Exalt ExtendAir r4905, ExtendAir r4910, ExtendAir r5005, ExtendAir r40, ExtendAir r5000 Installation And Management Manual

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ExtendAir

(TDD) Series

Digital Microwave Radios

Installation and Management Guide

203591-010 2012-09-04

Models: r40xx & rc40xx Series r49xx & rc49xx Series r50xx & rc50xx Series

Exalt Installation and Management Guide ExtendAir (TDD) Series Digital Microwave Radios

Legal Notice

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ii 203591-010

2012-09-04

Exalt Installation and Management Guide

ExtendAir (TDD) Series Digital Microwave Radios

Legal Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

Open-Source License Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii

Notes for Customers of the Cisco Configuration ExtendAir r5005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

About this Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x

Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x

Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Related Documentation and Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

The ExtendAir (TDD) Series Digital Microwave Radios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Basic Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Pre-installation Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Link Engineering and Site Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Familiarization with the ExtendAir (TDD) Series Radios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Initial Configuration and Back-to-Back Bench Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Time Division Duplex (TDD) Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Link Orientation and Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Radio Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Offset Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

System Installation and Initiation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Record Keeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Mechanical Configuration and Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Radio Ports and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

CAT5e Lightning/Surge Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Reset to Critical Factory Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Antenna/Transmission System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Transmission Line from Antenna to Radio (rc models) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Antenna Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Configuration and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Telnet into the Command Line Interface (CLI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Telnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Exalt Graphical User Interface (GUI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Quick Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Navigating the GUI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Radio Information Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Administration Settings Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

NTP and Time Zones Configurations Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

File Management Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

File Transfer Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

File Activation Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

203591-010 iii 2012-09-04

Exalt Installation and Management Guide ExtendAir (TDD) Series Digital Microwave Radios

System Configuration Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Ethernet Interface Configuration Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

T1/E1 Configuration Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

VLAN Configuration Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Ethernet Rate Limiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

QoS Configuration Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Automatic Channel Selection (ACS) Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Syslog Configuration Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

GPS Information Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Alarms Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Performance Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Event Log Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

User Throughput Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Diagnostic Charts Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Spectrum Analyzer Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Ethernet Utilization Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Reboot Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Manual Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Physical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

System Specifications, 4.5GHz Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

System Specifications, 4.9GHz Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

System Specifications, 5.3GHz Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

System Specifications, 5.4GHz Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

System Specifications, 5.8GHz Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Interface Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

TDM Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

RSL/Sync Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Power/Ethernet Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

General Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Typical Indications of Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Improper RF Cable Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Multipath Propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

RF Interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Path Obstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Misaligned Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Faulty Antenna (connectorized antenna rc-models only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Improper Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Insufficient Link Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Moisture in the Transmission System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Back-to-back Bench Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Basic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Specification Performance Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

General Compliance and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

iv 203591-010

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Exalt Installation and Management Guide

ExtendAir (TDD) Series Digital Microwave Radios

Dynamic Frequency Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Safety Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Regulatory Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

49xx Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

United States Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Canada Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Europe and ITU Country Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Regulatory Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Regulatory Domain Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

EIRP Limits for the United States and Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

EIRP for the USA and Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

EIRP Limits for Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

EIRP Limits for the European Union and ITU Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

50xx Series EIRP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Declaration of Conformity to the R&TTE Directive

1999/5/EC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

EU WEEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

EU RoHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Exalt Limited Hardware Warranty Software License and RMA Procedures Agreement . . 126

Copyright Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

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Exalt Installation and Management Guide ExtendAir (TDD) Series Digital Microwave Radios

List of Figures

Figure 1 Exalt ExtendAir (TDD) r5000 (integrated antenna model) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Figure 2 Mounting and cabling—integrated antenna model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Figure 3 Cabling and mounting—external antenna model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Figure 4 Synchronized GPS sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Figure 5 Internal Sync for two collocated radios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Figure 6 Internal Sync for more than two collocated radios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Figure 7 GPS Sync for more than one collocated radios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Figure 8 Synchronization for radios in a chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Figure 9 Radio installation tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Figure 10 Pole-mount example (integrated antenna version) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Figure 11 ExtendAir (TDD) Series connectors (model r5000) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Figure 12 Power injector connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Figure 13 CLI main menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Figure 14 Initiating the browser connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Figure 15 Browser Login screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Figure 16 Radio Information page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Figure 17 Exalt GUI window description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Figure 18 Summary status information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Figure 19 Radio Information page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Figure 20 Administration Settings page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Figure 21 NTP and Time Zones Configurations page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Figure 22 SNMP Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Figure 23 Trap Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Figure 24 File Transfer page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Figure 25 File Transfer page—download file link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Figure 26 File Activation page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Figure 27 System Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Figure 28 Ethernet Interface Configuration page (multiple Ethernet ports model) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Figure 29 T1 Interface Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Figure 30 E1 Interface Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Figure 31 External (remote) loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Figure 32 External (local) loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Figure 33 Internal loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Figure 34 VLAN Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Figure 35 Ethernet Rate Limiting page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Figure 36 QoS Configuration page (multiple Ethernet interface model) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Figure 37 MAC DA based QoS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Figure 38 VLAN ID based QoS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Figure 39 802.1p based QoS mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Figure 40 IPv4/IPv6 based QoS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Figure 41 Port based QoS mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Figure 42 Automatic Channel Selection page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Figure 43 Syslog Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Figure 44 GPS Information page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Figure 45 Alarms page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Figure 46 Performance page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Figure 47 Event Log page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Figure 48 User Throughput page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Figure 49 Aggregate User Throughput Help page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

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Figure 50 Diagnostic Charts page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Figure 51 Spectrum Analyzer page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Figure 52 Spectrum analyzer graph example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Figure 53 Ethernet Utilization page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Figure 54 Reboot page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Figure 55 Manual page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Figure 56 TDM connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Figure 57 RSL & Sync In/Sync Out connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Figure 58 Power/Ethernet connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Figure 59 Basic back-to-back bench test configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

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List of Tables

Table 1 Factory default settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Table 2 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Table 3 LED indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Table 4 Recommended transmission line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Table 5 Default login information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Table 6 Alarm status indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Table 7 Supported 5GHz antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Table 8 Product Approvals (Exalt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Table 9 4.9GHz Regulatory Domain Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Table 10 5GHz Regulatory Domain Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Table 11 EU and ITU Country Specific EIRP Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

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Notes for Customers of the Cisco Configuration ExtendAir r5005

Customers who purchased the Cisco configuration of the ExtendAir r5005 should note the following:

• The Cisco configuration ExtendAir r5005 has an integrated antenna. Sections of the manual that

refer to the rc5005 or any rc models (those with connectors for external antennas) are not relevant.

• The Cisco configuration ExtendAir r5005 is not available in the 5000, 5010, or 5015 variants nor

any 49xx variants. The specifications, connections, and capabilities listed for those models are not

applicable.

• The Cisco configuration ExtendAir r5005 does not employ the ‘Regulatory Domain Key’ (RDK)

feature. RDK is available regionally for specific regulatory compliance. All mention of the RDK is

not applicable. Cisco configuration radios provide specific the following capabilities for regional

regulatory domain compliance, as ordered:

– Certain frequency bands and/or tuning ranges are available and/or blocked from use

– EIRP (maximum output power) limits may be applied

– Channel bandwidth (size) selections may be limited and/or named in accordance with

regulations

– Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) may be enforced and not selectable, per regulations

• The Cisco configuration ExtendAir r5005 is provided standard with full Ethernet capacity and

128-bit AES encryption. No license keys are required for capacity, and only 256-bit AES

encryption is available as an upgrade license key.

• The Cisco configuration ExtendAir r5005 is packaged with the integrated AC power injector (not

sold separately). The DC power injector is not provided. Information regarding DC power is not

applicable.

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About this Document

This manual provides a complete description of the ExtendAir (TDD) Series Digital Microwave Radios and related software. This manual provides planners, engineers, installers, system administrators, and technicians general and specific information related to the planning, installation, operation, management, and maintenance of these devices.

Revision History

Date Products and Release code

2009-11-16 Models 5000, 5005, 5010, and 5015 initial release v1.0.0 through v1.1.3

2009-12-18 Models 4900, 4905 and 4910 initial release v1.0

2010-09-20 Update for Cisco-configuration r5005 release and Internal Sync release, v1.4.0

2010-12-21 Update to regulatory information, v1.4.3

2011-06-06 Update VLAN configuration from previous releases and add 40xx Series Models. Manual reflects v1.4.5

for 50xx models; v1.0 for 40xx and 49xx models.

2011-07-16 Update for software release 1.5.0 for 50xx models; includes QoS configuration feature.

2011-12-14 Update for software release 1.6.0 for 50xx models; includes ACS and port-to-port Eth ernet mode selection

2012-04-10 Added NTP and SysLog features.

2012-09-04 Updated for DFS regulation changes.

features.

Icons

The following icons denote specific types of information:

Note: This symbol means take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to materials not contained in the manual.

Warning! This warning symbol means there is a risk of electric shock. This situation that could cause bodily injury. Before working on any equipment, be aware of the hazards involved with electrical circuitry and be familiar with standard practices for preventing accidents.

Caution! This symbol means be careful. There is a risk of doing something that might result in equipment damage or loss of data. This is a general warning, caution, or risk of danger.

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Introduction

Exalt Communications, Inc. thanks you for your purchase. Our goal is to build the highest quality, highest reliability digital microwave radio products. This commitment to quality and reliability extends to our employees and partners alike. We appreciate any comments on how we can improve our products, as well as your sales and Customer Care experience.

Customer Care Hotline (USA): (408) 688-0202 Toll-Free Customer Care Hotline (USA): (877) EXALT-01 (392-5801) Direct-Dial Telephone (USA): (408) 688-0200 Website: www.exaltcom.com Sales e-mail: sales@exaltcom.com Customer Care e-mail: support@exaltcom.com Mailing Address: Exalt Communications, Inc.

254 E. Hacienda Ave. Campbell, CA 95008 USA

The ExtendAir (TDD) Series Digital Microwave Radios

The Exalt ExtendAir (TDD) Series Digital Microwave Radios are the most advanced carrier-class point-to-point terrestrial radio communications devices operating in the 4400 to 4900, 4940 to 4990, or 5250 to 5875 MHz frequency bands. The ExtendAir (TDD) Series radios are available in the following configurations:

• r-models have an integrated antenna.

• rc-models have a connector for external antenna connection

The ExtendAir (TDD) Series radios connect voice and/or digital data from one location to another, obviating the need for copper or fiber connectivity, or enhancing existing connectivity by providing a redundancy solution, a primary solution, and/or additional capacity. Figure 1 shows the ExtendAir (TDD) Series r5000 digital microwave radio.

Figure 1 Exalt ExtendAir (TDD) r5000 (integrated antenna model)

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The following ExtendAir (TTD) models are covered in this manual:

Note: All models offer license key upgrades for 128- or 256-bit AES encryption.

• r4005 and rc4005

– configured with 27Mbps aggregate Ethernet capacity (1PoE port plus two additional Ethernet

ports) – with license key upgrades for 55 and 160Mbps aggregate capacity

• r4010 and rc4010

– configured with 27Mbps aggregate capacity and 4xT1/E1 (single PoE port) – with license key upgrades for 55 and 160Mbps aggregate capacity

• r4900 and rc4900

– configured with 27Mbps aggregate Ethernet capacity (single PoE port) – with license key upgrades for 55, 80, and 162Mbps aggregate capacity

• r4905 and rc4905

– configured with 27Mbps aggregate Ethernet capacity (1 PoE port plus 2 additional Ethernet

ports) – with license key upgrades for 55, 80, and 162Mbps aggregate capacity

• r4910 and rc4910

– configured with 27Mbps aggregate capacity and 4xT1/E1 (single PoE port) – with license key upgrades for 55, 80, and 162Mbps aggregate capacity

• r5000 and rc5000

– configured with 27Mbps aggregate Ethernet capacity (single PoE port) – with license key upgrades for 55 and 162Mbps aggregate capacity

• r5005 and rc5005

– configured with 27Mbps aggregate Ethernet capacity (1 PoE port + 2 additional Ethernet

ports) – with license key upgrades for 55 and 162Mbps aggregate capacity

Note: The Cisco configuration r5005 is pre-configured to allow full capacity (162Mbps aggregate) and 128-bit AES wireless encryption.

• r5010 and rc5010

– configured with 27Mbps aggregate capacity and 4xT1/E1 (single PoE port) – with license key upgrades for 55 and 162Mbps aggregate capacity

• r5015 and rc5015

– configured with 2Mbps aggregate Ethernet capacity and 2xT1/E1 (single PoE port) – with license key upgrades for 27, 55, and 162Mbps aggregate capacity with license key

upgrade for 4xT1/E1

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The ExtendAir (TDD) Series radios require a clear line-of-sight and proper path cl earance to achiev e a high-performance, reliable connection. Perform professional path engineering and site planning before installing this equipment.

The primary focus of this document is the installation and maintenance of the digital microwave radio, and assumes that path engineering and site planning has already been performed.

The 50xx family ExtendAir (TDD) Series radios utilize radio frequencies in the 5250 to 5875 MHz range. In most countries these frequency bands are considered as ‘license-exempt’ or ‘unlicensed.’ This means that virtually any user may use these frequencies freely, without paying for access, or any type of prenotification, post-notification or registration. As a result of this designation, users may also move or change these systems at any time, with significant flexibility to the location, orientation and configuration of the system. However, due also to this designation, there may be uncontrolled interference from other similar devices that occupy this spectrum. In these cases, it is up to engineering and maintenance personnel to design the system with existing and future interference sources in mind, recognizing that there is a chance that the interference conditions could be very dynamic, and outages may occur on the system as a result, and that, in some very rare cases, the system may cause interference into another system and may be required to be disengaged or modified/re-oriented to eliminate the interference.

If the spectrum in your country is designated as ‘license-exempt’ or similar, this does not infer that the installer may configure the system in any manner at any location. In most cases, there are regulations, or device-based conditions that limit the use of the device, such as maximum gain antenna, antenna types and maximum output power, as well as, in some cases, application limits, limited geography of use, and other unique regulations. The link design engineer and/or professional installer must determine these limitations and engineer/install the system within the confines of all local regulations. Also, it is required to examine any regulations that may apply to peripheral equipment, installation and cabling of the system that may be regulated for human safety, electrical code, air-traffic control, and other safety-related categories.

In certain countries, the spectrum for this product is NOT considered to be license-exempt. In these cases, there may be additional regulatory requirements concerning the location, frequency, power, orientation, configuration, and other aspects of the system, including, in some cases, a need for link registration, coordination, and fees that may apply to the system usage. Please consult your local regulatory organization(s) to determine usage requirements.

The 49xx family ExtendAir (TDD) Series radios utilize frequencies in the 4940–4990MHz range, which is typically a licensed band reserved for use by Public Safety agencies and applications. The 40xx family ExtendAir (TDD) Series radios utilize frequencies in the 4400–4900 MHz range, which are typically reserved for Government users.

In almost all cases, either for license-exempt or other designation, the product itself must be authorized for use in your country. Either Exalt or Exalt’s agent must have applied for certification or authorization to allow the sale and deployment of the system within the country. It is also possible that only certain versions or configurations of the device are allowed within a particular country. Please contact Exalt or your authorized Exalt representative for information pertaining to your country.

Note: It is the (professional) installer’s responsibility to ensure that the radio system is implemented in a legal fashion. Exalt is not liable for any unsafe or illegal installations.

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Basic Features

The ExtendAir (TDD) Series Digital Microwave Radios are intended for all-outdoor mounting and come with an indoor-mounted power injector. In some cases, the radio can be mounted indoors or in an enclosure. Depending on the configuration purchased, the associated antenna is either integrated as part of the unit or connected separately.

