EXFO PSO-200 User Manual
PSO-200
Optical Modulation Analyzer
User Guide
Copyright © 2010–2013 EXFO Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this
publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted
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However, no responsibility is assumed by EXFO for its use nor for any
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its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent
rights of EXFO.
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Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is 0L8C3.
The information contained in this publication is subject to change without
notice.
Trademarks
EXFO’s trademarks have been identified as such. However, the presence
or absence of such identification does not affect the legal status of any
trademark.
Units of Measurement
Units of measurement in this publication conform to SI standards and
practices.
Patents
EXFO’s Universal Interface is protected by US patent 6,612,750.
Version number: 2.0.1
ii PSO-200
Contents
Contents
Certification Information ....................................................................................................... vi
European Community Declaration of Conformity ................................................................. vii
1 Introducing the PSO-200 Optical Modulation Analyzer ............................. 1
Main Features .........................................................................................................................1
Conventions ............................................................................................................................3
2 Safety Information ....................................................................................... 5
Laser Safety Information .........................................................................................................5
Electrical Safety Information ...................................................................................................6
3 Getting Started with Your Optical Modulation Analyzer ........................... 9
Installing the EXFO Universal Interface (EUI) ...........................................................................9
Cleaning and Connecting Optical Fibers ...............................................................................10
Starting and Exiting the Optical Modulation Analyzer Application .......................................12
4 Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer ........................................... 13
Configuring the Input Signal ................................................................................................13
Setting Other Acquisition Parameters ...................................................................................16
Setting File Autonaming .......................................................................................................18
Identifying Acquisitions ........................................................................................................20
Setting Analysis Parameters ..................................................................................................22
Using Special Modulation Modes .........................................................................................24
Using an External Local Oscillator .........................................................................................27
Locking the Remote Unit ......................................................................................................31
5 Performing Acquisitions ............................................................................ 33
Starting and Stopping an Acquisition ...................................................................................33
Clearing Data During an Acquisition .....................................................................................34
Saving Acquisitions to a File .................................................................................................35
Activating Trigger-Based Acquisitions ...................................................................................36
6 Customizing the Graph and Data Layout ................................................. 39
Selecting and Customizing the Layout ..................................................................................39
Constellation Chart ...............................................................................................................41
Eye Diagrams ........................................................................................................................43
Pattern Diagrams ..................................................................................................................47
Y-Axis Auto Scaling (All Graphs) ............................................................................................47
Optical Modulation Analyzer iii
Contents
7 Viewing and Analyzing Results ..................................................................49
Opening an Existing Acquisition File .....................................................................................49
Viewing Acquisition Information ..........................................................................................50
Playing Back Acquisition Files ...............................................................................................51
Zooming and Moving Graphs ...............................................................................................52
Displaying and Setting X-Axis Values ....................................................................................53
Displaying Graphs in Color Grade Mode ...............................................................................54
Displaying Multiple Bursts Simultaneously (Persistence) .......................................................55
Setting Number of Symbol Periods for Eye Diagrams ...........................................................55
Using the Measurement Tables .............................................................................................56
Using Graph Markers ............................................................................................................58
Viewing Signal Distribution Using Histograms ......................................................................60
Distinguishing Data Points from Transitions .........................................................................62
Using Pattern Masks .............................................................................................................64
Using Averaging to Improve Results .....................................................................................70
Applying Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms ................................................................72
Applying Data Filtering .........................................................................................................76
8 Bit Pattern Analysis and the Gearbox ........................................................79
Basic Gearbox Setup Details ..................................................................................................80
Exporting Symbol Patterns ....................................................................................................83
Importing User-Defined Symbol Patterns ..............................................................................84
Performing Detailed Bit Pattern Analysis with the Gearbox ...................................................87
Using PRBS or User-Defined Bit Patterns with the Gearbox .................................................100
Exporting Gearbox Setups ..................................................................................................104
