Equus 3120 User Manual
E
Can
OBD2 & 1
The Easiest
And Best Way
To Troubleshoot
OBD2 and OBD1
Vehicles!
Table of Contents
i OBD2 & 1
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Title Page No.
INTRODUCTION
What is OBD? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
YOU CAN DO IT! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Safety First! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
ABOUT THE TOOL
Battery Installation / Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Adjustments/Settings and DTC Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
TOOL CONTROLS
Controls and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Display Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Viewing DTC’s in the Tool’s Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Preliminary Vehicle Diagnosis Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
PREPARATION FOR TESTING
Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Vehicle Service Manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
GENERAL CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURES
OBD1 Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
OBD2 Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
OBD2 Systems
Vehicles Covered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Code Retrieval Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Erasing Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC’s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
I/M Readiness Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Chrysler/Jeep OBD1 Systems
Chrysler/Jeep OBD1 Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Vehicles Covered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Instrument Panel Indicator Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Data Link Connector (DLC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Code Retrieval Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Ford OBD1 Systems
Ford Computer System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Vehicles Covered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Test Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Connecting the Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Code Retrieval Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Additional Tests for EEC-IV Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
GM OBD1 Systems
Your Vehicle’s Computer System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Vehicles Covered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
About the Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Data Link Connector (DLC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Code Retrieval Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Toyota/Lexus OBD1 Systems
On-Board Vehicle Diagnostics (OBD1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Vehicles Covered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Data Link Connector (DLC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Instrument Panel Malfunction Indicator Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Code Retrieval Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Servicing DTCs
Servicing DTCs - OBD I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Erasing DTCs (OBD I Systems) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Glossary
Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Warranty and Servicing
Limited One Year Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Service Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Introduction
WHAT IS OBD?
OBD2 & 1 1
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WHAT IS OBD?
The OBD2 & 1 Tool is designed to work on most Chrysler, Ford,
GM and Toyota OBD1 systems and all
OBD2 compliant vehicles.
One of the most exciting improvements
in the automobile industry was the addition
of on-board diagnostics (OBD) on vehicles,
or in more basic terms, the computer that
activates the vehicle’s “CHECK ENGINE”
light. OBD 1 was designed to monitor manufacturer-specific systems on vehicles built
from 1981 to 1995.Then came the development of OBD 2, which is on all
1996 cars and light trucks sold in the
United States. These systems are part of a government mandate to
lower vehicle emissions. The sophisticated programs in the vehicle’s
on-board computer system are designed to detect failures in a range
of vehicle systems.Diagnostic information can be accessed through a
Data Link Connector test port specifically designed for this purpose.
For all OBD systems, if a problem is found, the computer turns on the
“CHECK ENGINE” light to warn the driver, and sets a Diagnostic
Trouble Code (DTC) to identify where the problem occurred.A special
diagnostic tool, such as the OBD2 & 1 Tool, is required to retrieve
these codes, which consumers and professionals use as a starting
point for repairs.
You Can Do It!
EASY TO USE - EASY TO VIEW - EASY TO DEFINE
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Easy T o Use ....
■ Connect the Tool to the vehicle’s test
connector.
■ Turn the ignition key "On.”
■ Press the POWER/LINK button.
Easy T o View ....
■ The Tool retrieves stored codes, as well
as Freeze Frame data and I/M
Readiness status (OBD2 systems only).
■ Codes, I/M Readiness status and
Freeze Frame data are displayed on the
Tool’s LCD display screen. System status is indicated by LED indicators.
Easy T o Define ....
■ Read code definitions from the Tool’s
LCD display.
■ View Freeze Frame data (OBD2 sys-
tems only).
OBD2 & 1 3
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Safety Precautions
SAFETY FIRST!
SAFETY FIRST!
This manual describes common test procedures used by
experienced service technicians. Many test procedures
require precautions to avoid accidents that can result in
personal injury, and/or damage to your vehicle or test
equipment.Always read your vehicle's service manual and follow its safety precautions before and during any test or service procedure. ALWAYS observe the following general safety
precautions:
When an engine is running, it produces carbon monoxide, a toxic and poisonous gas.To pre vent serious injury
or death from carbon monoxide poisoning, operate the
vehicle ONLY in a well-ventilated area.
To protect your eyes from propelled objects as well as
hot or caustic liquids, always wear approved safety
eye protection.
When an engine is running, many parts (such as the
coolant fan, pulleys, fan belt etc.) turn at high speed.To
avoid serious injury, always be aware of moving parts.
Keep a safe distance from these parts as well as other
potentially moving objects.
Engine parts become very hot when the engine is running. To prevent severe burns, avoid contact with hot
engine parts.
Before starting an engine for testing or trouble-shooting, make sure the parking brake is engaged. Put the
transmission in park (for automatic transmission) or
neutral (for manual transmission). Block the drive
wheels with suitable blocks.