For the integrated antenna models, the entire unit is typically mounted on a tower or rooftop mast structure, with Ethernet/Power and other optional interface cables running from the unit location, through a structure penetration, and to the power injector and connected communications equipment.

For the external antenna models, the unit is typically mounted very close to the external antenna to minimize RF cabling and associated losses. Alternatively, the unit can be mounted at an easily accessible location with longer RF cabling to the antenna. Proper lightning or surge suppression devices and associated grounding are required for all connections.

Figure 2 Mounting and cabling—integrated antenna model

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Exalt Installation and Management Guide

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For highest performance and reliability, it is advised to minimize the length of RF cable and associated transmission system losses between the antenna and the radio’s antenna port.

The ExtendAir (TDD) Series radios provide connections for a combination of the following data communication interfaces:

• 10/100BaseT Ethernet (up to 3 ports, depending on model)

• Up to 4xT1/E1 interfaces for synchronous voice traffic (xx10 and xx15 models only)

The ExtendAir (TDD) Series radios are powered by a combined Power/Ethernet cable, and associated power injector. The power injector provides 48VDC to the unit. The power injector and/or external power supply are sold separately.

The ExtendAir (TDD) Series radios provide the following primary features and benefits:

• Low-latency optimization and control for voice and data connections

• Very high throughput and flexible interface configurations with voice+data combinations

• Encryption for extreme wireless security

• Easy-to-use management and configuration

• Flexible utilized channel bandwidth selection for interference avoidance and frequency

coordination

• Flexible center frequency tuning for interference avoidance and frequency coordination

• Flexible capacity to meet current connection requirements and future growth needs

• Carrier-class reliability and performance

• Connector covers (for weatherproofing unused connectors)

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Pre-installation Tasks

This section describes the steps necessary to prepare a site for the installation of the Exalt Digital Microwave Radio.

Link Engineering and Site Planning

Design all terrestrial wireless links prior to purchase and installation. Generally, professional wireless engineering personnel are engaged to determine the viability and requirements for a well-engineered link to meet the users’ needs for performance and reliability.

Please use the ExaltCalc path calculator, which aids in the pre-planning and engineering required to determine following attributes:

• Antenna type gain at each end of the link

• Antenna mounting height/location for proper path clearance

• Antenna polarization orientation

• RF cabling type, length, connectors, route, and mounting

• Antenna system grounding

• Lightning arrestor type(s), location(s), and grounding

• Radio mounting location and mechanisms

• Radio grounding

• Radio transmitter output power setting

• Anticipated received signal level (RSL) at each end

• Anticipated fade margin and availability performance at each end

• Radio settings for TDD frame length and occupied bandwidth

• Anticipated throughput performance (TDM circuit support and Ethernet)

• Anticipated system latency

With respect to radio path and site planning, these radios are generally identical to other microwave terrestrial wireless systems. Engineering of these systems requires specific knowledge about the radios, including:

• RF specifications (transmitter output power, receiver threshold, occupied channel bandwidth, and

carrier-to-interference)

• Regulatory limitations on transmitter output power setting and antenna type/gain

• Noise/interference profile for the intended location

Familiarization with the ExtendAir (TDD) Series Radios

The ExtendAir (TDD) Series radios utilize time division duplex (TDD) radio transmission. This means that the transmitted signal in both directions uses the same center frequency and transmits in one direction for a period of time, and then in the opposite direction for another period of time. This total period of time is referred to as the frame length or TDD frame length, and is further discussed in Time

Division Duplex (TDD) Factors.

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The two radio terminals are identical hardware, except for the TDD setting in software. When the radios are in their default state, both radios are configured as Radio B.

One end of the link must be

configured as Radio A before the two ends of the radio system can communicate.

It can be considered that Radio A is the primary radio in the link. Radio A provides the master clock and control to Radio B. For most applications, it is not important how the radio link is oriented, only that one end is configured for Radio A and the other for Radio B. For some applications (such as, multi-radio hub sites or repeaters), the orientation of the radio systems may be more critical. See Link

Orientation and Synchronization for details.

There are two ways to configure the radios for Radio A/B determination:

• Use the Exalt browser-based graphical user interface (GUI) – preferred.

• Connect to the radio using Telnet.

Exalt recommends using the Exalt GUI for radio configuration. This interface requires a computer with an Ethernet port and web browser software, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 or above. See

Configuration and Management

for details on how to connect to and use the browser-based GUI

interface.

Shipping Box Contents

Unless purchased as a spare terminal, the radios are shipped as a complete hop (that is, a radio link pair consisting of two terminals). An outer box has labeling that indicates the contents of the box, with the part number and serial number details for both radio terminals.

Inside the outer box are two identical boxes, each of these boxes is also marked with the part number and serial number of the individual terminal contained insid e the box. The terminal box contains the following items:

• Radio terminal (configured as Radio B)

• Mounting kit (for pole or wall mounting)

• Accessory kit

– Grounding screw/washers

– Weather-sealing tape (required for RF connectors on the rc versions)

– RSL adapter cable

• Registration card

• Quick-start guide

The power solution for ExtendAir is sold separately. For customers requiring direct 48V DC power, a power injector is available. For AC-powered applications, a POE/Adapter combination is available.

Inspect the outer packaging and the contents of the boxes upon receipt. If you suspect any shipping damage or issues with the contents, contact Exalt Customer Care.

Note: Register your system as soon as possible. A 2-year Warranty period applies to products registered within 90 days of purchase. The Warranty period is reduced to 1-year for unregistered products and products registered after the first 90 days.

Outdoor-rated and shielded CAT5e cable, such as Beldon 1300A, with RJ-45 or RJ-48C connectors is recommended for the Ethernet and/or TDM connections. For Ethernet connections, a maximum length

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of 100 meters applies to the total length of the cabling between the radio terminal and the first network-aware connection (such as a switch or router).

Initial Configuration and Back-to-Back Bench Test

Every Exalt digital microwave radio goes through extensive quality testing and performance evaluation over the full operating temperature range prior to shipment. However, before installation, it is strongly advised to perform several tests and tasks that are much more difficult to perform once the radio link endpoints are distant from one another. A back-to-back bench test and pre-configuration will provide confidence that the radio link is operational and properly configured prior to installation, so that if troubleshooting is necessary, the radio hardware and configuration settings are eliminated from the troubleshooting process. Verify the following in the back-to-back testing:

• Confirm that the radio system is generally operational

– Radios power-up with planned power and wiring solutions – Regulatory Domain Key (RDK) entry successful

Note: Exalt radios with the RDK function are DISABLED when initially shipped. To ENABLE the radio, a valid RDK must be entered on the Administration Settings Page the Exalt GUI. The RDK references the unit's serial number and is provided based on the country and/or region where the radio system will be deployed. The RDK is obtained

www.exaltcom.com/activate.htm

. First time user-account registration is required.

page of

– Radio firmware version matches on each terminal (and is ideally the latest version) – Upgrade license key entry successful – RF link connects in both directions – Traffic passes across the link

Note: Some countries require Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS), which delays the transmitter turn-on time during the initial Channel Availability Check period of 1 minute. In accordance with these regulations, the radios boot up, and then wait for 1 minute before linking.

– Configure connected equipment and cabling – Test Ethernet (CAT5e) cabling, and/or T1/E1 cabling, any auxiliary connector cabling and

configure all interfaces – Configure IP settings for configuration and management – Configure passwords and security modes – Become familiar with the configuration and management interfaces through the Exalt GUI

interface – Configure radio parameters – Set transmitter output power to engineered or allowed level (see RF Output Power Setting

) – Set operating center frequency – Set link distance, occupied channel bandwidth, and frame length

• Make detailed radio performance measurements

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– Measure transmitter output power – Measure receiver threshold performance – Confirm unfaded error-free performance

Some of these tasks may not be possible or practical within a bench test environment due to the nature of the remote connectivity of peripheral equipment. However, it is good practice to perform as much as possible in this environment to minimize field/installation time and troubleshooting efforts.

Detailed performance measurements are usually not required for pre-installation, but can be easily performed at this stage and may be helpful for later troubleshooting efforts or for internal records. During troubleshooting, there may often be a point at which a back-to-back bench test should be performed to verify many or all of the above items, and in the case of a suspected faulty device, to help confirm the fault and determine which end of the system is at fault and in need of repair or replacement.

Note: See Back-to-back Bench Testing for detailed instructions.

RF Output Power Setting

The maximum RF output power is bounded by one of the following criteria:

• Maximum RF output power setting capability of the radio device

• Maximum RF output power allowed/authorized by the local government regulations and for this

specific device

• Maximum effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of the transmission system allowed/

authorized by the local government regulations and for this specific device

• Desired RSL to not exceed the maximum RSL allowed by the device

• Desired RSL to minimize/eliminate interference into neighboring systems

Note: In many cases the radio must be pre-configured for legal maximum output power before connecting to the antenna and transmission system. Instructions for adjusting the output power can also be found at the rear of this guide in the EIRP section for your region.

Time Division Duplex (TDD) Factors

The ExtendAir (TDD) Series radios are very dynamic, allowing the installer to optimize and control the performance of the radio system for the intended application. The following parameters must be carefully determined during the link engineering phase:

• Link distance

• Bandwidth

• TDD frame size

• Mode (modulation)

• The setting of the above parameters determines the following performance factors:

• Number of supported T1/E1 channels (on applicable models)

• Ethernet throughput

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• System latency (delay)

Use the ExaltCalc calculator to determine optimum settings for the above parameters to meet the needs of your application.

The following generalizations can be made with regards to these factors:

• The shorter the TDD frame size, the lower the latency

• The shorter the link distance, the lower the latency, the higher the throughput

• The longer the TDD frame size, the higher the throughput

• The higher the bandwidth, the higher the capacity

• The higher the mode, the higher the capacity

Note: Disable all T1/E1 ports if there are no T1/E1 interfaces connected. This shifts all available throughput to the Ethernet interface.

Note: If a selected combination of the Link Distance, Frame Size, Bandwidth, and Mode parameters cannot support all the desired T1 or E1 ports, the ports that cannot be supported are automatically disabled. Priority is placed on the T1/E1 port number. That is, the first port to be disabled, if necessary, is the highest port number, such as Port 4. See T1/E1 Configuration Pages for more information.

Link Orientation and Synchronization

Link orientation refers to the Radio A and Radio B placement in your network. Link synchronization refers to using external or internal timing to coordinate multiple links.

For every link, one end of the radio link must be configured as Radio A, while the other end is configured as Radio B. In single-link systems, it does not matter which end of the system is mounted at which end of the link, and there is typically no requirement for any link synchronization.

Link orientation and synchronization are more important for networks with site(s) where there is more than one link of the same type or for sites using the same type of radio that are very close to each another at one or both ends.

Configure collocated radio terminals for the same link orientation. That is, configure all radios at the same location as Radio A or Radio B.

It can be advantageous to utilize link synchronization for collocated links. The radios allow the use of an optional GPS synchronization kit. This synchronization controls the transmitter and receiver frame timing so that collocated radios are transmitting at the same time and receiving at the same time. This can substantially reduce the opportunity for self-interference. Without synchronization, collocated radios may be transmitting and receiving at the same time, incurring near-end interference.

Note: It is not always necessary to synchronize collocated radios. If antennas are substantially separated or blocked from one another and/or frequency separation tuning is used, the opportunity for near-end interference can be eliminated.

When synchronization is required or desired, the follo wing configurations are recommended:

• For a two-radio network without GPS, use Internal Sync and connect a single cable between the

SYNC/RSL ports on both radios (see RSL/Sync Connector

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• For a two-radio network using GPS sync, use two GPS kits or one GPS kit and the ExaltSync

Collocation kit.

Note: Refer to the ExaltSync Collocation Expansion Kit Quick Start Guide for instructions.

• For a network of two or more radios using Internal Sync, connect using the ExaltS ync Collocation

kit.

• For a network of two or more radios using GPS Sync, connect using one GPS kit and the

ExaltSync Collocation kit, or connect using one GPS kit per link.

Radio A/B Configuration

Use the Exalt GUI to configure the radio terminals for Radio A and Radio B orientation. Since many other parameters also need to be set, and the Exalt GUI is needed for these configurations, this is the best way to completely configure the radio terminals.

Radios arrive from manufacture in default configuration, orientated as Radio B and configured as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Factory default settings

Parameter ExtendAir (TDD) Series Radio Settings

Frequency 5GHz models: 5788 MHz (5600 or 5785 MHz if the regulatory domain does not

allow 5788 MHz)

4.9GHz models: 4965 MHz

Transmit Power +4dBm

Link Distance <10 miles

Bandwidth 8 MHz (10 MHz for some regulatory domains)

Mode Mode 1

TDD Frame Size 2ms

Link Security Key 000000000000

Administration Password

User Password password

IP Address 10.0.0.1

password

IP Mask 255.0.0.0

IP Gateway 0.0.0.0

Ethernet Interface Alarm Enabled, 100/Full

T1/E1 Enabling All Disabled

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Note: In many cases, the system design will not be identical to the factory default configuration, and in some cases, these differences prohibit the installation of the radio. If at all possible, obtain a computer and configure the radio terminals using the browser-based GUI. See Exalt Graphical User Interface (GUI)

for details.

Radio Reset

Use the reset function if the IP address and/or passwords are lost. Use the following steps to perform a critical parameter reset:

1 Remove power from the radio by disconnecting the AC adapter from the power injector. 2 Hold down RESET button on the power injector while applying power.

Hold the RESET button down through the entire power cycle and monitor the DATA+POWER left LED on the power injector. Release the RESET button only after the LED is in the steady state (45 to 60 seconds).

3 Release the RESET button.

The following configurations are reset on the radio:

• IP address = 10.0.0.1

• IP mask = 255.0.0.0

• IP gateway = 0.0.0.0

• Administration password = password

• User password = password

• VLAN disabled

Radio Synchronization

The radio synchronization feature improves the performance of Exalt radios operating in the same frequency band and that are collocated (such as in repeater and hub configurations). Radio synchronization ties radio systems together to operate off of a common clock system, ensuring that all radios simultaneously transmit and receive, and thus eliminating near-field interference issues and related radio system coupling.

Synchronization Modes

Synchronization can be implemented using either one or multiple GPS sources, or using the radios 'Internal' clocking signal. The following general configurations can b e accommodated:

• GPS sync, using one GPS source (sold separately) per link. Ideal for links where the radios are not

collocated on the same rooftop or tower.

• GPS sync, using one GPS source (sold separately) to drive timing to multiple collocated links,

using one or more sync distribution accessories (sold separately). The ideal solution for networks that have multiple links at one location, but also have more nearby radio links that are not collocated, including repeaters and multi-link backbones.

• Internal sync, using one radio to synchronize another collocated link. This can be accomplished

with a simple cable and proper radio configuration, and ideal when only 2 radios are collocated.

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• Internal sync, using one radio to synchronize to multiple collocated links. This can be

accomplished with one or more sync distribution accessories (sold separately). The ideal solution for networks that have multiple links at one location and do not have other nearby links or repeaters and multi-link backbones.

Virtually any combination of hubs and repeater sites, star configurations, and/or backbones can be implemented with synchronization. It is typically necessary or ideal in each configuration to match the following parameters on every radio in the network:

• Link Distance – Match to the longest distance link in the network.

• Frame Length – Match to the lowest frame length to optimize total system latency (for example,

for TDM networks) or match to a highest frame length to optimize user throughput. Choose an intermediate value to compromise between latency and throughput.

