Exalt EX-2.4i, EX-5i, EX-2.4i Lite, EX-2.4i-16, EX-5i Lite Installation And Management Manual

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Exalt Installation and Management Guide

EX-i Series (TDD)

Digital Microwave Radios

Installation and Management Guide

EX-2.4i/EX-2.4i Lite

EX-2.4i-16/EX-2.4i-16 K

EX-5i/EX-5i Lite

EX-5i-16/EX-5i-16 K

EX-5i-DS3

206501-019 i 2016-05-24

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EX-4.9i

Exalt Installation and Management Guide EX-i Series (TDD) Digital Microwave Radios

Legal Notice

The information contained herein is the property of Exalt Wireless, Inc. (“Exalt”) and is supplied without liability for errors or omissions. No part of this document may be reproduced, in any form, except as authorized by contract or other written permission from the owner.

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The contents of this document are current as of the date of publication. Exalt reserves the right to change the contents without prior notice.

The publication of information in this document does not imply freedom from patent or other rights of Exalt or others.

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Per the terms of your Exalt Limited Hardware Warranty, Software License, and RMA Procedures Agreement with Exalt Wireless, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries, certain Third Party Software may be provided with and as part of the Exalt products provided to you, and any such Third Party Software files provided are governed by the terms of their separate Third Party Licenses, which licenses give you at least the license rights licensed to you in the Exalt End User Agreement and may give you additional license rights as to the Third Party Software, but only with respect to the particular Third Party Software to which the Third Party License applies.

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ii 206501-019

2016-05-24

Exalt Installation and Management Guide

EX-i Series (TDD) Digital Microwave Radios

Legal Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

Open-Source License Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii

About this Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Related Documentation and Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

The Exalt i-Series Digital Microwave Radios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Pre-installation Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Link Engineering and Site Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Familiarization with the i-Series Radios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Shipping Box Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Initial Configuration and Back-to-Back Bench Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

RF Output Power Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Time Division Duplex (TDD) Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Link Orientation and Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Radio A/B Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Radio Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Synchronization Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Internal Synchronization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

External Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Offset Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

When Sync is Lost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

LEDs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Link Symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

System Installation and Initiation Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Record Keeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Mechanical Configuration and Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Rack Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Table or Rack Shelf Mounting the System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Radio Ports and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Connector Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

LED Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

RMT (Remote) Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Terminating the RF Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

AC Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

DC Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Reset to Critical Factory Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Antenna/Transmission System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Initial Antenna Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

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Exalt Installation and Management Guide EX-i Series (TDD) Digital Microwave Radios

Transmission Line from Antenna to Egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

RF Lightning Arrestor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Transmission Line from Egress to Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Antenna Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Configuration and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Command Line Interface (CLI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Connect to the Radio with a Serial Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Telnet into the Command Line Interface (CLI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Connect to the Radio in a Telnet Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Exalt Graphical User Interface (GUI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Preparing to Connect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Log In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Login Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Quick Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Navigating the GUI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Summary Status Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Navigation Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Radio Information Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Administration Settings Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

SNMP v1/v2c/v3 Support Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

SNMP Traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

File Transfer Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

File Activation Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Access Security Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

System Configuration Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

MHS Configuration Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Ethernet Interface Configuration Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

VLAN Configuration Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

T1/E1 Configuration Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

T1 Interface Configuration Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

E1 Interface Configuration Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

T1/E1 Loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

DS3 Configuration Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

GPS Information Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Alarms Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

MHS Status Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Performance Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Event Log Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

User Throughput Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Diagnostic Charts Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Spectrum Analyzer Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Ethernet Utilization Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Reboot Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Manual Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Physical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

iv 206501-019

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Exalt Installation and Management Guide

EX-i Series (TDD) Digital Microwave Radios

Common System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

EX-2.4i System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

EX-4.9i System Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

EX-5i System Specifications, 5.3GHz Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

EX-5i System Specifications, 5.4GHz Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

EX-5i System Specifications, 5.8GHz Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Interface Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

T1/E1 Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Ethernet Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Sync Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Alarm Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Console Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

DC Power Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

DIP Switch Settings (-16 Models Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

DC Coupler for Antenna Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Required Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Interconnections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

General Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Typical Indications of Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Improper RF Cable Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Multipath Propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

RF Interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Path Obstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Misaligned Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Faulty Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Improper Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Insufficient Link Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Moisture in the Transmission System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Back-to-back Bench Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Basic Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Specification Performance Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

General Compliance and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Dynamic Frequency Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Safety Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Regulatory Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

4.9GHz Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

United States Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Federal Communications Commission (FCC), United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Canada Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Industry Canada (IC), Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Antennas Supported in Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Europe and ITU Country Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Regulatory Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Regulatory Domain Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

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EIRP Limits for the United States and Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

EX-2.4i EIRP for the USA and Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

EX-4.9i EIRP for the USA and Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

EX-5i Series EIRP for the US and Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

5250–5350 MHz Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

5470–5725 MHz Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

5725–5850 MHz Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

EIRP Limits for the European Union and ITU Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

EX-2.4i-Series EIRP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

EX-5i Series EIRP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

5250–5350 MHz band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

5470–5725 MHz band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

5725–5850 MHz band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

EIRP Limits for Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

EX-5i Series EIRP for Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

5470–5725 MHz Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

5725–5850 MHz Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Declaration of Conformity to the R&TTE Directive

1999/5/EC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

EU WEEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

EU RoHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

END USER AGREEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Copyright Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

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List of Figures

Figure 1 EX-2.4i Digital Microwave Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Figure 2 Indoor mount interconnection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Figure 3 Enclosure mount interconnection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Figure 4 Basic radio interconnectivity using internal synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Figure 5 Collocated radios, one in AUTO SYNC mode to provide redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Figure 6 Multiple-link site configuration, using AUTO SYNC for redundancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Figure 7 GPS as primary sync source using AUTO SYNC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Figure 8 Synchronized GPS sources using AUTO SYNC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Figure 9 Radio installation tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Figure 10 Front flush mount configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Figure 11 Front projection mount configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Figure 12 Rear-mount locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Figure 13 Front panel (EX-2.4i, EX-4.9i, or EX-5i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Figure 14 Front panel (EX-2.4i-16 or EX-5i-16) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Figure 15 Front panel (EX-5i-DS3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Figure 16 Primary front panel connectors (standard models) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Figure 17 EX-5i-DS3 connectors and grounding switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Figure 18 DC connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Figure 19 CLI root menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Figure 20 Initiating the browser connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Figure 21 Browser Login screens–model dependent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Figure 22 Radio Information page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Figure 23 Exalt GUI window description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Figure 24 Summary status information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Figure 25 Radio Information page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Figure 26 Administration Settings page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Figure 27 Changed fields and Update button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Figure 28 SNMP Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Figure 29 Trap Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Figure 30 File Transfer page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Figure 31 File Transfer page—download file link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Figure 32 File Activation page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Figure 33 Access Security page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Figure 34 System Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Figure 35 MHS Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Figure 36 Ethernet Interface Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Figure 37 VLAN Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Figure 38 T1 Interface Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Figure 39 E1 Interface Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Figure 40 External (remote) loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Figure 41 External (local) loopback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Figure 42 DS3 Configuration page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Figure 43 GPS Information page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Figure 44 Alarms page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Figure 45 MHS Status page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Figure 46 Performance page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Figure 47 Event Log page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Figure 48 User Throughput page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Figure 49 Aggregate User Throughput Help page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

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Figure 50 Diagnostic Charts page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Figure 51 Spectrum Analyzer page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Figure 52 Spectrum analyzer graph example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Figure 53 Ethernet Utilization page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Figure 54 Reboot page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Figure 55 Manual page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Figure 56 T1/E1 connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Figure 57 Ethernet connectors (MAIN and AUX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Figure 58 Sync In connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Figure 59 Sync Out connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Figure 60 Alarm Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Figure 61 Console Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Figure 62 DC Power connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Figure 63 DIP Switch Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Figure 64 DC coupler interconnection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Figure 65 Basic back-to-back bench test configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

List of Tables

Table 1 Factory default settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Table 2 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Table 3 LED indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Table 4 Recommended transmission line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Table 5 Default login information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Table 6 Alarm status indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Table 7 DIP Switch Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Table 8 Standard Factory Defaults (-16 Models) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Table 9 Common DIP Switch Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Table 10 EX-2.4i supported antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Table 11 EX-5i supported antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Table 12 Product approvals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Table 13 Regulatory Domain Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Table 14 EU and ITU Country-Specific EIRP Levels for the EX-2.4i Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Table 15 EU and ITU Country Specific EIRP Levels for EX-5i Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

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About this Document

This manual provides a complete description of the EX-i Series (TDD) of Exalt Digital Microwave

Radios and related software. This manual provides planners, engineers, installers, system

administrators, and technicians general and specific information related to the planning, installation,

operation, management, and maintenance of these devices.

Revision History

Date Products and Release code

2006-04-28 EX-2.4i release 1.0 2006-05-03 EX-2.4i release 1.01 (also valid for 1.0.2) 2006-07-06 EX-5i release 1.0.0 (also valid for 1.0.1) 2006-09-01 EX-2.4i release 1.1.0 (Mode 2 feature release)

EX-5i-16 release 1.0.0 EX-2.4i-16 release 1.0.0

EX-5i release 1.1.0 (SNMP feature release) 2006-09-27 EX-2.4i and EX-5i release 1.1.0 (SNMP feature release) 2006-10-27 EX-2.4i v1.2.0 (Sync and VLAN feature releases)

EX-5i release v2.0.0 (Sync and VLAN feature releases)

EX-2.4i and EX-5i-16 v1.1.1 (Sync feature release) 2007-02-28 EX-4.9i (initial release) 2007-04-20 EX-4.9i release v1.1.0 (AES and GPS Sync feature releases) 2007-05-07 EX-5i release v3.0.0 (Symmetry, Enhanced Event Log, and Legacy SNMP feature releases) 2007-07-16 EX-5i v3.1.0 (Regulatory Domain Key, Base License Key, and Dynamic Frequency Selection feature

releases)

EX-5i-16 v2.0.0 (Regulatory Domain Key, Base License Key, and Dynamic Frequency Selection feature

releases) 2007-10-18 EX-5i-DS3 v1.0.0 2007-11-30 EX-5i release 3.2.0 (Spectrum Analyzer, AES-256, Enhanced CLI, SNMP Traps, MIB-II enhancements

2008-05-16 Related documentation update. 2009-12-15 EX-2.4i-16 and EX-5i-16 release 4.0.0 (VLAN, User Throughput, Ethernet Utilization Diagnostics, SSL/

2011-10-26 EX-5i-DS3 release v4.2.0 (major feature release and first release of management security feature) 2012-01-20 EX-5i release v4.2.1 (management security feature and other minor features) 2014-06-27 EX-5i release v4.3 (multiple SNMP server support) 2015-11-06 Updated to include current contact information 2016-05-24 Updated for FCC Class II Permissive Change

feature releases)

SSH and DHCP feature releases)

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Icons

The following icons denote specific types of information:

Note: This symbol means take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to materials not contained in the manual.

Warning! This symbol means there is a risk of electric shock or bodily injury. Before working on any equipment, be aware of the hazards involved with electrical circuitry and be familiar with standard practices for preventing accidents.

Caution! This symbol means be careful. There is a risk of doing something that might result in equipment damage or loss of data. This is a general warning, caution, or risk of danger.

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Introduction

Exalt Wireless, Inc. thanks you for your purchase. Our goal is to build the highest quality, highest reliability digital microwave radio products. This commitment to quality and reliability extends to our employees and partners alike. We appreciate any comments on how we can improve our p r oducts, as well as your sales and Customer Care experience.f

Customer Care Hotline (USA): (408) 740-3622 Toll-Free Customer Care Hotline (USA): (844) EXALT-01 (392-5801) Website: www.exaltcom.com Sales e-mail: sales@exaltcom.com Customer Care e-mail: support@exaltcom.com Mailing Address: Exalt Wireless, Inc.

530 Division Street Campbell, CA 95008 USA

The Exalt i-Series Digital Microwave Radios

The Exalt i-Series Digital Microwave Radios are the most advanced carrier-class point-to-point terrestrial radio communications devices operating in the 2400 to 2483.5 MHz, 4940 to 4990MHZ, and 5250 to 5850MHz frequency bands, respectively. Figure 1 shows the EX-2.4i Digital Microwave Radio.

Figure 1 EX-2.4i Digital Microwave Radio

The i-Series radios connect voice and/or digital data from one location to another, obviating the need for copper or fiber connectivity, or enhancing existing connectivity by providing a redundancy solution, a primary solution, and/or additional capacity.

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The following models of radios are covered in this manual:

• EX-2.4i, 10/100 Ethernet + 4xT1/E1

– Configured for 100Mbps + 4xT1/E1 (32MHz/Mode2) – With license-key upgrade for 200Mbps capacity (64MHz/Mode2) – With license-key upgrade for FIPS-197 compliant 128-bit or 256-bit AES encryption

• EX-2.4i Lite, 10/100 Ethernet + 4xT1/E1

– Configured for 27Mbps (8MHz/Mode2 and 16MHz/Mode1) – With license-key upgrade for 55Mbps – With license-key upgrade for 100Mbps – With license-key upgrade for 2xT1/E1 – With license-key upgrade for 4xT1/E1 – With license-key upgrade for FIPS-197 compliant 128-bit or 256-bit AES encryption

• EX-2.4i-16 (or EX-2.4i-16 K, exclusively for Korea), 10/100 Ethernet + 16xT1/E1

– Configured for 4xT1/E1, 100Mbps (32MHz/Mode2) – With license-key upgrade for 8xT1/E1, 100Mbps (32MHz/Mode2) – With license-key upgrade for 12xT1/E1, 100Mbps (32MHz/Mode2) – With license-key upgrade for 16xT1/E1, 200Mbps (64MHz/Mode2) – With license-key upgrade for FIPS-197 compliant 128-bit or 256-bit AES encryption

• EX-4.9i, 10/100 Ethernet + 4xT1/E1

– Configured for 2xT1/E1, 27Mbps (10MHz/Mode2, 20MHz/Mode1) – With license-key upgrade for 4xT1/E1, 55Mbps (20MHz/Mode2) – With license-key upgrade for FIPS-197 compliant 128-bit or 256-bit AES encryption

• EX-5i, 10/100 Ethernet + 4xT1/E1

– Configured for 100Mbps (32MHz/Mode2) – With license-key upgrade for 200Mbps capacity (64MHz/Mode2) – With license-key upgrade for FIPS-197 compliant 128-bit or 256-bit AES encryption

• EX-5i Lite, 10/100 Ethernet + 4xT1/E1

• EX-5i-DS3 10/100 Ethernet + 1xDS3 + 16xT1/E1

– Configured for 100Mbps + 4xT1/E1 (32MHz/Mode2)

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– With license-key upgrade for 200Mbps + 16xT1/E1 (64MHz/Mode2) – With license-key upgrade for 200Mbps + 1xDS3 (64MHz/Mode2) – With license-key upgrade for FIPS-197 compliant 128-bit or 256-bit AES encryption

• EX-5i-16 (or EX-5i-16 K, exclusively for Korea), 10/100 Ethernet + 16xT1/E1

Generally, the i-Series models require a clear line-of-sight and proper path clearance to achieve a highperformance, reliable connection. Perform professional path engineering and site planning BEFORE installing this equipment.

The primary focus of this document is the installation and maintenance of the digital microwave radio, and assumes that path engineering and site planning were already performed.

The EX-2.4i models utilize radio frequencies in the range of 2400 to 2483.5MHz. The EX-5i models utilize radio frequencies in the range of 5250 to 5850 MHz. In most countries these frequency bands are considered as ‘license-exempt’ or ‘unlicensed.’ This means that virtually any user may use these frequencies freely, without paying for access, or any type of pre-notification, post-notification or registration. As a result of this designation, users may also move or change these systems at any time, with significant flexibility to the location, orientation and configuration of the system. However, also due to this designation, there may be uncontrolled interference from other similar devices occupying this spectrum. In these cases, it is up to engineering a nd maintenance personnel to design the system with existing and future interference sources in mind, recognizing that there is a chance that the interference conditions could be very dynamic, and outages may occur on the system as a result, and that, in some very rare cases, the system may cause interference into another system and may be required to be disengaged or modified/re-oriented to eliminate the interference.

If the spectrum in your country is designated as ‘license-exempt’ or similar, this does not infer that the installer may configure the system in any manner at any location. In most cases, there are regulations, or device-based conditions that limit the use of the device, such as maximum gain antenna, antenna types and maximum output power, as well as, in some cases, application limits, limited geography of use, and other unique regulations. The link design engineer and/or professional installer must determine these limitations and engineer/install the system within the confines of all local regulations. Also, it is required to examine any regulations that may apply to peripheral equipment, installation and cabling of the system that may be regulated for human safety, electrical code, air-traffic control, and other safety-related categories.

In certain countries, the spectrum for this product is NOT considered to be license-exempt. In these cases, there may be additional regulatory requirements concerning the location, frequency, power, orientation, configuration, and other aspects of the system, including, in some cases, a need for link registration, coordination, and fees that may apply to the system usage. Please consult your local regulatory organization(s) to determine usage requirements.