Obtaining and Using Bit/Symbol Error Rates .......................................................................105
9 Post-Processing and Reanalyzing Data ....................................................109
Installing and Using the Application on a Computer ..........................................................109
Installing and Activating Software Options ........................................................................111
Exporting Data ....................................................................................................................113
Copying Graph and Measurements to Clipboard ................................................................114
Reanalyzing Acquisitions with New Settings .......................................................................115
Reverting to Original File ....................................................................................................116
10 Maintenance ..............................................................................................117
Cleaning EUI Connectors ....................................................................................................117
Recycling and Disposal (Applies to European Union Only) ..................................................119
iv PSO-200
Contents
11 Troubleshooting ....................................................................................... 121
Solving Common Problems .................................................................................................121
Solving Phase Tracking Issues ..............................................................................................122
Viewing Online Help ...........................................................................................................122
Contacting the Technical Support Group ............................................................................123
Viewing System Information ...............................................................................................124
Transportation ....................................................................................................................125
12 Warranty ................................................................................................... 127
General Information ...........................................................................................................127
Liability ...............................................................................................................................127
Exclusions ...........................................................................................................................128
Certification ........................................................................................................................128
Service and Repairs .............................................................................................................129
EXFO Service Centers Worldwide ........................................................................................130
A Technical Specifications ........................................................................... 131
B SCPI Commands Reference ...................................................................... 133
Quick Reference Command Tree .........................................................................................133
Product-Specific Commands—Description ..........................................................................138
C Coherent Detection and Sampling Methods .......................................... 239
Coherent Detection .............................................................................................................239
Sampling Methods .............................................................................................................240
PSO-200 Principles of Operation .........................................................................................242
Signal Processing Algorithms ..............................................................................................244
D Modulation Schemes ............................................................................... 247
E Measurement Definitions ........................................................................ 251
Data Used for Measurements .............................................................................................251
Measurements for Constellation Charts ..............................................................................252
Measurements for Eye Diagrams ........................................................................................258
Index .............................................................................................................. 267
Optical Modulation Analyzer v
Certification Information
Certification Information
North America Regulatory Statement
This unit was certified by an agency approved in both Canada and the
United States of America. It has been evaluated according to applicable
North American approved standards for product safety for use in Canada
and the United States.
Electronic test and measurement equipment is exempt from FCC part 15,
subpart B compliance in the United States of America and from ICES-003
compliance in Canada. However, EXFO Inc. makes reasonable efforts to
ensure compliance to the applicable standards.
The limits set by these standards are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in
a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance
with the user guide, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely
to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to
correct the interference at his own expense.
Modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the
user's authority to operate the equipment.
IMPORTANT
Use of shielded remote I/O cables, with properly grounded shields
and metal connectors, is recommended in order to reduce radio
frequency interference that may emanate from these cables.
vi PSO-200
Certification Information
Application of Council Directive(s): 2006/95/EC - The Low Voltage Directive
2004/108/EC - The EMC Directive
2006/66/EC - The Battery Directive
93/68/EEC - CE Marking
And their amendments
Manufacturer’s Name: EXFO Inc.
Manufacturer’s Address: 400 Godin Avenue
Quebec, Quebec
Canada, G1M 2K2
(418) 683-0211
Equipment Type/Environment: Test & Measurement / Industrial
Trade Name/Model No.: PSO-200 / Optical Modulation Analyzer
Standard(s) to which Conformity is Declared:
EN 61010-1:2001 Edition 2.0 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement,
Control, and Laboratory Use, Part 1: General Requirements.
EN 61326-1:2006 Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory
Use - EMC Requirements – Part 1: General requirements
EN 60825-1:2007 Edition 2.0 Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification,
requirements, and user’s guide
EN 55022: 2006 + A1: 2007 Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specified above conforms to the above Directive and Standards.
Manufacturer
Signature:
Full Name: Stephen Bull, E. Eng
Position: Vice-President Research and
Development
Address: 400 Godin Avenue, Quebec (Quebec),
Canada, G1M 2K2
Date: August 17, 2010
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
European Community Declaration of Conformity
European Community Declaration of
Conformity
Optical Modulation Analyzer vii
1 Introducing the PSO-200
Optical Modulation Analyzer
As new advanced modulation schemes enable the transmission of
high-speed optical signals over fiber, research centers, network equipment
manufacturers and eventually carriers need new test instruments to
properly characterize these signals.
Main Features
The PSO-200 Optical Modulation Analyzer uses equivalent-time optical
sampling, allowing the complete characterization of random or repetitive
digital signals at 100 Gb/s, 400 Gb/s, 1 Tb/s and beyond.
