Page 1
Model 2416
PID Controller
Installation and
Operation handbook
ENG
Page 2
Page 3
Installation and Operation Handbook Contents
2416 Controller Issue 10 May 06 Applies to software version 4.0 1
MODEL 2416 PID CONTROLLER
INSTALLATION AND OPERATION HANDBOOK
Contents Page
1 Chapter 1 INSTALLATION ........................................................................... 1-1
1.1 MECHANICAL INSTALLATION.......................................................................... 1-2
1.1.1 Controller labels ............................................................................................. 1-2
1.1.2 Outline dimensions......................................................................................... 1-2
1.1.3 Panel cut-out and recommended minimum spacing of controllers.................. 1-3
1.1.4 To install the controller ................................................................................... 1-3
1.1.5 Unplugging and plugging-in the controller....................................................... 1-3
1.2 Electrical installation ........................................................................................ 1-4
1.2.1 Rear Terminal Layout..................................................................................... 1-4
1.2.2 Fixed connections .......................................................................................... 1-5
1.2.3 Plug-in module connections ........................................................................... 1-6
1.2.4 Communications module................................................................................ 1-7
1.2.5 Wiring of 2-wire EIA-485 serial communications link ...................................... 1-8
1.3 Typical wiring diagram ..................................................................................... 1-9
1.3.1 Logic Drive Fan Out ..................................................................................... 1-10
1.4 otorised valve connections............................................................................ 1-11
2 Chapter 2 OPERATION ................................................................................ 2-1
2.1 FRONT PANEL LAYOUT ................................................................................... 2-2
2.2 basic operation ................................................................................................. 2-4
2.2.1 Alarms............................................................................................................ 2-4
2.3 Operating modes .............................................................................................. 2-5
2.3.1 Automatic mode............................................................................................. 2-6
2.3.2 Manual mode ................................................................................................. 2-7
2.4 Parameters and how to access them .............................................................. 2-8
2.4.1 List header displays ....................................................................................... 2-8
2.4.2 Parameter names........................................................................................... 2-9
2.4.3 Parameter displays ........................................................................................ 2-9
2.4.4 To change the value of a parameter............................................................... 2-9
2.5 Navigation Diagram (Part A)........................................................................... 2-10
2.6 PArameter tables............................................................................................. 2-12
2.7 Alarms.............................................................................................................. 2-16
2.7.1 Alarm annunciation ...................................................................................... 2-16
2.7.2 Alarm acknowledgement and resetting......................................................... 2-16
2.7.3 Alarm modes................................................................................................ 2-16
2.7.4 Alarm types.................................................................................................. 2-16
2.7.5 Process alarms ............................................................................................ 2-16
2.8 Diagnostic alarms ........................................................................................... 2-17
3 Chapter 3 ACCESS LEVELS........................................................................ 3-1
3.1 Edit level............................................................................................................ 3-4
4 Chapter 4 TUNING........................................................................................ 4-1
4.1 WHAT IS TUNING?............................................................................................ 4-1
4.2 AUTOMATIC TUNING ........................................................................................ 4-2
4.2.1 Typical automatic tuning cycle ....................................................................... 4-3
4.3 MANUAL TUNING.............................................................................................. 4-4
4.3.1 Setting the cutback values ............................................................................. 4-5
4.3.2 Integral action and manual reset .................................................................... 4-6
4.3.3 Automatic droop compensation (Adc) ............................................................ 4-6
Page 4
Contents Installation and Operation Handbook
2 2416 Controller Issue 10 May 06 Applies to software version 4.0
4.3.4 Tune Error...................................................................................................... 4-6
4.4 motorised valve control.................................................................................... 4-7
4.5 Commissioning the Motorised Valve Controller............................................. 4-8
4.5.1 Adjusting the minimum on-time ‘mp.t’ ............................................................ 4-8
4.5.2 Inertia and backlash settings .......................................................................... 4-8
4.6 Gain scheduling................................................................................................ 4-9
5 Chapter 5 PROGRAMMER OPERATION..................................................... 5-1
6 Chapter 6 CONFIGURATION .......................................................................... 1
6.1 Selecting configuration level .............................................................................. 2
6.1.1 Password entry ................................................................................................. 2
6.2 Selecting a configuration parameter .................................................................. 3
6.2.1 Parameter names.............................................................................................. 3
6.3 Changing the passwords..................................................................................... 3
6.4 Leaving configuration level................................................................................. 3
6.5 navigation diagram (PART A).............................................................................. 4
6.6 confIGURATION PARAMETER TABLEs .............................................................. 6
7 Chapter 7 User Calibration.......................................................................... 7-1
7.1 WHAT IS the purpose of User calibration? ..................................................... 7-1
7.2 User Calibration Enable.................................................................................... 7-2
7.3 offset calibration ............................................................................................... 7-3
7.4 Two-point calibration........................................................................................ 7-5
7.5 Calibration points and Calibration offsets ...................................................... 7-8
8 Chapter 8 LOAD CURRENT MONITORING AND DIAGNOSTICS............. 8-1
8.1 Example Wiring Diagram (For mode 1 & 2 operation).................................... 8-2
8.2 Operation........................................................................................................... 8-3
8.2.1 To Read Load Current (mode 2 only) ............................................................. 8-3
8.2.2 To Display Load Current Continuously in the Lower Readout (mode 2 only) .. 8-3
8.2.3 Display Modes................................................................................................ 8-3
8.2.4 How Heater Alarms Are Displayed ................................................................. 8-4
8.3 To Set The Alarm Trip Levels ........................................................................... 8-5
8.4 Short Circuit SSR Alarm and Heater Fail Alarm.............................................. 8-5
8.5 relay outputs...................................................................................................... 8-5
8.6 TO CONFIGURE PDS LOAD CURRENT DIAGNOSTICS .................................. 8-6
8.7 To configure the Logic Module for PDS modes 1 or 2 ................................... 8-6
8.8 To Configure Low and High Current Trip Alarms ........................................... 8-8
8.9 To Attach Soft Alarms To A Relay Output ....................................................... 8-9
8.10 the scaling factor ............................................................................................ 8-10
8.10.1 To Adjust the Scaling Factor ................................................................... 8-10
Appendix A UNDERSTANDING THE ORDERING CODE ...................A-1
Appendix B SAFETY and EMC INFORMATION ..................................B-1
Appendix C TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION..........................................C-1
Appendix D RoHS STATEMENT ..........................................................D-1
“This product is covered by one or more of the following US Patents:
5,484,206; Additional patents pending.
PDSIO and INSTANT ACCURACY are trademarks of Eurotherm.”
Page 5
Installation and Operation Handbook Installation
2416 Controller 1-1
1 Chapter 1 INSTALLATION
The 2416 controller is a versatile, high stability temperature or process controller, with self
and adaptive tuning, in 1/16 DIN size (48 x 48mm). It has a modular hardware construction,
which accepts up to three plug-in output modules and one communications module, to satisfy
a wide range of control requirements. All 2416 controllers have a basic 8-segment
programmer built-in as standard.
The 2416 is available as either a:
• standard controller: Model 2416/CC
• setpoint programming controller: Models 2416/CP and 2416/P4
• motorised valve controller: Model 2416/VC
• setpoint programming motorised valve controller: Models 2416/VP and 2416/V4
This chapter consists of two parts:
• MECHANICAL INSTALLATION
• ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION.
Before proceeding, please read the chapter called, Safety and EMC Information.
Figure 1-1 2416 1/16 DIN controller
Panel retaining clips
Ratchets
Sleeve
Terminal covers
Label
Latching ears
Panel sealing gasket
Display screen
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Installation Installation and Operation Handboo
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1-2 2416 Controller
WARNING
You must ensure that the controller is correctly configured for your application.
Incorrect configuration could result in damage to the process being controlled, and/or
personal injury. It is your responsibility as the installer to ensure that the configuration
is correct. The controller may either have been configured when ordered, or may need
configuring now. See Chapter 6, Configuration.
1.1 MECHANICAL INSTALLATION
1.1.1 Controller labels
The labels on the sides of the controller identify the ordering code, the serial number, and the
wiring connections.
Appendix A, Understanding the Ordering Code explains the hardware and software
configuration of your particular controller.
1.1.2 Outline dimensions
AUTO
RUN
HOLD
2416
MAN
OP1
OP2
SP2
REM
Figure 1-2 Outline dimensions
The electronic assembly of the controller plugs into a rigid plastic sleeve, which in turn fits
into the standard DIN size panel cut-out shown in Figure 1-3.
48mm
150mm
1.89in 5.91in
48mm
1.89in
IP65, NEMA 4X sealing gasket
OP1
OP2
SP2
REM
2416
200.0
200.0
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Installation and Operation Handbook Installation
2416 Controller 1-3
1.1.3 Panel cut-out and recommended minimum spacing of controllers
Figure 1-3 Panel cut-outs and minimum spacing
1.1.4 To install the controller
1. Prepare the control panel cut-out to the size shown in Figure 1-3.
2. Insert the controller through the panel cut-out.
3. Spring the upper and lower panel retaining clips into place. Secure the controller in
position by holding it level and pushing both retaining clips forward.
4. Peel off the plastic film protecting the front of the indicator.
Note: If the panel retaining clips subsequently need removing, in order to extract the
controller from the control panel, they can be unhooked from the side with either your fingers
or a screwdriver.
1.1.5 Unplugging and plugging-in the controller
If required, the controller can be unplugged from its sleeve by easing the latching ears
outwards and pulling it forward out of the sleeve. When plugging the controller back into its
sleeve, ensure that the latching ears click into place in order to secure the IP65 sealing.
38mm (1.5in)10mm (0.4in)
Panel cut-out
45 x 45mm
1.77 x 1.77in
-0
+0.6
-0
+0.02
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1-4 2416 Controller
1.2 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
This section consists of five topics:
• Rear terminal layout
• Fixed connections
• Plug-in module connections
• Typical wiring diagram
• Motorised valve connections
All electrical connections are made to the screw terminals at the rear of the controller. These
screw terminals accept wire sizes from 0.5 to 2.5mm2 (14 to 22 awg) and should be tightened
to a torque of 0.4 Nm (3.5 lb in). If you wish to use crimp connectors, we recommend AMP
part number 16500. These accept wire sizes from 0.5 to 1.5 mm
2
(16 to 22 AWG).
1.2.1 Rear Terminal Layout
Terminals are arranged in three columns at the rear of the controller. Each column is
protected by a clear plastic hinged cover to prevent hands or metal making accidental contact
with live wires. Viewed from the rear and with the controller upright, the right-hand column
carries the connections for the power supply and sensor input. The other two columns carry
the connections to the plug-in modules. The connections depend upon the type of module
installed, if any. To discover which plug-in modules are installed in your controller, please
refer to the ordering code and wiring data on the labels on the sides of the controller.
The rear terminal layout is shown below.
Note: The plug-in sleeve supplied with high voltage controllers are keyed to prevent a low
voltage unit being inserted into them.
Figure 1-4 Rear terminal layout
*The ground connection is provided as a return for internal EMC filters. It is not required for
safety purposes, but must be connected in order to satisfy EMC requirements.
+
PV
−
RTD/
Pt100
N
L
2B
1B
1A
3B
2A
3A
Line
Neutral
Ground*
+
−
T/C
VI
HD
M
O
D
U
L
E
3
V+
HE
V−
HF
H
A
HB
HC
C
O
M
M
S
M
O
D
U
L
E
2
M
O
D
U
L
E
1
85 to 264Vac
20 − 29Vac/dc
Ground
*
24
24
Low voltage supply
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Installation and Operation Handbook Installation
2416 Controller 1-5
1.2.2 Fixed connections
The power supply and sensor inputs are always wired to the same fixed positions whatever
plug-in modules are installed.
1.2.2.1 Power supply connections
These are as shown in Figure 1-4.
1.2.2.2 Sensor input connections
The diagrams below show the connections for the various types of input.
The input will have been configured in accordance with the ordering code.
Fig 1-5 Sensor input connections
VI
V+
V-
VI
V+
V-
VI
V+
V-
VI
V+
V-
Thermocouple
Resistance
thermometer
mA input Volts or mV inputs
+
-
PV
2.49Ω
current
sense
resistor
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1-6 2416 Controller
1.2.3 Plug-in module connections
In Figure 1-4, Modules 1, 2 and 3, and Comms are plug-in modules.
1.2.3.1 Modules 1, 2 and 3
Module positions 1, 2 and 3 each have two terminals. They will accept four types of module:
Relay, Logic (non-isolated), Triac, and DC (non-isolated) output.
Collectively, these can be configured to operate in six different ways:
Heating control
Cooling control
Alarm output
Program event output
PDS mode 1*, which provides logic heating using a Eurotherm TE10S solid state relay
with feedback of a load failure alarm.
PDSIO mode 2*, which provides logic heating using a Eurotherm TE10S solid state relay,
with feedback of the load current reading and two alarms: solid state relay failure and
heater circuit failure.
* PDS stands for ‘Pulse Density Signalling Input/Output’. This is a proprietary technique
developed by Eurotherm for bi-directional transmission of analogue and digital data over a
simple 2-wire connection.
Snubbers
The relay and triac modules have an internal 15nF/100Ω ‘snubber’ connected across their
output, which is used to prolong contact life and to suppress interference when switching
inductive loads, such as mechanical contactors and solenoid valves.
WARNING
When the relay contact is open or the triac is off, the snubber circuit passes 0.6mA at
110Vac and 1.2mA at 240Vac. You must ensure that this current, passing through the
snubber, will not hold on low power electrical loads. It is your responsibility as the
installer to ensure that this does not happen. If the snubber circuit is not required, it can
be removed from the relay module (but not
the triac) by breaking the PCB track that
runs crosswise adjacent to the edge connectors of the module. Insert the blade of a
screwdriver into one of the two slots that bound it, and twist.
The table below shows the module connections and which functions each module can
perform. The heating output is normally connected to module 1, the cooling output to
module 2 and the alarm output to module 3, although the actual function of each module will
depend upon how your controller has been configured.
Note: Module 1 is connected to terminals 1A and 1B
Module 2 is connected to terminals 2A and 2B
Module 3 is connected to terminals 3A and 3B.
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Installation and Operation Handbook Installation
2416 Controller 1-7
Module type Terminal identity Possible functions
A B
Relay: 2-pin
(2A, 264 Vac max.)
Heating, Cooling, or Alarm output
Program event output
Valve raise or lower
Logic: non-isolated
(18Vdc at 20mA)
+ −
Heating, Cooling, or Alarm output
PDSIO mode 1,
PDSIO mode 2,
Program event
Triac
(1A, 30 to 264Vac)
Heating, Cooling,
Program event
Valve raise or lower
DC control: non-isolated
(10Vdc, 20mA max.)
+
−
Heating, Cooling.
Retransmission of PV, setpoint or
control output
Table 1-1 Module 1, 2 and 3 connections
To check which modules are installed in your particular controller, and which functions they
are configured to perform, refer to the ordering code and the wiring information on the
controller side labels.
1.2.4 Communications module
The Communications module position will accept any of the modules listed in Table 1-2
below.
The serial communications can be configured for either Modbus, or EI bisynch protocol.
Communications module
Terminal identity (COMMS)
Module type HA HB HC HD HE HF
2-wire EIA-485 serial
communications
− − −
Common A (+)
B (−)
EIA-232 serial
communications
− − −
Common Rx Tx
4-wire EIA-485 serial
communications
− A′
(Rx+)
B′
(Rx−)
Common
A
(Tx+)
B
(Tx−)
PDSIO Setpoint
retransmission
− − − −
Signal Common
PDSIO remote setpoint input -- -- -- --
Signal Common
Table 1-2 Communications connections
Line
Load
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1-8 2416 Controller
1.2.5 Wiring of 2-wire EIA-485 serial communications link
Com
Note:
All resistors are 220 ohm 1/4W carbon composition.
Local grounds are at equipotential. Where equipotential is not available wire into
separate zones using a galvanic isolator.
Use a repeater (KD845) for more than 32 units.
A
B
PC
Eurotherm Universal
Communications Interface
KD485
RXTX
Com
Com
TXRX
Up to 32 S2000 controllers or
Interface Units may
be included on the network
232
Com B
A
Com
A
B
Com
A
B
Com
A
B
Local Earth
Local
Ground
Zone 1
Local
Ground
Zone 2
Area 1
Com
A
B
E
F
D
Local
Earth
HE
HF
HD
Series 2000
Controller
HE
HF
HD
Series 2000
Controller
For reasons of safety
do not connect to
local earth here.
Local
Earth
Local
Earth
Local
Earth
Local
Earth
Local
Earth
HE
HF
HD
Series 2000
Controller
Galvanic
Isolation
Barrier
Local
Ground
Zone 1
Local
Ground
Zone 1
Local
Ground
Zone 1
Figure 1-6 EIA-485 wiring
2-wire EIA-485 is a connection which allows up to 32
controllers to be multi-dropped from a single communications
link over a distance of up to 1.2Km. To ensure reliable
operation of the communications link, (without data
corruption due to noise or line reflections) the connections
between the controller should be made using a twisted pair of
wires inside a screened cable with the connections
terminated with resistors in the manner shown in this
diagram. This diagram also shows the use of a Eurotherm
KD485 converter to connect the EIA-485 link into a standard
EIA-232 computer port.