• Mode – It is desirable, but not always necessary, to match the mode for all collocated links.

• Bandwidth – It is desirable, but not always necessary, to match the bandwidth for all collocated

links.

For complex networks, an Exalt engineer should review multi-link networks before deployment as several factors can optimize the network for desired performance.

Note: When GPS Sync is enabled, link initiation typically takes 1 to 3 minutes to allow for the radio to properly synchronize to the available GPS satellites.

Figure 4 illustrates two separate radios benefiting from synchronized GPS sources.

Figure 4 Synchronized GPS sources

Figure 5 illustrates the recommended synchronization method for two links that share a common site at one end of each link. Using internal sync, a cable can be connected between the two radios to accomplish sync. No GPS receiver is required. This approach cannot be used for more than two collocated radios.

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Figure 5 Internal Sync for two collocated radios

When more than two radio links terminate from the same site, use the sync distribution accessory, ExaltSync Collocation Kit (sold separately) to connect more links to the Internal Sync source, as shown in Figure 6. Use one kit to connect one Sync Source radio to up to three additional links. Each additional kit expands up to three additional links.

Figure 6 Internal Sync for more than two collocated radios

This approach can also be used using an Exalt GPS source for synchronization, instead of Internal Sync, as shown in Figure 7. This approach is recommended if there are other nearby sites that are not collocated or part of the connected network that need to be synchronized. Using one kit, a single GPS Antenna can synchronize up to 4 collocated links. This can be expanded 3 additional links per additional kit.

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Figure 7 GPS Sync for more than one collocated radios

Exalt Installation and Management Guide

ExtendAir (TDD) Series Digital Microwave Radios

At the far end of a synchronized link, if there are additional links to synchronize, use the Sync Out port of the Radio B to drive synchronization to the collocated radios. If there is only one additional radio, connect a cable from Sync Out to the Sync In port of the next radio, which should be configured as Radio A. Set this radio in the chain to Sync Recipient, as shown in Figure 8. If more than one radio is located at the secondary location, to drive synchronization for multiple Radio A terminals connect a

ExaltSync Collocation Kit driven from the Radio B Sync Out port.

Figure 8 Synchronization for radios in a chain

Offset Timing

For GPS implementations, manual control of offset timing is also allowed. This provides a means to delay the synchronization signal using a user-defined offset. This is helpful when Exalt radios are near other devices operating in the same frequency band that also use a timing source, such as GPS. The timing source to the Exalt radios can be adjusted to match the other radio system timing source mechanism.

Offset timing can also optimize timing intervals for repeaters and backbones. As the distance of each link results in a unique factor for speed-of-light transmission of the radio signal, a subsequent radio can be delayed in timing so that the overall synchronization of radios is precisely maintained.

Offset timing can be adjusted in 1-ms intervals, from zero to the radio’s frame length setting. For example, if using a 2-ms frame length, the offset timing can be set from zero up to 1999 ms.

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When Sync is Lost

If the primary sync source (for example, the GPS source) signal is lost due to equipment failure, a disconnected sync cable, loss of satellite link, or other condition, the radio is said to be flywheeling. When flywheeling, the radio’s clock is free-running off internal clocking and is no longer synchronized to any source. If the original sync source is restored to the flywheeling radio’s configuration, it attempts to synchronize to this signal without causing transmission interruption.

When the flywheeling radio runs independently for long periods of time, the synchronization signal may be too far outside the capture range of the synchronization loop, and portions of transmission frames can be lost during this re-synchronization process. This condition is temporary and all interconnected radios will re-synchronize to the sync source, as necessary.

If the flywheeling period is exceeded, the radio will stop transmitting. There is a setting for infinite flywheeling; however, long periods of flywheeling can cause interference with collocated radios.

Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)

VLAN segments information in a single connection and creates multiple separate connections to secure information of one type or for one set of users from other information types or for other sets of users. Exalt’s VLAN communications implementation adheres to the IEEE standard 802.1q.

In most cases, an Exalt radio acting as a Layer 2 bridge between two locations is only required to pass traffic with VLAN tagging. Without additional configuration, all Exalt radios support frame sizes in excess of 1900 bytes, which currently supports all defined VLAN packet sizes.

Note: If an application only requires the transparent passing of VLAN traffic, disable the VLAN function.

Some situations require Exalt radios to act upon VLAN traffic and perform any or all of the following functions:

• Connect specific traffic, using VLAN tagging, to different purposes, such as management traffic to

the radio’s NMS system.

• Allow only traffic with specifically assigned VLANs to pass across the link, blocking all other

VLANs or any non-VLAN traffic.

• Allow management access only through a VLAN connection, leaving the main traffic transparent.

• Allow management access without a VLAN connection, but flowing only specific VLAN traffic

across the link.

Link Symmetry

The default configuration of ExtendAir (TDD) Series radios provides 50/50 symmetrical throughput. The Tx/Rx Throughput Ratio setting enables programming different symmetry for applications where significantly higher throughput in one direction is anticipated such as for video broadcast, video aggregation, or remote server/storage WANs.

Exalt does not recommend placing two links with asymmetry back-to-back in a serial configuration due to the TDD cycle of the radios. This configuration requires that one radio transmits in an overlapping time period while another radio is receiving. Physical antenna isolation and/or frequency channel spacing may accommodate this configuration. Asymmetry is, however, ideal for single-hop, multi-link hub/spoke architectures, or simply single independent links.

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Note: Asymmetry is only supported for a specific subset of system configurations that are optimized for typical asymmetric applications.

TDD frame sizes of 2ms and 5ms are supported. The 5ms configuration maximizes the aggregate throughput of the radio for every situation. The 2ms configuration reduces latency to meet latencycritical applications, especially for multi-link and TDM circuit support. The following RF BW/mode combinations are supported for these two configurations:

• 16MHz/Mode1 (called 20MHz/Mode1 for some regulatory domains)

• 16MHz/Mode2 (called 20MHz/Mode 2 for some regulatory domains)

• 16MHz/Mode 3 (called 20MHz/Mode 3 for some regulatory domains)

• 32MHz/Mode1 (called 40MHz/Mode 1 for some regulatory domains)

• 32MHz/Mode2 (called 40MHz/Mode 2 for some regulatory domains)

• 32MHz/Mode 3 (called 40MHz/Mode 3 for some regulatory domains)

The following Tx/Rx ratios are supported for these two configurations:

• 65/35 and 35/65

• 80/20 and 20/80

Note: The 80/20 configuration is not supported for 32MHz/Mode3, because the capacity of the 100BaseT interface is fully utilized at 65/35 configuration for this setting.

For example, a radio configuration of 32MHz/Mode2 with a 5ms TDD frame size supports up to 110Mbps user capacity or 55Mbps full-duplex. By sel ecting 80/20 on one side o f the link and 20/80 on the other side, the radio allows up to 88Mbps in one direction, and 22Mbps in the opposite direction.

Note: GPS sync is supported with asymmetric settings, but in addition to the other requirements for sync, all radios tied to sync must be set with matching ratios.

T1/E1 is supported with asymmetric settings. However, based on the BW/mode setting (and in some cases, TDD frame size and distance), the direction with the limited throughput limits the number of T1 or E1 connections obtained. For example, the 16MHz/Mode1 setting typically supports up to 27Mbps aggregate throughput. In the 80/20 ratio configuration, one direction is limited to 5.4Mbps, which is less than 3xE1 and less than 4xT1. Since TDM connections must be symmetrical, this setting therefore limits throughput to no more than 2xE1 or 3xT1.

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

The Exalt radios primarily use a browser-based graphical user interface (GUI) for radio configuration and management, as described in Exalt Graphical User Interface (GUI) interface (CLI) is provided for serial and/or Telnet access, as described in Configuration and

Management. SNMP is often used for management of larger networks as described here. Use SNMP to

manage networked devices and execute the following functions:

. In addition, a command line

• GET: Obtain information from the device, such as a configuration setting or parameter.

• SET: Change a configuration setting on the device.

• TRAP: The device proactively informs the management station of a change of state, usually used

for critical alarms or warnings.

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One feature of the SNMP implementation is that system configuration changes do not take effect using the SET command. Instead, groups of configuration settings can be preconfigured for global change, and a single ‘Save’ (Commit) command implements all changes.

When some parameters are changed, a link may drop and/or management control lost. MIB files allow many parameters to be set at once, allowing only a temporarily dropped link or management control issue. The opposite end radio can be quickly reconfigured, with little downtime for the link and management control. The save (Commit) command is similar to the Update button.

Dropped links or management control issues do not occur with every parameter change. Many configuration changes do not impact traffic or management access.

Exalt radios utilize SNMPv3, a high security version of SNMP, to ensure secure access to and storing of management data. The SNMPv3 security string matches the admin and user passwords. Passwords must be eight characters or longer. Some models also have legacy SNMP support for customers requiring SNMPv1 and/or SNMPv2.

Note: MIB files can be downloaded on the File Transfer Page.

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System Installation and Initiation Process

Path & Site

Analysis

Link Design

Build Antenna

Structures &

Egress

Mount

Antennas &

Transmission

Line

Install & Test

Network &

Power Wiring

Read This

Manual

Completely

Pre-configure

Radios

Perform

Back-to-Back

Test

Mount Radios

Connect

Transmission

Line

Connect

Power

Align

Antennas to

Planned RSL

Verify LEDs

for Good Link

Test Network

Connectivity

Connect &

Test Primary

Services

Test Network Management

System

Both Transmission

System & Radio Preparation Tasks Must Be Complete

Transmission System Tasks Radio Preparation Tasks

The tasks required for radio installation and initiation are outlined in the following figure.

Exalt Installation and Management Guide

ExtendAir (TDD) Series Digital Microwave Radios

Figure 9 Radio installation tasks

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Record Keeping

After installation, record the following items for ongoing maintenance and future troubleshooting. Keep a record for each end of the radio link and store a copy of these records at the radio location, at the opposite end radio location, and a central record storage location.

• GPS coordinates for antenna locations at each site

• Antenna heights above ground level (AGL), as mounted

• Antenna model numbers, serial numbers, and specifications

• Antenna polarization as mounted

• Length/type of primary transmission lines at each site

• Model number and serial number of RF lightning arrestors

• Length/type of secondary transmission line(s)

• Transmitter output power setting as installed at each site

• RSL as measured after antenna alignment at each site

• Designed RSL per original design at each site

• RSL reading with far-end power off (from each end)

• Spectrum analyzer plot with far end off at each site

• Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)/return loss at radio’s antenna connector at each site

• Radio’s network management IP address at each site

• Radio’s network management gateway address at each site

• Radio’s operating frequency, bandwidth setting, and mode of operation

• Optionally purchased extended warranty and/or emergency service contract details

In addition, certain information may be desired for central record-keeping only:

• Link security codes and log in passwords (stored in a secure place)

• Photographs of complete installation

• End-user sign-off/acceptance documentation (if any)

• Photo of product identification label (part number, serial number, MAC address information)

• Electronic copy of radio’s configuration file

• Electronic copy of radio’s installed software

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Installation

This section presents all tasks required to install the Exalt Digital Microwave Radio.

Mechanical Configuration and Mounting

The ExtendAir (TDD) Series radios are environmentally sealed units intended for deployment outdoors. The device must be deployed within an ambient temperature range as specified, and with non-restrictive airflow around the chassis. The rc models can also be mounted in an enclosure or indoors. The same airflow and temperature conditions apply. All integrated antenna models can be mounted behind a window if window losses are considered in the link budget calculation.

Note: The power injector and power supply must be placed indoors or in an enclosure.

Provide proper clearance for all cables and connectors attached to the device. Note that for the rc models, the RF cable connector may require significant clearance for the bend

radius of the coaxial cable assembly. All RF connectors, cables, and adapters must be rated for operation within the radio’s frequency range. RF connector losses must be accounted for within the link engineering design and output power settings .

Mounting the System

Use the mounting system supplied with each terminal for wall or pole mounting (Figure 10). The pole mounting kit can accommodate a pole 2–5"/5–13cm in diameter. Install the mounting system first, and then affix the radio to the mount. The radio can also be affixed to the mount, and the entire assembly (including radio) mounted.

Figure 10 Pole-mount example (integrated antenna version)

For rc models, the mounting solution is a very simple single bracket, using the same pole-mounting band clamps with the same specifications.

For the integrated antenna model, it is critical to mount the entire device at the predetermined location for proper path clearance to the link end. Ensure that there is adequate space around the mounting system and the radio to allow for antenna alignment for both azimuth and elevation adjustments.

Note: Mount the rc models as close as possible to the antenna to minimize the length and associated losses of RF cabling.

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Radio Ports and Indicators

This section provides a brief overview of the connectors, controls, and indicators on the device. Details about each item are in other sections of this document. Figure 11 shows the connectors on the ExtendAir (TDD) Series radios.

Figure 11 ExtendAir (TDD) Series connectors (model r5000)

Connector Overview

The primary user interfaces are shown in Figure 12. Table 2 provides details of the connectors. Detailed pin structures for each connector are in Interface Connections

Table 2 Connectors

Connector Description

SYNC/RSL (1) Sync In for TDD Synchronization (from Exalt GPS or second radio or ExaltSync Collocation Kit).

(2) Sync Out for TDD Synchronization (to a second radio or through ExaltSync Collocation Kit to multiple radios).

(3) Antenna alignment RSL voltage (during installation).

TDM 2&4 Ports for up to two user T1 or E1 circuits to traverse link, port numbers 2 and 4.

TDM 1&3 Ports for up to two user T1 or E1 circuits to traverse link, port numbers 1 and 3.

Power/ETH1 Connected cables traverse to the power injector (Data+Power side), and provide the following

functions:

• Primary ports for user Ethernet data (10BaseT or 100BaseT) to traverse link

• DC power from power injector

ETH2 and ETH3 Ports for additional Ethernet connections, management and/or traffic. (xx05 models only).

(Ground) Threaded (M5) receptacle.

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Use a connector cover on all unused connectors for weatherproofing. The connector covers are included in the accessory kit. Use a safety ring on each connector to secure the connector covers.

LED Indicators

Table 3 provides details of the LED indicators on the ExtendAir (TDD) Series radios. Note that there are two LEDs, labeled top and bottom, associated with each connector. See Alarms Page information on how the Exalt GUI displays LED status.

Table 3 LED indicators

Location Type Function

GPS/RSL Top

GPS/RSL Bottom

TDM 2&4 Top

TDM 2&4 Bottom

TDM 1&3 Top

TDM 1&3 Bottom

ETH2 or ETH3 Top

ETH2 or ETH3 Bottom

Power/ETH1 Green LED Solid when proper power is applied. Power/ETH1

Bottom

Green LED Solid when valid GPS connection is detected.

Green LED Unused

Green LED Solid when T1 clocking is present for input #2.

Green LED Solid when T1 clocking is present for input #4.

Green LED Solid when T1 clocking is present for input #1.

Green LED Solid when T1 clocking is present for input #3.

Green LED Unused

Green LED Solid when valid when Ethernet Link is present.

Blinking when Ethernet traffic is present.

Green LED Solid when Ethernet link is established.

Blinking when Ethernet traffic is present.

Power Injector

for

DATA+POWER Left

DATA+POWER Right

Green LED Solid when no alarm conditions are present.

Flashing when in alarm condition. While RESET button is pressed: Solid when in major alarm condition (traffic affecting). Flashing when in minor alarm condition (not traffic affecting). Off when no alarm conditions are present.

Green LED Solid when proper power is applied.