The PSO-200 displays constellation charts, eye diagrams and patterns with
very high temporal resolution. It is a useful tool to study and characterize
very high bit-rate systems or very fast events like short pulses, where the
bandwidth of ordinary electrical sampling oscilloscopes is not sufficient.
The PSO-200 can measure a number of modulation formats: OOK, BPSK,
APSK, QPSK and 16-QAM, all in return-to-zero (RZ) or non-return-to-zero
(NRZ) formats.
Optical Modulation Analyzer 1
Introducing the PSO-200 Optical Modulation Analyzer
Local oscillator
input port
Input signal port
Trigger port
USB port
Power button
Remote control
indicator/Return
to local mode
Handle
Touchscreen
Support
LAN ports
USB ports
Main Features
The PSO-200 Optical Modulation Analyzer has the following features:
Fully customizable display layout and selection of graphs (intensity,
phase, error-vector magnitude) in eye diagram and pattern modes.
Analysis tools such as averaging, masks, filters and advanced signal
processing algorithms.
Post-processing tools (acquisition import and export, reanalysis with
different settings, offline application).
2 PSO-200
Bit pattern customization with the Gearbox
Remote control available (Ethernet TCP/IP with SCPI commands).
Introducing the PSO-200 Optical Modulation Analyzer
Conventions
Before using the product described in this guide, you should understand
the following conventions:
WARNING
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
could result in death or serious injury. Do not proceed unless you
understand and meet the required conditions.
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
may result in minor or moderate injury. Do not proceed unless you
understand and meet the required conditions.
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
may result in component damage. Do not proceed unless you
understand and meet the required conditions.
Conventions
IMPORTANT
Refers to information about this product you should not overlook.
Optical Modulation Analyzer 3
2 Safety Information
Laser Safety Information
WARNING
Do not install or terminate fibers while a light source is active.
Never look directly into a live fiber and ensure that your eyes are
protected at all times.
WARNING
The use of controls, adjustments and procedures other than those
specified herein may result in exposure to hazardous situations or
impair the protection provided by this unit.
IMPORTANT
When you see the following symbol on your unit , make sure
that you refer to the instructions provided in your user
documentation. Ensure that you understand and meet the required
conditions before using your product.
Your instrument is a Class 1 laser product in compliance with standards
IEC 60825-1 2007 and 21 CFR 1040.10. Laser radiation may be encountered
at the output port.
The following label indicates that a product contains a Class 1 source:
Note: The label is located at the back of the unit.
Optical Modulation Analyzer 5
Safety Information
Electrical Safety Information
Electrical Safety Information
This unit uses an international safety standard three-wire power cable. This
cable serves as a ground when connected to an appropriate AC power
outlet.
Note: To ensure that the unit is completely turned off, disconnect the power cable.
WARNING
Insert the power cable plug into a power outlet with a
protective ground contact. Do not use an extension cord
without a protective conductor.
Before turning on the unit, connect all grounding terminals,
extension cords and devices to a protective ground via a ground
socket. Any interruption of the protective grounding is a
potential shock hazard and may cause personal injury.
Whenever the ground protection is impaired, do not use the
unit and secure it against any accidental operation.
Do not tamper with the protective ground terminal.
6 PSO-200
Safety Information
Electrical Safety Information
The color coding used in the electric cable depends on the cable. New
plugs should meet the local safety requirements and include:
adequate load-carrying capacity
ground connection
cable clamp
WARNING
Use this unit indoors only.
Position the unit so that the air can circulate freely around it.
Do not remove unit covers during operation.
Operation of any electrical instrument around flammable gases
or fumes constitutes a major safety hazard.
To avoid electrical shock, do not operate the unit if any part of
the outer surface (covers, panels, etc.) is damaged.
Only authorized personnel should carry out adjustments,
maintenance or repair of opened units under voltage. A person
qualified in first aid must also be present. Do not replace any
components while power cable is connected.
Capacitors inside the unit may be charged even if the unit has
been disconnected from its electrical supply.
