How it Works
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EX24000
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EtherWAN EX24000 User Manual

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EX24000 Switch
User’s Guide
EX24000 Switch Users Guide
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Product Overview
Computer Setup
Setting the initial IP address
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Dissemination or reproduction of this document, or its contents, is not authorized except where expressly permitted. Violators are liable for damages. All rights reserved, for the purposes of patent application or trademark registration.
Disclaimer of Liability
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. EtherWAN is not liable for any errors or omissions contained herein or for resulting damage in connection with the information provided in this manual.
Registered Trademarks
The following words and phrases are registered Trademarks of EtherWAN Systems Inc. EtherOS™ Ethernet to the World™
All other Trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Warranty
For details on the EtherWAN warranty replacement policy, please visit our web site at:
https://kb.etherwan.com/index.php?View=entry&EntryID=27
Products Supported by this Manual:
EX24000
Contact EtherWAN Systems
Corporate Headquarters EtherWAN Systems Inc. 4570 E. Eisenhower Circle Anaheim, CA 92807 Tel: (714) 779 3800 Fax: (714) 779 3806 Email: support@etherwan.com
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents ................................................................................................... iii
Table of Figures ...................................................................................................... xi
Preface................................................................................................................... xiv
Changes in this Revision...........................................................................................xiv
Document Conventions ............................................................................................. xv
Safety and Warnings ................................................................................................. xv
Typographic Conventions.......................................................................................... xv
Product Overview .................................................................................................. 16
EX24000 Switch ........................................................................................................16
Product Highlights .....................................................................................................17
Unpacking and Installation ................................................................................... 18
Package Contents ..................................................................................................... 18
Unpacking .................................................................................................................18
Required Equipment and Software ...........................................................................19
Computer Setup..................................................................................................... 20
Management Methods and Protocols........................................................................ 20
Default IP................................................................................................................... 21
Login Process and Default Credentials ..................................................................... 21
Setting the initial IP address................................................................................. 22
Simple IP Addressing ................................................................................................ 22
CLI Command Usage............................................................................................. 24
Navigating the CLI Hierarchy ....................................................................................24
CLI Keyboard Shortcuts ............................................................................................25
CLI Command modes ...............................................................................................26
General Configuration Mode ...............................................................................26
MSTP Configuration Mode .................................................................................. 26
Interface Configuration Mode .............................................................................. 27
VLAN Database Configuration Mode ..................................................................27
Saving a Configuration from the CLI ...................................................................27
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System Menu ......................................................................................................... 28
System Information ...................................................................................................28
System Name/Password ........................................................................................... 30
IP Address.................................................................................................................31
Static IP ............................................................................................................... 31
DHCP Client ........................................................................................................ 31
Default Gateway ..................................................................................................31
DNS Server .........................................................................................................31
Management Interface ..............................................................................................33
HTTPS.................................................................................................................33
Telnet...................................................................................................................33
SSH (Secure Shell) .............................................................................................34
Save Configuration Page ..........................................................................................35
Save Configuration .............................................................................................. 35
Load Configuration .............................................................................................. 35
Backup Configuration .......................................................................................... 35
Restore Default.................................................................................................... 36
Auto Save ............................................................................................................ 36
Firmware Upgrade..................................................................................................... 37
Reboot....................................................................................................................... 38
Logout .......................................................................................................................38
Diagnostics ............................................................................................................ 39
Utilization................................................................................................................... 39
System Log ...............................................................................................................40
Remote Logging ........................................................................................................ 41
ARP Table ................................................................................................................. 43
Route Table............................................................................................................... 44
Port ......................................................................................................................... 45
Configuration ............................................................................................................. 45
Port Status................................................................................................................. 47
Rate Control ..............................................................................................................48
RMON Statistics ........................................................................................................ 49
Per Port VLAN Activities............................................................................................ 50
Port Security Dynamic-MAC...................................................................................... 51
Port Configuration Examples Using CLI Commands ................................................54
Setting the Port Description................................................................................. 54
Enable or Disable a Port...................................................................................... 54
Setting the Port Speed ........................................................................................55
Setting Port Duplex.............................................................................................. 55
Enable or Disable Port FlowControl ....................................................................56
Display Port Status .............................................................................................. 56
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Setting a Ports Rate Control................................................................................56
Display a Ports RMON Statistics ......................................................................... 57
Display a Ports VLAN Activities........................................................................... 57
Setting Dynamic MAC Port Security.................................................................... 57
Switching................................................................................................................ 59
Bridging .....................................................................................................................59
Aging Time ..........................................................................................................60
Port Isolation........................................................................................................60
Block Multicast..................................................................................................... 60
Loopback Detect .......................................................................................................62
Enabling Loopback Detection (Global)................................................................ 62
Changing the Loopback Detect Action ................................................................ 62
Changing the Loopback Detect Recovery Time ..................................................62
Changing the Polling Interval............................................................................... 63
Enabling Loopback Detection (Per Port) ............................................................. 64
Storm Detect .............................................................................................................65
Enabling Storm Detect Configuration (Global) ....................................................65
Changing the Storm Detect Interval ....................................................................65
Changing the Storm Detect Error Disable Recovery Time .................................. 65
Static MAC Entry ....................................................................................................... 68
Adding a Static MAC Address to a Port............................................................... 68
Removing a Static MAC Address from a Port .....................................................69
Adding a MAC to the Static-MAC-Entry Discard Table .......................................69
Removing a MAC address from the Static-MAC-Entry Discard Table ................70
Port Mirroring............................................................................................................. 71
Link State Tracking.................................................................................................... 73
Enable/Disable Link State Tracking.....................................................................73
Port Settings........................................................................................................ 74
PoE 75
Changing the System Power Budget (Global)..................................................... 75
Enabling Enable Mode (Per Port)........................................................................ 75
Changing the Fixed Power Limit (Per Port) .........................................................75
Enabling Power Priority (Per Port)....................................................................... 75
PoE Scheduling......................................................................................................... 76
Enabling PoE Scheduling (Per Port) ...................................................................76
Switch Configuration Examples Using CLI Commands ............................................78
Setting the Aging Time Value .............................................................................. 78
Enabling Port Isolation.........................................................................................78
Enabling Block Multicast...................................................................................... 79
Setting Storm Detect by Utilization ...................................................................... 79
Enabling Loopback Detect (Global)..................................................................... 80
Setting the Loopback Detect Action ....................................................................80
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Setting the Loopback Detect Recovery Time ...................................................... 80
Setting the Loopback Detect Polling Interval....................................................... 81
Enabling Loopback Detect (Port)......................................................................... 81
Adding a MAC Address for Static-MAC-Entry Forwarding ..................................82
Adding a MAC Address for Static-MAC-Entry Discarding ...................................82
Configuring Port Mirroring ...................................................................................83
Enabling a Link State Tracking Group.................................................................83
Assigning a Port to a Link State Tracking Group................................................. 84
Setting the System Power Budget ................................................................... 84
Trunking ................................................................................................................. 85
Overview ...................................................................................................................85
Static Channel Trunking ...................................................................................... 85
Link Aggregation Control Protocol.......................................................................85
Port Trunking............................................................................................................. 86
LACP Trunking .......................................................................................................... 87
Trunking Configuration Examples Using CLI Commands ......................................... 89
Adding an Interface to a Static Trunk .................................................................. 89
Adding an Interface to a LACP Trunk.................................................................. 89
Setting the LACP Port Priority ............................................................................. 90
Setting the LACP Timeout ...................................................................................90
STP/Ring Page – Overview ................................................................................... 91
Choosing the Spanning Tree Protocols..................................................................... 91
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) ............................................................................91
Rapid Spanning Tree protocol (RSTP)................................................................ 91
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) ............................................................91
STP/Ring Page - Configuring RSTP ..................................................................... 92
Global Configuration Page ........................................................................................92
Enabling the RSTP Protocol................................................................................92
Additional Global Configuration page settings..................................................... 92
The Root Bridge & Backup Root Bridge ..............................................................94
Setting the MAX Age, Forward Delay and Hello Timer .......................................96
RSTP Port Setting Page............................................................................................ 98
Spanning Tree Port Roles ................................................................................... 98
Path Cost & Port Priority...................................................................................... 99
Point to Point Link..............................................................................................101
Edge Port........................................................................................................... 101
RSTP Configuration Examples Using CLI Commands ...........................................102
Enabling the Spanning Tree Protocol................................................................102
Bridge Priority, Max Age, Forward Delay, and Hello Time ................................102
Modifying the Port Priority and Path Cost.......................................................... 103
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Manually Setting a Port to be a Shared or Point to Point Link........................... 103
Enabling/Disabling a port to be an Edge Port.................................................... 104
STP/Ring Page - Configuring MSTP................................................................... 105
Global Configuration Page ......................................................................................105
Enabling the MSTP Protocol .............................................................................105
The CIST Root Bridge & Backup CIST Root Bridge.......................................... 106
Setting Bridge Priority........................................................................................107
Configuring the CST Network Diameter ............................................................ 108
MSTP Properties Page............................................................................................ 109
Configuring an MSTP Region............................................................................109
Configuring the IST Network Diameter.............................................................. 111
MSTP Instance Setting Page ..................................................................................112
Setting an MSTP Instance.................................................................................112
Modifying MSTP parameters for load balancing................................................ 113
MSTP Port Setting page.......................................................................................... 115
Adjusting the blocking port in a MSTP network ................................................. 115
MSTI Instance Port Membership .......................................................................117
MSTP Configuration Examples Using CLI Commands ........................................... 119
Enabling Spanning Tree for MSTP.................................................................... 119
Bridge Priority, Max Age, Forward Delay, and Hello Time ................................119
IST MAX Hops...................................................................................................120
MSTP Regional Configuration Name and the Revision Level ........................... 120
Creating an MSTI Instance................................................................................121
Setting MSTI Priority.......................................................................................... 121
Modifying CIST Port Priority and Port Path Cost............................................... 121
Adding a Port to an MSTI Instance.................................................................... 122
STP/Ring Page - Alpha Ring ............................................................................... 123
Alpha Ring Setting Page .........................................................................................123
EtherWAN α-Ring Technology ..........................................................................123
Implementing a Simple α-Ring ..........................................................................123
Connecting two α-Ring Networks together........................................................ 125
Chain Setting Page .................................................................................................126
Chain Protocol................................................................................................... 126
VLAN (Global) ...................................................................................................127
Priority (Global).................................................................................................. 127
Timeout Count (Global) ..................................................................................... 127
Enabling Storm Control (Broadcast and Multicast) (Global).............................. 127
Chain Pass-Through Setting Page.......................................................................... 128
Implementing a Chain Pass-Through ................................................................129
Advanced Setting ....................................................................................................129
Advanced Bridge Configuration......................................................................... 130
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Advanced Per Port Configuration ...................................................................... 131
Configuring Spanning Tree Advanced Settings using CLI commands.................... 133
Enabling BPDU Guard Globally......................................................................... 133
Enabling BPDU Guard on a Port .......................................................................133
Enabling BPDU Guard Error Disable-timeout.................................................... 134
VLAN..................................................................................................................... 135
Port Based VLAN vs. Tagged Based VLAN............................................................ 135
Configuring VLANs in Port Based VLAN Mode....................................................... 135
Enabling Port Based VLAN ...............................................................................135
Port Based VLAN Configuration Examples .......................................................136
Port Based VLAN Configuration Examples using CLI Commands.................... 138
VLAN Configuration in 802.1Q Tag Based VLAN Mode .........................................140
General Overview.............................................................................................. 140
Enabling 802.1Q Tagged Based VLAN ............................................................. 141
Configuring 802.1Q VLAN Database................................................................. 142
802.1Q Tag Based VLAN Configuration Examples Using CLI Commands ............ 143
Configuring a 802.1Q VLAN .............................................................................. 143
Configuring an IP Address for a Management VLAN ........................................ 143
Removing an IP Address from a Management VLAN .......................................144
Configuring an Access Port............................................................................... 144
Configuring a Trunk Port ...................................................................................145
Add an IP to the Management VLAN ......................................................................146
Configuring the Port Type and the PVID setting .....................................................147
Configuring the VLAN Egress (outgoing) Member Ports................................... 148
QoS ....................................................................................................................... 150
Global Configuration Page ......................................................................................151