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Installation and Operation Handbook Installation
2416 Controller 1-9
1.3 TYPICAL WIRING DIAGRAM
Fig 1-7 Typical wiring diagram, Model 2416 Controller
Safety requirements for permanently connected equipment state:
• A switch or circuit breaker shall be included in the building installation
• It shall be in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator
• It shall be marked as the disconnecting device for the equipment.
Note: a single switch or circuit breaker can drive more than one instrument.
For logic drive capability see following chart:-
Comms
Neutral
Heating
power fuse
(load
dependent)
Line
Thermocouple
Cooling Power
Fuse 1A(T)
Controller
Fuse 2A(T)
Solid State
Relay
e.g. TE10
+
-
Snubber
Heater
JA
JF
B
HA
HB
HC
HD
HE
HF
1A
1B
2A
2B
3A
3B
L
N
V1
V+
V-
Cooling
solenoid
valve
Circuit
breaker
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Installation Installation and Operation Handboo
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1-10 2416 Controller
1.3.1 Logic Drive Fan Out
The logic outputs from the 2400 series controllers are capable of driving more than one solid
state relay (SSR) in series or parallel. The following table shows the number of SSRs which
can be driven depending on type of SSR. S = Series; P = Parallel.
Drive
mA
SVDA RVDA TE10S 425S
Logic
DC
Logic
DC
Logic
DC
Logic
10V
Logic
24V
Logic
20mA
Logic 18V@2
0
4S6P 4S3P 3S2P 3S3P 1S2P 6S1P
Triple
logic
12V@9 3S3P 2S1P 2S1P 2S1P 1 4S1P
450 TC1027
CE
TE200S TC2000
CE
RS3D
A
Standard TTL Multi-
drive
Logic V Logic
DC
Logic
DC
Logic
DC
Logic 2S3P 1S2P 6S1P 3S3P 3S3P 3S1P 4S2P
Triple
logic
1 1 4S1P 2S1P 2S1P 0 0
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Installation and Operation Handbook Installation
2416 Controller 1-11
1.4 MOTORISED VALVE CONNECTIONS
Motorised valves are wired to relay, or triac, outputs installed in module positions 1 and 2.
The convention is to configure Output 1 as the RAISE output and Output 2 as the LOWER
output. The controller does not require a position feedback potentiometer.
Fig 1-8 Motorised valve connections
RTD/
Pt100
Line
Neutral
Ground
+
−
+
PV
−
Motor supply
LOWER
RAISE
Motorised
valve
T/C
Comms
JA
JF
BA
HA
HB
HC
HD
HE
HF
1A
1B
2A
2B
3A
3B
L
N
V1
V+
V-
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1-12 2416 Controller
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Installation and Operation Handbook Operation
2416 Controller 2-1
2 Chapter 2 OPERATION
This chapter has nine topics:
• FRONT PANEL LAYOUT
• BASIC OPERATION
• OPERATING MODES
• AUTOMATIC MODE
• MANUAL MODE
• PARAMETERS AND HOW TO ACCESS THEM
• NAVIGATION DIAGRAM
• PARAMETER TABLES
• ALARM MESSAGES
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Operation Installation and Operation Handbook
2-2 2416 Controller
2.1 FRONT PANEL LAYOUT
AUTO
RUN
HOLD
2416
MAN
OP1
OP2
SP2
REM
Figure 2-1 Front panel layout
Remote setpoint active
(flashes for comms)
Output 2 on
Output 1 on
Setpoint 2 active
A
uto/Man button
A
uto mode active
Upper readout
Lower readout
Manual mode active
Program running
Run/Hold button
(Press & hold to reset)
Program in Hold
Page
Button
Scroll
Button
Down
Button
Up
Button
2416
REM
OP1
SP2
OP2
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Installation and Operation Handbook Operation
2416 Controller 2-3
Button or
indicator
Name Explanation
OP1
Output 1 If a DC
output is
installed
When lit, it indicates that the output installed in
module position 1 is on. This is normally the heating
output on a temperature controller.
OP2
Output 2 OP1 &
OP2 will
not light
When lit, it indicates that the output installed in
module position 2 is on. This is normally the cooling
output on a temperature controller.
SP2 Setpoint 2 When lit, this indicates that setpoint 2, (or a setpoint
3-16) has been selected.
REM Remote setpoint When lit, this indicates that a remote setpoint input
has been selected.
‘REM’ will also flash when communications is active.
AUTO
MAN
Auto/Manual
button
When pressed, this toggles between automatic and
manual mode:
• If the controller is in automatic mode the AUTO
light will be lit.
• If the controller is in manual mode, the MAN light
will be lit.
The Auto/Manual button can be disabled in
configuration level.
RUN
HOLD
Run/Hold button
• Press once to start a program (RUN light on.)
• Press again to hold a program (HOLD light on)
• Press again to cancel hold and continue running
(HOLD light off and RUN light ON)
• Press and hold in for two seconds to reset a
program (RUN and HOLD lights off)
The RUN light will flash at the end of a program.
The HOLD light will flash during holdback or when a
PDS retransmission output is open circuit.
Page button Press to select a new list of parameters.
Scroll button Press to select a new parameter in a list.
Down button Press to decrease a value in the lower readout.
Up button Press to increase a value in lower readout.
Figure 2-2 Controller buttons and indicators
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Operation Installation and Operation Handbook
2-4 2416 Controller
2.2 BASIC OPERATION
Switch on the power to the controller. It runs through a self-test sequence for about three
seconds and then shows the temperature, or process value, in the upper readout and the
setpoint in the lower readout. This is called the Home display. It is the one that you will use
most often.
Figure 2-3 Home display
On this display you can adjust the setpoint by pressing the
or buttons. Two
seconds after releasing either button, the display blinks to show that the controller has
accepted the new value.
Note: You can get back to the Home display at any time by pressing
and together.
Alternatively you will always be returned to the Home display if no button is pressed for 45
seconds, or whenever the power is turned on. If, however, a flashing alarm message is present
the controller reverts to the Home display after 10 seconds.
2.2.1 Alarms
If the controller detects an alarm condition, it flashes an alarm message in the Home display.
For a list of all the alarm messages, their meaning and what to do about them, see Alarms at
the end of this chapter.
Measured temperature,
or process value
Setpoint
26.0
20.0
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Installation and Operation Handbook Operation
2416 Controller 2-5
2.3 OPERATING MODES
The controller has two basic modes of operation:
• Automatic mode in which the output power is automatically adjusted to maintain the
temperature or process value at the setpoint.
• Manual mode in which you can adjust the output power independently of the setpoint.
You toggle between the modes by pressing the AUTO/MAN button. The displays which
appear in each of these modes are explained in this chapter.
Two other modes are also available:
• Remote Setpoint mode in which the setpoint is generated from an external source.
In this mode the REM light will be on.
• Programmer mode which is explained in Chapter 5, Programmer Operation.
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Operation Installation and Operation Handbook
2-6 2416 Controller
2.3.1 Automatic mode
You will normally work with the controller in automatic mode. If the MAN light is on, press
the AUTO/MAN button to select automatic mode. The AUTO light will come on.
Power on
x 2
The Home display
Check that the AUTO light is on.
The upper readout shows the measured temperature, or
process value. The lower readout shows the setpoint.
To adjust the setpoint up or down, press
or .
(Note: If Setpoint Rate Limit has been enabled, then the
lower readout will show the active setpoint. If
or
is pressed, it will change to show and allow adjustment of,
the target setpoint.)
Press
once
Display units
A single press of the button will flash the display
units for 0.5 seconds, after which you will be returned to
the Home display.
Flashing of the display units may have been disabled in
configuration, in which case a single press will take you
straight to the display shown below.
Press
twice
% Output power demand
The % output power demand is displayed in the lower
readout. This is a read-only value. You cannot adjust it.
Press and together to return to the Home display.
If the controller is configured as Valve Position and
Manual is selected the Output Power is displayed as
VPOS. This is the inferred position of the valve
Press
Pressing
from the Output Power display may access further parameters. These may be in
this scroll list if the ‘Promote’ feature has been used (see Chapter 3, Edit Level). When you
reach the end of this scroll list, pressing
will return you to the Home display.
26.0
20.0
26.0
o
C
OP
100.0
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Installation and Operation Handbook Operation
2416 Controller 2-7
2.3.2 Manual mode
If the AUTO light is on, press the AUTO/MAN button to select manual mode. The MAN
light will come on.
Power on
x 2
The Home display
Check that the MAN light is on.
The upper readout shows the measured temperature or
process value. The lower readout shows the % output.
To adjust the output, press
or .
(Note: If Output Rate Limit has been enabled, then the
lower readout will show the working output. If
or
is pressed, it will change to show and allow adjustment of,
the target output.)
Press once
Display units
A single press of
will flash the display units for 0.5
seconds, after which you will be returned to the Home
display.
Flashing of the display units may have been disabled in
configuration in which case you a single press will take
you straight to the display shown below.
Press twice
Setpoint
To adjust the setpoint value, press
or .
Press
Pressing from the Output Power display may access further parameters. Other
parameters may be in this scroll list if the ‘Promote’ feature has been used (see Chapter 3,
Edit Level). When you reach the end of this scroll list, pressing
will return you to the
Home display.
26.0
20.0
26.0
o
C
sP
25.0
Page 24
Operation Installation and Operation Handbook
2-8 2416 Controller
2.4 PARAMETERS AND HOW TO ACCESS THEM
Parameters are settings within the controller that determine how it will operate.
For example, alarm setpoints are parameters that set the points at which alarms will occur.
For ease of access, the parameters are arranged in lists as shown in the navigation diagram on
the following page. The names of these lists are called the list headers. The lists are:
Home list
Run list
Programmer list
Alarm list
Autotune list
PID list
Motor list
Setpoint list
Input list
Output list
Communications list
Information list
Access list.
Each list has a ‘List Header’ display.
2.4.1 List header displays
Figure 2-4 Typical list header display
A list header can be recognised by the fact that it always shows ‘LiSt’ in the lower readout.
The upper readout is the name of the list. In the above example, AL indicates that it is the
Alarm list header. List header displays are read-only.
To step through the list headers press . Depending upon how your controller has been
configured, a single press may momentarily flash the display units. In this case, a double
press will be necessary to take you to the first list header. Continued pressing of
will step
through the list headers eventually returning you to the Home display.
To step through the parameters within a particular list, press
.
When you reach the end of the list, you will return to the list header.
From within a list you can return to the list header at any time can by pressing
. To step
to the next list header, press
once again.
List header
Always displays ‘LiSt’
A
List
Page 25
Installation and Operation Handbook Operation
2416 Controller 2-9
2.4.2 Parameter names
In the navigation diagram, (Fig2-6) each box depicts the display for a selected parameter.
The upper readout shows the name of the parameter and the lower readout its value.
The Operator parameter tables later in this chapter list all the parameter names and their
meaning.
The navigation diagram shows all the parameters that can, potentially, be present in the
controller. In practice, only those associated with a particular configuration will appear.
The shaded boxes in the diagram indicate parameters that are hidden in normal operation. To
see all the available parameters, you must select Full access level. For more information
about this, see Chapter 3, Access Levels.
2.4.3 Parameter displays
Figure 2-5 Typical parameter display
Parameter displays show the controller’s current settings. The layout of parameter displays is
always the same: the upper readout shows the parameter name and the lower readout its value.
Alterable parameters can be changed using
or . In the above example, the parameter
mnemonic is 1FSL (indicating Alarm 1, full scale low), and the parameter value is 10.0.
2.4.4 To change the value of a parameter
First, select the required parameter. The parameter name is shown in the upper readout and
the parameter value in the lower readout.
To change the parameter value, press either
or . During adjustment, single presses
change the value by one digit.
Keeping the button pressed speeds up the rate of change.
Two seconds after releasing either button, the display blinks to show that the controller has
accepted the new value.
Parameter name
Parameter value
1F
10.0
Page 26
Operation Installation and Operation Handbook
2-10 2416 Controller
2.5 NAVIGATION DIAGRAM (PART A)
Figure 2-6a Navigation diagram (Part A)
Home
List
Programmer
List
1
Alarm
List
Autotune
List
Motor
List
3
PID
List
Run
List
1
Atun
LiSt
ProG
LiSt
Hb
OFF
PrG.n
1
Hb V
20
dwL.U
Hour
rmP.U
Hour
CYC.n
1
tYPE
rmP.r
SEG.n
1
tGt
200
SEG.n
2
rAtE
5.0
tYPE
dwEl
Pid
LiSt
PrG.t
35.0
out.n
OFF
20.0
20.0
OP
100.0
m-A
Auto
AmPS
5
rAtE
5.0
run
LiSt
dur
1.0
StAt
run
PrG
1
PSP
20
CYC
1
SEG
1
SEG.t
1.0
StyP
rmP.r
tGt
200
tYPE
End
SEG.n
3
AL
LiSt
2---
2
0
1---
2
100
3---
2
5
HY 2
1
HY 1
1
HY 3
1
Lb t
OFF
HY 4
1
diAG
no
4---
2
5
drA
OFF
tunE
OFF
drA.t
0.8
Adc
mAn
FF.tr
0
FF.dv
100.0
rEL.2
1.00
FF.Pb
0.0
Lcb2
Auto
Hcb2
Auto
mtr
LiSt
tm
30.0
In.t
OFF
bAc.t
OFF
mp.t
Auto
20.0
oC
FASt
no
tYPE
dwEl
rES.2
0.0
Pb
5
SEt
Pid.1
ti
300
rES
0.0
td
60.0
Hcb
Auto
rEL.C
1.00
Lcb
Auto
Pb2
10
td.2
50.0
ti.2
300
G.SP
500
SYnc
no
SEG.d
YES
C.id
1
Page 27
Installation and Operation Handbook Operation
2416 Controller 2-11
NAVIGATION DIAGRAM (PART B)
Figure 2-6b Navigation diagram (Part B)
SP
LiSt
iP
LiSt
oP
LiSt
cmS
LiSt
inFo
LiSt
Notes:
1. These lists are present only in controllers with the programming
feature.
2. The last three characters depend upon the type of alarm
configured.
3. This list is only present in motorised valve controllers.
4. Absolute setpoint limits are set in configuration, see Chapter 6.
The shaded boxes are normally hidden in Operator level. To
see all the available parameters you must select Full level.
See Chapter 3, Access Levels.
ACCS
LiSt
Goto
OPEr
codE
PASS
Setpoint
List
Input
List
Output
List
Comms
List
Information
List
Access
List
L-r
Loc
SSEL
SP 1
SP 1
20.0
rm.SP
0.0
SP 2
0.0
rmt.t
0.0
rat
Off
Hb.ty
Lo
Hb
10
OP.Hi
100.0
OP.Lo
0.0
OPrr
OFF
CYC.H
20.0
ont.H
Auto
Addr
1
LoG.H
100.0
LoG.L
0.0
LoG.A
50.0
LoG.t
1000
rES.L
no
LoG.v
0.0
mCt
0
hYS.H
1.0
FiLt
Off
SP L
4
0.0
SP H
4
100.0
SP2.H
4
100.0
SP2.L
4
0.0
SPrr
OFF
di SP
Std
P OP
19
I OP
10
d OP
1
FF.OP
0
w.OP
0.0
hYS.C
1.0
HC.db
0.0
CYC.C
ont.C
Auto
FOP
0.0
CAL
FACt
Sb.OP
100.0
The parameters
that follow
depend upon
the controller
configuration.
Refer to the
parameter table.
(over Page)
They cover: use
r
calibration.
Loc.t
0
VO
0
End.P
0.0.
Page 28
Operation Installation and Operation Handbook
2-12 2416 Controller
2.6 PARAMETER TABLES
Name Description
Home list Extra parameters may be present if promote feature has been used.
Home Measured value and Setpoint
OP
% Output level
SP
Target setpoint (if in Manual mode )
m-A
Auto-man select
AmPS
Heater current (With PDSIO mode 2)
C.id
Customer defined identification number
run
Program run list − Present only in setpoint programming controllers
PrG Active program number (Only on 4 program versions)
StAt Program status (OFF, run, hoLd, HbAc, End)
PSP
Programmer setpoint
CYC
Number of cycles remaining in the program
SEG
Active segment number
StyP
Active segment type
SEG.t
Segment time remaining in the segment units
tGt
Target setpoint
rAtE
Ramp rate (if a rate segment)
PrG.t
Program time remaining in hours
FASt Fast run through program (no / YES)
out.n Event output states (OFF / on) (not 8-segment programmer)
SYnc Not operational in 2416. Set to no.
