XSR-1805, XSR-1850, and XSR-3250
(Hardware Version: REV 0A-G, Software Version: REL 6.3, Firmware Version: REL 6.3)
FIPS 140-2 Non-Proprietary
Security Policy
Level 2 Validation
Version 1.00
September 2003
This document may be freely reproduced and distributed whole and intact including this Copyright Notice.
© Copyright 2003 Enterasys Networks
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 3
URPOSE....................................................................................................................... 3
P
R
EFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 3
D
OCUMENT ORGANIZATION ............................................................................................. 3
ENTERASYS NETWORKS XSR-1805, XSR-1850, AND XSR-3250 ............................. 5
VERVIEW ..................................................................................................................... 5
O
C
RYPTOGRAPHIC MODULE .............................................................................................. 6
MODULE INTERFACES ..................................................................................................... 8
R
OLES AND SERVICES................................................................................................... 11
Crypto Officer Role.................................................................................................. 11
User Role ................................................................................................................ 14
Authentication Mechanisms .................................................................................... 14
P
HYSICAL SECURITY .....................................................................................................14
O
PERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................ 14
C
RYPTOGRAPHIC KEY MANAGEMENT ............................................................................. 16
Key Generation ....................................................................................................... 18
Key Establishment................................................................................................... 18
Key Entry and Output .............................................................................................. 18
Key Storage ............................................................................................................ 19
Key Zeroization ....................................................................................................... 19
S
ELF-TESTS................................................................................................................. 20
D
ESIGN ASSURANCE ..................................................................................................... 21
M
ITIGATION OF OTHER ATTACKS.................................................................................... 21
SECURE OPERATION ................................................................................................. 22
CRYPTO OFFICER GUIDANCE......................................................................................... 22
Initial Setup ............................................................................................................. 22
Management ........................................................................................................... 23
USER GUIDANCE .......................................................................................................... 24
ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................. 25
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Introduction
Purpose
This document is a nonproprietary Cryptographic Module Security Policy
for the Enterasys Networks XSR-1805, XSR-1850, and XSR-3250
appliances. This security policy describes how the XSR-1805, XSR-1850,
and XSR-3250 meet the security requirements of FIPS 140-2 and how to
run the modules in a secure FIPS 140-2 mode. This policy was prepared
as part of the Level 2 FIPS 140-2 validation of the module.
FIPS 140-2 (Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 140-2
— Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules) details the U.S.
Government requirements for cryptographic modules. More information
about the FIPS 140-2 standard and validation program is available on the
NIST Web site at http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval/
The Enterasys Networks XSR-1805, XSR-1850, and XSR-3250
appliances are referenced in this document as X-Pedition Security
Routers, XSR modules, and the modules. The XSR-1805 and XSR-1850
modules are also referenced as the XSR-18xx modules. The differences
between the three modules are cited where appropriate.
.
References
This document deals only with operations and capabilities of the module in
the technical terms of a FIPS 140-2 cryptographic module security policy.
More information is available on the module from the following sources:
The Enterasys Networks Web site (http://www.enterasys.com/) contains
information on all Enterasys Networks products.
The NIST Validated Modules Web site (http://csrc.ncsl.nist.gov/cryptval/
contains contact information for answers to technical or sales-related
questions for the module.
Document Organization
The Security Policy document is one document in a FIPS 140-2
Submission Package. In addition to this document, the Submission
Package contains:
Vendor Evidence document
Finite State Machine
Other supporting documentation as additional references
)
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This Security Policy and the other validation submission documentation
were produced by Corsec Security, Inc. under contract to Enterasys
Networks. With the exception of this Non-Proprietary Security Policy, the
FIPS 140-2 Validation Documentation is proprietary to Enterasys
Networks and can be released only under appropriate non-disclosure
agreements. For access to these documents, please contact Enterasys
Networks.
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ENTERASYS NETWORKS XSR-1805, XSR-1850, AND XSR-3250
Overview
Part of the Enterasys Networks X-Pedition Security Router (XSR) series,
the XSR-1805, XSR-1850, and XSR-3250 modules are networking
devices that combine a broad range of IP routing features, a broad range
of WAN interfaces and a rich suite of network security functions, including
site-to-site and remote access VPN connectivity and policy managed,
stateful-inspection firewall functionality.
The XSR-18xx modules were designed to meet the requirements of the
branch office, while the XSR-3250 was specifically designed for the
regional office. A typical deployment of the modules is shown in Figure 1
below.
