Equus 3110 User Manual

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Table of Contents

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Title Page No.

INTRODUCTION

What is OBD? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

YOU CAN DO IT! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Safety First! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

ABOUT THE CODE READER

Vehicles Covered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Battery Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Adjustments and Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

CODE READER CONTROLS

Controls and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Display Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

ONBOARD DIAGNOSTICS

Computer Engine Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

OBD 2 Monitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

PREPARATION FOR TESTING

Preliminary Vehicle Diagnosis Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

USING THE CODE READER

Code Retrieval Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Erasing Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

I/M Readiness Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

GLOSSARY

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

WARRANTY AND SERVICING

Limited One Year Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Service Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Introduction

WHAT IS OBD?

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WHAT IS OBD?

The CAN OBD2 Code Reader is designed to work on all OBD 2

compliant vehicles. All 1996 and newer vehicles (cars, light

trucks and SUVs) sold in the United States are OBD 2 compliant.

One of the most exciting improvements
in the automobile industry was the addition
of on-board diagnostics (OBD) on vehicles,
or in more basic terms, the computer that
activates the vehicle’s “CHECK ENGINE”
light. OBD 1 was designed to monitor manu­facturer-specific systems on vehicles built
from 1981 to 1995.Then came the develop­ment of OBD 2, which is on all

1996 and newer vehicles sold in the
U.S.Like its predecessor, OBD 2 was adopted as part of a government
mandate to lower vehicle emissions.But what makes OBD 2 unique is
its universal application for all late model cars and trucks - domestic
and import. This sophisticated program in the vehicle’s main computer
system is designed to detect failures in a range of systems, and can
be accessed through a universal OBD 2 port, which is usually found
under the dashboard. For all OBD systems, if a problem is found, the
computer turns on the “CHECK ENGINE” light to warn the driver, and
sets a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) to identify where the problem
occurred. A special diagnostic tool, such as the CAN OBD2 Code
Reader, is required to retriev e these codes , which consumers and pro­fessionals use as a starting point for repairs.

To learn more about vehicle Computer Control Systems and

OBD 2, see COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS on page 14.

You Can Do It!

EASY TO USE - EASY TO VIEW - EASY TO DEFINE

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Easy T o Use ....

■ Connect the Code Reader to the

vehicle’s test connector.

■ Turn the ignition key "On.”

■ Press the LINK button.

Easy T o View ....

■ The Code Reader retrieves stored

codes, Freeze Frame data and I/M
Readiness status.

■ Codes, I/M Readiness status and

Freeze Frame data are displayed on the
Code Reader’s LCD display screen.
System status is indicated by LED indi­cators.

Easy T o Define ....

■ Read code definitions from the Code

Reader’s LCD display.

■ View Freeze Frame data.

Safety Precautions

SAFETY FIRST!

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SAFETY FIRST!

This manual describes common test procedures used by
experienced service technicians. Many test procedures
require precautions to avoid accidents that can result in
personal injury, and/or damage to your vehicle or test
equipment. Always read your vehicle's service manual and
follow its safety precautions before and during any test or
service procedure. ALWAYS observe the following general
safety precautions:

When an engine is running, it produces carbon monox­ide, a toxic and poisonous gas.To pre vent serious injury
or death from carbon monoxide poisoning, operate the
vehicle ONLY in a well-ventilated area.

To protect your eyes from propelled objects as well as
hot or caustic liquids, always wear approved safety
eye protection.

When an engine is running, many parts (such as the
coolant fan, pulleys, fan belt etc.) turn at high speed. To
avoid serious injury, always be aware of moving parts.
Keep a safe distance from these parts as well as other
potentially moving objects.

Engine parts become very hot when the engine is run­ning. To prevent severe burns, avoid contact with hot
engine parts.

Before starting an engine for testing or trouble-shoot­ing, make sure the parking brake is engaged. Put the
transmission in park (for automatic transmission) or
neutral (for manual transmission). Block the drive
wheels with suitable blocks.

Connecting or disconnecting test equipment when the
ignition is ON can damage test equipment and the vehi­cle's electronic components. Turn the ignition OFF
before connecting the Code Reader to or disconnecting
the Code Reader from the vehicle’s Data Link
Connector (DLC).