RESET Button

There is only one external control on the ExtendAir (TDD) Series radios system, a button labeled “RESET” which is located on the Power Injector. This button performs two functions: critical system parameter reset and summary alarm information.

Use the reset function if the IP address and/or passwords are lost. Use the following steps to perform a critical parameter reset:

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1 Remove power from the radio by disconnecting the AC adapter from the power injector. 2 Hold down RESET button on the power injector while applying power.

Hold the RESET button down through the whole power cycle and monitor the DATA+POWER left LED on the power injector. Release the RESET button only after the LED is in the steady state (1 to 3 minutes, depending on firmware installed).

3 Release the RESET button.

The following configurations are reset on the radio:

• IP address = 10.0.0.1

• IP mask = 255.0.0.0

• IP gateway = 0.0.0.0

• Administration password = password

• User password = password

• VLAN = disabled

A flashing left DATA+POWER LED on the power injector indicates that alarm conditions exist on the radio. To access summary alarm information during normal operation, press and hold the RESET button. The following is status for the left the DATA+POWER LED while holding the RESET:

• Solid on is a link alarm (link is down or errored)

• Flashing indicates a minor alarm (does not affect traffic)

Power

The radio requires a DC power source within specifications. DC can be provided from a DC battery source, central lab/rack supply, or from the supplied AC adapter.

Note: Read this section completely before applying power.

Terminating the RF Connectors (rc models)

Before applying power, the RF connectors must be properly terminated into a 50-Ohm load. If this is not performed, the radio may be damaged by simply applying power. Also, there are human safety factors to consider regarding potentially harmful RF radiation.

The following lists a few simple ways to achieve proper termination:

• Connect a 50-Ohm coaxial termination device to the RF port of the radio. The termination must be

rated to 1W (or more). Example(s) include: – Broadwave Technologies P/N 552-200-002, or similar

• Connect the complete transmission system. That is, the RF cabling including the antenna. The

cabled antenna provides a proper termination for the RF output.

• Connect a fixed (or a series of fixed) 50-Ohm attenuator(s) to the RF connector, either directly or

at the end of an RF transmission line. The attenuator must be at least 30dB as specified at the operating frequency and rated for a minimum of 1W input power. Examples inclu de:

– Broadwave Tech nologies P/N 352-103-xxx

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– Bird 2-A-MFN-xx – JFW Industries 50FP-xxx-H6-N

Cover any unused connector with the connector cap and apply the weather-seal tape. Both cap and tape are included in the accessory kit.

Optional AC Power

The optional AC power injector kit easily connects to the customer-supplied CAT5e PoE cable. Refer to the input voltage requirements stated on the label affixed to the adapter to ensure that the adapter can be used with the AC mains supply.

The AC plug outlet provided with the adapter may need to be replaced to match the country configuration. The adapter cable uses a standard connector for this cable for use of a pre-wired cable appropriate to the outlet configuration. If the appropriate cable is not available, the existing AC plug end can be severed and a replacement plug affixed. Consult a qualified electrician for this activity.

Do not plug the adapter into the mains power. First, verify that the RF connector is properly terminated (see Power mains can be turned off using a switch, disable the power, plug the AC side of the adapter into the AC mains socket, and then enable power to the circuit. If the AC mains cannot be turned off, plug in to the AC main socket to apply power.

), and then plug in the radio-side connector from the AC adapter to the radio. If the AC

Verify that the radio is active by observing LED activity on the injector and radio. All LEDs on the radio flash at initial power cycle.

Exalt strongly recommends that the AC mains supply be fused or on a separate breaker to ensure against over-voltage and/or over-current situations and to provide some form of protection to the radio electronics and other devices connected to the same supply. In addition, if the AC power is subject to significant spikes or variation, power conditioning is a worthwhile investment, as the quality of mains power may have a direct impact on the device operation, performance and/or reliability. An Uninterruptible Power Source (UPS) or other form of battery-backed system protects against brownout and black-out conditions, and condition the power presented to the adapter.

Evaluate the opportunity for lightning or other similar surges to be present on the powering system, including the ability for surges to couple to the power wiring system. If an evaluation indicates that there is a potential likelihood for these conditions to occur, additional surge protection is recommended for the input power wiring, especially to protect the radio electronics between the adapter and the radio’s DC input connector.

The above statement is similarly true for every wired connection to the device. While the configuration for surge suppression or line conditioning is of a different type for each kind of signal interface, the opportunity for damage to the device, loss of communications and property is significant. In some cases, there can also be a risk to human life by not protecting against lightning entering a building through wiring or improper grounding. If you do not have experience in this type of installation practice, consult a qualified electrician and/or telecoms professional during the installation and wiring of the equipment.

Optional DC Power Injector

The ExtendAir (TDD) Series radios use a power injector (sold separately) to send DC power to the radio over the CAT5e cable, and including the Ethernet connections. Figure 12 shows the power injector connectors that connect the AC adapter (included with the system) and the radio.

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Figure 12 Power injector connectors

1 Connect the network Ethernet connection to the DATA connection of the power injector. 2 Connect the cable for the radio to the DATA+POWER connection of the power injector. 3 Ground the power injector using the grounding receptacle. The injector can also be mount wall

using the bottom panel brackets.

CAT5e Lightning/Surge Protection

To provide for human safety and for the safety of connected network equipment, it is highly recommended to place a weatherproof lightning suppression device at the egress point where the CAT5e cable(s) enter the building, shelter, or cabinet.

To protect the radio equipment, install a weatherproof lightning suppression device near the radio for all connected CAT5e cables.

For the Power/Ethernet cable, specific voltage requirements must be met. The following devices are the only devices currently recommended:

• Polyphaser IXG-05

• Transtector ALPU 1101-959

• Transtector ALPU 1101-898

• Transtector ALPU-1000BT-R

• Transtector ALPU-EXLT

• Transtector ALPU-90v

Use a short CAT5e cable for the connection between the radio and the first arrestor. Use bulk outdoorrated CAT5e cable for the longer run between arrestors, and indoor- or outdoor-rated cable with a standard CAT5e termination for the connection from the egress arrestor and power injector.

If the radio arrestor is deleted from the design, Exalt resellers can supply a longer cable with the proper weatherproof connector for the connection from the radio to the egress arrestor.

Apply this same method for the TDM connections. There are no special requirements for lightning arrestors. Vendors, such as Transtector and Polyphaser, offer single and multiple TDM weatherproof arrestors. Note that each connector on the radio can carry up to 2 TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) connections.

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Note: Use only outdoor-rated UV-resistant CAT5e cable. This cable must have an outer diameter between 0.25"/6.35 mm and 0.31"/7.87mm. Belden 1300A is recommended. Securely hand-tighten all connectors on the ODU to ensure a weatherproof seal.

Reset to Critical Factory Settings

If necessary, the radio terminal may be reset to critical factory settings. This may be necessary if the IP address and/or passwords for the system are not known. All other configurations are left at their current settings. If a complete default factory configuration is desired, load the Default Configuration File into the system, as described in System Configuration Page

The following parameters are configured after a reset to critical factory settings:

• IP Address = 10.0.0.1

• IP Mask = 255.0.0.0

• IP Gateway = 0.0.0.0

• Administration password = password

• User password = password

• VLAN = disabled

Antenna/Transmission System

This section provides guidance to mounting and connecting the RF transmission system, which consists of the antenna, RF cabling, and RF lightning arrestors. Consult the manufacturer’s instructions for proper mounting, grounding, and wiring of these devices, and for definitive direction. These manufacturer’s instructions supersede any information in this section. See Table 7 supported antennas.

Initial Antenna Mounting (rc models)

The antenna must be an exact model recommended by the path and site planning engineer(s). Mount the antenna at the proper height, mast/mounting location and polarization orientation as determined by the path and site planning engineer(s). The model type, location, and orientation of the antenna is critical with respect to achieving proper path clearance, as well as to mitigate external or selfinterference from nearby or collocated systems operating in or near the same frequency band.

Warning! Mount the antenna in a restricted area and in a manner preventing long-term human exposure to the transmitted RF energy. To comply with FCC and Industry Canada regulations, the minimum safe distance from the antenna for continuous human exposure is 10'/3m.

The antenna structure must be secure and safe with respect to the mounting of the antenna, transmission system weight, radio housing, and the combined weight of any personnel that may climb or attach to the structure.

for a list of

The combined weight of items and forces on the structure must be carefully considered in the design and construction of the structure. This must include the weight bearing on the structure in the highest wind conditions possible in the region, and with respect to all objects affixed to the structure.

If additional objects are affixed to the structure in the future, it may be important to evaluate both the mechanical impact of these planned additions (with respect to wind and weight loading), as well as the

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potential impact to RF interference and frequency coordination (if additional radio equipment is anticipated). This is especially important if future equipment is likely to operate within the same frequency band.

Once the antenna is mounted, cabled, and aligned, your goal is to never require modification. This prior planning is important in the path and site planning stages and in construction of the antenna structure.

Follow the antenna manufacturer’s instructions for mechanical mounting of the antenna. Ensure that there is enough room around the antenna for alignment activities (moving the antenna in vertical and horizontal arcs), and for the RF transmission line to connect to the antenna connector unobstructed and within the specified bend radius requirements of the transmission line.

At this point, the antenna mounts should be fully secure to the structure, the feed of the antenna securely mounted to the antenna (if the feed is a separate assembly), and the azimuth and elevation adjustments not completely tightened in preparation of the antenna alignment activity. It is a good practice to connect the transmission line to the antenna connector as early in the process as possible, to reduce the opportunity for debris or moisture to enter either the antenna connector or the transmission line connector. Use a connector cover or other temporary measures to ensure that th e conn ector is kept clear. Take extra care if the antenna is installed during inclement weather to ensure that no moisture gets inside the antenna connector at any time.

Now the antenna can be aimed in the general direction required for the link. Use a compass, a reference bearing, binoculars or any other similar device to point the antenna in the direction (generally) of the far end radio, and then slightly tighten the azimuth and elevation adjustments so that the antenna maintains its general position and is safe to be left without additional securing. Refer to the Exalt white paper, Antenna Alignment, for more information on antenna alignment techniques.

Transmission Line from Antenna to Radio (rc models)

Most installations use a very short length of coaxial transmission line for the connection between the antenna and the radio device. Coaxial transmission line can either have a solid or braided shield. Solidshield cables are more resistant to external signal coupling and interference, but are generally stiffer than braided cables. Consult the path or site engineer(s) to ensure that the proper materials are chosen for the installation and that all factors were considered.

Generally, the larger the diameter of the transmission line, the lower the loss. So for longer runs of transmission line, larger diameter cables are highly advised. However, at every frequency, there is a maximum diameter cable that supports the operating frequency. Verify the specifications. This should is determined in the path and site planning process.

Table 4 lists representative samples of transmission line types recommended for the Exalt Digital Microwave Radio.

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Table 4 Recommended transmission line

Manufacturer Type Description Loss at 4.9GHz Loss at 5.3GHz Loss at 5.8GHz

Andrew LDF4-50 1/2-inch solid shield 5.6dB/100' 5.7dB/100' 6.0dB/100' Andrew LDF4.5-50 5/8-inch solid shield N/A 4.4dB/100' 4.7dB/100' Times LMR-600 1/2-inch braided shield 6.8dB /100' 6.9dB/100' 7.3dB/100' Times LMR-900 5/8-inch braided shield N/A 4.6dB/100' 4.9dB/100' RFS LCF12-50J 1/2-inch soli d shield 5.5dB/100' 5.6dB/100' 5.9dB/100' RFS LCF12-58J 5/8-inch soli d shield N/A 4.5dB/100' 4.8dB/100'

It is critical that the transmission line and antenna be capable of supporting the same type of connector, or easily adapted. It can be important to minimize the number of connectors and adapters, and it is ideal that they match directly without adaptation. In most cases, transmission line allows for N-type male connectors and antennas have N-type female connectors.

If possible, connect the primary transmission line directly to the antenna. It is desired to have the fewest possible pieces of transmission line in the system, to minimize losses and points of failure from connectors. The antenna can typically accommodate a direct connection if planned in advance. Use a 90º adapter for the connection to the antenna, if necessary, but confirm that all connectors and transmission lines are properly specified for the operating frequency with minimum loss, proper impedance (50 Ohm) and proper VSWR characteristics.

Transmission line connector termination is a critical element of the installation. Many ‘factory built’ RF transmission lines do not provide the proper characteristics for proper transmission, despite their published specifications, often due to the fully or semi-automated process of factory termination, which may not have considered the frequency of your system. When buying pre-terminated transmission line, it is strongly advised to obtain the documentation of test measurements on the connected transmission line showing that the loss characteristics and VSWR are within the specified limits specifically at your operating frequency. In addition to factory-built transmission line, selfterminated transmission line can suffer the same issues.

Caution: Always follow the manufacturer’s termination process EXACTLY, and only use the manufacturer’s authorized tools and connectors for a given transmission line type.

The manufacturers of transmission line typically offer instruction and certification for transmission line termination, and may also provide videos illustrating the process. There is no amount of extra care, education, precision, and effort that can be overstated for this process.

There is often a need for a small excess of transmission line near the antenna to accommodate both the need for extra slack as the antenna is loosened and moved for the alignment process, and to accommodate a drip loop for the transmission line and the initial transmission line securing hardware and grounding near the antenna. In addition, the transmission line is typically very stiff, and can provide undue pulling force on the antenna or radio connector. Take care to align the cable with the connector so that it does not provide any torque or strain on the connector.

Consult your transmission line manufacturer for the proper transportation, hoisting, securing, and grounding process. Always be very mindful of the entire length of transmission line to ensure that the transmission line is never twisted, kinked, or over-bent beyond the specified bend radius. Onc e a

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transmission line is over-bent or kinked, it will likely never recover its specified characteristics, even after straightening, and will often be completely unusable.

The opposite end of this primary transmission line typically terminates at the radio connector. If using a long transmission line (in excess of 3'/1m), an RF lightning arrestor is recommended to protect the radio equipment.

As soon as practical, weatherproof the connected ends of the transmission line to the antenna and lightning arrestor and radio. This process should be delayed as long as possible to ensure that all systems are working properly before applying the weatherproofing. Once weatherproofing is applied, it may have to be removed for testing or installation modification. With this in mind, if the installation is occurring during inclement weather, take extra care at all times to ensure that no moisture enters any connector at any time. If moisture is suspected to have compromised the antenna or transmission line, it may render those devices useless without any means for remedy except for full replacement.

Cap and weatherproof the second antenna connector on the radio if using a single-polarity antenna.

Indoor Mounting

On rare occasions the antenna can be mounted indoors behind a window. In these cases, there would not be a need for drip loops or an RF lightning arrestor. Use a very short transmission line connected directly between the antenna and the radio mounted nearby. The weatherproofing process can also be omitted.

RF Lightning Arrestor

RF lightning arrestors provide a direct path to ground for lightning strikes that may couple to or directly hit the outdoor transmission system or antenna structure. The RF lightning arrestor prevents any associated voltage and current from entering the radio equipment, other equipment, or humans.

The following lightning arrestors are examples of proper devices for Exalt Digital Microwave Radios:

• Polyphaser AL-LSXM

• Citel PRC5800

Mount and ground the RF lightning arrestor in accordance to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Place it as close as possible to the radio equipment. Minimize the distance to the radio to lessen the opportunity for lightning to couple to or strike the unprotected section of transmission line (if any). Consult a qualified electrician or installer in all cases of grounding and lightning arrestor implementation.

Antenna Alignment

Antennas must be installed at both ends of the planned link to commence precision alignment. Refer to the Exalt white paper, Antenna Alignment. The ExtendAir (TDD) Series radios have an integrated antenna.