Figure 1 – Typical Deployment of the XSR Modules
The XSR-1805 is an entry-level, modular router in a desktop form factor
delivering powerful performance and features to address the WAN, VPN,
and firewall needs of remote offices.
The XSR-1850 varies mainly in its performance and type of enclosure,
when compared to the XSR-1805. Delivering faster performance; a rackmount form factor; and the option for redundant power, the XSR-1850 is
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ideal to support mission- critical applications extending to the branch
office.
The XSR-3250 offers nearly ten times the performance speed of the XSR1850 and approximately 15 times more VPN tunnels. Coupling these
features with the six network interface module (NIM) slots makes the XSR3250 ideally suited to a regional office required to terminate up to six
T3/E3 or 24 T1/E1 connections. A redundant power supply is included.
The features of each XSR module are summarized in
XSR Model XSR-1805 XSR-1850 XSR-3250
NIM Slots
Fixed 10/100/1000 LAN
Ports
Optional Gigabit
Ethernet
Redundant Power
Supplies
VPN Accelerator
Flash Memory
DRAM
External Compact Flash
2 2 6
2 10/100 2 10/100 3
N/A N/A Mini-GBIC
No Option Standard
Embedded Embedded Embedded
8 MB
(upgradeable)
32 MB
(upgradeable)
Yes Yes Yes
Table 1 - Features At-a-Glance
8 MB
(upgradeable)
64 MB
(upgradeable)
Table 1.
8 MB
256 MB
(upgradeable)
Some highlighted security features of the XSR modules are:
• Telnet over IPSec or SSHv2-secured remote management of the
modules
• Site-to-Site application VPN using IPSec
• Remote access VPN using L2TP over IPSec
• Access control through assigned privilege level
• User, certificate, and host key database files encrypted with a
master encryption key
Cryptographic Module
The XSR modules were evaluated as multi-chip standalone cryptographic
modules. The metal enclosure physically encloses the complete set of
hardware and software components, and represents the cryptographic
boundary of each module.
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The hardware components for the XSR-18xx modules vary slightly to meet
the performance level for each module. The XSR-1850 is an enhancement
of the XSR-1805 consisting of the following additional features:
• Two fans
• External power source connector
• One PMC slot for PPMC card
• 19” 1.5 U rack-mount chassis
• 64 MB of DRAM
Due to the large difference in performance levels, the XSR-3250 hardware
components vary quite significantly, when compared to the XSR-18xx
modules. The main differences include the following:
• Different processor with two CPU cores
• Different hardware encryption accelerator
• Two extra NIM Carrier Cards (NCC) slots with two NIM slots on
each card
• One extra Ethernet port connected to both a miniGBIC module and
a RJ45 connector
• Dual load-sharing power supplies
• Redundant fans
• 256 MB of DRAM
XSR NIMs will operate on all three XSR modules.
All three modules use the software version XSR Release 6.3. The
modules software components consists of three separate executables
linked individually:
• Bootrom
• Power-up Diagnostics
• Software image
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The software image is contained in a single file with the power-up
diagnostics. It is based on the Nortel Open IP design model and runs on
top of the VxWorks operating system.
The modules are intended to meet overall FIPS 140-2 Level 2
requirements (see Table 2).
Section Section Title Level
1 Cryptographic Module Specification 2
2 Cryptographic Module Ports and Interfaces 2
3 Roles, Services, and Authentication 2
4 Finite State Model 2
5 Physical Security 2
6 Operational Environment N/A
7 Cryptographic Key Management 2
8 EMI/EMC 2
9 Self-tests 2
10 Design Assurance 2
11 Mitigation of Other Attacks N/A
Module Interfaces
Table 2 – Intended Level Per FIPS 140-2 Section
The XSR-1805 provides a number of physical ports:
• Two 10/100BaseT FastEthernet LAN ports
• One console port
• Two PCM slots
• One PCMCIA slot for the optional CompactFlash card
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• Ten status LEDs
• One power connector
• One power switch
• One default configuration button
The XSR-1850 implements the same physical ports as the XSR-1805 and
the following additional ones:
• External power source connector
• PPMC slot for Processor
The XSR-3250 varies to the XSR-1805 modules as follows:
• One additional power source connector
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• Three 10/100/1000BaseT GigabitEthernet LAN ports with two LEDs
on each port, instead of the two 10/100BaseT FastEthernet LAN
ports
• Mini-Gigabit Interface Converter (MGBIC) fiberoptic port plus two
LEDs
• Two NCC slots with two NIM slots on each card
• No power switch
• No default configuration button
All of these physical ports are separated into logical interfaces defined by
FIPS 140-2, as described in Table 3:
Module Physical Ports FIPS 140-2 Logical Interface
Network ports Data input interface
Network ports Data output interface
Network ports, console port,
power switch (XSR-18xx only),
default button (XSR-18xx only)
Network ports, console port,
LEDs
Power connector(s) Power interface
Control input interface
Status output interface
Table 3 – FIPS 140-2 Logical Interfaces
Data input and output, control input, and status output are defined as
follows:
• Data input and output are the packets that use the firewall, VPN,
and routing functionalities of the modules.