To avoid personal injury, instrument damage and/or

damage to your vehicle; do not use the CAN OBD2 Code

Reader before reading this manual.

N

R

P

D

L

Safety Precautions

SAFETY FIRST!

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To prevent damage to the on-board computer when tak­ing vehicle electrical measurements, always use a digi­tal multimeter with at least 10 megOhms of impedance.

Fuel and battery vapors are highly flammable. To pre­vent an explosion, keep all sparks, heated items and
open flames away from the battery and fuel / fuel
vapors. DO NOT SMOKE NEAR THE VEHICLE DUR­ING TESTING.

Don't wear loose clothing or jewelry when working on an
engine. Loose clothing can become caught in the fan,
pulleys, belts, etc.Jewelry is highly conductive, and can
cause a severe burn if it makes contact between a
power source and ground.

About the Code Reader

VEHICLES COVERED

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VEHICLES COVERED

The CAN OBD2 Code Reader is designed to work on all OBD 2 com­pliant vehicles.All 1996 and newer vehicles (cars and light trucks) sold
in the United States are OBD 2 compliant.

Federal law requires that all 1996 and newer cars and light
trucks sold in the United States must be OBD 2 compliant;
this includes all Domestic, Asian and European vehicles.

Some 1994 and 1995 vehicles are OBD 2 compliant. To find out if a
1994 or 1995 vehicle is OBD 2 compliant, check the following:

1. The Vehicle Emissions Control Information (VECI) Label. This

label is located under the hood or by the radiator of most vehicles.If
the vehicle is OBD 2 compliant, the label will state “OBD II Certified.”

2. Government Regulations require that

all OBD 2 compliant vehicles must
have a “common” sixteen-pin Data
Link Connector (DLC).

Some 1994 and 1995 vehicles have 16-pin connectors but
are not OBD 2 compliant. Only those vehicles with a Vehicle
Emissions Control Label stating “OBD II Certified” are OBD 2
compliant.

Data Link Connector (DLC) Location

The 16-pin DLC is usually
located under the instrument
panel (dash), within 12 inches
(300 mm) of center of the
panel, on the driver’s side of
most vehicles.It should be eas­ily accessible and visible from
a kneeling position outside the
vehicle with the door open.

VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION

ENGINE FAMILY EFN2.6YBT2BA

VEHICLE

MANUFACTURER

REFER TO SERVICE MANUAL FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
TUNE-UP CONDITIONS: NORMAL OPERATING ENGINE TEMPERATURE,
ACCESSORIES OFF, COOLING FAN OFF, TRANSMISSION IN NEUTRAL

EXHAUST EMISSIONS STANDARDS STANDARD CATEGORY
CERTIFICATION

IN-USE

SPARK PLUG

TYPE NGK BPRE-11

GAP: 1.1MM

DISPLACEMENT 2.6L

THIS VEHICLE CONFORMS TO U.S. EPA AND STATE
OF CALIFORNIA REGULATIONS APPLICABLE TO
1999 MODEL YEAR NEW TLEV PASSENGER CARS.

TLEV
TLEV INTERMEDIATE

CATALYST

OBD II

CERTIFIED

OBD II

CERTIFIED

12345678
910111213141516

LEFT CORNER

OF DASH

NEAR

CENTER

OF DASH

BEHIND

ASHTRAY

About the Code Reader

VEHICLES COVERED / BATTERY REPLACEMENT

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On some Asian and European vehicles the DLC is located
behind the “ashtray”(the ashtray must be removed to access
it) or on the far left corner of the dash. If the DLC cannot be
located, consult the vehicle’s service manual for the location.

BATTERY REPLACEMENT

1. Locate the battery cover on the back of the Code Reader.

2. Slide the battery cover off (use your fingers).

3. Replace batteries with three AA-size batteries (for longer life, use

Alkaline-type batteries).

4. Reinstall the battery cover on the back of the Code Reader.

Language Selection After Battery Installation

There are two versions of the Code Reader: English/Spanish and
English/French.The first time the unit is tur ned on (after the batteries
are installed or replaced), you must select the desired display lan­guage, as follows:

1. Press the POWER/LINK button to turn the Code Reader “ON.”

■ The Select Language screen displays.

2. Use the UP and DOWN but-

tons, as necessary, to highlight the
desired display language.

3.