Antennas are typically aligned using the radio hardware for precise alignment. However, there are many very useful tools available to aid in this process, inclusive of devices specifically designed for the purpose of aligning antennas. Some examples are:

• XL Microwave Path Align-R

• Teletronics 17-402

Use of these devices may be extremely advantageous as compared to using the radio, because they employ many unique facilities to aid in this process. Using these tools also makes it possible to align

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the antennas before the radio equipment is delivered. However, many installers successfully use the radios as the means for antenna alignment.

The following are the primary facilities when using the radio to align the antenna:

• RSL voltage connection using a volt meter (recommended)

Insert the included adapter into the GPS connector on the radio housing and the opposite end connected to a volt meter.

The RSL test point DC voltage is inversely proportional and numerically calibrated to the received signal level. The voltage rises as the antennas are less in alignment, and falls as antennas are more in alignment. The voltage measurement corresponds to the received signal level in measurements of dBm (a negative number for RSL measurements). For example, an RSL of -60dBm yields an RSL voltage measurement of 0.60VDC; an RSL of –45dBm measures 0.45VDC.

• Audio alignment buzzer

Enable the audio alignment buzzer through the Exalt GUI. When enabled, the radio enclosure emits a sound. The pitch rises when higher (better) levels of RSL are achieved. Align the antennas until the highest pitch is accomplished. The tone is continuous when the two ends of the radio system are in communication. Otherwise, the buzzer beeps.

• Exalt GUI RSL reading indicates the current RSL in dBm.

Note: There is a slight delay in RSL readings in the GUI as the RSL levels change. In this case, fine alignment can be done in small adjustments allowing a small gap of time so that the impact of the adjustment on the GUI display catches up to real time.

Note: Only use the browser-based GUI for antenna alignment if there are no other means available. If this method is required, refer to Exalt Graphical User Interface (GUI) reading can be read on a PC or any handheld computing d evice that supports an HTML browser and Ethernet connectivity.

. The RSL

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Configuration and Management

This section describes the command line interface (CLI) and Exalt graphical user interface (GUI).

Telnet into the Command Line Interface (CLI)

Use a Telnet connection to access the CLI in the Exalt Digital Microwave Radios. Use the CLI to set key parameters on the system.

Connect to the Radio in a Telnet Session

Make the Telnet connection to the radio through the Ethernet port. Use Windows and perform the following steps:

1 Open a command prompt or MS-DOS prompt (Start>Run). 2 Type C:\>Telnet <IP Address> at the command line:

The default IP address is

Note: The accessing computer must be on the same IP subnet as the radio. If the radio has DHCP enabled on the PoE port (see Ethernet Interface Configuration Page default setting for a radio shipped from Exalt, and your computer's Ethernet port is set for DHCP addressing, the radio will configure your computer to 10.0.0.2, and no manual IP configuration is required for your computer.

10.0.0.1

), which is the

Telnet

Use Telnet when prompted to enter the administration level login and password. The default administration login is admin and password is password. It is recommended that the default administration password be reset by performing a radio reset (see Reset to Critical Factory Settings

Figure 13 shows the three menu choices available after log in.

Figure 13 CLI main menu

The following selections can be made on all screens:

• 0 = back to previous screen

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• 9 = help

• Ctrl+\ (control and backslash keys) = exit session

Exalt Graphical User Interface (GUI)

The Exalt GUI is the primary user interface for configuring and troubleshooting the radio and radio system. A computer or hand-held device with a conventional HTML browser and Ethernet port is required. Microsoft Internet Explorer is the preferred browser. Firefox, Chrome and Safari are also supported.

Preparing to Connect

If the radios are new, both radios are preconfigured as Radio B, and have the same IP address. The initial priority is to configure one radio to Radio A and assign different IP addresses, unique to each radio. There are two ways to change the IP address:

1 Reset the radio to the critical default factory settings (see Radio Reset). 2 Connect to the GUI using the default IP address (10.0.0.1), and change the IP address through the

GUI interface.

Note: To connect to the radio’s Ethernet port and use the GUI interface, the accessing computer must match the radio’s IP address subnet. It is therefore necessary to either change the radio’s IP address through the CLI to match the subnet of the computer, or change the computer’s IP address to match the subnet of the radio (such as, a computer IP address of

10.0.0.10 if trying to connect to a radio set to the factory default IP address of 10.0.0.1). If the radio has DHCP enabled on the PoE port (see Ethernet Interface Configuration Page

), which is the default setting for a radio shipped from Exalt, and your computer's Ethernet port is set for DHCP addressing, the radio will configure your computer to 10.0.0.3, and no manual IP configuration is required for your computer.

To configure a radio as Radio A, connect to the GUI and change the configuration, as discussed in this section.

Make Connections

It is recommended that one radio at a time be configured, on a bench, before taking the radios to the field for installation:

• (rc models only) Terminate the RF connector with a 50-Ohm termination or a fixed attenuator of at

least 20dB (see Power

Note: Do not connect the radios in a back-to-back configuration. If the radios are set to their factory default settings, both radios are configured as Radio B and cannot communicate. Both radios also have the same IP address, which causes IP address conflicts

Note: The IP address subnet of the accessing computer must match the radio’s IP address subnet to connect using Ethernet.

Once connected to the radio using Ethernet, log in to the Exalt GUI.

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Log In

Use the following steps to log in to the Exalt GUI.

1 Open a browser window.

Microsoft Internet Explorer is the recommended browser. Netscape, Mozilla, and Firefox are also supported. If there are issues with your browser, please report it to Exalt Customer Care. You may be required to use a different browser to immediately overcome issues.

2 Type the IP address of the radio in the address bar.

Figure 14 Initiating the browser connection

The following window displays after pressing the Enter key or clicking the Go button in the browser window.

Figure 15 Browser Login screen

Login Privileges

There are two levels of login privileges:

• Administrator (admin) – assigned complete permissions to view, edit, and configure

• User (user) – assigned limited, view-only permissions with no edit or configuration rights

The default login names and passwords are as follows:

Table 5 Default login information

Privilege level User name Default password

Administrator admin password User user password

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Administrator login credentials are required for configuration purposes. Type the user name and passwords for Administrator level and click OK. The following screen displays.

Figure 16 Radio Information page

Quick Start

To establish a link on the bench, apply the following basic configurations to the radio terminal. Use the steps in the Quick Start Guide included with the radio. A summary of the items that need to be configured are:

• Radio IP address for each end.

– Each end must have a different IP address and cannot match the accessing computer’s IP

address or any address assigned if radios are part of a larger network.

– It may be required to change the IP address of the accessing computer after changing the IP

address of the radio so that the IP subnet matches.

– The radio IP address is listed on the Administration Settings Page

• Install the Regulatory Domain Key (RDK) for RDK-enabled radios only.

– The radio is non-functional without the RDK. – RDK is entered on the Administration Settings page. – RDK references the unit’s serial number and the country/region where the radio will be

deployed.

– RDK is obtained through your Exalt Authorized reseller or distributor.

• Set one radio as Radio A.

– The radio selected as Radio A must be configured. – Radio A/B selection is the Endpoint Identifier parameter on the System Configuration Page

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SUMMARY STATUS

NAVIGATION PANE

MAIN WINDOW

LINK TO

REMOTE RADIO

ExtendAir (TDD) Series Digital Microwave Radios

– Even though both radios are set as Radio B by default, confirm this configuration on the radio

intended to be Radio B.

If all other parameters are still configured at their factory default settings, the radios can now be connected back-to-back to verify that the link is communicating and perform any other desired tests. See Back-to-back Bench Testing

for test information.

Note: Click the Update button to save changes on any page. Also on all pages until saved, changed fields display with an orange background.

Navigating the GUI

describes each page of the GUI. Most configuration parameter settings are

intuitive. The following link parameters must match at both ends for the link to communicate:

• Link Security Key (Administration Settings Page)

• Bandwidth (System Configuration Page)

• RF Frequency (System Configuration page)

• Link Distance (System Configuration page)

• TDD Frame Size (System Configuration page)

Note: Changing any of these parameters causes a temporary loss of link. The GUI displays a warning and provides an opportunity to cancel changes.

Navigating the GUI

The GUI provides the primary interface for all configuration and management. There are three sections of the main GUI window:

• Summary status information section (upper-left corner)

• Navigation panel

• Main window

Figure 17 Exalt GUI window description

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Summary Status Section

This section of the Exalt GUI provides a review of the system status.

Click the radio IP address link to access that radio for management.

In the screens in Figure 17, the top bar illustrates the alarm condition of the link. The information inside the bar is equivalent to the entry of the Link Name set by the administrator in the Administration

Settings Page.

The color of the panel indicates alarm status:

• Green indicates the system is communicating and all functions are normal

• Yellow indicates a minor non-traffic affecting alarm condition

• Red indicates a major traffic affecting alarm condition

The left panel summarizes the alarm conditions of the local radio (the radio that matches the IP address). The information displayed is the IP address and the endpoint identifier (Radio A or Radio B). The right panel summarizes the alarm conditions of the remote radio (the radio linked to the local radio).

Note: The ‘local’ radio might be the near-end or the far-end radio, depending on the management interface connection. The terms local and remote refer to the orientation of the radio terminals relative to the IP address you are managing. When making certain changes to a near-end radio without first making changes to the far-end radio, the link may become disconnected unless configuration changes are reverted to their original settings. When making changes that may disrupt the link,

always change the far-end radio first, and

then the near-end radio to match.

The Summary Status Section allows the Exalt GUI to be a rudimentary management system. Minimize the browser window to display just the top bar or the top bar and radio information, and open several browsers on the desktop. When a window status changes to yellow or red, you can quickly maximize that window to determine the issues.

Figure 18 Summary status information

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Navigation Panel

In the navigation panel, pages with sub-pages have a plus (+) to the left of the pa ge link. Click t he plus sign or page name title to view sub-page titles. The pages can be collapsed to hide the sub-pages when a minus (–) sign appears to the left of the page link.

Management pages are indicated with an X to the left of the page name. Click the X or page name to display the page within the main window.

then the near-end radio to match

always change the far-end radio first, and

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Radio Information Page

This page provides general information about the local radio terminal. This information is helpful for troubleshooting and for record keeping.

Figure 19 Radio Information page

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Administration Settings Page

This page allows contains general parameters for the radio system. The Current Value column lists entries actual settings. Desired changes are entered in the New Value column.

After all desired changes are entered, click the

Update button to accept and enable changes.

Figure 20 Administration Settings page

Most entries on this page are self-explanatory. The following lists unique or important parameters.

• Fill in the date and time fields as soon as practical. Events are captured with time/date stamps,

which is valuable information for troubleshooting.

• Set the Link Security Key to something other than the factory default setting (12 characters, all

zeros) at each end. The link security key must match at both sides of the link. If the security key remains at the factory setting, the radio link is open to sabotage by a party with the same radio model. Each link should have a unique security key. If using the same security key for every link in the network, the radio could link to any other radio with the same security key. This is problematic in multi-radio networks.

– Note that the security key must be exactly 12 characters. Any printable ASCII character can be

used. The link security key is case sensitive.

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Note: Changing the link security key interrupts transmission until the opposite end is changed to match.

Always change the far-end radio first, and then change the near-end

radio.

– Reset the admin and user passwords. These passwords should not match. If the admin

password remains at the factory default setting, it provides an opportunity for random reassignment by a network-connected user.

– The new password must be entered twice. If the passwords do not match and the Update

button clicked, the password is not changed and remains set to the previous password.

• Enter the license key provided by Exalt to access extended features or diagnostic capabilities.

Click

Update to accept the changes and enable the new features. License keys are issued by radio

serial number, so ensure that the license key used was issued for this particular radio.

• For some models, the Regulatory Domain Key establishes the frequency bands, tuning

frequencies, bandwidths, output power and Dynamic Frequency Selection accordance with the regulations that apply in the country where the product is deployed. The RDK must be typed in to enable ANY functionality for the radio. The RDK is issued to the Exalt Authorized distributor or reseller, and is paired to the specific serial number of the radio.

(DFS) requirements, in

• AES Advance Encryption Standard) can be implemented to provide additional data security for the

wireless link. This function requires an upgrade license key (purchased separately). Both radios in the link must have a valid AES upgrade license key to implement AES. Different bit-length encryption license keys (for example, 128-bit and 256-bit) are also av ail able, depe nding on mode l type. If the required upgrade license key is present, simply insert a matching ASCII string on both terminals and select the Enable AES On option for AES encryption. Note that similar to the administration and user passwords, the AES string must be entered twice for each terminal.

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NTP and Time Zones Configurations Page

Use this page to set the Network Time Protocol (NTP), number of NTP client(s), and local time zone.

Figure 21 NTP and Time Zones Configurations page

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Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Configuration

Use SNMP to manage networked devices and execute the following functions:

• GET: Obtain information from the device, such as a configuration setting or parameter.

• SET: Change a configuration setting on the device.

• TRAP: The device proactively informs the management station of a change of state, usually used

for critical alarms or warnings.

Figure 22 SNMP Configuration page

Dropped links or management control issues do not occur with every parameter change. Many configuration changes do not impact traffic or management access.

ExtendAir radios utilize SNMPv3, a high security version of SNMP, to ensure secure access to and storing of management data. The SNMPv3 security string matches the admin and user passwords. Passwords must be eight characters or longer.

The SNMP MIBs are organized similar to the GUI. Become familiar with the GUI before using the SNMP function.

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SNMP v1/v2c/v3 Support Options

Enable the SNMPv1/v2c options to allow entering read and read/write community strings.

Note: Users are encouraged to avoid enabling SNMPv1/V2c support due to known security loopholes in these protocols.

Enable the SNMPv3 options to allow entering read and read/write user names and passwords. These entries are de-coupled from the standard radio user names and passwords. SNMPv3 pro vides full management security.

SNMP Traps

SNMP traps alert the central network management system with important issues about the radio system. Trap filters are set on the Traps Configuration page (). Not all i-Series radios support SNMP traps. Consult the release notes for more information.

Trap support for all versions of SNMP are provided and can be independently enabled. Enter the IP address to which the traps are directed in the Trap Destination IP Address field. The AUX port (or the MAIN port when using in-band management) must be connected to the network to allow trap information to reach the designated IP address. In a bridged network, this may not require special network settings. In a routed network, the connected router must have a defined path for the IP address.

Figure 23 Trap Configuration page

Note: The Update button must be clicked to save any changes to this page.

The following traps are available:

• Authentication Trap: This is an SNMP standard trap when password information for SNMP is

incorrect. This can help identify unwanted intrusions into the management system and for diagnosis of SNMP issues for valid users.

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• Radio Reboot Trap: This trap is sent after any radio reboot to inform the manager of the reboot

status.

• Local/Remote Link Status Trap: This trap is sent when Link is in errored state (equivalent to the

Link LED on the radio front panel or the Link status bar in the upper-left of the Exalt GUI window).

• Local/Remote Status Trap: This trap is sent when Status is in errored state (equivalent to the Status

LED on the front panel or the radio status box in the upper-left of the Exalt GUI window).

• Local RSL Status Trap: This trap is sent when the local RSL drops below the value set in the

Threshold Value (dBm) field. Buffers are provided so that continuous traps are not sent if the RSL is bouncing near the set threshold value. This trap is reset only if the RSL rises to 3dBm above the set threshold value and then drops below that value. Exalt recommends that this trap be set to a value 5dBm or 10dBm above the threshold as a warning that the system has faded and may be approaching an outage.