The EX-4.9i utilizes frequencies in the 4940–4990MHz range, and is typically a licensed band reserved for use by Public Safety agencies and applications.

In almost all cases, either for license-exempt or other designation, the product itself must be authorized for use in your country. Either Exalt or Exalt’s agent must have applied for certification or

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authorization to allow the sale and deployment of the system within the country. It is also possible that only certain versions or configurations of the device are allowed within a particular country. Please contact Exalt or your authorized Exalt representative for information pertaining to your country.

Note: It is the professional installer’s responsibility to ensure that the radio system is implemented in a legal fashion. Exalt is not liable for any unsafe or illegal installations.

Figure 2 Indoor mount interconnection

Figure 3 Enclosure mount interconnection

For highest performance and reliability, it is advised to minimize the length of RF cable and associated transmission system losses between the antenna and the radio's antenna port.

Depending on model, combinations of the following data communication interfaces are provided:

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• 10/100BaseT Ethernet

• Up to 16xT1/E1 interfaces for synchronous voice traffic (number of TDM interfaces is determined

by specific model and license-key configuration)

• Up to 1xDS-3 interface for synchronous voice traffic

The i-Series radios feature a wide-mouth direct DC connection (24V or 48V), and are also provided with an external AC adapter.

All models provide the following primary features and benefits:

• Low-latency optimization and control for voice and data connections

• Very high throughput and flexible interface configurations with voice+data combinations

• Encryption for extreme wireless security

• Easy-to-use management and configuration

• Flexible utilized channel bandwidth selection for interference avoidance and frequency

coordination

• Flexible center frequency tuning for interference avoidance and frequency coordination

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Pre-installation Tasks

This section describes the steps necessary to prepare a site for the installation of the Exalt Digital Microwave Radio.

Link Engineering and Site Planning

Design all terrestrial wireless links prior to purchase and installation. Generally, professional wireless engineering personnel are engaged to determine the viability and requirements for a well-engineered link to meet the users’ needs for performance and reliability.

The reader is referred to the Exalt document, Guidance for Engineering and Site Planning of Terrestrial Wireless Links. This document and calculator aid in the pre-planning and engineering required to determine following attributes:

• Antenna type/gain at each end of the link

• Antenna mounting height/location for proper path clearance

• Antenna polarization orientation

• RF cabling type, length, connectors, route, and mounting

• Antenna system grounding

• Lightning arrestor type(s), location(s), and grounding

• Radio mounting location and mechanisms

• Radio grounding

• Radio transmitter output power setting

• Anticipated received signal level (RSL) at each end

• Anticipated fade margin and availability performance at each end

• Radio settings for TDD frame length and occupied bandwidth

• Anticipated throughput performance (TDM circuit support and Ethernet)

• Anticipated system latency

With respect to radio path and site planning, these radios are generally identical to other microwave terrestrial wireless systems. Engineering of these systems requires specific knowledge about the radios, including:

• RF specifications (transmitter output power, receiver threshold, occupied channel bandwidth, and

carrier-to-interference tolerance)

• Regulatory limitations on transmitter output power setting and antenna type/gain

• Noise/interference profile for the intended location

Familiarization with the i-Series Radios

The Exalt i-Series radios utilize time division duplex (TDD) radio transmission. This means that the transmitted signal in both directions uses the same center frequency and transmits in one direction for a period of time, and then in the opposite direction for another period of time. This total period of time is referred to as the frame length or TDD frame length, and is further discussed in Time Division

Duplex (TDD) Factors.

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The two radio terminals are identical hardware, except for the TDD setting in software. When the radios are in their default state, both radios are configured as Radio B. One end of the link must be configured as Radio A before the two ends of the radio system can communicate.

It can be considered that Radio A is the primary radio in the link. Radio A provides the master clock and control to Radio B. For most applications, it is not important how the radio link is oriented, only that one end is configured for Radio A and the other for Radio B. For some applications (such as, multi-radio hub sites or repeaters), the orientation of the radio systems may be more critical. See

Link

Orientation and Synchronization.

There are three ways to configure the radios for Radio A/B determination:

1 Use the Exalt browser-based graphical user interface (GUI) – preferred. 2 Use the Command Line Interface (CLI) through Telnet on the AUX port or a Serial connection to

the Console port.

3 Use the front panel DIP switch, in case of emergency (EX-2.4i-16 model only).

Exalt recommends using the Exalt GUI for radio configuration. This interface requires a computer with an Ethernet port and web browser software, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 or above. See

Configuration and Management

interface.

for details on how to connect to and use the browser-based GUI

-16 and -DS3 models: The front panel DIP switch provides a fast temporary means for Radio A/ Radio B configuration. EX-5i-16 and EX-5i-DS3 models may also require installation of the Regulatory Domain Key prior to DIP switch operation. See DIP Switch Settings (-16 Models Only)

Note: Models with the Access Security management feature ignore DIP switch configurations after any reset. See the Access Security Page

Shipping Box Contents

Unless purchased as a spare terminal, the radios are shipped as a complete hop (that is, a radio link pair consisting of two terminals). An outer box has labeling that indicates the contents of the box, with the part number and serial number details for both radio terminals.

Inside the outer box are two identical boxes, each of these boxes is also marked with the part number and serial number of the individual terminal contained inside the box. The terminal box contains the following items:

• Radio terminal (configured as Radio B)

• AC adapter

• Accessory kit

– Rack mount flanges – Flange mounting hardware (4 x M4 screws; 4 x M4 wave washers) – DC power connector (1) – Grounding hardware (1 x M5 screw; 1 x M5 wave washer; 2 x M5 flat washers)

• Registration card

• Quick-start guide

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Inspect the outer packaging and the contents of the boxes upon receipt. If you suspect any shipping damage or issues with the contents, contact Exalt Customer Care.

Note: Register your system as soon as possible. A 2-year Warranty period applies to products registered within 90 days of purchase. The Warranty period is reduced to 1-year for unregistered products and products registered after the first 90 days. See Exalt Limited

Hardware Warranty.

Initial Configuration and Back-to-Back Bench Test

Every Exalt digital microwave radio goes through extensive quality testing and performance evaluation over the full operating temperature range prior to shipment. However, before installation, it is strongly advised to perform several tests and tasks that are much more difficult to perform once the radio link endpoints are distant from one another. A back-to-back bench test and pre-configuration will provide confidence that the radio link is operational and properly configured prior to installation, so that if troubleshooting is necessary, the radio hardware and configuration settings are eliminated from the troubleshooting process. Verify the following in the back-to-back testing:

• Confirm that the radio system is generally operational

– Radios power-up with planned power and wiring solutions – Regulatory Domain Key (RDK) entry successful

Note: Exalt radios with the RDK function are DISABLED when initially shipped. To ENABLE the radio, a valid RDK must be entered on the Administration Settings Page Exalt GUI. The RDK references the unit's serial number and is provided based on the country and/or region where the radio system will be deployed. The RDK is obtained through your Exalt Authorized distributor or reseller.

– RF link connects in both directions – Traffic passes across the link

Note: Some countries require Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS), which delays the transmitter turn-on time during the initial Clear Channel Assessment period of 1 minute. In accordance with these regulations, the radios boot up, and then wait for 1 minute before linking.

• Configure connected equipment and cabling

– Test Ethernet (CAT5) cabling, and/or T1/E1 cabling, any auxiliary connector cabling and

configure all interfaces – Configure IP settings for configuration and management – Configure passwords and security modes

of the

– Become familiar with the configuration and management interfaces through the Exalt GUI

interface – Configure radio parameters, including installing any optional software license keys and

configuring features controlled by license keys – Set transmitter output power to engineered or allowed level (see RF Output Power Setting

)

– Set operating center frequency

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– Set link distance, occupied channel bandwidth, and frame length

• Make detailed radio performance measurements

– Measure transmitter output power

– Measure receiver threshold performance

– Confirm unfaded error-free performance Some of these tasks may not be possible or practical within a bench test environment due to the nature

of the remote connectivity of peripheral equipment. However, it is good practice to perform as much as possible in this environment to minimize field/installation time and troubleshooting efforts.

Detailed performance measurements are usually not required for pre-installation, but can be easily performed at this stage and may be helpful for later troubleshooting efforts or for internal records. During troubleshooting, there may often be a point at which a back-to-back bench test should be performed to verify many or all of the above items, and in the case of a suspected faulty device, to help confirm the fault and determine which end of the system is at fault and in need of repair or replacement.

Note: See Back-to-back Bench Testing for detailed instructions.

RF Output Power Setting

The maximum RF output power is bounded by one of the following criteria:

• Maximum RF output power setting capability of the radio device

• Maximum RF output power allowed/authorized by the local government regulations and for this

specific device

• Maximum effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of the transmission system allowed/

authorized by the local government regulations and for this specific device

• Desired RSL to not exceed the maximum RSL allowed by the device

• Desired RSL to minimize/eliminate interference into neighboring systems

Time Division Duplex (TDD) Factors

The i-Series radios are very dynamic, allowing the installer to optimize and control the performance of the radio system for the intended application. The following parameters must be carefully determined during the link engineering phase:

• Link distance

• Bandwidth

• TDD frame size

• Mode (modulation)

The setting of the above parameters determines the following performance factors:

• Number of supported T1/E1/DS3 channels

• Ethernet throughput

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• System latency (delay)

The following generalizations can be made with regards to these factors:

• The shorter the TDD frame size, the lower the latency

• The shorter the link distance, the lower the latency, the higher the throughput

• The longer the TDD frame size, the higher the throughput

• The higher the bandwidth, the higher the capacity

• The higher the mode, the higher the capacity

Note: Disable all T1/E1/DS3 ports if there are no T1/E1/DS3 interfaces connected. This shifts all available throughput to the Ethernet interface.

Note: If a selected combination of the Link Distance, Frame Size, Bandwidth, and Mode parameters cannot support all the desired TDM ports, the ports that cannot be supported are automatically disabled. Priority is placed on the DS3 port, and then the T1/E1 port number. That is, the first port to be disabled, if necessary, is the highest T1/E1 port number, such as Port 4 for the standard models, and Port 16 for -16 or -DS3 models (assuming that the DS3 and/or all 16 TDM interfaces are licensed for use). See T1/E1 Configuration Pages information.

for more

Link Orientation and Synchronization

Link orientation refers to the Radio A and Radio B placement in your network. Link synchronization refers to using external or internal timing to coordinate multiple links.

For every link, one end of the radio link must be configured as Radio A, while the other end is configured as Radio B. In single-link systems, it does not matter which end of the system is mounted at which end of the link, and there is typically no requirement for any link synchronization.

Link orientation and synchronization are more important for networks with site(s) where there is more than one link of the same type or for sites using the same type of radio that are very close to each another at one or both ends.

Configure collocated radio terminals for the same link orientation. That is, configure all radios at the same location as Radio A or Radio B.

It can be advantageous to utilize link synchronization for collocated links. The radios allow the use of an optional GPS synchronization kit. This synchronization controls the transmitter and receiver frame timing so that collocated radios are transmitting at the same time and receiving at the same time. This can substantially reduce the opportunity for self-interference. Without synchronization, collocated radios may be transmitting and receiving at the same time, incurring near-end interference.

Note: It is not always necessary to synchronize collocated radios. If antennas are substantially separated or blocked from one another and/or frequency separation tuning is used, the opportunity for near-end interference can be eliminated.

Note: The GPS sync feature is not available on all models. Contact your Exalt Wireless representative for details.

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Radio A/B Configuration

Use the Exalt GUI to configure the radio terminals for Radio A and Radio B orientation. Since many other parameters also need to be set, and the Exalt GUI is needed for these configurations, this is the best way to completely configure the radio terminals.

Radios arrive from manufacture in default configuration, orientated as Radio B and configured as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Factory default settings

Parameter EX-2.4i EX-4.9i EX-5i

Frequency 2441 MHz 4965 MHz 5788 MHz; 5600 or 5785 MHz if the

regulatory domain does not allow 5788

MHz Transmit Power +7dBm +4dBm +4dBm Bandwidth 8MHz 10MHz 8MHz; 10MHz for some regulatory

Mode Mode 1 Link Distance <10 miles TDD Frame Size 2ms Link Security Key 000000000000 Administration Password password

User Password IP Address 10.0.0.1

IP Mask 255.0.0.0 IP Gateway 0.0.0.0 Ethernet Interfaces MAIN: Alarm Enabled, 100/Full; AUX: Alarm Disabled, 100/Full AUX port NMS Access In-Band T1/E1 Settings All Enabled, T1, B8ZS, AIS

password

domains

a. Some firmware releases use passwords of admin and user instead of the global password.

Note: In many cases, the system design will not be identical to the factory default configuration, and in some cases, these differences prohibit the installation of the radio. If at all possible, obtain a computer and configure the radio terminals using the browser-based GUI. See Exalt Graphical User Interface (GUI)

DIP Switch Configuration (-16 and -DS3 Models only)

The -16 and -DS3 models have a DIP switch to allow temporary configuration for Radio A and Radio B. See DIP Switch Settings (-16 Models Only)

for information on DIP switch functions.

Note: Models with the Access Security management feature ignore DIP switch configurations after any reset. See the Access Security Page

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Radio Synchronization

The radio synchronization feature improves the performance of Exalt radios operating in the same frequency band and that are collocated (such as in repeater and hub configurations). Radio synchronization ties radio systems together to operate off of a common clock system, ensuring that all radios simultaneously transmit and receive, and thus eliminating near-field interference issues and related radio system coupling.

Note: The synchronization function is not currently available on all Exalt radio models. A firmware upgrade may be required for models without sync if sync is desired. Contact your Exalt representative for details.

Synchronization Modes

Synchronization can be accomplished using either an internal or external source. In either case, one radio in the network must be defined as the primary sync source (A) radio.

A Global Positioning System (GPS) kit from Exalt is required to implement external source synchronization. GPS synchronization is not available on all radio models. Contact your Exalt representative for details.

Synchronization implementation only requires one synchronization source for any interconnected network. The system also implements a redundancy configuration to maintain a majority of the synchronization functions in case of primary radio failure.

For internal synchronization, the primary radio is designated SYNC SOURCE. This radio provides the master timing for all interconnected radios. SYNC SOURCE radios and collocated radios must be configured as Radio A.

Collocated radios must be in SYNC RECIPIENT mode; they receive sync signaling from the SYNC SOURCE, either directly or daisy-chained with other collocated radios. Alternatively, the radio(s) can be placed in AUTO SYNC mode. AUTO SYNC synchronizes the radios to any source provided on the SYNC IN port. However, if an appropriate synchronization signal is unavailable, the radio becomes the SYNC SOURCE for all connected radios.

Internal Synchronization

Figure 4 illustrates the basic interconnectivity of a radio system using internal synchronization. In this scenario, there are two radios collocated at one site.

Figure 4 Basic radio interconnectivity using internal synchronization

In Figure 5, there are three collocated radios. In this configuration it may be desirable to make one radio a secondary sync source using AUTO SYNC. This provides redundancy if the primary sync source radio (A) loses power or experiences any other failure.

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Figure 5 Collocated radios, one in AUTO SYNC mode to provide redundancy

The synchronization function can be carried across links to additional collocation sites. For example, Figure 6 illustrates a multi-link backbone with two hub sites.

Figure 6 Multiple-link site configuration, using AUTO SYNC for redundancy

Note: Currently, the configuration shown in Figure 6 is not supported in all models. Consult your Exalt representative for details.

Virtually any combination of hubs and repeater sites, star configurations, and/or backbones can be implemented with synchronization using these configurations. It is typically necessary or ideal in each configuration to match the following parameters on every radio in the network:

• Link Distance – Match to the longest distance link in the network.

• Frame Length – Match to the lowest frame length to optimize total system latency (for example,

for TDM networks) or match to a highest frame length to optimize user throughput. Choose an intermediate value to compromise between latency and throughput.

• Mode – It is desirable, but not always necessary, to match the mode for all collocated links.

• Bandwidth – It is desirable, but not always necessary, to match the bandwidth for all collocated

links.

For complex networks, an Exalt engineer should review multi-link networks before deployment as several factors can optimize the network for desired performance.

External Synchronization

Use an external GPS source as an alternative to the internal synchronization source for system synchronization. This is ideal for links that are nearby each other, but are not directly collocated at the

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same site. Figure 7 illustrates using a GPS source for the primary synchronization at a typical site with collated radios.

Note: When GPS Sync is enabled, link initiation typically takes 1 to 3 minutes to allow for the radio to properly synchronize to the available GPS satellites.

Figure 7 GPS as primary sync source using AUTO SYNC

Figure 8 illustrates two separate radio locations benefiting from synchronized GPS sources.

Figure 8 Synchronized GPS sources using AUTO SYNC

Offset Timing

Manual control of offset timing is also allowed. This provides a means to delay the synchronization signal using a user-defined offset. This is helpful when Exalt radios are near other devices operating in the same frequency band that also use a timing source, such as GPS. The timing source to the Exalt radios can be adjusted to match the other radio system timing source mechanism.