Web GUI Interface.............................................................................................151
QoS Global Configuration using the CLI Interface ..................................................153
Enable/Disable QoS Trust ................................................................................. 154
Configuring the Egress Expedite Queue ........................................................... 154
802.1p Priority Page................................................................................................ 156
Web GUI Interface.............................................................................................156
802.1p Priority Submenu – CLI Interface ................................................................157
DSCP Page – HTTP Interface................................................................................. 158
DSCP Submenu – CLI Interface .............................................................................159
QoS Interface Commands – CLI Interface ..............................................................160
SNMP .................................................................................................................... 161
SNMP General Settings ..........................................................................................161
Configuring SNMP v1 & v2 Community Groups...................................................... 164
Configuring SNMP v3 Users ...................................................................................165
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Adding SNMP v3 Users to the switch................................................................ 165
Deleting SNMP v3 Users from the switch.......................................................... 168
SNMP Configuration Examples Using CLI Commands........................................... 169
Enabling SNMP and configuring general settings ............................................. 169
Configuring SNMP Traps................................................................................... 171
Configuring SNMP v1 & v2 Community Groups................................................ 173
Adding SNMP v3 Users..................................................................................... 173
IEEE 802.1X .......................................................................................................... 174
Configuring 802.1X from the GUI system................................................................ 174
Enabling Radius ................................................................................................174
Adding a Radius Server..................................................................................... 175
Enabling 802.1X on a Port.................................................................................176
LLDP ..................................................................................................................... 178
LLDP General Settings............................................................................................ 179
Enable/Disable LLDP ........................................................................................179
Holdtime Multiplier............................................................................................. 179
Global TLV Setting ............................................................................................180
LLDP Ports Settings ................................................................................................ 182
Enabling LLDP transmission for a specific Port................................................. 182
Enabling LLDP Reception for a specific Port..................................................... 182
Enabling Notifications........................................................................................ 182
LLDP Neighbors ...................................................................................................... 184
LLDP Statistics ........................................................................................................ 185
LLDP Configuration Examples Using CLI Commands ............................................ 186
Enable/Disable LLDP ........................................................................................186
LLDP Holdtime Multiplier ...................................................................................187
LLDP Transmit Interval...................................................................................... 187
Enable/Disable Global LLDP TLVs.................................................................... 188
Enabling LLDP Transmit on a Port ....................................................................189
Enabling LLDP Receive on a Port .....................................................................189
Enabling LLDP Notify ........................................................................................190
Enabling Transmission of the Management IP.................................................. 190
Enabling Specific TLV’s on a Port ..................................................................... 191
Other Protocols.................................................................................................... 192
GVRP ......................................................................................................................192
General Overview.............................................................................................. 194
Enabling the GVRP Protocol at the Global Level .............................................. 195
Enabling the GVRP Protocol at the Port Level ..................................................197
GVRP Configuration Examples Using CLI Commands ..................................... 199
IGMP Snooping ....................................................................................................... 202
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General Overview.............................................................................................. 202
Enabling the IGMP Snooping Modes ................................................................203
Configuring IGMP Snooping General properties ...............................................203
Configuring IGMP Passive Mode Specific properties........................................ 204
Configuring IGMP Querier Mode Specific properties ........................................205
Configuring IGMP Unknown Multicast Forwarding............................................ 206
Monitoring Registered Multicast Groups ...........................................................211
IGMP Configuration Examples Using CLI Commands ...................................... 212
Network Time Protocol ............................................................................................ 220
Enabling NTP ....................................................................................................220
Setting the NTP Server IP Address ...................................................................220
Setting the Timezone......................................................................................... 220
Setting the Polling Period .................................................................................. 220
Manually Syncing Time .....................................................................................221
Daylight Savings Time - Weekday Mode........................................................... 221
Daylight Savings Time – Date Mode .................................................................222
Network Time Protocol Configuration Examples Using CLI Commands........... 224
GMRP...................................................................................................................... 227
General Overview.............................................................................................. 227
GMRP Normal mode ......................................................................................... 227
GMRP Fixed mode ............................................................................................227
GMRP Forbidden mode..................................................................................... 228
GMRP Forward All mode................................................................................... 228
GMRP Disabled mode....................................................................................... 228
Enabling the GMRP Feature Globally on the Switch......................................... 228
Configuring the GMRP Feature Per Port........................................................... 229
GMRP Configuration Examples Using CLI Commands ....................................232
DHCP Server........................................................................................................... 234
General Overview.............................................................................................. 234
Configuring the DHCP Server ...........................................................................234
DHCP Configuration Examples Using CLI Commands ..................................... 237
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TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Front view ..............................................................................................................16
Figure 2: Back view...............................................................................................................16
Figure 3: Login screen ..........................................................................................................21
Figure 4: Assigning an IP address ........................................................................................ 23
Figure 5: Saving the Configuration........................................................................................ 24
Figure 6: System Information ................................................................................................ 29
Figure 7: System Name/Password........................................................................................ 30
Figure 8: IP Address .............................................................................................................32
Figure 9: Management Interface ........................................................................................... 34
Figure 10: Save Configuration Page ..................................................................................... 36
Figure 11: Firmware Upgrade Page...................................................................................... 37
Figure 12: Utilization Page ....................................................................................................39
Figure 13: System Log ..........................................................................................................40
Figure 14: Remote Logging Page .........................................................................................42
Figure 15: ARP Table............................................................................................................43
Figure 16: Route Table .........................................................................................................44
Figure 17: Port Configuration ................................................................................................46
Figure 18: Port Status ........................................................................................................... 48
Figure 19: Rate Control.........................................................................................................49
Figure 20: RMON Page......................................................................................................... 50
Figure 21: Port VLAN Activities............................................................................................. 51
Figure 22: Port Security ........................................................................................................53
Figure 23: Bridging................................................................................................................61
Figure 24: Loopback Detection ............................................................................................. 63
Figure 25:Loopback Detection (port)..................................................................................... 64
Figure 26: Storm Detect ........................................................................................................67
Figure 27: MAC Static Entry.................................................................................................. 68
Figure 28: Removing a Static MAC....................................................................................... 69
Figure 29: Adding a MAC – Static-MAC-Entry Table ............................................................ 70
Figure 30: Deleting a MAC – Static-MAC-Entry Table .......................................................... 70
Figure 31: Port Mirroring .......................................................................................................72
Figure 32: Disabling Port Mirroring .......................................................................................73
Figure 33: Link State Tracking .............................................................................................. 74
Figure 34: Link State Tracking – Port Settings...................................................................... 74
Figure 35: PoE ...................................................................................................................... 76
Figure 36: PoE Scheduling ...................................................................................................77
Figure 37: Port Trunking .......................................................................................................87
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Figure 38: LACP Trunking..................................................................................................... 88
Figure 39: STP/Ring Global Configuration............................................................................ 93
Figure 40: Bridge ID ..............................................................................................................94
Figure 41: Bridge ID Display ................................................................................................. 95
Figure 42: Max Age, Hello Timer & Forward Delay............................................................... 97
Figure 43: Spanning Tree Port Roles.................................................................................... 98
Figure 44: Port ID..................................................................................................................99
Figure 45: Port Priority and Path Cost ................................................................................100
Figure 46: Enabling MSTP .................................................................................................. 106
Figure 47: Bridge ID ............................................................................................................106
Figure 48: Bridge ID Display ............................................................................................... 107
Figure 49: Max Age, Hello Timer & Forward Delay............................................................. 109
Figure 50: MSTP Region and Revision Level .....................................................................110
Figure 51: MSTP Properties – Max Hops ...........................................................................111
Figure 52: VLAN Instance Configuration............................................................................. 113
Figure 53: VLAN Instance ID ..............................................................................................113
Figure 54: Setting the MSTI Regional Root Bridge ............................................................. 114
Figure 55: Port Cost & Priority ............................................................................................116
Figure 56: Port Instance Configuration ...............................................................................118
Figure 57: Port Instance - Adding Ports ..............................................................................118
Figure 58: α-Ring Settings ..................................................................................................124
Figure 59: Ring Coupling ....................................................................................................126
Figure 60: Chain Settings.................................................................................................... 128
Figure 61: Chain Pass-Through Settings ............................................................................ 129
Figure 62: Advanced Bridge Configuration .........................................................................131
Figure 63: Advanced Per Port Configuration ......................................................................132
Figure 64: Port Based VLAN............................................................................................... 136
Figure 65: Port Based VLAN – Example 1.......................................................................... 137
Figure 66: Port Based VLAN – Example 2.......................................................................... 138
Figure 67: Tag-based VLAN ...............................................................................................141
Figure 68: Add VLAN .......................................................................................................... 142
Figure 69: Add VLAN Page................................................................................................. 142
Figure 70: Management VLAN IP Address ......................................................................... 146
Figure 71: VLAN Port Setting.............................................................................................. 147
Figure 72: VLAN Links ........................................................................................................ 148
Figure 73: VLAN Ports ........................................................................................................149
Figure 74: Tag or Untag ports ............................................................................................. 149
Figure 75: Global Configuration .......................................................................................... 151
Figure 72: 802.1p Priority.................................................................................................... 156
Figure 77: DSCP .................................................................................................................158
Figure 78: SNMP General Settings..................................................................................... 163
Figure 79: Community Name V1/V2c.................................................................................. 164
Figure 80: Add User ............................................................................................................165
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Figure 81: SNMP v3 Settings.............................................................................................. 166
Figure 82: User name & Access Mode ...............................................................................166
Figure 83: Auth Password................................................................................................... 167
Figure 84: Privacy PassPhrase........................................................................................... 168
Figure 85: Delete User ........................................................................................................168
Figure 86: Select User ........................................................................................................169
Figure 87: Enable Radius.................................................................................................... 175
Figure 88: Radius Setup .....................................................................................................176
Figure 89: Resulting Radius Server Setup.......................................................................... 176
Figure 90: Enabling 802.1X on a Port .................................................................................177
Figure 91: LLDP Global Settings......................................................................................... 181
Figure 92: LLDP Ports Settings........................................................................................... 183
Figure 93: LLDP Neighbors................................................................................................. 184
Figure 94: LLDP Statistics................................................................................................... 185
Figure 95: GVRP.................................................................................................................193
Figure 96: GVRP Configuration Distribution Switch............................................................ 196
Figure 97: GVRP Configuration Access Switch ..................................................................197
Figure 98: GVRP Per Port Settings..................................................................................... 198
Figure 99: IGMP Mode........................................................................................................ 203
Figure 100: IGMP General Properties................................................................................. 204
Figure 101: IGMP Passive Mode ........................................................................................205
Figure 102: Querier Mode Properties.................................................................................. 206
Figure 103: Disabled Mode Forwarding Port ......................................................................207
Figure 104: PassiveForwardMode ......................................................................................208
Figure 105: ForceForwardMode.......................................................................................... 209
Figure 106: IGMP Querier Mode Forwarding...................................................................... 210
Figure 107: Current Multicast Groups ................................................................................. 211
Figure 108: NTP Settings.................................................................................................... 221
Figure 109: Daylight Savings – Weekday Mode .................................................................222
Figure 110: Daylight Savings – Date Mode......................................................................... 223
Figure 111: GMRP Global Setting....................................................................................... 229
Figure 112: DHCP Server ...................................................................................................235
Figure 113: DHCP Bindings ................................................................................................ 236
Figure 114: DHCP Binding Table........................................................................................ 237
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PREFACE
Audience
This guide is designed for the person who installs, configures, deploys, and maintains the Ethernet network. This document assumes the reader has moderate hardware, computer, and Internet skills.
Document Revision Level
This section provides a history of the revision changes to this document.
Revision Document Version Date Description
A Version 1 05/09/2014 Initial release
Changes in this Revision
N/A - this is first version of this document.
EX24000 Switch Users Guide
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Preface
Document Conventions
This guide uses the following conventions to draw your attention to certain information.
Safety and Warnings
This guide uses the following symbols to draw your attention to certain information.
Symbol Meaning Description
Note Notes emphasize or supplement important points of the main text.
Tip Tips provide helpful information, guidelines, or suggestions for performing tasks more
Warning Warnings indicate that failure to take a specified action could result in damage to the
Electric Shock Hazard This symbol warns users of electric shock hazard. Failure to take appropriate
effectively.
device, or could result in serious bodily injury.
precautions such as not opening or touching hazardous areas of the equipment could result in injury or death.
Typographic Conventions
This guide also uses the following typographic conventions.
Convention Description
Bold Indicates text on a window, other than the window title, including menus, menu options, buttons, fields, and labels.
Italic Indicates a variable, which is a placeholder for actual text provided by the user or system. Angled brackets (< >)
screen/code Indicates text that is displayed on screen or entered by the user.
< > angled brackets
[ ] square brackets
{ } braces Indicates required or expected values. | vertical bar Indicates that you have a choice between two or more options or arguments.
are also used to indicate variables.
Indicates a variable, which is a placeholder for actual text provided by the user or system. Italic font is also used to indicate variables.
Indicates optional values.
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PRODUCT OVERVIEW

