SECTION 92.61 2013-09
Installation and Operating
Instructions
For
ABSOLYTE
UL Recognized Component
®
GP Batteries
INDEX
Page
SECTION 1
1.0 General Information ............................................................................................................. 1
SECTION 2
2.0 Safety Precautions ............................................................................................................... 1
2.1 Sulfuric Acid Electrolyte Burns ............................................................................................. 1
2.2 Explosive Gases .................................................................................................................. 1
2.3 Electrical Shock and Burns .................................................................................................. 1
2.3.1 Static Discharge Precautions for Batteries .......................................................................... 1
2.4 Safety Alert .......................................................................................................................... 2
2.5 Important Message .............................................................................................................. 2
SECTION 3
3.0 Receipt of Shipment ............................................................................................................. 2
3.1 Concealed Damage ............................................................................................................. 2
SECTION 4
4.0 Storage Prior to Installation .................................................................................................. 2
4.1 Storage Location .................................................................................................................. 2
4.2 Storage Interval .................................................................................................................... 2
SECTION 5
5.0 Installation Considerations ................................................................................................... 2
5.1 Space Considerations .......................................................................................................... 2
5.2 Battery Location and Ambient Temperature Requirements ................................................. 2
5.3 Temperature Variations ....................................................................................................... 4
5.4 Ventilation ............................................................................................................................ 4
5.5 Floor Loading ....................................................................................................................... 4
5.6 Floor Anchoring .................................................................................................................... 4
5.7 Connecting Cables: Battery System to Operating Equipment ............................................. 4
5.7.1 Paralleling ............................................................................................................................ 4
5.8 Stacking Limitations ............................................................................................................. 4
5.9 Terminal Plates .................................................................................................................... 4
5.10 Grounding ............................................................................................................................ 4
SECTION 6
6.0 Unpacking and Handling ...................................................................................................... 5
6.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 5
6.2 Accessories .......................................................................................................................... 5
6.3 Recommended Installation Equipment and Supplies .......................................................... 5
6.4 Unpacking ............................................................................................................................ 5
6.5 Handling ............................................................................................................................... 5
SECTION 7
7.0 System Arrangements ......................................................................................................... 6
7.1 Module Arrangements .......................................................................................................... 6
7.2 Dummy Cells within a Module .............................................................................................. 7
SECTION 8
8.0 System Assembly ................................................................................................................ 7
8.1 Horizontal - Single Stack ...................................................................................................... 7
8.1.1 Bottom I-Beam Supports ...................................................................................................... 7
8.1.2 Handling ............................................................................................................................... 8
8.1.3 Horizontal Stacking .............................................................................................................. 8
8.2 Horizontal-Multiple Stacking ................................................................................................ 10
8.2.1 Stack Tie Plates ................................................................................................................... 11
SECTION 9
9.0 Connections ......................................................................................................................... 12
9.1 Post Preparation .................................................................................................................. 12
9.2 Connections - System Terminals ......................................................................................... 12
9.3 Connections - INTER-Module .............................................................................................. 12
9.4 Connections - INTER-Stack ................................................................................................. 12
9.5 Connections - Torquing ........................................................................................................ 12
9.6 Connections - Check ............................................................................................................ 12
9.7 Connection Resistance ........................................................................................................ 12
9.8 Cell Numerals ...................................................................................................................... 12
9.9 Warning Label ...................................................................................................................... 12
9.10 Battery Nameplate ............................................................................................................... 12
SECTION 10
10.0 Protective Module Covers .................................................................................................... 17
10.1 Module Cover Installation .................................................................................................... 17
SECTION 11
11.0 Initial Charge ........................................................................................................................ 17
11.1 Constant Voltage Method .................................................................................................... 17
SECTION 12
12.0 Operation ............................................................................................................................. 18
12.0.1 Cycle Method of Operation .................................................................................................. 18
12.1 Floating Charge Method ...................................................................................................... 18
12.2 Float Charge - Float Voltages .............................................................................................. 18
12.3 Voltmeter Calibration ........................................................................................................... 18
12.4 Recharge ............................................................................................................................. 18
12.5 Determining State-of-Charge ............................................................................................... 18
12.6 Effects of Float Voltage ........................................................................................................ 19
12.7 Float Current and Thermal Management ............................................................................. 19
12.8 AC Ripple ............................................................................................................................. 19
12.9 Ohmic Measurements .......................................................................................................... 19
SECTION 13
13.0 Equalizing Charge ................................................................................................................ 19
13.1 Equalizing Frequency .......................................................................................................... 19
13.2 Equalizing Charge Method ................................................................................................... 20
SECTION 14
14.0 Pilot Cell ............................................................................................................................... 20
SECTION 15
15.0 Records ................................................................................................................................ 20
SECTION 16
16.0 Tap Connections .................................................................................................................. 21
SECTION 17
17.0 Temporary Non-Use ............................................................................................................ 21
SECTION 18
18.0 Unit Cleaning ....................................................................................................................... 21
SECTION 19
19.0 Connections ......................................................................................................................... 21
SECTION 20
20.0 Capacity Testing .................................................................................................................. 21
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Page
3 Fig. 1A-B Typical Systems - Top View
5 Fig. 2 Packed Modules
5 Fig. 3 Unpacking Modules
6 Fig. 4 Handling - Lifting Strap Placement
6 Fig. 6A-B-C Typical Horizontal Stack Arrangements - Front Views
7 Fig. 7 Typical Horizontal Stack Arrangements - Back to Back and End to End
7 Fig. 8 Hardware Installation for 2.67” Wide I-Beam Support
7 Fig. 9 Hardware Installation for 4.5” Wide I-Beam Support
7 Fig. 10 Completed I-Beam Support to Module Installation
8 Fig. 11 Handling Module - Base Support Assembly
8 Fig. 12A Tip-Over Procedure - Shackle-Strap Usage
9 Fig. 12B Tip-Over Procedure
9 Fig. 13 Module with Base Assembly After Tip-Over
9 Fig. 14 Horizontal Stacking - Shackle-Strap Usage
10 Fig. 15 Handling and Stacking Horizontal Modules
10 Fig. 16 Hardware Installation Sequence
10 Fig. 17A Installing Hardware
10 Fig. 17B Completed Horizontal Stack
10 Fig. 18 Positioning Horizontal Base Modlule
11 Fig. 19A Horizontal Stacks - Back to Back Positioning
11 Fig. 19B Completed Horizontal Stacks - Side by Side
11 Fig. 20A-B Tie Plate Assemblies - Horizontal Stacks
13 Fig. 21 Various Inter Stack and Intra Stack Connections - Horizontal Arrangements
14 Fig. 22 Terminal Plate Kit - 6 Cell Modules
15 Fig. 23 Terminal Plate Kit - 3 Cell Modules
16 Fig. 24 Installation Guide for Absolyte GP Transparent Cover
22 Fig. 25 Absolyte Battery Maintenance Report
APPENDICES
24 A Temperature Corrected Float Voltages
25 B Maximum Storage Interval Between Freshening Charges Versus
Average Storage Temperature
26 C Bonding and Grounding of Battery Rack
27 D Absolyte GP Maximum Module Stack Heights
SECTION 1
1.0 General Information
The Absolyte GP battery is of the valve-regulated lead-acid
(VRLA) design and so can operate with lower maintenance (e.g.
no maintenance water additions) in comparison to conventional
flooded lead-acid batteries. The Absolyte GP VRLA design
is also inherently safer than conventional flooded lead-acid
batteries. Under normal operating conditions and use, the
Absolyte GP battery minimizes hydrogen gas release, and
virtually eliminates acid misting and acid leakage. However, there
is the possibility that under abnormal operating conditions (e.g.
over-charge), or as a result of damage, misuse and/or abuse,
potentially hazardous conditions (hydrogen gassing, acid misting
and leakage) may occur. Thus, GNB recommends that Section
2.0 of these instructions entitled “SAFETY PRECAUTIONS” be
reviewed thoroughly prior to commissioning, and strictly followed
when working with Absolyte GP batteries.
!
