Epever Tracer1206A, Tracer1210A, Tracer2210A, Tracer3210A, Tracer4210A User Manual
User Manual
Models：
Tracer1206A /Tracer1210A
Tracer2210A/Tracer3210A/Tracer4210A
Tracer A Series
——MPPT Solar Charge Controller
Important Safety Instructions
Please reserve this manual for future review. This manual contains all
instructions of safety, installation and operation for Maximum Power Point
Tracking (MPPT) controller in Tracer A series ("the controller" is referred in this
manual).
General Safety Information
Read carefully all the instructions and warnings in the manual before
installation.
No user serviceable component inside controller. DO NOT disassemble or
attempt to repair the controller.
Mount the controller indoors. Prevent exposure to the elements and do not
allow water to enter the controller.
Install the controller in well ventilated places, the controller‟s heat sink may
become very hot during operation.
Suggested to install appropriate external fuses/breakers.
Make sure switching off all connections with PV array and the fuse/breakers
close to battery before controller installation and adjustment.
Power connections must remain tight to avoid excessive heating from a loose
connection.
Information générales sur la sécurité
Lisez toutes les instructions et précautions dans le manuel avant l'installation.
Il n‟y a aucune pièce utilisable pour l‟utilisateur à l‟intérieur du contrôleur. Ne
démontez pas ou n'essayez pas de réparer le contrôleur.
Montez le contrôleur en intérieur. Évitez l'exposition des éléments et ne laissez
pas d'eau entrer dans le contrôleur.
Installez le contrôleur Tracer dans un endroit bien ventilé, le dissipateur de
chaleur de l'Tracer peut devenir très chaud pendant l'utilisation.
Installez les fusibles / coupe-circuits comme indiqué.
Déconnectez le module solaire, le chargeur et le fusible / coupe-circuit proche
de la batterie avant l'installation ou le réglage du contrôleur.
Les connexions d'alimentation doivent rester à proximité pour évier une
chaleur excessive du fait d'une connexion trop lâche.
Contents
1 General Information .................................................................... 1
1.1 Overview ........................................................................... 1
1.2 Characteristics ................................................................... 2
1.3 Accessories Instructions .................................................... 3
1.4 Maximum Power Point Tracking Technology ...................... 3
1.5 Battery Charging Stage...................................................... 5
2 Installation Instructions ............................................................... 8
2.1 General Installation Notes .................................................. 8
2.2 PV Array Requirements ..................................................... 8
2.3 Wire Size ......................................................................... 10
2.4 Mounting ......................................................................... 11
3 Operation ................................................................................. 13
3.1 Button Function ............................................................... 13
3.2 LCD Display .................................................................... 13
3.3 Parameters setting .......................................................... 15
4 Protections, Troubleshooting and Maintenance ......................... 19
4.1 Protection ........................................................................ 19
4.2 Troubleshooting ............................................................... 20
4.3 Maintenance .................................................................... 20
5 Technical Specifications ........................................................... 22
Annex I Conversion Efficiency Curves ......................................... 24
Annex II Dimensions .................................................................... 29
1 General Information
1.1 Overview
Appreciate you for choosing MPPT solar charge controller, Tracer A series. Based
on common positive design and advanced MPPT control algorithm, with LCD
displaying running status, this product is artistic, economical and practical.
With MPPT control algorithm, in any situation, products of this series can fast and
accurately track out the best maximum power point (MPP) of photovoltaic array, in
order to obtain the maximum solar energy in time, which remarkably improves
energy efficiency. There is dual display function: local LCD panel and remote
meter. With Modbus communication protocol interface, it is convenient for
customers to expand applications and monitor in various fields like
telecommunication base station, household system, street lighting system,
wilderness monitoring system, etc.
All-round electronic fault self-test function and enhanced electronic protection
function could furthest avoid damages on system components resulting from
installation errors or system failures.
Feature:
Advanced Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technology, with efficiency
no less than 99.5%.
High quality components, perfecting system performance, with maximum
conversion efficiency of 98%.
Ultra-fast tracking speed and guaranteed tracking efficiency.
Accurately recognizing and tracking of multiple power points.
Reliable automatic limit function of maximum PV input power, ensuring no
overload.
Wide MPP operating voltage range.
12/24VDC automatically identifying system voltage.
LCD panel display design, dynamically displaying tool‟s operating data and
working condition.
Multiple load control modes: manual mode, light ON/OFF, light On+Timer and
test mode.
Support 3 charging preprogram options: Sealed, Gel, Flooded.
Battery temperature compensation function.
Real-time energy statistics function.
With RS-485 communication bus interface and Modbus communication
protocol, it is available to meet various communication requirements in different
situations.