EX24000 Switch

The EX24000 Switch Provides the 16-port 10/100BASE-TX (PoE) and 2 combo Gigabit SFP ports. The EX24000 Switch is a fully managed switch.
Figure 1: Front view
Figure 2: Back view
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Product Highlights

Basic Features:
16 x 10/100BASE (PoE) ports Provides up to two combo Gigabit SFP ports Supports 8192 MAC addresses, Provides 2M bits memory buffer Store-and-forward mechanism, Full wire-speed forwarding rate Supports IEEE802.3af Power over Ethernet (PoE) Power Sourcing Equipment
(PSE)
Supports Max. 15.4W power for each PSE/PoE port RS-232 console, Telnet, SNMP V1, V2c & V3, RMON, Web Browser, and TFTP
Management
Supports Command Line Interface from RS-232 Console α-ring and RSTP/MSTP/STP for Ethernet redundancy  IP Multicast Filtering Port-based VLAN, IEEE802.1Q VLAN Tagging and GVRP IEEE802.1p QoS with four priority queues MAC-based trunking with automatic link fail-over Supports IEEE802.1X Security Bandwidth Rate Control Per-port programmable MAC address locking Up to 24 Static Secure MAC addresses per port Port mirroring Supports NTP Supports IEEE802.3/802.3u/802.3ab/802.3z/802.3x 1000Mbps-Full-duplex, 10/100Mbps-Full/Half-duplex, Auto-Negotiation, Auto-
MDI/MDIX
Alarms for port and power failure by relay output Power Supply: 100~240VAC, 50~60Hz internal universal PSU Power consumption: 12W Max. (Without PoE)
Power budget: 195W Max Push and hold the reset button for less than 10 seconds: system reboot Push and hold the reset button for more than 10 seconds: reset to default
password
0°C to 45°C (32°F to 113°F) operating temperature range Supports Rack Mounting installation
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EX24000 Switch Users Guide
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UNPACKING AND INSTALLATION

This chapter describes how to unpack and install the EX24000 Switch
The topics covered in this chapter are:
Package Contents (Page 18
Unpacking (Page 18
Required Equipment and Software (Page 19
Computer Setup (Page 20
Management Methods and Protocols (Page 20
Default IP (Page 21
Login Process and Default Credentials (Page 21
Setting the initial IP address (Page 22
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)

Package Contents

When you unpack the product package, you will find the items listed below. Please inspect the contents, and report any apparent damage or missing items immediately to your authorized reseller.
This Management Switch
User’s Manual
External power adapter

Unpacking

Follow these steps to unpack the EX24000 Switch and prepare it for operation:
1. Open the shipping container and carefully remove the contents.
2. Return all packing materials to the shipping container and save it.
3. Confirm that all items listed in the "Package Contents" section are included in the shipment. Check each item for damage. If any item is damaged or missing, notify your authorized EtherWAN representative.
Page 19

Required Equipment and Software

The following hardware and software are needed in order to manage the switch from the web interface:
Computer with an Ethernet Interface (RJ-45)
Managing the switch requires a personal computer (PC) or notebook computer
equipped with a 10/100base-TX Ethernet interface and a physical RJ-45
connection. The preferred operating system for the computer is Microsoft Windows
XP/Vista/7. It is possible to use Apple OSX or Linux systems as well, but, for the
sake of brevity, all web configurations in this manual will be shown using Windows
7 as the underlying operating system.
Cat 5+ Ethernet Cables
An Ethernet cable of at least Category 5 rating is required to connect your
computer to the switch. The cable can be configured as “straight-through” or
crossover.
TFTP Server Software
Trivial file transfer protocol (TFTP) server software is needed to update the switch
firmware and to upload/download configuration files to the switch. Users not
performing these tasks do not need TFTP software installed. Several good TFTP
servers are available for free online. The server that will be used in this manual is
TFTPD32 by Philippe Jounin.
Web Browser Software
The end user can employ any of the following web browsers during switch
configuration: Internet Explorer, Firefox, or Chrome. Internet Explorer is the
preferred browser for EtherWAN switch configuration. If there is trouble with other
browsers while attempting to program the switch, Internet Explorer should be used.
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COMPUTER SETUP

The end user’s management computer may need to be reconfigured prior to connecting to the switch in order to access the switch’s web interface through its default IP address (See
Default IP

Management Methods and Protocols

).
There are several methods that can be used to manage the switch. This manual will show the details of configuring the switch using a web browser. Each section will be followed by the CLI (Command Line Interface) commands needed to achieve the same results as described in that section.
The methods available to manage the EX24000 Switch include:
SSH - Secure Shell CLI that is accessible over TCP/IP networks which and is
generally regarded as the most secure method of remotely accessing a
device.
Telnet - is like SSH in that it allows a CLI to be established across a TCP/IP
network, but it does not encrypt the data stream.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the most popular switch management
protocol involving the use of a web browser.
RS232 – The EX24000 Switch is equipped with a RS232 serial port that can
be used to access the switches CLI. The Serial port is DCE DB9F. A
straight through serial cable is used to connect to a typical computer serial
port.
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Default IP

The switch’s default IP address is 192.168.1.10. The user will need to modify the management computer so that it is on the same network as the switch. For example, the user could change the IP address of the management computer to
192.168.1.100 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.

Login Process and Default Credentials

Once a compatible IP address has been assigned to the management computer, the user is ready to log in to the switch. To log in, type the URL http://192.168.1.10/ into the address field of the browser and hit return. The following will appear in the browser window (See Figure 3
)
The Default Login is root (case sensitive)
There is no password by default
Enter the login name and click the Login button
Figure 3: Login screen
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SETTING THE INITIAL IP ADDRESS

Once logged in the user can now configure the switch per the network requirements. The two major addressing options are:
Simple IP addressing
Multiple VLAN addressing (See Add an IP to the Management VLAN
on page 146).