Before proceeding with the unpacking, handling, installation and operation of this VRLA storage battery,
the following general information
should be reviewed together with the
recommended safety precautions.
CAUTION!
signicantly reduce hydrogen formation. Tests have shown
that 99% or more of generated gases are recombined within
the cell under normal operating conditions. Under abnormal
operating conditions (e.g. charger malfunction), the safety
valve may open and release these gases through the vent.
The gases can explode and cause blindness and other
serious injury.
Keep sparks, ames, and smoking materials away from the
battery area and the explosive gases.
All installation tools should be adequately insulated to
minimize the possibility of shorting across connections.
DANGER
ELECTRICAL SHOCK
AND BURNS
Never lay tools or other metallic objects on modules as
shorting, explosions and personal injury may result.
2.3 Electrical Shock and Burns
Multi-cell systems attain high voltages, therefore, extreme
caution must be exercised during installation of a battery system to prevent serious electrical burns or shock.
Interrupt the AC and DC circuits before working on batteries
or charging equipment.
SECTION 2
2.0 Safety Precautions
2.1 Sulfuric Acid Electrolyte Burns
DANGER SULFURIC
ACID ELECTROLYTE
BURNS
“Warning: Risk of re, explosion or burns. Do not disassemble, heat above 50°C or incinerate.” Batteries contain
dilute (1.310 nominal specic gravity) sulfuric acid electrolyte
which can cause burns and other serious injury. In the event
of contact with electrolyte, ush immediately and thoroughly
with water. Secure medical attention immediately.
When working with batteries, wear rubber apron and rubber
gloves. Wear safety goggles or other eye protection. These
will help prevent injury if contact is made with the acid.
DANGER
EXPLOSIVE GASES
2.2 Explosive Gases
Assure that personnel understand the risk of working with
batteries, and are prepared and equipped to take the necessary safety precautions. These installation and operating
instructions should be understood and followed. Assure that
you have the necessary equipment for the work, including
insulated tools, rubber gloves, rubber aprons, safety goggles
and face protection.
!
If the foregoing precautions are not fully
understood, clarication should be obtained
from your nearest GNB representative.
Local conditions may introduce situations
not covered by GNB Safety Precautions. If
so, contact the nearest GNB representative
for guidance with your particular safety problem; also refer to applicable federal, state
and local regulations as well as industry
standards.
CAUTION!
2.3.1 Static Discharge Precautions for Batteries
When maintaining the batteries, care must be taken to prevent
build-up of static charge. This danger is particularly signicant
when the worker is electrically isolated, i.e. working on a rub-
ber mat or an epoxy painted oor or wearing rubber shoes.
Hydrogen gas formation is an inherent feature of all lead
acid batteries. Absolyte GP VRLA batteries, however,
Prior to making contact with the cell, discharge static electricity by touching a grounded surface.
- 1 -
Wearing a ground strap while working on a connected battery
string is not recommended.
2.4 Safety Alert
The safety alert symbol on the left appears
throughout this manual. Where the symbol
appears, obey the safety message to avoid
!
personal injury.
2.5 Important Message
The symbol on the left indicates an impor-
tant message. If not followed, damage to
and/or impaired performance of the battery
may result.
SECTION 3
Charge) at 6 month intervals thereafter. Storage at elevated
temperatures will result in accelerated rates of self discharge.
For every 18°F (10°C) temperature increase above 77°F
(25°C), the time interval for
the initial freshening charge and subsequent freshening
charges should be halved. Thus, if a battery is stored at
95°F (35°C), the maximum storage interval between charges
would be 3 months (reference Appendix B). Storage beyond
these periods without proper charge can result in excessive
sulphation of plates and positive grid corrosion which is
detrimental to battery performance and life. Failure to charge
accordingly may void the battery’s warranty. Initial and
freshening charge data should be saved and included with the
battery historical records; (see Section 15 - Records).
SECTION 5
5.0 Installation Considerations
3.0 Receipt of Shipment
Immediately upon delivery, examine for possible damage
caused in transit. Damaged packing material or staining from
leaking electrolyte could indicate rough handling. Make a
descriptive notation on the delivery receipt before signing.
Look for evidence of top loading or dents in the steel modules. If cell or unit damage is found, request an inspection by
the carrier and le a damage claim.
3.1 Concealed Damage
Within 10 days of receipt, examine all cells for concealed
damage. If damage is noted, immediately request an inspec-
tion by the carrier and le a concealed damage claim. Pay
particular attention to packing material exhibiting damage or
electrolyte staining. Delay in notifying carrier may result in
loss of right to reimbursement for damages.
SECTION 4
4.0 Storage Prior to Installation
4.1 Storage Location
If the battery is not to be installed at the time of receipt, it is
recommended that it be stored indoors in a cool [77°F (25°C)
or less], clean, dry location. Do not stack pallets or cell terminal damage may occur.
4.2 Storage Interval
The storage interval from the date of battery shipment to the
date of installation and initial charge should not exceed six
(6) months. If extended storage is necessary, the battery
should be charged at regular intervals until installation can
be completed and oat charging can be initiated. When in
extended storage, it is advised to mark the battery pallets
with the date of shipment and the date of every charge. If
the battery is stored at 77°F (25°C) or below, the battery
should be given a freshening charge (perform per Section 11
Initial Charge) within 6 months of the date of shipment and
receive a freshening charge (perform per Section 11 Initial
!
Prior to starting installation of the Absolyte Battery System, a
review of this section is strongly recommended.
Any modications, alterations or additions to
an Absolyte system, without the expressed
written consent of GNB Engineering, may void
any warranties and/or seismic qualications.
Contact your GNB representative for additional
information.
5.1 Space Considerations
It is important to know certain restrictions for the area where
the battery is to be located. First, a designated aisle space
should be provided to permit initial installation as well as for
service or surveillance. After installation, any additional equipment installed after the battery should not compromise access
to the battery system.
A minimum aisle space of 36 inches from modules / 33 inches
from covers should be available adjacent to the battery system. See Figure 1 for typical space allocations required.
Following the spacing requirements will aid in maintenance
of the battery and help maintain air ow to battery surfaces to
enhance heat dissipation.
NOTE: When planning system space requirements, allow at
least 6 inches past system total length wherever a terminal
plate assembly is to be located. (See Figure 1A)
Figure 1 A-B are typical. For total length, width and height
dimensions of connected systems, consult layout/wiring diagram for the particular system.
5.2 Battery Location & Ambient
Temperature Requirements
It is recommended that the battery unit be installed in a clean,
cool, dry location. Floors should be level. Absolyte batteries
can be installed in proximity to electronic equipment.
A location having an ambient temperature of 75°F (24°C)
to 77°F (25°C) will result in optimum battery life and performance. Temperatures below 77°F (25°C) reduce battery
charge efciency and discharge performance. Temperatures
above 77°F (25°C) will result in a reduction in battery life (see
table below.)
- 2 -
FIGURE 1A - HORIZONTAL END TO END
FIGURE 1B - HORIZONTAL BACK TO BACK
FIGURE 1 - TYPICAL SYSTEMS (TOP VIEW)
- 3 -
Annual Average Maximum Percent
Battery Battery Reduction
Temperature Temperature In Battery Life
77°F (25°C) 122°F (50°C) 0%
86°F (30°C) 122°F (50°C) 30%
95°F (35°C) 122°F (50°C) 50%
104°F (40°C) 122°F (50°C) 66%
113°F (45°C) 122°F (50°C) 75%
122°F (50°C) 122°F (50°C) 83%
For example: If a battery has a design life of 20 years at 77°F
(25°C), but the actual annual average battery temperature is
95°F (35°C), the projected service life of the battery is calculated to be only 10 years.
Temperature records shall be maintained by the user in accordance with the maintanence schedule published in this manual.
The battery temperature shall not be allowed to exceed the
maximum temperature shown above. It is important to maintain
the battery temperature as close to 77°F (25°C) as possible to
achieve the optimum service life from your battery.
5.3 Temperature Variations
Sources of heat or cooling directed on portions of the battery
can cause temperature variations within the strings, resulting
in cell voltage differences and eventual compromise of battery
performance.