SEG.d * Flash active segment type in the lower readout of the home display (no / YES)
ProG
Program edit list − Present only in setpoint programming controllers
PrG.n Select program number (Only on 4 program versions)
Hb Holdback type (OFF, Lo, Hi, or bAnd)
Hb V
Holdback value (in display units)
rmP.U Ramp units (SEc, min, or Hour) [for both rmP.r and rmP.t type segments]
dwL.U Dwell units (SEc, min, or Hour)
CYC.n Number of program cycles (1 to 999, or ‘cont’)
SEG.n
Segment number
tYPE
Segment type:
(End) (rmP.r=ramp rate) (rmP.t=ramp time) (dwel) (StEP) (cALL)
* This parameter can only be changed when the program is in reset
Continued on next page:
Page 29
Installation and Operation Handbook Operation
2416 Controller 2-13
Continued from previous page:
The following parameters depend on the tYPE selected, as
shown below.
End rmP.r rmP.t dwEl StEP cALL
Hb
Holdback type: OFFLo Hior bAnd
tGt
Target setpoint for a ‘rmP’ or ‘StEP’ segment
rAtE
Ramp rate for a ‘rmP.r’ segment
dur
‘dwEl’ time / time to target for a ‘rmP.t’ segment
PrG.n
cALLed ProGram number
cYc.n
No. of cycles of cALLed program
outn
Event output: OFF/on (not 8-segment programmer)
SYnc
Not operational in 2416. Set to no.
End.t
End of prog − dwEl, RSEt, S OP
Name Description
Alarm list
1 - - -
Alarm 1 setpoint value
2 - - -
Alarm 2 setpoint value
3 - - -
Alarm 3 setpoint value
4 - - -
Alarm 4 setpoint value
In place of dashes, the last three characters
indicate the alarm type as follows:
Note: It is possible to indicate only up to
four alarm conditions (known as soft
alarms). They can be “wired” to operate
relays within the limitations of the number of
output modules available. For more
information see Configuration - Chapter 6.
Name Description
-FSL
PV Full scale low alarm
-FSH
PV Full scale high alarm
-dEv
PV Deviation band alarm
-dHi
PV Deviation high alarm
-dLo
PV Deviation low alarm
-LCr
Load Current low alarm
-HCr
Load Current high alarm
-FL2
Not available in 2416
-FH2
Not available in 2416
-LOP
Working Output low alarm
-HOP
Working Output high alarm
-LSP
Working Setpoint low alarm
-HSP
Working Setpoint high alarm
4rAt
Rate of change alarm (AL 4
only)
HY 1
Alarm 1 Hysteresis (display
units)
HY 2
Alarm 2 Hysteresis (display
units)
HY 3
Alarm 3 Hysteresis (display
units)
HY 4
Alarm 4 Hysteresis (display
units)
Lb t
Loop Break Time in minutes
diAG Enable Diagnostic alarms ‘no’ /
‘YES’
Page 30
Operation Installation and Operation Handbook
2-14 2416 Controller
Name Description
Atun
Autotune list
tunE
One-shot autotune enable
drA
Adaptive tune enable
drA.t
Adaptive tune trigger level in
display units. Range = 1 to 9999
Adc
Automatic Droop Compensation
(PD control only)
Pid
PID list
G.SP
If Gain Scheduling has been
enabled (see Chapter 4), this
parameter sets the PV below
which ‘Pid.1’ is active and above
which ‘Pid.2’ is active.
SEt ‘Pid.1’ or ‘Pid.2’ selected
Pb Proportional Band (SEt 1)
(in display units)
ti Integral Time in secs (SEt 1)
td Derivative Time in secs (SEt 1)
rES Manual Reset (%) (SEt 1)
Hcb Cutback High (SEt 1)
Lcb Cutback Low (SEt 1)
rEL.C Relative Cool Gain (SEt 1)
Pb2 Proportional Band (SEt 2)
ti2 Integral Time in secs (SEt 2)
td2 Derivative Time in secs (SEt 2)
rES.2 Manual Reset (%) (SEt 2)
Hcb2 Cutback High (SEt 2)
Lcb2 Cutback Low (SEt 2)
rEL.2 Relative Cool Gain (SEt 2)
The following three parameters are used for
cascade control. If this facility is not being
used, then they can be ignored.
FF.Pb
SP, or PV, feedforward propband
FF.tr
Feedforward trim %
FF.dv PID feedforward limits ± %
Name Description
mtr
Motor list - see Table 4-3
tm
Valve travel time in seconds
In.t
Valve inertia time in secs
bAc.t
Valve backlash time in secs
mp.t
Minimum ON time of output pulse
U.br
Not available in 2416
SP
Setpoint list
SSEL Select SP 1 to SP16, depending
on configuration
L-r Local (Loc) or remote (rmt)
setpoint select
SP 1
Setpoint one value
SP 2
Setpoint two value
rm.SP
Remote setpoint value
rmt.t
Remote setpoint trim
rat
Ratio setpoint
Loc.t
Local setpoint trim
SP L
Setpoint 1 low limit
SP H
Setpoint 1 high limit
SP2.L
Setpoint 2 low limit
SP2.H
Setpoint 2 high limit
Loc.L
Local trim low Theses
parameters only
appear if
PDSIO is fitted
Loc.H
Local trim high
and Loc.t
(remote setpoint
+ local trim) in
SP Config list is
selected
SPrr
Setpoint Rate Limit
Hb.ty
Holdback Type for setpoint rate
limit (OFF, Lo, Hi, or bAnd)
Hb
Holdback Value for setpoint rate
limit in display units. (Hb.ty ≠
Off)
Page 31
Installation and Operation Handbook Operation
2416 Controller 2-15
Name Description
iP
Input list
FiLt
IP filter time constant (0.0 - 999.9
seconds).
Emis
Emissivity - when the input is
configured for a pyrometer
The next 3 parameters appear only if User
Calibration has been enabled. (Refer to
Chapter 7.) By default they are hidden
when in Operator level. To prevent
unauthorised adjustment, we recommend
that they are only made available in FuLL
access level.
CAL ‘FACt’ - reinstates the factory
calibration and disables User
calibration. Next 2 parameters
will not appear.
‘USEr’ - reinstates any previously
set User calibration. All
parameters below now appear.
CAL.s Selected calibration point −
‘nonE’, ’iP1.L’, ‘ip1.H’
AdJ * User calibration adjust, if CAL.s =
’iP1.L’, ‘ip1.H’
OFS.1
IP calibration offset
mV.1
IP measured value (at terminals)
CJC.1
IP Cold Junction Compensation
Li.1
IP Linearised Value
PV.SL
PV Select. Not operational in
2416
* Do not make adjustments using the AdJ
parameter unless you wish to change the
controller calibration.
oP
Output list
Does not appear if Motorised Valve control
configured.
OP.Lo
Low power limit (%)
OP.Hi
High power limit (%)
OPrr
Output Rate Limit (% per sec)
FOP
Forced output level (%)
CYC.H
Heat cycle time (0.2S to 999.9S)
hYS.H
Heat hysteresis (display units)
ont.H
Heat output min. on-time (secs)
Auto (0.05S), or 0.1 - 999.9S
Name Description
op
Output list continued
CYC.C
Cool cycle time (0.2S to 999.9S)
hYS.C
Cool hysteresis (display units)
ont.C
Cool output min. on-time (secs)
Auto (0.05S), or 0.1 - 999.9S
HC.db
Heat/cool deadband (display
units)
End.P
Power level in programmer in end
segment. This is a single
parameter for all programs
Sb.OP
Sensor Break Output Power (%)
cmS
Comms list
Addr
Communications Address
inFo
Information list
diSP
Configure lower readout of Home
display to: nonE, Std, Lcur,
OP, Stat, PrG.t
LoG.L
PV minimum
LoG.H
PV maximum
LoG.A
PV mean value
Log.t
Time PV above Threshold level
Log.v
PV Threshold for Timer Log
rES.L
Logging Reset - ‘YES/no’
The following set of parameters is for
diagnostic purposes.
mCt
Processor utilisation factor
w.OP
Working output
FF.OP
Feedforward component of output
VO
PID output to motorised valve
P OP
Proportional component of output
I OP
Integral component of output
d OP
Derivative component of output
ACCS
Access List
codE
Access password
Goto Goto level - OPEr, FuLL, Edit or
conF
ConF
Configuration password
Page 32
Operation Installation and Operation Handbook
2-16 2416 Controller
2.7 ALARMS
2.7.1 Alarm annunciation
Alarms are flashed as messages in the Home display. A new alarm is displayed as a double
flash followed by a pause, old (acknowledged) alarms as a single flash followed by a pause.
If there is more than one alarm condition, the display cycles through all the relevant alarm
messages. Table 2-1 and Table 2-2 list all of the possible alarm messages and their meanings.
2.7.2 Alarm acknowledgement and resetting
Pressing both
and at the same time will acknowledge any new alarms and reset any
latched alarms.
2.7.3 Alarm modes
Alarms will have been set up to operate in one of several modes, either:
• Non-latching, which means that the alarm will reset automatically when the Process
Value is no longer in the alarm condition.
• Latching, which means that the alarm message will continue to flash even if the alarm
condition no longer exists and will only clear when reset.
• Blocking, which means that the alarm will only become active after it has first entered a
safe state on power-up.
2.7.4 Alarm types
There are two types of alarm: Process alarms and Diagnostic alarms.
2.7.5 Process alarms
These warn that there is a problem with the process which the controller is trying to control.
* In place of the dash, the first character will indicate the alarm number.
Table 2-1 Process alarms
Alarm
Display
What it means
_FSL*
PV Full Scale Low alarm
_FSH*
PV Full Scale High alarm
_dEv*
PV Deviation Band alarm
_dHi*
PV Deviation High alarm
_dLo*
PV Deviation Low alarm
_LCr*
Load Current Low alarm
_HCr*
Load Current High alarm
Alarm
Display
What it means
_FL2*
Not available in 2416
_FH2*
Not available in 2416
_LOP*
Working Output Low alarm
_HOP*
Working Output High alarm
_LSP*
Working Setpoint Low alarm
_HSP*
Working Setpoint High alarm
4rAt
PV Rate of change alarm
Always assigned to Alarm 4
Page 33
Installation and Operation Handbook Operation
2416 Controller 2-17
2.8 DIAGNOSTIC ALARMS
These indicate that a fault exists in either the controller or the connected devices.
Display
shows
What it means What to do about it
EE.Er
Electrically Erasable
Memory Error:
The value of an operator,
or configuration,
parameter has been
corrupted.
This fault will automatically take you into
Configuration level. Check all of the
configuration parameters before returning to
Operator level. Once in Operator level, check all
of the operator parameters before resuming
normal operation. If the fault persists, or occurs
frequently, contact Eurotherm.
S.br
Sensor Break:
Input sensor is unreliable
or the input signal is out of
range.
Check that the sensor is correctly connected.
L.br
Loop Break
The feedback loop is open
circuit.
Check that the heating and cooling circuits are
working properly.
Ld.F
Load failure
Indication that there is a
fault in the heating circuit
or the solid state relay.
This is an alarm generated by feedback from a
Eurotherm TE10S solid state relay (SSR)
operating in PDSIO mode 1 - see Chapter 1,
Electrical Installation. It indicates either an open
or short circuit SSR, blown fuse, missing supply
or open circuit heater.
SSr.F
Solid state relay failure
Indication that there is a
fault in the solid state
relay.
This is an alarm generated by feedback from a
Eurotherm TE10S solid state relay (SSR)
operating in PDSIO mode 2 - see Chapter 1,
Electrical Installation. It indicates either an open
or short circuit condition in the SSR.
Htr.F
Heater failure
Indication that there is a
fault in heating circuit.
This is an alarm generated by feedback from a
Eurotherm TE10S solid state relay (SSR)
operating in PDSIO mode 2 - see Chapter 1,
Electrical Installation. It indicates either a blown
fuse, missing supply, or open circuit heater.
Ct.OP
C
urrent Transformer Open
C
ircuit
Indicates that the PDS input is open circuit.
Mode 5 only
Ct.Sh
C
urrent Transformer Short
C
ircuit
Indicates that the PDS input is short circuit
Mode 5 only
Hw.Er
Hardware error
Indication that a module is
of the wrong type,
missing, or faulty.
Check that the correct modules are fitted.
Page 34
Operation Installation and Operation Handbook
2-18 2416 Controller
no.io
No I/O
None of the expected I/O
modules is fitted.
This error message normally occurs when preconfiguring a controller without installing any of
the required I/O modules.
rmt.F
Remote input failure.
Either the PDSIO input, or
the remote DC input, is
open or short circuit
Check for open, or short circuit wiring on the
PDSIO, or remote DC, input.
LLLL
Out of range low reading
Check the value of the input.
HHHH
Out of range high reading
Check the value of the input.
Err1
Error 1: ROM self-test fail
Return the controller for repair.
Err2
Error 2: RAM self-test fail
Return the controller for repair.
Err3
Error 3: Watchdog fail
Return the controller for repair.
Err4
Error 4: Keyboard failure
Stuck button, or a button
was pressed during power
up.
Switch the power off and then on, without
touching any of the controller buttons.
Err5
Error 5: Faulty internal
communications.
Check printed circuit board interconnections. If
the fault cannot be cleared, return the controller
for repair.
Err6
Digital filter chip faulty or
loose board inside
controller
Return the controller for repair.
Err7
PV id failure/PSU failure Return the controller for repair.
Err8
Module 1 id error Faulty or loose module or may be isolation
problem
Err9
Module 2 id error Faulty or loose module or may be isolation
problem
ErrA
Module 3 id error Faulty or loose module or may be isolation
problem
DCF
DC output fail Return the controller for repair
Tu.Er
Tune error – shown If any
one stage of the autotuning process exceeds
two hours
Check response time of process: check that the
sensor has not failed: check that the loop is not
broken. Acknowledge by pressing ‘page’ key
and ‘scroll’ key together
P.br
Potentiometer break Check that the feedback potentiometer is
correctly connected or the pot is not open circuit
Table 2-2b Diagnostic alarms
Page 35
Installation and Operation Handbook Access Levels
2416 Controller 3-1
3 Chapter 3 ACCESS LEVELS
This chapter describes the different levels of access to the operating parameters within the
controller.
There are three topics:
• THE DIFFERENT ACCESS LEVELS
• SELECTING AN ACCESS LEVEL
• EDIT LEVEL
THE DIFFERENT ACCESS LEVELS
There are four access levels:
• Operator level, which you will normally use to operate the controller.
• Full level, which is used to commission the controller.
• Edit level, which is used to set up the parameters that you want an operator to be able to
see and adjust when in Operator level.
• Configuration level, which is used to set up the fundamental characteristics of the
controller.
Access
level
Display
shows
What you can do Password
Protection
Operator
OPEr
In this level, operators can view and adjust the
value of parameters defined in Edit level (see
below).
No
Full
FuLL
In this level, all the parameters relevant to a
particular configuration are visible. All alterable
parameters may be adjusted.
Yes
Edit
Edit
In this level, you can determine which
parameters an operator is able to view and
adjust in Operator level. You can hide, or
reveal, complete lists, individual parameters
within each list and you can make parameters
read-only or alterable. (See Edit level at the
end of this chapter).
Yes
Configuration
conF
This special level allows access to set up the
fundamental characteristics of the controller.
Yes
Figure 3-1 Access levels
Page 36
A
ccess Levels Installation and Operation Handbook
3-2 2416 Controller
SELECTING AN ACCESS LEVEL
Access to Full, Edit or Configuration levels is protected by a password to prevent
unauthorised access.
If you need to change the password, see Chapter 6, Configuration.
Access list header
Press
until you reach the access list header ‘ACCS’.
Press
Password entry
The password is entered from the ‘codE’ display.
Enter the password using or . Once the correct password
has been entered, there is a two second delay after which the lower
readout will change to show ‘PASS’ indicating that access is now
unlocked.
The pass number is set to ‘1’ when the controller is shipped from
the factory.
Note; A special case exists if the password has been set to ‘0’. In
this case access will be permanently unlocked and the lower
readout will always show ‘PASS’.
Press
to proceed to the ‘Goto’ page.
(If an incorrect password has been entered and the controller is
still ‘locked’ then pressing
returns you to the ‘ACCS’ list
header.)
Access to Read-only Configuration
From this display, pressing
and together will take you
into Read-Only Configuration without entering a password. This
will allow you to view all of the configuration parameters, but not
adjust them. If no button is pressed for ten seconds, you will be
returned to the Home display. Alternatively, pressing
and
together takes you immediately back to the Home display.
Page 37
Installation and Operation Handbook Access Levels
2416 Controller 3-3
Level selection
The ‘Goto’ display allows you to select the required
access level.
Use
and to select from the following display
codes: OPEr: Operator level
FuLL: Full level
Edit: Edit level
conF: Configuration level
Press
If you selected either ‘OPEr’, ‘FuLL’ or ‘Edit’ level
you will be returned to the ‘ACCS’ list header in the level
that you chose. If you selected ‘conF’, you will get a
display showing ‘ConF’ in the upper readout (see below).
Configuration password
When the ‘ConF’ display appears, you must enter the
Configuration password in order to gain access to this
level. Do this by repeating the password entry procedure
described in the previous section.