Simple IP Addressing

A new IP address can now be assigned to the switch. From the System Information screen, go to the left hand navigation menu.
1. Click on the + next to System
2. Click on IP address
3. Enter the desired IP address and subnet mask in the IP Address/Subnet Mask fields associated with VLAN 1
4. Click the Submit button (See Figure 4
)
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Figure 4: Assigning an IP address
Note: The user should be prepared to change the IP address of the management computer to one compatible with the new IP address assigned to the switch immediately after clicking the Submit button. If the IP address change was done in error, simply cycle the power to the switch and the default IP address will be restored.
To save the configuration changes:
Change the IP address of the management computer to one on the same subnet that
5. the switch was changed to.
6. Restart your Web Browser
7. Enter the new IP address of the switch into the Browser
8. Login using the user name root
9. Click on the + next to System
10. Click on Save configuration
11. Click on the Save Configuration button (See Figure 5
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Figure 5: Saving the Configuration

CLI COMMAND USAGE

This chapter describes accessing the EX24000 Switch by using Telnet, SSH, or serial ports to configure the switch, navigating the Command Line Interface (CLI), typing keyboard shortcuts, and moving between the levels. This chapter assumes the user has a working understanding of Telnet, SSH and Terminal emulation applications.
Note: For a serial port connection use a standard DB9F to DB9M Modem Cable. The
default Serial port parameters are 115200, 8 None 1, No Flow Control.

Navigating the CLI Hierarchy

The CLI is organized into a hierarchy of levels. Each level has a group of commands for a specific purpose. For example, to configure a setting for the VLAN server, one would navigate to the VLAN level, which is under the config level.
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CLI Keyboard Shortcuts

Ctrl + a: place cursor at the beginning of a line
Ctrl + b: backspace one character
Ctrl + d: delete one character
Ctrl + e: place cursor at the end of the line
Ctrl + f: move cursor forward one character
Ctrl + k: delete from the current position to the end of the line
Ctrl + l: redraw the command line
Ctrl + n: display the next line in the history
Ctrl + p: display the previous line in the history
Ctrl + u: delete entire line and place cursor at start of prompt
Ctrl + w: delete one word back
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CLI Command modes

Throughout this manual, each section that has CLI commands relevant to that section requires that the CLI be in a specific configuration mode. This section shows the main CLI commands to needed to enter a specific mode.

General Configuration Mode

To set the EX24000 Switch to General configuration mode, run the following commands from the CLI:
1. enable
2. configure terminal
Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#

MSTP Configuration Mode

To set the EX24000 Switch to General MSTP configuration mode, run the following commands from the CLI:
1. enable
2. configure terminal
3. spanning-tree mst configuration
Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#spanning-tree mst configuration switch_a(config-mst)#
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Interface Configuration Mode

InterfacemodeontheEX24000SwitchisusedtoconfiguretheEthernetportsandVLAN information.Validinterfacesare:
fe<port#>‐100mbportsusefefollowedbytheportnumber.Example:fe1
ge<port#>‐Gigabitportsusegefollowedbytheportnumber.Example:ge1
vlan1.<vlan#>‐VLAN’susevlan.Followedbyth
eVLANID.Example:vlan1.10
Example 1 configures 100mb port 1
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#interface fe1 switch_a(config-if)
Example 2 configures VLAN ID 9
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#interface vlan1.9 switch_a(config-if)

VLAN Database Configuration Mode

VLAN Database Configuration Mode ontheEX24000Switchisusedtoconfigurethe VLANsettings.
Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#vlan database switch_a(config-vlan)#

Saving a Configuration from the CLI

Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#write memory
Building configuration.....
[OK] switch_a#>
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SYSTEM MENU

System Information

The System information link on the Left menu of the Web Configuration page takes you to a page that shows the following (see Figure 6
System Name
o The System name is typically used by network administrators. If SNMP is
enabled on the switch, the system name can be found using MIB II (RFC1213) in the sysName property.
Firmware Version
):
o If SNMP is enabled on the switch, the Firmware version can be found using
MIB II in the sysDesc property
System Time
o System time can be change using NTP
MAC Address
o The hardware (MAC) address of the Management interface
Default Gateway
o The IP address of your networks Gateway (Typically a Router on your
network)
DNS Server
o The Dynamic Name Server (DNS) for your network
VLAN ID
o One or more listings depending on the number o VLANs defined on the
switch
o Lists VLAN ID, IP address, and subnet mask of the VLAN Interface(s)
Current User Information
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o Lists the current the currently logged in user and their user privileges
Figure 6: System Information
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System Name/Password

The System name is typically used by network administrators to make it easier to document a networks infrastructure and locate equipment on large networks. If SNMP is enabled on the switch, the system name can be found using MIB II (RFC1213) in the sysName property. To change the system name:
1. Click on the + next to System.
2. Click on System Name/Password (see Figure 7
).
3. Use your mouse to place the cursor in the System Name text box.
4. Replace the existing name with the name you want to assign to the switch.
5. Click on the Update Setting button.
By default there is no password assigned to the switch. To add or change a password:
1. Click on the + next to System.
2. Click on System Name/Password (see Figure 7
).
3. Use your mouse to place the cursor in the Password text box.
4. Enter the new password.
5. Retype the password in the Retype Password text box.
6. Click on the Update Setting button below the Retype Password text box.
Figure 7: System Name/Password
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IP Address

To navigate to the IP Address page:
1. Click on the + next to System
2. Click on IP Address (see Figure 8
There are 4 settings on this page:
Static IP (see Simple IP Addressing)
DHCP Client
Use this to enable or disable DHCP on a VLAN. To enable the DHCP Client:
1. Use the drop down box to enable the DHCP client on a particular VLAN
2. Click the Submit Button
Default Gateway
If DHCP is enabled, the gateway setting is controlled by the DHCP server. The setting will be grayed out and the gateway supplied by the DHCP server will be displayed. The default gateway setting can be used when using a Static IP address. To enable the default gateway:
1. Use the dropdown box to enable the default gateway.
2. Type in the default gateway in the Default Gateway text box.
)
DNS Server
If DHCP is enabled, the DNS Server setting is controlled by the DHCP server. The setting will be grayed out and the DNS Server supplied by the DHCP server will be displayed. The DNS Server setting can be used when using a Static IP address. To enable the DNS Server:
3. Click on the Submit button.
1. Use the dropdown box to enable the DNS Server.
2. Type in the default gateway in the Default Gateway text box.
3. Click on the Submit button.
Note: After making changes to settings in the IP address section, The
configuration needs to be saved using the System/Save configuration page (See Save Configuration
)
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Figure 8: IP Address
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Management Interface

To navigate to the Management Interface page:
1. Click on the + next to System
2. Click on Management Interface
The Management Interface configuration page has three settings that allow the user to configure the methods available to manage the EX24000 Switch.

HTTPS

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) allows the user to determine what method, if any, is used to configure the EX24000 Switch. The default is unencrypted HTTP (see Figure 9
).
To disable the Web interface:
1. Uncheck Http and Https.
2. Click on the Update setting button.
Warning! Once the Submit button is pressed, the Web console will no longer function. As a safety precaution, the configuration is not saved by default. Rebooting the EX24000 Switch will restore the Web Console. To save the configuration, connect using the new IP address.
To enable the Web Interface:
1. Check HTTP, HTTPS or both
2. Click on the Update Setting button.
3. Save the Configuration (see Save Configuration
)

Telnet.

Telnet is a network protocol that allows a remote computer to log into the EX24000 Switch to access its CLI (Command Line Interface). The CLI can be access using Telnet, SSH and the serial port on the EX24000 Switch. The secure method of accessing the CLI over a network is SSH.
To enable or disable Telnet:
1. Click the Enable or Disable radio button in the Telnet section on the Management Interface page (see Figure 9
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2. Click on the Update Setting button
3. Save the Configuration (see Save Configuration
)

SSH (Secure Shell)

Secure Shell or SSH is a network protocol that allows data to be exchanged using a secure channel between two networked devices such as a computer and the EX24000 Switch. SSH is disabled by default on the EX24000.
To enable or disable SSH:
1. Click the Enable or Disable radio button in the SSH section on the Management Interface page (see Figure 9
2. Click on the Update Setting button
3. Save the Configuration (see Save Configuration
)
)
Figure 9: Management Interface
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Save Configuration Page

To navigate to the Save Configuration page:
1. Click on the + next to System
2. Click on Save Configuration
The Save Configuration page contains the following configuration functions (see Figure 10

Save Configuration

To save the currently running configuration to the flash memory on the EX24000 Switch:
1. Click the Save Configuration button
2. If the save is successful you will see the message: Building configuration….. [OK]

Load Configuration

This function is used to load a previously saved configuration. Backing up and loading a configuration is achieved using a TFTP server.
To load a configuration:
1. Enter the IP address of your TFTP server in the TFTP Server text box
2. Enter the name of the configuration file in the FILE text box
3. Click on the Backup button
):
4. If the file is successfully loaded the following message will be shown: Success! System reboot is required!

Backup Configuration

This function is used to backup the current configuration of the EX24000 Switch. Backing up the configuration is achieved using a TFTP server such as TFTPD32.
To backup a configuration:
1. Enter the IP address of your TFTP server in the TFTP Server text box
2. Enter the name of the configuration file in the FILE text box
3. Click on the Backup button
4. If the backup is successful the following message will be shown: tftp <filename> to ip <ip address> success!!
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Restore Default

To restore the EX24000 to factory defaults:
1. Click on the Restore Default button.

Auto Save

The Auto Save function is used to set the switch to automatically save the configuration to flash. If the saved configuration is the same as the running configuration then a save is not made. The Auto Save interval is used to determine how often the running configuration is checked for changes.
To set the Auto Save function:
1. Click the dropdown box next to Auto Save.
2. Set the Auto Save interval (5~65535 sec)
Note: If a Firewall is running on the PC that is running the TFTP server it may need
to be temporarily disabled.
Figure 10: Save Configuration Page
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Firmware Upgrade

To navigate to the Firmware Upgrade page:
1. Click on the + next to System
2. Click on Firmware Upgrade
To upgrade the firmware on the EX24000 Switch, a TFTP server is required. The firmware file for the EX24000 is in a .TGZ format. This is a compressed file; however, it does not need to be decompressed before updating the EX24000.
To update the firmware on the EX24000 Switch (see Figure 11
):
1. Copy the firmware file to the correct directory for your TFTP server. The correct directory depends on your TFTP server settings
2. Enter the filename of the firmware in the Filename text box.
3. Enter the IP Address of your TFTP server in the TFTP Server IP text box.
4. Click on the Upgrade button.
5. During the firmware upgrade you will see the following messages. Do not reboot or unplug the switch until the final message is received.
a. Downloading now, please wait... b. tftp <filename>.tgz from ip <ip address> success!!
Install now. This may take several minutes, please wait...
c. Firmware upgrade success!
Note: If a Firewall is running on the PC that is running the TFTP server it may need to
be temporarily disabled.
Figure 11: Firmware Upgrade Page
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Reboot

To navigate to the Reboot page:
1. Click on the + next to System
2. Click on Reboot
To reboot the EX24000 Switch:
1. Click on the Reboot button.
2. Click OK on the popup message.

