Page 1
Mini8
TM
User
Manual
Mini8 Multi-loop Process Controller
Version 2.68.
HA028581/15
November 2015
Eurotherm
Page 2
Page 3
MINI8 CONTROLLER: ENGINEERING HANDBOOK
HA028581 Page 1
Issue 15 Nov 15 CN33941
Mini8 controller – Multi-Loop Process Controller
WARNING BACK UP BATTERY................................................................................................................................................8
1. CHAPTER 1 INSTALLATION .............................................................................................................................. 10
1.1 What Instrument Do I Have? ...................................................................................................................... 10
1.2 Mini8 Controller Ordering Code ............................................................................................................... 11
1.3 How to Install the Controller ...................................................................................................................... 12
1.3.1 Dimensions................................................................................................................................................................. 12
1.3.2 To Install the Controller ............................................................................................................................................ 12
1.3.3 Environmental Requirements .................................................................................................................................. 12
1.4 Electrical Connections – Common to All Instruments ............................................................................ 13
1.4.1 Power Supply ............................................................................................................................................................. 13
1.4.2 Fixed IO Connections ............................................................................................................................................... 14
1.4.3 Digital Communications Connections .................................................................................................................... 14
1.4.4 Configuration Port (CC) ........................................................................................................................................... 14
1.4.5 Screened Communications Cables ......................................................................................................................... 14
1.5 Electrical Connections for Modbus ........................................................................................................... 15
1.5.1 Modbus Connectors ................................................................................................................................................. 15
1.5.2 RS485 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 15
1.5.3 Direct Connection - Master and One Slave ........................................................................................................... 16
1.5.4 RS485 to RS232 Converter ....................................................................................................................................... 17
1.5.5 One Master, Multiple slaves Short Network........................................................................................................... 18
1.5.6 Wiring Connections for Modbus Broadcast Communications ............................................................................ 19
1.6 Electrical Connections for DeviceNet / CANopen .................................................................................. 20
1.6.1 DeviceNet Connector ............................................................................................................................................... 20
1.6.2 Network Length ......................................................................................................................................................... 21
1.6.3 Typical DeviceNet / CANopen Wiring Diagram .................................................................................................... 21
1.7 Electrical Connections for Enhanced DeviceNet Interface .................................................................... 22
1.7.1 Enhanced DeviceNet Connector ............................................................................................................................. 22
1.7.2 Switches and LED Indicators .................................................................................................................................... 22
1.8 Electrical Connections for Profibus DP ..................................................................................................... 23
1.8.1 Profibus Interface (D-Type Connector) ................................................................................................................... 23
1.8.2 Profibus Interface (RJ45 Connector) ....................................................................................................................... 23
1.9 Electrical Connections for EtherNet (Modbus TCP) ............................................................................... 24
1.9.1 Connector: RJ45: ....................................................................................................................................................... 24
1.10 Electrical Connections for EtherNet/IP ..................................................................................................... 25
1.10.1 Connector: RJ45: .................................................................................................................................................. 25
1.11 Electrical Connections for EtherCAT ......................................................................................................... 26
1.11.1 Connector: RJ45: .................................................................................................................................................. 26
1.12 Electrical Connections for Thermocouple Input TC4 and TC8 ............................................................. 27
1.13 Electrical Connections for RTD .................................................................................................................. 27
1.14 Electrical Connections for Logic Input DI8 ............................................................................................... 28
1.15 Electrical Connections for Logic Output DO8 ......................................................................................... 28
1.16 Electrical Connections for Inductive Loads .............................................................................................. 28
1.17 Electrical Connections for Relay Output RL8 ........................................................................................... 29
1.18 Electrical Connections for Analogue Output AO4 and AO8 ................................................................ 29
1.19 Electrical Connections for Current Transformer Input Module CT3 .................................................... 30
1.20 Adding or Replacing an IO Module. ......................................................................................................... 31
2. CHAPTER 2 MINI8 CONTROLLER LED INDICATORS ................................................................................... 32
2.1 Status Indication for Enhanced DeviceNet .............................................................................................. 33
2.1.1 Module Status Indication .......................................................................................................................................... 33
2.1.2 Network Status Indication ........................................................................................................................................ 33
2.2 Status Indication for EtherNet/IP ............................................................................................................... 34
2.2.1 Module Status Indication .......................................................................................................................................... 34
2.2.2 Network Status Indication ........................................................................................................................................ 34
2.3 Status LEDs for EtherCAT ............................................................................................................................ 35
2.3.1 ‘OP’ – Mini8 Run Status Indication ........................................................................................................................... 35
2.3.2 ‘CC’ - Configuration Port Status Indication ............................................................................................................ 35
2.3.3 ‘RUN’ – EtherCAT Slave Run Status Indication ...................................................................................................... 35
2.3.4 ‘ERR’ – Error Status Indication ................................................................................................................................. 35
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3. CHAPTER 3 USING THE MINI8 CONTROLLER ............................................................................................... 36
3.1 iTools .............................................................................................................................................................. 36
3.1.1 iTools OPC Open server ........................................................................................................................................... 36
3.2 Modbus, single register, SCADA addressing .......................................................................................... 36
3.3 Modbus (Floating Point) ............................................................................................................................. 37
3.4 Fieldbus ......................................................................................................................................................... 37
3.5 EtherNet (Modbus TCP) .............................................................................................................................. 37
3.6 Mini8 Controller Execution ......................................................................................................................... 37
3.7 The iTools Operator Interface .................................................................................................................... 38
3.7.1 Scanning ..................................................................................................................................................................... 38
3.7.2 Browsing and Changing Parameter Values ........................................................................................................... 38
3.8 Recipe Editor ................................................................................................................................................ 40
3.8.1 Recipe Menu Commands ......................................................................................................................................... 40
3.9 OPCScope ..................................................................................................................................................... 41
3.9.1 OPC Scope List Window Context Menu ................................................................................................................. 42
3.9.2 OPC Scope Chart Window ....................................................................................................................................... 42
3.9.3 OPC Server ................................................................................................................................................................. 44
4. CHAPTER 4 CONFIGURATION USING ITOOLS ............................................................................................. 45
4.1 Configuration ................................................................................................................................................ 45
4.1.1 On-Line/Off-line Configuration ............................................................................................................................... 45
4.2 Connecting a PC to the Mini8 Controller ................................................................................................. 45
4.2.1 Configuration Cable and Clip .................................................................................................................................. 45
4.2.2 Scanning ..................................................................................................................................................................... 45
4.3 Cloning ........................................................................................................................................................... 46
4.4 Configuring the Mini8 Controller .............................................................................................................. 47
4.4.1 Function Blocks .......................................................................................................................................................... 47
4.4.2 Soft Wiring .................................................................................................................................................................. 48
4.5 Simple Worked Example ............................................................................................................................ 49
4.5.1 The I/O ........................................................................................................................................................................ 49
4.5.2 Wiring ......................................................................................................................................................................... 52
4.6 Graphical Wiring Editor .............................................................................................................................. 55
4.6.1 Graphical Wiring Toolbar ......................................................................................................................................... 56
4.6.2 Function Block ........................................................................................................................................................... 56
4.6.3 Wire ............................................................................................................................................................................. 56
4.6.4 Block Execution Order .............................................................................................................................................. 56
4.6.5 Using Function Blocks............................................................................................................................................... 56
4.6.6 Tooltips ....................................................................................................................................................................... 57
4.6.7 Function Block State ................................................................................................................................................. 58
4.6.8 Using Wires ................................................................................................................................................................ 59
4.6.9 Using Comments ....................................................................................................................................................... 60
4.6.10 Using Monitors ...................................................................................................................................................... 61
4.6.11 Downloading ......................................................................................................................................................... 61
4.6.12 Selections ............................................................................................................................................................... 61
4.6.13 Colours ................................................................................................................................................................... 62
4.6.14 Diagram Context Menu ....................................................................................................................................... 62
4.6.15 Wiring Floats with Status Information ................................................................................................................ 63
4.6.16 Edge Wires ............................................................................................................................................................ 64
5. CHAPTER 5 MINI8 CONTROLLER OVERVIEW .............................................................................................. 65
5.1 Complete list of Function Blocks. .............................................................................................................. 66
6. CHAPTER 6 ACCESS FOLDER .......................................................................................................................... 67
7. CHAPTER 7 INSTRUMENT FOLDER ................................................................................................................ 68
7.1 Instrument / Enables .................................................................................................................................... 68
7.2 Instrument Options ...................................................................................................................................... 69
7.3 Instrument / InstInfo ..................................................................................................................................... 69
7.4 Instrument / Diagnostics ............................................................................................................................. 70
8. CHAPTER 8 I/O FOLDER ................................................................................................................................... 72
8.1 Module ID ...................................................................................................................................................... 72
8.1.1 Modules ...................................................................................................................................................................... 72
8.2 Logic Input ..................................................................................................................................................... 73
8.2.1 Logic Input Parameters ............................................................................................................................................. 73
8.3 Logic Output ................................................................................................................................................. 74
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8.3.1
Logic Out Parameters ............................................................................................................................................... 74
8.3.2 Logic Output Scaling ................................................................................................................................................ 75
8.3.3 Example: To Scale a Proportioning Logic Output ............................................................................................... 75
8.4 Relay Output ................................................................................................................................................. 76
8.4.1 Relay Parameters ....................................................................................................................................................... 76
8.5 Thermocouple Input .................................................................................................................................... 77
8.5.1 Thermocouple Input Parameters ............................................................................................................................ 77
8.5.2 Linearisation Types and Ranges .............................................................................................................................. 79
8.5.3 CJC Type .................................................................................................................................................................... 79
8.5.4 Sensor Break Value ................................................................................................................................................... 80
8.5.5 Fallback ....................................................................................................................................................................... 80
8.5.6 User Calibration (Two Point) .................................................................................................................................... 81
8.5.7 PV Offset (Single Point) ............................................................................................................................................. 81
8.5.8 Using TC4 or TC8 channel as a mV input ............................................................................................................... 82
8.6 Resistance Thermometer Input .................................................................................................................. 83
8.6.1 RT Input Parameters .................................................................................................................................................. 83
8.6.2 Linearisation Types and Ranges .............................................................................................................................. 84
8.6.3 Using RT4 as mA input .............................................................................................................................................. 84
8.7 Analogue Output ......................................................................................................................................... 85
8.7.1 Example: 4 to 20mA Analogue Output ................................................................................................................. 85
8.8 Fixed IO ......................................................................................................................................................... 86
8.9 Current Monitor ............................................................................................................................................ 87
8.9.1 Current Measurement ............................................................................................................................................... 87
8.9.2 Single Phase Configurations .................................................................................................................................... 88
8.9.3 Three Phase Configuration ...................................................................................................................................... 90
8.9.4 Parameter Configuration .......................................................................................................................................... 91
8.9.5 Commissioning ................................................................................................................. ......................................... 92
8.9.6 Calibration .................................................................................................................................................................. 94
9. CHAPTER 9 ALARMS .......................................................................................................................................... 95
9.1 Further Alarm Definitions ........................................................................................................................... 95
9.2 Analogue Alarms .......................................................................................................................................... 96
9.2.1 Analogue Alarm Types ............................................................................................................................................. 96
9.3 Digital Alarms ............................................................................................................................................... 97
9.3.1 Digital Alarm Types ................................................................................................................................................... 97
9.4 Alarm Outputs .............................................................................................................................................. 97
9.4.1 How Alarms are Indicated ........................................................................................................................................ 97
9.4.2 To Acknowledge an Alarm ....................................................................................................................................... 97
9.5 Alarm Parameters ......................................................................................................................................... 98
9.5.1 Example: To Configure Alarm 1 ............................................................................................................................. 99
9.6 Digital Alarm Parameters ......................................................................................................................... 100
9.6.1 Example: To Configure DigAlarm 1 ..................................................................................................................... 100
9.7 Alarm Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 101
9.8 Alarm Log ................................................................................................................................................... 103
10. CHAPTER 10 BCD INPUT ................................................................................................................................ 104
10.1 BCD Parameters ........................................................................................................................................ 104
10.1.1 Example: To wire a BCD Input ......................................................................................................................... 105
11. CHAPTER 11 DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS ................................................................................................ 106
11.1 Configuration Port (CC) ........................................................................................................................... 106
11.1.1 Configuration Communications Parameters ................................................................................................... 106
11.2 Field Communications Port (FC) ............................................................................................................. 107
11.2.1 Communications Identity ................................................................................................................................... 107
11.3 Modbus ....................................................................................................................................................... 108
11.3.1 Modbus Connections ......................................................................................................................................... 108
11.3.2 Modbus Address Switch .................................................................................................................................... 108
11.3.3 Baud Rate ............................................................................................................................................................. 108
11.3.4 Parity ..................................................................................................................................................................... 108
11.3.5 RX/TX Delay Time ............................................................................................................................................... 108
11.4 Modbus Broadcast Master Communications ....................................................................................... 109
11.4.1 Mini8 Controller Broadcast Master .................................................................................................................. 109
11.4.2 Modbus Parameters ........................................................................................................................................... 110
11.5 DeviceNet ................................................................................................................................................... 111
11.6 Enhanced DeviceNet Interface ............................................................................................................... 111
11.6.1 Address Switch .................................................................................................................................................... 111
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11.6.2
Baud Switch ......................................................................................................................................................... 111
11.7 Switch Position in iTools .......................................................................................................................... 111
11.7.1 DeviceNet Parameters ....................................................................................................................................... 112
11.8 CANopen .................................................................................................................................................... 113
11.8.1 Instrument setup ................................................................................................................................................. 113
11.8.2 Mini8 Controller CANopen Features ............................................................................................................... 113
11.8.3 Communication Interface .................................................................................................................................. 114
11.8.4 Network Management (NMT) ........................................................................................................................... 115
11.8.5 Device Profile DS-404 ........................................................................................................................................ 116
11.8.6 Default PDOs ....................................................................................................................................................... 116
11.8.7 Enabling and Disabling PDO Communications ............................................................................................. 119
11.8.8 Changing PDO Mapping ................................................................................................................................... 119
11.8.9 Remapping over the network ........................................................................................................................... 122
11.8.10 Enabling & Disabling PDO Change of State transmission. ........................................................................... 124
11.8.11 General Communication Objects ..................................................................................................................... 124
11.9 Profibus ....................................................................................................................................................... 129
11.9.1 Profibus Parameters ........................................................................................................................................... 129
11.10 EtherNet (Modbus TCP) ...................................................................................................................... 130
11.10.1 Instrument setup ................................................................................................................................................. 130
11.10.2 Unit Identity ......................................................................................................................................................... 130
11.10.3 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Settings ................................................................................ 130
11.10.4 iTools Setup ......................................................................................................................................................... 131
11.10.5 EtherNet Parameters .......................................................................................................................................... 132
11.11 EtherNet/IP ............................................................................................................................................ 133
11.11.1 Feature Switch ..................................................................................................................................................... 133
11.11.2 Configuration using iTools ................................................................................................................................ 133
11.11.3 EtherNet/IP Parameters ..................................................................................................................................... 134
11.11.4 Input Definition Table ........................................................................................................................................ 135
11.11.5 Output Definition Table ..................................................................................................................................... 136
11.11.6 Requested Packet Interval ................................................................................................................................. 136
11.12 Example - Connect Mini8 Controller to Allen-Bradley PLC via EtherNet/IP ............................... 137
11.12.1 Installation............................................................................................................................................................ 137
11.12.2 Setting Up The Link Between Windows And The Plc Network ..................................................................... 137
11.12.3 Updating Firmware ............................................................................................................................................. 139
11.12.4 Completing the Link ........................................................................................................................................... 139
11.12.5 Creating a Network Scanner ............................................................................................................................. 141
11.12.6 Create or Load a Mini8 Controller Configuration .......................................................................................... 144
11.12.7 Run Mode ............................................................................................................................................................ 145
11.12.8 Monitor Parameters ............................................................................................................................................ 146
11.12.9 Status Indicators .................................................................................................................................................. 146
11.12.10 Mini8 Controller on an Ethernet/Ip Network .............................................................................................. 147
11.12.11 TROUBLESHOOTING .................................................................................................................................... 148
11.13 EtherCAT ................................................................................................................................................ 149
11.13.1 EtherCAT-to-Modbus Interface ......................................................................................................................... 149
11.13.2 EtherCAT Feature Switch ................................................................................................................................... 149
11.13.3 EtherCAT Parameters ......................................................................................................................................... 150
11.13.4 Parameter pick list and IO Mapping ................................................................................................................ 151
11.14 File over EtherCAT ................................................................................................................................ 152
11.14.1 To produce a UID File ........................................................................................................................................ 153
11.14.2 Precautions .......................................................................................................................................................... 153
11.15 Trademark .............................................................................................................................................. 154
12. CHAPTER 12 COUNTERS, TIMERS, TOTALISERS, RT CLOCK ................................................................ 155
12.1 Counters ..................................................................................................................................................... 155
12.1.1 Counter Parameters ........................................................................................................................................... 156
12.2 Timers .......................................................................................................................................................... 157
12.2.1 Timer Types ......................................................................................................................................................... 157
12.2.2 On Pulse Timer Mode ........................................................................................................................................ 157
12.2.3 On Delay Timer Mode ........................................................................................................................................ 158
12.2.4 One Shot Timer Mode ....................................................................................................................................... 159
12.2.5 Minimum On Timer or Compressor Mode ...................................................................................................... 160
12.2.6 Timer Parameters ................................................................................................................................................ 161
12.3 Totalisers..................................................................................................................................................... 162
12.3.1 Totaliser Parameters ........................................................................................................................................... 163
12.4 Real Time Clock ......................................................................................................................................... 164
12.4.1 Real Time Clock Parameters .............................................................................................................................. 164
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13. CHAPTER 13 APPLICATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 165
13.1 Humidity ..................................................................................................................................................... 165
13.1.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................................................. 165
13.1.2 Temperature Control of an Environmental Chamber .................................................................................... 165
13.1.3 Humidity Control of an Environmental Chamber ........................................................................................... 165
13.1.4 Humidity Parameters .......................................................................................................................................... 166
13.2 Zirconia (Carbon Potential) Control ....................................................................................................... 167
13.2.1 Temperature Control ......................................................................................................................................... 167
13.2.2 Carbon Potential Control ................................................................................................................................... 167
13.2.3 Sooting Alarm ..................................................................................................................................................... 167
13.2.4 Automatic Probe Cleaning ................................................................................................................................ 167
13.2.5 Endothermic Gas Correction ............................................................................................................................ 167