When the desired display language is
selected, press the ENTER/FF but­ton to confirm your selection.

■ The selected language will remain in

the Code Reader’s memory as long
as the batteries are not removed. If
the batteries are removed (or go
dead), the language selection will be
lost from the Code Reader’s memory
and must be reset again using steps
1 through 3, above.

■ After the initial language selection is performed, it as well as

other settings can be changed as desired. See ADJUSTMENTS
AND SETTINGS on page 7 for further instructions.

About the Code Reader

ADJUSTMENTS AND SETTINGS

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ADJUSTMENTS AND SETTINGS

The CAN OBD2 Code Reader lets you make several adjustments and
settings to configure the Code Reader for your particular needs. The
following adjustments and settings can be made:

■ Adjust Brightness: Adjusts the brightness of the LCD display

screen.

■ Demo Mode: Sample data kept in the Code Reader’s memory to

use as examples and for demonstration purposes.

■ Select Language: Sets the display language for the Code Reader

to English/Spanish or English/French.

■ Unit of Measure: Sets the Unit of Measure for the Code Reader’s

display to USA or metric.

Adjustments and settings can be made only when the Code
Reader is NOT connected to a vehicle.

To enter the MENU Mode:

1. With the Code Reader “off”, press and

hold

the UP button, then press and

release the POWER/LINK button.

■ The adjustments and setting MENU

displays.

2. Release the UP button.

DO NOT release the UP b utton until the adjustments and
settings MENU is visible on the display.

3. Make adjustments and settings as described in the following para-

graphs.

Adjusting Display Brightness

1. Use the UP and DOWN but-

tons, as necessary, to highlight Adjust
Brightness in the MENU, then press
the ENTER/FF button.

■ The Adjust Brightness screen dis-

plays.

■ The Brightness field shows the cur-

rent brightness setting, from 0 to 43.

2. Press the UP button to decrease

the brightness of the LCD display (make
the display darker).

About the Code Reader

ADJUSTMENTS AND SETTINGS

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3. Press the DOWN button to increase the brightness of the LCD

display (make the display lighter).

4. When the desired brightness is obtained, press the ENTER/FF

button to save your changes and return to the MENU.

Selecting the Display Language

1. Use the UP and DOWN but-

tons, as necessary, to highlight Select
Language in the MENU, then press the
ENTER/FF button.

■ The Select Language screen dis-

plays.

■ The currently selected display

Language is highlighted.

2. Press the UP or DOWN button,

as necessary, to highlight the desired
display language.

3. When the desired display language is

highlighted, press the ENTER/FF
button to save your changes and return
to the MENU.

Setting the Unit of Measure

1. Use the UP and DOWN but-
tons, as necessary, to highlight Unit of
Measure in the MENU, then press the
ENTER/FF button.

2. Press the UP or DOWN button,

as necessary, to highlight the desired

Unit of Measure.

3. When the desired Unit of Measure

value is selected, press the ENTER/FF

button to save your changes.

About the Code Reader

ADJUSTMENTS AND SETTINGS

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Demo Mode

1. Use the UP and DOWN but-

tons, as necessary, to highlight Demo
Mode in the MENU, then press the
ENTER/FF button.

2. The Code Reader enters the Demo

Mode.

3. Demo Mode demonstrates examples of Generic and Enhanced

(Manufacturer Speciific) Diagnostic Trouble Codes, code definitions,
Freeze Frame data and I/M Readiness status.

■ Use Demo Mode to familiarize yourself with Code Reader oper-

ation, vehicle diagnostic data and/or for demonstration purposes.

4. To exit Demo Mode, turn the Code Reader off by pressing the

POWER/LINK button.

Exiting the MENU Mode

1. Use the UP and DOWN buttons, as necessary, to highlight

Menu Exit in the MENU, then press the ENTER/FF button.

■ The LCD display returns to the DTC screen.

Changes made to Brightness, Language and Unit of
Measure will remain in the Code Reader’s memory as long
as the batteries are not removed.If the batteries are removed
(or go dead), the settings will be lost from the Code Reader’s
memory, and they must be reset again.

Code Reader Controls

CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

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CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

See Figure 1 for the locations of items 1 through 11, below.

1. ERASE button - Erases Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs),
and “Freeze Frame” data from your vehicle’s computer, and resets
Monitor status.