Offset timing can also optimize timing intervals for repeaters and backbones. As the distance of each link results in a unique factor for speed-of-light transmission of the radio signal, a subsequent radio can be delayed in timing so that the overall synchronization of radios is precisely maintained.

Offset timing can be adjusted in 1-ms intervals, from zero to the radio’s frame length setting. For example, if using a 2-ms frame length, the offset timing can be set from zero up to 1999 ms.

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Note: Offset timing is not supported in all models at the time of this writing. Consult your Exalt representative for details.

When Sync is Lost

If the primary sync source (for example, the sync source radio or GPS source) signal is lost due to equipment failure, a disconnected sync cable, or other conditions, the first radio in the daisy-chain configuration set to AUTO SYNC resumes the sync function for the remaining connected radios.

If a radio is configured as SYNC RECIPIENT, transmission ceases if the sync signal does not appear at the SYNC IN connector.

A radio running in AUTO SYNC (without the sync source) is said to be flywheeling. That is, the clock is free-running off internal clocking and is no longer synchronized to any source.

If the original sync source is restored to the flywheeling radio configuration, the flywheeling radio attempts to synchronize to this signal without causing transmission interruption. All interconnected radios receiving sync from the flywheeling radio also continue to operate without interruption.

When the flywheeling radio runs independently for long periods of time, the synchronization signal can be too far outside of the capture range of the synchronization loop, and portions of transmission frames can be lost during the re-synchronization process. This condition is temporary and all interconnected radios re-synchronize to the sync source, as necessary.

For GPS synchronization, the wiring inside the Exalt radio carries the GPS signal to the next radio cabled in the system, even when power is removed from the SYNC SOURCE radio or during radio failures. This provides redundancy for catastrophic failure of the SYNC SOURCE and maintains GPS synchronization. If the GPS source is lost (for example, due to failure of the GPS unit, a disconnected cable, or satellite blockage), the AUTO SYNC radio resumes synchronization duties for all collocated radios.

LEDs

There are two LEDs on both the SYNC OUT and SYNC IN ports. Table 3 describes the two SYNC IN and two SYNC OUT LEDs.

Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)

VLAN segments information in a single connection and creates multiple separate connections to secure information of one type or for one set of users from other information types or for other sets of users. Exalt’s VLAN communications implementation adheres to the IEEE standard 802.1q.

In most cases, an Exalt radio acting as a Layer 2 bridge between two locations is only required to pass traffic with VLAN tagging. Without additional configuration, all Exalt radios support frame sizes in excess of 1900 bytes, which currently supports all defined VLAN packet sizes.

Note: If an application only requires the transparent passing of VLAN traffic, disable the VLAN function.

Some situations require Exalt radios to act upon VLAN traffic and perform any or all of the following functions:

• Connect specific traffic, using VLAN tagging, to a specific port on the radio, such as management

traffic to the AUX port.

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• Allow only traffic with specifically assigned VLANs to pass across the link, blocking all other

VLANs or any non-VLAN traffic.

• Allow management access only through a VLAN connection, leaving the main traffic transparent.

• Allow management access without a VLAN connection, but flowing only specific VLAN traffic

across the link.

Link Symmetry

The default configuration of i-Series radios provides 50/50 symmetrical throughput. The Tx/Rx Throughput Ratio setting enables programming different symmetry for applications where significantly higher throughput in one direction is anticipated such as for video broadcast, video aggregation, or remote server/storage WANs.

Exalt does not recommend placing two links with asymmetry back-to-back in a serial configuration due to the TDD cycle of the radios. This configuration requires that one radio transmits in an overlapping time period while another radio is receiving. Physical antenna isolation and/or frequency channel spacing may accommodate this configuration. Asymmetry is, however, ideal for single-hop, multi-link hub/spoke architectures, or simply single independent links.

Note: Asymmetry is only supported for a specific subset of system configurations that are optimized for typical asymmetric applications.

TDD frame sizes of 2ms and 5ms are supported. The 5ms configuration maximizes the aggregate throughput of the radio for every situation. The 2ms configuration reduces latency to meet latencycritical applications, especially for multi-link and TDM circuit support. The following RF BW/mode combinations are supported for these two configurations:

• 16MHz/Mode1

• 16MHz/Mode2

• 32MHz/Mode1

• 32MHz/Mode2

• 64MHz/Mode1 (64MHz requires a license key)

The following Tx/Rx ratios are supported for these two configurations:

• 65/35 and 35/65

• 80/20 and 20/80

For example, a radio configuration of 32MHz/Mode2 with a 5ms TDD frame size supports up to 110Mbps user capacity or 55Mbps full-duplex. By sel ecting 80/20 on on e side of the link and 2 0/80 on the other side, the radio allows up to 88Mbps in one direction, and 22Mbps in the opposite direction.

Note: Internal and GPS sync is supported with asymmetric settings, but in addition to the other requirements for sync, all radios tied to sync must be set with matching ratios.

T1/E1 is supported with asymmetric settings. However, based on the BW/mode setting (and in some cases, TDD frame size and distance), the direction with the limited throughput limits the number of T1 or E1 connections obtained. For example, the 16MHz/Mode1 setting typically supports up to 27Mbps aggregate throughput. In the 80/20 ratio configuration, one direction is limited to 5.4Mbps, which is less than 3xE1 and less than 4xT1. Since TDM connections must be symmetrical, this setting therefore limits throughput to no more than 2xE1 or 3xT1.

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Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

The Exalt radios primarily use a browser-based graphical user interface (GUI) for radio configuration and management, as described in Exalt Graphical User Interface (GUI) interface (CLI) is provided for serial and/or Telnet access, as described in Command Line Interface

(CLI). SNMP is often used for management of larger networks as described here. Use SNMP to

manage networked devices and execute the following functions:

• GET: Obtain information from the device, such as a configuration setting or parameter.

• SET: Change a configuration setting on the device.

• TRAP: The device proactively informs the management station of a change of state, usually used

for critical alarms or warnings.

One feature of the SNMP implementation is that system configuration changes do not take effect using the SET command. Instead, groups of configuration settings can be preconfigured for global change, and a single 'Save' (Commit) command implements all changes.

When some parameters are changed, a link may drop and/or management control lost. MIB files allow many parameters to be set at once, allowing only a temporarily dropped link or management control issue. The opposite end radio can be quickly reconfigured, with little downtime for the link and management control. The save (Commit) command is similar to the Update button.

. In addition, a command line

Dropped links or management control issues do not occur with every parameter change. Many configuration changes do not impact traffic or management access.

Exalt radios utilize SNMPv3, a high security version of SNMP, to ensure secure access to and storing of management data. The SNMPv3 security string matches the admin and user passwords. Passwords must be eight characters or longer.

Some Exalt radio models also allow for “legacy” SNMP support for SNMPv1 and SNMPv2. Configuration of all passwords and community strings is performed from a separate Simple Network

Management Protocol (SNMP) Configuration page.

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Path & Site

Analysis

Link Design

Build Antenna

Structures &

Egress

Mount

Antennas &

Transmission

Line

Install & Test

Network &

Power Wiring

Read This

Manual

Completely

Pre-configure

Radios

Perform

Back-to-Back

Test

Mount Radios

Connect

Transmission

Line

Connect

Power

Align

Antennas to

Planned RSL

Verify LEDs

for Good Link

Test Network

Connectivity

Connect &

Test Primary

Services

Test Network Management

System

Both Transmission

System & Radio Preparation Tasks Must Be Complete

Transmission System Tasks Radio Preparation Tasks

EX-i Series (TDD) Digital Microwave Radios

System Installation and Initiation Process

The tasks required for radio installation and initiation are outlined in the following figure.

Figure 9 Radio installation tasks

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Record Keeping

After installation, record the following items for ongoing maintenance and future troubleshooting. Keep a record for each end of the radio link and store a copy of these records at the radio location, at the opposite end radio location, and a central record storage location.

• GPS coordinates for antenna locations at each site

• Antenna heights above ground level (AGL), as mounted

• Antenna model numbers, serial numbers, and specifications

• Antenna polarization as mounted

• Length/type of primary transmission lines at each site

• Model number and serial number of RF lightning arrestors

• Length/type of secondary transmission line(s)

• Transmitter output power setting as installed at each site

• RSL as measured after antenna alignment at each site

• Designed RSL per original design at each site

• RSL reading with far-end power off (from each end)

• Spectrum analyzer plot with far end off at each site

• Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)/return loss at radio’s antenna connector at each site

• Radio’s network management IP address at each site

• Radio’s network management gateway address at each site

• Radio’s operating frequency, bandwidth setting, and mode of operation

• Optionally purchased extended warranty and/or emergency service contract details

In addition, certain information may be desired for central record-keeping only:

• Link security codes and log in passwords (stored in a secure place)

• Photographs of complete installation

• End-user sign-off/acceptance documentation (if any)

• Photo of product identification label (part number, serial number, MAC address information)

• Electronic copy of radio’s configuration file

• Electronic copy of radio’s installed software

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Installation

This section presents all tasks required to install the Exalt Digital Microwave Radio.

Mechanical Configuration and Mounting

The i-Series radios are one-piece designs intended for deployment in a telecom equipment rack indoors or in an appropriate environmental enclosure. The device must be deployed within an ambient temperature range as specified, and properly ventilated with no obstructions to the air intake and exhaust. The standard models occupy 1 rack unit (1RU = 1.75"/4.5cm) height in a typical telecom rack. The -16 and -DS3 models occupy 1.5 RU (2.625"/6.7cm).

In most cases, additional racked equipment can be placed directly above and/or below the device with no empty spaces in the rack. However, depending on power consumption and ventilation for adjoining devices, they may pass heat to the device, not allowing the radio to cool properly and increasing the risk of malfunction. Heat dissipation from the radio may also affect adjoining devices. Provide air space above and below the device, where possible. If not possible, a thermal analysis may be required by a professional engineer to determine the impact of thermal transfer between all adjoining units.

Provide proper clearance for all cables and connectors attached to the device. Notably, the RF cable connector may require significant clearance for the bend radius of the coaxial cable assembly. Use a properly specified 90º RF connector to minimize clearance requirements, which may be necessary in enclosure implementations. All RF connectors, cables, and adapters must be rated for operation withi n the radio’s frequency range (2400–2483.5 MHz for EX-2.4i; 4940–4990 MHz for EX-4.9i; 5250–5850 MHz for EX-5i). RF connector losses must be accounted for within the link engineering design and output power settings.

Rack Mounting

Rack mounting hardware for a standard 19" (48cm) rack is included in the accessory kit. Attach the rack mounting brackets to the sides of the unit with the provided screws. The radio can be mounted in one of four configurations:

• Front flush mount (front panel even with the rack mounting surface)

Figure 10 Front flush mount configuration

• Front projection mount (front panel extended forward from the rack mounting surface)

Figure 11 Front projection mount configuration

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• Rear flush mount (rear panel even with the rack mounting surface)

• Rear projection mount (rear panel extended forward from the rack mounting surface)

Figure 12 Rear-mount locations

The rack mounting brackets accommodate identical mounting configurations as shown in the previous figures, and can be mounted three different ways with respect to the vertical orientation in the rack:

1 Projecting down, using one full rack space and half of the space below, and leaving a half-space

gap below.

2 Projecting up, using one full rack space and half of the space above, and leaving a half-space gap

above.

3 Centered within two spaces, with ¼ rack space gap above and below.

Two radios mounted in the same rack can be mounted in adjoining spaces, utilizing a total of three rack spaces.

Note: Screws for attaching the radio to the telecom rack are not provided; use the appropriate screw type that matches the equipment rack.

Table or Rack Shelf Mounting the System

Affix rubber feet or adhesive-backed non-slip pads (not included) near the corners of the unit along the bottom panel when mounting on a table or a rack shelf. These pads help keep the radio stable on a wooden or metal surface.

In many areas, it is necessary to strap the equipment to a table or rack shelf if mounting in this manner. In case of earthquake or other shock or vibration, or an accidental pull of a cable, the unit should be secured from falling. It may also be necessary to secure the AC adapter, if it is used.

Radio Ports and Indicators

This section provides a brief overview of the connectors, controls, and indicators on the device. Details about each item are in other sections of this document.

The EX-2.4i front panel is shown in Figure 13. The EX-4.9i and EX-5i front panel are identical to the EX-2.4i model, except for the model number shown in the upper-right corner.

Figure 13 Front panel (EX-2.4i, EX-4.9i, or EX-5i)

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The EX-2.4i-16 front panel is shown in Figure 14. The EX-5i-16 front panel is identical, except for the model number shown in the upper-right corner.

Figure 14 Front panel (EX-2.4i-16 or EX-5i-16)

The EX-5i-DS3 model front panel is shown in Figure 15.

Figure 15 Front panel (EX-5i-DS3)

Connector Overview

The primary user interfaces are shown in Figure 16 provides details of the front panel connectors of the EX-2.4i EX-4.9i, or EX-5i. Detailed pin structures for each connector are in Interface Connections

Figure 16 Primary front panel connectors (standard models) Table 2 Connectors

Label Type Gender Function

Antenna N F Transmission line connection to antenna. T1/E1 (1–4 or 1–16) RJ-48C F Primary ports for User T1 or E1 circuits to

traverse link.

DS3 (IN/OUT) BNC F Primary ports for User DS3 circuit to traverse

link.

ETHERNET (MAIN/ AUX)

SYNC (IN/OUT) RJ-45 F Internal or external radio synchr onizing sour ce

CONSOLE 9-pin sub-D F Management port (serial) for PC/PDA for

RJ-45 F Primary ports for user Ethernet and/or

management data (10BaseT or 100BaseT) to traverse link.

(for example, GPS) input and output.

Command Line Interface (CLI) communications.

ALARMS 9-pin sub-D F External alarm inputs and outputs.

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Table 2 Connectors (Continued)

Label Type Gender Function

GND (Ground) Bantam F Common (return) volt meter test point for

measuring RSL.

RSL Bantam F Voltmeter test point for measuring received

signal level.

24–48VDC 6-pin modular M DC power input from DC source or AC

adapter.

(Ground) Threaded (M5)

F Chassis ground connection (M5 x 0.8 threads).

receptacle

DS3 IN and DS3 OUT connections (Figure 17) may be independently grounded or ungrounded to the chassis using a small DIP switch between the connectors. Ground loops to connected equipment must be avoided. Set the DIP switches accordingly.

Figure 17 EX-5i-DS3 connectors and grounding switches

LED Indicators

Table 3 provides details of the LED indicators on all models.

Table 3 LED indicators

Location/Label Type Function

LINK 3-color

LED

STATUS 3-color

LED

Indicates RF link status: Green Solid = Error-free connection (BER<10e-6) Yellow Solid = Errored connection (10e-3>BER >10e-6) Red Solid = No link (BER>10e-3) Red Flash= No remote information available (when RMT is

pressed and held) Off = Improperly powered or fatal system failure Indicates system status: Green Solid = No alarm conditions (normal operation) Yellow Solid = Alarm conditions, not traffic effecting Yellow Slow Flash = In loopback (from this end) Yellow Fast Flash = In loopback (at this end) Red Solid = Alarm conditions; traffic effecting Red Flash = No remote information available (when RMT is

pressed and held) Off = Improperly powered or fatal system failure

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Table 3 LED indicators (Continued)

Location/Label Type Function

DS3 3-color

LED

Indicates DS3 connection status: Green Solid = No alarm conditions (normal operation) Yellow Solid = DS3 signal present, but DS3 is not enabled Red Solid = DS3 enabled, but not present Off = DS3 not in use

RADIO A 3-color

LED

Indicates radio orientation: Green Solid = Radio is configured as Radio A, based on software

setting Off = Radio is configured as Radio B

ETHERNET MAIN/AUX Left Corner Green LED Solid/Flashing = Data present

Off = No data present

ETHERNET MAIN/AUX Right Corner

Green LED Solid = Negotiated @ 100Mbps

Flash = Negotiated @ 10Mbps Off = No connection negotiated

T1/E1 Left Corner Green LED Solid = Connection present (clocking confirmed)

Fast Flash = Connection present; coding/clock problem Slow Flash = Connection present, but unexpected Off = No connection/clock

T1/E1 Right Corner Green LED Solid = In a loopback state

Fast Flash = Automatic indication signal (AIS) is active Off = No loopback; no AIS activity

RMT (LED inside button) Amber

LED

Off = Remote end LINK and STATUS LEDs are both green Solid = No remote end status available Flash = Alarm conditions at the remote end (LINK and/or

STATUS LEDs are non-green)

SYNC IN Left Corner Green LED Solid on = GPS is normal (no alarms)

Flash = GPS is in alarm Off = No GPS source detected

SYNC IN Right Corner Green LED Solid on = Sync locked, no alarms

Flash = Sync signal detected, but not locked Off = No input sync signals detected

SYNC OUT Left Corner Green LED Solid on = Radio configured as SYNC SOURCE

Flash = Radio configured as AUTO SYNC Off = Radio configured as SYNC RECIPIENT or sync is

disabled

SYNC OUT Right Corner Green LED Solid on = SYNC SOURCE is external (GPS 1 pps)

Off = SYNC SOURCE is internal

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Table 3 LED indicators (Continued)

Location/Label Type Function

Exalt Installation and Management Guide

EX-i Series (TDD) Digital Microwave Radios

(Unmarked LED on rear panel) 2-color

LED

Indicates overall status (from the rear panel): Green = LINK and STATUS LEDs are both green Red Flash = LINK and/or STATUS are in a yellow state; no red

states exist Red Solid = LINK and/or STATUS are in a red state Off = Improperly powered or fatal system failure

RMT (Remote) Button

The RMT button is the only external control on the radios. This button allows easy and quick evaluation of the status of the remote-end radio. When the RMT LED is amber flashes, this is an alert that the remote end has an alarm condition. Press the RMT button to determine the alarm conditions.