Connecting or disconnecting test equipment when the
ignition is ON can damage test equipment and the vehicle's electronic components. Turn the ignition OFF
before connecting the Tool to or disconnecting the Tool
from the vehicle’s Data Link Connector (DLC).
To avoid personal injury, instrument damage and/or
damage to your vehicle; do not use the CAN OBD2 Tool
before reading this manual.
N
R
P
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Safety Precautions
SAFETY FIRST!
To prevent damage to the on-board computer when taking vehicle electrical measurements, always use a digital multimeter with at least 10 megOhms of impedance.
Fuel and battery vapors are highly flammable. To prevent an explosion, keep all sparks, heated items and
open flames away from the battery and fuel / fuel
vapors. DO NOT SMOKE NEAR THE VEHICLE DURING TESTING.
Don't wear loose clothing or jewelry when working on an
engine. Loose clothing can become caught in the fan,
pulleys, belts, etc.Jewelry is highly conductive, and can
cause a severe burn if it makes contact between a
power source and ground.
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About the Tool
BATTERY INSTALL / REPLA CEMENT / ADJUSTMENTS/SETTINGS & DTC LIBRARY
BATTERY INSTALLATION / REPLACEMENT
Replace batteries when the battery symbol is visible on display
and/or the 3 LEDS are all lit and no other data is visible on screen.
1. Locate the battery cover on the back of the Tool.
2. Slide the battery cover off (use your fingers).
3. Replace batteries with three AA-size batteries (for longer life, use
Alkaline-type batteries).
4. Reinstall the battery cover on the back of the Tool.
Language Selection After Battery Installation
The first time the unit is turned on , you
must select the desired display language
(English, French or Spanish) as follows:
1. Press and hold the POWER/LINK
button for approximately 3 seconds to
turn the Tool “ON.”
■ The Select Language screen dis-
plays.
2. Use the UP and DOWN but-
tons, as necessary, to highlight the
desired display language.
3.
When the desired display language is
selected, press the ENTER/FF button to confirm your selection.
After the initial language selection is performed, it, as well as
other settings, can be changed as desired. Proceed to
“ADJUSTMENTS/SETTINGS AND DTC LIBRARY”below for
further instructions.
ADJUSTMENTS/SETTINGS AND DTC LIBRARY
The OBD2 & 1 Tool lets you make several adjustments and settings to
configure the tool to your particular needs. It also contains an OBD2
DTC Library that allows you to search for DTC definitions.The following functions, adjustments and settings can be performed when the
OBD2 & 1 Tool is in “MENU Mode”:
■ DTC Library: Lets you search the library of OBD2 DTC definitions.
■ Adjust Brightness: Adjusts the brightness of the LCD display
screen.
■ Select Language: Sets the display language for the Tool to
English, French or Spanish.
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About the Tool
ADJUSTMENTS/SETTINGS AND DTC LIBRARY
■ Unit of Measure: Sets the Unit of Measure for the Tool’s display to
USA or metric.
Adjustments and settings can be made only when the Tool is
NOT connected to a vehicle.
To enter the MENU Mode:
1. With the Tool OFF, press and hold
the
UP button, then press and release
the POWER/LINK button.
■ The adjustments and setting MENU
displays.
2. Release the UP button.
DO NOT release the UP button until the adjustments and
settings MENU is visible on the display.
3. Make adjustments and settings as described in the following paragraphs.
Searching for a DTC Definition Using the DTC Library (applicable
to OBD2 systems only)
1. Use the UP and DOWN but-
tons, as necessary, to highlight DTC
Library in the MENU, then press the
ENTER/LD button.
■ The Enter DTC screen displays.The
screen shows the code “P0000”, with
the “P” flashing.
2. Use the UP and DO WN buttons,
as necessary, to scroll to the desired
DTC type (P=Powertrain, U=Network,
B=Body, C=Chassis), then press the
DTC SCROLL button.
■ The selected character displays “solid”,
and the next character begins flashing.
3. Select the remaining characters in the DTC in the same way, pressing the DTC SCROLL button to confirm each character.When
you have selected all the DTC characters, press the ENTER/LD
button to view the DTC definition.
■ If you entered a “Generic” DTC
(DTCs that start with “P0”, “P2” and
some “P3”):
- The selected DTC and DTC definition (if available), show on the
Scan Tool’s LCD display.
OBD2 & 1 7
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About the Tool
ADJUSTMENTS/SETTINGS AND DTC LIBRARY
■ If you entered a “Manufacturer-Specific” DTC (DTCs that start
with “P1” and some “P3”):
- The “Select Manufacturer” screen
displays.
- Use the UP and DOWN
buttons, as necessary, to highlight the appropriate manufacturer, then press the
ENTER/LD
button to display the correct
DTC for your vehicle.
If a definition for the DTC you
entered is not available, an advisory message shows on the Scan
Tool’s LCD display.