• Control input consists of manual control inputs for power and reset
through the power and reset switch. It also consists of all of the
data that is entered into the module while using the management
interfaces.
• Status output consists of the status indicators displayed through the
LEDs and the status data that is output from the modules while
using the management interfaces.
The modules distinguish between different forms of data, control, and
status traffic over the network ports by analyzing the packets header
information and contents.
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Roles and Services
The module supports role-based and identity-based authentication
are two main roles in the module (as required by FIPS 140-2) that
operators may assume: a Crypto Officer role and User role.
Crypto Officer Role
The Crypto Officer role has the ability to configure, manage, and monitor
the module. Three management interfaces can be used for this purpose:
• CLI – The Crypto Officer can use the CLI to perform non-securitysensitive and security-sensitive monitoring and configuration. The
CLI can be accessed locally by using the console port or remotely
by using Telnet over IPSec or the SSHv2 secured management
session.
• SNMP – The Crypto Officer can use SNMPv3 to remotely perform
non-security-sensitive monitoring and configuration.
• Bootrom Monitor Mode – In Bootrom monitor mode, the Crypto
Officer can reboot, update the Bootrom, issue file system-related
commands, modify network parameters, and issue various show
commands. The Crypto Officer can only enter this mode by
pressing the key combination CTRL-C during the first five seconds
of initialization. It can also be entered if Bootrom cannot find a valid
software file.
1
. There
Due to the different privilege levels (0-15) that can be assigned to each
user, the Crypto Officer role can be split into different types of
management users:
• Super Crypto Officer – Management users with a privilege level of
15 assume the Super Crypto Officer role. Since 15 is the highest
privilege level available, the Super Crypto Officer can issue all the
configuration and monitoring commands available through the CLI
and SNMP. Only the Super Crypto Officer can enter Bootrom
monitor mode.
• Junior Crypto Officer – Management users with a privilege level of
10 assume the Junior Crypto Officer role. The Junior Crypto Officer
can issue all monitoring commands with higher security level and
some configuration commands. Examples of commands are: show
running-config and show interfaces, and all SNMP show
commands.
1
Please note that overall the modules meet the level 2 requirements for Roles and Services.
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• Read-only Crypto Officer – Management users with privilege level
yp
zero assume the Read-only Crypto Officer role. The Read-only
Crypto Officer can only issue monitoring commands with low
security level. Examples of commands are: show version and show
clock.
Descriptions of the services available to the Crypto Officer role are
provided in the table below.