Heat sources such as heaters, sunlight or associated equipment
can cause such temperature variations. Similarly, air conditioning or outside air vents may cause cell string temperature variations. Every effort should be made to keep temperature variations within 5°F (3°C).
5.4 Ventilation
The Absolyte battery is a Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA)
low maintenance design. Tests have confirmed that under
recommended operating conditions in stationary applications,
99% or more of gases generated are recombined within the
cell. In most cases, no special ventilation and or battery room
is required. Consult your local building and fire codes for
requirements that may apply to your specic location.
!
Four 9/16” (14.3 mm) holes are provided in each I-Beam
support for anchoring. To maintain seismic certication, use
four anchor bolts per horizontal support. Anchor design is the
responsibility of the purchaser/installer.
5.7 Connecting Cables: Battery
System to Operating Equipment
The Absolyte cell is a UL recognized component. Battery
performance is based on the output at the battery terminals.
Therefore, the shortest electrical connections between the
battery system and the operating equipment results in maximum total system performance.
DO NOT SELECT CABLE SIZE BASED ON CURRENT
CARRYING CAPACITY ONLY. Cable size selection should
provide no greater voltage drop between the battery system
and operating equipment than necessary. Excess voltage drop
will reduce the desired support time of the battery system.
5.7.1 Paralleling
Where it is necessary to connect battery strings in parallel in
order to obtain sufcient load backup time, it is important to
minimize the difference in voltage drop between the battery
strings in parallel in order to promote equal load sharing upon
discharge. Therefore, equal resistance of cable connections
for each parallel string is important. When paralleling multiple
strings to a load or common bus, please follow these guidelines:
• Each parallel string must have the same number of cells
(same string voltage).
• The cables connecting the positive and negative terminals of
each string to the load (or bus) should be of the SAME SIZE
(i.e. same capacity/cross-sectional area).
• The cables connecting the positive and negative terminals
of each string to the load (or bus) should be of the SAME
LENGTH. Choose the shortest cable length that will connect
the battery string that is furthest from the load, and cut all
cables used to connect each string to the load to this same
length.
Hydrogen and oxygen gases can be vented to the atmosphere
under certain conditions. Therefore, the battery should never be
installed in an air-tight enclosure. Sufcient precautions must be
taken to prevent excessive overcharge.
5.5 Floor Loading
The floor of the area where the battery system is to be
installed should have the capability of supporting the weight
of the battery as well as any auxiliary equipment. The total
battery weight will depend on the cell size, number of cells,
as well as module conguration involved. Prior to installation, a determination should be made that the oor integrity is
adequate to accommodate the battery system.
!
5.6 Floor Anchoring
Where seismic conditions are anticipated, floor anchoring
must be implemented.
Where non-seismic conditions are anticipated, anchoring of horizontally stacked systems is recommended for maximum stability.
5.8 Stacking Limitations
There are recommended limits on stacked battery congurations. Please refer to Appendix D for additional information.
NOTE: Horizontal module arrangement only.
5.9 Terminal Plates
Each system is supplied with a terminal plate assembly for
the positive and negative terminations. These should always
be used to provide proper connection to the operating equipment and cell terminals. Any attempt to connect load cables
directly to cell terminal may compromise battery system performance as well as the integrity of cell post seals.
5.10 Grounding
It is recommended that the modules or racks be grounded in
accordance with NEC and/or local codes. See Appendix C for
recommended procedure.
- 4 -
SECTION 6
6.3 Recommended Installation
Equipment and Supplies
6.0 Unpacking and Handling
PACKED MODULES
Figure 2
6.1 General
Do not remove shipping materials if a storage period is
planned, unless charging is required per Section 4.2.
• Fork lift or portable boom crane
• Chalk line
• Line Cord
• Torpedo level (Plastic)
• Plywood straight edge 1/2” x 4” x 48”
• Torque wrenches
• Ratchet wrench with 10, 13, 17, 19 mm sockets and 2
and 15 mm deep sockets
• Box wrenches of 10, 13, 15, 17 and 19 mm sizes
• Vinyl electrical tape
• Paper wipers
• 3M Scotch Brite® scour-pads™†
• Hammer drill (oor anchoring)
† Trademark of 3M
6.4 Unpacking
Carefully remove bolts and protective shipping hood. See
Figure 3. Remove the bolts holding modules to shipping pallet. Also remove hardware bolting upper channels of modules
together. Do not remove modules at this time. Base supports
for horizontally stacked modules are more easily attached
before removing modules from pallet (see Section 8.0 System
Assembly and Section 9.0 Connections).
The battery modules are generally packed in groups. Lag
bolts retain the modules to the shipping pallet together with
a protective hood bolted in place. Modules are also bolted
together at the top adjacent channels. See Figure 2.
6.2 Accessories
Accessories are packed separately and will include the
following: (Note: Some items may not be provided depending
on battery conguration).
• Layout/wiring diagram
• Installation and operating instructions
• Lifting straps and lifting shackles
• Protective covers and hardware
• Terminal plate assembly kits and covers
• Module tie plates (where required) (i.e. side-by-side
stacks)
• Vertical or horizontal supports (i.e. I-beams)
• Lead-Tin Plated copper intercell connectors
• Assembly hardware
• NO-OX-ID® “A”* grease
• Battery warning label
• Battery nameplate
• Cell numerals with polarity indicators
• Shims (leveling)
• Drift pins
• Seismic Shims (where required). Included with systems
containing stacks of 7 or more modules in height.
Note: Placement of modules on shipping pallet has no rela-
tionship to nal installation.
UNPACKING MODULES
Figure 3
6.5 Handling
The design of the modular tray permits handling by a fork lift,
portable crane or by a hoist sling (see Figure 4). Whichever
method is used, make sure equipment can safely handle the
module weight.
!
*Registered Trademark of Sanchem Inc.
NOTE: Check battery components against supplied drawings
to assure completeness. Do not proceed with installation until
all accessory parts are available.
Always use the two lifting straps and four lifting shackles for
lifting and placement of modules.
- 5 -
CAUTION!
If a fork lift or portable crane is used
to handle modules in a horizontal
position, a piece of insulating material such as heavy cardboard, rubber
insulating mats or plywood should be
used between handling equipment and
module tops to prevent shorting of
module top connections with metal
parts of lift equipment.
Figure 6A
NOTE:
1) Straps must be criss-crossed.
2) Lifting shackle orientation and proper channel hole use
must be observed.
3) See Figure 14 for handling modules in horizontal orientation.
4) Never lift more than two joined modules with straps and hooks.
HANDLING - LIFTING STRAP PLACEMENT
Figure 4
SECTION 7
7.0 System Arrangements
7.1 Module Arrangements
Absolyte batteries are recommended for installation in a
horizontal orientation only. However, vertical installation is
approved for 50G systems consisting of single cell modules.
Figures 6 and 7 are typical arrangements and are not intend-
ed to represent all conguration possibilities.
Module stack height limitation depends on cell size and
the seismic requirements of the application. Please refer to
Appendix D for additional information.
Figure 6B
HORIZONTAL SINGLE STACK BACK TO BACK
- 6 -
Figure 6C
NOTE: The use of leveling shims is required when assembling
any Absolyte system in order to meet seismic requirements.
Failure to use the shims to level each module and to ll spaces between tray channels during module assembly will result
in the assembly not meeting seismic certication criteria.
Similarly, install the remaining I-beam support on the other
side of the module (see Figure 10).
M10 x 40 BOLT
HORIZONTAL MULTIPLE STACKS
BACK TO BACK AND END TO END
TYPICAL HORIZONTAL STACK ARRANGEMENTS
Figure 7
7.2 Dummy Cells within a Module
Where application voltage requires, a dummy cell can replace
a live cell in a module. For example, a 46 volt, three-cell per
module system may consist of seven full modules and one
module containing two live cells and either an empty space,
or a dummy cell.
SECTION 8
8.0 System Assembly
8.1 Horizontal Single Stack
Consult layout/wiring diagram for total number and type of
module assemblies in system. There can be varying combinations of cell arrangements within the module. May contain
dummy cells depending on total system voltage.