13.2.6 Clean Probe ......................................................................................................................................................... 167
13.2.7 Probe Status ........................................................................................................................................................ 167
13.2.8 Zirconia Parameters ............................................................................................................................................ 168
14. CHAPTER 14 INPUT MONITOR ..................................................................................................................... 170
14.1 Description ................................................................................................................................................. 170
14.1.1 Maximum Detect ................................................................................................................................................. 170
14.1.2 Minimum Detect ................................................................................................................................................. 170
14.1.3 Time Above Threshold....................................................................................................................................... 170
14.2 Input Monitor Parameters ........................................................................................................................ 171
15. CHAPTER 15 LOGIC AND MATHS OPERATORS. ...................................................................................... 172
15.1 Logic Operators ......................................................................................................................................... 172
15.1.1 Logic 8 .................................................................................................................................................................. 172
15.1.2 2 input Logic Operations ................................................................................................................................... 173
15.1.3 Logic Operator Parameters ............................................................................................................................... 174
15.2 Eight Input Logic Operators .................................................................................................................... 175
15.3 Maths Operators ....................................................................................................................................... 176
15.3.1 Math Operations ................................................................................................................................................. 177
15.3.2 Math Operator Parameters................................................................................................................................ 178
15.3.3 Sample and Hold Operation ............................................................................................................................. 179
15.4 Multiple Input Operator Block ................................................................................................................ 180
15.4.1 Cascaded operation ........................................................................................................................................... 181
15.4.2 Fallback Strategy ................................................................................................................................................ 181
15.4.3 Multiple Input Operator Block Parameters ..................................................................................................... 182
15.5 Eight Input Analog Multiplexers ............................................................................................................. 183
15.5.1 Multiple Input Operator Parameters ................................................................................................................ 183
15.5.2 Fallback ................................................................................................................................................................ 183
16. CHAPTER 16 INPUT CHARACTERISATION ................................................................................................. 184
16.1 Input Linearisation .................................................................................................................................... 184
16.1.1 Compensation for Sensor Non-Linearities ...................................................................................................... 185
16.1.2 Input Linearisation Parameters ......................................................................................................................... 186
16.2 Polynomial .................................................................................................................................................. 187
17. CHAPTER 17 LOAD ......................................................................................................................................... 189
17.1 Load Parameters ....................................................................................................................................... 189
18. CHAPTER 18 CONTROL LOOP SET UP ....................................................................................................... 190
18.1 What is a Control Loop? ........................................................................................................................... 190
18.2 Loop Parameters – Main ........................................................................................................................... 191
18.3 Loop Set up ................................................................................................................................................ 192
18.3.1 Types of Control Loop ....................................................................................................................................... 192
18.4 PID Control ................................................................................................................................................. 193
18.4.1 Proportional Band .............................................................................................................................................. 194
18.4.2 Integral Term ....................................................................................................................................................... 194
18.4.3 Derivative Term ................................................................................................................................................... 195
18.4.4 High and Low Cutback ....................................................................................................................................... 196
18.4.5 Integral action and manual reset ...................................................................................................................... 196
18.4.6 Relative Cool Gain .............................................................................................................................................. 196
18.4.7 Loop Break .......................................................................................................................................................... 197
18.4.8 Cooling Algorithm .............................................................................................................................................. 197
18.4.9 Gain Scheduling ................................................................................................................................................. 198
18.4.10 PID Parameters .................................................................................................................................................... 199
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18.5.1
Loop Response ................................................................................................................................................... 200
18.5.2 Initial Settings ...................................................................................................................................................... 200
18.5.3 Multi-zone applications. ..................................................................................................................................... 201
18.5.4 Automatic Tuning ............................................................................................................................................... 202
18.5.5 Tune Parameters ................................................................................................................................................. 203
18.5.6 To Auto Tune a Loop - Initial Settings .............................................................................................................. 203
18.5.7 To Start Autotune ................................................................................................................................................ 204
18.5.8 Autotune and Sensor Break .............................................................................................................................. 204
18.5.9 Autotune and Inhibit .......................................................................................................................................... 204
18.5.10 Autotune and Gain Scheduling ........................................................................................................................ 204
18.5.11 Autotune from Below SP – Heat/Cool .............................................................................................................. 205
18.5.12 Autotune From Below SP – Heat Only .............................................................................................................. 206
18.5.13 Autotune at Setpoint – Heat/Cool ..................................................................................................................... 207
18.5.14 Failure Modes ..................................................................................................................................................... 208
18.5.15 Manual Tuning .................................................................................................................................................... 209
18.5.16 Manually Setting Relative Cool Gain ................................................................................................................ 209
18.5.17 Manually Setting the Cutback Values ............................................................................................................... 210
18.6 Setpoint Function Block ........................................................................................................................... 211
18.6.1 Setpoint Function Block ..................................................................................................................................... 211
18.6.2 SP Tracking .......................................................................................................................................................... 212
18.6.3 Manual Tracking ................................................................................................................................................. 212
18.6.4 Rate Limit ............................................................................................................................................................. 212
18.6.5 Setpoint Parameters ........................................................................................................................................... 212
18.6.6 Setpoint Limits..................................................................................................................................................... 214
18.6.7 Setpoint Rate Limit.............................................................................................................................................. 214
18.6.8 Setpoint Tracking ................................................................................................................................................ 215
18.6.9 Manual Tracking ................................................................................................................................................. 215
18.7 Output Function Block ............................................................................................................................. 216
18.7.1 Output Limits ....................................................................................................................................................... 219
18.7.2 Output Rate Limit ................................................................................................................................................ 220
18.7.3 Sensor Break Mode ............................................................................................................................................ 220
18.7.4 Forced Output .................................................................................................................................................... 220
18.7.5 Feedforward ........................................................................................................................................................ 221
18.7.6 Effect of Control Action, Hysteresis and Deadband ...................................................................................... 222
19. CHAPTER 19 SETPOINT PROGRAMMER ................................................................................................... 223
19.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 223
19.1.1 Time to Target Programmer .............................................................................................................................. 223
19.1.2 Ramp Rate Programmer .................................................................................................................................... 224
19.2 Mini8 Controller Programmer Block(s) .................................................................................................. 224
19.3 Segment Types .......................................................................................................................................... 225
19.3.1 Rate ....................................................................................................................................................................... 225
19.3.2 Dwell ..................................................................................................................................................................... 225
19.3.3 Step ...................................................................................................................................................................... 225
19.3.4 Time ...................................................................................................................................................................... 225
19.3.5 GoBack ................................................................................................................................................................. 225
19.3.6 Wait....................................................................................................................................................................... 226
19.3.7 End ........................................................................................................................................................................ 226
19.4 Output Events ............................................................................................................................................ 227
19.4.1 Digital Events....................................................................................................................................................... 227
19.4.2 PV Event & User Value ........................................................................................................................................ 228
19.4.3 Time Event ........................................................................................................................................................... 229
19.5 Holdback .................................................................................................................................................... 231
19.5.1 Guaranteed Soak ................................................................................................................................................ 231
19.6 PID Select ................................................................................................................................................... 232
19.7 Program Cycles .......................................................................................................................................... 232
19.7.1 Servo..................................................................................................................................................................... 232
19.8 Power Fail Recovery ................................................................................................................................. 233
19.8.1 Ramp (Power fail during Dwell segments.) ..................................................................................................... 233
19.8.2 Ramp (power fail during Ramp segments) ...................................................................................................... 233
19.8.3 Ramp (power fail during Time-to-target segments) ....................................................................................... 233
19.9 To Run, Hold or Reset a Program ........................................................................................................... 234
19.9.1 Run ........................................................................................................................................................................ 234
19.9.2 Reset ..................................................................................................................................................................... 234
19.9.3 Hold ...................................................................................................................................................................... 234
19.9.4 Skip segment ....................................................................................................................................................... 234
19.9.5 Advance segment ............................................................................................................................................... 235
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19.9.6
Fast ....................................................................................................................................................................... 235
19.10 PV Start ................................................................................................................................................... 235
19.11 Configuring the Programmer ............................................................................................................. 236
19.12 Programmer Run Status ....................................................................................................................... 239
19.13 Creating a Program .............................................................................................................................. 240
19.14 Program Editor ...................................................................................................................................... 240
19.14.1 Analog View ........................................................................................................................................................ 241
19.14.2 Digital View .......................................................................................................................................................... 243
19.14.3 Saving & Loading Programs .............................................................................................................................. 243
19.14.4 Printing a Program .............................................................................................................................................. 244
19.15 Wiring the Programmer Function Block. .......................................................................................... 245
20. CHAPTER 20 SWITCH OVER .......................................................................................................................... 247
20.1 Switch Over Parameters ........................................................................................................................... 248
21. CHAPTER 21 TRANSDUCER SCALING ........................................................................................................ 249
21.1 Auto-Tare Calibration ............................................................................................................................... 249
21.2 Load Cell ..................................................................................................................................................... 250
21.3 Comparison Calibration ........................................................................................................................... 250
21.4 Transducer Scaling Parameters .............................................................................................................. 250
21.4.1 Parameter Notes ................................................................................................................................................. 252
21.4.2 Tare Calibration .................................................................................................................................................. 252
21.4.3 Load Cell .............................................................................................................................................................. 253
21.4.4 Comparison Calibration .................................................................................................................................... 253
22. CHAPTER 22 USER VALUES ........................................................................................................................... 254
22.1 User Value Parameters ............................................................................................................................. 254
23. CHAPTER 23 CALIBRATION .......................................................................................................................... 255
23.1 TC4 / TC8 User calibration ....................................................................................................................... 255
23.1.1 Set Up ................................................................................................................................................................... 255
23.1.2 Zero Calibration .................................................................................................................................................. 255
23.1.3 Voltage Calibration ............................................................................................................................................ 255
23.1.4 CJC Calibration ................................................................................................................................................... 255
23.1.5 Sensor-Break Limit Check .................................................................................................................................. 255
23.2 To Return to TC4/TC8 Factory Calibration ........................................................................................... 256
23.3 RT4 User calibration .................................................................................................................................. 256
23.3.1 Set Up ................................................................................................................................................................... 256
23.3.2 Calibration ........................................................................................................................................................... 256
23.4 To Return to RT4 Factory Calibration .................................................................................................... 256
23.5 Calibration Parameters ............................................................................................................................ 257
24. CHAPTER 24 OEM SECURITY ........................................................................................................................ 258
24.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 258
24.2 Using OEM Security .................................................................................................................................. 258
24.3 Step 1 – View iTools OPC Server ............................................................................................................ 259
24.4 Step 2 – Create Custom Tags .................................................................................................................. 260
24.5 Step 3 – Activate OEM Security .............................................................................................................. 262
24.6 Step 4 – Deactivate OEM Security .......................................................................................................... 263
24.7 Erasing Memory ........................................................................................................................................ 263
25. APPENDIX A MODBUS SCADA TABLE ........................................................................................................ 264
25.1 Comms Table ............................................................................................................................................. 264
25.2 SCADA Table ............................................................................................................................................. 264
25.2.1 Programmer Address Ranges - Decimal ......................................................................................................... 294
25.2.2 Version 2.xx Programmer Addresses - Hexadecimal ..................................................................................... 301
26. APPENDIX B DEVICENET PARAMETER TABLES ........................................................................................ 308
26.1 IO Re-Mapping Object ............................................................................................................................. 308
26.2 Application Variables Object .................................................................................................................. 309
26.2.1 Table Modification .............................................................................................................................................. 313
27. APPENDIX C CANOPEN PARAMETER TABLES.......................................................................................... 314
27.1 Manufacturer Object – Pick List .............................................................................................................. 314
28. APPENDIX D VERSION 1.XX PROGRAMMER ............................................................................................. 318
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MINI8 CONTROLLER: ENGINEERING HANDBOOK
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Issue 15 Nov 15
28.1 Version 1.xx Parameter Tables ............................................................................................................... 318
28.1.1 Configuring the Programmer (V1.xx) ............................................................................................................... 318
28.1.2 To Select, Run, Hold or Reset a Program (V1.xx). ........................................................................................... 319
28.1.3 Creating a Program (V1.xx) ............................................................................................................................... 319
28.1.4 To Select, Run, Hold or Reset a Program (Version 1.xx) ............................................................................... 320
28.2 SCADA addresses for Programmer Version 1.xx ................................................................................. 320
29. APPENDIX E SAFETY AND EMC INFORMATION ...................................................................................... 326
30. APPENDIX F TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ................................................................................................. 329
30.1 Environmental Specification ................................................................................................................... 329
30.2 Network Communications Support ....................................................................................................... 329
30.3 Configuration Communications Support .............................................................................................. 329
30.4 Fixed I/O Resources .................................................................................................................................. 330
30.5 TC8 8-Channel and TC4 4-Channel TC Input Card .............................................................................. 330
30.6 DO8 8-Channel Digital Output Card ..................................................................................................... 331
30.7 RL8 8-Channel Relay Output Card ......................................................................................................... 331
30.8 CT3 3-Channel Current-Transformer Input Card ................................................................................. 331
30.9 Load Failure Detection ............................................................................................................................. 331
30.10 DI8 8-Channel Digital Input Card ....................................................................................................... 332
30.11 RT4 Resistance Thermometer Input Card ......................................................................................... 332
30.12 AO8 8-Channel and AO4 4-Channel 4-20mA Output Card .......................................................... 332
30.13 Recipes ................................................................................................................................................... 332
30.14 Toolkit Blocks ........................................................................................................................................ 333
30.15 PID Control Loop Blocks ...................................................................................................................... 333
30.16 Process Alarms ...................................................................................................................................... 333
30.17 Setpoint Programmer ........................................................................................................................... 333
31. PARAMETER INDEX .......................................................................................................................................... 334
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MINI8 CONTROLLER: ENGINEERING HANDBOOK
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Issue 15 Nov 15
Issue Record of This Manual
Issue 6 includes Enhanced Devicenet Communications.
Issue 7 corrects terminal numbers in Example 2 section 8.9.2.1, adds references to iTools in sections 1.12 and 1.13 and
adds to section 11.8 ‘Note: from July 09 CANopen option has been discontinued’.
Issue 8 clarifies and completes table 1.6.1.1 (Module status indication), and modifies the specification for Digital inputs
in sections 30.4 and 30.10.
Issue 9 Section 1.6 thin trunk line length changed from 100m to 40m for baud rate of 1M.
Issue 10 adds two parameters ‘ServoToPV’ and ‘SPIntBal’ to the Setpoint Parameter List, update to order code, improve
fallback description, timer and sample and hold diagrams.
Issue 11 adds EtherNet/IP.
Issue 12 adds the Battery Warning below:
!
Warning
Back up Battery
This instrument is fitted with a
battery designed to retain
configuration and other settings
in the event of a failure of the
instrument power supply.
This battery has an expected life
of 10 years minimum at a
nominal ambient working
temperature (e.g. 25OC).
The battery life may be reduced
if it is consistently operated in
an elevated ambient
temperature environment.
Maintenance Schedule
A battery failure is only evident following a failure of the instrument power supply.
The battery should be replaced at regular intervals. Between 6 and 10 years is
recommended depending on usage and operating temperature. The battery is
not user serviceable, contact your local service centre to make suitable
arrangements.
On older instruments contact your supplier to have the battery replaced prior to
failure. The age of the instrument is shown on the side label. This contains a
serial number, where the last four characters either show the week number and
year of manufacture WW YY, or a date in the format UK YYWW.
It is important to maintain a record of instrument configurations or use
Eurotherm iTools to make clone copies of fully working instruments. This is
described in section 4.3. Store this securely as a back up to be used to restore
the configuration.
Issue 13 adds section 1.16 Inductive Loads.
Issue 14 adds EtherCat communications and additional Modbus connection details.
Issue 15 adds the Precautions statement in section 11.14.2.
Page 12
MINI8 CONTROLLER: ENGINEERING HANDBOOK
Page 10 HA028581
Issue 15 Nov 15
Mini8 Multi-Loop Process Controller
1. Chapter 1 Installation
1.1 What Instrument Do I Have?
Thank you for choosing this Mini 8 Controller.
The Mini8 controller is a compact DIN rail mounting multi-loop PID controller and data acquisition unit. It offers a choice
of I/O and a choice of field communications.
The Mini8 controller mounts on 35mm Top Hat DIN Rail. It is intended for permanent installation, for indoor use only,
and to be enclosed in an electrical panel or cabinet.
The Mini8 controller is pre-assembled in the factory to give the I/O required for the application as specified in the order
code. With standard applications the Mini8 controller is also supplied configured. Alternatively, the Mini8 controller is
configured using Eurotherm’s iTools configuration suite running on a personal computer.
All Safety & EMC information is in Appendix E.
The full Technical Specification is in Appendix F.
Whenever the symbol
appears in this handbook it indicates a helpful hint
Page 13
MINI8 CONTROLLER: ENGINEERING HANDBOOK
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Issue 15 Nov 15
1.2 Mini8 Controller Ordering Code
MINI8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Accessories
SubMini8/Mechanics/Mtgplate Bulkhead mounting plate SubMini8/Cable/RJ45/0.5 Network 0.5m RS485 cable
SubMini8/Shunt/249R.1
2.49Ω 0.1% Burden resistor
SubMini8/CD/Std Config tools and manuals
SubMini8/Resistor/Term/Mbus/RJ45 Modbus load terminator SubMini8/Cable/Config Config cable
SubMini8/Resistor/Term/Pbus/RJ45 Profibus load terminator SubMini8/Manual/Inst Installation booklet
SubMini8/Cable/RJ45/3.0 Network 3.0m RS485 cable SubMini8/Manual/Eng Engineering manual
18 Special
XXXXX No special
YYNNNN Special number
1 Basic Product
MINI8 Mini8 Controller
2 Control Loops
ACQ
IO Acquisition only (not with EC8). No
loops enabled.
4LP 4 Control loops
8LP 8 Control loops
16LP 16 Control loops
3 Programs
0PRG No Programs
1PRG 1 Profile – 50 programs
XPRG
Multi-profile – 50 programs
If 4 loops are ordered, 4 programmers are
supplied. If 8 or 16 loops are ordered 8
programmers are supplied
4 PSU
VL 24Vdc
5 Communications
MODBUS Non Isolated Modbus RTU slave
ISOLMBUS Isolated Modbus RTU slave
DEVICENET DeviceNet Slave
PBUSRJ45
Profibus Slave RJ45 (Profibus motherboard
fitted)
PBUS9PIN
Profibus Slave 9 pin D type (Profibus
motherboard fitted)
ENETMBUS EtherNet Modbus TCP /IP Slave
CANopen Slave (no longer available)
DNETMI2 DeviceNet M12 connector slave
ENETIP EtherNet/IP
ETHERCAT
EtherCAT (Slave) (Available from version
V2.7)
6 Temperature Units
C Centigrade
F Fahrenheit
7 - 10 IO Slots 1, 2, 3, 4
XXX No module fitted
TC4 4 Channel TC Input
TC8 8 Channel TC Input
RT4 4 Channel RTD input
RTT 4 Channel RTD input, Pt1000
AO4 4 Channel 4-20mA output
(slot 4 only)
Not EC8
AO8 8 Channel 4-20mA output
DO8 8 Channel logic output
CT3 3 Channel CT input (only 1 CT per Mini8)
RL8 8 Channel relay (slots 2, 3 only)
DI8 8 Channel logic input
11 Application
STD No configuration (always available)
EC8
8 Loop extrusion controller (EC8 is a preconfigured
version offering 8 control loops with heat/cool logic
outputs).
Requires 8LP and 250 wires
Slot 1 = TC8
Slot 3 = DO8
Slot 2 = CT3 or None
Slot 4 = DO8
FC8
8 Loop furnace controller with analogue outputs
Requires 8LP and 250 wires
Slot 1 = TC8 Slot 4 = AO8
12 Wires
30 30 User Wires
60 60 User Wires
120 120 User Wires
250 250 User Wires
13 Recipes
None No Recipes
RCP 8 Recipes
14 Manual
ENG English
GER German
FRA French
SPA Spanish
ITA Italian
15 Configuration Software
NONE No configuration software
ITOOLS Itools licence only
16 Warranty
XXXXX Standard
WL005 Extended
17 Calibration Certificates
XXXXX None
CERT1 Certificate of conformity
CERT2 Factory input calibration per input. (5 point calibration)
19 Label
XXXXX No custom label
YYNNN Custom label
Page 14
MINI8 CONTROLLER: ENGINEERING HANDBOOK
Page 12 HA028581
Issue 15 Nov 15
1.3 How to Install the Controller
This instrument is intended for permanent installation, for indoor use only, and to be enclosed in an electrical panel.
Select a location where minimum vibrations are present and the ambient temperature is within 0 and 50
o
C (32 and
122
o
F).
Please read the safety information, Appendix E at the end of this manual, before proceeding and refer to the EMC
Booklet part number HA025497 for further information.
1.3.1 Dimensions
Dimension mm
A 108
B 124
C 115
Figure 1-1: Mini8 Controller Dimensions
1.3.2 To Install the Controller
1. Use 35mm symmetrical DIN Rail to EN50022-35 x 7.5 or 35 x 15,
2. Mount the DIN Rail horizontally as indicated in Figure 1.1. The Mini8 controller is NOT designed to be
mounted in other orientations.
3. Hook the upper edge of the DIN rail clip on the instrument on the top of the DIN rail and push.
4. To remove use a screwdriver to lever down the lower DIN rail clip and lift forward when the clip has
released.
5. A second unit on the same DIN rail may be mounted adjacent to the unit.
6. A second unit mounted above or below the unit requires a gap of at least 25mm between the top of
the lower one and the bottom of the higher one.
1.3.3 Environmental Requirements
Mini8 controller Minimum Maximum
Temperature 0°C 55°C
Humidity (non condensing) 5% RH 95% RH
Altitude 2000m
A
Allow a minimum of 25mm
above and below each unit
Allow a minimum of
25mm for terminals
and cables
C B
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MINI8 CONTROLLER: ENGINEERING HANDBOOK
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Issue 15 Nov 15
1.4 Electrical Connections – Common to All Instruments
The Mini8 controller is intended for operation at safe low voltage levels, except the RL8 relay module. Voltages in
excess of 42 volts must not be applied to any terminals other than the RL8 relay module.
A protective earth connection is required.
Do not replace the battery. Return to factory if replacement battery is required.
Figure 1-2: Terminal Layout for Mini8 Controller
1.4.1 Power Supply
The power supply requires a supply between 17.8 to 28.8 V dc, 15 watts maximum
24V Ø 24 V dc
24V Ø 24 V dc
0V Ø 0 V dc
GND Ø Ground
Connector terminals will accept wire sizes from 0.2 to 2.5, 24 to 12 awg.
Note: If the Min8 is used with the VT505 panel ensure that the power supply connectors cannot be mistakenly changed
over. The connectors are physically the same, but the electrical connections are not compatible. Plugging the connector
into the Mini8 controller will short-circuit the 24 volt supply.
Power Supply
Male Connector
24V
24V
0V
GND
Power Supply
User Terminals
Power
Supply
Section 1.4.1
Fixed IO
Section 1.4.2
Instrument
LEDs
section 2
Communications
LEDs
section 2
I/O Slots I to 4
Sections 1.12 to 1.19
Communications
connector
DeviceNet shown
Communications
settings
DeviceNet shown
Communications
Configuration port
Section 4.2
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Issue 15 Nov 15
1.4.2 Fixed IO Connections
These I/O are part of the power supply board and are always fitted.
Digital Inputs : ON requires +10.8V to +28.8V.
OFF requires -28.8V to +5V
+5V to +10.8v is undefined
Typical drive 2.5mA at 10.8V.
Relays contacts: 1 amp max, 42Vdc. These contacts are NOT rated for mains operation.
1.4.3 Digital Communications Connections
Two communications connections are fitted – a Modbus Configuration port (RJ11) and a Fieldbus port.
The Fieldbus is either Modbus (2 x RJ45 ), DeviceNet, CANopen, Profibus, EtherNet Modbus TCP (10baseT) or EtherNet
IP.
1.4.4 Configuration Port (CC)
The configuration port (Modbus) is on an RJ11 socket. It is always fitted just to the right of the power supply
connections. It is a point to point RS232 connection. Eurotherm supply a standard cable to connect a serial COM port
on a computer to the RJ11 socket, part no. SubMin8/cable/config.