Service Description Input Output Critical Security
Parameter (CSP)
Access
SSH
IKE/IPSec Provide
SNMP Non-security-
Bootrom Monitor
Mode
Configuring
Network
Provide
authenticated and
encrypted remote
management
sessions while
using the CLI
authenticated and
encrypted remote
management
sessions while
using Telnet to
access the CLI
functionality
sensitive
monitoring and
configuration using
SNMPv3 (with
standard MIB-II
and proprietary
MIB support)
Reboot, update the
Bootrom, issue file
system-related
commands, modify
network
parameters, and
issue various show
commands
Create or specify
master encr
tion
SSH key
agreement
parameters, SSH
inputs, and data
IKE inputs and
data; IPSec inputs,
commands, and
data
Commands and
configuration data
Commands and
configuration data
Commands and
configuration data
SSH outputs and
data
IKE outputs,
status, and data;
IPSec outputs,
status, and data
Status of
commands,
configuration data
Status of
commands,
configuration data
Status of
commands and
DSA (SSHv2) host
key pair (read
access), DiffieHellman key pair
(read/write
access), session
key for SSH
(read/write
access), PRNG
keys (read
access); Crypto
Officer’s password
(read access)
RSA key pair for
IKE (read access),
Diffie-Hellman key
pair for IKE
(read/write
access), preshared keys for
IKE (read access);
Session keys for
IPSec (read/write
access)
Crypto Officer’s
SNMP password
(read/write access)
Crypto Officer’s
Bootrom password
(read/write access)
Master encryption
key (read/write
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Management key; create DSA
host key for
SSHv2; create
management users
and set their
password and
configuration data access), DSA host
key pair (read/write
access), Crypto
Officer’s password
for CLI and SNMP
(read/write access)
privilege level;
configure the
SNMP agent
Configuring the
T1/E1 Subsystem
Interfaces
Configuring the
XSR Platform
Define the T1/E1
subsystem
functionality
Define the platform
subsystem
software of the
Commands and
configuration data
Commands and
configuration data
Status of
commands and
configuration data
Status of
commands and
configuration data
None
None
module by entering
Bootrom Monitor
Mode, File System,
fault report,
message logging,
and other platform
related commands
Configuring
Hardware
Controllers
Configuring the
Internet Protocol
Define
synchronization
Commands and
configuration data
features for module
Set IP functionality Commands and
configuration data
Status of
commands and
configuration data
Status of
commands and
None
None
configuration data
Configuring Frame
Relay
Configuring ISDN Configure BRI/PRI
Configuring Quality
of Service (QOS)
Define Frame
Relay interface
features
functionality on
module
Configure QOS
values for module
Commands and
configuration data
Commands and
configuration data
Commands and
configuration data
Status of
commands and
configuration data
Status of
commands and
configuration data
Status of
commands and
None
None
None
configuration data
Configuring the
VPN
Configure Public
Key Infrastructure
(PKI); configure the
Internet Key
Exchange (IKE)
Commands and
configuration data
Status of
commands and
configuration data
RSA keys pair
(read/write
access), Preshared
key (read/write
access)
Security Protocol;
configure the
IPSec protocol
Configuring DHCP Configure DHCP
on module
Commands and
configuration data
Status of
commands and
None
configuration data
Configuring
Security
Define security
features for
module, including
Access List, AAA,
and firewall
functionality
Commands and
configuration data
Status of
commands and
configuration data
AAA user
password
(read/write
access), RADIUS
password
(read/write access)
Configuring Define the Commands and Status of None.
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Firewall authorization
g
information for
network traffic that
flows through the
box.
Table 4 – Crypto Officer Services, Descriptions, Inputs and Outputs, and CSPs
configuration data. commands and
configuration data.
User Role
The User role accesses the module’s IPSec and IKE services. Service
descriptions, inputs and outputs, and CSPs are listed in the following
table:
Service Description Input Output CSP
IKE Access the module IKE
functionality to
authenticate to the
module and negotiate IKE
and IPSec session keys
IPSec Access the module’s
IPSec services in order to
secure network traffic
IKE inputs and data IKE outputs,
status, and data
IPSec inputs,
commands, and
data
IPSec outputs,
status, and data
RSA key pair for
IKE (read
access); DiffieHellman key
pair for IKE
(read and write
access); preshared keys for
IKE (read
access)
Session keys for
IPSec (read and
write access)
Table 5 – User Services, Descriptions, Inputs and Outputs
Authentication Mechanisms
The module supports role-based and identity-based authentication. Rolebased authentication is performed before the Super Crypto Officer enters
Bootrom monitor mode and authenticates with just a password (and no
user ID). Identity-based authentication is performed for all other types of
Crypto Officer and User authentication. These include password-based
authentication, RSA-based authentication, and HMAC-based
authentication mechanisms.
The estimated strength of each authentication mechanism is described
below.
Authentication Type Role Strength
Password-based
authentication (CLI, SNMP,
and Bootrom monitor mode)
RSA-based authentication
(IKE)
Crypto Officer Passwords are required to be at least six
characters long. Numeric, alphabetic (upper
and lowercase), and keyboard and
extended characters can be used, which
gives a total of 95 characters to choose
from. Considering only the case-insensitive
alphabet using a password with repetition,
the number of potential passwords is 26^6.
User RSA signing and verification is used to
authenticate to the module durin
IKE. This
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Pre-shared key-based
authentication (IKE)
The firewall mechanism can only be configured by the Crypto-Officer who
authorizes the traffic that flows through the module.