The configuration password is set to ‘2’ when the
controller is shipped from the factory. If you need to
change the configuration password, see Chapter 6,
Configuration.
Press
Configuration level
The first display of configuration is shown. See Chapter
6, Configuration, for details of the configuration
parameters.
For instructions on leaving configuration level, see
Chapter 6, Configuration.
Returning to Operator Level
To return to operator level from either ‘FuLL’ or ‘Edit’ level, repeat entry of the password
and select ‘OPEr’ on the ‘Goto’ display.
In ‘Edit’ level, the controller will automatically return to operator level if no button is
pressed for 45 seconds.
A
lternative path if
‘conF’ selected
Page 38
A
ccess Levels Installation and Operation Handbook
3-4 2416 Controller
3.1 EDIT LEVEL
Edit level is used to set which parameters you can view and adjust in Operator level. It also
gives access to the ‘Promote’ feature, which allows you to select and add (‘Promote’) up to
twelve parameters into the Home display list, thereby giving simple access to commonly used
parameters.
Setting operator access to a parameter
First you must select Edit level, as shown on the previous page.
Once in Edit level, you select a list, or a parameter within a list, in the same way as you
would in Operator, or Full, level − that is to say, you move from list header to list header by
pressing
, and from parameter to parameter within each list using .
However, in Edit level what is displayed is not the value of a selected parameter, but a code
representing that parameter’s availability in Operator level.
When you have selected the required parameter, use and buttons to set its availability
in Operator level.
There are four codes:
ALtr Makes a parameter alterable in Operator level.
PrO Promotes a parameter into the Home display list.
rEAd Makes a parameter, or list header, read-only (it can be viewed but not altered).
HIdE Hides a parameter, or list header.
For example:
Hiding or revealing a complete list
To hide a complete list of parameters, all you have to do is hide the list header. If a list
header is selected, only two selections are available: rEAd and HIdE.
(It is not possible to hide the ‘ACCS’ list, which always displays the code: ‘LiSt’.)
Promoting a parameter
Scroll through the lists to the required parameter and choose the ‘PrO’ code. The parameter
is then automatically added (promoted) into the Home display list. (The parameter will also
be accessible, as normal, from the standard lists.) A maximum of twelve parameters can be
promoted. Promoted parameters are automatically ‘alterable’.
Please note, in the ‘PrOG List’, the parameters from segment number (SEG.n) onwards
cannot be promoted.
The parameter selected is Alarm 2, Full Scale Low
It will be alterable in Operator level
Page 39
Installation and Operation Handbook Tuning
2416 Controller 4-1
4 Chapter 4 TUNING
Before tuning please read Chapter 2, Operation, to learn how to select and change a
parameter.
This chapter has five main topics:
• WHAT IS TUNING?
• AUTOMATIC TUNING
• MANUAL TUNING
• COMMISSIONING OF MOTORISED VALVE CONTROLLERS
• GAIN SCHEDULING
4.1 WHAT IS TUNING?
In tuning, you match the characteristics of the controller to that of the process being
controlled in order to obtain good control. Good control means:
• Stable ‘straight-line’ control of the temperature at setpoint without fluctuation
• No overshoot, or undershoot, of the temperature setpoint
• Quick response to deviations from the setpoint caused by external disturbances, thereby
restoring the temperature rapidly to the setpoint value.
Tuning involves calculating and setting the value of the parameters listed in Table 4-1. These
parameters appear in the ‘Pid’ list.
Parameter
Code
Meaning or Function
Proportional
band
Pb
The bandwidth, in display units, over which the output power is
proportioned between minimum and maximum.
Integral time
ti
Determines the time taken by the controller to remove steadystate error signals.
Derivative
time
td
Determines how strongly the controller will react to the rate-ofchange of the measured value.
High Cutback
Hcb
The number of display units, above setpoint, at which the
controller will increase the output power, in order to prevent
undershoot on cool down.
Low cutback
Lcb
The number of display units, below setpoint, at which the
controller will cutback the output power, in order to prevent
overshoot on heat up.
Relative cool
gain
rEL
Only present if cooling has been configured and a module is
fitted. Sets the cooling proportional band, which equals the Pb
value divided by the rEL value.
Table 4-1 Tuning parameters
Page 40
Tuning Installation and Operation Handbook
4-2 2416 Controller
4.2 AUTOMATIC TUNING
Two automatic tuning procedures are provided in the 2416:
• A one-shot tuner which automatically sets up the initial values of the parameters listed in
Table 4-1 on the previous page.
• Adaptive tuning which continuously monitors the error from setpoint and modifies the
PID values if necessary.
The ‘one-shot’ tuner works by switching the output on and off to induce an oscillation in the
measured value. From the amplitude and period of the oscillation, it calculates the tuning
parameter values.
If the process cannot tolerate full heating or cooling being applied during tuning, then the
level of heating or cooling can be restricted by setting the heating and cooling power limits in
the ‘oP’ list. However, the measured value must oscillate to some degree for the tuner to be
able to calculate values.
A One-shot Tune can be performed at any time, but normally it is performed only once during
the initial commissioning of the process. However, if the process under control subsequently
becomes unstable (because its characteristics have changed), you can re-tune again for the
new conditions.
It is best to start tuning with the process at ambient temperature. This allows the tuner to
calculate more accurately the low cutback and high cutback values which restrict the amount
of overshoot, or undershoot.
How to tune
1. Set the setpoint to the value at which you will normally operate the process.
2. In the ‘Atun’ list, select ‘tunE’ and set it to ‘on’.
3. Press the Page and Scroll buttons together to return to the Home display. The display will
flash ‘tunE’ to indicate that tuning is in progress.
4. The controller induces an oscillation in the temperature by first turning the heating on,
and then off. The first cycle is not complete until the measured value has reached the
required setpoint.
5. After two cycles of oscillation the tuning is completed and the tuner switches itself off.
6. The controller then calculates the tuning parameters listed in Table 4-1 and resumes
normal control action.
If you want ‘Proportional only’, ‘PD’, or ‘PI’ control, you should set the ‘ti’ or ‘td’
parameters to OFF before commencing the tuning cycle. The tuner will leave them off and
will not calculate a value for them.
Page 41
Installation and Operation Handbook Tuning
2416 Controller 4-3
4.2.1 Typical automatic tuning cycle
Calculation of the cutback values
Low cutback and High cutback are values that restrict the amount of overshoot or undershoot
that occurs during large step changes in temperature (for example, under start-up conditions).
If either low cutback, or high cutback, is set to ‘Auto’ the values are fixed at three times the
proportional band, and are not changed during automatic tuning.
Adaptive tune
Adaptive tuning is a background algorithm, which continuously monitors the error from
setpoint and analyses the control response during process disturbances. If the algorithm
recognises an oscillatory, or under-damped, response it recalculates the Pb, ti and td
values.
Adaptive tune is triggered whenever the error from setpoint exceeds a trigger level. This
trigger level is set in the parameter ‘drA.t’, which is found in the Autotune list. The value is
in display units. It is automatically set by the controller, but can also be manually
re-adjusted.
Adaptive tune should be used with:
1. Processes whose characteristics change as a result of changes in the load, or setpoint.
2. Processes that cannot tolerate the oscillation induced by a One-shot tune.
Adaptive tune should not be used:
1. Where the process is subjected to regular external disturbances that could mislead the
adaptive tuner.
2. On highly interactive multiloop applications. However, moderately interactive loops,
such as multi-zone extruders, should not give a problem.
Time
Setpoint
Temperature
Page 42
Tuning Installation and Operation Handbook
4-4 2416 Controller
4.3 MANUAL TUNING
If for any reason automatic tuning gives unsatisfactory results, you can tune the controller
manually. There are a number of standard methods for manual tuning. The one described
here is the Ziegler-Nichols method.
With the process at its normal running temperature:
1. Set the Integral Time ‘ti’ and the Derivative Time ‘td’ to OFF.
2. Set High Cutback and Low Cutback, ‘Hcb’ and ‘Lcb’, to ‘Auto’.
3. Ignore the fact that the temperature may not settle precisely at the setpoint.
4. If the temperature is stable, reduce the proportional band ‘Pb’ so that the temperature just
starts to oscillate. If the temperature is already oscillating, increase the proportional band
until it just stops oscillating. Allow enough time between each adjustment for the loop to
stabilise. Make a note of the proportional band value ‘B’ and the period of oscillation
‘T’.
5. Set the Pb, tiand td parameter values according to the calculations given in Table 4-2.
Type of control
Proportional
band ‘Pb’
Integral time ‘ti’
Derivative time
‘td’
Proportional only
2xB
OFF
OFF
P + I control
2.2xB
0.8xT
OFF
P + I + D control
1.7xB
0.5xT
0.12xT
Table 4-2 Tuning values
Page 43
Installation and Operation Handbook Tuning
2416 Controller 4-5
4.3.1 Setting the cutback values
The above procedure sets up the parameters for optimum steady state control. If unacceptable
levels of overshoot or undershoot occur during start-up, or for large step changes in
temperature, then manually set the cutback parameters ‘Lcb’ and ‘Hcb’.
Proceed as follows:
1. Set the low and high cutback values to three proportional bandwidths (that is to say, Lcb
= Hcb = 3 x Pb).
2. Note the level of overshoot, or undershoot, that occurs for large temperature changes (see
the diagrams below).
In example (a) increase ‘Lcb’ by the overshoot value. In example (b) reduce ‘Lcb’ by the
undershoot value.
Example (a)
Example (b)
Where the temperature approaches setpoint from above, you can set ‘Hcb’ in a similar
manner.
Temperature
Time
Setpoint
Temperature
Undershoot
Setpoint
Overshoot
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Tuning Installation and Operation Handbook
4-6 2416 Controller
4.3.2 Integral action and manual reset
In a full three-term controller (that is, a PID controller), the integral term ‘ti’ automatically
removes steady state errors from the setpoint. If the controller is set up to work in two-term
mode (that is, PD mode), the integral term will be set to ‘OFF’. Under these conditions the
measured value may not settle precisely at setpoint. When the integral term is set to ‘OFF’
the parameter manual reset (code ‘rES’) appears in the ‘Pid LiSt’ in ‘FuLL’ level. This
parameter represents the value of the power output that will be delivered when the error is
zero. You must set this value manually in order to remove the steady state error.
4.3.3 Automatic droop compensation (Adc)
The steady state error from the setpoint, which occurs when the integral term is set to ‘OFF’
is sometimes referred to as ‘droop’. ‘Adc’ automatically calculates the manual reset value in
order to remove this droop. To use this facility, you must first allow the temperature to
stabilise. Then, in the autotune parameter list, you must set ‘Adc’ to cALc. The controller
will then calculate a new value for manual reset, and switch ‘Adc’ to ‘mAn’.
‘Adc’ can be repeated as often as you require, but between each adjustment you must allow
time for the temperature to stabilise.
4.3.4 Tune Error
If any one stage of the automatic tuning process is not completed within two hours a
diagnostic alarm will occur. The display shows tU.Er - Tune Error.
This alarm could occur if:
1. The process to be tuned has a very slow response time
2. The sensor has failed or is incorrectly aligned
3. The loop is broken or not responding correctly
Page 45
Installation and Operation Handbook Tuning
2416 Controller 4-7
4.4 MOTORISED VALVE CONTROL
The 2416 can be configured for motorised valve control as an alternative to the standard PID
control algorithm. This algorithm is designed specifically for positioning motorised valves.
These are ordered, pre-configured, as Model numbers:
• 2416/VC motorised valve controllers
• 2416/VP motorised valve controllers with a single setpoint programmer
• 2416/V4 motorised valve controllers storing four setpoint programs.
Figure 1-8 in Chapter 1 shows how to connect a motorised valve controller. The control is
performed by delivering open, or close, pulses in response to the control demand signal.
The motorised valve algorithm operates in the so-called boundless mode, which does not
require a position feedback potentiometer for control purposes.
The desired control mode is selected in the ‘inst’ list in configuration level.
The following parameter list will appear in the navigation diagram shown in Chapter 2, if
your controller is configured for motorised valve control.
Name Description Values
mtr
Motor list Min Max Default
tm
Valve travel time in seconds.
This is the time taken for the valve to travel from
its fully closed position to its fully open position.
0.1 240.0 30.0
In.t
Valve inertia time in seconds.
This is the time taken for the valve to stop moving
after the output pulse is switched off.
OFF 20.0 OFF
bAc.t
Valve backlash time in seconds.
This is the minimum on-time required to reverse
the direction of the valve. i.e. the time to
overcome the mechanical backlash.
OFF 20.0 OFF
mp.t
Output pulse minimum on-time, in seconds.
Auto 100.0 Auto
U.br
Valve sensor break strategy.
rESt, uP, dwn rESt
Table 4-3 Motorised valve parameter list
Page 46
Tuning Installation and Operation Handbook
4-8 2416 Controller
4.5 COMMISSIONING THE MOTORISED VALVE CONTROLLER
The commissioning procedure for bounded control mode is as follows:
1. Measure the time taken for the valve to be raised from its fully closed to its fully open
position and enter this as the value in seconds into the ‘tm’ parameter.
2. Set all the other parameters to the default values shown in Table 4-3.
The controller can then be tuned using any of the automatic, or manual, tuning procedures
described earlier in this chapter. As before, the tuning process, either automatic or manual,
involves setting the values of the parameters in Table 4-1.
4.5.1 Adjusting the minimum on-time ‘mp.t’
The default value of 0.2 seconds is satisfactory for most processes. If, however, after tuning
the process, the valve activity is excessively high, with constant oscillation between raise and
lower pulses, the minimum on-time can be increased.
The minimum on-time determines how accurately the valve can be positioned and therefore
the control accuracy. The shorter the time, the more precise the control. However, if the
time is set too short, process noise will cause an excessively busy valve.
4.5.2 Inertia and backlash settings
The default values are satisfactory for most processes, i.e. ‘OFF’.
Inertia is the time taken for the valve to stop after the output pulse is turned off. If this
causes a control problem, the inertia time needs to be determined and then entered into the
parameter, ‘In.t’. The inertia time is subtracted from the raise and lower output pulse
times, so that the valve moves the correct distance for each pulse.
Backlash is the output pulse time required to reverse the direction of the valve, i.e. the time
taken to overcome the mechanical backlash of the linkages. If the backlash is sufficient to
cause a control problem, then the backlash time needs to be determined and then entered into
the parameter, ‘bac.t’.
The above two values are not part of the automatic tuning procedure and must be entered
manually.
Page 47
Installation and Operation Handbook Tuning
2416 Controller 4-9
4.6 GAIN SCHEDULING
Gain scheduling is the automatic transfer of control between one set of PID values and
another. In the case of the 2416 controller, this is done at a presettable process value. It is
used for the more difficult to control processes which exhibit large changes in their response
time or sensitivity at, for example, high and low temperatures, or when heating or cooling.
The 2416 has two sets of PID values. You can select the active set from either a parameter in
the PID list, or you can transfer automatically in gain scheduling mode. The transfer is
bumpless and will not disturb the process being controlled.
To use gain scheduling, follow the steps below:
Step1: Enable in configuration level
Gain scheduling must first be enabled in Configuration level.
Goto the Inst Conf list, select the parameter Gsch, and
set it to YES.
Step 2: Set the transfer point
Once gain scheduling has been enabled, the parameter G.SP
will appear at the top of the Pid list in FuLL access level.
This sets the value at which transfer occurs. PID1 will be
active when the process value is below this setting and PID2
when the process value is above it. The best point of
transfer depends on the characteristics of the process. Set a
value between the control regions that exhibit the greatest
change.
Step 3: Tuning
You must now set up the two sets of PID values. The values can be manually set, or
automatically tuned as described earlier in this chapter. When tuning automatically you must
tune twice, once above the switching point G.SP and again below the switching point. When
tuning, if the process value is below the transfer point G.SP the calculated values will
automatically be inserted into PID1 set and if the process value is above G.SP, the calculated
values will automatically be inserted into PID2 set.
GSch
YES
G.sp
350
Page 48
Tuning Installation and Operation Handbook
4-10 2416 Controller
Page 49
Installation and Operation Handbook Programmer Operation
2416 Controller 5-1
5 Chapter 5 PROGRAMMER OPERATION
This chapter deals with the setpoint programming option. All 2416 instruments have a basic
8-segment programmer built-in as standard. This facility must be enabled by the user, as
explained in the section, Configuring the Programmer.
Other programmer versions are listed below, and have 16-segments in each program.
Standard controller with:
a single program:
Model 2416/CP.
four stored programs:
Model 2416/P4.
Motorised valve controller with:
a single program:
Model 2416/VP.
four stored programs:
Model 2416/V4.
The 8-segment programmer differs from the other programmers in that it will not provide
event outputs. Otherwise they all operate in the same way.
There are seven topics:
• WHAT IS SETPOINT PROGRAMMING?