9 pin DF to PC
COM port (RS232)
RJ11
Pin
Function
- 6 N/C
3 (Tx) 5 Rx
2 (Rx) 4 Tx
5 (0v) 3 0v (gnd)
2 N/C
1 N/C (Reserved)
See also section 11.1
1.4.5 Screened Communications Cables
Screened cables should be used. In order to reduce the effects of RF interference the transmission line should be
grounded at both ends of the screened cable. However, care must be taken to ensure that differences in earth
potentials do not allow circulating currents to flow as these can induce common mode signals in the data lines. Where
doubt exists it is recommended that the screen (shield) be grounded at only one section of the network. This applies to
all communications protocols.
Pin 1
Pin 6
Digital Input 1
Digital Input 2
Digital Input common
Relay A n/open
Relay A n/closed
Relay A common
Relay B n/open
Relay B n/closed
Relay B common
D1
D2
C
A1
A2
A3
B1
B2
B3
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MINI8 CONTROLLER: ENGINEERING HANDBOOK
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Issue 15 Nov 15
1.5 Electrical Connections for Modbus
For Modbus operation see section 11.3.
Figure 1-3: Front Panel Layout Modbus
1.5.1 Modbus Connectors
In the Mini8 controller two RJ45 sockets are provided on the front panel for modbus connections. One is for the
incoming connection to a PC acting as a master, the second may be used either to loop onto the next instrument or for a
line terminator, see Figure 1-9.
The wiring of the RJ45 plug allows both RS485 3-wire or RS485 4-wire (also known as RS422) connections.
To construct a cable for RS485/RS422 operation use a screened cable with twisted pairs plus a separate core for
common.
RJ45 pin 3 wire 5 wire
8 RxA
7 RxB
6 Ground
5
4
3 Ground Ground
2 A TxA
1 B TxB
Plug shroud to cable screen
The 2000 series Communications Handbook, part number HA026230, gives further information on digital
communications and is available on www.eurotherm.co.uk.
1.5.2 RS485
RS485 also referred to as EIA485 is a standard defining the electrical characteristics of drivers and receivers for use in
balanced digital multipoint systems. A balanced line consists of two identical conductors, other than ground, to transmit
and receive the signal. This is usually referred to as a 2-wire system, or sometimes 3-wire. The two wires consist of a
screened twisted pair of equal length and equal impedances designed to reduce the effects of radiated and received
electromagnetic interference. Terminating resistors are required at either end of the transmission line to reduce the
effects of reflected signals. The EIA-485 standard is, thus, suited for use over long distances and in electrically noisy
environments.
The Mini8 controller also provides connections for RS485 4-wire (RS422). This system consists of two screened twisted
pairs. One pair is used for transmit and the second for receive. A common is also provided.
One or more devices configured as network slaves may be connected to such a network in a linear, multi drop
configuration as described in sections 1.5.4 and 1.5.5.
Pin 8
Pin 1
Address Switch
See section 11.3.2
LED Indicators
See section 2
Modbus
communications
ports RJ45
RN CC FCP A B
24V
24V
0V
GND
D1
D2
C
1
2
3
1
2
3
A
B
FC
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
HHHH
AAAAPPP
P
III
I
ModBus Mini8
CC
Configuration Port
See section 1.4.4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ON
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MINI8 CONTROLLER: ENGINEERING HANDBOOK
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Issue 15 Nov 15
1.5.3 Direct Connection - Master and One Slave
It is a common requirement to connect one master and one slave. Termination resistors (R
T
) should be installed at both
the transmitter end and receiver end of the cable. These are particularly required for long cable runs (e.g. 2m to 200m)
although for short local connections it may be found that these are not strictly necessary.
A Modbus terminator is available from your supplier which is designed to fit into the spare RJ45 connector on the Mini8
controller. The order code is SubMin8/RESISTOR/MODBUS/RJ45. It is coloured black.
Example 1: This connection uses 2-wire RS485.
For 2-wire both master and slave ends act as Tx and Rx
Figure 1-4: RS485 two-wire Connections
Example 2: This connection uses 4-wire RS485 (RS422).
Figure 1-5: RS485 Four-wire Connections
RT
RT
Master Slave
Twisted
pair
0V
0V
A
B
B
A
ScreenEarth at
one end
RT = Termination resistor
B
A
B
A
RT = Termination resistor
RT
R
T
Master Slave
RX
RX
TX
TX
0V
0V
Twisted
pair
Twisted
pair
ScreenEarth at
one end
A
B
A
B
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MINI8 CONTROLLER: ENGINEERING HANDBOOK
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Issue 15 Nov 15
1.5.4 RS485 to RS232 Converter
In practice it is often necessary to use a buffer to convert RS485 (or RS422) connections from the Mini8 controller to the
RS232 port of the PC. The Eurotherm Controls KD485 Communications Adapter unit is recommended for this purpose.
The use of a RS485 board built into the computer is not recommended since this board may not be isolated and the RX
terminals may not be biased correctly for this application. This may cause noise problems or damage to the computer,
In order to make the connections between the KD485 convertor and the RJ45 connection on the Mini8 controller, either
cut a patch cable and connect the open end to the KD485 converter or, using twin screened cable, crimp an RJ45 plug
on the Mini8 controller end.
Connections for a KD485 convertor are shown in the following diagrams.
Figure 1-6: KD485 Communications Convertor - 2-wire Connections
Figure 1-7: KD495 Communications Convertor - 4-wire Connections
The above diagrams assume a serial port on the PC. For a PC using USB a USB to serial convertor is required between
the PC and KD485.
220 Ohm termination resistor on
the Rx of the converter unit
Type KD485
converter
RS232 RS485
Tx
RxA
RxB
Com
TxA
TxB
Screened cable,
see section 1.4.5
Rx
Com
Mini8
controller
A (2)
B (1)
Com (3)
RJ45
connector
RJ45
terminator
220 Ohm termination resistor
on the Rx of the converter unit
Type KD485
converter
RS232 RS485
Tx
RXA
Screened cable,
see section 1.4.5
Rx
Com
Mini8
controller
RJ45 connector
(size exaggerated
for clarity)
RJ45
terminator
TXA (2)
TXB (1)
Com (3)
RXA (8)
RXB (7)
RXB
Com
TXB
TXA
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MINI8 CONTROLLER: ENGINEERING HANDBOOK
Page 18 HA028581
Issue 15 Nov 15
1.5.5 One Master, Multiple slaves Short Network
The RS485 standard allows one or more instruments to be connected (multi dropped) using a 2-wire or 4-wire
connection, with cable length of less than 1200m. Up to 31 slaves and one master may be connected. Slaves may be
Mini8 controllers or other instruments such as Eurotherm controllers or indicators.
The communication line must be daisy chained from device to device and, if the communications line is more than
around two meters long, it must be correctly terminated. A Modbus terminator containing the correct termination
resistors is available from Eurotherm, order code: SubMin8/RESISTOR/MODBUS/RJ45.
The Modbus terminator is coloured BLACK.
Figure 1-8: Multiple Slaves - Overview
Figure 1-9: Multiple Slaves - RS485 2-wire Connections
Master
Slave 2
Slave n
Line terminator on the last
instrument in the line
Daisy chained,
screened, twisted
pair cables
Slave 1
220 Ohm termination resistor on
the Rx of the converter unit
Type KD485
converter
RS232
RS485
Tx
RxA
Screened cable,
see section 1.4.5
Rx
Com
Mini8 (1)
A (2)
B (1)
Com (3)
RJ45
connector
Mini8 (n)
A (2)
B (1)
Com (3)
RJ45
connector
RJ45
terminator
A (2)
B (1)
Com (3)
RJ45
connector
RxB
Com
TxA
TxB
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MINI8 CONTROLLER: ENGINEERING HANDBOOK
HA028581 Page 19
Issue 15 Nov 15
Mini8
Master
RS422
RS485
4-wire
RxA
RxB
TxA
TxB
Slave 1
RS422
RS485
4-wire
RxA
RxB
TxA
TxB
Com
Com
1.5.6 Wiring Connections for Modbus Broadcast Communications
The Digital Communications module for the master must be the Field Comms and is only RS485/RS422. RS232 is not
available.
The Digital Communications module for the slave can be the Config port (RS232 only) or the Field Comms port (Not
RS232).
Standard patch cables cannot be used, as the connections do not ‘cross over.’ Wire using twisted pair(s) cable and
crimp on the appropriate RJ45 or RJ11 plug.
RS485 2-wire
Connect A (+) in the master to A (+) of the slave
Connect B (-) in the master to B (-) of the slave
This is shown diagrammatically below
Figure 1-10: Rx/Tx Connections RS485 2-wire
RS422, RS485 4-wire
Rx connections in the master are wired to
Tx connections of the slave
Tx connections in the master are wired to
Rx connections of the slave
Figure 1-11: Rx/Tx Connections for RS422, RS485 4-wire
Mini8
Master
RS485
B
A
Slave 1
RS485
B
A
Com Com
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MINI8 CONTROLLER: ENGINEERING HANDBOOK
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Issue 15 Nov 15
1.6 Electrical Connections for DeviceNet / CANopen
Instruments supplied after July 2009 no longer support CANopen interface. Information is included here to cover
instruments supplied previously with CANopen.
DeviceNet and CANopen both use a 5 way, 5.08mm pitch, connector/screw terminal. The DeviceNet bus is powered
(24V) from the system network, not from the instrument. The Mini8 controller requirement is a load of around 100mA.
For the address switch see section 11.5.
Figure 1-12: Front Panel Layout Devicenet
1.6.1 DeviceNet Connector
Pin Legend Function
5 V+ V+
4 CH CAN HIGH
3 DR DRAIN
2 CL CAN LOW
1 V- V-
Mini8 controller Label Colour Description
V+ Red Network power positive terminal. Connect the red wire of the DeviceNet / CANopen cable
here. If the network does not supply the power, connect the positive terminal of an external
11-25 Vdc power supply.
CAN_H White CAN_H data bus terminal. Connect the white wire of the DeviceNet / CANopen cable here.
SHIELD None Shield/Drain wire connection. Connect the DeviceNet cable shield here. To prevent ground
loops, the network should be grounded in only one location.
CAN_L Blue CAN_L data bus terminal. Connect the blue wire of the DeviceNet / CANopen cable here.
V- Black Network power negative terminal. Connect the black wire of the DeviceNet / CANopen cable
here. If the DeviceNet network does not supply the power, connect the negative terminal of
an external 11-25 Vdc power supply.
The DeviceNet specification states that the bus terminators of 121 ohm should not be included as any part of a master
or slave. They are not supplied but should be included in the cabling between CAN_H and CAN_L where required.
The CANopen Cabling and Connector Pin Assignment specification specifies that the minimum termination resistance is
118 ohm with the following guidelines. They are not supplied but should be included in the cabling where required.
Bus length (m) Termination resistance (ohms)
0 – 40 124
40 – 100 150 - 300
1
5
Address Switch
See section 11.5.
LED Indicators
See section 2
DeviceNet
Connector
RN CC FCP A B
24V
24V
0V
GND
D1
D2
C
1
2
3
1
2
3
A B
FC
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
HHHH
AAAAPPPPIII
I
DeviceNet Mini8
CC
Configuration Port
See section 1.4.4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ON
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Issue 15 Nov 15
1.6.2 Network Length
Network length depends on Baud rate:-
Network Length Varies w/speed, up to 4000m possible w/repeaters
Baud Rate 125 250 500 1M (CANopen)
Thin trunk 100m (328ft) 100m (328ft) 100m (328ft) 40m
Max drop 6m (20ft) 6m (20ft) 6m (20ft) 6m(20ft)
Cumulative drop 156m (512ft) 78m (256ft) 39m (128ft) 19m (64ft)
1.6.3 Typical DeviceNet / CANopen Wiring Diagram
Note:
The DeviceNet network is powered by an external independent 24V supply which is separate from the internal powering
of the individual controllers.
Note: Power taps are recommended to connect the DC power supply to the DeviceNet trunk line. Power taps include:
A Schottky Diode to connect the power supply V+ and allows for multiple power supplies to be connected.
2 fuses or circuit breakers to protect the bus from excessive current which could damage the cable and connectors.
The earth connection, HF, to be connected to the main supply earth terminal at one point only.
See also the DeviceNet Communications Handbook HA027506
DeviceNet Power
Supply
24Vdc (+/- 1%)
250mV p-p Ripple
max
DeviceNet Trunk Cable
V+
V-
Gnd
V- Shield V+
↑
Further Devices
Mini8_1
Drop Line
MASTER
Drop Line
Drop Line
* 121 1% 1/4W terminating resistor
must be connected across the blue
and white wires at each end of the
DeviceNet trunk cable.
Note: this resistor is sometimes
included in the master or other
devices but should only be switched
into circuit on the last device on the
trunk cable.
Further Devices
↓
Mini8_2
CAN-L CAN-H
V+
CAN_H
DRAIN
Can_L
V-
V+
CAN_H
DRAIN
Can_L
V-
*
*
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Issue 15 Nov 15
1.7 Electrical Connections for Enhanced DeviceNet Interface
This version of DeviceNet has been added for use in the Semiconductor industry. Configuration for both versions is the
same and is described in the DeviceNet Handbook HA027506 which can be downloaded from www.eurotherm.com.
The Enhanced DeviceNet interface uses a different connector, as described below, but cabling, cable specification and
termination are the same as described in the previous section.
Figure 1-13: Enhanced DeiceNet Panel Layout
1.7.1 Enhanced DeviceNet Connector
The 5-way connector shown in the previous section is replaced by a ‘Micro-Connect’ circular 5-pin M12 male connector
mounted in the module.
Pin Legend Function
5 CAN_L CAN LOW
4 CAN_H CAN HIGH
3 V- V-
2 V+ V+
1 DR DRAIN
1.7.2 Switches and LED Indicators
The Enhanced DeviceNet interface also uses different Module and Network Status indicators, address and baud rate
switches.
To set the Address and Baud Rate, see section 11.6.
For Module and Network Status indication see section 2.1.
1
2
3
4
Plug
Key
View from front
Address Switch
See section 11.6.1
LED Indicators
See section 2
DeviceNet
Connector
Baud Rate Switch,
see section 11.6.2
Specific LED Indicators
for Enhanced DeviceNet.
See section 2.1
Configuration Port
See section 1.4.4
24V
24V
0V
GND
D1
D2
C
1
2
3
1
2
3
A
B
123 4
123 4
H
H
RN C
C
H
P A B
A
ADDRESS
AAA
PPP
P
I I I I
CC
MSD
DEV ID
2E
8
4
C
0
A
6
2E
8
4
C
0
A
6
NET MOD
DeviceNet Mini8
LSD
H
250
125 O/R
Prog 500
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Issue 15 Nov 15
1.8 Electrical Connections for Profibus DP
Two Profibus communications board options are available for the Mini8 controller.
1. Standard Profibus 3 wire RS485 9 pin D connector intended for installation using standard Profibus cabling.
Note that in this arrangement line terminations must be catered for in the cabling.
2. Profibus 3 wire RS485 via 2 paralleled RJ45 sockets. The front panel layout for this version is the same as
Modbus (Figure 1-3). Instruments may be daisy chained in the same way as shown in the Modbus sections
using suitable RJ45 cables and the RJ45 termination plug to terminate the line.
Figure 1-14: Profibus Panel Layout - Standard D Connector
1.8.1 Profibus Interface (D-Type Connector)
Connector: 9-Way D-Type, R/A, Female, 4-40 UNC Studs:
Pin Function
1 Shield (Case)
2 N/C
3
RxD/TxD+ P (B)
4 N/C
5 GND (0V)
6 VP (+5V)
7 N/C
8
RxD/TxD- N (A)
9 N/C
1.8.2 Profibus Interface (RJ45 Connector)
Connector: Two RJ45, parallel connected (for daisy-chain):
Pin 3-Wire
One connector may be used to
terminate line using
SubMini8/Term/Profibus/RJ45
This terminator is grey.
8 (do not use)
7 (do not use)
6 VP (+5V)
5
4
3 GND
2 RxD/TxD+ P (B)
1 RxD/TxD- N (A)
8
1
Terminations should be included in the cabling
as follows:
3
R1
390Ω
R2
220Ω
R3
390Ω
D-Type connectior Pin
8
5
6
Address Switch
See section 11.9
LED Indicators
See section 2
Standard Profibus
Connector
RN CC FCP A B
24V
24V
0V
GND
D1
D2
C
1
2
3
1
2
3
A
B
FC
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
HHHH
AAA
A PPP
P III
I
Profibus Mini8
CC
Configuration Port
See section 1.4.4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ON
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1.9 Electrical Connections for EtherNet (Modbus TCP)
The EtherNet connection uses standard Cat5E patch cables (RJ45). These would be used with a 10BaseT hub to create
a network.
A crossover patch cable may be used ‘point-to-point’ i.e. to connect a single instrument directly to a PC.
Figure 1-15: EtherNet TCP Front Panel Layout
1.9.1 Connector: RJ45:
Pin Function
8
7
6 RX 5
4
3 RX+
2 TX 1 TX+
8
1
Network activity
(yellow)
Controller communicating
(green)
Configuration Port
See section 1.4.4
Address Switch
See section 11.10.3
LED Indicators
See section 2
RJ45 Socket
RN CC FCP A B
24V
24V
0V
GND
D1
D2
C
1
2
3
1
2
3
A B
FC
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
HHHH
AAAAPPPPIII
I
MODBUS/TCP Mini8
CC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ON
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Issue 15 Nov 15
1.10 Electrical Connections for EtherNet/IP
Figure 1-16: EtherNet/IP Front Panel Layout
1.10.1 Connector: RJ45:
This is the same as the connector shown in section 1.9
Note: Screened cable should be used, see section 1.4.5 for further details.
Pin Function
8
7
6 RX5
4
3 RX+
2 TX1 TX+
8
1
Network activity (yellow)
Controller communicating
(green)
Feature Switch
See section 11.11.1
LED Indicators
See section 2
RJ45 Socket
RN CC P A B
24V
24V
0V
GND
D1
D2
C
1
2
3
1
2
3
A
B
FC
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
HHHH
AAA
A
PPP
P
III
I
EtherNet/IP Mini8
CC
Configuration Port
See section1.4.4
NET MOD
Status Indication
See section 2.2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ON
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1.11 Electrical Connections for EtherCAT
EtherCAT stands for Ethernet for Control Automation technology. A further description is given in section 11.13.
The EtherCAT slave uses full duplex Ethernet physical layers. EtherCAT slaves can be daisy chained using RJ45 sockets
in a wide Variety of network topologies.
1.11.1 Connector: RJ45:
This is the same as the connector shown in section 1.9
Note 1: Screened cable should be used, see section 1.4.5 for further details.
Note 2: Where EtherCAT is used in a network, switches/hubs must be EtherCAT compatible.
Pin Function
8
7
6 Rx5
4
3 Rx+
2 Tx1 Tx+
Always off (yellow)
Link activity (green)
8
1
Always off (yellow)
Link activity (green)
8
1
1
Feature Switch
See section 11.13.2
LED Indicators
See section 2
Two RJ45 Sockets
See section 1.11.1
OP C
C
P A B
24V
24V
0V
GND
D1
D2
C
1
2
3
1
2
3
A
B
IN
1234
1234
HHH
H
AAAA
PPP
P
I I I I
EtherCAT Mini8
CC
CC = Configuration
Port
See section 1.4.4
OUT
DEV ID
RUN ERR
X10
X1
LA
LA
C
4
0 8
D
3
E
2
F
1
B
5
A
6
9
7
C
4
0 8
D
3
E
2
F
1
B
5
A
6
9
7
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Issue 15 Nov 15
1.12 Electrical Connections for Thermocouple Input TC4 and TC8
The TC8 thermocouple module takes 8 thermocouples.
The TC4 module takes 4 thermocouples.
They may be placed in any slot in the Mini8 controller.
Up to 4 modules may be fitted in a Mini8 controller.
Each input can be configured to any thermocouple type or a linear mV input.
Note: Configuration of Mini8 Controller is performed using ‘iTools’ configuration suite
running on a personal computer.
See subsequent chapters in this manual and specifically example 1 given in section 4.5.1 for
further information.
The TC4 module offers TC1 to TC4, on terminals A to H.
1.13 Electrical Connections for RTD
The RT4 module provides 4 RTD / Pt100 inputs for 2, 3 or 4 wire
connections.
The RTT module provides 4 RTD / Pt1000 inputs for 2, 3 or 4 wire
connections.
Up to 4 modules may be fitted in a Mini8 controller and they may
be placed in any slot.
Each input can be configured for any resistive sensor up to 600
ohms. Standard linearisation is available for PT100.
Note: Configuration of Mini8 Controller is performed using ‘iTools’
configuration suite running on a personal computer.
See subsequent chapters in this manual and specifically example 2
given in section 4.5.1 for further information.
Tip:
Spare RT4 input channels may be configured as mA inputs
using a 2.49 ohm resistor, order code
SubMini8/resistor/Shunt/249R.1
.
See section 8.6.3 for configuration.