Physical Security
The XSR modules are multi-chip standalone cryptographic modules,
which were tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
The modules are entirely contained within hard metal enclosures. The
enclosure is resistant to probing and is opaque within the visible spectrum.
The enclosures have been designed to satisfy level 2 physical security
requirements. The ventilation holes on all three modules have been
designed with baffling and less than 1/16
for the XSR-1850 and the XSR-3250, as soon as a cover (top or bottom)
is removed, the nonvolatile RAM of the Real Time Clock chip is cleared,
causing the master encryption key, which is used to encrypt user,
certificate, and host key database files, to be zeroized.
mechanism is as strong as the RSA
algorithm using a 1024 bit key pair.
User HMAC SHA-1 generation and verification is
used to authenticate to the module during
IKE with preshared keys. This mechanism
is as strong as the HMAC with SHA-1
algorithm. Additionally, preshared keys
must be at least six characters long. Even if
only uppercase letters were used without
repetition for a six character preshared key,
the probability of randomly guessing the
correct sequence is one in 165,765,600.
Table 6 – Estimated Strength of Authentication Mechanisms
th
an inch diameter. Additionally,
All three modules require tamper-evident labels to be applied to protect
and to notify of any tampering with the modules. Depending on whether
the NIM slots are used, the XSR-1805 requires a minimum of seven and a
maximum of nine labels to be applied, the XSR-1850 requires a minimum
of five and a maximum of seven labels, and the XSR-3250 requires a
minimum of four and a maximum of six labels. The labels are employed by
the Crypto Officer as described in the Installation Guide: Attaching XSR
Security Labels.
Operational Environment
The operational environment requirements do not apply to these modules.
The XSR modules do not provide a general-purpose operating system, but
rather a non-modifiable and embedded operating system.
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Cryptographic Key Management
The modules implement the following FIPS-approved algorithms:
Type Algorithm Standard Certificate Number
Symmetric
Hash function SHA-1 FIPS 180-1 Cert. #143, #197, #198,
MAC HMAC SHA-1 FIPS 198 Cert. #143, #197, #198,
PRNG Appendix 3.1 (Algorithm
Table 7 – FIPS-Approved Algorithm supported by the Module
AES (CBC) FIPS 197 Cert. #48, #106, #107
Triple-DES (CBC and
ECB)
DES (CBC) FIPS 46-3 Cert. #204, #238, #239,
DSA FIPS 186-2 Change
RSA Digital Signature PKCS #1 Vendor affirmed
1) for computing DSA
keys
Appendix 3.1 for
general purpose
FIPS 46-3 Cert. #158, #218, #219,
#220
#240
Cert. #97 Asymmetric
Notice 1
#199
#199; vendor affirmed
FIPS 186-2 Change
Notice 1
N/A
Note: DES should be used for legacy purposes only.
The modules implement the following non-FIPS-approved algorithms:
• HMAC MD5
• MD5
• MD4
• 40-bit and 128-bit RC4
• CAST
• Blowfish
• Twofish
• ARCfour
• Diffie-Hellman (permitted for use in a FIPS-approved mode of
operation)
Cryptographic algorithms are implemented in software and in hardware by
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the encryption accelerators. The encryption accelerators implement the
following FIPS-approved algorithms:
• XSR-18xx – Triple-DES, DES, and HMAC SHA-1
• XSR-3250 – AES, Triple-DES, DES, and HMAC SHA-1
Cryptographic processing is performed during SSHv2, SNMPv3, IKE,
IPSec, and when accessing and storing database files.