When the RMT button is pressed and held and local LEDs flash, this indicates that no remote-end information is available. This indicates that the remote radio is either not powered, is booting, or is not linked in the direction towards the local radio, or the local radio is receiving excessive errors in this direction. It could also indicate a serious failure of either radio.

Local-end LEDs (when this button is not pressed) in combination with remote-end information (from a technician located at the far end, and/or when the button is pressed) can substantially aid in rapid troubleshooting analysis.

Power

The radio requires a DC power source within specifications. The DC can be provided from a DC battery source, central lab/rack supply, or from the supplied AC adapter.

Read this section completely before applying power.

Terminating the RF Connector

Before applying power, the device’s RF connector must be properly terminated into a 50-Ohm load. If this is not performed, the radio may be damaged by simply applying power. Also, there are human safety factors to consider regarding potentially harmful RF radiation.

There are a few simple means to accommodate proper termination:

• Connect a 50-Ohm coaxial termination device to the RF port of the radio. The termination must be

rated to 1W (or more). Example(s) include: – Broadwave Technologies P/N 552-200-002, or similar

• Connect the complete transmission system. That is, the RF cabling including the antenna. The

cabled antenna provides a proper termination for the RF output.

• Connect a fixed (or a series of fixed) 50-Ohm attenuator(s) to the RF connector, either directly or

at the end of an RF transmission line. The attenuator must be at least 30dB as specified at the operating frequency (~2400 MHz for the EX-2.4i; ~4950 MHz for the EX-4.9i; ~5700 MHz for the EX-5i), and rated for a minimum of 1W input power. Examples include:

– Broadwave Technologies P/N 352-103-xxx

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– Bird 2-A-MFN-xx – JFW Industries 50FP-xxx-H6-N

AC Power

The AC adapter easily connects to the device. The AC rating of the adapter accepts most standard voltages and frequencies worldwide. Refer to the input voltage requirements stated on the label affixed to the adapter to ensure that the adapter can be used with the AC mains supply.

The AC plug outlet provided with the adapter may need to be replaced to match the country configuration. The adapter cable uses a standard connector for this cable for use of a pre-wired cable appropriate to the outlet configuration. If the appropriate cable is not available, the existing AC plug end can be severed and a replacement plug affixed. Consult a qualified electrician for this activity.

Do not plug the adapter into the mains power. First, verify that the RF connector is properly terminated (see Power can be turned off using a switch, disable the power, plug the AC side of the adapter into the AC mains socket, and then enable power to the circuit. If the AC mains cannot be turned off, plug in to the AC main socket to apply power.

Verify that the radio is active by observing LED activity. All LEDs on the radio flash at initial power cycle.

), and then plug in the radio-side connector from the AC adapter to the radio. If the AC mains

It is strongly encouraged that the AC mains supply be fused or on a separate breaker to ensure against over-voltage and/or over-current situations and to provide some form of protection to the radio electronics and other devices connected to the same supply. In addition, if the AC power is subject to significant spikes or variation, power conditioning is a worthwhile investment, as the quality of mains power may have a direct impact on the device operation, performance and/or reliability. An Uninterruptible Power Source (UPS) or other form of battery-backed system protects against brown-out and black-out conditions, and condition the power presented to the adapter.

Evaluate the opportunity for lightning or other similar surges to be present on the powering system, including the ability for surges to couple to the power wiring system. If an evaluation indicates that there is a potential likelihood for these conditions to occur, additional surge protection is recommended for the input power wiring, especially to protect the radio electronics between the adapter and the radio’s DC input connector.

The above statement is similarly true for every wired connection to the device. While the configuration for surge suppression or line conditioning is of a different type for each kind of signal interface, the opportunity for damage to the device, loss of communications and property is significant. In some cases, there can also be a risk to human life by not protecting against lightning entering a building through wiring or improper grounding. If you do not have experience in this type of installation practice, consult a qualified electrician and/or telecoms professional during the installation and wiring of the equipment.

DC Power

The device accepts DC power within the voltage specifications. For some EX-2.4i terminals, the DC voltage is 48 volts, nominal. For all other i-Series models, the DC voltage input accepts either 24 volts or 48 volts, nominal. Ensure that the power source is specified for the proper amount of current delivery capacity. The DC power may be connected as a positive or negative voltage supply, and be referenced to ground or ‘floating’ (differential voltage). There are different system grounding considerations depending on the nature of the DC supply grounding, and consult a qualified electrician or telecoms professional on the proper wiring and grounding process.

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To connect a DC source, with the power disabled on the DC supply, connect proper gauge wiring to the DC supply. For most (short) power cable runs, 18AWG or 24AWG wire can be typically used. Strip the ends just long enough for enclosure to the DC radio connector (approximately 0.25 inches/6mm). If using stranded wire, the stripped ends inserted into the DC terminal connector must be solder-tipped. If using solid wire, a solder tip is not necessary. Ensure that the power wiring is long enough to neatly traverse, when properly dressed, between the source supply and the radio mounting location. If DC wires are to be exposed to outdoor environments, use wire in the proper weatherproof wiring jacket.

For longer runs of DC wiring, use a higher gauge wire and/or higher current source supply to overcome the additional resistance of the DC wiring. However, the DC connector for the radio may not be able to accept a high diameter wire, transition to thinner gauge near the end of the wiring run or use the maximum diameter wire for the entire wiring run, as long as it meets the powering requirements considering total resistance of the wiring and the power source current load capacity.

Insert the wiring ends into the DC mating connector (supplied) and tighten the terminal screws to secure the wire into the connector. Do not connect the mating connector to the radio system and disable the power system.

Pay close attention to the polarization of the DC signals coming from the DC supply and the ground conductor (if any), and ensure that they are connected to the proper pins of the DC mating connector. The connector mate on the radio is clearly marked on the front panel for proper polarization and for ground connection.

Wire across the plus (+) and minus (-) terminals from the DC supply. In addition, place a separate jumper between the proper terminal and the ground terminal to reference one side of the power supply line to the radio chassis ground. In some cases, the DC system may need to be floating and this ground jumper is not necessary; however, many configurations require one side to be grounded for proper electrical safety.

Warning! Consult a qualified electrician if uncertain about how to properly ground the

system and connect power.

Figure 18 DC connector

Once the wires are connected to the mating connector, do not connect to the radio. First test the DC connection to the connector from the DC supply. Engage power on the DC supply, and use a volt meter to verify proper voltage level and polarity.

Verify that the RF connector is properly terminated, as described in Terminating the RF Connector

. Disengage power once again on the DC source, and connect the mating connector to the radio device. Engage power on the DC source. Verify radio is active by observing LED activity. All LEDs flash during the initial power cycle to verify that they are operational. Secure the DC connector using the integral captive screws at each end. This prevents accidental disconnection.

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See Power regarding fusing, breakers, lightning protection, surge protection and power conditioning. Follow these recommendations for a DC supply.

Reset to Critical Factory Settings

If necessary, the radio terminal may be reset to critical factory settings. This may be necessary if the IP address and/or passwords for the system are not known. All other configurations are left at their current settings. If a complete default factory configuration is desired, load the Default Configuration File into the system, as described in File Activation Page

The following parameters are configured after a reset to critical factory settings:

• IP Address = 10.0.0.1

• IP Mask = 255.0.0.0

• IP Gateway = 0.0.0.0

• Administration password = password (or ‘admin’

• User password = password (or ‘user’

)

• Endpoint Identifier = Radio B (on some models, depending on firmware v ersion and/or DIP switch

position)

• VLAN disabled

• Disabled management interfaces are enabled

Note: Models that have the access security management feature that also have DIP switches on the front panel ignore DIP switch configurations after any reset. See the Access Security

Page.

To perform a reset to critical factory settings:

1 Remove power. 2 Remove connections to the ALARMS port. 3 Hold the RMT button on the front panel while applying power.

Continue to hold the RMT button through the entire boot cycle (approximately 45 seconds). The front-panel LEDs toggle during the boot cycle.

4 Release the RMT button when LED behavior stabilizes.

Antenna/Transmission System

This section provides guidance to mounting and connecting the RF transmission system, which consists of the antenna, RF cabling, and RF lightning arrestors. Consult the manufacturer's instructions for proper mounting, grounding, and wiring of these devices, and for definitive direction. These manufacturer's instructions supersede any information in this section. See Antennas supported antennas.

1. Some firmware versions use the passwords admin and user instead of the global password of password.

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Initial Antenna Mounting

The antenna must be an exact model recommended by the path and site planning engineer(s). Mount the antenna at the proper height, mast/mounting location and polarization orientation as determined by the path and site planning engineer(s). The model type, location, and orientation of the antenna is critical with respect to achieving proper path clearance, as well as to mitigate external or self- interference from nearby or collocated systems operating in or near the same frequency band.

Warning! Mount the antenna in a restricted area and in a manner preventing long-term

human exposure to the transmitted RF energy. To comply with FCC and Industry Canada regulations, the minimum safe distance from the antenna for continuous human exposure for the EX-2.4i models is 10'/3m, 3.3' (1m) for EX-4.9i models, and 10.5'/3.2m for EX-5i models.

The antenna structure must be secure and safe with respect to the mounting of the antenna, transmission system weight, and the combined weight of any personnel that may climb or attach to the structure. The combined weight of items and forces on the structure must be carefully considered in the design and construction of the structure. This must include the weight bearing on the structure in the highest wind conditions possible in the region, and with respect to all objects affixed to the structure.

If additional objects are affixed to the structure in the future, it may be important to evaluate both the mechanical impact of these planned additions (with respect to wind and weight loading), as well as the potential impact to RF interference and frequency coordination (if additional radio equipment is anticipated). This is especially important if future equipment is likely to operate within the same frequency band.

Once the antenna is mounted, cabled, and aligned, your goal is to never require modification. This prior planning is important in the path and site planning stages and in construction of the antenna structure.

Follow the antenna manufacturer’s instructions for mechanical mounting of the antenna. Ensure that there is enough room around the antenna for alignment activities (moving the antenna in vertical and horizontal arcs), and for the RF transmission line to connect to the antenna connector unobstructed and within the specified bend radius requirements of the transmission line.

At this point, the antenna mounts should be fully secure to the structure, the feed of the antenna securely mounted to the antenna (if the feed is a separate assembly), and the azimuth and elevation adjustments not completely tightened in preparation of the antenna alignment activity. It is a good practice to connect the transmission line to the antenna connector as early in the process as possible, to reduce the opportunity for debris or moisture to enter either the antenna connector or the transmission line connector. Use a connector cover or other temporary measures to ensure that the connector is kept clear. Take extra care if the antenna is installed during inclement weather to ensure that no moisture gets inside the antenna connector at any time.

Now the antenna can be aimed in the general direction required for the link. Use a compass, a reference bearing, binoculars or any other similar device to point the antenna in the direction (generally) of the far end radio, and then slightly tighten the azimuth and elevation adjustments so that the antenna maintains its general position and is safe to be left without additional securing. Refer to the Exalt white paper, Antenna Alignment, for more information on antenna alignment techniques.

Transmission Line from Antenna to Egress

Most installations use coaxial transmission line for the connection between the antenna and the radio device. Coaxial transmission line can either have a solid or braided shield. Solid-shield cables are more resistant to external signal coupling and interference, but are generally stiffer than braided cables.

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Consult the path or site engineer(s) to ensure that the proper materials are chosen for the installation and that all factors were considered. Refer to the Exalt white paper, Transmission Line for Exalt Indoor Radio Systems.

Generally, the larger the diameter of the transmission line, the lower the loss. So for longer runs of transmission line, larger diameter cables are highly advised. However, at every frequency, there is a maximum diameter cable that supports the operating frequency. Verify the specifications. This is determined in the path and site planning process.

In some cases, the choice of transmission line is not coaxial cable, but is instead air-dielectric waveguide. This is an expensive solution and is generally not necessary, but may be required for very long transmission line runs, and/or very long link distances, and/or for systems requiring extremely high reliability.

Table 4 lists representative samples of transmission line types recommended for the Exalt Digital Microwave Radio.

Table 4 Recommended transmission line

Manufacturer Type Description Loss at 2.4GHz Loss at 4.9GHz Loss at 5.3GHz Loss at 5.8GHz

Andrew LDF4-50 1/2-inch solid shield 3.3dB/100ft. 5.6dB/100ft. 5.7dB/100ft. 6.0dB/100ft. Andrew LDF4.5-50 5/8-inch solid shield 2.5dB/100ft. 4.3dB/100ft. 4.4dB/100ft. 4.7dB/100ft. Times LMR-600 1/2-inch braided shield 4.3dB/100ft. 6.8dB/100ft. 6.9dB/100ft. 7.3dB/100ft. Times LMR-900 5/8-inch braided shield 2.9dB/100ft. 4.5dB/100ft. 4.6dB/100ft. 4.9dB/100ft. RFS LCF12-50J 1/2-inch solid shield 3.5dB/100ft. 5.5dB/100ft. 5.6dB/100ft. 5.9dB/100ft. RFS LCF12-58J 5/8-inch solid shield 2.8dB/100ft. 4.4dB/100ft. 4.5dB/100ft. 4.8dB/100ft.

There are several other brands and models of transmission line that are perfectly acceptable. However, for extremely long transmission lines and/or extremely long radio paths, it may be necessary to use waveguide transmission line instead of coaxial transmission line. In these cases, waveguide type EW20 is recommended for EX-2.4i models (0.45dB/100ft. loss at 2.4GHz), type EW52 for the EX-4.9i and EX-5i models (1.2dB/100ft. loss at 5.8GHz, 1.35dB/100ft. loss at 5.3GHz).

It is critical that the transmission line and antenna be capable of supporting the same type of connector, or easily adapted. It can be important to minimize the number of connectors and adapters, and it is ideal that they match directly without adaptation. In most cases, transmission line allows for N-type male connectors and antennas have N-type female connectors. For waveguide, the waveguide flange can typically accommodate a direct adapter to an N connector, or alternatively, the antenna can be purchased with a direct waveguide connection. But ofte n a flexible coaxial jumper is required to connect between the waveguide and antenna, as waveguide is generally inflexible and can be mechanically challenging to align to the exact antenna connector location.

If possible, connect the primary transmission line directly to the antenna. It is desired to have the fewest possible pieces of transmission line in the system, to minimize losses and points of failure from connectors. The antenna can typically accommodate a direct connection if planned in advance. Use a 90º adapter for the connection to the antenna, if necessary, but confirm that all connectors and transmission lines are properly specified for the operating frequency with minimum loss, proper impedance (50 Ohm) and proper VSWR characteristics.

Transmission line connector termination is a critical element of the installation. Many ‘factory built’ RF transmission lines do not provide the proper characteristics for proper transmission, despite their published specifications, often due to the fully or semi-automated process of factory termination, which may not have considered the frequency of your system. When buying pre-terminated transmission line, it is strongly advised to obtain the documentation of test measurements on the connected transmission

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line showing that the loss characteristics and VSWR are within the specified limits specifically at your operating frequency. In addition to factory-built transmission line, self-terminated transmission line can suffer the same issues.

Caution! Always follow the manufacturer’s termination process EXACTLY, and only use the manufacturer’s authorized tools and connectors for a given transmission line type.

The manufacturers of transmission line typically offer instruction and certification for transmission line termination, and may also provide videos illustrating the process. There is no amount of extra care, education, precision, and effort that can be overstated for this process.

Once the transmission line is connected to the antenna, traverse the exact route provided by the site planner. There is often a need for a small excess of transmission line near the antenna to accommodate both the need for extra slack as the antenna is loosened and moved for the alignment process, and to accommodate a drip loop for the transmission line and the initial transmission line securing hardware and grounding near the antenna. In addition, the transmission line is typically very stiff, and can provide undue pulling force on the antenna connector. Take care to align the cable with the connector so that it does not provide any torque or strain on the connector.