• PROGRAMMER STATES
• RUNNING A PROGRAM FROM THE RUN LIST
• RUNNING A PROGRAM USING THE RUN/HOLD BUTTON
• AUTOMATIC BEHAVIOUR
• CONFIGURING THE PROGRAMMER
• CREATING A NEW PROGRAM, OR MODIFYING AN EXISTING PROGRAM.
To understand how to select and change parameters in this chapter you will need to have read
Chapter 2, Operation and Chapter 3, Access Levels.
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Programmer Operation Installation and Operation Handbook
5-2 2416 Controller
WHAT IS SETPOINT PROGRAMMING?
Many applications need to vary temperature, or process value, with time. Such applications
need a controller which varies a setpoint as a function of time. All 2416 programmer models
will do this.
The setpoint is varied by using a setpoint program. Within each 2416 controller there is a
software module, called the programmer, which stores one, or more, such programs and
drives the setpoint according to the selected program. The program is stored as a series of
‘ramp’ and ‘dwell’ segments, as shown below.
Fig 5-1 Setpoint profile
(If the 8-segment programmer is being used, then the information in the next paragraph does not apply.)
In each segment you can define the state of up to two outputs, each of which can be used to
trigger external events. These are called event outputs and can drive either relay, logic, or
triac outputs, depending on the modules installed.
A program is executed either, once, repeated a set number of times, or repeated continuously.
If repeated a set number of times, then the number of cycles must be specified as part of the
program.
Time
Setpoint
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Installation and Operation Handbook Programmer Operation
2416 Controller 5-3
There are five different types of segment:
Ramp
The setpoint ramps linearly, from its current value
to a new value, either at a set rate (called ramp-rate
programming), or in a set time (called time-to-target
programming). You must specify the ramp rate, or
the ramp time, and the target setpoint, when creating
or modifying a program.
Dwell
The setpoint remains constant for a specified
period.
Step
The setpoint steps instantaneously from its current
value to a new value.
Call
The main program calls another program as a
subroutine. The called program then drives the
setpoint until it returns control to the main program.
This facility is only available on those controllers
capable of storing 4 programs.
End
A program either ends in this segment, or
repeats. You specify which is the case when you
create, or modify, a program (see the final topic in
this chapter). When a program ends, the
programmer is put into either, a continuous Dwell
state with all outputs staying unchanged, or the Reset
state.
Table 5-1 Segment Types
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Programmer Operation Installation and Operation Handbook
5-4 2416 Controller
PROGRAMMER STATES
Programs has five states:− Reset, Run, Hold, Holdback and End.
State Description Indication
Reset
In Reset, the programmer is inactive and the
controller behaves as a standard controller, with the
setpoint determined by the value set in the lower
readout.
Both the RUN and
HOLD lights will be
off
Run
In Run, the programmer varies the setpoint
according to the active program.
RUN light on
Hold
In Hold, the program is frozen at its current point. In
this state you can make temporary changes to any
program parameter (for example, a target setpoint, a
dwell time, or the time remaining in the current
segment). Such changes only remain effective
until the program is reset and run again, when
they are overwritten by the stored program
values.
Note: When a program is running, you cannot
alter
a cALLed program until it becomes active within
that program.
HOLD light on
Holdback
Holdback indicates that the measured value is
deviating from the setpoint by more than a pre-set
amount and that the program is in Hold, waiting for
the process to catch up. See Holdback in the
section on Automatic behaviour later this Chapter.
HOLD light flashes
A master controller can re-transmit a setpoint value
to a number of slave units using PDSIO setpoint
retransmission. Any of the slave units can generate
a holdback signal which will also flash the HOLD
light. Holdback will also occur if the PDSIO output is
open circuit. This can be disabled in configuration
by selecting the PdS output as SP.nH - ‘setpoint
retransmission without holdback’
HOLD light flashes
End
The program is complete.
RUN light flashes
Table 5-2 Program States
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Installation and Operation Handbook Programmer Operation
2416 Controller 5-5
RUNNING A PROGRAM FROM THE RUN LIST
The Run List
From the Home display, press
until you reach the ‘run’ list
header.
Press
Program number
This display will only appear on controllers that can hold more
than one program (Models 2416/P4 & 2416/V4). Use
or
to select the required program number, from 1 to 4.
Press
Status selection
Use or to select:
• run Run program.
• hoLd Hold program.
• OFF Program reset.
After two seconds, the lower readout blinks and the chosen state is
now active.
To return to the Home display press
and together.
Other parameters
To access the other parameters in the ‘run’ list, continue to press
. These parameters are shown in the ‘Program run list’ in
Chapter 2, Parameter Tables. They show the current status of the
active program.
Temporary changes
Temporary changes can be made to the parameters in this ‘run’ list, (for example a setpoint,
ramp rate, or an un
elapsed time), by first placing the programmer into ‘hoLd’. Such changes
will remain active only for the duration of the segment; the segment parameters will revert to
their original (stored) values whenever the segment is re-executed.
run
List
prg
1
stat
Off
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Programmer Operation Installation and Operation Handbook
5-6 2416 Controller
RUNNING A PROGRAM USING THE RUN/HOLD BUTTON
If you are using a four (4) program version of the controller, you must first select the number
of the program that you want to run. . Do this in the ‘run’ list - see the previous topic,
Running a program from the Run list.
Then:
RUN
HOLD
RUN / HOLD
button
Press once to run a program (RUN light on)
Press again to hold a program (HOLD light on)
Press again to cancel hold and continue running
(HOLD light off, RUN light on)
Press and hold in for two seconds to reset a
program (RUN and HOLD lights off).
Note: The RUN/HOLD button can be disabled, either when ordering the controller, or
subsequently in configuration. This will force you to operate the program from the ‘run’ list
all
the time. The main advantage of this method is that it will reduce the chance of
accidentally changing the state of a program.
AUTOMATIC BEHAVIOUR
The preceding topics explain how to operate the programmer manually.
The following topics cover aspects of its automatic behaviour: Servo, Holdback and Power
Failure.
Servo
When a program is RUN, the setpoint can start either from the initial controller setpoint, or
from the process value. Whichever it is, the starting point is called the ‘servo’ point and you
set it up in configuration. When the program starts, the transition of the setpoint to its starting
point is called ‘servoing’.
The normal method is to servo to the process value, because this will produce a smooth and
bumpless start to the program. However, if you want to guarantee the time period of the first
segment, you should set the controller to servo to its setpoint.
Holdback
As the setpoint ramps up, or down (or dwells), the measured value may lag behind, or deviate
from, the setpoint by an undesirable amount. ‘Holdback’ is available to freeze the program at
its current state, should this occur. The action of Holdback is the same as a deviation alarm.
It can be enabled, or disabled. Holdback has two parameters - a value and a type.
If the error from the setpoint exceeds the set ‘holdback’ value, then the Holdback feature, if
enabled, will automatically freeze the program at its current point and flash the HOLD light.
When the error comes within the holdback value, the program will resume normal running.
There are four different Holdback types. The choice of type is made by setting a parameter
when creating a program, and may be one of the following:−
‘OFF’ − Disables Holdback − therefore no action is taken.
‘Lo’ − Deviation Low Holdback holds the program back when the process variable
deviates below the setpoint by more than the holdback value.
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Installation and Operation Handbook Programmer Operation
2416 Controller 5-7
‘Hi’ − Deviation High Holdback holds the program back when the process variable
deviates above the setpoint by more than the holdback value.
‘bAnd’ − Deviation Band Holdback is a combination of the two. It holds the program back
when the process variable deviates either above, or below, the setpoint by more
than the holdback value.
There is a single Holdback Value which applies to the whole program. However, the
Holdback type and whether or not it is enabled, can be applied to the program as a whole, or
individually in each segment.
Power failure
If power is lost and then restored, while a program is running, the behaviour of the
programmer is determined by the setting of the parameter ‘Pwr.F’ Power fail strategy in
Programmer configuration. This can have one of three settings:− cont (Continue), rmP.b
(Ramp from PV), or rSEt (Reset).
If ‘cont’ is selected, then when power is restored the program continues from where it was
interrupted when power was lost. All parameters, such as the setpoint and time remaining in
the active segment, will be restored to their power-down values. For applications that need to
bring the measured process value to the setpoint as soon as possible, this is the best strategy.
If ‘rmP.b’ is selected, then when power is restored the setpoint starts at (‘servos to’) the
current measured value, and then ramps to the target setpoint of the active segment at the last
ramp rate used by the program. This strategy provides a smoother recovery. The two
diagrams below illustrate the respective responses, Fig5-2 if power fails during a dwell
segment and Fig5-3 if it fails during a ramp segment.
Figure 5-2 Continue after a power fail
Figure 5-3 Ramp back after a power fail
If ‘rSEt’ is selected, then when power is restored the program terminates.
Setpoint
Ramp
Segment
Dwell Segment
Time
t1
t2
Segment dwell
time = t1 + t2
Power off
Power on
Setpoint
Ramp Segment
Time
Power off
Power on -
Servo to new PV level
Target setpoint
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Programmer Operation Installation and Operation Handbook
5-8 2416 Controller
CONFIGURING THE PROGRAMMER
Configuration defines:
• the number of stored programs (Multi programmer only)
• the holdback strategy
• the power fail strategy
• the servo type
• if event outputs are available. (Multi programmer only)
When first installing a programmer, you should check that the configuration conforms to your
requirement.
To check or change the configuration, select Configuration level. See Chapter 6.
Programmer list header
After selecting Configuration mode, press
until the PROG
ConF header is displayed.
Press
Number of programs
Use or to select:
• nonE: Disable built-in 8-segment programmer
• 1: Enable built-in 8-segment programmer
For 16-segment programmers:
• nonE: no programs
• 1: One stored program
• 4: Four stored programs
Press
Holdback Strategy
Use
or to select:
• SEG: Holdback type to be set in each segment
• ProG: Holdback type to be set for the whole
program
Press
Continued on the next page.
HbAc
SEG
Ptyp
4
prog
Conf
Page 57
Installation and Operation Handbook Programmer Operation
2416 Controller 5-9
Power fail strategy
Use
or to select:
• cont: Continue from last setpoint
• rmP.b: Ramp from PV to setpoint at last ramp rate
• rSEt: Reset the program
Press
Servo type
Use
or to select:
• to.PV Servo to PV
• to.SP Servo to SP
Press
Event Outputs (not in 8-segment programmer)
Use
or to select:
• no: Event outputs disabled
• YES: Event outputs enabled
Note: The term Sync appears on 2416 but is not operational
and should be set to no. It appears in order to maintain software
consistency with 2408 and 2404 controllers.
Press
to return to the list header
Pwr.f
cont
srvo
to.pV
out
no
sync
no
Page 58
Programmer Operation Installation and Operation Handbook
5-10 2416 Controller
CREATING A NEW PROGRAM OR MODIFYING AN EXISTING ONE
The only difference between creating a new program and modifying an existing one, is that a
new program starts with all its segments set to ‘End’ in the ‘tYPE’ parameter. The procedure
for both consists of setting up the parameters in the ‘ProG’ list of the Operation Navigation
Diagram shown in Chapter 2. As explained earlier, under ‘Programmer States’, temporary
changes can be made to these parameters while in the HOLD state, but permanent changes (to
the stored values) can only be made when the programmer is in the Reset state. So, before
modifying a stored program first make sure that it is in Reset and then follow the procedure
below:
Program edit list
From the Home display press
until you reach the ‘ProG
LiSt’ header.
Press
Program number
This display only appears on the four-program controllers.
Use
or to select the number of the program which you
wish to modify (from 1 to 4).
Press
Holdback type
[Only appears when Holdback has been selected for the whole
program.]
Use
or to select:
•
OFF Holdback disabled
• Lo Deviation Low Holdback
• Hi Deviation High Holdback.
• bAnd Deviation Band Holdback
Press
Holdback value
Use
or to set a value.
Press
(Continued on the next page.)
prog
List
prog
1
Hb
band
Hb V
5.0
Page 59
Installation and Operation Handbook Programmer Operation
2416 Controller 5-11
Ramp units
Use
or to select:
• SEc
• min
• Hour
Press
Dwell units
Use or to select:
• SEc
• min
• Hour
Press
Number of program cycles
Use or to set the number of program cycles required from
1 to 999, or ‘cont’ for continuous cycling.
Press
Segment number
Use
or to select the number, [1 to 8 (8-seg programmer)], or
1 to 16.
The parameters that follow ‘SEG.n’ set up the characteristics of
the individually-selected segment number. By defining the
characteristics of each segment of the program, you define the
whole program.
Press
Continued on the next page.
SEG.n
1
rmp.V
min
DwL.U
min
CYC.n
1
Page 60
Programmer Operation Installation and Operation Handbook
5-12 2416 Controller
Segment type
Select the segment type using
or :
•
rmP.r Ramp to a new setpoint at a set rate
• rmP.t Ramp to a new setpoint in a set time
• dwEl Dwell for a set time
•
StEP Step to a new setpoint
•
cALL Call another program as a subroutine
(only available in 4-program controllers)
•
End Make this segment end of program.
Press
The parameters that follow ‘tYPE’ depend on the type of segment selected.
Parameter Segment type selected
rmP.r rmP.t dwEl StEP cALL End
Hb
9 9 9 9
tGt
9 9
9
rAtE
9
dur
9 9
PrG.n
9
outn
9 9 9 9
9
cYc.n
9
dwEl
9
End.t
9
Pwr
9
Table 5-3 Parameters that follow segment tYPE
Holdback type
[Only appears when Holdback per segment has been selected.]
Use or to select:
• OFF: Holdback disabled
• Lo: Deviation Low Holdback
• Hi: Deviation High Holdback
• bAnd: Deviation Band Holdback
Press
Target setpoint
Target setpoint for ‘rmP.r’, ‘rmP.t’ or ‘StEP’ segments.
Set the target setpoint using
or .
Press
Continued on the next page.
Hb
bAnd
tgt
100
type
rmp.r
Page 61
Installation and Operation Handbook Programmer Operation
2416 Controller 5-13
Ramp rate
Ramp rate for ‘rAtE’ segments.
Using
or , set a value for the ramp rate, ranging from 0.00
to 999.9 (the units will be the ramp units (‘rmP.U’) set earlier in
this sequence).
Press
Duration time
Time for a ‘dwEl’ segment, or time to target for a ‘rmP.t’
segment.
Set the time using
or . You have set the units earlier in this
sequence.
Press
Called program number
Only appears for ‘cALL’ segments.
(4-program controllers only)
Set a called program number from 1 to 4, using or .
Press
Number of cycles of the called program
Only appears for ‘cALL’ segments. (4-program controllers only)
Set the number of cycles of the cALLed program from 1 to 999,
using
or .
Press
Continued on the next page.
rate
1.0
dur
1.0
Prg.n
4
cyc.n
1
Page 62
Programmer Operation Installation and Operation Handbook
5-14 2416 Controller
Event output 1 (not 8-segment programmer)
Appears in all segments, except ‘cALL’ segments.
Use
or to set output 1:
•
OFF Off in the current segment
• on On the current segment.
Press
Further event outputs
(not 8-segment programmer)
Up to eight (8) event outputs may appear in this list where ‘n’ =
event number .
Pressing
will step through all the remaining event outputs. In
practice, the 2416 has a maximum of three physical outputs,
although more than one event can be combined onto a single
physical output. See Chapter 6, Configuration.
Use
or to set:
•
OFF Off in the current segment
• on On the current segment.
Press
End segment type
Use
or to select:
•
dwEl An indefinite dwell
• rSEt Reset
• S OP End Segment Output Power Level
Press
Power Value [End Segment]
Use
or to set the power value in the range ±100.0%.
This power level is clipped by the parameters ‘OP.Hi’ and
‘OP.Lo’ before being applied to the process.
Note: In programmer/controller software versions 3.56
onwards, this parameter has been replaced by a parameter
End.P which appears at the end of the output list, see Chapter
2.
Press
to return to the ProG-LiSt header.
End.t
dwel
pwr
0.0
out1
Off
outn
on
Page 63
Installation and Operation Handbook Configuration
2416 Controller 6-1
6 Chapter 6 CONFIGURATION
This chapter consists of six topics:
• SELECTING CONFIGURATION LEVEL
• SELECTING A CONFIGURATION PARAMETER
• LEAVING CONFIGURATION LEVEL
• CHANGING THE PASSWORDS
• NAVIGATION DIAGRAM
• CONFIGURATION PARAMETER TABLES.
In configuration level you set up the fundamental characteristics of the controller.
These are:
• The type of control (e.g. reverse or direct acting)
• The Input type and range
• The Setpoint configuration
• The Alarms configuration
• The Programmer configuration
• The Communications configuration
• The Modules 1, 2 & 3 configuration
• Calibration
• The Passwords
WARNING
Configuration is protected by a password and should only be carried out by a qualified
person, authorised to do so. Incorrect configuration could result in damage to the
process being controlled and/or personal injury. It is the responsibility of the person
commissioning the process to ensure that the configuration is correct.
Page 64
Configuration Installation and Operation Handbook
6-2 2416 Controller
6.1 SELECTING CONFIGURATION LEVEL
There are two alternative methods of selecting Configuration level:
• If you have already powered up, then follow the access instructions given in Chapter 3,
Access levels.