The module supports the following critical and non-critical security
parameters:
CSPs and noncritical SPs
Key encryption
key
Master encryption
key
DSA host key pair 160-bit DSA
IKE RSA key pair 1024-bit RSA
IKE User RSA
public keys
Pre-shared keys ≥ 6-character pre-
IKE Diffie-Hellman
key pair
IKE User DiffieHellman public key
SSHv2 DiffieHellman key pair
SSHv2 User DiffieHellman public key
SSHv2 session
keys
CSPs and noncritical SPs type
168-bit TDES key External Hard-coded in
168-bit TDES key Internal – using
private key and
1024-bit DSA
public key
private/public key
pair
1024-bit RSA
public key
shared key
768/1024/1536-bit
Diffie-Hellman
private/public key
pair
768/1024/1536-bit
Diffie-Hellman
public key
768/1024/1536-bit
Diffie-Hellman
private/public key
pair
768/1024/1536-bit
Diffie-Hellman
public key
168-bit TDES or
128/192/256-bit
AES keys; HMAC
SHA-1 keys
Generation Storage Use
Encrypts master
plaintext
Stored encrypted
FIPS 186-2 PRNG
Or
External
Internal – using
FIPS 186-2 PRNG
Internal – using
FIPS 186-2 PRNG
External Stored encrypted
External Stored encrypted
Internal – using
FIPS 186-2 PRNG
External Stored in plaintext
Internal – using
FIPS 186-2 PRNG
External Stored in plaintext
Established during
the SSH key
exchange using
the Diffie-Hellman
key agreement
in NVRAM of the
Dallas DS1687
real time clock
chip
Stored encrypted
in Flash
Stored encrypted
in Flash
in Flash
in Flash
Stored in plaintext
in memory
in memory
Stored in plaintext
in memory
in memory
Stored in plaintext
in memory
encryption key
Encrypts user data,
certificates, and
DSA host key, and
the load test HMAC
SHA-1 key
Module
authentication
during SSHv2
Module
authentication
during IKE
User authentication
during IKE
User and module
authentication
during IKE
Key agreement
during IKE
Key agreement
during IKE
Key agreement
during SSHv2
Key agreement
during SSHv2
Secure SSH traffic
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IPSec session
keys
Load test HMAC
SHA-1 key
Passwords ≥ 6-character
56-bit DES, 168-bit
TDES, or
128/192/256-bit
AES keys; HMAC
SHA-1 key
≥ 80-bit HMAC
SHA-1 key
password
(SNMPv3 requires
at least 8
characters)
Key Generation
Established during
the Diffie-Hellman
key agreement
External Stored encrypted
External If stored in
Table 8 – Listing CSPs for the Module
Stored in plaintext
in memory
in NVRAM of the
real time clock
chip
configuration file,
passwords are
stored in plaintext
in Flash; if stored
in user.dat,
passwords are
stored encrypted
in Flash; Bootrom
passwords are
stored in plaintext
in NVRAM of the
real time clock
Secure IPSec
traffic
Compute and verify
the HMAC SHA-1
value for the
software load test
Crypto Officer
authentication for
accessing the
management
interfaces (CLI,
SNMPv3, and
Bootrom Moniot
Mode), RADIUS
authentication
The RSA key pair used during IKE, the DSA host key pair used during
SSHv2, and the Diffie-Hellman key pairs used during IPSec and SSHv2
are all generated within the module. Additionally, each module gives the
option to generate the 3-key Triple-DES master encryption key within the
module. All keys that are generated within a module are generated using a
FIPS-approved PRNG.
Key Establishment
The modules implement SSHv2 and IKE for automatic key establishment.
These protocols implement the Diffie-Hellman key agreement to establish
shared secrets.
Key Entry and Output
Three types of secret keys can be entered in plaintext form into the
modules: the master encryption key, pre-shared keys, and the load test
HMAC SHA-1 key. The master encryption key can either be specified or
generated within the module. Pre-shared keys, if chosen as the
authentication method for IKE, must always be entered into the module by
the Crypto Officer. The HMAC SHA-1 key must be entered into the
module before a valid software file is loaded into the module.
The three keys are entered electronically if the SSH or the Telnet over
IPSec secured remote session is used or manually if the module is
accessed locally through the console port. When these keys are manually
entered, a manual key entry test is performed.
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If the master encryption key is generated within the module, the module
outputs the key to the console as soon as the key is generated in order for
the Crypto Officer to note down and store the key securely outside of the
module. This is required, since the Crypto Officer must enter the current
key before changing or removing it. The master secret key can only be
configured through the serial console or over an SSH tunnel.
Key Storage
The three-key Triple-DES key encryption key used to encrypt the master
encryption key is hard-coded in plaintext form. The master encryption key
is stored encrypted in the extended NVRAM of the Real Time Clock chip.
This 3-key Triple-DES key is used to encrypt the user data, certificates,
and host key database files (user.dat, cert.dat and hostkey.dat) stored in
Flash. Hostkey.dat contains the DSA host key pair, cert.dat contains the
certificates (including the module’s RSA key pair), and user.dat contains
all other CSPs set for the users (pre-shared keys and passwords).
The master encryption key is also used to encrypt the load test HMAC
SHA-1 key, which is also stored in the NVRAM of the Real Time Clock
chip.