Compare required module assemblies called for on layout/
wiring diagram with modules in shipment for completeness
before continuing further.
M10 FLAT WASHER
M10 WEDGE WASHER
M10 LOCK WASHER
M10 NUT
HARDWARE INSTALLATION FOR 2.67” WIDE I-BEAM SUPPORT
ACCESS SLOTS
M10 NUT
LOCK WASHER
WASHER
SEISMIC SHIM
HARDWARE INSTALLATION FOR 4.5” WIDE I-BEAM SUPPORT
Figure 8
I-BEAM SUPPORT
WASHER
M10 BOLT
Figure 9
8.1.1 Bottom I-beam Supports
Locate bottom I-beam supports and M10 I-beam hardware
kit. I-beam supports and seismic shims should be attached to
the appropriate module assembly shown on the layout/wiring
diagram prior to removal from shipping pallet.
NOTE: Seismic shims will be supplied with systems for which
they are required to maintain seismic compliance.
Secure I-beam support to a module channel as shown in supplied
drawing, with access slots outward. Please refer to Figure 8 and 9
for general hardware installation information. Seismic shims, when
supplied, are placed between the channel and the nut and oriented
so as to not extend beyond the end of the channel. Torque hardware to 47 Newton-meters (35 ft-lbs) using insulated tools. When
correctly attached, the I-beam support will be ush with the front
module channel and approximately 13mm (0.50”) away from the
back of the module. The side of the I-beam support will be approximately 10mm (0.38”) away from the end of the channels.
COMPLETED I-BEAM SUPPORT TO MODULE INSTALLATION
Figure 10
- 7 -
8.1.2 Handling
The module/base support assembly may now be removed
from the pallet using methods outlined in section 6.5,
Handling. Also see Figure 11. Remaining modules may be
removed in a similar manner.
8.1.3 Horizontal Stacking
In order to stack modules in the horizontal position, refer to
Figures 11 thru 13 to perform the tip-over procedure. The
module/base support assembly tip-over should be performed
rst. This procedure can be performed using a portable boom
crane or fork lift in conjunction with the lifting straps and lifting
shackles supplied.
E. Where oor anchoring is required, position module/base
assembly in desired location. Mark oor through I-beam
holes and remove module/base assembly. Install floor
anchoring and reposition module/base assembly over
anchoring. Prior to installing nuts and washers, check that
assembly is level in both axes. Level using shims provided. Torque anchor hardware to manufacturer’s recommended value.
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO PERFORM TIP-OVER OF
CAUTION!
MODULE MANUALLY AS SERIOUS PERSONAL
INJURY AND MODULE DAMAGE MAY RESULT.
A. Install lifting strap using lifting shackles in channel base
holes at each end of module upper rear channel as
shown in Figure 12A.
B. Center the lifting hook onto strap and lift until strap is
under tension and raises bottom of module from floor
surface so that upper and lower diagonal corners are in a
vertical mode.
C. While exerting manual force on the upper rear of module,
lower hoist until module is in horizontal position.
See Figures 12B and 13.
D. When module is horizontal, install the four lifting shackles
and two lifting straps as shown in Figure 14.
NOTE:
1) One strap with shackles used for tip-over
procedure.
2) Observe channel hole used as well as direction of
!
shackle insertion.
3) Tip over procedure for single modules only.
TIP OVER PROCEDURE
SHACKLE-STRAP USAGE
Figure 12A
HANDLING MODULE - BASE SUPPORT ASSEMBLY
Figure 11
F. Using Steps A-D and the layout/wiring diagram, position
the next module on top of rst so that channels of each
mate with one another using drift pins to align channel
holes. Make sure channel ends and sides of the upper
and lower modules are ush. Install serrated ange bolts
and nuts in open holes, nger tight. Remove lifting straps.
Use leveling shims to ll gaps between trays. See Figures
15, 16, and 17A.
G. At this time, check to see that the rst two modules are
plumb front to back and side to side using wooden or
plastic level together with plywood straight edge. This is
to insure proper alignment for module interconnection
later on. Torque hardware to 47 Newton-meters
(35 Ft-Lbs).
- 8 -
TIP-OVER PROCEDURE
Figure 12B
MODULE WITH BASE ASSEMBLY
AFTER TIP-OVER
Figure 13
NOTE:
1) Straps must be criss-crossed
2) Lifting shackle orientation and proper channel hole use
must be observed.
3) See Figure 4 for handling modules in vertical orientation.
!
4) Lift single modules only.
HORIZONTAL STACKING SHACKLE-STRAP USAGE
Figure 14
- 9 -
H. Proceed with stacking of remaining modules, checking
that stack is plumb in both axes as stacking progresses
before torquing hardware. Be certain to check the
layout/wiring diagram for correct horizontal orientation to
provide proper polarity interconnection as stacking
progresses. See Figure 17B.
COMPLETED HORIZONTAL STACK
Figure 17B
8.2 Horizontal-Multiple Stacks
HANDLING AND STACKING HORIZONTAL MODULES
Figure 15
M10 SERRATED
FLANGE BOLT
M10 SERRATED
FLANGE NUT
HARDWARE INSTALLATION SEQUENCE
Figure 16
It is recommended that all of the rst modules with bottom
supports attached (see Section 8.1.1) be placed in position
rst. A chalk line oor mark should be used to assure all
stacks will be in a straight line. This applies for stacks endto-end or end-to-end and back-to-back. Also refer to Section
8.1.3, Items A through H (Item E for base module leveling).
Module ends should be butted together so that module side
channel ends meet (see Figure 18).
Refer to layout/wiring diagram for seismic shim requirements.
At this time stack tie plates should be installed (see Section
8.2.1). It will be necessary to temporarily remove the hardware fastening the base modules to the I-beams.
See Figure 20A. Install tie plates and hardware. Torque to 47
Newton-meters (35 Ft-Lbs).
For stacks back-to-back, the two base modules are positioned to provide a minimum 4.5” spacing between the bot-
toms of the modules (not I-beam edges). See Figure 19A.
When all base modules are set in place, continue with stacking of subsequent modules. Procedures for assembly of
multiple horizontal stacks are the same as outlined in section
9.1. Also consult layout/wiring diagram. Each stack should be
built up in sequence to the same level until the top modules
in all stacks are the last to be installed. The use of a line cord
attached to upper module corners of opposite end modules
as stacking progresses aids in alignment. See Figure 19B.
INSTALLING HARDWARE
Figure 17A
POSITIONING HORIZONTAL BASE MODULE
Figure 18
- 10 -
HORIZONTAL STACKS — BACK TO BACK POSITIONING
Figure 19A
COMPLETED HORIZONTAL STACKS — SIDE BY SIDE
Figure 19B
TIE PLATE BOTTOM MODULES
Figure 20A
SEISMIC SHIM
INSTALLED UNDER
TIE PLATE WHERE
APPLICABLE
8.2.1 Stack Tie Plate
To achieve maximum stack stability, especially where seismic
conditions may exist, as well as proper interfacing of interstack connections, metal tie plates are provided. The plates
used on stacks end to end are 3” x 1” x 1/8” with two 9/16”
holes. Use one tie plate at each interface on only the base
and top modules of adjacent stacks. See Figures 20A and
20B.
Position plates on the front and back channels and secure
with hardware shown. Where stacks have different levels,
install plates on shorter stack top module and adjacent module. Torque hardware to 47 Newton-meters (35 Ft-Lbs).
This completes the mechanical assembly of the battery system.
For installation of connections and terminal plate assembly,
see Section 9.
For installation of protective module cover, see Section 10.
M10 SERRATED
FLANGE NUT
TIE PLATE TOP MODULES
Figure 20B
M10 SERRATED
FLANGE BOLT
- 11 -
SECTION 9
9.0 Connections
9.1 Post Preparation
Using either a brass bristle suede shoe brush or 3M Scotch
Brite scouring pad, brighten the at copper terminal surfaces
to ensure lowest resistance connections.