Logout

To logout of the Web Configuration Console:
1. Click on the + next to System
2. Click on Logout
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DIAGNOSTICS

Utilization

To navigate to the Utilization page:
1. Click on the + next to Diagnostics.
2. Click on Utilization.
The Utilization page shows (see Figure 12
CPU Utilization – Current and Max Utilization
Memory Utilization – Total, Used and Free Memory
Port Utilization – Received(%), Transmit(%), RX Broadcast (Packets/s) and RX
Multicast (Packets/s)
):
Figure 12: Utilization Page
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System Log

To navigate to the System Log page:
1. Click on the + next to Diagnostics.
2. Click on System Log.
The System Log shows the data and time of port links going up or down (see Figure 13
Figure 13: System Log
)
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Remote Logging

To navigate to the Remote Logging page:
1. Click on the + next to Diagnostics.
2. Click on Remote Logging.
Remote Logging to a Syslog server allows administrators to log important system and debugging information. The Remote Logging configuration page allows reporting to a Syslog server to be enabled or disabled as well as management of a list of Syslog servers to report to (see Figure 14
To configure the Remote Logging on the EX24000 Switch:
1. Click on the Enable or Disable radio button under Remote Logging.
2. Click on the Update Setting button.
To add a Syslog server:
).
1. Enter the IP Address of the Syslog Server in the Syslog Server IP text box.
2. Click on the Add Syslog Server button.
To delete a Syslog server from the list of servers currently on the switch:
1. Select the Syslog server from the Drop down box
2. Click on the Delete Syslog Server button
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Figure 14: Remote Logging Page
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ARP Table

To navigate to the ARP Table page:
1. Click on the + next to Diagnostics.
2. Click on ARP Table.
The ARP Table page shows ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) entries that are stored in the Switches ARP Table. This is useful for System Administrators for troubleshooting purposes. The information shown is:
IP Address of the listed device
Hardware Address – For Ethernet devices this will always be 1.
Flags
o 2 = Device responded to ARP Request o 0 = No response to ARP Request
Hardware Address – MAC Address of the listed device
VLAN – The VLAN that the listed device is on
Figure 15: ARP Table
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Route Table

To navigate to the Route Table page:
1. Click on the + next to Diagnostics.
2. Click on Route Table.
The Route Table lists the routes to network destinations and metrics (distances) that are associated with those routes. The Route Table contains information about the topology of the network around it.
Figure 16: Route Table
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PORT

Configuration

To navigate to the Configuration page:
1. Click on the + next to Port.
2. Click on Configuration.
Port configuration contains such useful features as flow control, port speed, and duplex settings. Some users will find these settings very valuable such as when the switch is connect to a latency-critical device such as a VOIP phone or IP camera or video multiplexor. In these cases and others the ability to alter the port settings can make the difference between a poorly responding device and one that functions without loss of data or clarity.
.The Configuration page shows (see Figure 17
Port Number – Current and Max Utilization
Link Status – Operational State of the Port’s Link (Read-Only)
Port Description – User-supplied Port Description
Admin Setting – Administratively Enable or Disable the Port.
Speed – Speed and Duplex Settings for Port.
Flow Control – State of Flow Control for the Port.
To provide a description to a port on the EX24000 Switch:
1. Click in the Description text box for the appropriate port.
2. Type in the description of the port.
3. Click on the Submit button.
To enable or disable a port on the EX24000 Switch:
):
1. Click on the drop-down box under Admin Setting and select either Link Up or Link Down.
2. Click on the Submit button.
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To set the Port Speed and/or Port Duplex Settings on the EX24000 Switch:
1. Click on the drop-down box under Speed and select the desired port speed / duplex settings for that port. Please note, not all port types will have the same options. For example, 100Mb fiber ports will typically be limited to a single option of 100M/FD (100Mbps and Full Duplex) while running 1Gb UTP ports will have six options for speed/duplex.
2. Click on the Submit button.
To enable or disable a port’s Flow Control settings on the EX24000 Switch:
1. Click on the drop-down box under Flow Control and select either Enable or Disable.
2. Click on the Submit button.
Figure 17: Port Configuration
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Port Status
To navigate to the Port Status page:
1. Click on the + next to Port.
2. Click on Port Status.
This page is a read-only page that lists the settings described in the previous section. It is useful if all the user intends to do is read the values of the port settings, not modify the port settings. .The Port Status page shows (see Figure 18
Port Number – Current and Max Utilization
Link Status – Operational State of the Port’s Link.
Port Description – User-supplied Port Description
Admin Setting – Administratively State of the Port.
):
Speed – Speed and Duplex Settings for Port.
Flow Control – State of Flow Control for the Port.
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Figure 18: Port Status

Rate Control

To navigate to the Rate Control page:
1. Click on the + next to Port.
2. Click on Rate Control.
The Rate Control page allows the user to set the maximum throughput on a port or ports on both packets entering the port (from the connected device) or packets leaving the port.
The Ingress text box controls the rate of data traveling into the port while the Egress text box controls the rate of data leaving the port.
Note: Entries will be rounded down to the nearest acceptable rate value. If the value
entered is below the lowest acceptable value then the lowest acceptable value will be used.
The Rate Control page is shown below (see Figure 19
):
To provide either an ingress or egress rate control for a port on the EX24000 Switch:
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1. Click in the Ingress or Egress Text Box for the appropriate port.
2. Type in the ingress/egress rate for the port according to the values listed above.
. Click on the Update Setting button.
3
Figure 19: Rate Control

RMON Statistics

To navigate to the RMON Statistics
1. Click on the + next to Port.
2. Click on RMON Statistics.
RMON Statistics gives a detailed listing of the types and quantity o port has seen since the last reboot of the switch (see Figure 20
To view the RMON statistics for a particular port on the EX24000 Switch:
1. Click on the link to the port at the top of the RMON Statistics page.
To clear the RMON statistics for a particular port on the EX24000 Switch:
1. Click on the link to the port at the top of the RMON Statistics page.
2. Click on the Clear button at the bottom of the page.
page:
f packets that a particular
).
3. The statistics for the port will update every ten seconds.
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Pay particular attention to the values for CRC/Alignment errors and collisions. Nonzero
values for these fields can indicate that a port speed or duplex mismatch exists on the port.
Figure 20: RMON Page

Per Port VLAN Activities

To navigate to the Per Port VLAN Activities page:
1. Click on the + next to Port.
2. Click on Per Port VLAN Activities.
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This is a read-only page that will allow the user to see what devices are connected to a particular port and the vlan associated with that device and port.
To clear the MAC addresses for a particular port on the EX24000 Switch (see Figure 21
1. Click on the link to the port at the top of the Per Port VLAN Activities page.
2. Click on the Clear MAC button at the bottom of the page.
3. The statistics for the port will update every ten seconds.
):
Figure 21: Port VLAN Activities

Port Security Dynamic-MAC

To navigate to the Port Security Dynamic-MAC page:
1. Click on the + next to Port.
2. Click on Port Security Dynamic-MAC.
The Port Security Dynamic-MAC submenu allows the user to control access to the ports on the switch based on the source MAC addresses of the network devices. You specify the maximum number of source MAC addresses that ports can learn. Ports that learn their maximum number of addresses discard packets that have new, unknown addresses, preventing access to the switch by any additional devices.
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The Error Disable Recovery time value is a global value and represents the time that must elapse for a port to return to a normal operating state after an MAC access error is detected on that port.
To update the Error Disable Recovery time on the EX24000 Switch (see Figure 22
1. Click in the Error Disable Recovery text box at the top of the Port Security Dynamic-MAC page.
2. Type in the desired value. Values can be from 0 to 65535 seconds. A value of 0 indicates that a port in an error condition is not to return to normal operating condition until an administrator resets the port or the switch is restarted..
3. Click on the Update Setting button at the bottom of the page.
To set the Dynamic MAC Security for a port on the EX24000 Switch (see Figure 22
1. Click the Enable checkbox for the port or ports that are to be protected.
2. Type in a value for the Max-Counts field for the protected ports. This is the number of dynamically learned MAC addresses that can be accommodated by the port. For example, if the Max-Counts field is set to five, the port can learn up to five MAC addresses.
3. Select a Violation action from the Violation drop-down menu. The options are::
a. Shutdown – When an unknown MAC address arrives at the port, the port is
disabled and a SNMP trap is generated.
):
):
b. Restrict – The port discard those frames that have unknown MAC addresses
and an SNMP trap is generated when a packet with an unknown MAC address shows up on the port.
c. Protect – The port discards those frames that have unknown MAC addresses.
4. Click on the Submit button.
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Figure 22: Port Security
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Port Configuration Examples Using CLI Commands

For more information on CLI command usage see CLI Command Usage.