2.49 ohm
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
mA in
_
+
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
TC1+
TC1-
TC2+
TC2-
TC3+
TC3-
TC4+
TC4-
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
TC5+
TC5-
TC6+
TC6-
TC7+
TC7-
TC8+
TC8-
2-wire 3-wire 4-wire
CH1 Current +
CH1 Sense +
CH1 Sense -
CH1 Current -
CH2 Current +
CH2 Sense +
CH2 Sense -
CH2 Current +
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
2-wire 3-wire 4-wire
CH3 Current +
CH3 Sense +
CH3 Sense -
CH3 Current -
CH4 Current +
CH4 Sense +
CH4 Sense -
CH4 Current +
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
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1.14 Electrical Connections for Logic Input DI8
The DI8 module provides 8 logic inputs.
They may be placed in any slot in the Mini8 controller.
Up to 4 modules may be fitted in a Mini8 controller.
Digital Inputs : ON requires +10.8V to +28.8V.
OFF requires -28.8V to +5V
+5V to +10.8v is undefined
Typical drive 2.5mA at 10.8V.
1.15 Electrical Connections for Logic Output DO8
The DO8 module provides 8 logic outputs.
They may be placed in any slot in the Mini8 controller.
Up to 4 may be fitted in a Mini8 controller.
Each output can be configured to Time Proportioning or On/Off.
Supply In + (A,B,I,J) are all linked internally.
Supply In – (G,H,O,P) are all linked internally.
1.16 Electrical Connections for Inductive Loads
This note applies if logic outputs are used to switch inductive
loads.
Some inductive loads may produce a large back EMF when
switching off. If the back EMF is >30V this may cause damage to
the switching transistor in the module.
For this type of load it is recommended to add ‘snubbers’ across
the coils as shown. A snubber typically consists of a 15nF
capacitor in series with a 100Ω resistor.
Snubbers are available to order from your supplier by quoting
part number SUB32-snubber.
It is the user’s responsibility to determine the type of load which
is to be used.
D1+
D1-
D2+
D2-
D3+
D3-
D4+
D4-
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
D5+
D5-
D6+
D6-
D7+
D7-
D8+
D8-
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
+24V
0V
+24V
+24V
0V
+24V
0V
+24V
+24V
0V
+24V
0V
+24V
0V
+
Supply In +
Supply In +
OP1 +
OP2 +
OP3 +
OP4 +
Supply & OP -
Supply & OP -
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Supply In +
Supply In +
OP1 +
OP2 +
OP3 +
OP4 +
Supply & OP -
Supply & OP -
SSR 1
+
–
SSR 8
SSRs
2 to 7
24V
24V
0V
0V
Inductive
load
Snubber
–
+
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Supply In +
Supply In +
OP1 +
OP2 +
OP3 +
OP4 +
Supply & OP -
Supply & OP -
24V
0V
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1.17 Electrical Connections for Relay Output RL8
The RL8 module provides 8 relay outputs.
Up to 2 modules may be fitted and in slots 2 and/or 3 only
Relay contacts for full contact life:
Maximum 264V ac 2amps with snubber fitted.
Minimum 5V dc, 10mA
Snubbers are used to prolong the life of relay contacts and to reduce
interference when switching inductive devices such as contactors or solenoid
valves. If the relay is used to switch a device with a high impedance input, no
snubber is necessary.
All relay modules are fitted internally with a snubber since these are
generally required to switch inductive devices. However, snubbers pass
0.6mA at 110V and 1.2mA at 230Vac, which may be sufficient to hold on high
impedance loads. If this type of device is used it will be necessary to remove
the snubber from the circuit.
The relay module has to be removed from the instrument, see section 1.20.
The snubber is removed from the relay module by inserting a screwdriver
into one of the pair of slots either side of the track of each snubber network.
Twist the screwdriver to break out this track between the slots.
This action is not reversible.
1.18 Electrical Connections for Analogue Output AO4 and AO8
The AO8 modules provides 8 analogue outputs and the AO4 provides 4
analogue outputs.
Each output is configurable within 0 to 20 mA , max load 360 ohm.
The AO4 offers OP1 to OP4 on terminals A to H.
Only one module may be fitted and in slot 4 only.
Tip:
A 0 to 10 volt output can be obtained by scaling the drive to 0 to 10mA and
fitting an external 1kohm resistor (for example). Low load impedance may
alter the results but this can be corrected by adjusting the output range
accordingly.
RLY5 A
RLY5 B
RLY6 A
RLY6 B
RLY7 A
RLY7 B
RLY8 A
RLY8 B
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
RLY1 A
RLY1 B
RLY2 A
RLY2 B
RLY3 A
RLY3 B
RLY4 A
RLY4 B
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
OP1 +
OP1 -
OP2 +
OP2 -
OP3+
OP3 -
OP4 +
OP4 -
OP5 +
OP5 -
OP6 +
OP6 -
OP7+
OP7 -
OP8 +
OP8 -
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1.19 Electrical Connections for Current Transformer Input Module CT3
This provides inputs for 3 current transformers.
The heater load cables are threaded through the transformers.
Each input is 50mA max into 5 ohms.
The current transformers provide channel isolation; there is no channel
to channel isolation in the module.
It is recommended that the current transformer is fitted with a voltage
limiting device such as two back to back zener diodes between 3 and 10
volts, rated for 50mA.
There are 3 CT inputs, one for each phase. Up to a maximum of 16
heaters may be threaded through the CTs but with a further limit of 6
heater wires through each individual CT.
See Section 8.9 for typical circuit arrangements.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
In 1 A
In 1 B
No connection
In 2 A
In 2 B
No connection
In 3 A
In 3 B
CT1
CT2
CT3
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1.20 Adding or Replacing an IO Module.
Modules contain static sensitive electronic devices. Take full antistatic protection when replacing modules by working
on an earthed mat with an earthed wrist strap. Avoid touching components, keep fingers on the green connectors or
the edge of the printed circuit boards.
Figure 1-17: Mini8 controller Cover Retaining Screws
1. Remove all connectors.
2. Remove the 2 screws indicated above
3. Remove the cover.
4. If removing a module gently prise it out using the green connectors.
5. Insert the new module carefully using the guides on the side of the case to help to line up the lower
connector with its mate on the motherboard. This requires great care as the guides provide
mechanical support rather than being plug in guides.
6. Once you are certain the two connectors are lined up, push the module gently into place. Do NOT
force.
7. Replace cover and the 2 cover screws.
8. Replace all connectors onto their correct modules.
Remove screw → ← Remove screw
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2. Chapter 2 Mini8 Controller LED Indicators
LED indicators P, A and B are common to all Mini8 controllers and indicate the power and the state of the output relays
as shown in the following table.
P A B
Colour Green Red Red
OFF Power off Relay A De-energised Relay B De-energised
ON Power on (24V) Relay A Energised Relay B Energised
LED indicators RN (OP for EtherCAT) and CC are common to all Mini8 controllers and show the status of the Mini8
controller and communications activity.
FC is replaced by Network and Module Status LEDs when DeviceNet or EtherNet/IP communications modules are fitted.
RN CC
FC
Modbus/
Profibus
DeviceNet/
CANopen
Ethernet
Colour Green Green Green Green Green
Function Run mode
Configuration
activity (RS232)
Field comms
activity
Status
Field comms
activity
OFF Not running -- Offline Offline No port traffic
Blinking Standby Config traffic Traffic Ready
Port traffic
excluding
local
housekeeping
ON Running -- Connected
Note: The Modbus/EtherNet/EtherCAT connector itself has two in-built LEDs (sections 1.9 /1.10/1.11):
The Mini8 controller is controlling normally ONLY if the green RN LED is permanently ON.
Note: In iTools the parameter ‘Comms Network Status’ is available enumerated as shown in the following table. The
enumerations correspond to the FC indicator as shown in the final column:-
‘Status’ Parameter Enumeration Meaning Corresponding FC LED
RUNNING (0) Network connected and running On
INIT (1) Network initialising Off
READY (2) DeviceNet traffic detected but not
for this address
Blinking
OFFLINE (3) No DeviceNet traffic detected Off
P A B
RN CC FC
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2.1 Status Indication for Enhanced DeviceNet
If an Enhanced DeviceNet module is fitted (section 1.7), two bi-colour LEDs are
used to indicate Module and Network status.
These two LEDs replace the single LED shown as FC on other modules. See
previous section.
2.1.1 Module Status Indication
The module status LED (MOD) has the functionality shown below:
LED State Device State Description
OFF Off No power applied to DeviceNet network.
Green/Red flashing Self test Irregular flash: LED power-up test.
Regular flash: Interface module initialising. If the LED remains
in this flashing state indefinitely, check the Baud rate switch
setting.
Green ON Operational DeviceNet interface is operational.
Red ON Unrecoverable fault Mini8 Controller not powered.
Nvol checksum failure.
Red/off flashing Recoverable fault Communications error between the network and the
DeviceNet module.
2.1.2 Network Status Indication
The network status LED (NET) indicates the status of the DeviceNet communications link as shown in the table below.
Note: The final column shows the enumerated values for the ‘Comms Network Status’ parameter available in iTools.
LED State Network State Description ‘Status’ Parameter
Enumerations
OFF Off Module is not on line OFFLINE (10)
Green flashing On-line, not connected Module is on line but has no
connections established
READY (11)
Green ON On-line and connected Module is on line and has
connections established
ONLINE (12)
Red flashing Connection timed out One or more connections have
timed out
IO TIMEOUT (13)
Red ON Critical link failure Communication error that has
rendered the device incapable of
communicating on the network
LINK FAIL (14)
Green/Red Communications fault Communications fault but the
device has received an Identify
Communication Faulted Request
COMM FAULT (15)
NET MOD
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2.2 Status Indication for EtherNet/IP
If an EtherNet/IP module is fitted (section 1.10) two bi-colour LEDs are used to
indicate Module and Network status.
These two LEDs replace the single LED shown as FC on other modules. See
previous section.
2.2.1 Module Status Indication
The module status LED (MOD) has the functionality shown below:
MOD LED State Description
OFF Module has no power
Flashing green Module is not configured
Steady green Module is on line and operating correctly
Flashing red Module has minor
(1)
recoverable fault
Steady red Module has a major
(2)
non-recoverable fault
Flashing green and red Module is performing power up testing
Note (1): MOD LED minor faults include the following:-
DHCP server is unavailable
Ethernet link is lost.
Invalid sub net mask.
Invalid IP Address.
Error on an Explicit message. E.g. bad parameter address, writing to a read only parameter.
Note (2): MOD LED major fault:-
Internal fault – return to your supplier for service
2.2.2 Network Status Indication
The network status LED (NET) indicates the status of the EtherNet/IP communications link as shown in the table below.
Note: The final column shows the enumerated values for the ‘Comms Network Status’ parameter available in iTools.
NET LED
State
Mnemonic Description ‘Status’ Parameter
Enumerations
OFF Off Module is not on line 20 OffLine
Flashing
Green
No connections Module is on line but has no EtherNet/IP
connections established
21 NoConns
Steady Green Online Module is on line and has at least one
EtherNet/IP connection established
22 OnLine
Flashing Red Connection timeout A connection has timed out 23 Timeout
Steady Red Duplicate IP A duplicate IP address has been detected 24 DupIP
Flashing
Green/Red
Initialisation Module is initialising 25 Init
NET MOD
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2.3 Status LEDs for EtherCAT
If an EtherCAT module (section 1.11) is fitted, the status of the module is indicated
by four LEDs which have the meanings listed below:
2.3.1 ‘OP’ – Mini8 Run Status Indication
Note: This indicator is equivalent to ‘RN’ in other protocols.
LED State Colour State Name Description
On Green Mini8 run mode The device is running normally
Off Not running
Blinking Standby
2.3.2 ‘CC’ - Configuration Port Status Indication
Note: This indicator is the same as in other protocols.
LED State Colour Description
Blinking Green EIA232 configuration port activity
Off Configuration inactive
On Not applicable
2.3.3 ‘RUN’ – EtherCAT Slave Run Status Indication
LED State Colour Slave State Description
Off Initialisation The device is in state INIT
Blinking Green Pre-Operational The device is in state PRE OPERATIONAL
Single Flash Green Safe Operational The device is in state SAFE OPERATIONAL
On Green Operational The device is in state OPERATIONAL
Blinking Green Initialisation or Bootstrap The device is booting and has not entered
the INIT state, or:
The device is in state bootstrap.
Clone download operation in progress.
2.3.4 ‘ERR’ – Error Status Indication
LED State Colour Error Name Description
Off No error
On Red Application failure No communication with the Mini8 controller
Double flash Red EtherCAT Process Data watchdog
timeout
Communication with EtherCAT master has
failed
Single flash Red Local error The EtherCAT comms has changed the
EtherCAT state autonomously
Blinking Red Invalid configuration Mini8 controller and EtherCAT master
configuration do not match
OP CC
RUN ERR
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3. Chapter 3 Using the Mini8 controller
The Mini8 controller does not have a display. The only means of configuring it, and of interfacing with it during normal
operation is via digital communications.
The auxiliary communications port CC (RJ11) gives a Modbus interface, usually connected to iTools, for configuration
and commissioning.
The main communications port, FC, offers Modbus, DeviceNet, CANopen, Profibus, EtherNet TCP or EtherNet/IP and is
normally connected to the system of which the Mini8 controller is a part. It is the means by which the Mini8 controller is
operated.
Below are ways the Mini8 controller may be used in a system. iTools is the best PC based solution. The Modbus single
register addressing is best for Operator panels, PLCs where floating point may not be available or necessary. Some
parameters may also be read this way as floats or long integers.
3.1 iTools
iTools offers a pc based solution. The iTools suite allows configuration, commissioning, trend graphs and logging with
OPC Scope, Program Editing, Recipes and User pages with View Builder.
3.1.1 iTools OPC Open server
With an OPEN OPC server running on a PC all the Mini8 controller parameters are available to any third party package
with an OPC client. The advantage of this is that all the parameters are addressed by name – the iTools OPC server
handles all the physical communication addresses. An example would be with Wonderware inTouch using OPCLink. In
this situation the user would not have to know any of the parameter addresses, and would just select a parameter by
browsing through the namespace.
e.g. Eurotherm.ModbusServer.1.COM1.ID001-Mini8.Loop.1.Main.PV.
3.2 Modbus, single register, SCADA addressing
The key parameters of the Mini8 controller are available at a fixed single 16 bit register address, independent of its
configuration. These can be used with any device with a serial Modbus master. The parameters are listed in full with
their addresses in Appendix A.
By default iTools displays the SCADA address of those parameters which are available.
As shown, not all the parameters within the instrument are available. If other parameters are required they can be
obtained by using the Commstab folder. This allows up to 250 other parameters to be made available using indirection
addressing. This is explained in Appendix A.
Also note that in this area the resolution (number of decimal points) has to be configured and the serial Master has to
scale the parameter correctly.
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3.3 Modbus (Floating Point)
If the application requires the extra resolution, the Commstab folder also offers an alternative solution where a
parameter can be indirectly addressed and communicated either as a floating point or as a double integer value – its
‘Native’ format. This can be used with any device e.g. PC or plc, with a serial Modbus master, able to decode a double
register for floating point numbers and long integers. See Appendix A.
3.4 Fieldbus
The Mini8 controller may be ordered with the option of DeviceNet, Profibus, EtherNet/IP or EtherCAT.
DeviceNet comes pre-configured with the key parameters of 8 PID loops and alarms (60 input parameters process
variables, alarm status etc and 60 output parameters – setpoints etc.). Loops 9-16 are not included in the DeviceNet
tables as there are insufficient attributes for the DeviceNet parameters. See Appendix B.
CANopen offers 4 receive & 4 Transmit PDOs and 1 server SDO with a 200 parameter pick list. See Appendix C.
Profibus is set up using a GSD editor included on the iTools CD. The GSD editor sets up the instrument parameters that
are required to be communicated with the master.
3.5 EtherNet (Modbus TCP)
The Mini8 controller may be ordered with an EtherNet connection (10baseT) running ModbusTCP as the protocol. An
instrument can therefore have a unique identity on the EtherNet network as well as a unique Modbus address for the
Modbus master.
3.6 Mini8 Controller Execution
The nominal update of all inputs and function blocks is 110ms. However, in complex applications the Mini8 controller
will automatically extend this time in multiples of 110ms.
For example, eight simple heat/cool loops each with two alarms (40 wires) will run at 110ms, while the full EC8
configuration will run at 220ms because of the extra wiring and functionality.
The communications traffic will also have some effect on the update rate.
For example, an application using every function block and all 250 wires will run at 220ms with light communications
traffic but may be slowed to 330ms with heavy traffic.
Note that as loading changes, the sample rate may increase or decrease automatically. In order to recover to a faster
sample rate, the Mini8 controller must be running consistently with processing power to spare for at least 30s.
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3.7 The iTools Operator Interface
Much of this manual is about configuring the Mini8 controller with iTools. However iTools also provides an excellent
commissioning tool and can be used as a long-term operator view if convenient.
First it is necessary to go ‘on-line’ to the Mini8 controller(s). This assumes the communication ports have been wired up
to the COM port on the iTools computer (Chapter 11).
3.7.1 Scanning
Open iTools and, with the controller connected, press
on the iTools menu bar. iTools will search the
communications ports for recognisable instruments. Controllers connected using the RJ11 configuration port or with
the configuration clip (CPI), may be found at address 255 (as a single point to point connection) or on a multidrop RS485
or RS422 network will be found at the address configured in the controller.
The iTools handbook, part no. HA028838, provides further step by step instructions on the general operation of iTools.
This and the iTools software may be downloaded from www.eurotherm.co.uk.
When an instrument is found on the network it will be shown as, for example
‘COM1.ID001-Min8’ which represents <computer com port>.ID<instrument address>-<Instrument type>
Stop the scan once all the instruments have been found.
Once an instrument is found on the network a message ‘’sync pending’ or synchronizing’ is displayed next to it whilst
iTools extracts the exact configuration from the instrument. Wait until this message disappears.
3.7.2 Browsing and Changing Parameter Values
Once the instrument is synchronized the parameter navigation tree is displayed. The contents of this tree will vary
depending on the actual configuration of the instrument.
The folders shown will be some of those which are
always present –
e.g Instrument, IO, Comms, Access
as well as the configuration dependent ones-
e.g. Loops, Alarm, Lgc2 etc. which have
been configured.
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To view or change a parameter:
1. Highlight the folder
2. Press
to get the parameter window or open up the parameter list by clicking on the
required folder. Right click in the parameter list to reveal or hide columns.
3. To change the value of a parameter,
a. click the parameter value,
b. write in the new value. Note a pop-up window indicates the current value, and the high and low limits.
c. Hit <Enter> to enter the new value or <Escape> to cancel.
The ‘Access’ button puts the controller into configuration mode. In this mode the controller can be set up without its
outputs being active. Press ‘Access’ again to return to operating level.
To find a parameter use the ‘Find’ tab at the bottom of the folder list.
Tip: In parameter lists: Parameters in BLUE are read only
Parameters in BLACK are read/write.
Tip: Every parameter in the parameter lists has a detailed description in the help file – just click on a
parameter and hit Shift-F1 on the keyboard or right click and select parameter help.
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3.8 Recipe Editor
Press for this feature. Up to 8 recipes can be stored. They can also be named by the user. Recipes
allow the operator to change the operating values of up to 24 parameters in an instrument for different batch
items/processes by simply selecting a particular recipe to load. Recipes are important for reducing error in setup and
they remove the need for operator instructions fixed to the panel next to the instrument.
Note: Loading a recipe set causes the instrument to enter Standby mode momentarily during which time it does not
control.
The Recipe Editor is used during configuration to assign the required parameters and to set up the values to be loaded
for each recipe.
3.8.1 Recipe Menu Commands
Command Description
Load Recipe Used to load a recipe file into the instrument
Save Used to save the current recipe configuration into a file
Edit Parameter Used to assign a parameter to a Tag. Parameters can also be assigned by 'drag and drop' from
the iTools parameter list
Delete Parameter Used to delete an assigned parameter from the recipes
Edit Parameter Value Used to edit the current value of the assigned parameter
Rename Parameter Tag Allows the user to rename the Tag of the associated parameter. This tag is used on the instrument
to identify assigned parameters (default Value1 - Value24)
Parameter Properties Used to find the properties and help information of the selected parameter
Copy Parameter Used to copy the currently selected parameter
Paste Parameter Used to assign a previously copied parameter to the selected Tag
Columns Used to hide/show the Description and Comment Columns
Load Access Level Used to configure the lowest access level in which the selected recipe is allowed to load
Level1 Permitted to load when the instrument is in any of the access levels
Config Permitted to load when the instrument is in the Config access level
Never Never permitted to load
Edit Data Set Value Used to edit the value of the selected assigned parameter within the selected recipe. Values can
also be edited via double left clicking the value itself
Clear Data Set Value Used to clear the value of the selected assigned parameter within the selected recipe, thus
disabling it from loading when the recipe is selected to load
Rename Data Set Allows the user to rename the selected recipe. This name is used to identify individual recipes
(default Set1 - Set8). Note: Number of recipes dependent upon features
Clear Data Set Used to clear all values in the selected recipe, thus disabling all from loading when the recipe is
selected to load
Snapshot Values
Used to copy all of the assigned parameters current values into the selected recipe
Copy Data Set Used to copy all values of the selected recipe
Paste Data Set Used to paste all values of a previously copied recipe into the selected recipe
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3.9 OPCScope
OPC scope is a standalone OPC client that can be used to attach to the iTools OPCserver. It offers real time trend charts
and data logging to disc in a .csv (comma separated variable) format which can easily be opened by a spreadsheet such
as Excel.