2. DTC SCROLL button - Displays the DTC View screen and/or
scrolls the LCD display to view DTCs when more than one DTC is
present.

3. POWER/LINK button - When the Code Reader IS NOT
connected to a vehicle, turns the Code Reader “On” and “Off”. When
the Code Reader is connected to a vehicle, links the Code Reader to
the vehicle’s PCM to retrieve diagnostic data from the computer’s
memory.

4. ENTER/FREEZE FRAME button - When in MENU mode,
confirms the selected option or value. When retrieving and viewing
DTCs, displays Freeze Frame data for the highest priority code.

Figure 1. Controls and Indicators

11

10

7
6

1
2
5

8

9
3

4

Code Reader Controls

CONTROLS AND INDICATORS

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5. DOWN button - When in MENU mode, scrolls DOWN through
the menu and submenu selection options. When retrieving and view­ing DTCs, scrolls down through the current display screen to display
any additional data.

6. UP button - When in MENU mode, scrolls UP through the
menu and submenu selection options. When retrieving and viewing
DTCs, scrolls ups through the current display screen to display any
additional data.

7. GREEN LED - Indicates that all engine systems are r unning nor­mally (all Monitors on the vehicle are active and perfor ming their diag­nostic testing, and no DTCs are present).

8. YELLOW LED - Indicates there is a possible problem. A “Pending”
DTC is present and/or some of the vehicle’s emission monitors have
not run their diagnostic testing.

9. RED LED - Indicates there is a problem in one or more of the vehi­cle’s systems.The red LED is also used to show that DTC(s) are pres­ent. DTCs are shown on the Code Reader’s LCD display. In this case,
the Multifunction Indicator (“Check Engine”) lamp on the vehicle’s
instrument panel will light steady on.

10. LCD Display - Displays settings Menu and submenus, test
results, Code Reader functions and Monitor status information. See

DISPLAY FUNCTIONS, on next page, for more details.

11. CABLE - Connects the Code Reader to the vehicle’s Data Link

Connector (DLC).

Code Reader Controls

DISPLAY FUNCTIONS

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DISPLAY FUNCTIONS

See Figure 2 for the locations of items 1 through 16, below.

1. I/M MONITOR ST ATUS field - Identifies the I/M Monitor status area.

2. Monitor icons - Indicate which Monitors are supported by the vehi-

cle under test, and whether or not the associated Monitor has run
its diagnostic testing (Monitor status).When a Monitor icon is solid,
it indicates that the associated Monitor has completed its diagnos­tic testing.When a Monitor icon is flashing, it indicates that the vehi­cle supports the associated Monitor, but the Monitor has not yet run
its diagnostic testing.

3. Vehicle icon - Indicates whether or not the Code Reader is
being properly powered through the vehicle’s Data Link Connector
(DLC). A visible icon indicates that the Code Reader is being pow­ered through the vehicle’s DLC connector.

4. Link icon - Indicates whether or not the Code Reader is com­municating (linked) with the vehicle’s on-board computer.When vis­ible, the Code Reader is communicating with the computer. If the
Link icon is not visible, the Code Reader is not communicating with
the computer.

5. Computer icon - When this icon is visible it indicates that the
Code Reader is linked to a personal computer.An optional “PC Link
Kit” is available that makes it possible to upload retrieved data to a
personal computer.

6. Code Reader Internal Battery icon - When visible, indicates
the Code Reader batteries are “low” and should be replaced.

7. DTC Display Area - Displays the Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC)
number. Each fault is assigned a code number that is specific to
that fault.

Figure 2. Display Functions

11 12

21

10

3
4
5
6

7
8

14
15

13

9

Code Reader Controls

DISPLAY FUNCTIONS

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8. Test Data Display Area - Displays DTC definitions, Freeze Frame
data, and other pertinent test information messages.

9. MIL icon - Indicates the status of the Malfunction Indicator Lamp
(MIL).The MIL icon is visible only when a DTC has commanded the
MIL on the vehicle’s dashboard to light.

10. CODE icon - Identifies the Code Number Sequence display area.

11. PENDING icon - Indicates the currently displayed DTC is a

“Pending” code.