Setting the Port Description

To provide a description of a port use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Interface Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: description <description text>
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#int fe1 switch_a(config-if)#description A_Port_Description switch_a(config)#q switch_a(config)#q switch_a#

Enable or Disable a Port

To administratively enable or disable a port use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Interface Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax:
shutdown no shutdown
Usage Example 1: Disabling a port:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#int fe1 switch_a(config-if)#shutdown switch_a(config)#q switch_a(config)#q switch_a#
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Usage Example 2: Enabling a port:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#int fe1 switch_a(config-if)#no shutdown switch_a(config)#q switch_a(config)#q switch_a#

Setting the Port Speed

To set the port speed for a port use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Interface Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: bandwidth <1-10000000000 bits> (usable units : k, m, g)
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#int fe1 switch_a(config-if)#bandwidth 100m switch_a(config)#q switch_a(config)#q switch_a#

Setting Port Duplex

To set the duplex for a port use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Interface Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: duplex <full | half | auto>
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#int fe1 switch_a(config-if)#duplex full switch_a(config)#q
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switch_a(config)#q switch_a#

Enable or Disable Port FlowControl

To enable or disable flowcontrol for a port use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Interface Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: flowcontrol on
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#int fe1 switch_a(config-if)#flowcontrol on switch_a(config)#q switch_a(config)#q switch_a#

Display Port Status

To display the port status for a port use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Privileged Exec Mode
CLI Command Syntax: show interface <ifname>
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#show interface fe1

Setting a Ports Rate Control

To set a ports rate control use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Interface Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: rate-control <ingress | egress> value <value in kbps>
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#int fe1 switch_a(config-if)#rate-control ingress value 100000
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switch_a(config)#q switch_a(config)#q switch_a#

Display a Ports RMON Statistics

To display a ports RMON statistics use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Privileged Exec Mode
CLI Command Syntax: show interface statistics <interface name>
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#show interface statistics fe1 switch_a#

Display a Ports VLAN Activities

To display a port’s VLAN activities use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Privileged Exec Mode
CLI Command Syntax: show bridge interface <interface name>
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#show bridge interface fe1 switch_a#

Setting Dynamic MAC Port Security

To set Dynamic MAC port security use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Interface Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: port-security dynamic-mac enable
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#int fe1 switch_a(config-if)# port-security dynamic-mac enable switch_a(config)#q
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switch_a(config)#q switch_a#
To set Dynamic MAC maximum number of addresses use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Interface Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: port-security dynamic-mac maximum <value>
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#int fe1 switch_a(config-if)# port-security dynamic-mac maximum 32 switch_a(config)#q switch_a(config)#q switch_a#
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SWITCHING

Bridging

To learn MAC addresses, a switch reads all packets that it detects on the LAN or on the local VLAN, looking for MAC addresses of sending nodes. It places these addresses into its Ethernet Switching table, along with the interface on which the traffic was received and the time when the address was learned. When the switch receives traffic on an interface, it searches the Ethernet switching table for the MAC address of the destination. If the MAC address is not found, the traffic is flooded out all of the other interfaces associated with the VLAN. If traffic is received on an interface that is associated with VLAN 1 and there is no entry in the Ethernet switching table for VLAN 1, then the traffic is flooded to all access and trunk interfaces that are members of VLAN 1.
Flooding allows the switch to learn about destinations that are not yet in its Ethernet switching table. If a certain destination MAC address is not in the Ethernet switching table, the switch floods the traffic to all interfaces except the interface on which it was received. When the destination node receives the flooded traffic, it sends an acknowledgment packet back to the switch, allowing the switch to learn the MAC address of the node and to add the address to its Ethernet switching table.
The switch uses a process called aging to keep the Ethernet switching table current. For each MAC address in the Ethernet switching table, the switch records a timestamp of when the information about the network node was learned. Each time the switch detects traffic from a MAC address that is in its Ethernet switching table, it updates the timestamp of that MAC address. A timer on the switch periodically checks the timestamp, and if it is older than the value set for mac-table-aging-time, the switch removes the node's MAC address from the Ethernet switching table. This aging process ensures that the switch tracks only active MAC addresses on the network and that it is able to flush out from the Ethernet switching table MAC addresses that are no longer available.
The user can configure:
How long MAC addresses remain in the Ethernet switching table
Add a MAC address permanently to the switching table
Prevent a MAC address from ever being registered in the switching table.
To navigate to the Bridging page:
1. Click on the + next to Switching.
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2. Click on Bridging.

Aging Time

The Aging Time value is a global value and represents the time that a networked device’s MAC address will live in the switch’s memory before being removed. The default value is 300s (5 minutes) (see Figure 23
To update the Aging Time value on the EX24000 Switch:
1. Click in the Error Disable Recovery text box at the top of the Port Security Dynamic­MAC page.
2. Type in the desired value. Values can be from 0 to 65535 seconds. A value of 0 indicates that the port is not to return to normal operating condition until an administrator resets the port or the switch is restarted.
3. Click on the Update Setting button.
).

Port Isolation

The Port Isolation setting is a per port value. Port Isolation can be used to isolate a port or ports so that only the isolated ports can communicate with one another (see Figure 23
).
To update the Port Isolation value for a port on the EX24000 Switch:
1. Click on the Port Isolation drop-down box for the port to be isolated.
2. Select the value enable on the Port Isolation drop-down box.
3. Click on the Update Setting button.
4. Repeat as necessary for all ports that are to be isolated.

Block Multicast

The Block Multicast setting is a per port value. Block Multicast is a straight-forward description of a feature that is used to block multicast traffic from accessing a port (see
Figure 23
To update the Block Multicast value for a port on the EX24000 Switch:
).
1. Click on the Block Multicast drop-down box for the port to be isolated.
2. Select the value enable on the Block Multicast drop-down box.
3. Click on the Update Setting button.
4. Repeat as necessary for all ports that are to have multicast traffic blocked.
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Figure 23: Bridging
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Loopback Detect

Loopback detection is quite simply the ability of the switch to detect when a port on the switch has been connected directly (or “looped back”) to another port on the switch. This configuration would likely lead to a broadcast storm on the switch which would cause network performance to suffer. Loopback detection offers the ability of the switch to detect this condition and shutdown the loop-backed port before any disruption of network traffic occurs.
To navigate to the Loopback Detect page:
1. Click on the + next to Switching.
2. Click on Loopback Detect.

Enabling Loopback Detection (Global)

To globally enable the Loopback Detect feature of the EX24000 Switch (see Figure 24):
1. Click on the Loopback Detect drop-down box.
2. Select Enable from the drop down list.
3. Click on the Update Setting button.

Changing the Loopback Detect Action

To change the action that the switch takes when a loopback condition is detected (see
Figure 24
):
1. Choose an action from the Loopback Detect Action dropdown list. The available options are None and Error Disable.
2. Click on the Update Setting button.

Changing the Loopback Detect Recovery Time

To change the length of time that the Loopback Detect Action will stay in effect (see Figure
24
):
1. Enter a value in the text box next to Error Disable Recovery. Valid values range from 0 to 65535 seconds.
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2. Click on the Update Setting button.

Changing the Polling Interval

To change the polling interval of the Loopback Detect function (see Figure 24):
1. Enter a value in the text box next to Interval. Valid values range from 1 to 65535 seconds.
2. Click on the Update Setting button.
Figure 24: Loopback Detection
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Enabling Loopback Detection (Per Port)

To enable Loopback Detection for a particular port or ports on the EX24000 switch (see
Figure 25
):
1. Select the value Enable from the Mode drop down list for a port on the Loopback Detect page.
2. Click on the Update Setting button.
Figure 25:Loopback Detection (port)
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Storm Detect

This feature allows the user to regulate the reception rate of broadcast and multicast packets on a port-by-port basis. This setting can be useful in allowing a user to prevent a switch port from being overwhelmed with broadcast or multicast traffic (see Figure 26
To navigate to the Storm Detect page:
1. Click on the + next to Switching.
2. Click on Storm Detect.

Enabling Storm Detect Configuration (Global)

).
To globally enable the Storm Detect Configuration feature of the EX24000 Switch (see
Figure 26
):
1. Click on the Loopback Detect Configuration drop-down box.
2. Select Enable from the drop down list.
3. Click on the Submit button.

Changing the Storm Detect Interval

To change the interval of the Storm Detect function (see Figure 26):
1. Enter a value in the text box next to Interval. Valid values range from 2 to 65535
seconds.
2. Click on the Submit button.

Changing the Storm Detect Error Disable Recovery Time

To change the length of time that the Storm Detect Error Disable Recovery will stay in effect (see Figure 26
):
1. Enter a value in the text box next to Error Disable Recovery. Valid values range
from 0 to 65535 seconds.
2. Click on the Submit button.
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To update the Storm Detect by utilization (%) of a port on the EX24000 Switch:
1. Click in the By Utilization text box for a particular port.
2. Type in the desired value. Values can be from 0 to 100. This value is a percentage of allowable storm traffic for this port. Once this percentage of traffic is exceeded, all storm traffic beyond this percentage is dropped.
3. Click on the Submit button.
To update the Storm Detect by Broadcast (or Multicast + Broadcast) packets per second of a port on the EX24000 Switch:
1. Click on the Loopback Detect By Broadcast / Multicast + Broadcast Packets Per Second drop-down box.
2. Select BC (Broadcast) or MC-BC (Multicast + Broadcast) from the drop down list.
3. Click in the By Broadcast / Multicast + Broadcast Packets Per Second text box for a particular port.
4. Type in the desired value. Values can be from 0 to 100000. This value is an allowable Broadcast (or Multicast + Broadcast) packets per second for this port. Once this value of traffic is exceeded, all Broadcast (or Multicast + Broadcast) traffic beyond this value is dropped.
5. Click on the Submit button.
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Figure 26: Storm Detect
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Static MAC Entry

Occasionally, it may be useful to specify a MAC address on a particular port and VLAN rather than adjusting the ageing time for the entire switch. Alternatively, it is also possible and even desirable to prevent a MAC address from ever being registered with a switch. These features are offered under the Static MAC Entry menu.
To navigate to the Static MAC Entry menu:
1. Click on the + next to Switching.
2. Click on Static MAC Entry.

Adding a Static MAC Address to a Port

To add a static MAC entry for a particular port (see Figure 27):
1. Enter the MAC address for end the corresponding port’s text box. The format of the MAC address should be in the form aaaa:bbbb:cccc).
2. Select the VLAN that this MAC address is associated with from the VLAN ID drop down list for the port.
3. Click on the Submit button.
Figure 27: MAC Static Entry
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Removing a Static MAC Address from a Port

To remove a static MAC entry for a particular port (see Figure 28):
1. For a particular port, select the MAC address to be deleted from the Delete MAC Address drop down box.
2. Click on the Submit button.
Figure 28: Removing a Static MAC

Adding a MAC to the Static-MAC-Entry Discard Table

To add a MAC address to the Static-MAC-Entry Discard table (see Figure 29):
1. Enter a MAC address in the form “0000.1234.abdc” in the Add MAC Address text box of the Static-MAC-Entry-Discard section.
2. Select the VLAN associated with the MAC address.
3. It should be noted that while static MAC address for forwarding are associated with the switch on a per-port basis. Static MAC discards are associated with the switch for all ports.
4. Click on the Submit button.
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Figure 29: Adding a MAC – Static-MAC-Entry Table

Removing a MAC address from the Static-MAC-Entry Discard Table

To remove a MAC address from the Static-MAC-Entry Discard table (see Figure 30):
1. From the drop down box underneath Delete MAC Address, select the MAC address to be deleted.
2. Click on the Submit button.
Figure 30: Deleting a MAC – Static-MAC-Entry Table
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Port Mirroring

Port mirroring allows network traffic from one port to be copied or mirrored to another port. This is a very useful troubleshooting feature in that all data from one port is sent to another port which is attached to a computer or other network device that is configured to capture packets. This enables a network administrator or technician to see the traffic that is entering or leaving a particular port without disrupting normal network operations on the port that is being mirrored.
To navigate to the Port Mirroring menu:
1. Click on the + next to Switching.
2. Click on Port Mirroring.
To configure port mirroring for a port or ports on the EX24000 switch (see Figure 31
1. Select the port or ports that traffic is to be mirrored from under the Mirror From column.
2. Select the destination port under the Mirror To drop down box.
3. Select the type of traffic that should be mirrored from the Mirror Mode drop down box. The available options are:
a. TX – transmit only
b. RX – Receive Only
c. TX/RX – Transmit and Receive.
4. Click on the Submit button.
):
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Figure 31: Port Mirroring
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To disable port mirroring for a port or ports on the EX24000 switch (see Figure 32):
1. Under the Current Settings section, the current port mirroring configuration should be displayed.
2. Click on the Delete button.
.
Figure 32: Disabling Port Mirrorin
g

Link State Tracking

Link-state tracking binds the link state of multiple interfaces. Link-state tracking provides redundancy in the network when used with server network interface card (NIC) adapter teaming or bonding. When the server network adapters are configured in a primary or secondary relationship known as teaming and the link is lost on the primary interface, connectivity transparently changes to the secondary interface.
To navigate to the Link State Tracking menu:
1. Click on the + next to Switching.
2. Click on Link State Tracking.