Optical Modulation Analyzer 7
Safety Information
Electrical Safety Information
Tem pe ra tu re
Operation
Storage
Relative humidity
a
Equipment Ratings
0 °C to 35 °C (32 °F to 95 °F)
-40 °C to 70 °C (-40 °F to 158 °F)
80 % non-condensing
Maximum operation
2000 m (6562 ft)
altitude
Pollution degree 2
Installation category II
Powe r supp l y rati ng
b
100 V to 240 V (50 Hz/60 Hz)
maximum input power 250 VA
a. Measured in 0 °C to 31 °C (32 °F to 87.8 °F) range, decreasing linearly to 50 % at 40 °C (104 °F).
b. Not exceeding ± 10 % of the nominal voltage.
The following label is located on the back panel of the unit:
8 PSO-200
3 Getting Started with Your
Bare metal
(or blue border)
indicates UPC
option
Green border
indicates APC
option
2 3 4
Optical Modulation Analyzer
Installing the EXFO Universal Interface (EUI)
The EUI fixed baseplate is available for connectors with angled (APC) or
non-angled (UPC) polishing. A green border around the baseplate
indicates that it is for APC-type connectors.
To install an EUI connector adapter onto the EUI baseplate:
1. Hold the EUI connector adapter so the dust cap opens downwards.
2. Close the dust cap in order to hold the connector adapter more firmly.
3. Insert the connector adapter into the baseplate.
4. While pushing firmly, turn the connector adapter clockwise on the
baseplate to lock it in place.
Optical Modulation Analyzer 9
Getting Started with Your Optical Modulation Analyzer
Cleaning and Connecting Optical Fibers
Cleaning and Connecting Optical Fibers
IMPORTANT
To ensure maximum power and to avoid erroneous readings:
Always inspect fiber ends and make sure that they are clean as
explained below before inserting them into the port. EXFO is
not responsible for damage or errors caused by bad fiber
cleaning or handling.
Ensure that your patchcord has appropriate connectors. Joining
mismatched connectors will damage the ferrules.
To connect the fiber-optic cable to the port:
1. Inspect the fiber using a fiber inspection microscope. If the fiber is
clean, proceed to connecting it to the port. If the fiber is dirty, clean it as
explained below.
2. Clean the fiber ends as follows:
2a. Gently wipe the fiber end with a lint-free swab dipped in isopropyl
alcohol.
2b. Use compressed air to dry completely.
2c. Visually inspect the fiber end to ensure its cleanliness.
10 PSO-200
Getting Started with Your Optical Modulation Analyzer
Cleaning and Connecting Optical Fibers
3. Carefully align the connector and port to prevent the fiber end from
touching the outside of the port or rubbing against other surfaces.
If your connector features a key, ensure that it is fully fitted into the
port’s corresponding notch.
4. Push the connector in so that the fiber-optic cable is firmly in place,
thus ensuring adequate contact.
If your connector features a screwsleeve, tighten the connector
enough to firmly maintain the fiber in place. Do not overtighten, as this
will damage the fiber and the port.
Note: If your fiber-optic cable is not properly aligned and/or connected, you will
notice heavy loss and reflection.
EXFO uses good quality connectors in compliance with EIA-455-21A
standards.
To keep connectors clean and in good condition, EXFO strongly
recommends inspecting them with a fiber inspection probe before
connecting them. Failure to do so will result in permanent damage to the
connectors and degradation in measurements.
Optical Modulation Analyzer 11
Getting Started with Your Optical Modulation Analyzer
Starting and Exiting the Optical Modulation Analyzer Application
Starting and Exiting the Optical Modulation
Analyzer Application
The PSO-200 Optical Modulation Analyzer runs on a Microsoft Windows
environment. When you turn it on, the unit should automatically start the
Optical Modulation Analyzer application.
When starting the application, the PSO-200 requires some time to initialize,
during which certain features, such as the Start button, are not available. A
message is displayed in the status bar while initialization is in progress.
To start the application:
Double-click the shortcut icon on the desktop.
From the Windows Start menu, select All Programs > EXFO >
Optical Modulation Analyzer.
To exit the application:
1. From the File menu, select Exit.
OR
Click the button in the bottom right corner of the main window.
2. Select which shutdown method you want.
Turn off the unit: closes the
application and completely shuts
down the PSO-200.
Terminate session: closes the
application and logs off the
current Windows session, but
does not shut down the PSO-200.