The CLI passwords are stored in plaintext form in the startup-config file in
Flash. The SNMP passwords are stored in plaintext form in the privateconfig file in Flash. The Bootrom password is stored in NVRAM of the
Real Time Clock.
Session keys are stored in plaintext form in RAM.
Key Zeroization
The CSPs contained within the database files and the load test HMAC
SHA-1 key do not need to be zeroized, since they are encrypted with the
master encryption key. The master encryption key can be zeroized by
either overwriting the key with a new one, removing it through the CLI, or
by pressing the default configuration button (XSR-18xx only) or entering
the bootrom password incorrectly five times (XSR-3250). Pressing this
button reboots the module and enforces default configuration. The hardcoded key encryption key used to encrypt the master encryption key can
be zeroized by formatting the Flash file system or CompactFlash card.
Passwords can be zeroized by overwriting them with new ones or by
pressing the default configuration button (XSR-18xx only).
Session keys can be zeroized by rebooting the module.
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Self-Tests
The module performs a set of self-tests in order to ensure proper
operation in compliance with FIPS 140-2. These self-tests are run during
power-up (power-up self-tests) or when certain conditions are met
(conditional self-tests).
Power-up Self-tests:
• Software integrity tests: the modules use an EDC, in the form of an
MD5 checksum, to check the integrity of its various components
• Cryptographic algorithm tests:
o AES-CBC KAT
o DES-CBC KAT
o Triple-DES-CBC KAT
o PRNG KAT
o RSA pair-wise consistency test (signing and verification)
o DSA pair-wise consistency test
o SHA-1 KAT
o HMAC SHA-1 KAT
• Bypass mode test: the module performs SHA-1 check value
verification to ensure that the IPSec policies are not modified.
• Software load test: the module uses HMAC SHA-1 to check the
validity of the software. Only validated software can be loaded into
the modules.
• Critical function test: during cold boot, the module performs powerup diagnostics to verify the functionality of installed hardware
(memory and interfaces).
Conditional Self-tests:
• RSA pair-wise consistency test: this test is performed when RSA
keys are generated for IKE.
• DSA pair-wise consistency test: this test is performed when DSA
keys are generated for SSHv2.
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• Continuous random number generator test: this test is constantly
run to detect failure of the random number generator of the module.
• Manual key entry test: when entering a pre-shared key, master
encryption key, or load test HMAC SHA-1 key, the module performs
the manual key entry test by requesting the Crypto Officer to enter
the key in twice.
• Software load test: the module uses HMAC SHA-1 to check the
validity of the software. Only validated software can be loaded into
the modules.
• Bypass mode test: the module performs SHA-1 check value
verification to ensure that the policy files are not modified.
If any of the power-up self-tests fail (excluding the interface diagnostic
tests), the module enters the Critical Error state and reboots. When the
power-up software load test fails, the module enters the Critical Error
state, rather than rebooting the module deletes the invalid software file
and enters the Bootrom Monitor Mode state.
If any of the conditional self-tests fail (except for the continuous RNG test
and the bypass mode test), the module enters the Non-Critical Error state.
All cryptographic processing and data output for the problem service is
halted until the error state is cleared by the Crypto Officer. If the
continuous RNG test or the conditional bypass mode test fails, the module
will enter the Critical Error state and reboot.
When the module fails a power-up or conditional self-test, it will output an
error indicator via the console port.
Design Assurance
Source code and associated documentation files are managed and
recorded by using the configuration management tool ClearCase.
The Enterasys hardware data, which includes Description, Part Data, Part
Type, BOM, Manufacturers, Changes, History, and hardware documents
are managed and recorded using Agile Workplace.
The FIPS documentation were managed and recorded by using Microsoft
Visual Source Safe version 6.0.
Mitigation of Other Attacks
The modules do not employ security mechanisms to mitigate specific
attacks.
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SECURE OPERATION
The XSR modules meet level 2 requirements for FIPS 140-2. The sections
below describe how to place and keep the module in a FIPS-approved
mode of operation. The Crypto Officer must ensure that the module is kept
in a FIPS-approved mode of operation. The procedures are described in
“Crypto Officer Guidance”.
The User can use the module after the Crypto Officer changes the mode
of operation to FIPS mode. The secure operation for the User is described
in “User Guidance” on page 24.
Crypto Officer Guidance
The secure operation procedures for the Crypto Officer are covered in the
initial setup and Management section. Following these procedures ensure
that the module runs in a FIPS-compliant manner.