With iTools open OPC Scope can be started using the icon
.
But it can also be started on its own using the Windows Start/Programs/Eurotherm iTools/OPC Scope
Select Server/Connect or click the icon
and the OPC server will start up (if it is not running) and will display
the active ports on the computer. Opening the COM port will show the attached instruments as shown below.
The ‘ID001-Mini8’ folder will contain all the same folders for the instrument that would have been seen in iTools itself.
Expand the folder and double click on the blue item tag to add to the List Window. The List Window shows all the
selected parameters and their current value.
Right click on a parameter to get the context menu.
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3.9.1 OPC Scope List Window Context Menu
Command Description
Save Saves the OPC Scope configuration as <filename>.uix See Section 3.9.3
Copy Item DDE link Saves the DDE path to the clipboard.
‘Paste Special’ in an Excel cell and select ‘Paste Link’ and the current
parameter value will be displayed in the cell.
Copy/Paste Item Copy & Paste
Add Item Add a new variable by name (easier to browse the navigation tree)
Remove Item Remove the selected item.
Write Value Write a new value (not if the item is Read Only).
Item appears on
Chart
Up to 8 items can be trended on the Chart Window
Item Properties Gives the item properties as seen by OPC
The OPC List can contain parameters from any instrument attached to the Modbus network.
If you have iTools Open (not iTools Standard) then OPC Scope can run on a remote networked computer. Enter the
name of the server computer (attached to the instruments) the ‘Computer’ window and browse for the
‘Eurotherm.ModbusServer1’.
3.9.2 OPC Scope Chart Window
Click the Chart tab at the bottom of the display window and select Chart Control Panel.
1. Items. Includes all the items in the list window. Those
items ticked (up to 8) will appear on the chart.
2. Axes. Allows time intervals from 1 minute to 1 month.
Vertical axes can be ‘auto’ scaled or a fixed range
may be entered.
3. General. Allows selection of colours, grid, legends and
a data box.
4. Plot. Allows selection of line thickness and printing
5. Review. Allows review of early history charts.
These are also available on the toolbar.
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iTools Trend Graph showing Loop1 SP and PV
The
icon allows the chart to occupy all the window space.
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3.9.3 OPC Server
iTools and OPC Scope all use the Eurotherm OPC Server to provide the connection between the instruments and the
computer displays. When you ‘scan’ for instruments on iTools it is in fact the OPC Server that is actually doing the work
in background (the window is not usually displayed).
OPC Scope can run on its own but for it to find the instruments on the network it is necessary to tell the server where
they are.
1. Start OPC Server (Windows Start/Programs/Eurotherm iTools/OPC Server)
2. On the menu go to ‘Network’ and select ‘Start One-Shot Scan’
3. Stop the scan when all the instruments have been found.
4. On the menu go to ‘File’ and select ‘Save As’ and save the file with a suitable name.
5. Once saved you will be asked ‘Would you like to make this file the default start server address
file?’ – select ‘Yes’.
6. Close the server.
Now if you double click on an OPC Scope file e.g. Mini8 Project.uix then this file will open OPC Scope and in turn, in
background, OPC scope will open the OPC Server with this instrument file loaded. OPC Scope will then be active with
live data from the instrument(s).
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4. Chapter 4 Configuration Using ITools
WARNING
Configuration level gives access to a wide range of parameters that match the controller to the process.
Incorrect configuration could result in damage to the process being controlled and/or personal injury. It is
the responsibility of the person commissioning the process to ensure that the configuration is correct.
In configuration level the controller may not be controlling the process or providing alarm indication. Do
not select configuration level on a live process.
4.1 Configuration
The Mini8 controller is supplied unconfigured, unless ordered preconfigured, e.g. EC8. An unconfigured Mini8
controller has to be configured for use in an application. This is performed using iTools.
The iTools handbook, part no. HA028838 provides further step by step instructions on the general operation of iTools.
This and the iTools software may be downloaded from www.eurotherm.co.uk.
4.1.1 On-Line/Off-line Configuration
If iTools is connected to a real Mini8 controller then all the parameter changes made will be written to the device
immediately. Once the Mini8 controller is configured and working as required, its final configuration can be saved to
disk as a ‘clone’ file of the format <name>.uic.
Alternatively iTools can be used ‘off-line’ without a real Mini8 controller connected at all. This virtual Mini8 controller can
be created in iTools and again saved to disk as a clone file. This file can later be loaded into a real Mini8 controller to
create the required real application. See Section 4.3.
4.2 Connecting a PC to the Mini8 Controller
4.2.1 Configuration Cable and Clip
The controller may be connected to the PC running iTools using the Eurotherm cable SubMin8/Cable/Config from the
RJ11 port connecting to a serial port on the PC.
Alternatively a Configuration Clip is available from Eurotherm that can be fitted into the rear of the controller.
The benefit of using this arrangement is that it is not necessary to power the controller, since the clip provides the power
to the internal memory of the controller.
4.2.2 Scanning
Open iTools and, with the controller connected, press
on the iTools menu bar. iTools will search the
communications ports and TCP/IP connections for recognisable instruments. Controllers connected using the RJ11
configuration port or with the configuration clip (CPI), will be found at address 255 regardless of the address configured
in the controller. These connections only work from iTools to a single controller.
The iTools handbook, part no. HA028838, provides further step by step instructions on the general operation of iTools.
This and the iTools software may be downloaded from www.eurotherm.co.uk.
In the following pages it is assumed that the user is familiar with iTools and has a general understanding of Windows.
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4.3 Cloning
Saving a Clone File
On the iTools menu ‘File – Save to File’ allows the clone file of the attached Mini8 controller to be saved to disc as <user
name>.UIC file. This can be loaded into another Mini8 controller.
Note that after synchronization iTools using uses a ‘quick’ save and will only resave parameters that have been changed
through iTools itself. If there is any chance that parameters have been changed through the other port then it is
necessary to resave all the parameters. On the menu bar under Options – Cloning ensure Reload is selected. The safest
option is to keep Ask selected.
Loading a clone file
On the iTools menu ‘File – Load values File’ allows a clone file of the form <user name>.UIC to be loaded into an
attached Mini8 controller unit. Whilst loading, the report window will indicate what is happening. It makes a number of
attempts to load all the values and may report some errors. This is generally not an issue. If for some reason the load
fails iTools will report specifically that the load ‘Failed’
Communications port parameters
A Mini8 controller clone file contains information on both the CC and FC port config settings. Depending on which
comms port is used to load a clone file cloning will behave in a different manner.
Loading the clone file through the FC port will cause the CC port settings to be updated
Loading the clone file through the CC port will cause the FC port settings to be updated
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4.4 Configuring the Mini8 Controller
Once iTools is successfully connected to a Mini8 controller, it can be configured for the application in hand.
Configuration involves selection of the required elements of functionality called ‘function blocks’ and setting their
parameters to the correct values. The next stage is to connect all the function blocks together to create the required
strategy of control for the application.
4.4.1 Function Blocks
The controller software is constructed from a number of ‘function blocks’. A function block is a software device that
performs a particular duty within the controller. It may be represented as a ‘box’ that takes data in at one side (as
inputs), manipulates the data internally (using internal parameter values) and ‘outputs’ the results. Some of these
internal parameters are available to the user so that they can be adjusted to suit the characteristics of the process that is
to be controlled.
A representation of a function block is shown below.
Internal Parameters
Figure 4-1: Example of a Function Block
In the controller, parameters are organised in simple lists. The top of the list shows the list header. This corresponds to
the name of the function block and is generally presented in alphabetical order. This name describes the generic
function of the parameters within the list. For example, the list header ‘AnAlm’ contains parameters that enable you to
set up analogue alarm conditions.
Input
Parameters
Output
Parameters
Name –
corresponds to
Folder
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4.4.2 Soft Wiring
Soft Wiring (sometimes known as User Wiring) refers to the connections that are made in software between function
blocks. Soft wiring, which will generally be referred to as ‘Wiring’ from now on is created during the instrument
configuration using the iTools configuration package.
In general every function block has at least one input and one output. Input parameters are used to specify where a
function block reads its incoming data (the ‘Input Source’). The input source is usually wired from the output of a
preceding function block. Output parameters are usually wired to the input source of subsequent function blocks.
All parameters shown in the function block diagrams are also shown in the parameter tables, in the relevant chapters, in
the order in which they appear in iTools.
Figure 3.2 shows an example of how the thermocouple is wired to the PID Loop input and the PID Loop channel 1 (heat)
output is wired to the time proportioning logic output.
Figure 4-2: Function Block Wiring
t/c to PID input
PID output to
logic output
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4.5 Simple Worked Example
Using function blocks and wiring the following sections will show a blank Mini8 controller being configured to have one
PID loop.
4.5.1 The I/O
With the Mini8 controller successfully connected to iTools configuration can begin.
Tip: In parameter lists:
Parameters in BLUE are read only
Parameters in BLACK are read/write.
Tip: Every parameter in the parameter lists has a detailed description in the help file – just click on a
parameter and hit Shift-F1 on the keyboard or right click and select parameter help.
The I/O will already have been installed in the Mini8 controller and can be checked in iTools.
Example 1: Thermocouple Input Configuration
In the IO list ModIDs select the type of module. Thermocouple modules may be 4 input modules or 8 input
modules.
Figure 4-3: Mini8 controller I/O Modules
This unit has an 8 thermocouple input board in slot 1, a CT3 input card in slot 2, and 2 DO8 output cards in
slot 3 and slot 4. Clicking on the ‘Mod’ tab will enable the first channel of the thermocouple card to be
configured. Firstly the Mini8 controller has to be put into configuration mode. Go to
Device/Access/Configuration or click on the Access button:
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Figure 4-4: Thermocouple Input
Select the I/O type, linearisation, units, resolution etc. required. Parameter details are in Section 8.5.
The other thermocouple channels can be found by using the 2, 3, 4…7, 8 tabs on the top of the parameter window.
Slot 2 in the Mini8 controller has a CT3 input card and this is configured elsewhere so the Tabs 9 to 16 are not shown.
Slot 3 has a DO8 output card and the first channel of this will be on tab 17 (to 24)
Slot 4 has a DO8 output card and the first channel of this will be on tab 25 (to 32)
Figure 4-5: Digital Output Channel
Set this channel up as required, IOType, MinOnTime etc. as required. The parameters are detailed in Section 8.3.
The remaining channels on this slot will be found under the tabs 18 to 24.
Slot 4 also contains a DO8 output card with outputs under tabs 25 to 32.
The fixed I/O is always there and there is nothing that has to be configured.
The Current Monitor is covered in Chapter 8.9.
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Example 2: RTD Input Configuration
In the IO list ModIDs select the type of module. RTD modules are 4 input modules [RT4Mod (173)].
Figure 4-6: Mini8 Controller IO Module1 Defined as RTD
RTDs can be defined as 2-wire [RTD2 (32)], 3-wire [RTD3 (33)] or 4-wire [RTD4 (34)] in the module definition list. It is
important that the ‘IO Type’ is configured to match the RTD in use so that the correct lead compensation calculation is
selected.
Figure 4-7: Module 1 defined as RTD4
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4.5.2 Wiring
The IO that has been configured now needs to be wired to PID loops and other function blocks.
Select
(GWE) to create and edit instrument wiring.
Figure 4-8: List of Function Blocks & Graphical Wiring Window
The left window now contains a list of the function blocks available.
The Graphical Wiring Editor window
To add a function block drag it from the list and drop it on
this editor.
To add IO first expand the IO block (click the + ) and then
expand the Mod to show the IO channels 1 to 32
Similarly to add a loop first expand the loop block (click
the +) to show loops 1 to 8
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Use drag and drop to select the first thermocouple from IOMod 1, the Cool output from IOMod 17 and the Heat output
from IOMod 25 and drop them on the wiring window.
Finally take the first PID block from Loop/Loop 1 and drop it on the wiring window. Note that as each block is used it
greys out on the list.
There should now be 4 blocks on the window. Those blocks are shown with dotted lines, as they have not been loaded
into the Mini8 controller.
First make the following wire connections.
1. Click on IO.Mod1.PV and move the pointer to Loop 1.MainPV and click again. A dotted
wire will have connected the two together.
2. Similarly join Loop1.OP.Ch1Out to IOMod 25.PV (heat output)
3. Enable the Cool output by clicking the select arrow to the top of the loop block:
4. Loop1.OP.Ch2Out to IOMod 17.PV (cool output)
Figure 4-9: Wired Blocks before download
click here
and select PID output
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5. Right click on the Loop 1 function Block and select ‘Function Block View’. This opens the
Loop parameter list on top of the wiring editor.
Figure 4-10: PID Function Block
This enables the PID function block to be set up to suit the required application. See Chapter 18 for details.
6. Click on the instrument button to download the application:
7. Once downloaded the dotted lines around the function blocks and the wires will become
solid to show that the application is now in the Mini8 controller. The upper status line also
shows that 3 wires have been used out of those available. Max is 250 but quantity depends
on number of wires ordered (30, 60, 120 or 250).
8. Put the Mini8 controller back into Operating mode by clicking the Access button:
9. The Mini8 controller will now control the Loop1 as configured.
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4.6 Graphical Wiring Editor
Select
(GWE) to view and edit instrument wiring. You can also add comments and monitor
parameter values.
1. Drag and drop required function blocks into the graphical wiring from the list in the left pane
2. Click on parameter to be wired from and drag the wire to the parameter to be wired to (do not hold mouse
button down)
3. Right click to edit parameter values
4. Select parameter lists and switch between parameter and wiring editors
5. Download to instrument when wiring completed
6. Add comments and notes
7. Dotted lines around a function block show that the application requires downloading
Add
comment and
notes
Right click to
edit parameter
values
Click this
button to wire
unshown
parameters
Indicates
execution
order
Blocks ‘clear’
when used
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4.6.1 Graphical Wiring Toolbar
4.6.2 Function Block
A Function Block is an algorithm that may be wired to and from other function blocks to make a control strategy. The
Graphical Wiring Editor groups the instrument parameters into function blocks. Examples are: a control loop and a
mathematical calculation.
Each function block has inputs and outputs. Any parameter may be wired from, but only parameters that are alterable
may we wired to.
A function block includes any parameters that are needed to configure or operate the algorithm.
4.6.3 Wire
A wire transfers a value from one parameter to another. They are executed by the instrument once per control cycle.
Wires are made from an output of a function block to an input of a function block. It is possible to create a wiring loop,
in this case there will be a single execution cycle delay at some point in the loop. This point is shown on the diagram by
a || symbol and it is possible to choose where that delay will occur.
4.6.4 Block Execution Order
The order in which the blocks are executed by the instrument depends on the way in which they are wired.
The order is automatically worked out so that the blocks execute on the most recent data.
4.6.5 Using Function Blocks
If a function block is not faded in the tree then it can be dragged onto the
diagram. The block can be dragged around the diagram using the mouse.
A labelled loop block is shown here. The label at the top is the name of the
block.
When the block type information is alterable, click on the box with the arrow
in it on the right to edit that value.
The inputs and outputs that are considered to be of most use are always
shown. In most cases all of these will need to be wired up for the block to
perform a useful task. There are exceptions to this and the loop is one of
those exceptions.
If you wish to wire from a parameter, which is not shown as a recommended
output click on the icon in the bottom right, and a full list of parameters in
the block will be shown, click on one of these to start a wire.
To start a wire from a recommended output just click on it.
Click the icon in the bottom right hand corner to wire other function block
parameters not shown on the list on the right hand side.
Delete, Undo & Redo
Grid on/off
Pan Drawing
Zoom Drawing
Grab & Pan
Select
Download
IO Setup Paste
Create a Compound
Copy a Diagram Fragment to a File
Paste a Diagram Fragment to a FileCut Copy
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4.6.5.1 Function Block Context Menu
Right clicking displays the context menu with the following entries.
Function Block View
Brings up an iTools parameter list which shows all the parameters in the function block. If
the block has sub-lists these are shown in tabs
Re-Route Wires
Throw away current wire route and do an auto-route of all wires connected to this block
Re-Route Input Wires
Only do a re-route on the input wires
Re-Route Output
Wires
Only do a re-route on the output wires
Show wires using tags
Shows the beginning and end of each wire with a descriptor showing the source or
destination. Used to simplify a diagram with many wires.
Hide Unwired
Connections
Hides function block pins that are not used.
Cut
Cut the selected function block
Copy
Right click over an input or output and copy will be enabled, this menu item will copy the
iTools "url" of the parameter which can then be pasted into a watch window or OPC Scope
Paste
Add a new copy of the function block
Delete
If the block is downloaded mark it for delete, otherwise delete it immediately
Undelete
This menu entry is enabled if the block is marked for delete and unmarks it and any wires
connected to it for delete
Bring To Front
Bring the block to the front of the diagram. Moving a block will also bring it to the front
Push To Back
Push the block to the back of the diagram. Useful of there is something underneath it
Edit Parameter Value
This menu entry is enabled when the mouse is over an input or output parameter. When
selected it creates a parameter edit dialog so the value of that parameter can be changed
Parameter Properties
Selecting this entry brings up the parameter properties window. The parameter properties
window is updated as the mouse is moved over the parameters shown on the function block
Parameter Help
Selecting this entry brings up the help window. The help window is updated as the mouse is
moved over the parameters shown on the function block. When the mouse is not over a
parameter name the help for the block is shown
4.6.6 Tooltips
Hovering over different parts of the block will bring up tooltips describing the part of the block beneath the mouse.
If you hover over the parameter values in the block type information a tooltip showing the parameter description, its
OPC name, and, if downloaded, its value will be shown.
A similar tool-tip will be shown when hovering over inputs and outputs.
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4.6.7 Function Block State
The blocks are enabled by dragging the block onto the diagram, wiring it up, and downloading it to
the instrument
When the block is initially dropped onto the diagram it is drawn with dashed lines.
When in this state the parameter list for the block is enabled but the block itself is not executed by
the instrument.
Once the download button is pressed the block is added to the instrument function block execution
list and it is drawn with solid lines.
If a block which has been downloaded is deleted, it is shown on the diagram in a ghosted form until
the download button is pressed.
This is because it and any wires to/from it are still being executed in the instrument. On download it
will be removed from the instrument execution list and the diagram. A ghosted block can be
undeleted using the context menu.
When a dashed block is deleted it is removed immediately.
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4.6.8 Using Wires
4.6.8.1 Making A Wire Between Two Blocks
• Drag two blocks onto the diagram from the function block tree.
• Start a wire by either clicking on a recommended output or clicking on the icon at the
bottom right corner of the block to bring up the connection dialog. The connection
dialog shows all the connectable parameters for the block, if the block has sub-lists the
parameters are shown in a tree. If you wish to wire a parameter which is not currently
available click the red button at the bottom of the connection dialog. Recommended
connections are shown with a green plug, other parameters which are available are
yellow and if you click the red button the unavailable parameters are shown red. To
dismiss the connection dialog either press the escape key on the keyboard or click the
cross at the bottom left of the dialog.
• Once the wire has started the cursor will change and a dotted wire will be drawn from
the output to the current mouse position.
• To make the wire either click on a recommended input to make a wire to that
parameter or click anywhere except on a recommended input to bring up the
connection dialog. Choose from the connection dialog as described above.
• The wire will now be auto-routed between the blocks.
New wires are shown dotted until they are downloaded
4.6.8.2 Wire Context Menu
The wire block context menu has the following entries on it.
Force Exec
Break
If wires form a loop a break point has to be
found where the value which is written to the
block input comes from a block which was
last executed during the previous instrument
execute cycle thus introducing a delay. This
option tells the instrument that if it needs to
make a break it should be on this wire
Re-Route Wire Throw away wire route and generate an
automatic route from scratch
Use Tags If a wire is between blocks which are a long
way apart, then, rather than drawing the
wire, the name of the wired to/from
parameter can be shown in a tag next to the
block. Draw the wire first then use this menu
to toggle this wire between drawing the
whole wire and drawing it as tags
Find Start Find the source of the selected wire
Find End Find the destination of the selected wire
Delete If the wire is downloaded mark it for delete,
otherwise delete it immediately
Undelete This menu entry is enabled if the wire is
marked for delete and unmarks it for delete
Bring To Front Bring the wire to the front of the diagram.
Moving a wire will also bring it to the front
Push To Back Push the wire to the back of the diagram
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4.6.8.3 Wire Colours
Wires can be the following colours:
Black Normal functioning wire.
Red The wire is connected to an input which is not alterable when the instrument is in operator
mode and so values which travel along that wire will be rejected by the receiving block
Blue The mouse is hovering over the wire, or the block to which it is connected it selected. Useful
for tracing densely packed wires
Purple The mouse is hovering over a 'red' wire
4.6.8.4 Routing Wires
When a wire is placed it is auto-routed. The auto routing algorithm searches for a clear path between the two blocks. A
wire can be auto-routed again using the context menus or by double clicking the wire.
If you click on a wire segment you can drag it to manually route it. Once you have done this it is marked as a manually
routed wire and will retain it's current shape. If you move the block to which it is connected the end of the wire will be
moved but as much of the path as possible of the wire will be preserved.
If you select a wire by clicking on it, it will be drawn with small boxes on it's corners.