Consult your transmission line manufacturer for the proper transportation, hoisting, securing, and grounding process. Always be very mindful of the entire length of transmission line to ensure that the transmission line is never twisted, kinked, or over-bent beyond the specified bend radius. Once a transmission line is over-bent or kinked, it will likely never recover its specified characteristics, even after straightening, and will often be completely unusable.

The opposite end of this primary transmission line typically terminates at the building or enclosure egress point. This is where to locate the RF lightning arrestor. Ensure that a proper termination to the connector-type of the lightning arrestor is made at this location. A drip loop may be required and proper securing hardware and grounding must be accommod ated.

As soon as practical, weatherproof the connected ends of the transmission line to the antenna and lightning arrestor. This process should be delayed as long as possible to ensure that all systems are working properly before applying the weatherproofing. Once weatherproofing is applied, it may have to be removed for testing or installation modification. With this in mind, if the installation is occurring during inclement weather, take extra care at all times to ensure that no moisture enters any connector at any time. If moisture is suspected to have compromised the antenna or transmission line, it may render those devices useless without any means for remedy except for full replacement.

Indoor Mounting

On rare occasions the antenna can be mounted indoors behind a window. In these cases, there would not be a need for drip loops or an RF lightning arrestor. Use a very short transmission line connected directly between the antenna and the radio mounted nearby. The weatherproofing process can also be omitted.

RF Lightning Arrestor

RF lightning arrestors provide a direct path to ground for lightning strikes th at may couple to or directly hit the outdoor transmission system or antenna structure. The RF lightning arrestor prevents any associated voltage and current from entering the building or enclosure, where it might harm the radio equipment, other equipment, or humans.

The following lightning arrestors are examples of proper devices for Exalt Digital Microwave Radios:

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• Polyphaser AL-LSXM

• Citel PRC5800

Mount and ground the RF lightning arrestor in accordance to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Place it as close as possible to the egress point where the next piece of transmission line enters the building or enclosure. Minimize the distance to the egress to lessen the opportunity for lightning to couple to or strike the unprotected section of transmission line (if any). Where possible, use a bulkhead connector to eliminate any opportunity of this risk. Keep cable lengths behind the arrestor and into the egress substantially short (less than 3'/1m) as a safe practice. Consult a qualified electrician or installer in all cases of grounding and lightning arrestor implementation.

Transmission Line from Egress to Radio

A single transmission line section from the egress to the radio RF connection is always desired. Minimize the number of connectors and adapters. For indoor runs, a cable ladder or tray may be needed to properly secure the cable. In some cases, a short flexible jumper allows ease of connection to the radio’s RF connector. A properly specified 90º connector can often eliminate this need. An installation with space around the radio to accommodate a gentle bend radius of the transmission line is also good for a direct connection. In all cases, ensure that the transmission line is not a pulling force of the RF connector on the radio. Transmission lines can be very stiff and can damage the connector if not dressed properly. Also, follow the transmission line manufacturer’s instructions for the proper use of cable securing devices.

Antenna Alignment

Antennas must be installed at both ends of the planned link to commence precision alignment. Refer to the Exalt white paper, Antenna Alignment.

Antennas are typically aligned using the radio hardware for precise alignment. However, there are many very useful tools available to aid in this process, inclusive of devices specifically designed for the purpose of aligning antennas. Some examples are:

• XL Microwave Path Align-R

• Teletronics 17-402

Use of these devices may be extremely advantageous as compared to using the radio, because they employ many unique facilities to aid in this process. Using these tools also makes it possible to align the antennas before the radio equipment is delivered. However, many installers successfully use the radios as the means for antenna alignment.

There are two primary facilities when using the radio to align the antenna:

• RSL voltage test point using a volt meter (recommended)

The RSL test point DC voltage is inversely proportional and numerically calibrated to the received signal level. The voltage rises as the antennas are less in alignment, and falls as antennas are more in alignment. The voltage measurement corresponds to the received signal level in measurements of dBm (a negative number for RSL measurements). For example, an RSL of -60dBm yields an RSL voltage measurement of 0.60VDC; an RSL of -45dBm measures 0.45VDC.

• GUI RSL reading indicates the current RSL in dBm.

Alignment of the antennas using the RSL test point can be accomplished in the following ways:

• Radio near or at antenna location

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– Temporarily connect the radio to the antenna using a short piece of transmission line, so that

the radio is very close to the antenna location

– Run wires, as necessary, from the RSL test point to the volt meter so that the antenna

installer can directly view the volt meter

Note: Using this method, the final RSL voltage readings during alignment may be different (better) than the planned RSL, due to the short RF transmission line. Use the path calculation tool to determine the RSL that should result in this temporary configuration to ensure proper ideal alignment.

• Run separate wires from radio mounted location to antenna location

– Temporarily connect a set of wires from the RSL test point to the antenna location, to allow

the radio installer to use a local volt meter

Note: Due to the resistance of the cable, the RSL readings might be impacted. Use the thickest wiring possible. Test the impact of the voltage reading due to the wiring by comparing a direct measurement at the RSL test point as opposed to the end of the wiring.

• RF/DC coupler

Install a temporary DC coupling device at the radio antenna port and at the antenna connector. Connect the RSL test point to the radio antenna port coupler, and the volt meter to the antenna connector coupler. See DC Coupler for Antenna Alignment

for more information

• Verbal relay/walkie-talkie/mobile radio/cell phone

– A person located at the radio front panel can use a short-range communication device or verbal

relay to communicate to the antenna installer and read off RSL voltage measurements

Only use the browser-based GUI for antenna alignment if there is no other means available. If this method is required, refer to Exalt Graphical User Interface (GUI) PC or any handheld computing device that supports an HTML browser and Ethernet connectivity.

Note: There is a slight delay in RSL readings in the GUI as the RSL levels change. In this case, fine alignment can be done in small adjustments allowing a small gap of time so that the impact of the adjustment on the GUI display catches up to real time.

. The RSL reading can be read on a

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Configuration and Management

This section describes the command line interface (CLI) and Exalt graphical user interface (GUI).

Command Line Interface (CLI)

Exalt Digital Microwave Radios provide a CLI to set key parameters on the system. Use the Console port for serial devices, or use the Ethernet MAIN or AUX ports for a Telnet session over a network connection.

Connect to the Radio with a Serial Connection

For serial interface to the CONSOLE port, on your PC, PDA, dumb terminal, or any othe r device with a serial interface and text input capabilities, use Hyperterminal or a similar application with the following settings:

Bits per second: 9600 Data bits: 8 Parity: None Stop bits: 1 Flow Control: None

Use a standard straight-through serial cable to connect between most computer serial ports and the Console port on the radio. A null modem cable is not properly wired for this interface. See Interface

Connections for wiring details.

After establishing the serial connection, press ENTER to display the login prompt.

Telnet into the Command Line Interface (CLI)

Use a Telnet connection to access the CLI in the Exalt Digital Microwave Radios. Use the CLI to set key parameters on the system.

Connect to the Radio in a Telnet Session

Make the Telnet connection to the radio through the Ethernet port. Use Windows and perform the following steps:

1 Open a command prompt or MS-DOS prompt (Start>Run). 2 Type C:\>Telnet <IP Address> at the command line:

The default IP address is 10.0.0.1

Note: The accessing computer must be on the same IP subnet as the radio. If the radio supports DHCP and DHCP is enabled (see Ethernet Interface Configuration Page the default setting for a radio shipped from Exalt (for the models with this feature), and your computer’s Ethernet port is set for DHCP addressing, the radio will configure your computer to an IP address value which is either 2 or 10 higher than the radio’s current IP address (for example, if the radio is set to 10.0.0.1, the computer will be set to 10.0.0.3 or 10.0.0.11, depending on the radio model and the software version running on the radio).

), which is

Use Telnet when prompted to enter the administration level login and password. The default administration login is admin and password is password. It is recommended that the default administration password be reset by performing a radio reset (see Reset to Critical Factory Settings

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Figure 19 shows the menu choices available after log in.

Figure 19 CLI root menu

The following selections can be made on all screens:

• 0 = back to previous screen

• 9 = help

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• Ctrl+\ (control and backslash keys) = exit session

Exalt Graphical User Interface (GUI)

The Exalt GUI is the primary user interface for configuring and troubleshooting the radio and radio system. A computer or hand-held device with a conventional HTML browser and Ethernet port is required. Microsoft Internet Explorer is the preferred browser. Netscape, Mozilla, and Firefox are also supported.

Preparing to Connect

If the radios are new, both radios are preconfigured as Radio B, and have the same IP address. The initial priority is to configure one radio to Radio A and assign different IP addresses, unique to each radio. There are two ways to change the IP address:

1 Reset the radio to the critical default factory settings (see Reset to Critical Factory Settings). 2 Connect to the GUI using the default IP address (10.0.0.1), and change the IP address through the

GUI interface.

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Note: To connect to the radio’s Ethernet port and use the GUI interface, the accessing computer must match the radio’s IP address subnet. It is therefore necessary to either change the radio’s IP address through the CLI to match the subnet of the computer, or change the computer’s IP address to match the subnet of the radio (such as, a computer IP address of

10.0.0.10 if trying to connect to a radio set to the factory default IP address of 10.0.0.1). If the radio supports DHCP and DHCP is enabled (see Ethernet Interface Configuration

Page), which is the default setting for a radio shipped from Exalt (for the models with this

feature), and your computer’s Ethernet port is set for DHCP addressing, the radio will configure your computer to an IP address value which is either 2 or 10 higher than the radio’s current IP address (for example, if the radio is set to 10.0.0.1, the computer will be set to

10.0.0.3 or 10.0.0.11, depending on the radio model and the software version running on the radio).

To configure a radio as Radio A, connect to the GUI and change the configuration, as discussed in this section.

Log In

Use the following steps to log in to the Exalt GUI.

1 Open a browser window.

Microsoft Internet Explorer is the recommended browser. Netscape, Mozilla, and Firefox are also supported. If there are issues with your browser, please report it to Exalt Customer Care. You may be required to use a different browser to immediately overcome issues.

2 Type the IP address of the radio in the address bar.

Figure 20 Initiating the browser connection

The following window displays after pressing the Enter key or clicking the Go button in the browser window.

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Figure 21 Browser Login screens–model dependent

Note: Some models support SSL/SSH secure browser management, and display the login screen on the right. Browser security can be enabled or disabled for these models.

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Login Privileges

There are two levels of login privileges:

• Administrator (admin) – assigned complete permissions to view, edit, and configure

• User (user) – assigned limited, view-only permissions with no edit or configuration rights

The default login names and passwords are as follows:

Table 5 Default login information

Privilege level User name Default password Alt ernat e password

Administrator admin password Admin

User user password User

a. Early firmware versions use the alternate passwords.

Administrator login credentials are required for configuration purposes. Type the user name and passwords for Administrator level and click OK. The following screen displays.

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Figure 22 Radio Information page

Quick Start

To establish a link on the bench, apply the following basic configurations to the radio terminal. Use the steps in the Quick Start Guide included with the radio. A summary of the items that need to be configured are:

• Radio IP address for each end.

– Each end must have a different IP address and cannot match the accessing computer’s IP

address or any address assigned if radios are part of a larger network.

– It may be required to change the IP address of the accessing computer after changing the IP

address of the radio so that the IP subnet matches.

– The radio IP address is listed on the Administration Settings page.

• Install the Regulatory Domain Key (RDK) for RDK-enabled radios only.

– The radio is non-functional without the RDK. – RDK is entered on the Administration Settings Page – RDK references the unit’s serial number and the country/region where the radio will be

deployed.

– RDK is obtained through your Exalt Authorized reseller or distributor.

• Set one radio as Radio A.

– The radio selected as Radio A must be configured. – Radio A/B selection is the Endpoint Identifier parameter on the System Configuration page. – Even though both radios are set as Radio B by default, confirm this configuration on the radio

intended to be Radio B.

If all other parameters are still configured at their factory default settings, the radios can now be connected back-to-back to verify that the link is communicating and perform any other desired tests. See Back-to-back Bench Testing

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SUMMARY STATUS

NAVIGATION PANE

MAIN WINDOW

LINK TO

REMOTE RADIO

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Navigating the GUI describes each page of the GUI. Most configuration parameter settings are

intuitive. The following link parameters must match at both ends for the link to communicate:

• Link Security Key (Administration Settings Page)

• Bandwidth (File Transfer Page)

• RF Frequency (System Configuration page)

• Link Distance (System Configuration page)

• TDD Frame Size (System Configuration page)

Note: Changing any of these parameters causes a temporary loss of link. The GUI displays a warning and provides an opportunity to cancel changes.

Navigating the GUI

The GUI provides the primary interface for all configuration and management. There are three sections of the main GUI window:

• Summary status information section (upper-left corner)

• Navigation panel

• Main window

Figure 23 Exalt GUI window description

Summary Status Section

This section of the Exalt GUI provides a review of the system status.

In the screens in Figure 23, the top bar illustrates the alarm condition of the link. The information inside the bar is equivalent to the entry of the Link Name set by the administrator in the Administration Settings page.

The color of the panel indicates alarm status:

• Green indicates the system is communicating and all functions are normal

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Exalt Installation and Management Guide EX-i Series (TDD) Digital Microwave Radios

• Yellow indicates a minor non-traffic affecting alarm condition

• Red indicates a major traffic affecting alarm condition

The left panel summarizes the alarm conditions of the local radio (the radio that matches the IP address). The information displayed is the IP address and the endpoint identifier (Radio A or Radio B). The right panel summarizes the alarm conditions of the remote radio (the radio linked to the local radio).

Note: The ‘local’ radio might be the near-end or the far-end radio, depending on the management interface connection. The terms local and remote refer to the orientation of the radio terminals relative to the IP address you are managing. When making certain changes to a near-end radio without first making changes to the far-end radio, the link may become disconnected unless configuration changes are reverted to their original settings. When making changes that may disrupt the link, always change the far-end radio first, and then the near-end radio to match.

The Summary Status Section allows the Exalt GUI to be a rudimentary management system. Minimize the browser window to display just the top bar or the top bar and radio information, and open several browsers on the desktop. When a window status changes to yellow or red, you can quickly maximize that window to determine the issues.

Figure 24 Summary status information

Navigation Panel

In the navigation panel, pages with sub-pages have a plus (+) to the left of the pa ge link. Cli ck the plus sign or page name title to view sub-page titles. The pages can be collapsed to hide the sub-pages when a minus (–) sign appears to the left of the page link.

Management pages are indicated with an X to the left of the page name. Click the X or page name to display the page within the main window.

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Radio Information Page

This page provides general information about the local radio terminal. This information is helpful for troubleshooting and for record keeping.

Figure 25 Radio Information page

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Administration Settings Page

This page allows contains general parameters for the radio system. The Current Value column lists entries actual settings. Desired changes are entered in the New Value column.

Figure 26 Administration Settings page

As shown in Figure 27, on all pages changed fields display with an orange background. After all desired changes are entered, click the Update button to accept and enable changes.

Figure 27 Changed fields and Update button

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Most entries on this page are self-explanatory. The following lists unique or important parameters.

• Fill in the date and time fields as soon as practical. Events are captured with time/date stamps,

which is valuable information for troubleshooting.

• Set the Link Security Key to something other than the factory default setting (12 characters, all

zeros) at each end. The link security key must match at both sides of the link. If the security key remains at the factory setting, the radio link is open to sabotage by a party with the same radio model. Each link should have a unique security key. If using the same security key for every link in the network, the radio could link to any other radio with the same security key. This is problematic in multi-radio networks.

– Note that the security key must be exactly 12 characters. Any alphanumeric character can be

used. The link security key is case sensitive.

Note: Changing the link security key interrupts transmission until the opposite end is changed to match. Always change the far-end radio first, and then change the near-end radio.

• Reset the admin and user passwords. These passwords should not match. If the admin password

remains at the factory default setting, it provides an opportunity for random reassignment by a network-connected user.

– The new password must be entered twice. If the passwords do not match and the Update

button clicked, the password is not changed and remains set to the previous password.

• Enter the license key provided by Exalt to access extended features or diagnostic capabilities.

Click Update to accept the changes and enable the new features. License keys are issued by radio serial number, so ensure that the license key used was issued for this particular radio.

• The Regulatory Domain Key establishes the frequency bands, tuning frequencies, bandwidths,

output power and Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) requirements, in accordance with the regulations that apply in the country where the product is deployed. The RDK must be typed in to enable ANY functionality for the radio. The RDK is issued to the Exalt Authorized distributor or reseller, and is paired to the specific serial number of the radio.

• AES (Advance Encryption Standard) can be implemented to provide additional data security for

the wireless link. This function requires an upgrade license key (purchased separately). Both radios in the link must have a valid AES upgrade license key to implement AES. Different bitlength encryption license keys (for example, 128-bit and 256-bit) are al so avail ab le, de pend ing on model type. If the required upgrade license key is present, simply insert a matching hexadecimal string on both terminals and select the Enable AES On option for AES encryption. Note that similar to the administration and user passwords, the AES string must be entered twice for each terminal.