4. If you wish to view definitions for additional DTCs, press the
ENTER/LD button to return to the DTC Library screen, and
repeat steps 2 and 3.
5. When all desired DTCs have been viewed, press the ERASE
button to exit the DTC Library.
Adjusting Display Brightness
1. Use the UP and DOWN but-
tons, as necessary, to highlight Adjust
Brightness in the MENU, then press
the ENTER/FF button.
■ The Adjust Brightness screen dis-
plays.
■ The Brightness field shows the cur-
rent brightness setting, from 0 to 43.
2. Press the UP button to decrease
the brightness of the LCD display (make
the display darker).
3. Press the DOWN button to increase
the brightness of the LCD display (make
the display lighter).
4. When the desired brightness is obtained, press the ENTER/FF
button to save your changes and return to the MENU.
Selecting the Display Language
1. Use the UP and DOWN buttons, as necessary, to highlight
Select Language in the MENU, then press the ENTER/FF
button.
About the Tool
ADJUSTMENTS/SETTINGS AND DTC LIBRARY
8 OBD2 & 1
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■ The Select Language screen dis-
plays.
■ The currently selected display
Language is highlighted.
2. Press the UP or DOWN button,
as necessary, to highlight the desired
display language.
3. When the desired display language is
highlighted, press the ENTER/FF
button to save your changes and return to the MENU.
Setting the Unit of Measure
1. Use the UP and DOWN but-
tons, as necessary, to highlight Unit of
Measure in the MENU, then press the
ENTER/FF button.
2. Press the UP or DOWN button,
as necessary, to highlight the desired
Unit of Measure.
3. When the desired Unit of Measure
value is selected, press the ENTER/FF
button to save your changes.
Exiting the MENU Mode
1. Use the UP and DOWN buttons, as necessary, to highlight
Menu Exit in the MENU, then press the ENTER/FF button.
■ The LCD display returns to the DTC screen.
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Tool Controls
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
See Figure 1 for the locations of items 1 through 16, below.
1. ERASE button - Erases Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs),
and “Freeze Frame” data from your vehicle’s computer, and resets
Monitor status.(“Freeze F rame”data and Monitor status are applicable
to OBD2 systems only.)
2. DTC SCROLL button - Displays the DTC View screen and/or
scrolls the LCD display to view DTCs when more than one DTC is
present.
3. POWER/LINK button - When the Tool IS NOT
connected to a vehicle, turns the Tool “On” and “Off”. When the Tool is
connected to a vehicle, links the Tool to the vehicle’s PCM to retrieve
diagnostic data from the computer’s memory. (The LINK function is
applicable to OBD2 systems only.)
To turn the Tool "On", you must press and hold the
POWER/LINK button for approximately 3 seconds.
Figure 1. Controls and Indicators
11
7
6
1
2
5
10
8
9
3
4
16
12
13 14
15
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Tool Controls
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
4. ENTER/FREEZE FRAME button - When in MENU mode,
confirms the selected option or value. When retrieving and viewing
DTCs, displays Freeze Frame data for the highest priority code. (The
Freeze Frame function is applicable to OBD2 systems only.)
5. DOWN button - When in MENU mode, scrolls DOWN through
the menu and submenu selection options. When retr ieving and viewing DTCs, scrolls down through the current display screen to display
any additional data.
6. UP button - When in MENU mode, scrolls UP through the
menu and submenu selection options. When retrieving and viewing
DTCs, scrolls ups through the current display screen to display any
additional data.
7. GREEN LED - Indicates that all engine systems are running nor-
mally (all Monitors on the vehicle are active and performing their diagnostic testing, and no DTCs are present). (Monitors are applicable to
OBD2 systems only.)
8. YELLOW LED - Indicates there is a possible problem. A “Pending”
or a history DTC is present and/or some of the vehicle’s emission monitors have not run their diagnostic testing.(Monitors and pending DTCs
are applicable to OBD2 systems only.)
9. RED LED - Indicates there is a problem in one or more of the vehi-
cle’s systems.The red LED is also used to show that DTC(s) are present. DTCs are shown on the Tool’s LCD display. In this case, the
Malfunction Indicator (“Check Engine”) lamp on the vehicle’s instrument panel will light steady on.
10. LCD Display - Displays settings Menu and submenus, test
results, Tool functions and Monitor status information. See DISPLAY
FUNCTIONS, on next page, for more details. (Monitors are applicable
to OBD2 systems only.)
11. Cable - Connects the Tool to the vehicle’s Data Link Connector
(DLC) when retrieving codes from OBD I systems (used with items 12,
13, 14 and 16).
12. CHRYSLER Connector Cable Adaptor - Installs on cable (item
11) when connecting to a Chrysler OBD1 Data Link Connector.
13. FORD Connector Cable Adaptor - Installs on cable (item 11)
when connecting to a Ford OBD1 Data Link Connector.