Enable/Disable Link State Tracking

To enable Link State Tracking for a particular group on the EX24000 Switch (see Figure 33):
1. Under Group Setting, click the check box of the Link State groups that are to be enabled (or disabled).
2. Click on Update Setting.
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Figure 33: Link State Tracking

Port Settings

To configure individual ports for a Link State group on the EX24000 switch (see Figure 34):
1. Under Port Setting, select the Link State Group that the port will belong to from the Group drop down box
2. Select if the port is upstream or downstream from the Up/Down Stream)drop down box.
3. Click on Update Setting.
Figure 34: Link State Tracking – Port Settings
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PoE
To navigate to the PoE page:
1. Click on the + next to Switching.
2. Click on PoE.

Changing the System Power Budget (Global)

To change the System Power Budget (see Figure 35):
1. Enter a value in the text box next to System Power Budget.
2. Click on the Submit button.

Enabling Enable Mode (Per Port)

To enable Enable Mode for a particular port or ports on the EX24000 switch (see Figure 35):
1. Select the value Enable from the Enable Mode drop down list for a port on the PoE page.
2. Click on the Submit button.

Changing the Fixed Power Limit (Per Port)

To change the Fixed Power Limit (see Figure 35):
1. Enter a value in the text box next to Fixed Power Limit.
2. Click on the Submit button.

Enabling Power Priority (Per Port)

To enable Power Priority for a particular port or ports on the EX24000 switch (see Figure
35
):
1. Select the value from the Power Priority drop down list for a port on the PoE page.
2. Click on the Submit button.
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Figure 35: PoE

PoE Scheduling

To navigate to the PoE Scheduling page:
1. Click on the + next to Switching.
2. Click on PoE Scheduling.

Enabling PoE Scheduling (Per Port)

To enable PoE Scheduling for a particular port or ports on the EX24000 switch (see Figure
36):
1.
Select the port from the Port drop down list for a port on the PoE Scheduling page.
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2. Check time box from Sunday to Saturday.
3. Click on the Submit button.
Figure 36: PoE Scheduling
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Switch Configuration Examples Using CLI Commands

For more information on CLI command usage see CLI Command Usage.

Setting the Aging Time Value

To update the Aging Time value on the EX24000 Switch, use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: General Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: bridge 1 ageing-time (time in ms)
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#bridge 1 ageing time 300 switch_a(config)#q switch_a#

Enabling Port Isolation

To enable Port Isolation for a port on the EX24000 Switch, use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Interface Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: port-isolation enable
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a#configure interface fe1 switch_a(config)#port-isolation enable switch_a(config)#q switch_a(config)#q switch_a#
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Enabling Block Multicast

To enable Block Multicast for a port on the EX24000 Switch, use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Interface Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: switchport block multicast
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a#configure interface fe1 switch_a(config)#switchport block multicast switch_a(config)#q switch_a(config)#q switch_a#

Setting Storm Detect by Utilization

To set the percentage for the Storm Detect by Utilization of a port on the EX24000 Switch, use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Interface Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: storm-detect utilization <0-100>
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a#configure interface fe1 switch_a(config-if)#storm-detect utilization 10 switch_a(config-if)#q switch_a(config)#q switch_a#
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Enabling Loopback Detect (Global)

To enable Loopback Detect on the EX24000 Switch, use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: General Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: bridge 1 loopback-detect <enable | disable>
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#bridge 1 loopback-detect enable switch_a(config)#q switch_a#

Setting the Loopback Detect Action

To set the action for Loopback Detect on the EX24000 Switch, use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: General Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: bridge 1 loopback-detect action <err-disable | none>
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#bridge 1 loopback-detect action err-disable switch_a(config)#q switch_a#

Setting the Loopback Detect Recovery Time

To set the recovery time for Loopback Detect on the EX24000 Switch, use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: General Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: bridge 1 loopback-detect errdisable-recovery <0-65535>
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#bridge 1 loopback-detect errdisable-recovery 30 switch_a(config)#q switch_a#
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Setting the Loopback Detect Polling Interval

To set the polling interval for Loopback Detect on the EX24000 Switch, use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: General Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: bridge 1 loopback-detect interval <1-65535>
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#bridge 1 loopback-detect interval 5 switch_a(config)#q switch_a#

Enabling Loopback Detect (Port)

To enable Loopback Detection on a port on the EX24000 Switch, use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Interface Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: loopback-detect enable
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a#interface fe1 switch_a(config)# loopback-detect enable switch_a(config)#q switch_a(config)#q switch_a#
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Adding a MAC Address for Static-MAC-Entry Forwarding

To add a MAC address for Static-MAC-Entry Forwarding for a port on the EX24000 Switch, use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: General Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax:
bridge 1 address <mac address> forward <interface> vlan <vlan id>
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)# bridge 1 address 00e0.abcd.1245 forward fe1 vlan 1 switch_a(config)#q switch_a#

Adding a MAC Address for Static-MAC-Entry Discarding

To add a MAC address for Static-MAC-Entry Discarding for a port on the EX24000 Switch, use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: General Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: bridge 1 address <mac address> discard vlan <vlan id>
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)# bridge 1 address 00e0.abcd.1245 discard vlan 1 switch_a(config)#q switch_a#
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Configuring Port Mirroring

To configure a port for Port Mirroring on the EX24000 Switch, use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Interface Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: mirror interface <interface> direction <both | tx | rx>
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a#interface ge1 switch_a(config)# mirror interface fe1 direction both switch_a(config)#q switch_a(config)#q switch_a#

Enabling a Link State Tracking Group

To enable a Link State Tracking Group on the EX24000 Switch, use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: General Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: link state track <group #>
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)# link state track 4 switch_a(config)#q switch_a#
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Assigning a Port to a Link State Tracking Group

To assign a port to a Link State Tracking group on the EX24000 Switch, use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Interface Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: link state group <group #> <upstream | downstream>
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a#interface fe1 switch_a(config)# link state group 4 downstream switch_a(config)#q switch_a(config)#q switch_a#
Setting the System Power Budget
To update the Sysem Power Budget value on the EX24000 Switch, use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: General Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: poe system-power-budget <LEVEL>
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)# poe system-power-budget 246 switch_a(config)#q switch_a#
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TRUNKING

Overview

Port Trunking refers to the use of multiple network connections in parallel to increase the link speed beyond the limits of any one single cable or port. This is commonly called link aggregation. These aggregated links may be used to interconnect switches or to connect high-capacity servers to a network.
The EtherWAN EX24000 Switch supports up to six trunks for 100Mbps ports and up to two gigabit trunks. Each 100Mbps trunk can be composed of up to eight 100Mbps ports while each gigabit trunk can support up to four gigabit ports.
There are two popular types of port trunking, static and link aggregation control protocol (LACP). We will take a minute to discuss both types of trunking and why one would want to use them.

Static Channel Trunking

Originally specified in the IEEE802.3AD specification and now in the IEEE
802.1AX2008 specification, this type of trunking is the most basic and easiest to understand. It simply is the aggregation of two or more Ethernet links to form a virtual link equivalent in bandwidth to the sum of its individual links. For example, if one had four 100Mbps Ethernet links composing a single static channel, the overall bandwidth of the static channel would be 400Mbps.
Prioritization of data through the channel is simple as well. When one of the links of the channel becomes saturated the excess data spills over into the remaining channels. For example, if one were sending a constant stream of data at 250Mbps through a static channel composed of 4 individual 100Mbps links, the first two links of the channel would be completely saturated while the half of the third channel would be utilized and none of the forth channel would be used.

Link Aggregation Control Protocol

Within the IEEE specification, the Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) provides a method to control the bundling of several physical ports together to form a single logical channel. LACP allows a network device to negotiate an automatic bundling of links by sending LACP packets to the peer (directly connected device that also implements LACP). This means that both sides of the LACP channel must be configured for LACP which implies both devices must support it.
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LACP also has a couple of very important advantages over static channel:
Failover when a link fails and there is (for example) a media converter between
the devices which means that the peer will not see the link down. With static link aggregation the peer would continue sending traffic down the link causing it to be lost.
The device can confirm that the configuration at the other end can handle link
aggregation. With Static link aggregation a cabling or configuration mistake could go undetected and cause undesirable network behavior.

Port Trunking

To navigate to the Port Trunking menu:
1. Click on the + next to Trunking.
2. Click on Port Trunking.
To create a static trunk consisting of 100Mbps ports (see Figure 37
):
1. Click on the checkbox for each desired port in a particular trunk.
2. Click on the Submit button.
To create a static trunk consisting of 1000Mbps ports (see Figure 37
):
1. In the GE Trunking section, click on the checkbox for each desired port in a particular trunk.
2. Click on the Submit button.
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Figure 37: Port Trunki
ng

LACP Trunking

To navigate to the LACP Trunking menu:
1. Click on the + next to Trunking.
2. Click on LACP Trunking.
To create a LACP trunk (see Figure 38
1. In the Trunk Configuration section, select a port in the LACP trunk.
2. Select LACP from the Trunk Type dropdown box for this port.
3. Enter an admin key for this port in the Admin Key textbox. 100Mbps ports admin keys must be between 1-6 and 1Gbps ports must be between 7-8.
4. Select the LACP Mode to either Active or Passive.
):
5. Enter a value in the Port Priority textbox.
6. Select a Timeout value of Short or Long.
7. Click on the Submit button.
8. Repeat steps 1-7 for each additional port that is to be used in the trunk.
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Figure 38: LACP Trunking
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Trunking Configuration Examples Using CLI Commands

For more information on CLI command usage see CLI Command Usage.