• Alternatively, press
and together when powering up the controller. This will
take you directly to the ‘ConF’ password display.
6.1.1 Password entry
When the ‘ConF’ display appears, you must enter the
Configuration password (which is a number) in order to
gain access to Configuration level.
Enter the password using the
or buttons.
The configuration password is set to ‘2’ when the
controller is shipped from the factory.
Once the correct password has been entered, there is a two
second delay, after which the lower readout will change to
‘PASS’ indicating that access is now unlocked.
Note: A special case exists if the password has been set to
‘0’. In this situation, access is permanently unlocked and
the lower readout will always show ‘PASS’.
Press to enter configuration.
(If an incorrect password has been entered and the
controller is still ‘locked’ then pressing
at this point
will take you to the ‘Exit’ display with ‘no’ in the lower
readout. Simply press to return to the ‘ConF’
display.)
You will obtain the first display of configuration.
Conf
Conf
Conf
pass
inst
Conf
Page 65
Installation and Operation Handbook Configuration
2416 Controller 6-3
6.2 SELECTING A CONFIGURATION PARAMETER
The configuration parameters are arranged in lists as shown in the navigation diagram in
Figure 6.1.
To step through the list headers, press the Page
button.
To step through the parameters within a particular list press the Scroll
button.
When you reach the end of the list you will return to the list header.
You can return directly to the list header at any time by pressing the Page
button.
6.2.1 Parameter names
Each box in the navigation diagram shows the display for a particular parameter. The upper
readout shows the name of the parameter and the lower readout its value. For a definition of
each parameter, see the Configuration Parameter Tables at the end of this chapter. To change
the value of a selected parameter, use the
and buttons.
The navigation diagram shows all the lists headers and parameters that can, potentially, be
present in the controller. In practice, those actually present will vary according to the
particular configuration choices you make.
6.3 CHANGING THE PASSWORDS
There are TWO passwords. These are stored in the Password configuration list and can be
selected and changed in the same manner as any other configuration parameter.
The password names are:
‘ACC.P’ which protects access to Full level and Edit level
‘cnF.P’ which protects access to Configuration level.
6.4 LEAVING CONFIGURATION LEVEL
To leave the Configuration level and return to Operator level Press until the ‘Exit’
display appears.
Alternatively, pressing
and together will take you directly to the ‘Exit’ display.
Use
or to select ‘YES’. After a two-second
delay, the display will blank then revert to the Home
display in Operator level.
Exit
no
Page 66
Configuration Installation and Operation Handbook
6-4 2416 Controller
6.5 NAVIGATION DIAGRAM (PART A)
Instrument Process Value Input Setpoint Alarms Programmer Comms
Config
Config Config Config Config Config Config
Fig 6.1a Navigation Diagram (Part A)
rm.tr
OFF
ti.td
SEc
CooL
Lin
Act
rEv
CtrL
Pid
inSt
ConF
rmt
nonE
rmP.U
PSEc
Pr.tr
OFF
m.tr
OFF
nSP
2
SP
ConF
AL
ConF
AL1
FSH
Ltch
no
bLoc
no
AL2
FSL
Ltch
no
bLoc
no
AL3
OFF
Ltch
no
bLoc
no
AL4
OFF
Ltch
no
bLoc
no
PROG
ConF
PtyP
20
Pwr.F
cont
Srvo
to.PV
out
no
SYnc
no
iP
ConF
inPt
k.tc
CJC
Auto
inp.L
0.0
VaL.H
100.0
VaL.L
0.0
inp.H
50.0
imp
Auto
HbAc
SEG
unit
oC
dEc.P
nnnn
PV
ConF
rnG.H
1200
rnG.L
0
FOP
no
Sbr.t
Sb.OP
Pd.tr
no
Fwd.t
nonE
PwrF
YES
r-h
diSA
m-A
diSA
GSch
no
bcd
nonE
rES
FuLL
Prty
nonE
bAud
9600
Func
mod
id
cmS
HA
ConF
dELY
no
dtYP
PV
Page 67
Installation and Operation Handbook Configuration
2416 Controller 6-5
NAVIGATION DIAGRAM (PART B)
Module 1 Module 2 Module 3 Custom
(1)
Calibration Password
Config
Config Config Config Config Config
Fig 6.1b Navigation Diagram (Part B)
id
rELy
Func
HEAt
VAL.L
0
VAL.H
100
Out.L
4.0
Out.H
20.0
Note:
1. 8-point custom linearisation. Only appears when
‘iP-ConF’ has ‘inpt’ = ‘mV.C’, or ‘mA.C’, or ‘V.C’.
2. The navigation diagram shows typical parameters,
but is dependant upon the exact configuration of the
instrument. The following sheets show the full list of
parameters.
in 1
0.0
UAL.1
0.0
in 2
1.0
UAL.2
200.0
in 3
2..0
2A
ConF
1A
ConF
3A
ConF
CUSt
ConF
See parameter tables
id
reLy
Func
dIg
Sens
nor
AL1
no
AL2
no
AL3
no
UAL.3
350.0
in 8
7.0
UAL.8
800.0
id
reLy
Func
COOL
VAL.L
0
VAL.H
100
Out.L
4.0
ACC.P
1
cnF.P
2
Exit
no
Out.H
20.0
PASS
ConF
rcAL
nonE
UCAL
no
pt1.L
0
pt1.H
0
OF1.L
0.0
CAL
ConF
OF1.H
0.0
Page 68
Configuration Installation and Operation Handbook
6-6 2416 Controller
6.6 CONFIGURATION PARAMETER TABLES
Name Description Values Meaning
inSt
Instrument configuration
CtrL
Control type
Pid
PID control
On.OF
On/off control
VP
Boundless motorised valve
control - no feedback required
Act
Control action
rEv
Reverse acting
dir
Direct acting
CooL
Type of cooling
Lin
Linear
oiL
Oil (50mS minimum on-time)
H2O
Water (non-linear)
FAn
Fan (0.5S minimum on-time)
on.OF
On/off cooling
ti.td
Integral & derivative
SEc
Seconds, OFF to 9999
time units
min
Minutes, OFF to 999.9
dtYP
Derivative type
PV
Err
Operates on rate of change of
PV
Operates on rate of change of
error
m-A
Front panel Auto/Man button
EnAb
Enabled
diSA
Disabled
r-h
Front panel Run/Hold button
EnAb
Enabled
diSA
Disabled
PwrF
Power feedback
on
On
OFF
Off
Fwd.t
Feed forward type
none
None
FEEd
Normal feed forward
SP.FF
Setpoint feed forward
PV.FF
PV feed forward
Pd.tr
Manual/Auto transfer when
no
Non-bumpless transfer
using PD control
YES
Bumpless transfer - (Pre-loads
Manual Reset value)
Sbr.t
Sensor break output
Sb.OP
Go to pre-set value
HoLd
Freeze output
FOP
Forced manual output
no
Bumpless Auto/Manual transfer
trac
Returns to the Manual value
that was set when last in
Manual mode
Step
Steps to forced output level.
Value set in ‘FOP’ of ‘op-List’
in Operator Level
bcd
BCD input function
nonE
Not used
ProG
SP
Only functional in Models 2408
& 2404. Set ‘
bcd
’ to ‘
none
Select setpoint number
Gsch
Gain Schedule Enable
no
Disabled
YES
Enabled
Page 69
Installation and Operation Handbook Configuration
2416 Controller 6-7
Name Description Values Meaning
pV
Process value config
unit
Instrument units
0
C
Celsius
0
F
Fahrenheit
0
k
Kelvin
none
Display units blanked
dec.p
Decimal places in the
nnnn
None
displayed value
nnn.n
nn.nn
One
Two
rng.L
Range low
Low range limit. Also setpoint limit for
alarms and programmers
rng.h
Range high
High range limit. Also setpoint limit for
alarms and programmers
Notes:
1. Pyrometer Emmisivity
Controllers which are specifically supplied for pyrometer inputs (not Exergen K80), have the
curve downloaded in the Custom Input. The parameter, EmiS, Pyrometer Emmisivity,
appears in the Input List on page 2-15. This parameter is also now correctly adjusted.
2. Range
If a decimal point was configured, negative display and setpoint ranges were limited to -99.9
in previous software versions. The range has been increased to -199.9 by combining the
negative sign with the figure one. This allows Setpoints, Process Variables, Alarm
Setpoints and Programmers to be set to -199.9.
Page 70
Configuration Installation and Operation Handbook
6-8 2416 Controller
Name Description Values Meaning
iP
Input configuration
inPt
Input type
J.tc
J thermocouple
k.tc
K thermocouple
L.tc
L thermocouple
r.tc
R thermocouple (Pt/Pt13%Rh)
b.tc
B thermocouple (Pt30%Rh/Pt6%Rh)
n.tc
N thermocouple
t.tc
T thermocouple
S.tc
S thermocouple (Pt/Pt10%Rh)
PL 2
PL 2 thermocouple
C.tc
Custom downloaded t/c (default = type C)
rtd 100Ω platinum resistance thermometer
mV
Linear millivolt
voLt
Linear voltage
mA
Linear milliamps
Sr V
Square root volts
Sr A
Square root milliamps
* See ‘CuSt’ List. mV.C
8-point millivolt custom linearisation
*
V.C
8-point Voltage custom linearisation
*
mA.C
8-point milliamp custom linearisation
*
CJC
Cold Junction
OFF
No cold junction compensation
Compensation
Auto
Automatic internal compensation
0
o
C
0
o
C external reference
45
o
C
45
o
C external reference
50
o
C
50
o
C external reference
imp
Sensor Break Impedance
Off
Disabled (applies to any input)
Caution:
If sensor break is disabled the
controller will not detect open circuit
faults
Auto
Factory set
Hi Impedance of input > 15KΩ
Hi.Hi Impedance of input > 30KΩ
Linear Input Scaling − The next four parameters only appear if a linear input is chosen.
inP.L
Input value low
inP.H
Input value high
VAL.L
Display reading low
VAL.H
Display reading high
VAL.L
inP.HinP.L
VAL.H
Displayed Value
Electrical
Input
Page 71
Installation and Operation Handbook Configuration
2416 Controller 6-9
Name Description Values Meaning
SP
Setpoint configuration
nSP
Number of setpoints
2, 4, 16
Select number of setpoints available
rm.tr
Remote Tracking
OFF
Disable
trAc
Local setpoint tracks remote setpoint
m.tr
Manual Track
OFF
Disable
trAc
Local setpoint tracks PV when in manual
Pr.tr
Programmer Track
OFF
Disable
trAc
Local setpoint tracks programmer SP
rmP.U
Setpoint rate limit units
PSEc
Per second
Pmin
Per minute
PHr
Per hour
rmt
Remote setpoint configuration
nonE
Disable
SP
Remote setpoint
Loc.t
Remote setpoint + local trim
rmt.t
Remote trim + local setpoint
AL
Alarm configuration Values
The controller contains four ‘soft’ alarms, (indication only)
which are configured in this list. Once configured, they
can be attached to a physical output in module positions
1A 2A
or 3A.
AL1
Alarm 1 Type
see Table A
Ltch
Latching
no/YES/Evnt/mAn
*
bLoc
Blocking
no/YES
AL2
Alarm 2 Type
see Table A
Ltch
Latching
no/YES/Evnt/mAn
*
bLoc
Blocking
no/YES
AL3
Alarm 3 Type
see Table A
Ltch
Latching
no/YES/Evnt/mAn
*
bLoc
Blocking
no/YES
AL4
Alarm 4 Type
see Table A
Ltch
Latching
no/YES/Evnt/mAn
*
bLoc
Blocking
(not if ‘AL4’ = ‘rAt’)
no/YES
Table A - Alarm types
Value Alarm type
OFF
No alarm
FSL
PV Full scale low
FSH
PV Full scale high
dEv
PV Deviation band
dHi
PV Deviation high
dLo
PV Deviation low
LCr
Load Current low
HCr
Load Current high
FL2
Not usable on 2416
FH2
Not usable on 2416
LOP
Working Output low
HOP
Working Output high
LSP
Working Setpoint low
HSP
Working Setpoint high
rAt
PV Rate of change
AL4 only
* Alarm Modes
‘no’ means that the alarm will be non-latching.
‘YES’ means that the alarm will be latched, with
automatic resetting. Automatic resetting means that
if a reset is actioned before the alarm has cleared,
then it will automatically reset when it clears.
‘Evnt’ means that the alarm is used to trip
an external event. If this option is selected the
front panel alarm message will not appear.
‘mAn’ means that the alarm will be latched,
and can only be reset after it has first cleared
(called ‘manual reset mode’).
Page 72
Configuration Installation and Operation Handbook
6-10 2416 Controller
The following parameters apply if the standard 8-segment programmer is to be configured.
PROG
Programmer configuration Values Meaning
PtyP
Programmer type
nonE
Programmer disabled (
factory setting)
1
8-segment programmer enabled
HbAc
Holdback
SEG
ProG
Holdback is individually selectable in
each segment.
Holdback is applied across the whole
Program.
Pwr.F
Power fail recovery
cont
Continue from last setpoint (SP)
rmP.b
Ramp from PV to SP at last ramp rate
rSEt
Reset the program
Srvo
Starting setpoint of a
to.PV
From the Process Value (PV)
program (Servo point)
to.SP
From the setpoint
The following parameters apply if a 16-segment programmer is to be configured.
PROG
Programmer configuration Values Meaning
PtyP
Programmer type
nonE
Programmer disabled
1
Single program
4
Four programs
HbAc
Holdback
SEG
ProG
Holdback is individually selectable in
each segment.
Holdback is applied across the whole
Program.
Pwr.F
Power fail recovery
cont
Continue from last setpoint (SP)
rmP.b
Ramp from PV to SP at last ramp rate
rSEt
Reset the program
Srvo
Starting setpoint of a
to.PV
From the Process Value (PV)
program (Servo point)
to.SP
From the setpoint
out
Programmable event
outputs
no
YES
Disabled
Enabled
SYNC
Synchronisation of programs
of several programmers
Not usable in Model 2416
no
YES
Disabled
Enabled
Select ‘no’
Name Description Values Meaning
HA
Comms 1 module config
id
Identity of the module
installed
cmS
EIA-232, or 2-wire EIA-485, or 4-wire
EIA-485 comms
PDS
PDSIO retransmission
PDS.i
PDSIO input
Page 73
Installation and Operation Handbook Configuration
2416 Controller 6-11
Name Description Values Meaning
For ‘id’ = ‘cms’ use this parameter table:
Func
Function
mod
Modbus protocol
EI.bi
Eurotherm Bisynch protocol
bAud
Baud Rate
1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19.20(19,200)
dELy no
No delay
Delay - quiet period, required
by some comms adaptors
YES
Delay active - 10mS
The following parameters only appear if the function chosen is Modbus protocol.
Prty
Comms Parity
nonE
No parity
EvEn
Even parity
Odd
Odd parity
rES
Comms Resolution
FuLL
Full resolution
Int
Integer resolution
dELy no
No delay
Delay - quiet period, required
by some comms adaptors
YES
Delay active - 10mS
For ‘id’ = ‘pds’ use this parameter table:
Func
Function
nonE
No PDSIO function
SP.oP
PDSIO setpoint retransmission
PV.oP
PDSIO PV retransmission
Er.OP
PDSIO error signal retransmission
OP.oP
PDSIO output power retransmission
VAL.L
Retransmitted Value Low
VAL.H
Retransmitted Value High
For ‘id’ = ‘Pdsi’ use this parameter table:
Func
Function
SP.iP
PDSIO setpoint input
VAL.L
Setpoint Displayed Value - Low
VAL.H
Setpoint Displayed Value - High
VAL.L
100%0%
VAL.H
Displayed Value
Retransmitted
Output
VAL.L
100%0%
VAL.H
Displayed Value
Electrical Input
Page 74
Configuration Installation and Operation Handbook
6-12 2416 Controller
Name Description Values Meaning
1A
Module 1 configuration
id
Identity of module installed
rELy
Relay output
dC.OP
Non-isolated DC output
LoG
Logic/PDSIO output
SSr
Triac output
For ‘id’ = ‘rELy’, ‘LoG’, or ‘SSr’ use this parameter table:
Func
Function
nonE
Function disabled
dIG
Digital output function
HEAt
Heating output
COOL
Cooling output
up
Open motorised valve
dwn
Close motorised valve
(Only if ‘id’ = ‘LoG’) SSr.1
PDSIO mode 1 heating
(Only if ‘id’ = ‘LoG’) SSr.2
PDSIO mode 2 heating
VAL.L
% PID demand signal giving
minimum output − ‘Out.L’
VAL.H
% PID demand signal giving
maximum output − ‘Out.H’
Out.L
Minimum average power
Out.H
Maximum average power
SEnS
Sense of output
(Only if ‘Func’ = ‘dIG’)
nor
Normal (output energises
when TRUE, e.g program
events)
inv
Inverted (output de-
energises when TRUE, e.g.
alarms)
When ‘SEnS’ appears, then further parameters are available. See the table on the next
page.