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Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Configuration

This page allows the enabling and disabling of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) functions. Use SNMP to manage networked devices and execute the following fun ctions:

• GET: Obtain information from the device, such as a configuration setting or parameter.

• SET: Change a configuration setting on the device.

• TRAP: The device proactively informs the management station of a change of state, usually used

for critical alarms or warnings. See SNMP Traps

Figure 28 SNMP Configuration page

Dropped links or management control issues do not occur with every parameter change. Many configuration changes do not impact traffic or management access.

EX-i Series (TDD) utilize SNMPv3, a high security version of SNMP, to ensure secure access to and storing of management data. The SNMPv3 security string matches the admin and user passwords. Passwords must be eight characters or longer.

The SNMP MIBs are organized similar to the GUI. Become familiar with the GUI before using the SNMP function.

SNMP v1/v2c/v3 Support Options

Enable the SNMPv1/v2c options to allow entering read and read/write community strings.

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Note: Users are encouraged to avoid enabling SNMPv1/V2c support due to known security loopholes in these protocols.

Enable the SNMPv3 options to allow entering read and read/write user names and passwords. These entries are de-coupled from the standard radio user names and passwords. SNMPv3 provides full management security.

SNMP Traps

SNMP traps alert the central network management system with important issues about the radio system. Trap filters are set on the Traps Configuration page (Figure 29). Not all i-Series radios support SNMP traps. Consult the release notes for more information.

Trap support for all versions of SNMP are provided and can be independently enabled. Enter the IP address(es) to which the traps are directed in the Trap Destination IP Address field. The AUX port (or the MAIN port when using in-band management) must be connected to the network to allow trap information to reach the designated IP address. In a bridged network, this may not require special network settings. In a routed network, the connected router must have a defined path for the IP address.

Figure 29 Trap Configuration page

Note: The Update button must be clicked to save any changes to this page.

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The following traps are available:

• Authentication Trap: This is an SNMP standard trap when password information for SNMP is

incorrect. This can help identify unwanted intrusions into the management system and for diagnosis of SNMP issues for valid users.

• Radio Reboot Trap: This trap is sent after any radio reboot to inform the manager of the reboot

status.

• Local/Remote Link Status Trap: This trap is sent when Link is in erroreds state (equivalent to the

Link LED on the radio front panel or the Link status bar in the upper-left of the Exalt GUI window).

• Local/Remote Status Trap: This trap is sent when Status is in errored state (equivalent to the Status

LED on the front panel or the radio status box in the upper-left of the Exalt GUI window).

• Local RSL Status Trap: This trap is sent when the local RSL drops below the value set in the

Threshold Value (dBm) field. Buffers are provided so that continuous traps are not sent if the RSL is bouncing near the set threshold value. This trap is reset only if the RSL rises to 3dBm above the set threshold value and then drops below that value. Exalt recommends that this trap be set to a value 5dBm or 10dBm above the threshold as a warning that the system has faded and may be approaching an outage.

• Temperature Status Trap: This trap is sent when the internal temperature reaches the warning

point. This conveys that the external temperature control is in a fault state. Buffers are applied to this trap to avoid multiple traps when the temperature remains near the warning point.

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File Transfer Page

This page allows the administrator to upload and download files to and from the radio. Three types of files can be uploaded: configuration, radio firmware, and Regulatory Domain Database (RDD). When uploading Configuration Files, current configuration parameters are immediately overwritten, and the unit automatically reboots. When uploading radio firmware files, the file is placed into reserve memory space. After the new radio firmware file uploads, use the File Activation page to enable the files (see File Activation Page

Figure 30 File Transfer page

Up to four types of files can be downloaded: radio firmware, configuration, MIB, and event log. The MIB file refers to the Management Information Base related to the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) function, and is only available on models which support SNMP. See Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Configuration for more information.

Note: Check the File Activation page before uploading radio firmware files. New file uploads overwrite the secondary file location. If important files reside in the primary or secondary file location, download them before uploading the new files. Only the active radio firmware file can be downloaded. Therefore, to download the reserve file, it must first be activated (using the Swap button). The current radio firmware and RDD versions can be viewed on the Radio

Information Page.

Note: Issues with the RDK may be caused when the Regulatory Domain Database (RDD) is not up to date. Go to the Exalt Web site to download the current RDD

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Use the following steps to download a file.

1 Select the type of file to download (configuration or radio firmware). 2 Click the Download button and wait for the radio to prepare the file for download. 3 For the MIB file download, a second page/link appears. 4 Left-click the link on the page to download the file to a desired location.

Figure 31 File Transfer page—download file link

File download and upload is useful when configuring several radios with similar settings. A copy of the configuration file can also help restore radio settings. In addition, a copy of the Exalt default configuration file is helpful to restore the radio to factory settings.

Note: Do not change the name of any download file. The configuration file must be named config.nv. To keep track of multiple configuration files, use a folder naming system or temporarily rename the file, however, it must be named config.nv before it can be uploaded to a radio. Never change radio firmware file names under any circumstances.

If copying the same configuration file into multiple radios, take as some parameters will match and that may be undesirable. However, it may be easier to change just a subset of parameters rather than every parameter. The following parameters can cause problems or confusion if they match at each of a link:

• Radio Name

• Endpoint Identifier

• IP Address

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• IP Subnet Mask

• Default Gateway

The following parameters can match at both ends of the link:

• Link Name

• Link Security Key (although each link should be different)

• Admin and User passwords

• Bandwidth

• RF Frequency

• Link Distance

• Ethernet configurations

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File Activation Page

Use this page to move stored or uploaded files for use on the radio. The page indicates which file is currently in use, and which file is available for use. Click the Swap button to place the file in the Alternative File column into the active state and move the file in the Current File column to the Alternative File column.

Figure 32 File Activation page

Note: In all cases, the radio reboots after a new file is selected using the Swap function. This places the radio out of service for a short time.

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Access Security Page

Note: As of this writing, this feature is not yet released on all models.

This feature allows all radio management interfaces such as HTTP, HTTPS, SSH, Telnet, and serial to be independently disabled/enabled. The default is all interfaces are enabled. Note that SNMP interfaces are independently enabled/disabled on the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Configuration page.

One management interface must be enabled at all times and the internal software ensures that one interface is always available.

Figure 33 Access Security page

The ‘reset to critical factory defaults’ procedure is labeled ‘Rescue’ on this page, and restores only those configurations required to access the radio (such as the IP address, mask, passwords, disables VLANs, and so on).

This feature also ensures that all management interfaces are enabled after reset. Note that ‘Rescue’ is the standard reset function and is recommended to retain all other configurations of the radio after a reset. The reset feature can then be changed to reset all configurations to factory defaults. When this feature is used, the entire radio configuration is changed back to the settings in the radio at

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manufacture, except for installed License Keys and/or Regulatory Domain Keys, which are retained even after a factory default reset.

For additional security, the Ethernet interfaces (MAIN and AUX) can be individually disabled. If both interfaces are disabled, no Ethernet traffic can pass across the radio link and Ethernet cannot be used for management. In this case, HTTP, HTTPS, Telnet, SSH, and all forms of SNMP are not available; the only available management interface is Serial. This is only appropriate for radios exclusively running TDM traffic (T1, E1, DS3), where serial access is sufficient. This feature is not available on all models.

Root access is used by Exalt for remote software diagnosis (if the radio is accessible over the Internet to Exalt and login credentials were provided). Root access is enabled by default.

Note: If root access is disabled, there are conditions where Exalt may not be able to address remotely that result in an RMA return that otherwise may not have been necessary had root access been enabled. For this reason, it is advised to leave root access enabled, unless there are significant concerns about access to the radio’s management ports where ‘hacking’ may try to attack the Telnet or serial interfaces to gain access to the radio’s root directory. To allay these types of issues, use private networks (such as VPN or VLAN) for management access.

If management security features on this page are used, then the management security features must be manually reconfigured after any reset. Alternatively, after a reset you can upload a configuration file to restore settings.

Note: Models with this management security feature that also have DIP switches on the front panel ignore DIP switch configuration after any reset.

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System Configuration Page

This page contains several critical system parameters.

Figure 34 System Configuration page

Note: For models requiring a Regulatory Domain Key (RDK), you must enter a valid RDK to edit this page.

Most entries on this page are self-explanatory. The following lists unique or important parameters.

• Set the Radio Transmit Power (dBm) parameter to the designed level. The professional installer

sets this value or dictates the value of this setting to the system administrator following the system design and local regulations. In many cases, this value must be set to a proper value to comply with legal restrictions. Improper values can result in liability to the user and/or installer.

Note: Changing Radio Transmit Power may temporarily interrupt traffic. Small changes in output power do not normally interrupt traffic, but larger changes may.

– Do not adjust the Radio Transmit Power parameter to a value higher than is legally allowed. – Do not adjust the Radio Transmit Power parameter lower than the link budget and fade margin

can afford.

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Note: The link may be lost and unrecoverable through GUI control. If the link is lost due to reduction of Radio Transmit Power, travel to the radio location(s) may be required to reset the value.

• Set the Bandwidth (MHz) parameter to the designed level. The value of this is determined in the

design/engineering stage. The Bandwidth parameter must also match at both ends of the link. In conjunction with the Mode parameter, the Bandwidth parameter directly relates to the capacity, latency, and the number of TDM circuits supported. The transmitter and receiver bandwidth are modified using this parameter, making it critical that it be set with respect to the local RF noise and interference profile, and/or in relation to any multi-link network design.

Note: Changing Bandwidth will temporarily interrupt traffic. The Bandwidth parameter must match at each end. Adjust the far-end radio first, and then the near-end radio. Changing Bandwidth changes the radio’s threshold. A narrower bandwidth has better threshold performance and improved interference immunity, therefore if changing to a wider bandwidth, there is an opportunity that the link may be lost and unrecoverable through GUI control. Check the available fade margin and interference profile to determine if the impact to threshold and increased bandwidth is acceptable to maintain the link and the desired performance. If the link is lost due to increasing the Bandwidth parameter, travel to the radio location(s) may be required to reset the value.

• Set the Mode parameter to the designed selection. The value of this setting is determined in the

design/engineering stage. The Mode parameter must match at both ends of the link. In conjunction with the Bandwidth parameter, the Mode parameter setting directly relates to the capacity of the system, as well as critical RF parameters, including receiver threshold, carrier-to-interference ratio, and in some cases, maximum radio transmit power.

Note: Changing Mode will temporarily interrupt traffic. The Mode setting must match at each end. Adjust the far-end radio first, and then the near-end radio. Changing Mode changes the radio’s threshold, carrier-to-interference ratio, and also may have impact on the Radio Transmit Power. A lower mode has better threshold performance and carrier-to-interference ratio, and in some cases, higher output power, therefore if changing to a higher mode (for example, from Mode 1 to Mode 2), there is an opportunity that the link may be lost and unrecoverable through GUI control. Check the available fade margin and interference profile, and determine if the impact to RF performance is sufficient to maintain the link and desired performance. If the link is lost due to increasing the Mode parameter, travel to the radio location(s) may be required to reset the value.

• Set the RF Frequency (GHz) parameter to the designed point. The value of this setting is

determined in the design/engineering stage. RF Frequency must match at both ends of the link. It may be critical to set RF Frequency with respect to the local RF noise and interference profiles, and/or in relation to any multi-link network design.

The frequency selection section includes the ability to select from either the complete list of frequencies (“All”) that can be tuned for the selected band and bandwidth, or, in some cases, a preselected list of non-overlapping center frequencies (“Preferred”) that Exalt determined provides the most flexible collocation opportunities for large networks of Exalt radios

The frequency selection section includes a band selection button that must be enabled for the frequency band of operation for which the link was engineered. Some bands may not be selectable due to regulatory constraints. Some bands also require Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS), based

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on the active RDK. DFS is automatically enabled for these bands and is selectable for all other bands.

Note: Changing RF Frequency will temporarily interrupt traffic. The RF Frequency parameter setting must match at each end. Adjust the far-end radio first, and then the near-end radio. If the RF Frequency parameter is changed to a frequency with interference, the link may be lost and unrecoverable through GUI control. If the link is lost due to changin g the RF Frequency parameter, travel to the radio location(s) may be required to reset the value.

• Set the Endpoint Identifier so that one end of the link is set to Radio A and the opposite end set to

Radio B. In single-link networks, it is unimportant which end is designated A or B. In multi-link networks, however, it may be important to orient the links so that at any collocation site (where there are multiple radios of the same type at the same site), all radios are set to the same Endpoint Identifier (A or B). See Link Orientation and Synchronization

Note: Changing the Endpoint Identifier parameter requires a reboot of the radio to take effect. The reboot temporarily interrupts traffic.

• DFS is automatically enabled for any band where required based on the regulations that match the

active RDK. For bands where DFS is not required, it can still be selected. For DFS to operate properly, set the antenna gain figure to match the installed transmission system gain (that is, the gain of the antenna minus all losses between the radio and the antenna).

Note: When DFS is enabled, the radio temporarily stops transmitting for at least 60 seconds to ensure that no radar interference is present. This is called “Channel Availability Check (CAC).” The DFS status displays on the Alarms Page

. Once CAC passes, the radio resumes normal operation. If at any time during CAC or regular operation a qualifying radar signature is detected, the radio shuts down communications for a minimum of 30 minutes. This is the Non-Occupancy Period (NOP). Transmission only resumes after the NOP completes and then only after a successful CAC.

• Set the Link Distance (miles) parameter to the range that is equal to or greater than the actual link

distance. The value of this setting is determined in the design/engineering stage.

Note: Changing the Link Distance parameter will temporarily interrupt traffic. The Link Distance setting must match at each end and must not be less than the actual link distance. Adjust the far-end radio first, and then the near-end radio. If the Link Distance parameter is changed to a setting less than the actual distance, the link may be lost and unrecoverable through GUI control. If the link is lost due to this situation, travel to the radio location(s) may be required to reset the value. If the Link Distance parameter setting is set to a distance unnecessarily higher than the actual link distance, the radio may have substantially reduced performance with respect to throughput and latency.

• Set the TDD Frame Size (ms) parameter to the designed level. The value of this setting is

determined in the design/engineering stage. The TDD Frame Size parameter must match at both ends of the link. The TDD Frame Size parameter setting directly relates to the capacity, latency, and number of TDM circuits that can be supported over the given link distance. In multi-link networks, especially where there are collocated links, it is also important to set all radios to the same TDD Frame Size setting to avoid self-interference. Future enhancement: The GPS or internal sync function may be necessary for these networks. See RF Output Power Setting

Orientation and Synchronization for more information.

and Link

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Note: Changing the TDD Frame Size parameter will temporarily interrupt traffic. TDD Frame Size parameters must match at each end. Adjust the far-end radio first, and then the near-end radio. If the TDD Frame Size parameter is set to a value that cannot be supported for the link distance, the link may be lost and unrecoverable through GUI control. If the link is lost due to this situation, travel to the radio location(s) may be required to reset the value.

• Set the TX/RX Throughput Ratio (%) parameter to program radio symmetry. The default setting is

50/50 for symmetrical, full-duplex throughput. Other throughput ratio options are 20/80, 80/20, and 65/35, 35/65. See Link Symmetry

For asymmetric throughput, only TDD frame size settings of 2ms and 5ms and RF Bandwidth settings of 16MHz and higher are supported. The 64MHz/Mode2 configuration does not support asymmetry due to capacity limitations of the 100BaseT interface.

• Radio Collocation enables the Sync feature. See Radio Synchronization.

• The External Alarm Inputs parameter can be ignored unless connecting external alarm sources to

the radio for monitoring the status of these external alarms through the radio management system (see Interface Connections

• Aggregate User Throughput parameter provides information about user capacity of the wireless

link, in the current configuration. The ‘new value’ column reflects throughput if changes are made to Bandwidth, Mode, Link Distance, and/or TDD Frame Size. Click the “Aggregate User Throughput” link for details on aggregate capacity.

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MHS Configuration Page

The -16 versions provide the Monitored Hot Standby (MHS) feature. The MHS kit is sold separately and requires a valid license key, which is included with the kit. The radio system can be configured for hardware redundancy at either end or both ends of the radio link. This configuration uses two radio terminals per end with special hardware and cabling that switches the standby radio into the path when the primary radio or its interfaces go offline. This minimizes any down-time for the link — especially for hard-to-reach radio locations or critical traffic applications. Figure 35 shows the MHS configuration screen.

Figure 35 MHS Configuration page Refer to the MHS Implementation Guide for more information.

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Ethernet Interface Configuration Page

This page allows the administrator to set the muting, alarm, and duplex settings of both the ETHERNET MAIN and AUX connections.

It also allows determination of the management information for in-band (carried over the air and available from both the MAIN and AUX connectors on either end of the link) or out-of-band (not carried over the air and only available from the local AUX connector).