14. GM Connector Cable Adaptor - Installs on cable (item 11) when
connecting to a GM OBD1 Data Link Connector.
15. OBD II Cable - Connects the Tool to the vehicle's Data Link
Connector (DLC) when retrieving codes from OBD II systems.
16. TOYOTA Connector Cable Adaptor - Installs on cable (item 11)
when connecting to a Toyota OBD1 Data Link Connector.
OBD2 & 1 11
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Tool Controls
DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
See Figure 2 for the locations of items 1 through 16, below.
1. I/M MONITOR STATUS field - Identifies the I/M Monitor status
area. (This function is applicable to OBD2 systems only.)
2. Monitor icons - Indicate which Monitors are supported by the vehicle under test, and whether or not the associated Monitor has run
its diagnostic testing (Monitor status).When a Monitor icon is solid,
it indicates that the associated Monitor has completed its diagnostic testing.When a Monitor icon is flashing, it indicates that the vehicle supports the associated Monitor, but the Monitor has not yet run
its diagnostic testing. (This function is applicable to OBD2 systems
only.)
3. Vehicle icon - Indicates whether or not the Tool is being properly powered through the vehicle’s Data Link Connector (DLC). A
visible icon indicates that the Tool is being powered through the
vehicle’s DLC connector.
4. Link icon - Indicates whether or not the Tool is communicating (linked) with the vehicle’s on-board computer.When visible, the
Tool is communicating with the computer. If the Link icon is not visible, the Tool is not communicating with the computer.
5. Computer icon - When this icon is visible it indicates that the
Tool is linked to a personal computer. An optional “PC Link Kit” is
available that makes it possible to upload retrieved data to a personal computer.
Figure 2. Display Functions
21
10
11 12
3
4
5
6
7
8
14
15
13
9
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Tool Controls
DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
6. Tool Internal Battery icon - When visible, indicates the Tool
batteries are “low” and should be replaced. If the batteries are not
replaced when the battery symbol is "on", all 3 LEDs will light
up as a last resort indicator to warn you that the batteries need
replacement. No data will be displayed on screen when all 3 LEDs
are lit.
7. DTC Display Area - Displays the Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC)
number. Each fault is assigned a code number that is specific to
that fault.
8. Test Data Display Area - Displays DTC definitions, Freeze Frame
data, and other pertinent test information messages.
9. MIL icon - Indicates the status of the Malfunction Indicator Lamp
(MIL).The MIL icon is visible only when a DTC has commanded the
MIL on the vehicle’s dashboard to light.
10. CODE icon - Identifies the Code Number Sequence display area.
11. PENDING icon - Indicates the currently displayed DTC is a
“Pending” code. (This function is applicable to OBD2 systems
only.)
12. Code Number Sequence - The Tool assigns a sequence number
to each DTC that is present in the computer’s memory, star ting
with “01.” This number indicates which code is currently displayed.
Code number “01”is always the highest priority code, and the one
for which “Freeze Frame” data has been stored. (Freeze Frame
data is applicable to OBD2 systems only.)
If “01” is a “Pending” code, there may or may not be
“Freeze Frame” data stored in memory.
13. Code Enumerator - Indicates the total number of codes retrieved
from the vehicle’s computer.
14. Generic DTC icon - When visible, indicates that the currently
displayed DTC is a “Generic” or “Universal” code. (This function is
applicable to OBD2 systems only.)
15. Enhanced DTC icon - When visible, indicates that the currently
displayed DTC is a Manufacturer Specific Code. (This function is
applicable to OBD2 systems only.)
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Tool Controls
VIEWING DTCs IN THE TOOL’S MEMORY
VIEWING DTCs IN THE TOOL’S MEMORY
To view DTC’s and other diagnostic data stored in the Tool’s memory,
do the following:
1. With no DLC cable connected to the Tool, press the POWER/LINK
button to turn the Tool “on”.
2. Press the ENTER/FF button.
3. Use the and keys to highlight
and select your vehicle’s OBD system
(OBD1 or OBD2). Press the ENTER/FF
button to continue.
■ Select “Back” if you wish to return to
the Main Menu.
4. If DTCs are present in the Tool’s memo-
ry, the first stored DTC will display on
the screen.
■ If more than one DTC is present, use
the DTC SCROLL button to
scroll through the DTC’s.
5. “For OBD2 systems only” - Saved
Freeze Frame data and Monitor status
are also available (press the
ENTER/FF button to view Freeze
Frame data).
6. If no DTCs are in the Tool’s memory, a
“No DTC’s are presently stored in the
Tool’s memory” message displays.