• Temperature Status Trap: This trap is sent when the internal temperature reaches the warning

point. This conveys that the external temperature control is in a fault state. Buffers are applied to this trap to avoid multiple traps when the temperature remains near the warning point.

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File Management Pages File Transfer Page

This page allows the administrator to upload and download files to and from the radio. Three types of files can be uploaded: configuration, radio firmware, and Regulatory Domain Database (RDD).

uploading Configuration Files, current configuration parameters are immediately overwritten, and the unit automatically reboots. When uploading radio firmware files, the file

is placed into reserve memory space. After the new radio firmware file uploads, use the File Activation page to enable the files (see File Activation Page

When

Figure 24 File Transfer page

Note: Issues with the RDK may be caused when the Regulatory Domain Database (RDD) is not up to date. Go to the Exalt Web site to download the current RDD

Up to four types of files can be downloaded: configuration, radio firmware, radio event log, and MIB. The MIB file refers to the Management Information Base related to the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) function, and is only available on models which support SNMP. See Simple

Network Management Protocol (SNMP) for more information.

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Note: Check the File Activation Page before uploading radio firmware files. New file uploads overwrite the secondary file location. If important files reside in the primary or secondary file location, download them before uploading the new files. Only the active radio firmware file can be downloaded. Therefore, to download the reserve file, it must first be activated (using the Swap button). See File Activation Page can be viewed on the Radio Information Page

. The current radio firmware and RDD versions

Use the following steps to download a file.

1 Select the type of file to download (configuration or radio firmware). 2 Click the Download button and wait for the radio to prepare the file for download.

For the MIB file download, a second page/link appears (Figure 25).

3 Left-click the link on the page to download the file to a desired location.

Figure 25 File Transfer page—download file link

File download and upload is useful when configuring several radios with similar settings. A copy of the configuration file can also help restore radio settings. In addition, a copy of the Exalt default configuration file is helpful to restore the radio to factory settings.

Note: Do not change the name of any download file. The configuration file must be named config.nv. To keep track of multiple configuration files, use a folder naming system or temporarily rename the file, however, it must be named config.nv before it can be uploaded to a radio. Never change radio firmware file names under any circumstances.

If copying the same configuration file into multiple radios, some parameters will match and that may be undesirable. However, it may be easier to change just a subset of parameters rather than every parameter. The following parameters can cause problems or confu sion if they match at each of a link:

• Radio Name

• Endpoint Identifier

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• IP Address

• IP Subnet Mask

• Default Gateway

The following parameters can match at both ends of the link:

• Link Name

• Link Security Key (although each link should be different)

• Admin and User passwords

• Bandwidth

• RF Frequency

• Link Distance

• TDD Frame Size

• T1/E1 configurations

• Ethernet configurations

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File Activation Page

Use this page to move stored or uploaded files for use on the radio. The page indicates which file is currently in use, and which file is available for use. Click the Swap button to place the file in the Alternative File column into the active state and move the file in the Current File column to the Alternative File column.

Figure 26 File Activation page

Note: In all cases, the radio reboots after a new file is selected using the Swap function. This places the radio out of service for a short time.

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System Configuration Page

This page contains several critical system parameters.

Figure 27 System Configuration page

Note: For models requiring a Regulatory Domain Key (RDK), you must enter a valid RDK to edit this page.

Most entries on this page are self-explanatory. The following lists unique or important parameters.

• Set the Endpoint Identifier so that one end of the link is set to Radio A and the opposite end set to

Radio B. In single-link networks, it is unimportant which end is designated A or B. In multi-link networks, however, it may be important to orient the links so that at any collocation site (where there are multiple radios of the same type at the same site), all radios are set to the same Endpoint Identifier (A or B). See Link Orientation and Synchronization

Note: Changing the Endpoint Identifier parameter requires a reboot of the radio to take effect. The reboot temporarily interrupts traffic.

• Set the Radio Transmit Power (dBm) parameter to the designed level. The professional installer

sets this value or dictates the value of this setting to the system administrator following the system design and local regulations. In many cases, this value must be set to a proper value to comply with legal restrictions. Improper values can result in liability to the user and/or installer.

Note: Changing Radio Transmit Power may temporarily interrupt traffic. Small changes in output power do not normally interrupt traffic, but larger changes may.

– Do not adjust the Radio Transmit Power parameter to a value higher than is legally allowed. – Do not adjust the Radio Transmit Power parameter lower than the link budget and fade margin

can afford.

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Note: The link may be lost and unrecoverable through GUI control. If the link is lost due to reduction of Radio Transmit Power, travel to the radio location(s) may be required to reset the value.

• Set the Bandwidth (MHz) parameter to the designed level. The value of this is determined in the

design/engineering stage. The Bandwidth parameter must also match at both ends of the link. In conjunction with the Mode parameter, the Bandwidth parameter directly relates to the capacity, latency, and the number of TDM circuits supported. The transmitter and receiver bandwidth are modified using this parameter, making it critical that it be set with respect to the local RF noise and interference profile, and/or in relation to any multi-link network design.

Note: Changing Bandwidth will temporarily interrupt traffic. The Bandwidth

parameter must match at each end. Adjust the far-end radio first, and then the near-end

radio. Changing Bandwidth changes the radio’s threshold. A narrower bandwidth has better threshold performance and improved interference immunity, therefore if changing to a wider bandwidth, there is an opportunity that the link may be lost and unrecoverable through GUI control. Check the available fade margin and interference profile to determine if the impact to threshold and increased bandwidth is acceptable to maintain the link and the desired performance. If the link is lost due to increasing the Bandwidth parameter, travel to the radio location(s) may be required to reset the value.

• Set the Mode parameter to the designed selection. The value of this setting is determined in the

design/engineering stage. The Mode parameter must match at both ends of the link. In conjunction with the Bandwidth parameter, the Mode parameter setting directly relates to the capacity of the system, as well as critical RF parameters, including receiver threshold, carrier-to-interference ratio, and in some cases, maximum radio transmit power.

Note: Changing Mode will temporarily interrupt traffic. The Mode setting must match at each end. Adjust the far-end radio first, and then the near-end radio. Changing Mode

changes the radio’s threshold, carrier-to-interference ratio, and also may have impact on the Radio Transmit Power. A lower mode has better threshold performance and carrier-tointerference ratio, and in some cases, higher output power, therefore if changing to a higher mode (for example, from Mode 1 to Mode 2), there is an opportunity that the link may be lost and unrecoverable through GUI control. Check the available fade margin and interference profile, and determine if the impact to RF performance is sufficient to maintain the link and desired performance. If the link is lost due to increasing the Mode parameter, travel to the radio location(s) may be required to reset the value.

• Set the RF Frequency (GHz) parameter to the designed point. The value of this setting is

determined in the design/engineering stage. RF Frequency must match at both ends of the link. It may be critical to set RF Frequency with respect to the local RF noise and interference profiles, and/or in relation to any multi-link network design.

The frequency selection section includes the ability to select from either the complete list of frequencies (“All”) that can be tuned for the selected band and bandwidth, or, in some cases, a preselected list of non-overlapping center frequencies (“Preferred”) that Exalt determined provides the most flexible collocation opportunities for large networks of Exalt radios

The frequency selection section includes a band selection button that must be enabled for the frequency band of operation for which the link was engineered. In some cases, some bands may not be selectable due to regulatory constraints. Some bands also require Dynamic Frequency

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Selection (DFS), based on the active RDK. DFS is automatically enabled for these bands and is selectable for all other bands.

Note: Changing RF Frequency will temporarily interrupt traffic. The RF

Frequency parameter setting must match at each end. Adjust the far-end radio first,

and then the near-end radio. If the RF Frequency parameter is changed to a frequency with interference, the link may be lost and unrecoverable through GUI control. If the link is lost due to changing the RF Frequency parameter, travel to the radio location(s) may be required to reset the value.

• Enable the ACS (automatic channel switching) option to allow the radio to re-tune the operating

frequency when radar or high noise interference is detected. This can reduce the opportunity for interference in other radios in the network. See Automatic Channel Selection (ACS) Page

. To

prevent losing the link, ACS must be enabled on both Radio A and Radio B.

• DFS is automatically enabled for any band where required based on the regulations that match the

active RDK. For bands where DFS is not required, it can still be selected. For DFS to operate properly, set the antenna gain figure to match the installed transmission system gain (that is, the gain of the antenna minus all losses between the radio and the antenna).

Note: When DFS is enabled, the radio temporarily stops transmitting for at least 60 seconds to ensure that no radar interference is present. This is called Channel Availability Check (CAC). The DFS status displays on the Alarms Page

. Once CAC passes, the radio resumes normal operation. If at any time during CAC or regular operation a qualifying radar signature is detected, the radio shuts down communications for a minimum of 30 minutes. This is the Non-Occupancy Period (NOP). Transmission only resumes after the NOP completes and then only after a successful CAC.

• Set the Link Distance (miles) parameter to the range that is equal to or greater than the actual link

distance. The value of this setting is determined in the design/engineering stage.

Note: Changing the Link Distance parameter will temporarily interrupt traffic. The Link Distance setting must match at each end and must not be less than the actual link distance. Adjust the far-end radio first, and then the near-end radio. If the Link Distance parameter is changed to a setting less than the actual distance, the link may be lost and unrecoverable through GUI control. If the link is lost due to this situation, travel to the radio location(s) may be required to reset the value. If the Link Distance parameter setting is set to a distance unnecessarily higher than the actual link distance, the radio may have substantially reduced performance with respect to throughput and latency.

• Set the TDD Frame Size (ms) parameter to the designed level. The value of this setting is

determined in the design/engineering stage. The TDD Frame Size parameter must match at both ends of the link. The TDD Frame Size parameter setting directly relates to the capacity, latency, and number of TDM circuits that can be supported over the given link distance. In multi-link networks, especially where there are collocated links, it is also important to set all radios to the same TDD Frame Size setting to avoid self-interference. Future enhancement: The GPS or internal sync function may be necessary for these networks. See Time Division Duplex (TDD)

Factors and Link Orientation and Synchronization for more information.

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Note: Changing the TDD Frame Size parameter will temporarily interrupt traffic. TDD Frame Size parameters must match at each end. Adjust the far-end radio first, and then the

near-end radio. If the TDD Frame Size parameter is set to a value that cannot be supported for the link distance, the link may be lost and unrecoverable through GUI control. If the link is lost due to this situation, travel to the radio location(s) may be required to reset the value.

• Set the TX/RX Throughput Ratio (%) parameter to program radio symmetry. The default setting is

50/50 for symmetrical, full-duplex throughput. Other throughput ratio options are 20/80, 80/20, and 65/35, 35/65. See Link Symmetry

– For asymmetric throughput, only TDD frame size settings of 2ms and 5ms and RF Bandwidth

settings of 16MHz and higher are supported.

– The 64MHz/Mode2 configuration does not support asymmetry due to capacity limitations of

the 100BaseT interface. Set the Radio Collocation parameter to control parameters related to the GPS Synchronization feature (see Radio Synchronization

• Radio Collocation parameters can be enabled wh en an Exalt GPS receiver is connected to Radio A

or when using internal sync between two collocated radios or when using the ExaltSync Collocation kit to synchronize multiple radio links at one location. There are two additional features:

– Set the Flywheel Period parameter to ‘Normal’ (default) or ‘Infinite.’ This is the period of time

that the radio will run on the internal timing signal if the synchronization timing signal is lost.

– The Normal parameter is a time period that allows the timing signal to be recovered. The

default time to wait is set between 5 and 10 min. The system then resynchronizes to the timing signal without impact to traffic. If Normal is selected and timing is not recovered within the set time period, the system stops transmitting (loss of link) until timing is recovered. This prevents self-interference to local systems, but loses the link.

– The Infinite parameter allows the radio to run on the internal clock source with no limit

and attempts to resynchronize with the timing source when the timing source is detected. This allows the link to continue to operate, however, if a timing signal is not detected within approximately 10 minutes, the radio may start to cause interference to other collocated systems, and other collocated systems may start to cause interference with it. If after this interval timing is restored, a temporary outage due to the resynchronization requirement may occur.

– Set the Tx Timing Offset (µSec) parameter to allow the administrator to delay transmitter

timing from the GPS timing pulse by a fixed time, in microseconds. This is useful if multiple GPS-synchronized Exalt radio systems are present, separated by distance, such as when using a repeater. This delay is required to offset the difference in speed-of-light between the two locations. It is recommended to add a 5uSec delay for every mile of difference in path length. For example, if there is one link with no delay, delay the link within the field-of-view of the first link on the same or overlapping frequency channel accordingly so that it is synchronized, including the speed-of-light delay between the two sites.

– When using Internal timing, select the radio to be the Sync Source (master) for the other

collocated radios, Sync Auto for a radio to receive sync and run indefinitely if sync is lost (this provides the same results as infinite flywheel parameter), or Sync Recipient, which disables a radio if sync is lost, but eliminates the opportunity of self-interference.

• Buzzer Timeout (minutes) parameter creates an audio signal for antenna alignment. Turn on the

buzzer continuously during antenna alignment or preset a period of time that the buzzer will

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sound. If the buzzer stops before alignment activities are complete, change the selection and press the Update button or select the ON option until alignment activities are complete.

• Aggregate User Throughput parameter provides information about user capacity of the wireless

link, in the current configuration. The ‘new value’ column reflects throughput if changes are made to Bandwidth, Mode, Link Distance, and/or TDD Frame Size. Click the “Aggregate User Throughput” link for details on aggregate capacity.

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Ethernet Interface Configuration Page

This page allows administrators to set the alarm, and duplex settings of the Ethernet connection.

Figure 28 Ethernet Interface Configuration page (multiple Ethernet ports model)

• For models with multiple Ethernet ports, NMS Management allows determination of the

management information using the following management modes: – In-band: Management traffic is carried over the air and is available from all connectors on

either end of the link.

– Out-of-band: Management traffic is not carried over the air and is only available from the

port(s) configured for Management.

– Port-to-Port: Management traffic remains separate from data traffic without requiring out-of-

band management or VLAN configuration. This allows any Ethernet port on the link to be logically mapped to the same port at the other end of the link without requiring VLANs to be configured. The traffic passing through these mapped ports is not accessible from any of the other available Ethernet ports on either side of the link.

• Set the Ethernet ports on the radio and connected equipment to 100/full-duplex for best

performance. If the Ethernet ports are set to auto-negotiation, poor throughput performance may be a result, as well as intermittent disconnections of the Ethernet connection.

• The Flow Control setting allows the enabling of 802.3 Ethernet flow control, useful for systems

implementing QoS or other traffic flow control implementations.

• The Alarm function can be enabled or disabled for each port. Generally, all constantly connected

port alarms should be enabled, and unused or maintenance-only ports should have alarms disabled.

• For models with multiple Ethernet ports, the Mute setting allows signalling to connected network

devices when the radio link is down such as for spanning tree protocol.

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• When enabled, the DHCP feature provides a basic DHCP function to ease interfacing with a

computer. DHCP is enabled by default. If the Ethernet port on the computer is set for DHCP addressing, on radio bootup (for up to 10 minutes) or when an Ethernet link is sensed for a management port, the radio provides an IP address to the computer that is two digits higher than the radio’s IP address (for example, if the radio’s IP address is 10.0.0.1, the computer’s IP address will be 10.0.0.3). The radio also senses any DHCP server on the network and if detected, mutes its own internal DHCP function.