VAL.L
Out.HOut.L
VAL.H
PID Demand Signal
Electrical
Output
Page 75
Installation and Operation Handbook Configuration
2416 Controller 6-13
Name Description Values Meaning
The following digital events appear after ‘SEnS’. Any one, or more, of the events can be
combined on to the output (see Fig. 6-2) by selecting ‘YES’ in the lower readout.
1 - - -
Alarm 1 active
YES / no (- - -) = alarm type (e.g. FSL).
2 - - -
Alarm 2 active
YES / no
If an alarm has not been configured
3 - - -
Alarm 3 active
YES / no in ‘AL ConF’ list, then display will
4 - - -
Alarm 4 active
YES / no differ:- e.g. Alarm 1 = ‘AL 1’.
mAn
* Controller in manual mode
YES / no
Sbr
* Sensor break
YES / no
SPAn
* PV out of range
YES / no
Lbr
* Loop break
YES / no
Ld.F
* Load failure alarm
YES / no
tunE
* Tuning in progress
YES / no
dc.F
* Voltage output open circuit, or
mA output open circuit
YES / no
rmt.F
* PDS module connection or
remote input open circuit
YES / no
iP1.F
* Input 1 fail (not usable on 2416)
YES/no
nw.AL
* New Alarm has occurred
YES / no
End
* End of setpoint rate limit, or end
of program
YES / no
SYnc
* Program Synchronisation active
YES / no (Not available in 2416 - set to ‘no’)
PrG.n
* Programmer event output
active, where ‘n’ = event number
from 1 to 8. (Not available with
8-segment programmer.)
YES / no
* These alarms are always non-latching. Process alarms 1, 2, 3 and 4 are configurable as
alarm latching or non-latching, see the ‘AL’ List
Figure 6-2 Combining several digital events on to one output
dIG
SEnS
nor
inv
Output
Module
Digital
Events
OR
Page 76
Configuration Installation and Operation Handbook
6-14 2416 Controller
Name Description Values Meaning
For ‘id’ = ‘dC.OP’, use this parameter table:
Func
Function
nonE
Function disabled
HEAt
Heating output
COOL
Cooling output
PV
Retransmission of PV
wSP
Retransmission of setpoint
Err
Retransmission of error signal
OP
Retransmission of OP power
VAL.L
% PID, or Retrans’n Value,
giving minimum output
VAL.H
% PID, or Retrans’n Value,
giving maximum output
unit
voLt = Volts, mA = milliamps
Out.L
Minimum electrical output
Out.H
Maximum electrical output
2A
Module 2 configuration
As per module 1 configuration, but excluding the ‘SSr.1’, ‘SSr.2’ options on a logic output.
3A
Module 3 configuration
As per module 2 configuration.
Cust
8-point Custom Linearisation
(1)
in 1
Custom input 1
VAL.1
Linearisation Value representing in 1
in 8
Custom input 8
VAL.8
Linearisation Value representing in 8
VAL.L
Out.H Out.L
VAL.H
Electrical
Output
%PID, or Retransmission Value
Note:
1. Custom Linearisation is only available when ‘ip- ConF list has ‘inpt’ set to
‘mV.C’, or ‘mA.C’, or ‘V.C’
2. Custom curves must be continuously increasing or decreasing in value and input.
VAL.1
VAL.3
in 8in 1 in 3
VAL.8
Displayed Value
Electrical
Input
Page 77
Installation and Operation Handbook Configuration
2416 Controller 6-15
Name Description Values Meaning
CAL
Calibration
In this mode you can
1. Calibrate the instrument using a mV source -
rcAL
or ref source
cal.
2. Offset the calibration to account for errors in actual sensor
measurement and a ref sensor -
UCAL
or user calibration
3. Return to factory set calibration -
FACT
or factory set calibration.
rcAL
Calibration
point
nonE
No calibration
PV
Calibrate main Process Value input.
PV.2
Calibrate DC input, or PV 2.(not
2416)
1A.Hi
Calibrate DC output high - Module 1
1A.Lo
Calibrate DC output low - Module 1
2A.Hi
Calibrate DC output high - Module 2
2A.Lo
Calibrate DC output low - Module 2
3A.Hi
Calibrate DC output high - Module 3
3A.Lo
Calibrate DC output low - Module 3
INPUT CALIBRATION
For ‘CAL’ = ‘PV’, or ‘PV.2’, the following parameters apply.
PV
PV Calibration Value
IdLE
Idle
mv.L
Select 0mV as the calibration point
mv.H
Select 50mV as the calibration point
V 0
Select 0Volt as the calibration point
1. Select calibration value
V 10
Select 10V as the calibration point
2. Apply specified input
CJC
Select 0
o
C CJC calibration point
3. Press
to step to ‘GO’ rtd
Select 400Ω as the calibration point
HI 0
High impedance: 0Volt cal’n point
HI 1.0
High impedance: 1.0 Volt cal’n point
FACt
Restore factory calibration
GO
Start calibration
no
Waiting to calibrate PV point
Select ‘YES’ with
or YES
Start calibration
Wait for calibration to
buSy
Busy calibrating
complete.
donE
PV input calibration completed
FAIL
Calibration failed
Go to User
calibration
table - See
also chapter 7
Go to input
Calibration table
Go to
DC Output
Calibration
table
Page 78
Configuration Installation and Operation Handbook
6-16 2416 Controller
Name Description Values Meaning
DC Output Calibration
The following parameters apply to DC output modules ie for
rcAL = 1A.Hi to 3A.Lo
cAL.H
Output Calibration High
0 0 = Factory set calibration.
Trim value until output = 9V, or
18mA
cAL.L
Output Calibration Low
0 0 = Factory set calibration.
Trim value until output = 1V, or 2mA
User calibration
UCAL
User calibration enable Yes/no
pt1.L
Low calibration point for Input 1 The factory calibration point at which the low point
offset was performed.
pt1.H
High calibration point for
Input 1
The factory calibration point at which the high point
offset was performed.
OF1.L
Offset Low for Input 1 Calculated offset, in display units.
OF1.H
Offset High for Input 1 Calculated offset, in display units.
Name Description Values Meaning
PASS
Password configuration
ACC.P
Full or Edit level password
cnF.P
Configuration level
password
Note:- When passwords are changed please make a note of the new numbers
Exit
Exit configuration
no/YES
Page 79
Installation and Operation Handbook User Calibration
2416 Controller 7-1
7 Chapter 7 User Calibration
This chapter has five topics:
• WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF USER CALIBRATION?
• USER CALIBRATION ENABLE
• OFFSET CALIBRATION
• TWO POINT CALIBRATION
• CALIBRATION POINTS AND CALIBRATION OFFSETS
To understand how to select and change parameters in this chapter you will need to have read
Chapter 2 - Operation, Chapter 3- Access Levels and Chapter 6 - Configuration.
7.1 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF USER CALIBRATION?
The basic calibration of the controller is highly stable and set for life. User calibration allows
you to offset the ‘permanent’ factory calibration to either:
1. Calibrate the controller to your reference standards.
2. Match the calibration of the controller to that of a particular transducer or sensor input.
3. Calibrate the controller to suit the characteristics of a particular installation.
4. Remove long term drift in the factory set calibration.
User calibration works by introducing a single point, or two-point, offset onto the factory set
calibration.
Page 80
User Calibration Installation and Operation Handbook
7-2 2416 Controller
7.2 USER CALIBRATION ENABLE
The User calibration facility must first be enabled in configuration level by setting the
parameter ‘UCAL' in the CAL ConF list to 'YES'. This will make the User calibration
parameters visible in Operator ‘FuLL’ level. This procedure is described in Chapter 6,
Configuration, but for convenience is summarised below: .
+
The Calibration Configuration List
Press until you reach the ‘CAL-Conf’ list.
Press until you reach ‘UCAL’.
User Calibration Enable
Use or to select:
•
YES: Calibration enable
• no: Calibration disabled
Press
and together to go to the Exit display.
Exit configuration
Use
or to select ‘YES’ to return to Operator level.
CAL
UCAL
YES
×2
Page 81
Installation and Operation Handbook User Calibration
2416 Controller 7-3
7.3 OFFSET CALIBRATION
Offset calibration is used to apply a single fixed offset over the full display range of the
controller.
To calibrate, proceed as follows:
1. Connect the input of the controller to the source device to which you wish to calibrate.
2. Set the source to the desired calibration value.
3. The controller will display the current measurement of the value.
4. If the displayed value is correct, then the controller is correctly calibrated and no further
action is necessary. If it is incorrect, then follow the steps shown below.
Select ‘FuLL’ access level, as described in Chapter 3.
x 2
Input list header
Press until you reach the input list header.
Press until you reach the ‘CAL’ display.
Calibration type
•
FACt: Factory Calibration
• USEr: User Calibration
Use
or to select ‘FACt’.
Selecting ‘FACt’ reinstates the factory calibration and allows the
application of a single fixed offset.
Press
continued on the next page
Displayed Value
Input
Factory Calibration
Fixed Offset
CAL
FACt
Page 82
User Calibration Installation and Operation Handbook
7-4 2416 Controller
Set Offset 1
Use
or to set the offset value of Process Value 1
(PV1).
The offset value is in display units.
Press
The table below shows the parameters which appear after
‘OFS.1’. These are all read only values and are for information.
Press
to step through them.
mV.1
IP1 measured value (at terminals)
CJC.1
IP1 Cold Junction Compensation
Li.1
IP1 Linearised Value
PV.SL
Not available in Model 2416
If you do not want to look at these parameters, then press
and this returns you to the ‘iP-LiSt’ header.
To protect the calibration against unauthorised adjustment, return
to Operator level and make sure that the calibration parameters
are hidden. Parameters are hidden using the ‘Edit’ facility
described in Chapter 3, Access Levels.
OFS.1
0
See table on the
right for additional
parameters
Page 83
Installation and Operation Handbook User Calibration
2416 Controller 7-5
7.4 TWO-POINT CALIBRATION
The previous section described how to apply an offset, or trim, calibration, which applies a
fixed offset over the full display range of the controller. A two-point calibration is used to
calibrate the controller at two points and applies a straight line between them. Any readings
above, or below, the two calibration points will be an extension of this straight line. For this
reason it is best to calibrate with the two points as far apart as possible.
Proceed as follows:
1. Decide upon the low and high points at which you wish to calibrate.
2. Perform a two point calibration in the manner described below.
x 2
Input list header
Press
until you reach the input list header, ‘ip LiSt’.
Press until you reach the ‘CAL’ display.
Calibration type
• FACt: Factory Calibration
• USEr: User Calibration
Use
or to select ‘USEr’.
Selecting ‘USEr’ enables two-point calibration.
[If two-point calibration is unsatisfactory, select ‘FACt’ to return
to the factory set calibration.]
Press
CAL
USEr
Displayed Value
Input
x
x
Factory Calibration
High-point calibration
Low-point calibration
Calibration high-point value
Calibration low-point value
Offset introduced
Offset introduced
User Calibration
Page 84
User Calibration Installation and Operation Handbook
7-6 2416 Controller
Select Low-point Calibration
This is the Calibration Status display. This display shows that no
input is selected for calibration.
• nonE: No selection. If nonE selected go to page 7-4
• ip1.L: Input 1 (PV1) calibration low-point selected
• ip1.H: Input 1 (PV1) calibration high-point selected
• ip2.L:
Not available in Model 2416
• ip2.H: Not available in Model 2416
Use
/ to select the parameter for the Low Calibration
point of Input 1, ‘ip1.L’ & follow route shown on this page.
Press
Adjust low-point calibration
This is the display for adjusting the Low Calibration point of Input
1. The lower readout is a live reading of the process value, which
changes as the input changes.
Make sure that the calibration source is connected to the terminals
of Input 1, switched on and feeding a signal to the controller. It
should be set to the desired low-point calibration value. If the
lower readout does not show this value, then use
/ to adjust
the reading to the required value.
Press
to return to the ‘ip-List’ header.
To perform the High-point Calibration, repeat the above
procedure, selecting ‘ip1.H’ in the ‘CAL.S’ display for
adjustment.
Press
twice.
Calibration type
‘USEr’ was selected for the Low-point Calibration, and has
remained selected.
Press
CAL.S
nonE
CAL
USEr
Adj
25
x 2
Page 85
Installation and Operation Handbook User Calibration
2416 Controller 7-7
Select High-point Calibration
This is the Calibration Status display, again.
Use
/ to select the parameter for the High-point Calibration
of Input 1, ‘ip1.H’.
Press
Adjust High-point Calibration
This is the display for adjusting the High Calibration point of
Input 1. The lower readout is a live reading of the process value,
which changes as the input changes.
Feed the desired high-point calibration signal to the controller,
from the calibration source. If the lower readout does not show
this value, then use
/ to adjust the reading to the required
value.
Press
to return to the ‘ip-List’ header.
To protect the calibration against unauthorised adjustment return
to Operator level and make sure that the calibration parameters are
hidden. Parameters are hidden using the ‘Edit’ facility
described in Chapter 3.
Adj
1200
CAL
ip1.L
Page 86
User Calibration Installation and Operation Handbook
7-8 2416 Controller
7.5 CALIBRATION POINTS AND CALIBRATION OFFSETS
If you wish to see the points at which the User calibration was performed and the value of the
offsets introduced, then these are shown in Configuration, in ‘CAL-Conf’.
The parameters are:
Name Parameter description Meaning
pt1.L
Low calibration point for Input 1 The factory calibration point at which the low
point offset was performed.
pt1.H
High calibration point for Input 1 The factory calibration point at which the high
point offset was performed.
OF1.L
Offset Low for Input 1 Calculated offset, in display units.
OF1.H
Offset High for Input 1 Calculated offset, in display units.
Note: The value of each of the parameters in the above table may also be altered by using
the /
buttons.
Page 87
Installation and Operation Handbook Load Current Monitoring and Diagnostics
2416 Controller 8-1
8 Chapter 8 LOAD CURRENT MONITORING AND
DIAGNOSTICS
Current flowing in a system of electrical heating elements (the ‘Load’) can be displayed on
the controller by using a Eurotherm TE10 SSR fitted with intelligent current transformer,
PDCTX, or an SSR or contactor with an external PDCTX.
Load current monitoring and diagnostics may be used with any time proportioned output,
fitted in module position 1A, and uses the logic output wires which drive the SSR to return
signals back to the controller These signals represent the RMS value of the load current
during the ON period, or load related alarm conditions. It is not designed for analogue
outputs i.e. phase angle control.
It is also designed for single phase operation only.
There are two modes of operation:-
1. Mode 1
Detects if there is a break in the heater circuit. This includes heater or SSR open circuit. A
single Load Failure alarm message is displayed on the lower readout of the controller.
2. Mode 2
Provides the following:-
Display of true RMS load current On the
lower readout of the controller
Displays the true RMS current in the ON
state to the load.
Low current alarm Analogous to Partial
Load Failure (PLF) supplied in some
Eurotherm SSRs
Provides advanced warning of failure of
one or more heaters in parallel
High current alarm Activated when the
heater exceeds a set limit
Typically used where element bunching
may occur
SSR short circuit
This will apply full power to the heaters
which could result in an over temperature
condition. This alarm provides early
warning.
Heater failure
Indicates open circuit load conditions
Page 88
Load Current Monitoring and Diagnostics Installation and Operation Handbook
8-2 2416 Controller
1.
8.1 EXAMPLE WIRING DIAGRAM (FOR MODE 1 & 2 OPERATION)
Hardware Required
1. Eurotherm SSR type TE10/PDS2 OR
2. Eurotherm intelligent current transformer type PD/CTX + contactor or zero voltage
switching SSR
2416 controller configured for PDS mode 2 option using logic output. This module must be
fitted in module position 1. (order code M2).
Figure D.1 Connections for Mode 1 & 2
Warning!
Take care that the controller is correctly wired for the mode of operation which is configured.
Failure to do so may be hazardous in some situations.
Heater
Heater
power fuse
(load
dependent)
L
N
Controller
Fuse 2A(T)
L
Alternative current regulator
arrangements:-
The Eurotherm TE10/PDS2 contains
integral power regulator and intelligent
PDCTX
The PDCTX can be supplied separately for
use with any SSR or logic thyristor unit as
shown in the diagram below.
The output drive capability of the PDCTX is
5V at 7mA maximum
PDCTX
Intelligent
Current
Transformer
Logic input
SSR
+
+ Red
- Black
-
To
Heater
To L
To logic output
1A & 1B
TE10 Solid
State
Relay
T/C
+
-
L N
N
V+
V-
1B
1A
C
O
M
M
S
1
+
-
+
PV
-
This
represents a
single turn
through the
CT
Page 89
Installation and Operation Handbook Load Current Monitoring and Diagnostics
2416 Controller 8-3
8.2 OPERATION
8.2.1 To Read Load Current (mode 2 only)
Do This This Is The Display You Should See Additional Notes
Current will be displayed
in the lower readout. See
also ‘Display Modes’
below.