1
Item
Name
Item
Name
①
Mounting hole sizeΦ5
⑥
Load Terminals
②
Select Button
⑦
RS-485 Port②
③
RTS Port①
⑧
Enter Button
④
PV Terminals
⑨
LCD
⑤
Battery Terminals
Figure 1-1 Tracer-A Series Characteristics
⑨
② ① ⑧ ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥
⑦
Available for PC monitoring and external display unit connecting like MT50 and
so on, realizing real-time data checking and parameters setting.
Support software upgrade.
1.2 Characteristics
Explanations:
① Connection for a RTS (Remote Temperature Sensor) to remotely detect
battery temperature.
② Monitor controller by PC, remote meter MT50 or APP and update controller
software via RS485 (RJ45 interface).
2
Input power (PPV)= Output power (P
Bat
)
Input voltage (V
Mpp
) *input current (IPV) =Battery voltage (V
Bat
) *battery current (I
Bat
)
1.3 Accessories Instructions
1) Remote Temperature Sensor (Model: RTS300R47K3.81A)
Acquisition of battery temperature for undertaking temperature compensation of
control parameters, the standard length of the cable is 3m (length can be
customized). The RTS300R47K3.81A connects to the port (3th) on the controller.
NOTE: Unplug the RTS, the temperature of battery will be set to a fixed value
25ºC.
2) Remote Meter (Model：MT50)
The digital remote meter displays system operating information, error indications,
parameters setting and self-diagnostics.
3) Super Parameter Programmer (Model: SPP-02)
The SPP-02 can realize one-button setting operation which is suitable for bulk
quantity products setting in the projects.
4) USB To RS-485 converter (Model: CC-USB-RS485-150U)
USB To RS-485 converter is used to monitor each controller on the network using
Solar Station PC software. The length of cable is 1.5m. TheCC-USB-RS485-150U
connects to the RS-485 Port on the controller.
1.4 Maximum Power Point Tracking Technology
Due to the nonlinear characteristics of solar array, there is a maximum energy
output point (Max Power Point) on its curve. Traditional controllers, with switch
charging technology and PWM charging technology, can‟t charge the battery at
the maximum power point, so can‟t harvest the maximum energy available from
PV array, but the solar charge controller with Maximum Power Point Tracking
(MPPT) Technology can lock on the point to harvest the maximum energy and
deliver it to the battery.
The MPPT algorithm of our company continuously compares and adjusts the
operating points to attempt to locate the maximum power point of the array. The
tracking process is fully automatic and does not need user adjustment.
As the Figure 1-2, the curve is also the characteristic curve of the array, the
MPPT technology will „boost‟ the battery charge current through tracking the MPP.
Assuming 100% conversion efficiency of the solar system, in that way, the
following formula is established:
Normally, the V
is always higher than V
Mpp
, Due to the principle of conservation
Bat
3
of energy, the I
V
Mpp &VBat,
discrepancy between array and battery, the bigger reduction of the conversion
efficiency of the system, thus the controller‟s conversion efficiency is particularly
important in the PV system.
Figure 1-2 is the maximum power point curve, the shaded area is charging range
of traditional solar charge controller (PWM Charging Mode), it can obviously
diagnose that the MPPT mode can improve the usage of the solar energy
resource. According to our test, the MPPT controller can raise 20%-30%
efficiency compared to the PWM controller. (Value may be fluctuant due to the
influence of the ambient circumstance and energy loss.)
is always higher than IPV. The greater the discrepancy between
Bat
the greater the discrepancy between IPV& I
. The greater the
Bat
Figure 1-2 Maximum Power Point Curve
In actual application, as shading from cloud, tree and snow, the panel maybe
appear Multi-MPP, but in actually there is only one real Maximum Power Point. As
the below Figure 1-3 shows:
Figure 1-3 Mutil-MPP Curve
4
Figure 1-4 Battery changing stage Curve
If the program works improperly after appearing Multi-MPP, the system will not
work on the real max power point, which may waste most solar energy resources
and seriously affect the normal operation of the system. The typical MPPT
algorithm, designed by our company, can track the real MPP quickly and
accurately, improve the utilization rate of the array and avoid the waste of
resources.
1.5 Battery Charging Stage
The controller has a 3 stages battery charging algorithm (Bulk Charging, Constant
Charging and Float Charging) for rapid, efficient, and safe battery charging.
A) Bulk Charging
In this stage, the battery voltage has not yet reached constant voltage (Equalize or
Boost Voltage), the controller operates in constant current mode, delivering its
maximum current to the batteries (MPPT Charging).
B) Constant Charging
When the battery voltage reaches the constant voltage setpoint, the controller will
start to operate in constant charging mode, this process is no longer MPPT
charging, and in the meantime the charging current will drop gradually, the
process is not the MPPT charging. The Constant Charging has 2 stages,
equalize and boost. These two stages are not carried out constantly in a full
charge process to avoid too much gas precipitation or overheating of battery.
5
Boost Charging
The Boost stage maintain 2 hours in default, user can adjust the constant time and
preset value of boost voltage according to demand.