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T1/E1 Configuration Pages

These pages allow the administrator to selectively enable or disable the T1 or E1 circuits, one at a time. For enabled T1/E1 circuits, additional configuration, including loopback functions, are available. Disable the unused T1 or E1 so that the alarms are turned off and more throughput is allocated to the Ethernet interface. Every enabled T1 or E1 input, even if there is no T1 or E1 signal present, reduces the aggregate throughput of the Ethernet interface by roughly 3Mbps (for T1) or 4Mbps (for E1).

This page toggles between T1 and E1, as required, by clicking the Set to T1 or Set to E1 button. A warning displays that a reboot is necessary, and the radio reboots if the administrator continues. This will interrupt traffic. It may be necessary to re-login to the radio after the reboot completes. T1/E1 mode self-coordinates across the link if the link is active. This means that it only needs to be set while connected at one end. In addition, enabling and disabling T1/E1 circuits also self-coordinates across the link if the link is active. If a link is not active and T1/E1 enabling is a mismatch when a link is first created, the Radio A configuration for T1/E1 enabling supersedes the settings on the Radio B configuration, and changes the settings on Radio B.

Note: Certain combinations of the TDD Frame Size, Link Distance, Mode, and Bandwidth parameter settings limit the number of T1/E1 circuits that can be carried by the radio. In these cases, certain fields on the T1/E1 Interface Configuration pages are not available, starting with the highest port number. For example, for a 4x T1/E1 radio version, if only three (3) circuits can be carried, port 4 is not available for configuration and is disabled. If only two circuits can be carried, both ports 3 and 4 are not available. Increasing the TDD frame size and Mode parameters, and/or increasing the Bandwidth parameter results in an increase in the supported number of T1/E1 circuits.

T1 Interface Configuration Page

This page allows the administrator to enable/disable each individual T1 channel, set the Line Build Out (LBO), Line Code (either AMI or B8ZS), and AIS enabling/disabling for each input. If enabled, the radio places an AIS code on the output of the associated interface if and when the link fails or when there is no T1 signal available from the far end to provide the user at the local end. Loopback controls are also provided (see T1/E1 Loopback

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Figure 29 T1 Interface Configuration page

E1 Interface Configuration Page

This page allows the administrator to enable/disable each individual E1 channel. The AIS can also be enabled and disabled for each input. If enabled, the radio places an AIS code on the output of the associated interface if and when the link fails or when there is no E1 signal available from the far end

to provide the user at the local end. Loopback controls are also provided (see T1/E1 Loopback

Figure 30 E1 Interface Configuration page

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T1/E1 Loopback

Loopback is provided for any enabled T1 or E1 port. As shown in Figure 29 and Figure 30, the choices are:

• No Loopback (default)

• External (local)

• External (remote)

• Internal

Note: Only one Internal loopback can be enabled at any time.

All loopback configurations control the loop at the Line Interface integrated circuit, which is the device wired directly to the front panel ports.

External loopback modes are used in conjunction with an external test source. The designation of ‘local’ or ‘remote’ refers to where the loopback is occurring relative to the location where the loopback is implemented. That is, on the radio being accessed, if External (remote) is selected, this loops the signal back at the remote radio interface back towards the local radio. Likewise, if External (local) is selected, the signal loops back at the local interface towards the remote radio (Figure 31 and Figure

32).

Figure 31 External (remote) loopback

Figure 32 External (local) loopb ack

When a local T1/E1 port is configured for External (remote) loopback, it is the same as configuring the remote radio for External (local) loopback.

Internal loopback uses an internal test source, and sends the test source signal across the link, looped at the remote radio’s interface, returned to the local radio, and looped at the local radio’s interface back to the source. The inputs at both ends are looped back at the line level. Figure 33 illustrates the internal loopback function.

Figure 33 Internal loopba ck

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VLAN Configuration Page

VLAN is disabled as the default setting for Exalt radios. The Exalt radios still pass VLAN and nonVLAN traffic across the link, but do not examine the VLAN traffic or act upon it. Enable VLAN using the Exalt GUI for expanded VLAN support.

Figure 34 VLAN Configuration page

Note: Once a management VLAN is configured or modified and the Update button clicked, the management connection will likely be lost. The management connection to the radio must follow the configuration to the assigned VLAN. After configuring and enabling the management VLAN on the radio, reconfigure your network’s management access to match the settings on the radio.

VLAN configurations are maintained even when VLAN is disabled. That is, the VLANs can be configured and the configuration saved, even though they are not active until VLAN is enabled. Use the following methods to restore the management connection if a mistake was made assigning the management VLAN and access cannot be restored: Reset the radio to the critical factory defaults (see

Reset to Critical Factory Settings

described in Telnet into the Command Line Interface (CLI)

). Connect to the Console port using a serial interface and the CLI, as

, and reconfigure the VLAN settings.

Four VLAN configurations are provided:

• 802.1q Block Untagged: To pass desired VLANs across the radio, they must be listed in the lower

tables per their respective interfaces. All other traffic, including untagged traffic, is not passed across the link. The radio must be managed on a VLAN whose ID is set in the upper table. This management VLAN ID is available to any interface IDs listed in this lower table.

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• 802.1q Pass Untagged: To pass desired VLANs across the radio, they must be listed in the lower

tables per their respective interfaces. All other VLAN traffic is not passed across the link, and untagged traffic is passed across the link with no changes. The radio must be managed on a VLAN whose ID is set in the upper table. This management VLAN ID is available to any interface IDs listed in this lower table.

• 802.1q Tag Untagged: To pass desired VLANs across the radio, they must be listed in the lower

tables per their respective interfaces. All other VLAN traffic is not passed across the link, and untagged traffic is tagged with the programmed Default VLAN, per interface, as set in the upper table. Any interface requiring the default VLAN ID to pass must have the Default VLAN ID listed in the table below. The radio must be managed on a VLAN whose ID is set in the upper table. This management VLAN ID is available to any interface IDs listed in the lower table.

• Management only: All traffic is passed transparently, except the radio is managed on an assigned

Management VLAN ID, as programmed in the upper table.

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Ethernet Rate Limiting

This page enables radio Ethernet port rate limiting. Enable this to limit the output information rate to at or below downstream networking equipment capabilities. The rate is in Mbps or kbps, as specified.

Figure 35 Ethernet Rate Limiting page

For models with more than one Ethernet port, each port can have rate limiting enabled or disabled. The default setting is disabled.

Use the Update button to save changes.

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QoS Configuration Page

This page provides configuration for the Quality of Service (QoS) feature (not available on all models). QoS is a network prioritizing feature that ensures high-priority traffic transfers during peak capacity demands. The priority hierarchy is adhered to when capacity demand is higher than the link can provide; highest priority traffic is allowed to transfer, while lowest priority traffic may be dropped.

Figure 36 QoS Configuration page (multiple Ethernet interface model)

These systems follow a ‘round robin’ QoS algorithm, ensuring a distribution of priority traffic. Some percentage of all priority classifications is carried across the link, with the largest percentage applied to the highest priority, and next largest percentage to the next highest priority, and so on. Thus lowpriority traffic is not ignored when there is a high capacity high-priority traffic stream.

The following QoS Mode options are available (choose one per port):

• MAC DA (Media Access Control Destination Address): Prioritizes traffic based on the MAC

destination address (recipient of the traffic) in the packet header.

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Figure 37 MAC DA based QoS

Up to 8 MAC destination addresses can be programmed per port for priority queuing, as shown in Figure 37.

• MAC SA (Media Access Control Source Address): As with MAC DA, prioritizes traffic based on

the MAC source address (sender of the traffic) in the packet header. Up to 8 MAC source addresses can be programmed per port for priority queuing.

• VLAN ID (Virtual Local Area Network Identifier): Prioritizes traffic based on the VLAN ID tag in

the packet header.

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Figure 38 VLAN ID based QoS

A maximum of 64 VLAN IDs can be programmed across all ports for priority queuing, as shown in Figure 38. If the radio has multiple Ethernet ports and any port is set for VLAN ID based QoS, all VLAN ID based QoS ports share the VLAN ID programming for QoS.

If VLAN filtering and VLAN ID based QoS are enabled, all VLAN IDs listed for QoS must also be listed on the VLAN Configuration Page

• 802.1p: Prioritizes traffic based on the 802.1p tag in the packet header.

802.1p based QoS supports the tag range 0–7 (Figure 39), each tag can be assigned to the priority queues (0–3).

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Figure 39 802.1p based QoS mode

• IPv4/IPv6: Prioritizes traffic based on the IP tag in the packet header.

IPv4/IPv6 based QoS supports the tag range 0–63 (Figure 40), each tag can be assigned to the priority queues (0–3).

For radios with multiple Ethernet ports, different QoS modes can be set for each port. However, if more than one port is assigned the same VLAN ID, 802.1p, or IPv4/IPv6 QoS mode, those ports share those settings and they cannot be altered within that port.

Figure 40 IPv4/IPv6 based QoS

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• Port (models with multiple Ethernet ports only): Prioritizes traffic based on the Ethernet port

(Figure 41); all traffic connected to the port is assigned to that priority queue.

Figure 41 Port based QoS mode

Priority 3 is the highest priority traffic; priority 0 is the lowest. The default priority queue is assigned to any traffic that does not comply to the selected priorities. For example, if MAC DA or MAC SA is selected and a packet comes in that does not match any of the up to eight programmed addresses, it is assigned to the queue selected as default, as are packets that do not have a VLAN ID, 802.1p, or IPv4/ IPv6 tag, or those tags do not match any tags listed (in the case of VLAN).

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Automatic Channel Selection (ACS) Page

Use this page to configure alternate channels that the radio uses to automatically re-establish the link in the event of qualified radar detection (for DFS enabled radios) or if the trigger parameters are exceeded. Define up to ten alternate channels. Up to five channels can be enabled at the same time.

Note: To preserve the link, both Radio A and Radio B must have ACS enabled

and the channel frequency settings must match. If only one radio has ACS enabled

and an ACS event is detected, that radio will switch channels and the other radio will not, and the link will be lost.

Figure 42 Automatic Channel Selection page

ACS is disabled by default to prevent accidental interference to other systems in the vicinity or impact multi-site frequency planning in the event of a channel switch, particularly in collocated environments designed to operate on the same channel or predefined traffic asymmetry configurations.

Note: If an event is detected that triggers ACS, traffic is interrupted.

Enable ACS to configure alternate channels. Enter the desired frequency for up to ten alternate channels. Only up to five channels can be enabled at any time. Clicking Update saves the settings and pushes the configuration to the other radio on the link if the link is currently operating in both directions. ACS configuration is not enabled until the ACS option on the System Configuration Page

selected and Update selected.

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• ACS must be enabled on the System Configuration Page on both radios or the link may

be permanently lost.

• To avoid link loss, include a setting for the current frequency before enabling ACS.

The status fields have the following color indicators:

• Red/Inactive: The channel is configured, but is not currently in use by the system. The radio is not

currently tuned to this channel.

• Yellow/Active without Link: The channel is configured and the radio is tuned to that channel, but

has not established a link with the other end.

• Green/Active with Link: The channel is configured, and the radio is tuned to that channel and has

established a link with the other end.

• Black/Temporarily inactive: DFS is enabled and the system detected a qualified DFS radar in this

channel, the channel is disabled for 30 minutes.

The system selects alternate channels sequentially. If the radio is operating on Channel #1, it selects Channel #2 first, then Channel #3, and so on, until a link is re-established with the far-end. If the radio is operating a channel other than Channel #1 and the Treat first entry as preferred option is selected, the search always starts with Channel #1. Otherwise the search is sequential starting from the channel of the operating frequency.

Radio A wait times are approximately 35 seconds per channel switch. Radio B channel switch wait times are approximately 7 seconds. Radio B is listening for Radio A on each frequency, and may cycle through the channel list multiple times before Radio A is detected and the link re-established. Wait times are affected by this, and can be as long as 3 minutes, assuming that a link can be established on at least one frequency on the enabled list. Adjusting BER thresholds to a higher BER value such as 10(-3) can improve wait times.

When Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) is enabled due to regulations, expect an additional one minute wait time per channel switch. For some regulatory domains, the wait time is increased to 6 minutes per channel switch for certain frequencies.

The BER threshold and time above BER threshold options trigger channel switching when ACS is enabled. Available BER threshold options are from 10(–3) to 10(–7). The time abov e BER options are in increments from 1 to 200 seconds. The defaults are 10(–5) and 10 seconds, respectively. Adjusting BER thresholds to a higher BER level and/or increasing the timer length for BER, reduces ACS activity.

All ACS events are captured in the event log and can be accessed in real time for troubleshooting. Corresponding status alarms are also captured in the event log and display on the Alarms Page

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Syslog Configuration Page

Syslog serves as a remote means to receive event log messages (configuration and alarm state changes) for network management and/or record keeping.

Figure 43 Syslog Configuration page

To enable the syslog, check the Remote host logging option and input the IP address for the remote host. See Event Log Page

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GPS Information Page

This page provides information on how many GPS satellites are within the view of the Exalt GPS receiver. This page is active for implementations that include the GPS receiver connection for synchronization. This information can be helpful for troubleshooting GPS issues.

Figure 44 GPS Information page

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Alarms Page

This page provides an easy-to-read summary of the alarm status of both local and remote radios. The colors on this page reflect the color of the alarms displayed on the radio front panel. However, additional detail displays on this page to aid in quick assessment of issues and status.

Figure 45 Alarms page

Table 6 lists alarm status conditions that appear on this page.

Table 6 Alarm status indicators

Label Status

Link Indicates RF link status:

• Green Solid = Error-free connection (BER<10e-6)

• Yellow Solid = Errored connection (10e-3>BER >10e-6)

• Red Solid = No link (BER>10e-3)

DFS (enabled models only) Indicates the status of the Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS).

• Green = No DFS activity, normal transmission

• Red = Either CAC or NOP is in progress.

Collocation Indicates the enabled/disabled status with Internal or GPS sync and current alarm status.

• Green Solid = Sync enabled and sync input present

• Yellow Solid = Sync enabled and missing proper sync input in flywheel operation period

• Red Solid = Sync enabled and missing proper sync input signal and flywheel period expired

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Table 6 Alarm status indicators (Continued)

Label Status

Ethernet • Green Solid = Alarm Enabled and Ethernet Link present

• Red = Alarm Enabled and Ethernet Link not present

• Grey = Alarm Disabled

T1/E1 Input • Green = Enabled and connection present (clocking confirmed)

• Red = Enabled and no connection present

• Grey = Disabled and no connection present

Temperature • Green Solid = Normal temperature range

• Yellow Solid = Exceeding normal temperature range

The Temperature alarm monitors the internal temperature of the unit based on specific points inside the radio chassis. It is normal for the internal temperature to be above the ambient temperature, so the temperature reading may be higher than the highest specified ambient temperature. When the internal electronics reach a point that is higher than the normal temperature rise at the highest ambient temperature, the temperature alarm turns yellow. Power down the radio as soon as possible, and investigate the cause of the temperature rise before the radio is put back into service. In almost all cases, a temperature alarm is due to an external cause.

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Performance Page

This page provides statistical information about the performance of the system in relation to the integrity of the user data and the RF link.

Figure 46 Performance page

• The Current BER field indicates the current bit error rate of the link. If the link is operating

perfectly, this should indicate zero. Generally, the link should remain at a BER less than 1x10 bit out of every million bits errored). This is the threshold performance specification and the standard to which the link was engineered. However, radio links can and are affected by weather, interference, and other external sources and will occasionally have a higher error rate. A link

remains operational unless the BER exceeds 1x10

-3

(1 bit out of every hundred bits errored). Consult the link design engineer for an understanding of the predicted error rate of the radio link as it has been designed.