14 OBD2 & 1
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Preparation for Testing
PRELIMINARY VEHICLE DIAGNOSIS WORKSHEET
PRELIMINARY VEHICLE DIAGNOSIS WORKSHEET
The purpose of this form is to help you gather preliminary information on
your vehicle before you retrieve codes.By having a complete account of
your vehicle's current problem(s), you will be able to systematically pinpoint the problem(s) by comparing your answers to the fault codes you
retrieve. You can also provide this information to your mechanic to assist
in diagnosis and help avoid costly and unnecessary repairs. It is important for you to complete this f orm to help you and/or y our mechanic have
a clear understanding of your vehicle's problems. An electronic version
of this Preliminary Vehicle Diagnosis Worksheet is available online at
www
.canOBD2.com.You can complete the form online and print a copy
to take to your mechanic.
NAME:
DATE:
VIN*:
YEAR:
MAKE:
MODEL:
ENGINE SIZE:
VEHICLE MILEAGE:
*VIN: Vehicle Identification Number, found at the base of the windshield
on a metallic plate, or at the driver door latch area (consult your vehicle
owner's manual for location).
TRANSMISSION:
❑
Automatic
❑ Manual
Please check all applicable items in each category.
DESCRIBE THE PROBLEM:
OBD2 & 1 15
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Preparation for Testing
PRELIMINARY VEHICLE DIAGNOSIS WORKSHEET
WHEN DID YOU FIRST NOTICE THE PROBLEM:
❑ Just Started
❑ Started Last Week
❑ Started Last Month
❑ Other:
LIST ANY REPAIRS DONE IN THE PAST SIX MONTHS:
PROBLEMS STARTING
ENGINE QUITS OR STALLS
IDLING CONDITIONS
RUNNING CONDITIONS
❑ No symptoms
❑ Will not crank
❑ Cranks, but will not start
❑ Starts, but takes a long time
❑ No symptoms
❑ Right after starting
❑ When shifting into gear
❑ During steady-speed driving
❑ Right after vehicle comes to a stop
❑ While idling
❑ During acceleration
❑ When parking
❑ No symptoms
❑ Is too slow at all times
❑ Is too fast
❑ Is sometimes too fast or too slow
❑ Is rough or uneven
❑ Fluctuates up and down
❑ No symptoms
❑ Runs rough
❑ Lacks power
❑ Bucks and jerks
❑ Poor fuel economy
❑ Hesitates or stumbles on
accelerations
❑ Backfires
❑ Misfires or cuts out
❑ Engine knocks, pings or rattles
❑ Surges
❑ Dieseling or run-on
16 OBD2 & 1
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Preparation for Testing
PRELIMINARY VEHICLE DIAGNOSIS WORKSHEET
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION PROBLEMS (if applicable)
PROBLEM OCCURS
❑ Morning ❑ Afternoon ❑ Anytime
ENGINE TEMPERATURE WHEN PROBLEM OCCURS
❑ Cold ❑ Warm ❑ Hot
DRIVING CONDITIONS WHEN PROBLEM OCCURS
DRIVING HABITS
GASOLINE USED
WEATHER CONDITIONS WHEN PROBLEM OCCURS
CHECK ENGINE LIGHT / DASH WARNING LIGHT
❑
Sometimes ON ❑ Always ON ❑ Never ON
PECULIAR SMELLS
STRANGE NOISES
❑ Short - less than 2 miles
❑ 2 - 10 miles
❑ Long - more than 10 miles
❑ Stop and go
❑ While turning
❑ While braking
❑ At gear engagement
❑ With A/C operating
❑ With headlights on
❑ During acceleration
❑ Mostly driving downhill
❑ Mostly driving uphill
❑ Mostly driving level
❑ Mostly driving curvy roads
❑ Mostly driving rough roads
❑ Mostly city driving
❑ Highway
❑ Park vehicle inside
❑ Park vehicle outside
❑ Drive less than 10 miles per day
❑ Drive 10 to 50 miles per day
❑ Drive more than 50 miles per day
❑ 87 Octane
❑ 89 Octane
❑ 91 Octane
❑ More than 91 Octane
❑ 32 - 55° F (0 - 13° C)
❑ Below freezing (32° F / 0° C)
❑ Above 55° F (13° C)
❑ "Hot"
❑ Sulfur ("rotten egg")
❑ Burning rubber
❑ Gasoline
❑ Burning oil
❑ Electrical
❑ Rattle
❑ Knock
❑ Squeak
❑ Other
❑ No symptoms
❑ Shifts too early or too late
❑ Changes gear incorrectly
❑ Vehicle does not move when in
gear
❑ Jerks or bucks
OBD2 & 1 17
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Preparation for Testing
BEFORE YOU BEGIN
BEFORE Y OU BEGIN
The OBD2 & 1 Tool aids in
monitoring electronic- and
emissions-related faults in
your vehicle and retrieving
fault codes related to malfunctions in these systems.
Mechanical problems such as
low oil level or damaged
hoses, wiring or electrical connectors can cause poor engine performance and may also cause a fault code to set.Fix any known mechanical problems before performing any test. See your vehicle’s service
manual or a mechanic for more information.