4.6.8.5 Tooltips
Hover the mouse over a wire and a tooltip showing the names of the parameters which are wired and, if downloaded,
their current values will also be shown.
4.6.9 Using Comments
Drag a comment onto the diagram and the comment edit dialog will appear.
Type in a comment. Use new lines to control the width of the comment, it is shown
on the diagram as typed into the dialog. Click OK and the comment text will
appear on the diagram. There are no restrictions on the size of a comment.
Comments are saved to the instrument along with the diagram layout information.
Comments can be linked to function blocks and wires. Hover the mouse over the
bottom right of the comment and a chain icon will appear, click on that icon and
then on a block or a wire. A dotted wire will be drawn to the top of the block or
the selected wire segment.
4.6.9.1 Comment Context Menu
The comment context menu has the following entries on it.
Edit Open the comment edit dialog to edit this
comment
Unlink If the comment is linked to a block or wire this will
unlink it
Cut Remove the comment
Copy To make a copy of the comment
Paste To Paste a new copy of the comment
Delete If the comment is downloaded mark it for delete,
otherwise delete it immediately
Undelete This menu entry is enabled if the comment is
marked for delete and unmarks it for delete
Bring To
Front
Bring the comment to the front of the diagram.
Moving a comment will also bring it to the front
Push To
Back
Push the comment to the back of the diagram.
Useful if there is something underneath it
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4.6.10 Using Monitors
Drag a monitor onto the diagram and connect it to a block input or output or a wire as described in ‘Using Comments’.
The current value (updated at the iTools parameter list update rate) will be shown in the monitor. By default the name of
the parameter is shown, double click or use the context menu to not show the parameter name.
4.6.10.1 Monitor Context Menu
The monitor context menu has the following entries on it.
Show
Names
Show parameter names as well as values
Unlink If the monitor is linked to a block or wire this will unlink it
Cut Remove the monitor
Copy Make a copy of the monitor
Paste Paste the copy of the monitor
Delete If the monitor is downloaded mark it for delete,
otherwise delete it immediately
Undelete This menu entry is enabled if the monitor is marked for
delete and unmarks it for delete
Bring To
Front
Bring the monitor to the front of the diagram. Moving a
monitor will also bring it to the front
Push To
Back
Push the monitor to the back of the diagram. Useful if
there is something underneath it
4.6.11 Downloading
The wires have to be downloaded to the instrument together. When the wiring editor is opened the current wiring and
diagram layout is read from the instrument. No changes are made to the instrument function block execution or wiring
until the download button is pressed.
When a block is dropped on the diagram instrument parameters are changed to make the parameters for that block
available. If you make changes and close the editor without saving them there will be a delay while the editor clears
these parameters.
When you download, the wiring is written to the instrument that then calculates the block execution order and starts
executing the blocks. The diagram layout including comments and monitors is then written into instrument flash
memory along with the current editor settings. When you reopen the editor the diagram will be shown positioned the
same as when you last downloaded.
4.6.12 Selections
Wires are shown with small blocks at their corners when selected. All other items have a dotted line drawn round them
when they are selected.
4.6.12.1 Selecting Individual Items
Clicking on an item on the drawing will select it.
4.6.12.2 Multiple Selection
Control click an unselected item to add it to the selection, doing the same on a selected item unselects it.
Alternatively, hold the mouse down on the background and wipe it to create a rubber band, anything which isn't a wire
inside the rubber band will be selected.
Selecting two function blocks also selects any wires which join them. This means that if you select more than one
function block using the rubber band method any wires between them will also be selected.
Pressing Ctrl-A selects all blocks and wires.
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4.6.13 Colours
Items on the diagram are coloured as follows:
Red Function blocks, comments and monitors which partially obscure or are partially obscured by other
items are drawn red. If a large function block like the loop is covering a small one like a math2 the
loop will be drawn red to show that it is covering another function block. Wires are drawn red when
they are connected to an input which is currently unalterable. Parameters in function blocks are
coloured red if they are unalterable and the mouse pointer is over them
Blue Function blocks, comments and monitors which are not coloured red are coloured blue when the
mouse pointer is over them. Wires are coloured blue when a block to which the wire is connected is
selected or the mouse pointer is over it. Parameters in function blocks are coloured blue if they are
alterable and the mouse pointer is over them
Purple A wire which is connected to an input which is currently unalterable and a block to which the wire is
connected is selected or the mouse pointer is over it is coloured purple (red + blue)
4.6.14 Diagram Context Menu
Highlight an area of the graphical wiring by left clicking the mouse button and dragging around the required area.
Right click in the area to show the Diagram Context Menu. The diagram context menu has the following entries:-
Cut To delete the selected area
Copy To make a copy of the selected area
Paste To paste the selected area
Re-Route Wires Throw away current wire route and do an auto-route
of all selected wires. If no wires are selected this is
done to all wires on the diagram
Align Tops Line up the tops of all the selected items except
wires
Align Lefts Line up the left hand side of all the selected items
except wires
Space Evenly This will space the selected items such that their top
left corners are evenly spaced. Select the first item,
then select the rest by control-clicking them in the
order you wish them to be spaced, then choose this
menu entry
Delete Marks all selected items for deletion (will be deleted
on next download).
Undelete This menu entry is enabled if any of the selected
items are marked for deletion and unmarks them
when selected
Select All To select the complete graphical wiring
Create Compound Create a new tab (Compund 1, 2, etc) of the selected
area
Rename To customise the Compound name.
Copy Graphic If there is a selection it is copied to the clipboard as a
Windows metafile, if there is no selection the whole
diagram is copied to the clipboard as a Windows
metafile. Paste into your favourite documentation
tool to document your application. Some programs
render metafiles better than others, the diagram may
look messy on screen but it should print well
Save Graphic Same as Copy Graphic but saves to a metafile rather
than putting it on the clipboard
Copy Fragment to
File
To make a copy of the selected area and save it to
file
Paste Fragment
from File
To paste the selected area from file
Center To place the selected area in the centre of the
graphical wiring view.
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4.6.15 Wiring Floats with Status Information
There is a subset of float values which may be derived from an input which may become faulty for some reason, e.g.
sensor break, over-range, etc. These values have been provided with an associated status which is automatically
inherited through the wiring. The list of parameters which have associated status is as follows:-
Block Input Parameters Output Parameters
Loop.Main PV PV
Loop.SP TrackPV
Math2 In1 Out
In2
Programmer.Setup PVIn
Poly In Out
Load PVOut1
PVOut2
Lin16 In Out
Txdr InVal OutVal
IPMonitor In Out
SwitchOver In1
In2
Total In
Mux8 In1 to 8 Out
Multi-oper In1 to 8 SumOut, MaxOut, MinOut, AverageOut
Lgc2 In1
In2
UsrVal Val Val
Humidity WetTemp RelHumid
DryTemp DewPoint
PsychroConst
Pressure
IO.MOD 1.PV to 32.PV 1.PV to 32.PV
Parameters appear in both lists where they can be used as inputs or outputs depending on configuration. The action of
the block on detection of a ‘Bad’ input is dependent upon the block. For example, the loop treats a ‘Bad’ input as a
sensor break and takes appropriate action; the Mux8 simply passes on the status from the selected input to the output,
etc.
The Poly, Lin16, SwitchOver, Multi-Operator, Mux8, IO.Mod.n.PV blocks can be configured to act on bad status in
varying ways. The options available are as follows:-
0: Clip Bad
The measurement is clipped to the limit it has exceeded and its status is set to ‘BAD’, so that any function block using
this measurement can operate its own fallback strategy. For example, a control output may be held at its current value.
1: Clip Good
The measurement is clipped to the limit it has exceeded and its status is set to ‘GOOD’, such that any function block
using this measurement may continue to calculate and not employ its own fallback strategy.
2: Fallback Bad
The measurement will adopt the configured fallback value that has been set by the user. In addition the status of the
measured value will be set to ‘BAD’, such that any function block using this measurement can operate its own fallback
strategy. For example, control loop may hold its output to the current value.
3: Fallback Good
The measurement will adopt the configured fallback value that has been set by the user. In addition the status of the
measured value will be set to ‘GOOD’, such that any function block using this measurement may continue to calculate
and not employ its own fallback strategy
4: Up Scale
The measurement will be forced to adopt its high limit. This is like having a resistive pull up on an input circuit. In
addition the status of the measured value will be set to ‘BAD’, such that any function block using this measurement can
operate its own fallback strategy. For example, the control loop may hold its output to the current value.
5: Down Scale
The measurement will be forced to adopt its low limit. This is like having a resistive pull down on an input circuit. In
addition the status of the measured value will be set to ‘BAD’, such that any function block using this measurement can
operate its own fallback strategy. For example, the control loop may hold its output to the current value.
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4.6.16 Edge Wires
If the Loop.Main.AutoMan parameter were wired from a logic input in the conventional manner it would be impossible
to put the instrument into manual via communications. Other parameters need to be controlled by wiring but also need
to be able to change under other circumstances, e.g. Alarm Acknowledgements. for this reason some Boolean
parameters are wired in an alternative way.
These are listed as follows:-
SET DOMINANT
When the wired in value is 1 the parameter is always updated. This will have the effect of overriding any changes
through digital communications. When the wired in value changes to 0 the parameter is initially changed to 0 but is not
continuously updated. This permits the value to be changed through digital communications.
Loop.Main.AutoMan Programmer.Setup.ProgHold Access.StandBy
RISING EDGE
When the wired in value changes from 0 to 1, a 1 is written to the parameter. At all other times the wire does not update
the parameter. This type of wiring is used for parameters that start an action and when once completed the block clears
the parameter. When wired to, these parameters can still be operated via digital communications.
Loop.Tune.AutotuneEnable Txdr.ClearCal Alarm.Ack
Txdr.StartCal DigAlarm.Ack
Programmer.Setup.ProgRun Txdr.StartHighCal AlmSummary.GlobalAck
Programmer.Setup.AdvSeg Txdr.StartTare
Programmer.Setup.SkipSeg Instrument.Diagnostics.
ClearStats
IPMonitor.Reset
BOTH EDGE
This type of edge is used for parameters which may need to be controlled by wiring or but should also be able to be
controlled through digital communications. If the wired in value changes then the new value is written to the parameter
by the wire. At all other times the parameter is free to be edited through digital communications.
Loop.SP.RateDisable Loop.OP.RateDisable
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5. Chapter 5 Mini8 controller Overview
Input and output parameters of function blocks are wired together using software wiring to form a particular control
strategy within the Mini8 controller. An overview of all the available functions and where to get more detail is shown
below.
Figure 5-1: Controller Example
Mini8 controllers are supplied unconfigured, and with those blocks included in the order code. Option EC8 is supplied
with function blocks pre-wired to give an 8 loop heat/cool controller suitable for Extrusion. See data sheet HA028519.
The purpose of the PID control blocks is to reduce the difference between SP and PV (the error signal) to zero by
providing a compensating output to the plant via the output driver blocks.
The timer, programmer and alarms blocks may be made to operate on a number of parameters within the controller,
and digital communications provides an interface to data collection and control.
The controller can be customised to suit a particular process by ‘soft wiring’ between function blocks.
Loops 1 to 16
Loop Folder
Chapter 18
Thermocouples
Outputs
FixedIO / IO
Logic Input
Chap. 8.8, 8.2
Set
p
oint
Loop/SP folder
Folder
Chapter 18.6
Mod.25 to
Mod.32
Analogue OP
Chapter 8.7
To plant
devices
Mod.1 to Mod.32
T/C, RTD, mA, mV
Chapter 8.5, 8.6
Mod.1 to Mod.32
Logic Output
Chapter 8.3
Alarm(s)
Alarm Folder
Chapter 9
Timer/Clock/
Counter/Totaliser
Chapter 12
Field Comms
Comms/FC Folder
Chapter 11
PC, plc
Inputs
Control Processes
FixedIO /IO
Relay O/P
Chap. 8.8, 8.4
Digital Alarms
Dig Alm Folder
Chapter 9.3
Application specific
Humidity Zirconia
Chapter 13
Programmer
Prog Folder
Chapter 19
BCD Input
BCD In Folder
Chapter 10
Input Linearisation
Lin 16 Folder
Chapter 16
Maths
Math2 & Mux8 Folder
Chapter 15
Polynomial
Poly Folder
Chapter 16
Switchover
SwOver Folder
Chapter 20
Transducer Scaling
Txdr Folder
Chapter 21
User Values
UsrVal Folder
Chapter 22
Maths
Lgc2 & Lgc8 Folder
Chapter 15
Current I/p
IO.Current Monitor
Folder
Chapter 8.9
Alarm Summary
Alarm Summary
Folder
Chapter 9.7
Dig Inputs
Current
Transformers
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5.1 Complete list of Function Blocks.
The list opposite represents an unconfigured Mini8
controller that has been ordered with all features
enabled.
If a particular block or blocks do not appear in your
instrument then the option has not been ordered.
Check the order code of your instrument and
contact Eurotherm.
Examples of features that may not have been
enabled are:
Loops
Programmer
Recipe
Humidity
Once a block is dragged and dropped onto the
graphical wiring window, the block icon in the block
list opposite will be greyed out. At the same time a
folder containing the blocks parameters will have
been created in the Browse List.
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6. Chapter 6 Access Folder
Folder: Access Sub-folder: none
Name
Parameter
Description
Value
Default Access Level
ClearMemory Cold start the
instrument
No Disabled No Conf
App Mini8 controller memory reset but comms
and linearisation tables retained
LinTables Custom Linearisation tables are deleted
InitComms Comms ports reset to default
configurations
Wires Clear all wiring
AllMemory All instrument memory is set to default
values
Programs All Programs cleared
CustomerID Customer
Identifier
Reference number for customer use 0 Oper
Standby Set Instrument
to standby
No / Yes No Oper
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7. Chapter 7 Instrument Folder
7.1 Instrument / Enables
The following table lists the options that can be enabled in the instrument.
Enable flags are one bit for each item – i.e.Bit (0=1) enables item 1, Bit 1 (=2) item 2, Bit(3=4) item 3 and so on to
Bit7(=128) enables Item 8. All 8 items enabled adds up to 255.
Tip: Features are not normally enabled this way. Dragging and dropping a function block onto
the graphical wiring window automatically sets the required enable flag.
Folder: Instrument Sub-folder: Enables
Name
Parameter Description Value
Default Access Level
AlarmEn1 Analogue alarms Enable
Flags
Alarms 1 to 8 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) 0 Conf
AlarmEn2 Analogue alarms Enable
Flags
Alarms 9 to 16 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) 0 Conf
AlarmEn3 Analogue alarms Enable
Flags
Alarms 17 to 24 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) 0 Conf
AlarmEn4 Analogue alarms Enable
Flags
Alarms 25 to 32 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) 0 Conf
BCDInEn BCD switch input Enable
Flags
BCD input 1 and 2 0 (none) to 3 (both) 0 Conf
CounterEn Counters Enable Flags Counters1 and 2 0 (none) to 3 (both) 0 Conf
CurrentMon
(Only if CT3
module fitted)
Current Monitor Enable
Flag
0 = Off 1 = On 0 Conf
DigAlmEn1 Digital alarms Enable Flags Dig Alarms 1 to 8 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) 0 Conf
DigAlmEn2 Digital alarms Enable Flags Dig Alarms 9 to 16 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) 0 Conf
DigAlmEn3 Digital alarms Enable Flags Dig Alarms 17 to 24 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) 0 Conf
DigAlmEn4 Digital alarms Enable Flags Dig Alarms 25 to 32 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) 0 Conf
HumidityEn Humidity control Enable
Flag
0 = off 1 = On 0 Conf
IP Mon En Input monitor Enable Flags Input Monitor 1 and 2 0 (none) to 3 (both) 0 Conf
Lgc2 En1 Logic operators Enable
Flags
Logic operators 1 to 8 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) 0 Conf
Lgc2 En2 Logic operators Enable
Flags
Logic operators 9 to 16 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) 0 Conf
Lgc2 En3 Logic operators Enable
Flags
Logic operators 17 to 24 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) 0 Conf
Lgc8 En Logic 8 operator Enable
Flags
8 input Logic operators 1 & 2 0 (none) to 3 (both) 0 Conf
Lin16Pt En Input linearisation 16 point Input Linearisation 1 and 2 0 (none) to 3 (both) 0 Conf
Load En Load Enable Flags Loads 1 to 8 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) As order
code
Conf
Load En2 Load Enable Flags Loads 9 to 16 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) As order
code
Conf
Loop En Loop Enable Flags Loops 1 to 8 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) As order
code
Conf
Loop En2 Loop Enable Flags Loops 9 to 16 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) As order
code
Conf
Math2 En1 Analogue (Maths)
Operators Enable Flags
Analogue operators 0 to 8 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) 0 Conf
Math2 En2 Analogue (Maths)
Operators Enable Flags
Analogue operators 9 to 16 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) 0 Conf
Math2 En3 Analogue (Maths)
Operators Enable Flags
Analogue operators 17 to 24 0 (none) to 255 (all
8)
0 Conf
MultiOperEn Analogue Multi- Operator
Enable Flags
Multi-operators 0 to 4 0 (none) to 15 (all 4) 0 Conf
Mux8 En Multiplexor Enable Flags 8 input multiplexor 1 and 2 0 (none) to 3 (both) 0 Conf
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Folder: Instrument Sub-folder: Enables
Name
Parameter Description Value
Default Access Level
Poly En Polynomial linearisation
block Enable Flags
Poly Linearisation 1 and 2 0 (none) to 3 (both) 0 Conf
Prog En Programmer Enable Flags 0 = off, 1 to 8 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) 0 Conf
RTClock En Real time clock Enable
Flags
0 = off 1 = On 0 Conf
SwOver En Switch over block Enable
Flags
0 = off 1 = On 0 Conf
Timer En Timers Enable Flags Timers 1 to 4 0 = none to 15 = 4 0 Conf
Totalise En Totalisers Enable Flags Totalisers 1 & 2 0 (none) to 3 (both) 0 Conf
TrScale En Transducer scaling Enable
Flags
Transducer scalers 1 and 2 0 (none) to 3 (both) 0 Conf
UsrVal En1 User values Enable Flags User Values 1 to 8 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) 0 Conf
UsrVal En2 User values Enable Flags User Values 9 to 16 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) 0 Conf
UsrVal En3 User values Enable Flags User Values 17 to 24 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) 0 Conf
UsrVal En4 User values Enable Flags User Values 25 to 32 0 (none) to 255 (all 8) 0 Conf
Zirconia En Zirconia Input Functions 0 = off 1 = On 0 Conf
7.2 Instrument Options
Folder: Instrument Sub-folder: Options
Name
Parameter Description Value
Default Access Level
Units Units
°C,°F or Kelvin scale for all temperature parameters
DegC Oper
ProgPVstart To enable PV start No, Yes – see section 19 No Conf
7.3 Instrument / InstInfo
Folder: Instrument Sub-folder: InstInfo
Name
Parameter
Description
Value
Default Access Level
InstType Instrument Type
MINI8 NONE
Version Version Identifier
- NONE
Serial No Serial Number
NONE
Passcode1 Passcode1
0 to 65535
Oper
Passcode2 Passcode2
0 to 65535
Oper
Passcode3 Passcode3
0 to 65535
Oper
CompanyID CompanyID
1280 NONE
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7.4 Instrument / Diagnostics
This list provides fault finding diagnostic information as follows:-
Folder: Instrument Sub-folder: Diagnostics
Name Parameter Description
CPUFree This is the amount of free CPU Time left. It shows the percentage of the tasks ticks that are
idle.
MinCPUFree A benchmark of the lowest reached value of the CPU free percentage.
CtrlTicks This is the number of ticks that have elapsed while the instrument was performing the control
Task.
Max Con Tick A benchmark of the maximum number of ticks that have elapsed while the instrument was
performing the control Task
Clear Stats Resets the instrument performance benchmarks.
ErrCount The number of errors logged since the last Clear Log. Note: If an error occurs multiple times
only the first occurrence will be logged each event will increment the count.
Err1 The first
error to
occur
0 There is no error
1 Bad or unrecognised module ident. A module has been inserted and has a
bad or unrecognised ident. Either the module is damaged or the module is
unsupported.
3 Factory calibration data bad. The factory calibration data has been read
from an I/O module and has not passed the checksum test. Either the module
is damaged or has not been initialised.
4 Module changed for one of a different type. A module has been changed
for one of a different type. The configuration may now be incorrect
10 Calibration data write error. An error has occurred when attempting to
write calibration data back to an I/O module's EE.
11 Calibration data read error. An error occurred when trying to read
calibration data back from the EE on an I/O module.
18 Checksum error. The checksum of the NVol Ram has failed. The NVol is
considered corrupt and there the instrument configuration may be incorrect.
20 Resistive identifier error. An error occurred when reading the resistive
identifier from an i/o module. The module may be damaged.
43 Invalid custom linearisation table. One of the custom linearisation tables is
invalid. Either it has failed checksum tests or the table downloaded to the
instrument is invalid.