Apply a thin lm of NO-OX-ID “A” grease (supplied with battery) to all terminal mating surfaces. This will preclude oxidation after connections are completed.
9.2 Connections - System Terminals
Each system is supplied with a terminal plate assembly
for the positive and negative terminations. These should
always be used to provide proper connection to the operating
equipment and cell terminals. Any attempt to connect load
cables directly to cell terminals may compromise battery system performance as well as the integrity of cell post seals.
Cells are interconnected with connectors and hardware as
shown in Figures 21A and 21B
9.4 Connections - INTER-Stack
Multiple stacks end to end are interconnected as shown in
Figure 21C and 21D. Follow procedures in Section 9.1 and
Section 9.3. Also see Section 9.5, Connections - Torquing.
9.5 Connections - Torquing
!
When all inter-module connections have been installed, tighten all connections to 11.3 Newton-meters (100 in-lbs) Use
insulated tools. All connections should be rechecked after
the initial charge, due to heating during charge.
9.6 Connection - Check
For terminal plate assembly, see Figure 22 (6 cell modules
at low rate) or Figure 23. Consult layout/wiring diagram for
proper kit use. It is recommended that all components be
assembled in place with hardware torqued to 11.3 Newtonmeters (100 in-lbs). Retorque value is also 11.3 Newtonmeters (100 in-lbs).
Refer to Sections 9.1 and 9.3 for electrical contact surface
preparation of terminal plate components.
As shown, terminal plate assembly can be varied to satisfy
module terminal location as well as orientation of terminal
plate in a horizontal or vertical plane. Do not make connec-
tions to operating system at this time.
9.3 Connections - INTER-Module
Consult layout/wiring diagram for correct quantity of leadtin plated copper connectors required at each connection.
Follow procedure in Section 9.1 and brighten lead-tin plated
surfaces coming in contact with copper posts. Apply a lm
of NO-OX-ID “A” grease to these areas. NOTE: Apply a
minimum amount of grease to cover the surface. As a rule:
“If you can see it, it’s too much”. Where multiple connectors
are required across any single connection, brighten both
sides of connectors along the entire length. Grease these
areas as well. It is recommended when installing connec-
tors that the upper bolts be installed rst to reduced risk of
accidental shorting.
WASHERS SHOULD BE INSTALLED WITH THE CURVED
EDGE TOWARD THE CONNECTORS.
Again, visually check to see that all module terminals are
connected positive (+) to negative (-) throughout the battery.
Also measure the total voltage from terminal plate to terminal
plate. This should be approximately equal to 2.15 volts times
the number of cells in the system, e.g., a 24 cell system
would read: 24 x 2.15v = 51.6 volts.
9.7 Connection Resistance
Electrical integrity of connections can be objectively established by measuring the resistance of each connection.
These resistances are typically in the microhm range.
Meters are available which determine connection resistance
in microhms. Be sure that the probes are touching only the
posts to ensure that the contact resistance of connector to
post is included in the reading.
Resistance measurements or microhm measurements
should be taken at the time of installation and annually thereafter. Initial measurements at installation become the bench
mark values and should be recorded for future monitoring of
electrical integrity.
It is important that the bench mark value for all similar connections be no greater than 10% over the average. If any
connection resistance exceeds the average by more than
10%, the connection should be remade so that an acceptable bench mark value is established.
Bench mark values for connection resistances should also
be established for terminal plates, where used, as well as
cable connections. Bench mark values should preferably be
established upon installation.
BOLT WASHER CONNECTOR POST
All bench mark values should be recorded. Annually, all connection resistances should be re-measured. Any connection
which has a resistance value 20% above its benchmark
value should be corrected.
- 12 -
TWO POST CELLS
INTER-MODULE CONNECTION
A
FOUR POST CELLS
INTER-MODULE CONNECTION
B
TWO POST CELLS
INTER-STACK CONNECTION
C
1) See Section 9 - Connections
2) Torque hardware to 11.3 Newton-meters (100 in-lbs).
3) Consult layout/wiring diagram received with battery
system
4) Curved edge of washer should face the connector.
VARIOUS INTER STACK AND
INTER-MODULE CONNECTIONS
HORIZONTAL ARRANGEMENTS
FOUR POST CELLS
INTER-STACK CONNECTION
D
Figure 21
- 13 -
Figure 22
- 14 -
CABLE LUGS
(NOT SUPPLIED)
Figure 23
- 15 -
MODULE
CHANNELS
TO ASSEMBLE THE ABSOLYTE GP MODULE COVER, THE FOLLOWING ARE NEEDED:
ITEM QUANTITY
CLEAR COVER 1
STANDOFF LEG 4
KEY 4
TOP CLOSEOUT 1*
*TOP MODULE COVER ONLY
TOP MODULE
COVER
INSTALL TOP CLOSEOUT ON TO
7
CLEAR COVER OF TOP MODULE:
CUT TO ALLOW FOR TERMINAL
PLATE AS REQUIRED
INSTALLATION GUIDE FOR ABSOLYTE GP MODULE COVER
INSTALL COVERS ONTO
8
STANDOFF LEGS.
Figure 24
- 16 -
9.8 Cell Numerals
A set of pressure sensitive cell numerals and system polarity
labels are supplied and should be applied at this time.
Failure to perform the freshening charge within the limits
stated in Section as well as failure to perform the initial
charge upon installation of the battery 4 will affect the performance and life of the battery and may void the warranty.
Cell numerals should be applied to the top of the module and
as close to the cell being identied as possible. Suggest application to cell restraint bars or to module channels. Designate
the positive terminal cell as #1 with succeeding cells in series
in ascending order.
The system polarity labels should be applied next to the positive and negative terminals.
9.9 Warning Label
Apply pressure sensitive warning label provided on a prominently visible module side or end (The module cover is recommended).
!
9.10 Battery Nameplate
For future reference and warranty protection, apply pressure
sensitive nameplate on a prominently visible module. Fill in
date of installation and the specied capacity and rate.
Make sure surfaces are free of dirt and grease by wiping with
clean, dry wipers to ensure proper label adhesion.
For protective module cover installation, see Section 10.
11.1 Constant Voltage Method
Constant voltage is the only charging method allowed. Most
modern chargers are of the constant voltage type.
Determine the maximum voltage that may be applied to the
system equipment. This voltage, divided by the number of
cells connected in series, will establish the maximum volts per
cell (VPC) that is available.
Table B lists recommended voltages and charge times for the
initial charge. Select the highest voltage the system allows to
perform the initial charge in the shortest time period.
NOTE: Time periods listed in Table B are for 77°F. For other
temperatures a compensation factor of .003 V/°F (.0055 V/°C)
per cell is recommended. The minimum voltage is 2.20 VPC,
temperature correction does not apply below this voltage.
TEMPERATURE CORRECTION
V corrected = V25°C - (( T actual-25°C) x ( .0055V/°C)) or
V corrected = V77°F - ((T actual-77°F) x (.003V/°F))
See Appendix A for standard values.
STEP 1
SECTION 10
10.0 Protective Module Covers
Each module is provided with a transparent protective cover
to help prevent accidental contact with live module electrical
connections, and to provide easy visual access to the system.
When all system assembly has been completed, as well as
initial testing including initial charge and cell float voltage
readings, all covers should be installed. Covers should remain
in place at all times during normal operation of the battery
system.
10.1 Module Cover Installation
Refer to Figure 24 for installation of the transparent Module
Covers. Install standoff legs and standoff keys first, as
shown.
The cover is then installed by grasping it so that the GNB logo
is upright. Locate slots at the bottom of cover to the bottom
standoff legs and slide in place. Locate the holes at top of
cover and install to top standoff legs.Refer to Figure 24.
!
SECTION 11
11.0 Initial Charge
Batteries lose some charge during shipment as well as during the period prior to installation. A battery should be given
its initial charge at installation. Battery positive (+) terminal
should be connected to charger positive (+) terminal and bat-
tery negative (-) terminal to charger negative (-) terminal.