Adding an Interface to a Static Trunk

To add an interface to a static trunk on the EX24000 Switch, use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Interface Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax:
static-channel-group <static channel> (1-6 for 100Mbps, 7-8 for 1Gbps ports)
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#interface fe1 switch_a(config)#static-channel-group 1 switch_a(config)#q switch_a(config)#q switch_a#

Adding an Interface to a LACP Trunk

To add an interface to a LACP trunk on the EX24000 Switch, use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Interface Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax:
channel-group <LACP Channel> mode <active | passive>
(LACP Channel is 1-6 for 100Mbps, 7-8 for 1Gbps ports)
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#interface fe1 switch_a(config)# channel-group 2 mode passive switch_a(config)#q switch_a(config)#q switch_a#
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Setting the LACP Port Priority

To set the port priority for an interface attached to a LACP trunk on the EX24000 Switch, use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Interface Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: lacp port-priority <1 - 65535>
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#interface fe1 switch_a(config)# lacp port-priority 1 switch_a(config)#q switch_a(config)#q switch_a#

Setting the LACP Timeout

To set the timeout for an interface attached to a LACP trunk on the EX24000 Switch, use the CLI commands below:
CLI Command Mode: Interface Configuration Mode
CLI Command Syntax: lacp timeout <long | short>
Usage Example:
switch_a>enable switch_a#configure terminal switch_a(config)#interface fe1 switch_a(config)# lacp timeout long switch_a(config)#q switch_a(config)#q switch_a#
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STP/RING PAGE – OVERVIEW

Choosing the Spanning Tree Protocols

The Spanning Tree algorithm works by designating a single switch (The Root Bridge) in the network, as the root or the parent to all the switches. All the switches in the network will use the same algorithm to form unique paths all the way back to the Root Bridge. Some switches establish a blocking point (a port on a switch) somewhere along the path to prevent a loop. There are 3 versions of the Spanning Tree protocol, STP, RSTP, MSTP, and they are all backwards compatible with each other.

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

This is the original Spanning Tree protocol, and it has been supersede by both the RSTP and MSTP protocol. It is based on a network with a maximum diameter of no more than 17 switches. It uses timers to synchronize any changes in the network topology, and this could take minutes. It is not recommended that you use this version of the Spanning Tree protocol.

Rapid Spanning Tree protocol (RSTP)

The RSTP protocol is the new enhanced version of the original STP protocol. It uses an enhanced negotiation mechanism to directly synchronize any topology changes between switches; it no longer uses timers as in the original STP protocol, which results in a faster re-convergence time. The maximum allowed network diameter for the RSTP protocol is 40 switches.

Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP)

The MSTP protocol extends the RSTP protocol by simultaneously running multiple instances of the Spanning Tree Protocol and mapping different VLANs to each instance, thus providing load balance across multiple switches. The MSTP protocol accomplishes this by creating new extended sections within the RSTP protocol, called Regions. Each region runs its own instance of the Spanning Tree Protocol. Within each Region, the MSTP protocol can accommodate a network diameter of up to 40 switches. There can be a maximum of 40 Regions in a single MSTP network.
Note: If a faster recovery time is required, EtherWAN’s proprietary α-Ring provides a recovery time of <15MS with up to 250 switches. See STP/Ring Page - Alpha Ring
on page 123 for more information.
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STP/RING PAGE - CONFIGURING RSTP

Global Configuration Page

To navigate to the STP/Ring Global Configuration page:
1. Click on the + next to STP/Ring.
2. Click on Global Configuration.

Enabling the RSTP Protocol

RSTP is enabled by Default. If RSTP has been disabled and you wish to enable it (see
Figure 39
):
1. Click the dropdown box next to Spanning Tree Protocol and choose Enable.
2. Click on the dropdown box next to STP Version and select RSTP.
3. Click on the Update Setting button.

Additional Global Configuration page settings

Bridge Priority – Bridge Priority is used to set the Root and backup Root Bridge.
For more details see The Root Bridge & Backup Root Bridge
o Default is 32768. Range is 0 to 61440.
Hello Time – This tells how often a BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit) is sent
(see Bridge Protocol Data Units
Max Age – Default is 20. Hop count limit for BPDU packets (see Setting the MAX
Age, Forward Delay and Hello Timer
Forward Delay - Default is 15 sec.
Note: Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) are frames that contain information
about the Spanning tree protocol (STP). Switches send BPDUs using a unique MAC address from its origin port and a multicast address as destination MAC (01:80
:C2:00:00:00). There are three kinds of BPDUs:
). Default is 2 seconds. Range is 1 to 10 seconds.
),
.
Configuration BPDU, used by Spanning Tree Protocol to provide information to
all switches.
TCN (Topology change), tells about changes in the topology.
TCA (Topology change Acknowledgment), confirm the reception of the TCN.
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Figure 39: STP/Ring Global Configuration
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The Root Bridge & Backup Root Bridge

To configure the Spanning Tree protocol on your network, you will need to setup a Root Bridge and Backup Root Bridge. In order to configure a switch to be the Root Bridge of a Spanning Tree network, you have to make sure that the Bridge Priority (which is the most significant 4 bits of the Bridge ID) of the switch is the lowest among any of the switches on the network. Similarly for the Backup Root Bridge, it must have the next lowest Bridge Priority of all the switches.
Note: Since the Bridge Priority is the most significant 4 bit of the Bridge ID, the
lowest Bridge Priority will always be the Root Bridge and the second lowest
Bridge Priority will be the Backup Root Bridge. If all switches have the same Bridge Priority, then The 12 bit System ID or MAC Address (if the system ID’s are
the same) will be used to determine the Root and Backup Root Bridge (See 如下
).
Figure 40: Bridge ID
Bridge ID is a concatenation of 3 values: a 4 bit Bridge Priority (most significant), a 12 bit System ID (less significant), and the 48 bit MAC address of the local switch (least significant).
Setting the Root Bridge and Backup Root Bridge
To navigate to the STP/Ring Global Configuration page:
1. Click on the + next to STP/Ring.
2. Click on Global Configuration.
To set the Bridge Priority:
1. Enter the Bridge Priority ID in the text box to the right of Bridge Priority
(0..61440)
2. Click on the Update Setting button.
Note: The valid values for this parameter are from 0 to 61440, in increments of 4096; you will see this value reflected in the first hexadecimal digit of the Bridge ID field after you click the Update Setting button (See Figure 41
). Set this value to be less than
any other switch on the network, in order to make this switch the Root Switch. To set a
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Backup Root Bridge set the Bridge ID to be between the Root Bridge and the rest of the network switches.
Figure 41: Bridge ID Display
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Setting the MAX Age, Forward Delay and Hello Timer

To navigate to the STP/Ring Global Configuration page:
1. Click on the + next to STP/Ring.
2. Click on Global Configuration.
The Network Diameter
The Diameter of a network depends on the type of topology your network uses. In a ring topology, the Network Diameter is the total number of switches in a network minus the Root Bridge. In a star topology, the Network Diameter is the maximum number of hops to get from Root Bridge to the switch that is the most hops away. the In the RSTP protocol, the Max Age parameter is used as a hop count limit on how far the Spanning Tree protocol packet can propagate throughout the network topology, therefore, it must be configured with a value that is greater than the network diameter.
Relationship between Max Age, Forward Delay and Hello Time
The following rules must be followed when setting the Max Age, Forward Delay and Hello Timer:
Max Age >= 2 × (Hello Time + 1.0 second)
2 × (Forward Delay – 1.0 second) >= Max Age
To change the Max Age, Forward Delay and Hello Timer (see Figure 42
):
1. Enter the Max Age in the text box to the right of Max Age (6..40 sec) label.
2. Enter the Hello Time in the text box to the right of the Hello Time (1..10 sec) label.
3. Enter the Forward Delay in the text box to the right of the Forward Delay (4..30 sec) label.
4. Click on the Update Setting button.
5. Save the configuration (see the Save Configuration Page
)
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Figure 42: Max Age, Hello Timer & Forward Delay
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RSTP Port Setting Page

To navigate to the STP/Ring RSTP Port Setting page:
1. Click on the + next to STP/Ring.
2. Click on RSTP Port Setting.

Spanning Tree Port Roles

In a stable RSTP topology, each port on a switch can function in any one of 4 different Spanning Tree port roles. These Spanning Tree port roles are (see Figure 43
Root Port
Designated Port
Alternate Port
):
Backup Port
Figure 43: Spanning Tree Port Roles
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Path Cost & Port Priority

By default, each port on a Spanning Tree switch will be assigned a Path Cost based on the port’s transmission speed according to the IEEE standard below:
Link speed Recommended value
Less than or equal 100Kb/s 200,000,000
1 Mb/s 20,000,000
10 Mb/s 2,000,000
100 Mb/s 200,000
1 Gb/s 20,000
10 Gb/s 2,000
100 Gb/s 200
1 Tb/s 20
10 Tb/s 2
By default each port on a Spanning Tree switch will be assigned a Port Priority of 128, according to the IEEE standard. This Port Priority is part of the Port ID, which is
a concatenation of 2 values: Port Priority (4 bits) + Interface ID (12 bits) (see 如下
)
Figure 44: Port ID
Port Priority is part of the Port ID, which is a concatenation of 2 values: Port Priority (4 bits) + Interface ID (12 bits).
The default values will work fine in most scenarios; however, there are times when you may need to adjust these values manually in order to influence the location of the Alternate Port, the Root Port or the Backup Port.
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To adjust the Port Priority value or the Path Cost value on a port:
1. Choose the correct port from the drop down list under Port (see 如下
)
2. Enter the proper value under the Priority (Granularity 16)
a. The Port Priority range is between 0 and 240 in multiples of 16.
3. Enter the proper value under the Admin. Path Cost text entry box.
a. The Path Cost range is between 1 and 200,000,000.
4. Click on the Update Setting button
5. Save your configuration (see the Save Configuration Page
).
Figure 45: Port Priority and Path Cost
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