55 The Instrument wiring is either invalid or corrupt.
56 Non-vol write to volatile. An attempt was made to perform a checksummed
write to a non-checksummed area
58 Recipe load failure. The selected recipe failed to load
59 Bad User CT calibration data. Corrupted or invalid user calibration data for
the current monitor
60 Bad Factory CT calibration data. Corrupted or invalid factory calibration
data for the current monitor
Err2 The second
error to
occur
Err3 The third
error to
occur
Err4 The fourth
error to
occur
Err5 The fifth
error to
occur
Err6 The sixth
error to
occur
Err7 The seventh
error to
occur
Err8 The eight
error to
occur
62 to 65 Slot1 card DFC1 to DFC4 error
66 to 69 Slot2 card DFC1 to DFC4 error
70 to 73 Slot3 card DFC1 to DFC4 error
74 to 77 Slot4 card DFC1 to DFC4 error
The generic I/O DFC chip will not
communicate. This could
indicate a build fault.
Clear Log Clears the error log entries and count.
UserStringCount Number of User Strings Defined
UserStringCharSpace Space Available For User Strings.
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Folder: Instrument Sub-folder: Diagnostics
Name Parameter Description
Segments Left Number of Available Program Segments
Gives the number of unused program segments. Each time a segment is allocated to a
program, this value is reduced by one.
CtrlStack Control Stack Free Space (words)
The number of words of un-used stack for the control task
CommsStack Comms Stack Free Space (words)
The number of words of un-used stack for the comms task
IdleStack Idle Stack Free Space (words)
The number of words of un-used stack for the idle (background) task.
Max segments Max number of setpoint programmer segments available
MaxSegsPerProg Specifies the maximum number of segments that can be configured for a single program
CntrlOverrun Indicates the amount of control overrun.
PSUident Shows type of PSU fitted 0 = Mains 1= 24V dc
PwrFailCount Counts the number of times the instrument power has been switched off.
Cust1Name Name for custom linearisation table 1
Cust2Name Name for custom linearisation table 2
Cust3Name Name for custom linearisation table 3
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8. Chapter 8 I/O Folder
This lists the modules fitted into the instruments, all the IO channels, the fixed IO and the current monitoring.
The IO folder lists all the channels of each of the IO boards in the 4 available slots. Each board has up to 8 inputs or
outputs making a maximum of 32 channels. The channels are listed under Mod1 to Mod32.
Slot Channels
1 IO.Mod.1 to IO.Mod.8
2 IO.Mod.9 to IO.Mod.16
3 IO.Mod.17 to IO.Mod.24
4 IO.Mod.25 to IO.Mod.32
Note that the current transformer input, CT3, is not included in this arrangement. There is a separate folder for current
monitoring under IO.CurrentMonitor. If this board is fitted into slot 2 the IO.Mod.9 to Mod.16 would not exist.
8.1 Module ID
Folder: IO Sub-folder: ModIDs
Name
Parameter
Description
Value
Default Access Level
Module1 Module1Ident
0 NoMod – No Module
24 DO8Mod – 8 logic outputs
18 RL8Mod – 8 relay outputs
60 DI8 – 8 logic inputs
90 CT3Mod – 3 current transformer inputs
131 TC8Mod – 8 thermocouple/mV inputs
133 TC4Mod – 4 thermocouple/mV inputs
173 RT4 – 4 PT100 inputs
201 AO8Mod – 8 0-20 mA outputs (Slot 4 only)
203 AO4Mod – 4 0-20 mA outputs (Slot 4 only)
0 Read Only
Module2 Module2Ident 0 Read
Only
Module3 Module3Ident 0 Read
Only
Module4 Module4Ident 0 Read
Only
8.1.1 Modules
The content of the Mod folders depends on the type of IO module fitted in each slot. These will be covered in the
following sections.
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8.2 Logic Input
Each DI8 card provides 8 logic input channels (voltage controlled) to the system. These can be wired to provide digital
inputs to any function block within the system.
8.2.1 Logic Input Parameters
Folder – IO Sub-folder Mod.1 to .32
Name Parameter Description Value Default Access Level
Ident Channel Identity LogicIn Read Only
IOType IO Type OnOff On off input Conf
Invert Sets the sense of the logic input No
Yes
No inversion
Inverted
No Conf
Measured Val Measured Value On/Off Value seen at the
terminals
Off Read
Only
PV Process Variable On/Off Value after allowing for
Invert
Off Read Only
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8.3 Logic Output
If a slot is fitted with a DO8 board then 8 channels will be available to be configured and connected to Loop outputs,
alarms or other logic signals.
8.3.1 Logic Out Parameters
Folder – IO Sub-folder Mod.1 to .32
Name
Parameter Description Value
Default Access Level
Ident Channel Identity LogicOut Read Only
IOType IO Type OnOff On off output Conf
Time Prop Time proportioning
output
Invert Sets the sense of the logic input or
output
No
Yes
No inversion
Inverted
No Conf
SbyAct Action taken by output when
instrument goes into Standby Mode
Off, On
Continue
Switches On/Off
Remains in its last state
Off Conf
The next five parameters are only shown when ‘IO Type’ = ‘Time Prop’ outputs
MinOnTime
Minimum output on/off time.
Prevents relays from switching too
rapidly
Auto
0.01 to 150.00
seconds
Auto = 20ms. This is the
fastest allowable update
rate for the output
Auto Oper
DisplayHigh The maximum displayable reading 0.00 to 100.00 100.00 Oper
DisplayLow The minimum displayable reading 0.00 to 100.00 0.00 Oper
RangeHigh The maximum (electrical)
input/output level
0.00 to 100.00 100 Oper
RangeLow The minimum (electrical)
input/output level
0.00 to 100.00 0 Oper
Always displayed
MeasuredVal The current value of the output
demand signal to the hardware
including the effect of the Invert
parameter.
0
1
Off
On
Read only
PV This is the desired output value,
before the Invert parameter is
applied
0 to 100
or
0 to 1 (OnOff)
Oper
PV can be wired from the output of a function block. For example if it is used for control it may be wired from the control
loop output (Ch1 Output).
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8.3.2 Logic Output Scaling
If the output is configured for time proportioning control, it can be scaled such that a lower and upper level of PID
demand signal can limit the operation of the output value.
By default, the output will be fully off for 0% power demand, fully on for 100% power demand and equal on/off times at
50% power demand. You can change these limits to suit the process. It is important to note, however, that these limits
are set to safe values for the process. For example, for a heating process it may be required to maintain a minimum level
of temperature. This can be achieved by applying an offset at 0% power demand which will maintain the output on for a
period of time. Care must be taken to ensure that this minimum on period does not cause the process to overheat.
If Range Hi is set to a value <100% the time proportioning output will switch at a rate depending on the value - it will not
switch fully on.
Similarly, if Range Lo is set to a value >0% it will not switch fully off.
Figure 8-1: Time Proportioning Output
8.3.3 Example: To Scale a Proportioning Logic Output
Access level must be configuration.
In this example the output will switch on for 8% of the time when the PID demand wired to ‘PV’ signal is at 0%.
Similarly, it will remain on for 90% of the time when the demand signal is at 100%
Range Lo = 0%
Output permanently off
Output state
PID Demand signal
Disp Hi
eg 100%
Disp Lo
eg 0%
Range Hi = 100%
Output permanently on
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8.4 Relay Output
If slot 2 and/or 3 is fitted with a RL8 board then 8 channels will be available to be configured and connected to Loop
outputs, alarms or other logic signals.
8.4.1 Relay Parameters
Folder – IO Sub-folder Mod.9 to .24
Name
Parameter Description Value
Default Access Level
Ident Channel Identity Relay Read Only
IOType IO Type OnOff On off output Conf
Time Prop Time proportioning
output
Invert Sets the sense of the logic input or
output
No
Yes
No inversion
Inverted
No Conf
SbyAct Action taken by output when
instrument goes into Standby Mode
Off, On
Continue
Switches On/Off
Remains in its last state
Off Conf
The next five parameters are only shown when ‘IO Type’ = ‘Time Prop’ outputs
MinOnTime
Minimum output on/off time.
Prevents relays from switching too
rapidly
Auto
0.01 to 150.00
seconds
Auto = 220ms. This is the
fastest allowable update
rate for the output
Auto Oper
DisplayHigh The maximum displayable reading 0.00 to 100.00 100.00 Oper
DisplayLow The minimum displayable reading 0.00 to 100.00 0.00 Oper
RangeHigh The maximum (electrical)
input/output level
0.00 to 100.00 100 Oper
RangeLow The minimum (electrical)
input/output level
0.00 to 100.00 0 Oper
Always displayed
MeasuredVal The current value of the output
demand signal to the hardware
including the effect of the Invert
parameter.
0
1
Off
On
Read only
PV This is the desired output value,
before the Invert parameter is
applied
0 to 100
or
0 to 1 (OnOff)
Oper
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8.5 Thermocouple Input
A TC4 offers 4 channels and the TC8 board offers 8 channels which may be configured as thermocouple inputs or mV
inputs.
8.5.1 Thermocouple Input Parameters
Folder – IO Sub-headers: Mod .1 to .32
Name
Parameter Description Value
Default Access Level
Ident Channel Ident TCinput Read Only
IO Type IO Type Thermocouple
mV
For direct t/c connection
For mV inputs, usually linear,
scaled to engineering units.
Conf
Lin Type Input linearisation see section 8.5.2 Conf
Units Display units used for
units conversion
see section 16.1.2 Conf
Resolution Resolution XXXXX to X.XXXX Sets scaling for digital
communications using the
SCADA table
Conf
CJC Type To select the cold
junction compensation
method
Internal
0
o
C
45
o
C
50
o
C
External
Off
See description in section 8.5.3.
for further details
Internal Conf
SBrk Type Sensor break type
Low Sensor break will be detected
when its impedance is greater
than a ‘low’ value
Conf
High Sensor break will be detected
when its impedance is greater
than a ‘high’ value
Off No sensor break
SBrk Alarm Sets the alarm action
when a sensor break
condition is detected
ManLatch Manual
latching
see also the alarm
Chapter 9 Alarms
Oper
NonLatch No
latching
Off No sensor break alarm
AlarmAck Sensor Break alarm
acknowledge
No
Yes
No Oper
DisplayHigh The maximum display
value in engineering units
-99999 to 99999
For IO Type mV only
Limits apply to Linear and
SqRoot linearisation.
See 7.3.7
100 Oper
DisplayLow The minimum display
value in engineering units
-99999 to 99999 0 Oper
RangeHigh The maximum (electrical)
input mV
RangeLow to 70 70 Oper
RangeLow The minimum (electrical)
input mV
-70 to RangeHigh 0 Oper
Fallback Fallback Strategy
See also section 8.5.5.
Downscale Meas Value = Input range lo -
5% of the mV signal received
from the PV input.
Conf
Upscale Meas Value = Input range Hi +
5% of the mV signal received
from the PV input.
Fall Good Meas Value = Fallback PV
Fall Bad Meas Value = Fallback PV
Clip Good Meas Value = Input range Hi/lo
+/- 5%
Clip Bad Meas Value = Input range Hi/lo
+/- 5%
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Folder – IO Sub-headers: Mod .1 to .32
Name
Parameter Description Value
Default Access Level
Fallback PV Fallback value
See also section 8.5.5.
Instrument range Conf
Filter Time
Constant
Input filter time.
An input filter provides damping of the input
signal. This may be necessary to prevent the
effects of excessive noise on the PV input.
Off to 500:00 (hhh:mm)
s:ms to hhh:mm
1s600ms Oper
Measured Val The current electrical value of the PV input R/O
PV The current value of the PV input after
linearisation
Instrument range R/O
LoPoint Low Point Lower cal point (See 7.5.6)
Offset at lower point
Higher cal point
Offset at Higher point
0.0 Oper
LoOffset Low Offset 0.0 Oper
HiPoint High Point 0.0 Oper
HiOffset High Offset 0.0 Oper
Offset Used to add a constant offset to the PV
see section 8.5.7
Instrument range 0.0 Oper
CJC Temp Reads the temperature of the rear terminals at
the thermocouple connection
R/O
SBrk Value Sensor break Value
Used for diagnostics only, and displays the
sensor break trip value
R/O
Cal State Calibration State.
Calibration of the PV
Input is described in
section 23.5
Idle Conf
Status PV Status
The current status of the
PV.
0 - OK
1 - Startup
2 - SensorBreak
4 – Out of range
6 - Saturated
8 – Not Calibrated
25 – No Module
Normal operation
Initial startup mode
Input in sensor break
PV outside operating limits
Saturated input
Uncalibrated channel
No Module
R/O
SbrkOutput Sensor Break Output Off /On R/O
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8.5.2 Linearisation Types and Ranges
Input Type Min
Range
Max
Range
Units Min
Range
Max
Range
Units
J Thermocouple type J -210 1200 oC -346 2192 oF
K Thermocouple type K -200 1372
o
C -328 2501 oF
L Thermocouple type L -200 900
o
C -328 1652 oF
R Thermocouple type R -50 1768
o
C -58 3214 oF
B Thermocouple type B 0 1820
o
C 32 3308 oF
N Thermocouple type N -200 1300
o
C -328 2372 oF
T Thermocouple type T -250 400
o
C -418 752 oF
S Thermocouple type S -50 1768 oC -58 3214 oF
PL2 Thermocouple Platinel II 0 1369
o
C 32 2496 oF
C Custom
Linear mV linear input -70 70 mV
SqRoot Square root
Custom Customised linearisation
tables
8.5.3 CJC Type
A thermocouple measures the temperature difference between the measuring junction
and the reference junction. The reference junction, therefore, must either be held at a
fixed known temperature or accurate compensation be used for any temperature
variations of the junction.
8.5.3.1 Internal Compensation
The controller is provided with a temperature sensing device which senses the
temperature at the point where the thermocouple is joined to the copper wiring of the
instrument and applies a corrective signal.
Where very high accuracy is needed and to accommodate multi-thermocouple
installations, larger reference units are used which can achieve an accuracy of ±0.1°C or better. These units also allow
the cables to the instrumentation to be run in copper. The reference units are contained basically under three
techniques, Ice-Point, Hot Box and Isothermal.
8.5.3.2 The Ice-Point
There are usually two methods of feeding the EMF from the thermocouple to the measuring instrumentation via the icepoint reference, the bellows type and the temperature sensor type.
The bellows type utilises the precise volumetric increase which occurs when a known quantity of ultra pure water
changes state from liquid to solid. A precision cylinder actuates expansion bellows which control power to a
thermoelectric cooling device. The temperature sensor type uses a metal block of high thermal conductance and mass,
which is thermally insulated from ambient temperatures. The block temperature is lowered to 0°C by a cooling element,
and maintained there by a temperature sensing device.
Special thermometers are obtainable for checking the 0°C reference units and alarm circuits that detect any movement
from the zero position can be fitted.
8.5.3.3 The Hot Box
Thermocouples are calibrated in terms of EMF generated by the measuring junctions relative to the reference junction
at 0°C. Different reference points can produce different characteristics of thermocouples, therefore referencing at
another temperature does present problems. However, the ability of the hot box to work at very high ambient
temperatures, plus a good reliability factor has led to an increase in its usage. The unit can consist of a thermally
insulated solid aluminium block in which the reference junctions are embedded.
The block temperature is controlled by a closed loop system, and a heater is used as a booster when initially switching
on. This booster drops out before the reference temperature, usually between 55°C and 65°C, is reached, but the
stability of the hot box temperature is now important. Measurements cannot be taken until the hot box reaches the
correct temperature.
Measuring
junction
Reference
junction
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8.5.3.4 Isothermal Systems
The thermocouple junctions being referenced are contained in a block which is heavily thermally insulated. The
junctions are allowed to follow the mean ambient temperature, which varies slowly. This variation is accurately sensed
by electronic means, and a signal is produced for the associated instrumentation. The high reliability factor of this
method has favoured its use for long term monitoring.
8.5.3.5 CJC Options in Mini8 Controller Series
0 – Internal CJC measurement at instrument terminals
1 – 0C CJC based on external junctions kept at 0C (Ice Point)
2 – 45C CJC based on external junctions kept at 45C (Hot Box)
3 – 50C CJC based on external junctions kept at 50C (Hot Box)
4 – External CJC based on independent external measurement
5 – Off CJC switched off
8.5.4 Sensor Break Value
The controller continuously monitors the impedance of a transducer or sensor connected to any analogue input. This
impedance, expressed as a % of the impedance which causes the sensor break flag to trip, is a parameter called
‘SBrkValue’.
The table below shows the typical impedance which causes sensor break to trip for various types of input and high and
low SBrk Impedance readings. The impedance values are only approximate (±25%) as they are not factory calibrated.
TC4/TC8 Input
Range -77 to
+77mV
SBrk Impedance – High
SBrk Impedance – Low
~ 12KΩ
~ 3KΩ
8.5.5 Fallback
A Fallback strategy may be used to configure the default value for the PV in case of an error condition. The error may be
due an out of range value, a sensor break, lack of calibration or a saturated input.
The Status parameter would indicate the error condition and could be used to diagnose the problem.
Fallback has several modes and may be associated with the Fallback PV parameter
The Fallback PV may be used to configure the value assigned to the PV in case of an error condition. The Fallback
parameter should be configured accordingly.
The fallback parameter may be configured so as to force a Good or Bad status when in operation. This in turn allows the
user to choose to override or allow error conditions to affect the process.
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8.5.6 User Calibration (Two Point)
All ranges of the controller have been calibrated against traceable reference standards. However in a particular
application it may be necessary to adjust the displayed reading to overcome other effects within the process. A two
point calibration is offered allowing offset and slope adjustment. This is most useful where the setpoints used in a
process cover a wide range. The Low and High points should be set on or near the extremities of the range.
8.5.7 PV Offset (Single Point)
All ranges of the controller have been calibrated against traceable reference standards. This means that if the input type
is changed it is not necessary to calibrate the controller. There may be occasions, however, when you wish to apply an
offset to the standard calibration to take account of known errors within the process, for example, a known sensor error
or a known error due to the positioning of the sensor. In these instances it is not advisable to change the reference
calibration, but to apply a user defined offset.
A single point offset is most useful where the process setpoint remains at nominally the same value.
PV Offset applies a single offset over the full display range of the controller and can be adjusted in Operator Mode. It
has the effect of moving the curve up a down about a central point as shown in the example below:-
8.5.7.1 Example: To Apply an Offset:-
Connect the input of the controller to the source device which you wish to calibrate to
Set the source to the desired calibration value
The controller will show the current measurement of the value
If the value is correct, the controller is correctly calibrated and no further action is necessary. If you wish to
offset the reading use the Offset parameter where
Corrected value (PV) = input value + Offset.
Low offset
(e.g. 1.1°)
High offset
(e.g. 2.9°)
Low point
(e.g. 50°)
High point
(e.g. 500°)
Display
Reading
Measured
Reading
Factory
calibration
Measured
Reading
Display
Reading
Fixed offset
(e.g. 2.1°)
Factory
calibration
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8.5.8 Using TC4 or TC8 channel as a mV input
Example – a pressure sensor provides 0 to 33mV for 0 to 200 bar.
1. Set IO type as mV
2. Set the Linearisation Type as Linear
3. Set DisplayHigh to 200 (bar)
4. Set DisplayLow to 0 (bar)
5. Set RangeHigh to 33 mV
6. Set RangeLow to 0 mV
Note maximum input range is ± 70 mV
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8.6 Resistance Thermometer Input
The RT4 module offers 4 resistance inputs which can be linear or PT100.
8.6.1 RT Input Parameters
Folder – IO Sub-headers: Mod .1 to .32
Name
Parameter Description Value
Default Access
Level
Ident Channel Ident RTinput Read Only
IO Type IO Type RTD2
RTD3
RTD4
For 2 wire, 3 wire or 4 wire connections. Conf
Lin Type Linearisation Type See section
8.6.2
Conf
Units Display units used for
units conversion
See section
16.1.2
Conf
Resolution Resolution XXXXX to
X.XXXX
Sets scaling for digital communications
using the SCADA table
Conf
SBrk Type Sensor break type
Low Sensor break will be detected when its
impedance is greater than a ‘low’ value
Conf
High Sensor break will be detected when its
impedance is greater than a ‘high’
value
Off No sensor break
SBrk Alarm Sets the alarm action
when a sensor break
condition is detected
ManLatch Manual latching see also the alarm
Chapter 8 Alarms
Oper
NonLatch No latching
Off No sensor break alarm
AlarmAck Sensor Break alarm
acknowledge
No
Yes
No Oper
Fallback Fallback Strategy
See also section 8.5.5.
Downscale Meas Value = Input range lo - 5% Conf
Upscale Meas Value = Input range Hi + 5%
Fall Good Meas Value = Fallback PV
Fall Bad Meas Value = Fallback PV
Clip Good Meas Value = Input range Hi/lo +/- 5%
Clip Bad Meas Value = Input range Hi/lo +/- 5%
Fallback PV Fallback value
See also section 8.5.5.
Instrument range Conf
Filter Time
Constant
Input filter time.
An input filter provides damping of the
input signal. This may be necessary to
prevent the effects of excessive noise on
the PV input.
Off to 500:00 (hhh:mm)
s:ms to hhh:mm
1.6 seconds Oper
Measured Val The current electrical value of the PV
input
R/O
PV The current value of the PV input after
linearisation
Instrument range R/O
LoPoint Low Point Lower cal point (See section 8.5.6)
Offset at lower cal point
Higher cal point
Offset at Higher cal point
0.0 Oper
LoOffset Low Offset 0.0 Oper
HiPoint High Point 0.0 Oper
HiOffset High Offset 0.0 Oper
Offset Used to add a constant offset to the PV
see section 8.5.7
Instrument range 0.0 Oper
SBrk Value Sensor break Value
Used for diagnostics only, and displays
the sensor break trip value
R/O
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Folder – IO Sub-headers: Mod .1 to .32
Name
Parameter Description Value
Default Access
Level
Cal State Calibration State.