A. Set constant voltage charger to maximum setting without
exceeding 2.35 VPC. Example: For a target charge of
2.35 VPC on a 24-cell system, you would set the charger
voltage to 56.4 volts.
Depending on the battery’s state of charge, the charger
may go into current limit at the beginning and decline
slowly once the target charge voltage is reached.
B. Record time and current at regular intervals – every hour
as a minimum.
C. Continue charging the battery until there is no further drop
in charge current over 3 consecutive hours. This could
take days if the battery has been in storage for a long time.
D. When the current has stabilized, proceed to step 2.
STEP 2
A. Continue the charge for the time listed in Table B
depending on the charger voltage setting. The time is IN
ADDITION to the time spent charging in Step 1. Example,
charge for 12 hours if the charger voltage is set to 2.35
VPC.
CELL VOLTS TIME-HRS (Minimum)
2.30 24
2.35 12
B. Record cell voltages hourly during the last 3 hours of the
charge time. If, after the charge time has completed, but
the lowest cell voltage has continued to rise, you may
extend the charge, monitoring cell voltages hourly, until the
lowest cell voltage ceases to rise.
- 17 -
TABLE B
INITIAL CHARGE (77°F)
C. Proceed to Step 3.
STEP 3
TEMPERATURE CORRECTION
V corrected = V25°C - (( T actual-25°C) x ( .0055V/°C)) or
V corrected = V77°F - ((T actual-77°F) x (.003V/°F))
The initial charge is complete. Charger voltage can now be
reduced to oat voltage setting per Section 12.2. For a target
oat charge of 2.25 VPC on a 24-cell system, you would set
the charger voltage to 54 volts.
SECTION 12
12.0 Operation
12.0.1 Cycle Method of Operation
In cycle operation, the degree of discharge will vary for different applications. Therefore, the frequency of recharging
and the amount of charge necessary will vary. The amount
of charge necessary depends on the number of ampere
hours discharged. Generally, Absolyte GP cells require
approximately 105-110% of the ampere-hours removed to be
returned to achieve a full state of charge.
The upper voltage settings recommended, given that the
maxium charge current is 5% of the nominal C100 Amp-hour
rating and ambient temperatures of 25°C (77°F), are as follows:
2.28 ± 0.02 VPC @ 0-2% DOD
2.33 ± 0.02 VPC @ 3-5% DOD
2.38 ± 0.02 VPC @ >5% DOD
Due to the variety of applications and charging equipment
(particularly in Photovoltaic systems) it is recommended that
you contact an GNB representative when determining proper
recharge proles.
12.1 Floating Charge Method
In this type of operation, the battery is connected in parallel
with a constant voltage charger and the critical load circuits.
The charger should be capable of maintaining the required
constant voltage at battery terminals and also supply a normal connected load where applicable. This sustains the battery in a fully charged condition and also makes it available
to assume the emergency power requirements in the event of
an AC power interruption or charger failure.
12.2 Float Charge - Float Voltages
Following are the oat voltage ranges recommended for the
Absolyte Battery System. Select any “volts per cell” (VPC)
value within the range listed that will result in the series string
having an average volts per cell equal to that value.
RECOMMENDED FLOAT RANGE (@77°F)
2.23 to 2.27 VPC
See Appendix A for standard values.
Modern constant voltage output charging equipment is recommended for the floating charger method of operation of GNB
Absolyte batteries. This type of charger, properly adjusted to the
recommended oat voltages and following recommended surveillance procedures, will assist in obtaining consistent serviceability
and optimum life.
After the battery has been given its initial charge (refer to
Section 11), the charger should be adjusted to provide the
recommended oat voltages at the battery terminals.
Do not use oat voltages higher or lower than those recom-
mended. Reduced capacity or battery life will result.
Check and record battery terminal voltage on a regular
basis. Monthly checks are recommended. See Section 15.0,
Records, second bullet. If battery oat voltage is above or
below the correct value, adjust charger to provide proper voltage as measured at the battery terminals.
12.3 Voltmeter Calibration
Panel and portable voltmeters used to indicate battery oat
voltages should be accurate at the operating voltage value.
The same holds true for portable meters used to read individual cell voltages. These meters should be checked against
a standard every six months and calibrated when necessary.
12.4 Recharge
All batteries should be recharged as soon as possible following a discharge with constant voltage chargers. However, to
recharge in the shortest period of time, raise the charger output voltage to the highest value which the connected system
will permit. Do not exceed the voltages and times listed in
Table C, Section 13.2.
12.5 Determining State-of-Charge
If the normal connected load is constant (no emergency load
connected), the following method can be used to determine
the approximate state-of-charge of the battery. The state-of-
charge can be identied to some degree by the amount of
charging current going to the battery. When initially placed
on charge or recharge following a discharge, the charging
current, read at the charger ammeter, will be a combination
of the load current plus the current necessary to charge the
battery. The current to the battery will start to decrease and
will nally stabilize when the battery becomes fully charged.
If the current level remains constant for three consecutive
hours, then this reects a state-of-charge of approximately 95
to 98%. For most requirements, the battery is ready for use.
NOTE: Recommended oat voltages are for 77°F. For other
temperatures a compensation factor of .003 V/°F (.0055 V/°C)
per cell is recommended. The minimum voltage is 2.20 VPC,
temperature correction does not apply below this voltage. The
maximum voltage is 2.35 VPC, temperature correction does not
apply above this voltage.
If the normal connected load is variable (i.e. telecommunications), the following method may be used to check the stateof-charge of the battery. Measure the voltage across a pilot
cell (See Section 14.0 for denition of pilot cell). If the voltage
is stable for 24 consecutive hours, the battery reects a state
of charge of approximately 95%.
- 18 -
12.6 Effects of Float Voltage
Float voltage has a direct effect on the service life
of your battery and can be the cause of thermal instability.
A oat voltage above the recommended values reduces service life. The chart below shows the effects of oat voltage
(temperature corrected) on battery life.
Temperature corrected 77°F (25°C) Percent
Float voltage per cell Reduction
Minimum Maximum in Battery Life
2.23 2.27 0%
2.28 2.32 50%
2.33 2.37 75%
Voltage records must be maintained by the user in accordance with the maintanence schedule published in this manual.
To obtain the optimum service life from the battery, it is important to make sure the battery’s oat voltage is within the recommended range.
12.7 Float Current and Thermal Management
Increased float current can portend a condition known as
thermal runaway, where the battery produces more heat than
it can dissipate. VRLA batteries are more prone to thermal
runaway because the recombination reaction that occurs at
the negative plate, and reduces water loss, also produces
heat. High room temperature, improper applications,
improper voltage settings, and incorrect installation practices
can increase the chances of thermal runaway.
As with good record-keeping practices, monitoring float
current can prevent a minor excursion from becoming a
major issue.
12.8 AC Ripple
“Reference” ohmic values are of dubious value because so
many factors can affect the way the readings are made and
displayed by the devices. Connector conguration and AC
ripple as well as differences between readings of temperature
and probe placement will prevent the ohmic devices from
generating consistent and meaningful data. The meters work
better with monoblocs and small capacity VRLA products
and less well with large (>800-Ah) VRLA and ooded battery
designs. Users should be particularly skeptical of data
taken on series-parallel VRLA battery congurations as the
feedback signal to the device may follow unforeseen paths
that can overwhelm it.
It is best for users to establish their own baseline values
for their battery as specically congured. Do not rely on
reference values.
If users wish to enhance normal maintenance and recordkeeping with ohmic measurements, GNB recommends the
trending of this data over time. Use a rst set of readings
taken 6 months after initial charge and installation as the
baseline data. Subsequent measurements should be taken
using the same device over the life of the battery. Because
cell positioning within the string (connector conguration to a
particular cell) can affect the reading, always compare each
cell at baseline to itself in the new data. Standalone ohmic
data is not sufcient to justify warranty cell replacement.
Responsible ohmic device manufacturers acknowledge that
there is no direct relationship between percent ohmic change
from baseline and battery capacity. A change from baseline
of 25% or less is in the normal noise or variability range.