Exit: closes the application only.
Note: If there were unsaved acquisitions, you will be prompted to save them
when you exit the application.
12 PSO-200
4 Setting Up the Optical
Modulation Analyzer
You should start by setting parameters on the PSO-200 so that acquisitions
are performed according to the signal you are analyzing and that the results
meet your needs.
You can also change some settings during an acquisition, or even
afterwards to see how it would have affected the results. See Reanalyzing
Acquisitions with New Settings on page 115.
Note: Changing settings during an acquisition will not stop it. However, acquired
bursts will be cleared and new bursts will be taken using the new settings.
Configuring the Input Signal
You will need to provide the following information about your input signal,
in order to obtain relevant results:
ITU channel and Offset: this is the signal frequency or wavelength. You
can select a channel from the ITU grid (25 GHz spacing), and if
needed, indicate an offset value of up to half the channel.
The signal spectrum needs to be within the receiver spectrum (see
Technical Specifications on page 131), otherwise the constellation
chart might be distorted and noisy, or even not visible at all.
Local oscillator: you can use the PSO-200’s internal pulsed laser source
or your own external laser source. For explanations on when and how
to use an external source, see Using an External Local Oscillator on
page 27).
Modulation scheme (DPSK, QPSK, etc.): select the scheme according
to the modulation of your signal under test. Dual-polarization signals
are prefixed with “DP” See Modulation Schemes on page 247.
The Free-Run, CW and Intensity Sampling modes allow bypassing
some signal processing algorithms for troubleshooting or other analysis
purposes. See Using Special Modulation Modes on page 24.
Optical Modulation Analyzer 13
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer
Configuring the Input Signal
Bit format (RZ or NRZ): this should be used according to the pulse
carving status of your signal under test (RZ for pulse-carved signals,
NRZ otherwise, as explained in Modulation Schemes on page 247).
This setting affects measurements associated with the waveform.
Symbol rate (in GBd): symbol rate of the input signal. An accurate rate
(±0.05 GBd or better) is needed to recover the correct waveform (via
pattern synchronization) and to get valid time-domain measurements
from the time reconstruction algorithms (see Sampling Methods on
page 240).
Linewidth: controls the speed of the IF tracking algorithm and should
correspond to the signal source’s linewidth (approximately
±0.25 MHz).
If it is set too low, there will be remaining phase noise on the captured
waveform (constellation symbols spread in the phase direction) or
even the phase will not be accurately tracked (cycle slips will occur).
If it is set too high, the algorithm will remove phase noise not
originating from the signal source (constellation symbols will be
compressed in the phase direction).
A proper setting balances these two conditions (equal noise in both
amplitude and phase, or a constellation with symmetric points).
14 PSO-200
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer
Configuring the Input Signal
To configure the input signal type and properties:
1. From the Settings menu, select Acquisition.
2. Under the General tab, enter the settings in the Signal section.
3. Click Apply to confirm your settings, or OK to also close the window.
Optical Modulation Analyzer 15
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer
Setting Other Acquisition Parameters
Setting Other Acquisition Parameters
Use the following parameters to improve the recovered waveform:
Burst sampling parameters: you can specify the number of bursts that
will be recorded or buffered by the application, as well as the number
of data points in each burst. A larger number of points will take more
time to process but provide better results.
Input pattern mode and parameters: available modes depend on the
selected modulation scheme.
Random – if random signals (live traffic or framed PRBS) or very
long patterns (2
31
-1 PRBS) are used. The constellation chart and
eye diagrams of amplitude and phase can be measured, but not
the patterns. No filtering, averaging or CD unwrapping possible.
Repetitive (unknown pattern) – if your signal under test comprises
a repetitive pattern with known word length (for example, PRBS
with header data). The pattern can also be recovered.
User-defined symbol pattern – if you know exactly the symbol
pattern or can extract it from an acquisition (such as in Repetitive
mode or if your modulation scheme is not supported by the
PSO-200). This mode improves signal processing algorithms and
allows the calculation of a symbol error rate (SER). For details, see
Importing User-Defined Symbol Patterns on page 84.
PRBS – if your signal is generated from pseudo-random binary
sequences. Since the pattern is known, you can obtain bit error
rate (BER) information and you can use the Gearbox to fine-tune
the bit alignment of your signal stream.