Many applications are unaffected by bit errors, but TDM circuits (for example, T1 or E1) are more sensitive. Also, if the link operator is providing a service guarantee, this value may need to be monitored or examined in cases of service issues. The behavior of BER in relation to other alarms or measurements and external events can be very helpful in troubleshooting activities.

-6

• Current RSL is the measurement of the received signal level at the radio antenna port. This is the

measured level of the RF signal coming from the opposite end of the radio link. The link was engineered to a specific RSL by the link design engineer, and this RSL should be obtained during installation and remain relatively stable during the operation of the link. RSL can and will vary as a result of weather changes and other external sources, such as path obstructions. Once again, this variation was part of the original design to achieve a certain level of performance over time. Bit errors occur when the RSL falls to a level within roughly 3dB of the threshold specification. When the RSL falls below the threshold specification, the link disconnects and will not reconnect until the RSL is above the threshold specification. The behavior of RSL in relation to other alarms or measurements and external events can be very helpful in troubleshooting activities.

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• Errored Seconds (ES) indicates the total number of seconds that occurred where there was at least

one bit error since the last time that the radio statistics counter was reset. Generally, ES are not a significant concern, so long as they are not continuous or above the anticipated performance based on the original link engineering goals. If ES are continuous or at a high rate, this is normally an indication of poor link performance due to poor RSL or interference, or severe impact by weather or other environmental factors. However, similar to the performance factors previously listed, ES can and will occur in any radio link. Once again, consult the link engineer to determine the original design goals, and compare actual performance to these expectations to determine if any improvements are necessary or if other problems may be causing excessive ES.

Note: Unavailable Seconds do not register as ES. In other words, the ES counter counts all seconds that are errored NOT INCLUDING the seconds that were classified as unavailable. The total number of seconds with errors or outages is the sum of ES and Unavailable Seconds.

• Unavailable Seconds (also called UAS) are similar to ES, but this counter keeps track of every

-3

second where the bit error rate equals or exceeds 1x10 complete loss of radio communication, over the period since the last counter reset. If Unavailable Seconds are continuous or at a high rate, this is normally an indication of poor link performance due to poor RSL or interference, or severe impact by weather or other environmental factors. However, similar to the performance factors listed above, Unavailable Seconds can and do occur in any radio link. Consult the link engineer to determine the original design goals, and compare actual performance to these expectations to determine if any improvements are necessary or if other problems may be causing excessive Unavailable Seconds.

, as well as any seconds where there is a

• Minimum RSL indicates the worst (lowest) received signal level that occurred since the last

counter reset. It is helpful to know if the RSL dropped significantly from the normal level, or has reached a level near or below threshold.

• Minimum RSL Timestamp indicates the date and time when the Minimum RSL occurred. This is

helpful for general troubleshooting, and especially comparing to items in the event log or diagnostic charts from the same time period.

• Maximum RSL indicates the best (highest) RSL that occurred since the last counter reset. This

indicates the best performance of the radio link, which is normally equal to the installed value, and is usually the designed value.

• Time Since Reset indicates the amount of time passed since the last counter reset. This helps to

quantify the seriousness of other statistics, such as ES and Unavailable Seconds, if there have been high numbers of ES and/or Unavailable Seconds over a relatively short period of time.

All end-of-link statistics can be independently reset using the respective reset statistics button. It is good practice to reset the statistics during link commissioning (after all antenna alignment is complete and stable RSL at designed levels is achieved, and no more system reboots are anticipated). Regularly review this page to note performance and reset the statistics so that the counters can more precisely pinpoint issues.

Note: Resetting statistics from one end also resets the statistics for the same radio at the opposite end. That is, if the Local statistics are reset, logging into the remote end shows the Remote statistics on that end (which is the local radio in the first condition) as being reset at the same time.

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Event Log Page

Use this page to review a list of the events logged by the radio. The following items are listed in the event log:

• Alarms

• Alarms clearing (Normal)

• Radio Reboots

Every event is tagged with the time that the event occurred, and a severity and type. The event log also allows filtering to limit the view of the log to the lowest level of desired information. For example, a filter level of Minor displays Minor, Major, and Critical severity events.

The log contains the last 1000 events. Events are deleted on a FIFO basis. The event log can be cleared and be downloaded from the radio (some models may require a software

upgrade to enable this feature). A screen capture of the browser window can serve as a useful record.

Figure 47 Event Log page

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User Throughput Page

This page illustrates the user throughput of the radio, as configured. Figure 35 illustrates the information provided.

Figure 48 User Throughput page

Click the help icon ( ) to open a page on how this information is determined Aggregate User

Throughput Help page(Figure 49).

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Figure 49 Aggregate User Throughput Help page

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Diagnostic Charts Page

Use this page as an aid in troubleshooting. This page illustrates the historical (and current) performance for three parameters: RSL, Radio Temperature, and BER.

The horizontal scale illustrates 120 points of time measurement and is synchronized on all three graphs. The scale displays in minutes, hours, or days from the las t two hours (120 minutes), five days (120 hours), or four months (120 days). All information is stored, so all of these periods are available for short- and long-term performance analysis. The right side of a graph represents the most recent measurement, and data ‘marches’ from the right-to-left at every interval.

The vertical scale of each chart independently scales to show the maximum resolution based on the maximum variation of the data over the selected time measurement.

Figure 50 Diagnostic Charts page

Use the cursor to point to any spot on any of the three charts, and all three charts illustrate the measurements taken for that time interval in the upper-left corner of each chart. The time interval is indicated by T=(value). This is followed by the value of the measurement, listing the highest value, lowest value and average value measured over that time interval.

For example, in Figure 50 the displayed time interval is minutes, and the cursor is held at the T=17 mark on the horizontal axis. The measurements shown indicate performance from 17 minutes ago. The high/low/average values shown on each chart are measurements made across that specific one-hour interval.

Changes in RSL often have an impact on BER, and this can be confirmed by looking for synchron ized events. When BER events occur without corresponding changes in RSL, this normally indicates

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interference, atmospheric changes, transmission system issues (such as problems with cables, connectors or antennas), or possibly radio hardware problems.

It is also useful to help determine if changes in radio temperature are occurring, and if they are having any impact on RSL or BER. If the radio is mounted in an environmentally controlled location, this has less relevance. However, temperature monitoring can be helpful to ensure that the radio is operating within specifications.

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Spectrum Analyzer Page

The spectrum analyzer feature provides a useful pre-planning and troubleshooting tool. This feature is only available on radios with firmware supporting the spe ctrum analy zer. Pe rform a spectr um an alysis after deployment and just before commissioning to maintain a record of the spectrum at the time of deployment. Figure 51 shows the Spectrum Analyzer page.

Figure 51 Spectrum Analyzer page

While a professional spectrum analyzer provides higher levels of control and precision for preplanning, the Spectrum Analyzer page allows evaluation of the RF spectrum as seen at the radio’s RF input port prior to deployment. This is useful for pre-planning the center frequency and occupie d bandwidth, and to determine polarization and antenna type and mounting locations.

For troubleshooting, enable the spectrum analyzer to scan the desired segment or full band of the frequency range. Select the step size and set the remote radio transmitter ON or OFF. This allows viewing of the clean spectrum without the remote transmitter on and a comparison of the remote transmitter in the midst of other signals.

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Note: Enabling the spectrum analyzer interrupts all radio traffic for the duration of the analysis. In addition, access to the radio’s GUI may also be interrupted, depending on the location of the interfaced computer relative to the radio where the spectrum analysis is occurring. The GUI is available at the completion of the spectrum analysis.

Use the smallest step size to obtain the finest view of the spectrum. The spectrum analyzer can be set to match the start and stop frequency for a dwell mode. Peak and average detection modes are also available. Peak detection is helpful for capturing intermittent events such as pulsed emissions.

It is best to set the Scan Time option to a time value as opposed to using the ‘infinity’ setting. If your management computer is connected to the radio through the radio link, access to the GUI is interrupted during the duration of the analysis.

Note: The result of selecting infinity may be complete loss of contact to that radio and may require a physical visit to the radio location to disable the spectrum analyzer.

The spectrum analyzer graph displays received signals in red, green or grey (Fig ure 52), normalized in dBm to the resolution bandwidth of the analyze r. Red indicates a peak hold function. This is the highest level detected during the entire scan. Green indicates the last value measured at that frequency. Grey indicates the lowest value detected during the entire scan. Mouse over an area to view the details above the graph.

Figure 52 Spectrum analyzer graph example

A completely grey vertical box indicates that the signal maintained a steady level for the entire scan. A mostly green box indicates that the last scan measured at a strong or stronger level than the rest of the analysis. A completely red vertical box indicates that there was a signal at some point during the scan, but that the signal was not detected at the last scan. A graph displaying green on the lower part and red at the upper part indicates that at some time during the scan, a signal was detected at a higher level than was detected during the last scan.

The last spectrum analyzer scan performed displays in this page until the radio is rebooted. You can do a screen capture for record keeping and for comparison to future analyses. The time and date of the analysis displays on the page, which is handy as a reference in a screen capture.

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Ethernet Utilization Page

This page shows a chart for each Ethernet interface to illustrate inbound and outbound packet utilization. This is shown as a percentage of the interface configuration (that is, if your interface is set for 100BaseT, then 100% represents 100Mbps. Compare offered load (inbound) to delivered load (outbound) to determine if radio capacity is a bottleneck for the data transfer. This chart can illustrate inbound and/or outbound utilization, and uses different colors for data entry. The legend can be hidden.

Figure 53 Ethernet Utilization page

Note that the outbound utilization never exceeds the rate where a radio is configured. For example, if the radio is configured for a 55 Mbps capacity, outbound utilization will never exceed 55 Mbps at 100BaseT.

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The watermark level function allows administrators to receive an SNMP trap when watermark conditions are exceeded. For example, if a radio is configured for 55 Mbps capacity, the administrator may wish to be warned if the radio exceeds 50 Mbps for more than 1 hour per day. In this case, set the watermark level to 50% and the trap duration to 60 minutes. Traps must be enabled for this function to be active.

When the watermark level function is enabled, a line on the chart appears for data comparison to the watermark.

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Reboot Page

Use this page to reboot the radio. The function may never be required, but can be used in emergencies. All configurations that require a reboot automatically reboot on administrator confirmation.

Figure 54 Reboot page

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Manual Page

The manual (this document or the version that matches the installed firmware) is available within the GUI. Adobe Acrobat Reader 5.5 or higher is required (go to www.adobe.com Reader). Click the Manual link to display the manual within the browser window. Once the manual displays, click the save button on the PDF toolbar to download the manual locally.

to download Acrobat

Figure 55 Manual page

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Specifications

This section presents specifications for the r-Series of Digital Microwave Radios.

Physical Specifications

Integrated Antenna Models

Physical Configuration Outdoor unit (ODU) Dimensions (H x W x D) 13.3 x 13.3 x 4.5 inches / 33.8 x 33.8 x 11.4 cm Weight 7 lbs., 3.18 kg Operating Temperature –40 to +149°F /–40 to +65°C; Altitude 15,000'/4.6 km Humidity 100% condensing Environmental NEMA4/IP66

Connectorized Antenna Mode (rc models)

Physical Configuration Outdoor unit (ODU) Dimensions (H x W x D) 9.4 x 9.4 x 5.25 inches / 23.9 x 23.9 x 13.34 cm Weight 6 lbs. 2.72 kg Operating Temperature –40 to +149°F /–40 to +65°C; Altitude 15,000'/4.6 km Humidity 100% condensing Environmental NEMA4/IP66

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Mbps Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 8/10MHz 13 26 38 16/20MHz 27 55 81 32/40 MHz 55 109 162

ExtendAir (TDD) Series Digital Microwave Radios

Common System Specifications

Tuning Resolution 1MHz; 5MHz for some regulatory domains Power Control Step Size 0.5dB Selectable Modulation Modes Mode 1 (QPSK); Mode 2 (16QAM), Mode 3 (64QAM) Selectable Frame Lengths (ms) 0.5, 1, 2, 2.5, 4, 5 Maximum Aggregate User Capacity

Error Floor

-12

Frequency Stability +7 ppm Link Security 96-bit Security Code, optional NIST FIPS-197 compliant

128-bit or 256-bit AES encryption

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dBm Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3

10MHz –86 –79 –73 20MHz –83 –77 –71 40MHz –80 –74 –68

System Specifications, 4.5GHz Band

Frequency Band 4400–4900MHz Output Power (at full power) +24dBm, Mode 1

+21dBm, Mode 2

+19dBm, Mode 3 Output Power (at minimum power) 0dBm Selectable Channel Bandwidths 10MHz, 20MHz, 40MHz

Receiver Threshold (BER=10

Maximum RSL 0dBm no damage

-6

)

Mode 1: –25dBm error-free

Mode 2 & Mode 3: –30dBm error-free

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dBm Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3

10MHz –86 –79 –73 20MHz –83 –76 –70 40MHz –80 –73 –67

ExtendAir (TDD) Series Digital Microwave Radios

System Specifications, 4.9GHz Band

Frequency Band 4940–4990MHz Tunable Range 4945–4985MHz Output Power (at full power) +21dBm, Mode 1

+18dBm, Mode 2

+16dBm, Mode 3 Output Power (at minimum power) 0dBm Selectable Channel Bandwidths

10MHz, 20MHz, and 40MHz Receiver Threshold (BER=10-6)

Maximum RSL 0dBm no damage

Mode 1: -25dBm error-free

Mode 2 & Mode 3: -30dBm error-free Non-overlapping channels 10MHz: 5; 20MHz: 2; 40MHz: 1

a. Consult your country’s regulations or Exalt Communications to determine if 40MHz is allowed for

your application.

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Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Legal Notice

Open-Source License Information

Table of Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Notes for Customers of the Cisco Configuration ExtendAir r5005

About this Document

Revision History

Icons

Introduction

Related Documentation and Software

The ExtendAir (TDD) Series Digital Microwave Radios

Basic Features

Pre-installation Tasks

Link Engineering and Site Planning

Familiarization with the ExtendAir (TDD) Series Radios

Shipping Box Contents

Initial Configuration and Back-to-Back Bench Test

RF Output Power Setting

Time Division Duplex (TDD) Factors

Link Orientation and Synchronization

Radio A/B Configuration

Radio Reset

Radio Synchronization

Synchronization Modes

Offset Timing

When Sync is Lost

Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)

Link Symmetry

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

System Installation and Initiation Process

Record Keeping

Installation

Mechanical Configuration and Mounting

Mounting the System

Radio Ports and Indicators

Connector Overview

LED Indicators

Power

Terminating the RF Connectors (rc models)

Optional AC Power

Optional DC Power Injector

CAT5e Lightning/Surge Protection

Reset to Critical Factory Settings

Antenna/Transmission System

Initial Antenna Mounting (rc models)

Transmission Line from Antenna to Radio (rc models)

Indoor Mounting

RF Lightning Arrestor

Antenna Alignment

Configuration and Management

Telnet into the Command Line Interface (CLI)

Connect to the Radio in a Telnet Session

Telnet

Exalt Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Preparing to Connect

Make Connections

Log In

Login Privileges

Quick Start

Navigating the GUI

Summary Status Section

Navigation Panel

Radio Information Page

Administration Settings Page

NTP and Time Zones Configurations Page

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Configuration

SNMP v1/v2c/v3 Support Options

SNMP Traps

File Activation Page

System Configuration Page

Ethernet Interface Configuration Page

T1/E1 Configuration Pages

T1 Interface Configuration Page

E1 Interface Configuration Page

T1/E1 Loopback