Changes between 25% and 50% may call for additional
scrutiny of the system. An IEEE compliant discharge test is
usually warranted on systems exhibiting more than a 50%
change from baseline. Consult an GNB representative for
specic questions about ohmic data.
AC ripple is noise or leftover AC waveform riding on the DC
charge current to the battery that the rectier did not remove.
It is usually more pronounced in UPS than telecom systems.
Proper maintenance of the UPS capacitors will reduce the
amount of ripple going into the battery.
Establishment of absolute limits for AC ripple has always
been problematic because the degree of damage it causes
depends on the wave shape, peak-to-peak magnitude and
frequency. Accurate characterization of AC ripple requires an
oscilloscope and even then, only represents a picture of the
ripple at that moment in time.
Whatever its exact characteristics, AC ripple is always
harmful to batteries. Depending on its particular properties,
ripple can result in overcharge, undercharge and microcycling that can prematurely age the battery. The most
common and damaging result of AC ripple is battery heating
which can lead to thermal runaway. AC ripple will decrease
battery life and should be reduced as much as possible.
12.9 Ohmic Measurements
Impedance, resistance and conductance testing is collectively
known in the industry as ohmic measurements. Each
measurement is derived using a manufacturer-specic and
proprietary algorithm and / or frequency. This means that one
type of measurement cannot be converted or related easily to
another.
SECTION 13
13.0 Equalizing Charge
Under normal operating conditions an equalizing charge is
not required. An equalizing charge is a special charge given
a battery when non-uniformity in voltage has developed
between cells. It is given to restore all cells to a fully charged
condition. Use a charging voltage higher than the normal oat
voltage and for a specied number of hours, as determined by
the voltage used.
Non-uniformity of cells may result from low oat voltage due
to improper adjustment of the charger or a panel voltmeter
which reads an incorrect (higher) output voltage. Also, variations in cell temperatures greater than 5°F (2.78°C) in the
series string at a given time, due to environmental conditions
or module arrangement, can cause low cells.
13.1 Equalizing Frequency
An equalizing charge should be given when the following conditions exist:
A. The oat voltage of any cell (as per Section 14.0) is less
than 2.18 VPC.
B. A recharge of the battery is required in a minimum time
period following an emergency discharge.
- 19 -
C. Individual cell(s) oat is more than +/- 0.05 volts from aver-
age.
charge, monitoring cell voltages hourly, until the lowest cell
voltage ceases to rise.
D. Accurate periodic records (See Section 15) of individual
cell voltages show an increase in spread since the previ-
ous semi-annual readings.
An annual equalize charge is recommended to help ensure
uniform cell performance.
13.2 Equalizing Charge Method
Constant voltage charging is the method for giving an equalizing charge. Determine the maximum voltage that may be
applied to the system equipment. This voltage, divided by the
number of cells connected in series, will establish the maximum volts per cell that may be used to perform the equalizing
charge in the shortest period of time (not to exceed 2.35 VPC
applicable at 77°F, 25°C). Refer to Table C for voltages and
recommended time periods.
NOTE: Charge volts listed in Table C are for 77°F. For other
temperatures a compensation factor of .003 V/°F (.0055
V/°C) per cell is recommended. The minimum voltage is
2.20 VPC. The maximum voltage is 2.35 VPC. Temperature
correction does not apply outside of this range.
V corrected = V25°C - ((T actual-25°C) x (.0055 V/°C))or
V corrected = V77°F - ((T actual-77°F) x (.003 V/°F))
See Appendix A for standard values.
STEP 1
A. Set constant voltage charger to maximum setting without
exceeding 2.35 VPC.
Example: For a target charge of 2.35 VPC on a 24-cell
system, you would set the charger voltage to 56.4 volts.
C. Proceed to Step 3.
STEP 3
The Equalize charge is now complete. Charger voltage can
now be reduced to oat voltage setting per Section 12.2. For
a target oat charge of 2.25 VPC on a 24-cell system, you
would set the charger voltage to 54 volts.
SECTION 14
14.0 Pilot Cell
A pilot cell is selected in the series string to reect the general condition of cells in the battery. The cell selected should
be the lowest cell voltage in the series string following the
initial charge. See Section 11.0 - Initial Charge. Reading and
recording pilot cell voltage monthly serves as an indicator of
battery condition between scheduled overall individual cell
readings.
SECTION 15
15.0 Records
The following information must be recorded at installation,
and annually for every year of operation after installation.
These records must be maintained throughout the
life of the battery and made available for review by GNB
representatives for capacity or life related warranty claims.
Failure to collect and store these maintenance data will void
the warranty. Please review the warranty statement specic
to the battery application for any additional requirements.
• Individual cell voltages
B. Record time and current at regular intervals – every hour
as a minimum.
C. Continue charging the battery until there is no further drop
in charge current over 3 consecutive hours.
D. When the current has stabilized, proceed to step 2.
STEP 2
A. Continue the charge for the time listed in Table C
depending on the charger voltage setting. The time is IN
ADDITION to the time spent charging in Step 1.
Example, charge for 12 hours if the charger voltage is set to
2.35 VPC.
TABLE C
EQUALIZE CHARGE (77°F)
CELL VOLTS TIME (HOURS)
2.30 24
2.35 12
B. Record cell voltages hourly during the last 3 hours of the
charge time. If, after the charge time has completed, but the
lowest cell voltage has continued to rise, you may extend the
• Overall string voltage
• Ambient temperature immediately surrounding battery
• Battery temperature at several places throughout the string.
Recommend 1 reading per battery stack. More data points
are recommended for larger batteries and to check for
temperature gradients. Readings on the tray, cell cover
or negative terminal are good places to measure battery
temperature. Take readings away from HVAC sources.
• Float current measured at stack to stack connections
(optional)
• Ohmic measurements (optional). Baseline ohmic readings
of individual cells should be taken 6 months from the date of
initial charge.
• Retorque connectors as part of annual maintenance.
ONCE PER YEAR READINGS ARE THE ABSOLUTE
MINIMUM REQUIRED TO PROTECT WARRANTY. More
frequent readings are recommended, especially for critical
sites. Good record-keeping will prevent minor issues from
escalating into more serious problems over time. See Figure
25 for sample record-keeping form.
- 20 -
SECTION 16
SECTION 19
16.0 Tap Connections
Tap connections should not be used on a battery. This can
cause overcharging of the unused cells and undercharging of
those cells supplying the load, thus reducing battery life.
SECTION 17
17.0 Temporary Non-Use
An installed battery that is expected to stand idle longer
than the maximum storage interval (see Sec. 4.2), should be
treated as stated below. The maximum storage interval is 6
months if stored at 77°F.
Give the battery an equalizing charge as per Section 13.
Following the equalizing charge, open connections at the battery terminals to remove charger and load from the battery.
Repeat the above after every 6 months (77°F) or at the
required storage interval. See Section 4.2 for adjustments
to storage intervals when the storage temperature exceeds
77°F.
To return the battery to normal service, re-connect the battery
to the charger and the load, give an equalizing charge and
return the battery to oat operation.
SECTION 18
19.0 Connections
Battery terminals and intercell connections should be corrosion free and tight for trouble-free operation. Periodically
these connections should be inspected.
!
CAUTION!
DO NOT WORK ON CONNECTIONS
WITH BATTERY CONNECTED TO
CHARGER OR LOAD.
If corrosion is present, disconnect the connector from the terminal.
Gently clean the affected area using a suede brush or Scotch
Brite scouring pad. Apply a thin coating of NO-OX-ID “A”
grease to the cleaned contact surfaces, reinstall connectors
and retorque connections to 11.3 Newton-meters (100 inch
pounds).
ALL TERMINAL AND INTERCELL CONNECTIONS SHOULD
BE RETORQUED AT LEAST ONCE EVERY YEAR TO 11.3
NEWTON-METERS (100 INCH POUNDS).
NOTE: Design and/or specifications subject to change
without notice. If questions arise, contact your local
sales representative for clarication.
18.0 Unit Cleaning
Periodically clean cell covers with a dry 2” paintbrush to
remove accumulated dust. If any cell parts appear to be damp
with electrolyte or show signs of corrosion, contact your local
GNB representative.