Figure 36 Ethernet Interface Configuration page

To ignore Ethernet alarms, disable the alarming of the MAIN and/or connector. Muting the MAIN connection is desirable when connected equipment senses Ethernet signaling and makes decisions (such as, spanning tree protocol enable) based on the Ethernet signal. If the MAIN connection has muting enabled, the port is muted when the link is not active.

It may be desirable to disable the alarming of the AUX connector if it is not used. Set the Ethernet interfaces on the radio and connected equipment to 100/full-duplex for best

performance. If the Ethernet ports are set to auto-negotiation, poor throughput performance may be a result, as well as intermittent disconnections of the Ethernet connection.

Some models support the DHCP feature. When enabled, DHCP provides basic DHCP functions to ease interfacing with a computer. By default DHCP is enabled for models that support it. If the Ethernet port on the computer is set for DHCP addressing, on radio bootup (for up to 10 minutes) the radio provides an IP address to the computer that is either 2 or 10 higher than the radio’s current IP address (for example, if the radio’s IP address is 10.0.0.1, the computer will be set to 10.0.0.3 or

10.0.0.11, depending on the radio model and the software version running on the radio). The radio also senses any DHCP server on the network and, if detected, mutes its own internal DHCP function.

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VLAN Configuration Page

VLAN is disabled as the default setting for Exalt radios. The Exalt radios still pass VLAN and nonVLAN traffic across the link, but do not examine the VLAN traffic or act upon it. Enable VLAN using the Exalt GUI for expanded VLAN support.

Figure 37 VLAN Configuration page When VLAN is first enabled, all Ethernet interface ports (Aux and Main) are assigned as Default

VLAN, until the ports are configured with specific VLAN IDs. For example, a specific VLAN for

management access to the radio must be manually configured.

Note: Once a management VLAN is configured or modified and the Update button clicked, the management connection will likely be lost. The management connection to the radio must follow the configuration to the assigned VLAN. After configuring and enabling the management VLAN on the radio, reconfigure your network’s management access to match the settings on the radio.

If any VLANs are configured in addition to the management VLAN, the radio automatically discards traffic that not matching a configured VLAN. Non-tagged traffic, or traffic with tags matching VLANs that are not configured, do not flow across the radio link.

Up to 16 unique VLANs can be configured. VLAN ID numbering ranges from 1 to 4094. The Native (default) VLAN ID can be changed from the default setting. Every configured VLAN can also have a logical name to help track the function of each VLAN.

VLAN configurations are maintained even when VLAN is disabled. That is, the VLANs can be configured and the configuration saved, even though they are not active until VLAN is enabled. Use

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the following methods to restore the management connection if a mistake was made assigning the management VLAN and access cannot be restored:

• Reset the radio to the critical factory defaults (see Reset to Critical Factory Settings).

• Connect to the Console port using a serial interface and the CLI, as described in Command Line

Interface (CLI), and reconfigure the VLAN settings.

Note: Only one entry per VLAN ID is allowed. If the same VLAN ID is entered into the table more than once, the radio uses the first assignment found in the table and ignores duplicate entries.

Four VLAN configurations are provided:

• 802.1q Block Untagged: To pass desired VLANs across the radio, they must be listed in the lower

tables per their respective interfaces. All other traffic, including untagged traffic, is not passed across the link. The radio must be managed on a VLAN whose ID is set in the upper table. This management VLAN ID is available to any interface IDs listed in this lower table.

• 802.1q Pass Untagged: To pass desired VLANs across the radio, they must be listed in the lower

tables per their respective interfaces. All other VLAN traffic is not passed across the link, and untagged traffic is passed across the link with no changes. The radio must be managed on a VLAN whose ID is set in the upper table. This management VLAN ID is available to any interface IDs listed in this lower table.

• 802.1q Tag Untagged: To pass desired VLANs across the radio, they must be listed in the lower

tables per their respective interfaces. All other VLAN traffic is not passed across the link, and untagged traffic is tagged with the programmed Default VLAN, per interface, as set in the upper table. Any interface requiring the default VLAN ID to pass must have the Default VLAN ID listed in the table below. The radio must be managed on a VLAN whose ID is set in the upper table. This management VLAN ID is available to any interface IDs listed in the lower table.

• Management only: All traffic is passed transparently, except the radio is managed on an assigned

Management VLAN ID, as programmed in the upper table.

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T1/E1 Configuration Pages

These pages allow the administrator to selectively enable or disable the T1 or E1 circuits, one at a time. For enabled T1/E1 circuits, additional configuration, including loopback functions, are available. Disable the unused T1 or E1 so that the alarms are turned off and more throughput is allocated to the Ethernet interface. Every enabled T1 or E1 input, even if there is no T1 or E1 signal present, reduces the aggregate throughput of the Ethernet interface by roughly 3Mbps (for T1) or 4Mbps (for E1).

This page toggles between T1 and E1, as required, by clicking the Set to T1 or Set to E1 button. A warning displays that a reboot is necessary, and the radio reboots if the administrator continues. This will interrupt traffic. It may be necessary to re-login to the radio after the reboot completes. T1/E1 mode self-coordinates across the link if the link is active. This means that it only needs to be set while connected at one end. In addition, enabling and disabling T1/E1 circuits also self-coordinates across the link if the link is active. If a link is not active and T1/E1 enabling is a mismatch when a link is first created, the Radio A configuration for T1/E1 enabling supersedes the settings on the Radio B configuration, and changes the settings on Radio B.

Note: Certain combinations of the TDD Frame Size, Link Distance, Mode, and Bandwidth parameter settings limit the number of T1/E1 circuits that can be carried by the radio. In these cases, certain fields on the T1/E1 Interface Configuration pages are not available, starting with the highest port number. For example, for a 4x T1/E1 radio version, if only three (3) circuits can be carried, port 4 is not available for configuration and is disabled. If only two circuits can be carried, both ports 3 and 4 are not available. Increasing the TDD frame size and Mode parameters, and/or increasing the Bandwidth parameter results in an increase in the supported number of T1/E1 circuits.

T1 Interface Configuration Page

This page allows the administrator to enable/disable each individual T1 channel, set the Line Build Out (LBO), Line Code (either AMI or B8ZS), and AIS enabling/disabling for each input. If enabled, the radio places an AIS code on the output of the associated interface if and when the link fails or when there is no T1 signal available from the far end to provide the user at the local end. Loopback controls are also provided (see T1/E1 Loopback

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Figure 38 T1 Interface Configuration page

E1 Interface Configuration Page

This page allows the administrator to enable/disable each individual E1 channel. The AIS can also be enabled and disabled for each input. If enabled, the radio places an AIS code on the output of the associated interface if and when the link fails or when there is no E1 signal available from the far end to provide the user at the local end. Loopback controls are also provided (see T1/E1 Loopback

Figure 39 E1 Interface Configuration page

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T1/E1 Loopback

Loopback is provided for any enabled T1 or E1 port. As shown in Figu re 38 and Figure 39, the choices are:

• No Loopback (default)

• External (local)

• External (remote)

• Internal

Note: Only one Internal loopback can be enabled at any time.

All loopback configurations control the loop at the Line Interface integrated circuit, which is the device wired directly to the front panel ports.

External loopback modes are used in conjunction with an external test source. The designation of ‘local’ or ‘remote’ refers to where the loopback is occurring relative to the location where the loopback is implemented. That is, on the radio being accessed, if External (remote) is selected, this loops the signal back at the remote radio interface back towards the local radio. Likewise, if External (local) is selected, the signal loops back at the local interface towards the remote radio (Figure 40 and Figure

41).

Figure 40 External (remote) loopback

Figure 41 External (local) loo pback

When a local T1/E1 port is configured for External (remote) loopback, it is the same as configuring the remote radio for External (local) loopback.

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DS3 Configuration Page

This page allows the administrator to configure the DS3 interface (EX-5i-DS3 model only). The interface should be disabled if there is no DS3 connected. The associated throughput is then allocated to T1/E1 and/or Ethernet.

Figure 42 DS3 Configuration page

The Line Build Out (LBO) can be set for this interface. Also, the Automatic Insertion Signal (AIS) can be disabled, or set to an All-Ones (AIS) or All-Zeros (AOS) signal type. In addition, some loopback functions are provided, similar to the T1/E1 loopbacks described in T1/E1 Loopback

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GPS Information Page

This page provides information on how many GPS satellites are within the view of the Exalt GPS receiver. This page is active for implementations that include the GPS receiver connection for synchronization. This information can be helpful for troubleshooting GPS issues.

Figure 43 GPS Information page

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Alarms Page

This page provides an easy-to-read summary of the alarm status of both local and remote radios. The colors on this page reflect the color of the alarms displayed on the radio front panel. However, additional detail displays on this page to aid in quick assessment of issues and status.

Figure 44 Alarms page

Table 6 lists alarm status conditions that appear on this page.

Table 6 Alarm status indicators

Label Status

Link Indicates RF link status:

Green Solid = Error-free connection (BER<10e-6) Yellow Solid = Errored connection (10e-3>BER >10e-6) Red Solid = No link (BER>10e-3)

DFS Indicates the status of the Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS).

Green = No DFS activity, normal transmission Red = Either CAC or NOP is in progress.

Collocation Indicates the enabled/disabled status with Internal or GPS sync and curr ent a larm status.

Green Solid = Sync enabled and sync input present Yellow Solid = Sync enabled and missing proper sync input signal Grey = Disabled

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Table 6 Alarm status indicators (Continued)

Label Status

DS3 Indicates the status of the DS3 interface.

Green = Enabled and connection present Yellow = Disabled and connection present Red = Enabled and no connection present Grey = Disabled or unavailable due to configuration

Ethernet – Main Green Solid = Data present

Grey = Disabled Red Solid = No data present (and alarms are enabled)

Ethernet – Aux G reen Solid = Alarm enabled and connection present

Yellow Solid = Alarm enabled and connection not present Grey = Alarm disabled Red Solid = No data present (and alarms are enabled)

T1/E1 Input Green = Enabled and connection present (clocking confirmed)

Red = Enabled and no connection present Grey = Disabled or unavailable due to configuration

Temperature Green Solid = Normal temperature range

Yellow Solid = Exceeding normal temperature range

Internal Fan Indicates the internal fan status. There are 3 fans for redundancy

Green = Fan OK Yellow = Fan in alarm

External Inputs (1 and 2)

Indicates the status of the external alarm inputs from the ALARMS connector, in accordance with the open/closed logic defined on the System Configuration Page

. Green = Normal Yellow = In alarm

DIP Switch Indicates the status of the front panel DIP switch for models without Access Security.

Yellow = Enabled Grey = Disabled

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MHS Status Page

Note: MHS is a future enhancement.

For -16 models with the MHS option, the MHS Status page shows the present alarm status of the MHS functions. Figure 45 shows the MHS Status page.

Figure 45 MHS Status page Refer to the MHS Implementation Guide for more information.

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Performance Page

This page provides statistical information about the performance of the system in relation to the integrity of the user data and the RF link.

Figure 46 Performance page

• The Current BER field indicates the current bit error rate of the link. If the link is operating

perfectly, this should indicate zero. Generally, the link should remain at a BER less than 1x10 bit out of every million bits errored). This is the threshold performance specification and the standard to which the link was engineered. However, radio links can and are affected by weather, interference, and other external sources and will occasionally have a higher error rate. A link

remains operational unless the BER exceeds 1x10

-3

(1 bit out of every hundred bits errored). Consult the link design engineer for an understanding of the predicted error rate of the radio link as it has been designed.

Many applications are unaffected by bit errors, but TDM circuits (for example, T1 or E1) are more sensitive. Also, if the link operator is providing a service guarantee, this value may need to be monitored or examined in cases of service issues. The behavior of BER in relation to other alarms or measurements and external events can be very helpful in troubleshooting activities.

-6

• Current RSL is the measurement of the received signal level at the radio antenna port. This is the

measured level of the RF signal coming from the opposite end of the radio link. The link was engineered to a specific RSL by the link design engineer, and this RSL should be obtained during installation and remain relatively stable during the operation of the link. RSL can and will vary as a result of weather changes and other external sources, such as path obstructions. Once again, this variation was part of the original design to achieve a certain level of performance over time. Bit errors occur when the RSL falls to a level within roughly 3dB of the threshold specification. When the RSL falls below the threshold specification, the link disconnects and will not reconnect until the RSL is above the threshold specification. The behavior of RSL in relation to other alarms or measurements and external events can be very helpful in troubleshooting activities.

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• Errored Seconds (ES) indicates the total number of seconds that occurred where there was at least

one bit error since the last time that the radio statistics counter was reset. Generally, ES are not a significant concern, so long as they are not continuous or above the anticipated performance based on the original link engineering goals. If ES are continuous or at a high rate, this is normally an indication of poor link performance due to poor RSL or interference, or severe impact by weather or other environmental factors. However, similar to the performance factors previously listed, ES can and will occur in any radio link. Once again, consult the link engineer to determine the original design goals, and compare actual performance to these expectations to determine if any improvements are necessary or if other problems may be causing excessive ES.

Note: Unavailable Seconds do not register as ES. In other words, the ES counter counts all seconds that are errored NOT INCLUDING the seconds that were classified as unavailable. The total number of seconds with errors or outages is the sum of ES and Unavailable Seconds.

• Unavailable Seconds (also called UAS) are similar to ES, but this counter keeps track of every

second where the bit error rate equals or exceeds 1x10 complete loss of radio communication, over the period since the last counter reset. If Unavailable Seconds are continuous or at a high rate, this is normally an indication of poor link performance due to poor RSL or interference, or severe impact by weather or other environmental factors. However, similar to the performance factors listed above, Unavailable Seconds can and do occur in any radio link. Consult the link engineer to determine the original design goals, and compare actual performance to these expectations to determine if any improvements are necessary or if other problems may be causing excessive Unavailable Seconds.

-3

, as well as any seconds where there is a

• Minimum RSL indicates the worst (lowest) received signal level that occurred since the last

counter reset. It is helpful to know if the RSL dropped significantly from the normal level, or has reached a level near or below threshold.

• Minimum RSL Timestamp indicates the date and time when the Minimum RSL occurred. This is

helpful for general troubleshooting, and especially comparing to items in the event log or diagnostic charts from the same time period.

• Maximum RSL indicates the best (highest) RSL that occurred since the last counter reset. This

indicates the best performance of the radio link, which is normally equal to the installed value, and is usually the designed value.

• Time Since Reset indicates the amount of time passed since the last counter reset. This helps to

quantify the seriousness of other statistics, such as ES and Unavailable Seconds, if there have been high numbers of ES and/or Unavailable Seconds over a relatively short period of time.

All end-of-link statistics can be independently reset using the respective reset statistics button. It is good practice to reset the statistics during link commissioning (after all antenna alignment is complete and stable RSL at designed levels is achieved, and no more system reboots are anticipated). Regularly review this page to record performance and reset the statistics so that the counters can more precisely pinpoint issues.

Note: Resetting statistics from one end also resets the statistics for the same radio at the opposite end. That is, if the Local statistics are reset, logging into the remote end shows the Remote statistics on that end (which is the local radio in the first condition) as being reset at the same time.

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Event Log Page

Use this page to review a list of the events logged by the radio. The following items are listed in the event log:

• Alarms

• Alarms clearing (normal)

• Radio reboots

• Radio configuration changes

• System logins

Every event is tagged with the time that the event occurred, and a severity and type. The event log also allows filtering to limit the view of the log to only the level(s) of desired information.

The log contains the last 1000 events. Events are deleted on a FIFO basis, erasing the oldest entries to make room for the newest entries. The event log can be cleared and downloaded from the file transfer page (some models may require a software upgrade to enable this feature).

Figure 47 Event Log page

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User Throughput Page

This page illustrates the user throughput of the radio, as configured.

Exalt Installation and Management Guide

Figure 48 User Throughput page

Click the help icon ( ) to go to page on how this information is determined (Figure 49).

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Figure 49 Aggregate User Throughput Help page

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Diagnostic Charts Page

Use this page as an aid in troubleshooting. This page illustrates the historical (and current) performance for three parameters: RSL, Radio Temperature, and BER.

The horizontal scale illustrates 120 points of time measurement and is synchronized on all three graphs. The scale displays in minutes, hours, or days from the last two hours (120 minutes), five days (120 hours), or four months (120 days). All information is stored, so all of these periods are available for short- and long-term performance analysis. The right side of a graph represents the most recent measurement, and data ‘marches’ from the right-to-left at every interval.

The vertical scale of each chart independently scales to show the maximum resolution based on the maximum variation of the data over the selected time measurement.

Figure 50 Diagno stic Charts page

Use the cursor to point to any spot on any of the three charts, and all three charts illustrate the measurements taken for that time interval in the upper-left corner of each chart. The time interval is indicated by T=(value). This is followed by the value of the measurement, listing the highest value, lowest value and average value measured over that time interval.