Calibration of the PV
Input is described in
Chapter 23.5
Idle Conf
Status PV Status
The current status of the
PV.
0 - OK
1 - Startup
2 - SensorBreak
4 – Out of range
6 - Saturated
8 – Not Calibrated
25 – No Module
Normal operation
Initial startup mode
Input in sensor break
PV outside operating limits
Saturated input
Uncalibrated channel
No Module
R/O
SbrkOutput Sensor Break Output Off /On R/O
8.6.2 Linearisation Types and Ranges
Input Type Min
Range
Max
Range
Units Min Range Max Range Units
PT100 100 ohm platinum bulb
-200 850
o
C -328 1562 oF
Linear Linear 50 450
ohms
8.6.3 Using RT4 as mA input
Wire the input with a 2.49 ohm resistor as shown in 1.13.
The PV is mapped from the input
using User Cal – see section 8.5.6
Approximate Values for 4-20mA
input with 2.49 ohm resistor.
PV
range
4 to 20 0 to
100
LoPoint 35.4 35.4
LoOffset -31.4 -35.4
HiPoint 169.5 169.5
HiOffset -149.5 -69.5
For best accuracy the input
should be calibrated against a
reference.
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8.7 Analogue Output
The AO4 offers 4 channels and the AO8 module 8 channels which maybe configured as mA outputs. An AO4 or AO8
may only be fitted in Slot 4.
Folder – IO Sub-folder: Mod.25 to Mod.32
Name
Parameter Description Value
Default Access Level
Ident Channel ident mAout R/O
IO Type To configure the output
drive signal
mA milli-amps dc Conf
Resolution Display resolution XXXXX to X.XXXX Determines scaling for
SCADA communications
Conf
Disp Hi Display high reading -99999 to 99999 decimal points depend on
resolution
100 Oper
Disp Lo Display low reading 0 Oper
Range Hi Electrical high input level 0 to 20 20 Oper
Range Lo Electrical low input level 4 Oper
Meas Value The current output value R/O
PV Oper
Status PV Status
The current status of the PV.
0 - OK
1 - Startup
2 - SensorBreak
4 – Out of range
6 - Saturated
8 – Not Calibrated
25 – No Module
Normal operation
Initial startup mode
Input in sensor break
PV outside operating limits
Saturated input
Uncalibrated channel
No Module
R/O
8.7.1 Example: 4 to 20mA Analogue Output
In this example 0% (=Display Low) to 100% (=Display High) from a Loop PID Output is wired to this output channel PV
input which will give a 4mA (=Range Low) to 20mA (=Range High) control signal.
Here the PID demand is 50% giving a MeasuredVal output of 12mA.
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8.8 Fixed IO
There are two digital inputs, designated D1 and D2.
Folder: IO Sub-folder: Fixed IO.D1 and .D2
Name
Parameter Description Value
Default Access Level
Ident Channel Ident LogicIn LogicIn Read Only
IO Type IO Type Input Input Read
Only
Invert Invert No/Yes – input sense is inverted No Conf
Measured Val Measured Value On/Off Value seen at the terminals Off Read
Only
PV Process Variable On/Off Value after allowing for Invert Off Read Only
There are two fixed relay outputs, designated A and B
Folder: IO Sub-folder: Fixed IO.A and .B
Name
Parameter Description Value
Default Access Level
Ident Channel Ident
Relay
Relay Read Only
IO Type IO Type OnOff OnOff Read
Only
Invert Invert No/Yes = output sense is inverted. No Conf
Measured Val Measured Value On/Off Value seen at the terminals
after allowing for Invert.
Off Read
Only
PV Process Variable On/Off Requested output before
Invert
Off Oper
SbyAct Action taken by output when
instrument goes into Standby Mode
Off, On
Continue
Switches On/Off
Remains in its last state
Off Conf
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8.9 Current Monitor
The Mini8 controller, with a CT3 card, has the capability of detecting failures of up to 16 heater loads by measuring the
current flowing through them via 3 current transformer inputs. The failures that can be detected are:
SSR Fault
If current is detected flowing through the heater when the controller is requesting it to be off then this indicates that the
SSR has a short circuit fault. If current is not detected when the controller is requesting the heater to be on it indicates
that the SSR has an open circuit fault.
Partial Load Fault (PLF)
If less current is detected flowing through the heater than the PLF threshold, which has been set for that channel, then
this indicates that the heater has a fault; in applications that use multiple heater elements in parallel then it indicates that
one or more of the elements has an open circuit fault.
Over Current Fault (OCF)
If more current is detected flowing through the heater than the OCF threshold then this indicates that the heater has a
fault; in applications that use multiple heater elements in parallel then it indicates that one or more of the elements has
lower than expected resistance value.
It should be noted that if the loop associated with a CT monitored output is inhibited, then that output will be excluded
from the CT measurements and fault detection.
Heater failures are indicated via individual load status parameters and via four status words. In addition, a global alarm
parameter will indicate when a new CT alarm has been detected, which, will also be registered in the alarm log.
8.9.1 Current Measurement
Individual LoadCurrent parameters indicate the current measured for each heater. The Current Monitor function block
utilises a cycling algorithm to measure the current flowing through one heater per measurement interval (default 10s,
user alterable). Compensation within the control loop minimises the disturbance to the PV when current through a load
is being measured.
The interval between successive measurements is dependent upon the average output power required to maintain SP.
The recommended absolute minimum interval can be calculated as follows:
Minimum interval (s) > 0.25 * (100/average output power to maintain SP).
For example, if average output power to maintain SP is 10%, using the above rule, the recommended minimum interval
is 2.5 seconds. The interval may need to be adjusted depending upon the response of the heaters being used.
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8.9.2 Single Phase Configurations
8.9.2.1 Single SSR triggering
With this configuration, failures of individual heater loads can be detected. For example, if the current detected flowing
through Heater 3 is less than its PLF threshold then this will be indicated as Load3PLF.
Example1 – Using one CT input
Example2 – Using three CT inputs
All time proportioning outputs assigned
to a single CT input
CT1
H1
H2
H3
OP1
OP2
OP3
OP4
OP5
OP6
L
H4
H5
H6
N
Note: Maximum of 6 Heaters can be connected to one CT input
MINI8
controller
This configuration also
identifies individual heater
failures
CT1
H1
H2
H3
OP1
OP2
OP3
OP4
OP5
OP6
MINI8
controller
L
H4
H5
H6
CT2
CT3
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8.9.2.2 Multiple SSR triggering
With this configuration, failure of a set of heater loads can be detected. For example, if the current detected flowing
through Heater Set 1 is less than Load1’s PLF threshold then this will be indicated as Load1PLF. Further investigation will
then be required to determine which heater within Set 1 has failed.
8.9.2.3 Split Time Proportioning Outputs
This is where a single power demand is split and applied to two time proportioning outputs, that have been scaled,
allowing the loads to switch on incrementally as the output power increases. For example, Heater1 will deliver any
demand from 0-50%, and Heater2 will deliver any demand from 50-100% (with Heater1 fully on).
As the Mini8 controller has the capability of detecting faults with up to 16 heater loads it can handle this type of
application even if all 8 loops have split time proportioning outputs.
CT1
H1
H2
H3
OP1
OP2
L
H4
H5
H6
N
Heater Set 1
Heater Set 2
MINI8
controller
H1
L
Loop
Mod.17
Mod.18
Pre-Scaling
0 100
Ch1Out
PV
H2
CurrentMonitor
CT1
100
50
Pre-Scaling
0 100
PV
50
0
MINI8
controller
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8.9.3 Three Phase Configuration
Configuration for Three Phase supply applications is similar to that for Single phase using three CT inputs.
All currents passed
through an individual CT
must come from the
same phase
Star with neutral or delta
connection is possible
N/Ph
N/Ph
N/Ph
CT1
CT2
CT3
H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
H6
OP1
OP2
OP3
OP4
OP5
OP6
Ph1 Ph2 Ph3
Note: Maximum of 6 Heaters can be connected to one CT input
MINI8
controller
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8.9.4 Parameter Configuration
If Current Monitor is enabled in the folder Instrument/Options/Current Monitor then the current monitor configuration
folder appears as a subfolder in IO.
Folder: IO Sub-folder: CurrentMonitor/Config
Name
Parameter
Description
Value
Default Access Level
Commission Commission CT No See section 8.9.5
Auto
Manual
Accept
Abort
No Oper
CommissionStatus Commission
Status
Not commissioned Not commissioned 0 Read
Only
Commissioning Commissioning in progress
NoDO8orRL8cards There are no DO8/RL8 cards
installed in the instrument.
NoloopTPouts The digital outputs are either not
configured as time proportioning
or are not wired from loop heater
channels.
SSRfault Either a SSR short circuit or open
circuit fault is present.
MaxLoadsCT1/2/3
More than 6 heaters have been
connected to CT input 1or 2 or 3.
NotAccepted Commissioning failed
Passed Successfully auto commissioned
ManuallyConfigured Configured manually
Interval Measurement
Interval
1s to 1m 10s Oper
Inhibit Inhibit No – current is measured
Yes –current measurement is inhibited
No Oper
MaxLeakPh1 Max Leakage
Current Phase 1
0.25 to 1 amp 0.25 Oper
MaxLeakPh2 Max Leakage
Current Phase 2
0.25 to 1 amp 0.25 Oper
MaxLeakPh3 Max Leakage
Current Phase 3
0.25 to 1 amp 0.25 Oper
CT1Range* CT input 1
range
10 to 1000 amps (Ratio to 50mA) 10 Oper
CT2Range* CT input 2
range
10 to 1000 amps (Ratio to 50mA) 10 Oper
CT3Range* CT input 3
range
10 to 1000 amps (Ratio to 50mA) 10 Oper
CalibrateCT1 Calibrate CT1 Idle See section 23.5
0mA
-70mA
LoadFactorCal
SaveUserCal
Idle Oper
CalibrateCT2 Calibrate CT2 As CT1 Idle Oper
CalibrateCT3 Calibrate CT3 As CT1 Idle Oper
The current rating of the CT used for each of the CT input channels should cover only the single largest
load current proposed for its group of heaters. e.g. if CT1 has heaters of 15A, 15A & 25A it would need a
CT capable of at least 25A.
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8.9.5 Commissioning
8.9.5.1 Auto Commission
Auto commissioning of the Current Monitor is a feature that automatically detects which time proportioning outputs
drive individual heaters (or heater sets), detects which CT input individual heaters are associated with and determines
the Partial Load and Over Current thresholds using a 1:8 ratio. If auto commissioning fails, a status parameter indicates
the reason why.
Note: In order for the auto commissioning to operate successfully the process must be enabled for full operation of the
heating circuit with the digital outputs configured as Time Proportioning and ‘soft’ wired to the appropriate loop
heater channels. During auto commissioning digital outputs will switch on and off.
How to Auto Commission
1. Put instrument into Operator Mode.
2. Set Commission to Auto and CommissionStatus will display ‘Commissioning’.
3. If successful, CommissionStatus will display Passed and configured load parameters will become
available. If unsuccessful, CommissionStatus displays the offending fault.
If unsuccessful, CommissionStatus displays the offending fault:
NoDO8orRL8Cards
Indicates that there are no DO8 or RL8 cards installed in the instrument.
NoLoopTPOuts
Indicates that the digital outputs are either not configured as time
proportioning or are not wired from loop heater channels.
SSRFault
Indicates that either a SSR short circuit or open circuit fault is present.
MaxLoadsCT1
(or 2,3)
Indicates that more than 6 heaters have been connected to CT input 1
(or 2,3)
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8.9.5.2 Manual Commission
Manual Commissioning is also available and is intended for those users who want to commission the Current Monitor
off-line or do not want to accept auto commissioned settings.
How to Manual Commission
1. Set Commission to Manual. CommissionStatus will display Commissioning and Load1 configuration
parameters will become available
2. Set Load1DrivenBy to the IO Module that is connected to the heater load.
3. Set Load1CTInput to the CT input number that is connected to the heater load.
4. Set Load1PLFthreshold and Load1OCFthreshold to appropriate values for the heater load.
5. Repeat for other loads.
6. To use the commissioned settings set Commission to ‘Accept’. CommissionStatus will display
ManuallyConfigured.
7. To stop manual commissioning set Commission to ‘Abort’. CommissionStatus will display
NotCommissioned.
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8.9.6 Calibration
A Mini8 controller supplied from factory with the CT3 card already installed the CT inputs will have been factory
calibrated. If the CT3 card is installed at a later date then default calibration values are automatically loaded into the
instrument. However, three calibration parameters, one for each CT input, are provided to allow the inputs to be
calibrated in the field.
Note: DC Current Source, capable of outputting a –70mA signal, is required to calibrate the inputs.
The 3 CT inputs are calibrated individually.
How to Calibrate
1. Apply the stimulus (0mA or –70mA) from the DC current source to the CT input to be calibrated.
2. Set CalibrateCT1, to reflect the stimulus being applied to the input.
3. CalibrateCT1 displays ‘Confirm’. Select ‘Go’ to proceed with the calibration process.
4. After selecting Go, CalibrateCT1 displays ‘Calibrating’.
5. If calibration was successful, CalibrateCT1 displays ‘Passed’. Select ‘Accept’ to keep the calibration
values.
6. If calibration was unsuccessful, CalibrateCT1 displays ‘Failed’. Select ‘Abort’ to reject the calibration.
7. Select ‘SaveUserCal’ to save the calibration values into non-volatile memory.
8. Select ‘LoadFactCal’ to restore calibration values to the factory calibrated or default settings.
9. Note: It is possible to stop the calibration process at anytime by selecting ‘Abort’.
Follow the same procedure for CT2 and CT3.
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9. Chapter 9 Alarms
Alarms are used to alert the system when a pre-set level has been exceeded or a particular condition has changed state.
As the Mini8 controller has no display to show alarms the alarm flags are all available over communications in status
words See Alarm Summary (Section 9.7). They may also be wired directly or via logic to an output such as a relay.
Alarms can be divided into two main types. These are:Analogue alarms - operate by monitoring an analogue variable such as the process variable and comparing it with a set
threshold.
Digital alarms – operate when the state of a boolean variable changes, for example, sensor break.
Number of Alarms - up to 32 analogue and 32 digital alarms may be configured.
9.1 Further Alarm Definitions
Hysteresis
is the difference between the point at which the alarm switches ‘ON’ and the point at
which it switches ‘OFF’. It is used to provide a definite indication of the alarm condition
and to prevent alarm relay chatter.
Latch
used to hold the alarm condition once an alarm has been detected. It may be
configured as:-
None Non
latching
A non latching alarm will reset itself when the alarm condition is
removed
Auto Automatic An auto latching alarm requires acknowledgement before it is
reset. The acknowledgement can occur BEFORE the condition
causing the alarm is removed.
Manual Manual The alarm continues to be active until both the alarm condition
is removed AND the alarm is acknowledged. The
acknowledgement can only occur AFTER the condition causing
the alarm is removed.
Event Event Alarm output will activate.
Block
The alarm may be masked during start up. Blocking prevents the alarm from being
activated until the process has first achieved a safe state. It is used, for example, to
ignore start up conditions which are not representative of running conditions. A
blocking alarm is re-initiated after a setpoint change.
Delay
A short time can be set for each alarm which prevents the output from going into the
alarm state. The alarm is still detected as soon as it occurs, but if it cancels before the
end of the delay period then no output is triggered. The timer for the delay is then
reset. It is also reset if an alarm is changed from being inhibited to uninhibited.
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9.2 Analogue Alarms
Analogue alarms operate on variables such as PV, output levels, etc. They can be soft wired to these variables to suit the
process.
9.2.1 Analogue Alarm Types
Absolute High - an alarm occurs when the PV exceeds a set high threshold.
Absolute Low - an alarm occurs when the PV exceeds a set low threshold.
Deviation High - an alarm occurs when the PV is higher than the setpoint by a set threshold
Deviation Low - an alarm occurs when the PV is lower than the setpoint by a set threshold
Deviation Band - an alarm occurs when the PV is higher or lower than the setpoint by a set threshold
These are shown graphically below for changes in PV plotted against time. (Hysteresis set to zero)
Abs Low
On
On
Dev Low
On On
Dev High
On
Dev Bnd
On On On
Abs High
On
Time
Setpoint (SP)
Abs High
Abs Low
Dev Hi
g
h
Dev Low
Dev
Bnd
PV
Process Variable (PV)
A
larm Type
Out
p
ut State
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9.3 Digital Alarms
Digital alarms operate on Boolean variables. They can be soft wired to any suitable Boolean parameter such as digital
inputs or outputs.
9.3.1 Digital Alarm Types
Pos Edge
The alarm will trigger when the input changes from a low to high condition
Neg Edge
The alarm will trigger when the input changes from a high to low condition
Edge
The alarm will trigger on any change of state of the input signal
High
The alarm will trigger when the input signal is high
Low
The alarm will trigger when the input signal is low
9.4 Alarm Outputs
Alarms can operate a specific output (usually a relay). Any individual alarm can operate an individual output or any
combination of alarms can operate an individual output. They are wired as required in configuration level
.
9.4.1 How Alarms are Indicated
Alarm states are all embedded in 16 bit status words. See Alarm Summary in Section 9.7.
9.4.2 To Acknowledge an Alarm
Set the appropriate alarm acknowledge flag to acknowledge that particular alarm. Alternatively the GlobalAck in the
AlmSummary folder can be used to acknowledge ALL alarms that require acknowledging in the instrument.
The action, which now takes place, will depend on the type of latching, which has been configured.
9.4.2.1 Non Latched Alarms
If the alarm condition is present when the alarm is acknowledged, the alarm output will be continuously active. This
state will continue for as long as the alarm condition remains. When the alarm condition clears the output will go off.
If the alarm condition clears before it is acknowledged the alarm output goes off as soon as the condition disappears.
9.4.2.2 Automatic Latched Alarms
The alarm continues to be active until both the alarm condition is removed AND the alarm is acknowledged. The
acknowledgement can occur BEFORE the condition causing the alarm is removed.
9.4.2.3 Manual Latched Alarms
The alarm continues to be active until both the alarm condition is removed AND the alarm is acknowledged. The
acknowledgement can only occur AFTER the condition causing the alarm is removed.
OR
Invert
Output
No
Yes
Each source may be
chosen from:-
Analogue Alarms 1 to 32
Digital Alarms 1 to 32
Any alarms
New alarm/ New CT
Alarm
Loop break alarms
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9.5 Alarm Parameters
Four groups of eight analogue alarms are available. The following table shows the parameters to set up and configure
alarms.
Folder: Alarm Sub-folders: 1 to 32
Name
Parameter Description Value
Default Access Level
Type Selects the type of alarm None Alarm not configured Conf
Abs Hi Full Scale High
Abs Lo Full Scale Low
Dev Hi Deviation High
Dev Lo Deviation Low
Dv Bnd Deviation band
In This is the parameter that will be monitored and
compared against the threshold value to see if an
alarm condition has occurred
Instrument range Oper
Reference The reference value is used in deviation alarms and
the threshold is measured from this reference and
not from its absolute value.
Instrument range Oper
Threshold The threshold is the value that the input is
compared against to determine if an alarm has
occurred.
Instrument range Oper
Out The output indicates whether the alarm is on or off
depending on:
the alarm condition, latching and acknowledge,
inhibiting and blocking.
Off Alarm output
deactivated
R/O
On Alarm output activated
Inhibit Inhibit is an input to the Alarm function. It allows
the alarm to be switched OFF. Typically the Inhibit
is connected to a digital input or event so that
during a phase of the process alarms do not
activate. For Example, if the door to a furnace is
opened the alarms may be inhibited until the door
is closed again.
No
Yes
Alarm not inhibited
Inhibit function active
Oper
Hysteresis Hysteresis is used to prevent signal noise from
causing the Alarm output to oscillate. Alarm
outputs become active as soon as the PV exceeds
the Alarm Setpoint. They return to inactive after
the PV has returned to the safe region by more
than the hysteresis value. Typically the Alarm
hysteresis is set to a value that is greater than the
oscillations seen on the instrument display
Instrument range Oper
Latch Determine the type of latching the alarm will use, if
any. Auto latching allows acknowledgement while
the alarm condition is still active, whereas manual
latching needs the condition to revert back to safe
before the alarm can be acknowledged.
See also the description at the beginning of this
chapter
None No latching is used Oper
Auto Automatic
Manual Manual
Event Event
Ack Used in conjunction with the latching parameter. It
is set when the user responds to an alarm.
No
Yes
Not acknowledged
Acknowledged
Oper
Block Alarm Blocking is used to prevent alarms from
activating during start-up. In some applications,
the measurement at start-up is in an alarm
condition until the system has come under control.
Blocking causes the alarms to be ignored until the
system is under control (in the safe state), after this
any deviations trigger the alarm
No
Yes
No blocking
Blocking
Oper
Delay This is a small delay between sensing the alarm
condition and displaying it. If in the time between
the two, the alarm goes safe, then no alarm is
shown and the delay timer is reset. It can be used
on systems that are prone to noise.
0:00.0 to 500
mm:ss.s
hh:mm:ss
hhh:mm
0:00.0 Oper
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