CAUTION!
Do not clean plastic parts with solvents,
detergents, oils, mineral spirit or spray
type cleaners as these may cause crazing
or cracking of the plastic materials.
SECTION 20
20.0 Capacity Testing
When a capacity discharge test is desired, it is recommended
that it be performed in accordance with IEEE-1188*, latest
revision.
An equalizing charge, as described in Section 13.2, must be
completed within 7 days prior to the capacity test. The bat-
teries must be returned to oat charging immediately after the
equalize charge completes. Allow the batteries to oat at least
72 hours prior to capacity discharge.
After the capacity discharge has completed, the batteries can
be recharged in the shortest amount of time by following the
equalize charge procedure described in Section 13.2.
*IEEE-1188: Recommended Practice for Maintenance,
Testing, and Replacement of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid
(VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications.
- 21 -
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A Division of Exide Technologies
A Division of Exide Technologies
Ohmic
C / R / I
A Division of Exide Technologies
996939
988683
976737
966663
956535
944643
933633
9161
No. Volts Resist.
Cell Conn.
1166865
1158555
1144845
1138353
1122825
1118151
1100805
1097949
1088784
1077747
1066764
1057545
1044744
1037343
1022724
1017141
1000704
1178757
1198959
1188885
PAGE 1 OF
Ohmic
C / R / I
INSTALL DATE:
BATTERY LOCATION / NUMBER:
SERIAL NUMBER:
ABSOLYTE BATTERY MAINTENANCE REPORT
TYPE:MANUF. DATE:
Volts Resist.
No.
Cell Conn.
CHARGER VOLTAGE: CHARGER CURRENT:
Ohmic
C / R / I
Volts Resist.
32 9262
31
No.
Cell Conn.
Ohmic
C / R / I
DATE:
ADDRESS:
COMPANY:
No. of CELLS:
SYSTEM VOLTAGE: TEMPERATURE:
Conn.
Resist.
No. Volts
Cell
123
4
789
5
6
111213
10
151617
14
192021
18
2324252627
22
28
29
30 1200906
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS:
Figure 25.1
- 22 -
Ohmic
A Division of Exide Technologies
A Division of Exide Technologies
C / R / I
A Division of Exide Technologies
996939
9838 68
976737
9636 66
956535
9434 64
9333 63
9161
Cell Conn.
No. Volts Resist.
10040 70
1017141
10242 72
1037343
10444 74
1057545
10646 76
1077747
10848 78
1097949
11050 80
1118151
11252 82
1138353
11454 84
1158555
11656 86
1178757
11858 88
1198959
PAGE 1 OF
Ohmic
C / R / I
INSTALL DATE:
No. Volts Resist.
Cell Conn.
ABSOLYTE BATTERY MAINTENANCE REPORT
BATTERY LOCATION / NUMBER:
CHARGER VOLTAGE: CHARGER CURRENT:
Ohmic
Cell Conn.
Ohmic
Conn.
C / R / I
32 9262
31
No. Volts Resist.
Temp Temp Temp Temp
C / R / I
Resist.
SERIAL NUMBER:
TYPE: MANUF. DATE:
DATE:
ADDRESS:
COMPANY:
No. of CELLS:
SYSTEM VOLTAGE: TEMPERATURE:
No. Volts
Cell
123
4
111213
10
151617
14
192021
18
2324252627
22
28
29
30 12060 90
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS:
789
5
6
Figure 25.2
- 23 -
APPENDIX A
Temperature Corrected Float Voltages
Expressed in Volts per Cell
Float Voltage at 25°C
3 2.35 55 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34
4 2.35 2.35 56 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33
5 2.34 2.35 57 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33
6 2.34 2.35 58 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33
7 2.33 2.34 9553.2 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32
8 2.33 2.34 0653.2 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32
9 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 61 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32
10 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 62 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32
11 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 63 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31
12 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 64 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31
13 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 65 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31
14 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 66 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30
15 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 67 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30
16 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 68 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30
17 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 69 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29
18 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 70 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29
19 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 71 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29
20 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 72 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29
21 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 73 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28
22 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 74 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28
23 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 75 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28
24 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 76 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27
25 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 77 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27
26 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 78 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27
27 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 79 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26
Battery Temperature (°C)
28 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 80 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26
29 2.21
30 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 82 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26
31 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 83 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25
32 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 84 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25
33 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 85 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25
34 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 86 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24
37 2.20 2.21 89 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23
38 2.20 90 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23
39 2.20 12.219 2.22 2.23
2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 81 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26
Battery Temperature (°F)
02.253 2.21 2.22 87 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24
02.263 2.20 2.21 88 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24
95 2.21 2.22
Float Voltage at 77°F
12.229 2.22 2.23
02.239 2.21 2.22
02.249 2.21 2.22
72.262.252.242.232.272.262.252.242.232.2
- 24 -
- 25 -
APPENDIX C
BONDING & GROUNDING OF BATTERY RACK
INTRODUCTION
1. To insure personnel safety, and equipment protection, operation, and reliability, the battery rack should be connected to the
Common Bonding Network (CBN).
2. Electrical continuity between modules is provided through the use of serrated hardware. If continuity between the horizontal
supports (I-beams) and the bottom module is desired, the use of a grounding kit (GNB P/N: K17ABSGPGRND) is required.
This kit is available through your local GNB representative.
GROUNDING KIT INSTALLATION
1. Each kit consists of the following components:
(2) #6 AWG, 12 in. 90°C cables
(4) “C” shaped beam clamps
(4) 1/4-20 x 0.75 in. bolts
(4) 1/4-20 x 1.00 in. bolts
2. Using (1) 1/4-20 x 1.00 in. bolt per beam clamp, connect (1) beam clamp to the I-beam ange and (1) beam clamp to the back
ange of the module (see Figure 1). Be sure to securely tighten the bolts such that the paint is penetrated (see Figure 2).
3. Attach each end of cable assembly to a beam clamp using (1) 1/4-20 x 0.75 in. bolt per end (see Figure 3). Tighten hardware securely.
4. Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for the second horizontal support (I-beam).
Figure 1: Beam Clamp Installation Figure 2: Adequate Paint Penetration Figure 3: Cable Assembly Installation
CONNECTING TO THE CBN
1. The recommended location for attaching the frame ground is the back “C” channel on the
upper module of the stack (see Figure 4).
Figure 4: Recommended Frame
Ground Location
2. Once the location is determined, it will be necessary to drill (2) holes for the frame ground conductor/lug (installer supplied).
Note, hole size and spacing will be dependent on the lug.
3. Using a grinder, etc., remove the paint from around the holes drilled in Step 2.
Apply a thin lm of NO-OX-ID “A” grease to the bare metal and attach the frame ground conductor/lug.
- 26 -
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- 27 -
A Division of Exide Technologies
®
GNB Industrial Power –
The Industry Leader.
GNB Industrial Power, a division of Exide Technologies, is a
global leader in network power applications including
communication/data networks, UPS systems for computers
and control systems, electrical power generation and
distribution systems, as well as a wide range of other
industrial standby power applications. With a strong
manufacturing base in both North America and Europe and a
truly global reach
sales and service, GNB Industrial Power is best positioned to
satisfy your back up power needs locally as well as all over the
world.
GNB Industrial Power
USA – Tel: 888.898.4462
Canada – Tel: 800.268.2698
www.gnb.com
(operations in more than 80 countries) in
Based on over 100 years of technological innovation the Network
Power group leads the industry with the most recognized global
brands such as ABSOLYTE
MARATHON
SPRINTER
performance and excellence in all the markets served.
GNB Industrial Power takes pride in its commitment to a better
environment. Its Total Battery Management program, an
integrated approach to manufacturing, distributing and recycling
of lead acid batteries, has been developed to ensure a safe and
responsible life cycle for all of its products.
®
, RELAY GEL®, SONNENSCHEIN®, and
®
. They have come to symbolize quality, reliability,
®
, GNB®FLOODED CLASSIC®,
SECTION 92.61 2013-09
SECTION 93.10 2010-12
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