Check the following areas before starting any test:
■ Check the engine oil, power steering fluid, transmission fluid (if
applicable), engine coolant and other fluids for proper le v els .Top off
low fluid levels if needed.
■ Make sure the air filter is clean and in good condition.Make sure all
air filter ducts are properly connected. Check the air filter ducts for
holes, rips or cracks.
■ Make sure all engine belts are in good condition.Check for crac ked,
torn, brittle, loose or missing belts.
■ Make sure mechanical linkages to engine sensors (throttle,
gearshift position, transmission, etc.) are secure and properly connected. See your vehicle’s service manual for locations.
■ Check all rubber hoses (radiator) and steel hoses (vacuum/fuel) for
leaks, cracks, blockage or other damage. Make sure all hoses are
routed and connected properly.
■ Make sure all spark plugs are clean and in good condition. Check
for damaged, loose, disconnected or missing spark plug wires.
■ Make sure the battery terminals are clean and tight. Check for cor-
rosion or broken connections. Check for proper battery and charging system voltages.
■ Check all electrical wiring and harnesses for proper connection.
Make sure wire insulation is in good condition, and there are no
bare wires.
■ Make sure the engine is mechanically sound. If needed, perform a
compression check, engine vacuum check, timing chec k (if applicable), etc.
18 OBD2 & 1
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Preparation for Testing
VEHICLE SERVICE MANUALS
VEHICLE SERVICE MANUALS
Always refer to the manufacturer’s service manual for your vehicle
before performing any test or repair procedures.Contact your local car
dealership, auto parts store or bookstore for availability of these manuals.The following companies publish valuable repair manuals:
■ Haynes Publications
861 Lawrence Drive
Newbury Park, California 91320
Phone: 800-442-9637
■ Mitchell International
14145 Danielson Street
Poway, California 92064
Phone: 888-724-6742
■ Motor Publications
5600 Crooks Road, Suite 200
Troy, Michigan 48098
Phone: 800-426-6867
FACTORY SOURCES
Ford, GM, Chrysler, Honda, Isuzu, Hyundai and Subaru Service
Manuals
■ Helm Inc.
14310 Hamilton Avenue
Highland Park, Michigan 48203
Phone: 800-782-4356
OBD2 & 1 19
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General Code Retrieval Procedures
OBD1 SYSTEMS / OBD2 SYSTEMS
Procedures for Retrieving Diagnostic Trouble Codes from OBD1 systems are vehicle manufacturer specific.Each manufacturer uses their
own procedure.
Procedures for retrieving Diagnostic Trouble Codes from OBD2
systems are generic, and apply to all vehicles equipped with OBD2
systems.
From the following list, select the procedure that applies to your vehicle’s OBD system, and proceed to appropriate section for detailed
code retrieval procedures.
OBD1 SYSTEMS
Most cars and light trucks (under 8500 GW) sold in the U.S.from early
1980’s to 1995 are equipped with what is known as the first generation
of On-Board Diagnostics or “OBD1”.
■ If your Chrysler/Jeep, Ford, GM or Toyota vehicle, (1995 and older)
is equipped with an ‘OBD1 System”, proceed to the proper section
as indicated below, for a detailed application list and code retrieval
procedures:
■ CHRYSLER/JEEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .page 36
■ FORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .page 42
■ GM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .page 65
■ TOYOTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .page 71
OBD2 SYSTEMS
ALL 1996 and newer cars and light trucks (under 8500 GW) sold in the
U.S.are equipped with what is known as the second generation of OnBoard Diagnostics or “OBD2”.
■ If your vehicle (1996 and newer) is equipped with an “OBD2
System”, proceed to the “OBD2 SYSTEMS” section on page 20 for
a detailed application list, code retrieval procedures, Monitor status,
and Freeze Frame data information.
20 OBD2 & 1
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OBD2 Systems
VEHICLES COVERED
VEHICLES COVERED
The OBD2 & 1 Tool is designed to work on all OBD 2 compliant vehicles. All 1996 and newer vehicles (cars and light trucks) sold in the
United States are OBD 2 compliant.
Federal law requires that all 1996 and newer cars and light
trucks sold in the United States must be OBD 2 compliant;
this includes all Domestic, Asian and European vehicles.
Some 1994 and 1995 vehicles are OBD 2 compliant. To find out if a
1994 or 1995 vehicle is OBD 2 compliant, check the following:
1. The Vehicle Emissions Control Information (VECI) Label. This
label is located under the hood or by the radiator of most vehicles.If
the vehicle is OBD 2 compliant, the label will state “OBD II Certified.”
2. Government Regulations require that
all OBD 2 compliant vehicles must
have a “common” sixteen-pin Data
Link Connector (DLC).