User-defined bit pattern – if you know exactly the sequence of bits
in your signal. As for PRBS, you can obtain the BER and are able to
use the Gearbox.
Note: Free-Run, CW and Intensity Sampling signals do not allow patterns.
16 PSO-200
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer
Setting Other Acquisition Parameters
IMPORTANT
Make sure a pattern can be displayed (magnitude graph) in any of
the pattern mode acquisitions. If pattern synchronization cannot be
achieved, switch the input pattern type to Random.
To set the acquisition parameters:
1. From the Settings menu, select Acquisition.
2. Under the General tab, enter the settings for the burst sampling and
input pattern.
3. If you have selected Repetitive pattern (unknown sequence), simply
enter the Symbol pattern length.
Otherwise, proceed as explained in Bit Pattern Analysis and the
Gearbox on page 79.
4. Click Apply to confirm your settings, or OK to also close the window.
Optical Modulation Analyzer 17
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer
Setting File Autonaming
Setting File Autonaming
Autonaming helps you create a predefined file naming scheme for future
saved acquisitions. This can include data components, date/time and
sequential numbering. This way you are sure not to overwrite your
previous files and always follow a standard that is meaningful to you.
Note: Characters that cannot be used in a file name are replaced by a tilde “~”.
Note: Path and file names combined cannot exceed 260 characters. If the items
you have selected lead to a name that is too long, it will be truncated.
To define and activate the autonaming scheme:
1. From the Settings menu, select General.
2. Select the File Autonaming tab.
3. Check the box to enable the option if you want to use autonaming.
18 PSO-200
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer
Setting File Autonaming
4. Define the autonaming scheme. A sample file name shows you the
final output.
Select data components you want to include in the name. You
must select at least one item in the list. You can change the order
using the up and down arrow buttons.
Note: The order of the items is kept until you revert to the factory settings.
Set the sequential number values. You can enter the starting
number and select how many digits are to be used. Once the
sequence reaches the maximum value (for example, 999 for a
3-digit sequence), the sequence is reset to the first value.
If desired, you can include a comment for your file name in the
Custom box. The comment contains up to 100 characters.
Select a separator value to place between the selected data
components.
5. Click Apply to confirm your settings, or OK to also close the window.
Optical Modulation Analyzer 19
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer
Identifying Acquisitions
Identifying Acquisitions
Setting up acquisition information can save you time and work, as your
acquisitions will be identified according to your needs each time. You can
either set default information for future acquisitions (especially useful in
conjunction with file autonaming in automated production environments),
or add specific information for the current acquisition.
To enter acquisition identification:
1. If you want to set the default information, from the Settings menu,
select Default Acquisition Identification.
OR
If you want to identify the current acquisition only, from the File menu,
select Properties, then Current Acquisition Identification.
Note: When editing current acquisition details, you can click Apply Default
Identification in any tab to insert the default data.
2. Select the General tab, then fill out the basic information for your
acquisition, such as the operator or customer name.
20 PSO-200
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer
Identifying Acquisitions
3. Select the Equipment Under Test and Location Information tabs and
provide details that pertain to your specific test case.
You can also add a personalized comment in the Comments tab.
4. Click Apply to confirm your settings, or OK to also close the window.
Optical Modulation Analyzer 21
Setting Up the Optical Modulation Analyzer
Setting Analysis Parameters
Setting Analysis Parameters
The signal can be analyzed while being acquired or afterwards in
reanalysis mode. The following tools are available.
Burst averaging (see Using Averaging to Improve Results on page 70).
Measurement windows:
Data – time range defined as percentages of the symbol period, as
explained in Distinguishing Data Points from Transitions on
page 62.
Amplitude – intensity range defined as percentages of the eye
amplitude, as explained in Measurements for Eye Diagrams on
page 258. It is used to compute values like “rise” and “fall” times
and provides the eye height.
Specific optional signal processing algorithms (see Applying Advanced
Signal Processing Algorithms on page 72). Available algorithms depend
on the selected modulation format.
Pattern masks to test the quality of the signal and perform quick
pass/fail analysis (see Using Pattern Masks on page 64).
22 PSO-200
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