For example, if the displayed time interval is minutes, and the cursor is held at the T=17 mark on the horizontal axis, the measurements shown indicate performance from 17 minutes ago. The high/low/ average values shown on each chart are measurements made across that specific one-minute interval.

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Changes in RSL often have an impact on BER, and this can be confirmed by looking for synchron ized events. When BER events occur without corresponding changes in RSL, this normally indicates interference, atmospheric changes, transmission system issues (such as problems with cables, connectors, or antennas), or possibly radio hardware problems.

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Spectrum Analyzer Page

The spectrum analyzer feature provides a useful pre-planning and troubleshooting tool. This feature is only available on radios with firmware supporting the spe ctrum analy zer. Pe rform a spectr um an alysis after deployment and just before commissioning to maintain a record of the spectrum at the time of deployment. Figure 51 shows the Spectrum Analyzer page.

Figure 51 Spectrum Analyzer page

While a professional spectrum analyzer provides higher levels of control and precision for preplanning, the Spectrum Analyzer page allows evaluation of the RF spectrum as seen at the radio’s RF input port prior to deployment. This is useful for pre-planning the center frequency and o ccupied bandwidth, and to determine polarization and antenna type and mounting locations.

For troubleshooting, enable the spectrum analyzer to scan the desired segment or full band of the frequency range. Select the step size and set the remote radio transmitter ON or OFF. This allows viewing of the clean spectrum without the remote transmitter on and a comparison of the remote transmitter in the midst of other signals.

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Note: Enabling the spectrum analyzer interrupts all radio traffic for the duration of the analysis. In addition, access to the radio’s GUI may also be interrupted, depending on the location of the interfaced computer relative to the radio where the spectrum analysis is occurring. The GUI is available at the completion of the spectrum analysis.

Use the smallest step size to obtain the finest view of the spectrum. The spectrum analyzer can be set to match the start and stop frequency for a dwell mode. Peak and average detection modes are also available. Peak detection is helpful for capturing intermittent events such as pulsed emissions.

It is best to set the Scan Time option to a time value as opposed to using the ‘infinity’ setting. If your management computer is connected to the radio through the radio link, access to the GUI is interrupted during the duration of the analysis.

Note: The result of selecting infinity may be complete loss of contact to that radio and may require a physical visit to the radio location to disable the spectrum analyzer.

The spectrum analyzer graph displays received signals in red, gray, or green (Figure 52), normalized in dBm to the resolution bandwidth of the analyzer. Red indicates the highest level detected during the entire scan. Gray indicates the lowest value seen during the scan. Green indicates the last value measured at that frequency.

Figure 52 Spectrum analyzer graph example

A completely green vertical box indicates that the signal maintained a steady level for the entire scan or that the last scan measured at a strong or stronger level than the rest of the analysis. A completely red vertical box indicates that there was a signal at some point during the scan, but that the signal was not detected at the last scan. A graph displaying green on the lower part and red at the upper part indicates that at some time during the scan, a signal was detected at a higher level than was detected during the last scan. A gray bar usually has a small green and/or red dot at the top or a green and/or red bar extending above it. The top of a gray bar indicates the lowest value seen during the scan.

The last spectrum analyzer scan performed displays in this page until the radio is rebooted. You can do a screen capture for record keeping and for comparison to future analyses. The time and date of the analysis displays on the page, which is handy as a reference in a screen capture.

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Ethernet Utilization Page

This page shows a chart for each Ethernet interface to illustrate inbound and outbound packet utilization. This is shown as a percentage of the interface configuration (that is, if your interface is set for 100BaseT, then 100% represents 100Mbps. Compare offered load (inbound) to delivered load (outbound) to determine if radio capacity is a bottleneck for the data transfer. This chart can illustrate inbound and/or outbound utilization, and uses different colors for data entry. The legend can be hidden.

Figure 53 Ethernet Utilization page

Note that outbound utilization never exceeds the rate where a radio is configured. For example, if the radio is configured for a 55 Mbps capacity, outbound utilization will never exceed 55 Mbps at 100BaseT.

The Ethernet Utilization Watermark level function allows administrators to receive an SNMP trap when watermark conditions are exceeded. For example, if a radio is configured for 55 Mbps capacity, the administrator may wish to be warned if the radio exceeds 50 Mbps for more than 1 hour per day. In this case, set the Watermark level to 50% and the trap duration to 60 minutes. Traps must be enabled to activate this function.

When the watermark level function is enabled, a line on the chart appears for data comparison to the watermark.

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Reboot Page

Use this page to reboot the radio. The function may never be required, but can be used in emergencies. All configurations that require a reboot automatically reboot on administrator confirmation.

Figure 54 Reboot page

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Manual Page

The manual (this document or the version that matches the installed firmware) is available within the GUI. Adobe Acrobat Reader 5.5 or higher is required (go to www.adobe.com Reader). Click the Manual link to display the manual within the browser window. Once the manual displays, click the save button on the PDF toolbar to download the manual locally.

to download Acrobat

Figure 55 Manual pa ge

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Mbps Mode 1 Mode 2

8 / 10 13 27 16 / 20MHz 27 55 32/40MHz 55 110

64MHz

110 216

EX-i Series (TDD) Digital Microwave Radios

Specifications

This section presents specifications for the i-Series of Digital Microwave Radios.

Physical Specifications

Physical Configuration S ingle-piece Indoor Unit (IDU) Dimensions (HxWxD), (std models) 1RU: 1.75" x 17" x 14"/ 4.5 x 43.2 x 35.6 cm Dimensions (HxWxD), (-16 models) 1.5RU: 2.63" x 17" x 14"/ 6.7 x 43.2 x 35.6 cm Weight (std models) 11.3 lbs/5.1 kg Weight (-16 models) 12 lbs/5.5kg Operating Temperature -13° +149°F /-25° to +65°C Altitude 15,000'/4.6 km Humidity 95% non-condensing Safety EN 60950-1, IEC 60950-1 EMC EN 301 489-17 (EX-5i and EX-2.4i series), FCC Part 15,

IC Part 15

Common System Specifications

Tuning Resolution 1MHz; 5MHz for EX-4.9i and some regulatory domains Power Control Step Size 0.5dB Selectable Modulation Modes Mode 1 (QPSK); Mode 2 (16QAM) Selectable Channel Bandwidths

8MHz, 16MHz, 32MHz, 64MHz

EX-4.9i and some regulatory domains:

10MHz, 20MHz, 40MHz Selectable Frame Lengths (ms) 0.5, 1, 2, 2.5, 4, 5 Maximum Aggregate User Capacity

Error Floor

-12

Frequency Stability +7 ppm Link Security 96-bit Security Code, optional NIST FIPS-197 compliant

128-bit or 256-bit AES encryption.

a. Not all bandwidth and mode combinations are available on all radio models. Some radios may require specific software license keys, which can be purchased from your authorized Exalt representative.

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dBm Mode 1 Mode 2

8MHz -88 -80 16MHz -85 -77 32MHz -82 -74

64MHz

-79 -71

Mode 1 Mode 2

8MHz 10M2W7D 9M9W7D 16MHz 17M3W7D 19M0W7D 32MHz 34M7W7D 36M0W7D 64MHz* 60M7W7D 61M3W7D

EX-i Series (TDD) Digital Microwave Radios

EX-2.4i System Specifications

Frequency Band 2400 to 2483.5MHz Tunable Range 2406 to 2468MHz Output Power (at full power) +27dBm (0.5W), Mode 1

+24dBm (0.25W), Mode 2 Output Power (at minimum power) +7dBm Selectable Channel Bandwidths

8MHz, 16MHz, 32MHz, 64MHz Receiver Threshold (BER=10-6)

Maximum RSL Mode 1: -25dBm error-free; 0dBm no damage Non-overlapping channels

8MHz: 8; 16MHz: 4; 32MHz: 2; 64 Regulatory Compliance FCC 15.247; IC RSS-210 FCC ID TTM-102P40I IC ID 6254A-102P40I Emission Designator(s)

: 1

a. 64MHz BW is enabled for the EX-2.4i though a firmware option. 64MHz BW is enabled for the EX-2.4i-16

when the 16xT1/E1 license key is enabled.

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dBm Mode 1 Mode 2

10MHz -86 -78 20MHz -83

-75

10MHz 8M72W7D 20MHz 19M0W7D

EX-i Series (TDD) Digital Microwave Radios

EX-4.9i System Specifications

Frequency Band 4940 to 4990 MHz Tunable Range 4945 to 4985 MHz Output Power (at full power, Mode 1) +24dBm (20MHz BW)

+22dBm (10MHz BW) Output Power (at minimum power) +4dBm Selectable Channel Bandwidths

10MHz, 20MHz Receiver Threshold (BER=10-6)

Maximum RSL Mode 1: -25dBm error-free; 0dBm no damage Non-overlapping channels 10MHz: 5; 20MHz: 2 Regulatory Compliance FCC Part 90; IC RSS-111 FCC ID TTM-104P90I IC ID 6254A-104P90I Emission Designator(s)

a. Mode 2 for 20MHz BW is enabled through firmware options for the EX-4.9i.

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dBm Mode 1 Mode 2

8/10MHz -86 -78 16/20MHz -83 -75 32/40MHz -80 -72

64MHz

-77 -69

8MHz 7M8W7D 16MHz 15M7W7D 32MHz 30M9W7D

64MHz

60M8W7D

EX-i Series (TDD) Digital Microwave Radios

EX-5i System Specifications, 5.3GHz Band

Frequency Band 5250 to 5350 MHz Tunable Range 5260 to 5332 MHz Output Power (at full power) +13dBm (0.02W) Output Power (at minimum power) -7dBm

Receiver Threshold (BER=10

Maximum RSL Mode 1: -25dBm error-free; 0dBm no damage Non-overlapping channels

Regulatory Compliance FCC 15.407; IC RSS-210 FCC ID TTM-105P25M IC ID 6254A-105P25I Emission Designator(s)

-6

)

8MHz: 10; 16MHz: 5; 32MHz: 2; 64MHz

: 1

a. 64MHz BW is enabled through a firmware option for the EX-5i. 64MHz BW is enabled when the 16xT1/E1

license key is enabled for the EX-5i-16.

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dBm Mode 1 Mode 2

8/10MHz -86 -78 16/20MHz -83 -75 32/40MHz -80 -72

64MHz

-77 -69

8MHz 8M27W7D 16MHz 16M7W7D 32MHz 33M0W7D

64MHz

65M0W7D

EX-i Series (TDD) Digital Microwave Radios

EX-5i System Specifications, 5.4GHz Band

Frequency Band 5470 to 5725 MHz Tunable Range 5488 to 5715 MHz Output Power (at full power) +13dBm (0.02W) Output Power (at minimum power) -7dBm

Receiver Threshold (BER=10

Maximum RSL Mode 1: -25dBm error-free; 0dBm no damage Non-overlapping channels

Regulatory Compliance FCC 15.407; IC RSS-210 FCC ID: TTM-105P25M IC ID: 6254A-105P25I Emission Designator(s)

-6

)

8MHz: 29; 16MHz: 14; 32MHz: 7; 64MHz

: 3

a. 64MHz BW is enabled through a firmware option for the EX-5i. 64MHz BW is enabled when the 16xT1/E1

license key is enabled for the EX-5i-16.

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(dBm) Mode 1 Mode 2

8/10MHz -86 -78 16/20MHz -83 -75 32MHz -80 -72

64MHz

-77 -69

8MHz 8M4W7D 16MHz 16M7W7D 32MHz 33M1W7D

64MHz

64M5W7D

EX-i Series (TDD) Digital Microwave Radios

EX-5i System Specifications, 5.8GHz Band

Frequency Band 5725 to 5850 MHz Tunable Range 5731 to 5844 MHz Output Power (at full power) +24dBm (0.25W), Mode 1

+21dBm (0.13W), Mode 2

Output Power (at minimum power) +4dBm Receiver Threshold (BER=10

Maximum RSL Mode 1: -25dBm error-free; 0dBm no damage Non-overlapping channels

Regulatory Compliance FCC 15.407 (b) (4) (ii); IC RSS-210 FCC ID TTM-105P25M IC ID 6254A-105P25I Emission Designator(s)

-6

)

8MHz: 15; 16MHz: 7; 32MHz: 3; 64MHz

: 1

a. 64MHz BW is enabled through a firmware option for the EX-5i. 64MHz BW is enabled when the 16xT1/E1

license key is enabled for the EX-5i-16.

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Interfaces

Connector N-type female Impedance 50 Ohms

T1/E1 (x4 or x16)

Connector RJ-45 (RJ48C), female T1 Impedance 100 Ohms, balanced T1 Line Codes AMI, B8ZS, selectable T1 LBO Settings (in ft.) 0-133, 133-266, 266-399, 399-533, 533-655 T1 Clocking Speed 1.544 Mbps T1 Compliance ANSI T1.102-1987; ITU-T; G.823; GR-49T-CORE E1 Impedance 120 Ohms, balanced E1 Line Codes HDB3 E1 Clocking Speed 2.048 Mbps E1 Compliance CEPT-1; G.703; ITU-T-G703

DS3

Connector BNC, female (x2, In/Out) DS3 Impedance 75 Ohms, unbalanced DS3 Line Code B3 ZS DS3 LBO Settings (in ft.) 0-133, 1330266, 266-399, 399-533, 533-655 DS3 Clocking Speed 44.736 Mbps DS3 Compliance ANSI T1.102-1993; GR-499-CORE

Ethernet (x2)

Connectors RJ-45, female, auto-MDIX Interface Speed 10 or 100 Mbps Duplex Half, full, auto, selectable Compliance 802.3

Console (Serial)

Connector 9-pin sub-D, female Interface Speed 9600 bps Compliance EIA-574 DTE (RS-232)

Alarm

Connector 9-pin sub-D, female Inputs (2) TTL/Closure Outputs (2) Relay (Form C)

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Sync (In and Out)

Connector RJ45, female Signal 1 pps (GPS)

Power

Connector 6-pin barrier strip Input Voltage (EX-2.4i) 40–60VDC (most EX-2.4i radios conform to the same

power as EX-5i below, the front panel of the radio indicates the proper input per the manufacturing date of

the radio) Consumption (EX-2.4i) <34W (0.7A @ 48V) Input Voltage (EX-5i and EX-4.9i) 20–6 0VDC Consumption (EX-5i and EX-4.9i) <38.5W (0.8A @ 48V; 1.6A @ 24V) Input Voltage (-16 models and DS3 models) 20–60VDC Consumption (-16 models and DS3 models) < 45W (0.9A @ 48V; 1.8A @ 24V)

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Pin Function

1 Tip Out (from radio) 2 Ring Out (from radio) 3 Ground 4 Tip In (to radio) 5 Ring In (to radio) 6 Ground 7 Unused 8 Unused

EX-i Series (TDD) Digital Microwave Radios

Interface Connections

This section provides the pin number assignment and wiring information for the connectors on the i-Series radios. All connectors are shown as viewed from the radio front panel.

T1/E1 Connections

There are two orientations of T1/E1 connections. Channels 1 and 2 have the securing tab towards the top of the connector while Channels 3 and 4 have the securing tab towards the bottom of the connector. Figure 56 illustrates the pin orientation and functionality of these connectors.

Figure 56 T1/E1 connectors

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Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

EX-i Series (TDD)

Digital Microwave Radios

Installation and Management Guide

Legal Notice

Open-Source License Information

Table of Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

About this Document

Revision History

Icons

Introduction

Related Documentation and Software

The Exalt i-Series Digital Microwave Radios

Pre-installation Tasks

Link Engineering and Site Planning

Familiarization with the i-Series Radios

Shipping Box Contents

Initial Configuration and Back-to-Back Bench Test

RF Output Power Setting

Time Division Duplex (TDD) Factors

Link Orientation and Synchronization

Radio A/B Configuration

Radio Synchronization

Synchronization Modes

Internal Synchronization

External Synchronization

Offset Timing

When Sync is Lost

LEDs

Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)

Link Symmetry

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

System Installation and Initiation Process

Record Keeping

Installation

Mechanical Configuration and Mounting

Rack Mounting

Table or Rack Shelf Mounting the System

Radio Ports and Indicators

Connector Overview

LED Indicators

RMT (Remote) Button

Power

Terminating the RF Connector

AC Power

DC Power

Reset to Critical Factory Settings

Antenna/Transmission System

Initial Antenna Mounting

Transmission Line from Antenna to Egress

RF Lightning Arrestor

Transmission Line from Egress to Radio

Antenna Alignment

Configuration and Management

Command Line Interface (CLI)

Connect to the Radio with a Serial Connection

Telnet into the Command Line Interface (CLI)

Connect to the Radio in a Telnet Session

Exalt Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Preparing to Connect

Log In

Login Privileges

Quick Start

Navigating the GUI

Summary Status Section

Navigation Panel

Radio Information Page

Administration Settings Page

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Configuration

SNMP v1/v2c/v3 Support Options

SNMP Traps

File Transfer Page

File Activation Page

Access Security Page

System Configuration Page