Some 1994 and 1995 vehicles have 16-pin connectors but
are not OBD 2 compliant. Only those vehicles with a Vehicle
Emissions Control Label stating “OBD II Certified” are OBD 2
compliant.
Data Link Connector (DLC) Location
The 16-pin DLC is usually
located under the instrument
panel (dash), within 12 inches
(300 mm) of center of the
panel, on the driver’s side of
most vehicles.It should be easily accessible and visible from
a kneeling position outside the
vehicle with the door open.
VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION
ENGINE FAMILY EFN2.6YBT2BA
VEHICLE
MANUFACTURER
REFER TO SERVICE MANUAL FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
TUNE-UP CONDITIONS: NORMAL OPERATING ENGINE TEMPERATURE,
ACCESSORIES OFF, COOLING FAN OFF, TRANSMISSION IN NEUTRAL
EXHAUST EMISSIONS STANDARDS STANDARD CATEGORY
CERTIFICATION
IN-USE
SPARK PLUG
TYPE NGK BPRE-11
GAP: 1.1MM
DISPLACEMENT 2.6L
THIS VEHICLE CONFORMS TO U.S. EPA AND STATE
OF CALIFORNIA REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO
1999 MODEL YEAR NEW TLEV PASSENGER CARS.
TLEV
TLEV INTERMEDIATE
CATALYST
OBD II
CERTIFIED
OBD II
CERTIFIED
12345678
910111213141516
LEFT CORNER
OF DASH
NEAR
CENTER
OF DASH
BEHIND
ASHTRAY
OBD2 & 1 21
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OBD2 Systems
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs)
On some Asian and European vehicles the DLC is located
behind the “ashtray”(the ashtray must be removed to access
it) or on the far left corner of the dash. If the DLC cannot be
located, consult the vehicle’s service manual for the location.
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs)
Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) are
meant to guide you to the proper service procedure in the vehicle’s service
manual. DO NOT replace parts based
only on DTCs without first consulting
the vehicle’s service manual for proper testing procedures for that particular
system, circuit or component.
DTCs are alphanumeric codes that are used to identify a
problem that is present in any of the systems that are monitored by the on-board computer (PCM). Each trouble code
has an assigned message that identifies the circuit, component or system area where the problem was found.
OBD 2 diagnostic trouble codes are made up of five characters:
■ The 1st character is a letter. It identifies the “main system” where
the fault occurred (Body, Chassis, Powertrain, or Network).
■ The 2nd character is a numeric digit.It identifies the “type”of code
(Generic or Manufacturer-Specific).
Generic DTCs are codes that are used by all vehicle manufacturers. The standards for generic DTCs, as well as their
definitions, are set by the Society of Automotive Engineers
(SAE).
Manufacturer-Specific DTCs are codes that are controlled
by the vehicle manufacturers.The Federal Government does
not require vehicle manufacturers to go beyond the standardized generic DTCs in order to comply with the new
OBD2 emissions standards.However, manufacturers are free
to expand beyond the standardized codes to make their systems easier to diagnose.
■ The 3rd character is a numeric digit. It identifies the specific sys-
tem or sub-system where the problem is located.
■ The 4th and 5th characters are numeric digits. They identify the
section of the system that is malfunctioning.
Diagnostic T rouble
Codes (DTCs) are
codes that identify a
specific problem area.
22 OBD2 & 1
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OBD2 Systems
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs)
DTCs and MIL Status
When the vehicle’s on-board computer detects
a failure in an emissions-related component
or system, the computer’s internal diagnostic
program assigns a diagnostic trouble code
(DTC) that points to the system (and subsystem) where the fault was found.The diagnostic program saves the code in the computer’s memory. It records a “Freeze Frame” of
conditions present when the fault was found, and lights the Malfunction
Indicator Lamp (MIL). Some faults require detection for two trips in a
row before the MIL is turned on.
The “Malfunction Indicator Lamp” (MIL) is the accepted term
used to describe the lamp on the dashboard that lights to
warn the driver that an emissions-related fault has been
found. Some manufacturers may still call this lamp a “Check
Engine” or “Service Engine Soon” light.
P0201 - Injector Circuit Malfunction, Cylinder 1
OBD 2 DTC EXAMPLE
B
-
Body
C
-
Chassis
P
-
Powertrain
U
-
Network
-
Generic
0
-
Manufacturer Specific
1
-
Generic
2
-
Includes both Generic and Manufacturer
3
Specific Codes
Identifies the system where the
problem is located:
1
-
Fuel and Air Metering
2
-
Fuel and Air Metering (injector circuit
malfunction only)
3
-
Ignition System or Misfire
4
-
Auxiliary Emission Control System
5
-
Vehicle Speed Control and Idle Control
System
6
-
Computer Output Circuits
7
-
Transmission
8
-
Transmission
Identifies what section of the system
is malfunctioning
P 0 2 0 1
OBD2 & 1 23
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OBD2 Systems
CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE
CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE
Never replace a part based only on the DTC definition.