12. Code Number Sequence - The Code Reader assigns a

sequence number to each DTC that is present in the computer’s
memory, starting with “01.” This number indicates which code is
currently displayed.Code number “01” is always the highest prior­ity code, and the one for which “Freeze Frame” data has been
stored.

If “01” is a “Pending” code, there may or may not be
“Freeze Frame” data stored in memory.

13. Code Enumerator - Indicates the total number of codes retrieved

from the vehicle’s computer.

14. Generic DTC icon - When visible, indicates that the currently

displayed DTC is a “generic” or universal code.

15. Enhanced DTC icon - When visible, indicates that the currently

displayed DTC is a Manufacturer Specific Code.

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Onboard Diagnostics

COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS

COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS

The Introduction of Electronic Engine Controls

As a result of increased air pollution (smog) in large
cities, such as Los Angeles, the California Air Resources
Board (CARB) and the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) set new regulations and air pollution standards to
deal with the problem. To further complicate matters, the
energy crisis of the early 1970s caused a sharp increase in
fuel prices over a short period. As a result, vehicle manufac­turers were not only required to comply with the new emis­sions standards, they also had to make their vehicles more fuel­efficient. Most vehicles were required to meet a miles-per-gallon
(MPG) standard set by the U.S. Federal Government.

Precise fuel delivery and spark timing are needed to reduce vehicle
emissions.Mechanical engine controls in use at the time (such as igni­tion points, mechanical spark advance and the carburetor) responded
too slowly to driving conditions to properly control fuel delivery and
spark timing. This made it difficult for vehicle manufacturers to meet
the new standards.

A new Engine Control System had to be designed and integrated with
the engine controls to meet the stricter standards.The new system had
to:

■ Respond instantly to supply the proper mixture of air and fuel for

any driving condition (idle, cruising, low-speed driving, high-speed
driving, etc.).

■ Calculate instantly the best time to “ignite” the air/fuel mixture for

maximum engine efficiency.

■ Perform both these tasks without affecting vehicle performance or

fuel economy.

Vehicle Computer Control Systems can perform millions of calcula­tions each second.This makes them an ideal substitute for the slower
mechanical engine controls. By switching from mechanical to elec­tronic engine controls, vehicle manufacturers are able to control fuel
delivery and spark timing more precisely. Some newer Computer
Control Systems also provide control over other vehicle functions,
such as transmission, brakes, charging, body, and suspension sys­tems.

Electronic Computer Control Systems make it possible

for vehicle manufacturers to comply with the tougher emis-

sions and fuel efficiency standards mandated by

State and Federal Governments.

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Onboard Diagnostics

COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS

The Basic Engine Computer Control System

The on-board computer is the heart of the Computer
Control System.The computer contains several programs
with preset reference values for air/fuel ratio, spark or igni­tion timing, injector pulse width, engine speed, etc.
Separate values are provided for various driving conditions,
such as idle, low speed driving, high-speed driving, low load,
or high load. The preset reference values represent the ideal
air/fuel mixture, spark timing, transmission gear selection,
etc., for any driving condition.These values are programmed
by the vehicle manufacturer, and are specific to each vehicle model.

Most on-board computers are located inside the vehicle behind the
dashboard, under the passenger’s or driver’s seat, or behind the right
kick panel. However, some manufacturers may still position it in the
engine compartment.

Vehicle sensors, switches, and actuators are located throughout the
engine, and are connected by electrical wiring to the on-board
computer. These devices include oxygen sensors, coolant tempera­ture sensors, throttle position sensors, fuel injectors, etc.Sensors and
switches are input devices.They provide signals representing current
engine operating conditions to the computer. Actuators are output
devices. They perform actions in response to commands received
from the computer.

The on-board computer receives information inputs from sensors and
switches located throughout the engine.These devices monitor critical
engine conditions such as coolant temperature, engine speed, engine
load, throttle position, air/fuel ratio etc.

The Computer Control System consists of an on-board
computer and several related control devices (sensors,

switches, and actuators).

OUTPUT DEVICES

Fuel Injectors
Idle Air Control
EGR Valve
Ignition Module

INPUT DEVICES

Coolant Temperature Sensor
Throttle Position Sensor
Fuel Injectors

On-Board
Computer

TYPICAL COMPUTER

CONTROL SYSTEM

INPUT DEVICES

Oxygen Sensors