It will revert to the
HOME display after
45 seconds or 10
seconds if an alarm
is present
From the ‘InFo’ list
Press
until
AmPS is shown in
the upper display
This display will be shown if:
I. The controller is unable to resolve the reading
II. The controller is not obtaining a reading
III. The measurement has timed out i.e. current
has not flowed for 15 seconds
8.2.2 To Display Load Current Continuously in the Lower Readout (mode 2
only)
Do This This Is The Display You Should See Additional Notes
From the ‘HOME’
display, Figure 2.3.
Press
until
diSP is shown in
the upper display
Press
or
until AmPS is
displayed in the
lower display
Current will be
displayed in the
lower readout
continuously when
the controller reverts
to the HOME
display, see also
‘Display Modes’
below.
8.2.3 Display Modes
SSR RMS On State Current
This is the default state when high or low current alarms are configured. The load current
displayed is the steady state true rms current measured during the ON period.
The minimum on times are:Mode 2 0.1second
diSP
AmPS
AmPS
5
AmPS
----
Page 90
Load Current Monitoring and Diagnostics Installation and Operation Handbook
8-4 2416 Controller
8.2.4 How Heater Alarms Are Displayed
Do This This Is The Display You Should See Additional Notes
If an alarm is
present it will flash a
four character
mnemonic in the
lower display
If more than one
alarm is active, the
display will alternate
between the alarm
messages and the
default parameter in
the lower display
The Alarm Messages are:-
Mnemonic Meaning Description
The following two messages are alarms which are produced as a result of failure within the
process. In place of dashes the alarm number will appear i.e 1, 2, 3, or 4
-LCr
Alarm number
-
Low Current
Used for partial load failure detection. To avoid nuisance
tripping due to supply voltage variations set to a value at
least 15% below the minimum normal operating current
-HCr
Alarm number
-
High Current
Used for load overcurrent protection. To avoid nuisance
tripping due to supply voltage variations set to a value at
least 15% above the maximum normal operating current.
Note: This alarm is not intended to provide
instantaneous safety protection from short circuit fault
conditions
The following message is a diagnostic alarm which appears for mode 1 operation only.
LdF
L
oad Fail This includes failure of the heater circuit or the SSR
The following two messages are diagnostic alarms produced as a result of failure within the
equipment or wiring connections. They appear for modes 2 and 5 operation only. They may
be enabled using the diAG parameter in the AL LiSt, see ‘SHORT CIRCUIT SSR
ALARM AND HEATER FAIL ALARM’
Htr.F
H
eater Fail No current is being drawn while the controller output
demand signal is on
SSr.F
SSR
Fail The load is continuously on while the controller output
demand signal is off
Actual
Temperature
(PV)
HOME Display
20.0
1LCr
OP1
OP2
Page 91
Installation and Operation Handbook Load Current Monitoring and Diagnostics
2416 Controller 8-5
8.3 TO SET THE ALARM TRIP LEVELS
Do This This Is The Display You Should See Additional Notes
From the HOME
display (Figure 2.3)
press
until the
AL LiSt is
displayed
To select the Alarm
List header
Press button
until the desired
alarm number is
displayed
Press
or
to adjust the alarm
trip level
To select the
diagnostic alarm
parameter found
under the Alarm List
header
The alarm trip level
is set to 123
8.4 SHORT CIRCUIT SSR ALARM AND HEATER FAIL ALARM
These alarms exist as Diagnostic Alarms in the controller. To make the alarm active it is
only necessary to turn on the diagnostic alarm feature in the Alarm List in the Operator Level
Do This This Is The Display You Should See Reason
From the HOME
display press
button until the AL
LiSt is displayed
This opens the list
which contains the
diAG mnemonic
Press until
DiAG is displayed
Press
or
to select YES
This activates the
diAG mnemonic to
allow Diagnostic
Alarms to be
displayed in the
lower readout of the
HOME display
8.5 RELAY OUTPUTS
Any plug in module can be used for alarms provided they are not already being used for
another purpose , such as control. Any one or more alarms can be attached to an output,
which will operate when an alarm occurs. Contacts are rated at 2A 264Vac for operating
external beacons or audible devices.
AL
LiSt
DiAG
YES
AL
LiSt
1---
123
1 2 3 or 4
indicates the alarm
number;
--- indicates the
alarm type:e.g. LCr or HCr
Page 92
Load Current Monitoring and Diagnostics Installation and Operation Handbook
8-6 2416 Controller
8.6 TO CONFIGURE PDS LOAD CURRENT DIAGNOSTICS
Configuration of PDS load current diagnostics is in four parts:-
1. Configure the Logic Module for PDS Mode 1 or 2 operation.
2. Configure the Low and High Current trip alarms.
3. Attach the alarms to operate an output relay.
4. Set up the Scaling Factor.
First enter Configuration Level. See Chapter 5
8.7 TO CONFIGURE THE LOGIC MODULE FOR PDS MODES 1 OR 2
Do This This Is The Display You Should See Additional Notes
Press until the
1A Conf is
displayed
This opens the
configuration list
associated with
module position 1A
Press to show
id
This shows the
identity of the
module
The module identity
is log
ic output
Press to show
Func
Press
or
to show SSr1 or
SSr 2 as required.
This shows the
func
tion of module
The module function
is set to PDS mode
1
Press to show
VAL.L
Press
or
to show 0.0
This is the lower PID
demand level
To set the minimum
PID signal to 0%
Press to show
VAL.H)
Press
or
to show 100.0
This is the upper
PID demand level
To set the maximum
PID signal to 100%
1A
Conf
id
Log
VAL.H
100.0
VAL.L
0.0
Func
SSr1
Page 93
Installation and Operation Handbook Load Current Monitoring and Diagnostics
2416 Controller 8-7
Press to show
OUT.L
Press
or
to show 0.0
Warning! If OUT.L is
set to any figure other
than 0 the minimum
output power will be
limited to this level. You
must ensure that this
does not present an
unsafe condition for the
process
This is the minimum
output power
To set the min
output power to 0
Press to show
OUT.H
Press
or
to show 100.0
This is the maximum
output power
To set the max
output power to 100
Press to show
SEnS
Press
or
to show nor
This sets the output
signal to normal for
heating control
SEnS
nor
OUT.L
0.0
OUT.H
1
0.0
Page 94
Load Current Monitoring and Diagnostics Installation and Operation Handbook
8-8 2416 Controller
8.8 TO CONFIGURE LOW AND HIGH CURRENT TRIP ALARMS
Alarm 1 will be configured as Load Current Low (Lcr)
Alarm 2 will be configured as Load Current High (Hcr)
Do This This Is The Display You Should See Additional Notes
Press button
until the AL Conf
is displayed
This opens the
configuration list
which contains the
Alarms
Press to show
AL1 (alarm 1)
Press
or
to show LCr
To select alarm 1
To make alarm 1 =
L
ow Current
Press until
AL2 (alarm 2)
appears
Press
or
to show HCr
After 0.5 sec the display
will blink to show the
alarm type has been
accepted
To select alarm 2.
To make alarm 2 =
H
igh Current
Note:- The above alarms are known as SOFT ALARMS because they are indication
only.
AL
Conf
AL1
LCr
AL2
HCr
Page 95
Installation and Operation Handbook Load Current Monitoring and Diagnostics
2416 Controller 8-9
8.9 TO ATTACH SOFT ALARMS TO A RELAY OUTPUT
Any one alarm indicated above may be attached to an output (normally a relay). Alternatively
any combination of alarms may be attached to operate a relay using the procedure below:-
Do This This Is The Display You Should See Additional Notes
Press “PAGE” key
as many times
as necessary to 3A
ConF
Any output module
can be configured
for an alarm output
provided it is not
used for any other
purpose, eg as a
control output.
In place of 3A you
should select the
module required, i.e.
1A or 2A
Press until
1--- is displayed
Press
or
to select YES or
Repeat the above
step for every alarm
to be attached to the
output
1---- denotes alarm 1
followed by three letters
which denote the alarm
type e.g. LCr
yes means that the
selected output will
activate when an
alarm occurs in
normal operation
no means the
output will not
activate
3A
Conf
1---
yes
A
larms Connected to a
Relay Output
dIG
SEnS
nor
inv
Output
Module
Soft
A
larms
OR
3A
3B
Page 96
Load Current Monitoring and Diagnostics Installation and Operation Handbook
8-10 2416 Controller
8.10 THE SCALING FACTOR
The value of the current displayed on the controller is scaled using the scaling factor. This is
found in the inSt ConF list. It is set, by default, to 100 and assumes a single turn
through the current transformer. If two turns are made through the current transformer it will
be necessary to adjust the scaling factor to 50 to obtain the same reading.
Under normal conditions you should not need to change the scaling factor.
If, however, you wish to change the sensitivity of the current reading, for example, to read
very low currents you may need to change the number of turns through the PDCTX and/or
adjust the scaling factor to compensate. See also note 1 below.
8.10.1 To Adjust the Scaling Factor
Do This This Is The Display You Should See Additional Notes
Press button until
inSt Conf is displayed
Press until LC.Hi is
displayed
Press
or to
change the scaling factor
Note 1:-
Minimum Resolvable Current
TE10 4A RMS. It is not possible to read currents lower than 4A when using a TE10.
PDCTX 4A RMS for a single turn through the PDCTX
Should you wish to read currents lower than 4A using a PDCTX it is necessary to increase the
number of turns through the PDCTX and adjust the scaling factor to compensate.
For example: To read 1.0A wind 4 turns through the PDCTX and adjust the scaling factor to
25 as shown in the table below.
Scalar = 100/N Where N = Turns through PDCTX
N Scalar N Scalar
1 100 5 20
2 50 10 10
4 25
Maximum Resolvable Current
TE10 Determined by the maximum range of the SSR
PDCTX 100A (or 100 ampere turns)
Finally Exit configuration level. See Chapter 5
LC.Hi
100
inSt
Conf
Page 97
Installation and Operation Handbook Ordering Code
2416 Controller A-1
Appendix A UNDERSTANDING THE ORDERING
CODE
The 2416 controller has a modular hardware construction, which accepts up to three plug-in
Input/Output modules and one communications module, to satisfy a wide range of control
requirements.
The ordering code is in two parts. The hardware coding and an optional configuration
coding. The hardware coding specifies the basic build of the controller and the plug-in
modules that are fitted.
Part 1:
Hardware coding
Part 2:
Configuration
Basic build
Plug-in
I/O modules
2416
Model Module Display
number 1 units
Function Module
Supply 2 Sensor Options
voltage Module Range
3 min
Comms Range
Manual max
The controller may have been ordered with just the hardware build specified, or with
configuration included. This is indicated by the ordering code on the side of the controller.
Page 98
Ordering Code Installation and Operation Handbook
A
-2 2416 Controller
Part 1A: Hardware coding
Model
number
Function Supply
voltage
Module 1
2416 CC VH LH
Continue next page ►
Function
CC Controller/8-seg
Programmer
CP Single 16-segment
Programmer
P4 Four Program 16-
segment
VC Valve positioner (VP)
/8 segment Prog.
VP VP/Single Prog. 16-
segment
V4 VP/Four Program.
16-segment
Supply voltage
VH 85 to 264Vac
VL 20 to 29Vac/dc
Module 1
XX None
Relay: 2-pin
R2 Fitted unconfigured
RH PID heating
RU Valve raise output
Or Alarm 1: select from table A
Logic non-isolated
L2 Fitted unconfigured
LH PID heating
M1 PDSIO mode 1
(1)
M2 PDSIO mode 2
(1)
Triac
T2 Fitted unconfigured
TH PID heating
TU Valve raise output
DC control non-isolated
D2 Unconfigured
H1 0-20mA heating
H2 4-20mA heating
H3 0-5Vdc heating
H4 1-5Vdc heating
H5 0-10Vdc heating
Table A : Alarm relay
functions
FH High alarm
FL Low alarm
DB Deviation band
DL Low dev. alarm
DH High dev alarm
Page 99
Installation and Operation Handbook Ordering Code
2416 Controller A-3
Part 1B: Hardware coding
Plug-in modules
Module
2
Module 3 Comms 1 Manual
RC RH MB ENG
Continue next page ►
Module 2
XX None
Relay: 2-pin
R2 Fitted unconfigured
RC PID cooling
RW Valve lower output
PO Program event output 1
Or Alarm 2: select from table A
Logic non- isolated
L2 Fitted unconfigured
LC PID cooling
Triac
T2 Fitted unconfigured
TC PID cooling
TW Valve lower output
DC control non-isolated
D2 Unconfigured
C1 0-20mA cooling
C2 4-20mA cooling
C3 0-5Vdc cooling
C4 1-5Vdc cooling
C5 0-10Vdc cooling
Comms
XX None
EIA-485 ( 2 wire )
Y2 Fitted unconfigured
YM Modbus protocol
YE EI Bisynch protocol
EIA-232
A2 Fitted unconfigured
AM Modbus protocol
AE EI Bisynch protocol
EIA-485 ( 4 wire )
F2 Fitted unconfigured
FM Modbus protocol
FE EI Bisynch protocol
PDSIO input
M6 Fitted unconfigured
RS Setpoint input
PDSIO output
M7 Fitted unconfigured
PT PV retransmission
TS Setpoint retrans
OT Output retrans
Module 3
XX None
Relay: 2-pin
R2 Fitted unconfigured
PO Program event 2
LF PDSIO load failure
HF PDSIO heater failure
SF PDSIO SSR failure
Or Alarm 4 select from table A
Other modules
L2 Logic unconfigured
non-isolated
T2 Triac unconfigured
D2 DC unconfigured
non- Isolated
First character
V−
PV retransmission
S−
Setpoint retransmission
O−
Output retransmission
Z−
Error retransmission
Second character
−1
0 to 20mA
−2
4 to 20mA
−3
0 to 5V
−4
1 to 5V
−5
0 to 10V
Manual
XXX No manual
ENG English
FRA French
GER German
ITA Italian
►Continued
Page 100
Ordering Code Installation and Operation Handbook
A
-4 2416 Controller
-
Hardware
coding
Part 2: Configuration
Sensor input Range min Range max Units Options
K 0 1000 C CF
Notes:
1. PDSIO is a proprietary technique developed by Eurotherm for bi-directional
transmission of analogue and digital data between instruments.
Mode 1: provides logic heating to a Eurotherm TE10S solid state relay with feedback of a
general load fault alarm.
Mode 2: provides logic heating to a Eurotherm TE10S solid state relay with feedback of load
current and two alarms: solid state relay failure and heater circuit failure.
2. Range min and Range max: Thermocouple and RTD sensor inputs will always display
over the full operating range shown in Sensor input table. For these inputs, the values
entered here are the low and high setpoint limits. For process inputs, the values are the
display scaling corresponding to the minimum and maximum input values.
See note 2
►Continued
Sensor input Range min &max
Standard sensor inputs
°C °F
J J thermocouple -210 to 1200 -340 to 2192
K K thermocouple -200 to 1372 -325 to 2500
T T thermocouple -200 to 400 -325 to 750
L L thermocouple -200 to 900 -325 to 650
N N thermocouple -250 to 1300 -418 to 2370
R Type R - Pt13%Ph/Pt -50 to 1768 -58 to 3200
S Type S - Pt10%Rh/Pt -50 to 1768 -58 to 3200
B Type B - Pt30%Rh/Pt6%Rh 0 to 1820 32 to 3308
P Platinel II 0 to 1369 32 to 2496
C *Type C W5%Re/W26%Re
(Hoskins)*
0 to 2319 32 to 4200
Z RTD/PT100 -200 to 850 -325 to 1562
Process inputs
F -9.99 to + 80mV 0 to 9999
Y 0-20 mA Linear 0 to 9999
A 4-20 mA Linear 0 to 9999
W 0-5V DC Linear 0 to 9999
G 1-5V DC Linear 0 to 9999
V 0-10V DC Linear 0 to 9999
Custom Sensor inputs (* replaces type C thermocouple)
D Type D - W3%Re/W25%Re 0 to 2399 32 to 4350
E E thermocouple -270 to 1000 -450 to 1830
1 Ni/Ni18%Mo 0 to 1399 32 to 2550
2 Pt20%Rh/Pt40%Rh 0 to 1870 32 to 3398
3 W/W26%Re (Englehard) 0 to 2000 32 to 3632
4 W/W 26%Re
(Hoskins)
0 to 2010 32 to 3650
5 W5%Re/W26%Re
(Englehard)
10 to 2300 50 to 4172
6 W5%Re/W26%Re
(Bucose)
0 to 2000 32 to 3632
7 Pt10%Rh/Pt40%Rh 200 to 1800 392 to 3272
Options
Add as many options as required
Control options
NF On/Off control
DP Direct acting PID
control
PD Power feedback
disabled
Cooling options
CF Fan cooling
CW W ater cooling
CL Oil cooling
Front panel buttons
MD Auto/man button
disabled
RD Run/hold button
disabled
Programmer options
HD Dwell time in hours
HR Ramp rate in units/hour
(minutes is standard)
Units
C Centigrade
F Fahrenheit
K Kelvin
X Blank
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