The stage is used to prevent heating and excessive battery gassing.
Equalize Charging
WARNING: Explosive Risk!
Equalizing flooded battery would produce explosive gases, so well
ventilation of battery box is recommended.
CAUTION: Equipment damage!
Equalization may increase battery voltage to the level that
damages sensitive DC loads. Verify that all load allowable input
voltages are 11% greater than the equalizing charging set point
voltage.
CAUTION: Equipment damage!
Over-charging and excessive gas precipitation may damage the
battery plates and activate material shedding on them. Too high
an equalizing charge or for too long may cause damage.
Please carefully review the specific requirements of the battery
used in the system.
AVERTISSEMENT: Risque d‟explosion!
l'égalisation de batteries noyées peut produire des gaz explosifs,
donc il est recommandé de bien ventiler le boitier de la batterie.
ATTENTION: Dégât sur l'équipement!
L'égalisation peut augmenter la tension de la batterie jusqu'à un
niveau nuisible pour les charges CC sensibles. Vérifiez que la
tension d'entrée autorisées de toutes les charges disponibles sont
supérieures à 11% à la tension du point d'installation de
chargement d'égalisation.
ATTENTION: Dégât sur l'équipement!
Un chargement excessif et une précipitation de gaz peut
endommager les plaques de la batterie et la formation de matières
actives dessus. Un chargement trop fort ou une égalisation
prolongée peut causer des dégâts. Inspectez soigneusement les
conditions spécifiques de la batterie utilisée dans le système.
Some types of batteries benefit from equalizing charge on a regular basis, which
is able to stir electrolyte, balance battery voltage and accomplish chemical
reaction. Equalizing charge increases battery voltage, higher than the standard
complement voltage, which gasifies the battery electrolyte.
6
The controller will equalize the battery on 28th each month. The constant
equalization period is 0~180 minutes. If the equalization isn‟t accomplished in
one-time, the equalization recharge time will be accumulated until the set time is
finished. Equalize charge and boost charge are not carried out constantly in a full
charge process to avoid too much gas precipitation or overheating of battery.
NOTE:
1) Due to the influence of ambient circumstance or load working, the battery
voltage can’t be steady in constant voltage, controller will accumulate and
calculate the time of constant voltage working. When the accumulated time
reach to 3 hours, the charging mode will turn to Float Charging.
2) If the controller time is not adjusted, the controller will equalize charge
battery once every month following the inner time.
C) Float Charging
After the Constant voltage stage, the controller will reduce charging current to
Float Voltage setpoint. This stage will have no more chemical reactions and all
the charge current transforms into heat and gas at this time. Then the controller
reduces the voltage to the floating stage, charging with a smaller voltage and
current. It will reduce the temperature of the battery and prevent the gassing and
charging the battery slightly at the same time. The purpose of Float stage is to
offset the power consumption caused by self consumption and small loads in the
whole system, while maintaining full battery storage capacity.
In Float charging stage, loads are able to obtain almost all power from solar panel.
If loads exceed the power, the controller will no longer be able to maintain battery
voltage in Float charging stage. If the battery voltage remains below the Recharge
Voltage, the system will leave Float charging stage and return to Bulk charging
stage.
7
2 Installation Instructions
2.1 General Installation Notes
Before installation, please read through the entire installation instructions to
get familiar with the installation steps.
Be very careful when installing the batteries, especially flooded lead-acid
battery. Please wear eye protection, and have fresh water available to wash
and clean any contact with battery acid.
Keep the battery away from any metal objects, which may cause short circuit of
the battery.
Explosive battery gases may come out from the battery during charging, so
make sure ventilation condition is good.
Gel, Sealed or Flooded batteries are recommended, other kinds please refer to
the battery manufacturer.
Ventilation is highly recommended if mounted in an enclosure. Never install the
controller in a sealed enclosure with flooded batteries! Battery fumes from
vented batteries will corrode and destroy the controller circuits.
Loose power connections and corroded wires may result in high heat that can
melt wire insulation, burn surrounding materials, or even cause fire. Ensure
tight connections and use cable clamps to secure cables and prevent them from
swaying in mobile applications.
Battery connection may be wired to one battery or a bank of batteries. The
following instructions refer to a singular battery, but it is implied that the battery
connection can be made to either one battery or a group of batteries in a battery
bank.
Multiple same models of controllers can be installed in parallel on the same
battery bank to achieve higher charging current. Each controller must have its
own solar module(s).
Select the system cables according to 5A/mm2 or less current density in
accordance with Article 690 of the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70.
2.2 PV Array Requirements
Serial connection (string) of PV modules
As the core component of PV system, controller could be suitable for various
types of PV modules and maximize converting solar energy into electrical energy.
According to the open circuit voltage (Voc) and the maximum power point voltage
(V
) of the MPPT controller, the series number of different types PV modules
Mpp
can be calculated. The below table is for reference only.
8
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