Initial Setup
The Crypto Officer receives the module in a carton. Within the carton the
module is placed inside an ESD bag. The Crypto Officer should examine
the carton and the ESD bag for evidence of tampering. Tamper-evidence
includes tears, scratches, and other irregularities in the packaging.
Since the module does not enforce an access control mechanism before it
is initialized, the Crypto Officer must maintain control of the module at all
times until the initial setup is complete.
Before turning on the module, the Crypto Officer must ensure that the
module meets level 2 physical security requirements. To satisfy these
requirements, the Crypto Officer must apply the tamper-evident labels
provided in the FIPS kit. The Installation Guide: Attaching XSR Security
Labels detail how the labels must be applied to each module.
After all the labels are in place, the Crypto Officer can open a Console
session to the XSR using Microsoft’s HyperTerminal, Procomm or other
program. The session properties must be set as follows: BPS – 9600,
Data bits – 8, Parity – none, Stop bits – 1, Flow control – none.
Setting Passwords
During the first five seconds of initialization, the Crypto Officer must press
the key combination CTRL-C to enter Bootrom monitor mode. After the
Crypto Officer accesses the mode, the Crypto Officer must set the at least
six character long Bootrom password.
To set the Bootrom password
1. Enter bp
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2. At the prompt <Enter current password: >, press Enter.
3. At the prompt <Enter new password: >, enter the password.
4. At the prompt <Re-enter new password: >, re-enter the password.
5. At the prompt, enter bc for cold boot.
The Crypto Officer must now set the at least six character long CLI
password.
To set the CLI password
1. When the XSR login appears, enter admin and enter no (blank)
password.
2. At the CLI prompt, enter enable to acquire Privileged EXEC mode.
3. Enter configure to acquire Global mode.
4. Enter username <Super Crypto Officer name> privilege 15
password secret 0 <password>.
If the Super Crypto Officer name is not admin, the Super Crypto Officer
must log into the newly created account and delete the admin user.
After setting the Bootrom and CLI passwords, the Crypto Officer can
configure the LAN ports and activate SSH to enable the remote
management of the module. For directions, refer to the XSR Quick Start
Guide, XSR Getting Started Guide, XSR User’s Guide, and the CLI
Reference Guide.
Management
The Crypto Officer must ensure that the module is always operating in a
FIPS-approved mode of operation. This can be achieved by ensuring the
following:
5. Enter exit.
6. Enter copy running-config startup-config.
7. At the prompt, enter y.
• Passwords must be at least six characters long.
• Telnet access must be disabled unless used over IPSec.
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• Dial backup access must be disabled.
• Syslog remote logging must be disabled.
• VPN services can only be provided by IPSec or L2TP over IPSec.
• Only SNMPv3 can be enabled.
• If cryptographic algorithms can be set for services (such as
IKE/IPSec and SNMP), only FIPS-approved algorithms can be
specified. These include the following:
o AES
o Triple-DES
o DES
o SHA-1
o HMAC SHA-1
o DSA
User Guidance
o RSA signature and verification
• FTP and TFTP can only be used to load valid software files.
(FTP and TFTP over IPSec can be used to transfer configuration
files.)
• The module logs must be monitored. If a strange activity is found,
the Crypto Officer should take the module off line and investigate.
• The tamper-evident labels must be regularly examined for signs of
tampering.
The User accesses the module VPN functionality as an IPSec client.
Although outside the boundary of the module, the User should be careful
not to provide authentication information and session keys to other parties.
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ACRONYMS
AAA Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
ANSI American National Standards Institute
BOM Bill of Materials
CLI Command Line Interface
CSP Critical Security Parameter
DES Data Encryption Standard
DSA Digital Signature Standard
EDC Error Detection Code
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
ESD Electro Static Dissipative
FCC Federal Communication Commission
FIPS Federal Information Processing Standard
FTP File Transfer Protocol
IKE Internet Key Exchange
IPSec IP Security
KAT Known Answer Test
L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
LAN Local Area Network
LED Light Emitting Diode
MAC Message Authentication Code
MIB Management Information Base
NIM Network Interface Module
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
NVRAM Nonvolatile Random Access Memory
PRNG Pseudo Random Number Generator
RAM Random Access Memory
RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service
RSA Rivest Shamir and Adleman
SHA Secure Hash Algorithm
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SP Security Parameters
SSH Secure Shell
TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol
VPN Virtual Private Network
WAN Wide Area Network
XSR X-Pedition Security Router
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