license.)
For more information on EAPS, see Chapter 19.
Quality of Service
ExtremeWare XOS has Policy-Based Quality of Service (QoS) features that enable you to specify service
levels for different traffic groups. By default, all traffic is assigned the low QoS policy profile. If needed,
you can customize other QoS policies and apply these policies to different traffic types so that the traffic
types have different guaranteed priority.
With software version 11.0 on the BlackDiamond 10K switch, you can set parameters for ingress traffic,
called bi-directional rate shaping; the BlackDiamond 8800 family of switches and the Summit X450
switch do not support bi-directional rate-shaping.
For more information on Quality of Service, see Chapter 15.
sFlow
sFlow® is a technology for monitoring traffic in data networks containing switches and routers. The
technology relies on statistical sampling of packets from high-speed networks, plus periodic gathering
of the statistics. A UDP datagram format is defined to send the information to an external entity for
analysis. sFlow consists of a Management Information Base (MIB) and a specification of the packet
format for forwarding information to a remote agent. Details of sFlow specifications can be found in
RFC 3176, and specifications and more information can be found at the following website:
http://www.sflow.org
The ExtremeWare XOS implementation is based on sFlow version 5, an improvement from that
specified in RFC3176.
For information on sFlow, see Chapter 8.
ESRP
With software version 11.0, you can use the Extreme Standby Routing Protocol (ESRP). ESRP is an
Extreme Networks proprietary protocol that allows multiple switches to provide redundant routing
services to users. ESRP also provides Layer 2 redundancy; the Layer 3 and Layer 2 redundancy can be
used separately or together.
Using ESRP allows you to simplify your network, and it works very well in meshed networks where
Layer 2 loop protection and Layer 3 redundancy are both required.
For more information on ESRP, see Chapter 21.
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ExtremeWare XOS 11.3 Concepts Guide
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