Each DTC has a set of testing procedures, instructions
and flow charts that must be followed to confirm the location of the problem.This information is found in the vehicle's
service manual. Always refer to the vehicle's service manual
for detailed testing instructions.
Check your vehicle thoroughly before performing
any test. See Before You Begin on page 17 for
details.
ALWAYS observe safety precautions whenever working on a
vehicle. See Safety Precautions on page 3 for more infor-
mation.
1. Turn the ignition OFF.
2. Locate the vehicle's 16-pin Data Link
Connector (DLC). See page 20 for connector location.
Some DLCs have a plastic cover
that must be removed bef ore connecting the Tool cable connector.
If the Tool is ON, turn it
OFF by
pressing the POWER/LINK
button BEFORE connecting the
Tool to the DLC.
3. Connect the OBD II Cable to the Tool,
then connect to the vehicle’s DLC.
■ If you hav e prob lems connecting the cab le connector to the DLC,
rotate the connector 180° and try again.
■ If you still have problems, check the pins on the Tool’s DLC and
on the vehicle’s DLC.
4. When the Tool’s cable connector is properly connected to the vehicle’s DLC, the
unit automatically turns ON, and the
LCD display shows instructions for linking to the vehicle’s on-board
computer.
Retrieving and using Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) for
troubleshooting vehicle operation is only one part of an
overall diagnostic strategy.
24 OBD2 & 1
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OBD2 Systems
CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE
■ If the unit does not power on automatically when connected to
the vehicle’s DLC connector, it usually indicates there is no
power present at the vehicle’s DLC connector. Check your fuse
panel and replace any burned-out fuses.
■ If replacing the fuse(s) does not correct the problem, consult your
vehicle’s repair man ual to identify the proper computer (PCM) fuse/
circuit, and perform any necessary repairs before proceeding.
5. Turn the ignition on. DO NOT start the engine.
6. Press and release the Tool’s POWER/LINK button.
■ The Tool will automatically start a
check of the vehicle’s computer to
determine which type of communication protocol it is using.When the Tool
identifies the computer’s communication protocol, a communication link is
established. The protocol type used
by the vehicle’ s computer is shown on
the LCD display.
A PROTOCOL is a set of rules and procedures for regulating data transmission between computers, and between
testing equipment and computers. As of this writing, five
different types of protocols (ISO 9141, Keyword 2000,
J1850 PWM, J1850 VPW and CAN) are in use by vehicle
manufacturers.The Tool automatically identifies the protocol type and establishes a communication link with the
vehicle’s computer.
7. After approximately 10~60 seconds, the Tool will retrieve and dis-
play any Diagnostic Trouble Codes, Monitor Status and Freeze
Frame Data retrieved from the vehicle’s computer memory.
■ If the Tool fails to link to the vehicle’s
computer a “Linking Failed” message
shows on the Tool’s LCD display.
- Verify the connection at the DLC
and verify the ignition is ON.
- Turn the ignition OFF, wait 5 seconds, then turn back ON to reset
the computer.
- Ensure your vehicle is OBD2 compliant. See Vehicles
Covered on page 20 for vehicle compliance v erification inf ormation.
OBD2 & 1 25
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OBD2 Systems
CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE
■ The Tool will automatically re-link to
the vehicle’s computer every 30 seconds to refresh the data being
retrieved. When data is being refreshed, the message “One moment
Auto – link in progress”is shown on the
LCD display. This action repeats as
long as the Tool is communicating
with the vehicle’s computer.
■ The Tool will display a code only if
codes are present in the vehicle’s
computer memory. If no codes are
present, a “No DTC’s are presently
stored in the vehicle’s computer”
message is displayed.
■ The Tool is capable of retrieving and storing up to 32 codes in
memory, for immediate or later viewing.
8. To read the display:
Refer to Display Functions on page 11 for a description
of LCD display elements.
■ A visible icon indicates that the Tool is being powered
through the vehicle’s DLC connector.
■ A visible icon indicates that the Tool is linked to (communi-
cating with) the vehicle’s computer.
■ The I/M Monitor Status icons indicate the type and number of
Monitors the vehicle supports, and provides indications of the
current status of the vehicle’s Monitors .A solid Monitor icon indicates the associated Monitor has run and completed its testing.
A blinking Monitor icon indicates the associated Monitor has
not run and completed its testing.
■ The upper right hand corner of the
display shows the number of the code
currently being displayed, the total
number of codes retrieved, the type
of code (G = Generic; E = Enhanced
or Manufacturer specific), and
whether or not the displayed code
commanded the MIL on. If the code
being displayed is a PENDING code, the PENDING icon is
shown.
■ The Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) and related code definition
are shown in the lower section of the LCD display.
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