Enterasys Networks Fast Network 10 User Manual
FN10-12
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FAST NETWORK 10
USER GUIDE
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Usr
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TX
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NMS Port
Reset Ready
Pwr
NMS Port
NOTICE
Cabletron Systems reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information
contained in this document without prior notice. The reader should in all cases consult Cabletron
Systems to determine whether any such changes have been made.
The hardware, firmware, or software described in this manual is subject to change without notice.
IN NO EVENT SHALL CABLETRON SYSTEMS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL,
INDIRECT, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING BUT
NOT LIMITED TO LOST PROFITS) ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS MANUAL OR
THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN IT, EVEN IF CABLETRON SYSTEMS HAS BEEN
ADVISED OF, KNOWN, OR SHOULD HAVE KNOWN, THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGES.
Copyright March 1996 by Cabletron Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 5005, Rochester, NH 03866-5005
All Rights Reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Order Number: 9031805-01 May 1996
All other product names mentioned in this manual may be trademarks or registered trademarks of
their respective companies.
Printed on Recycled Paper
Fast Network 10 User Guide i
FCC NOTICE
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any
interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
NOTE:
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
This equipment uses, generates, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed in
accordance with the operator’s manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user
will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
WARNING:
party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
Changes or modifications made to this device which are not e xpressly appro v ed by the
DOC NOTICE
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital
apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of
Communications.
Le présent appareil numérique n’émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les limites applicables
aux appareils numériques de la class A prescrites dans le Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique
édicté par le ministère des Communications du Canada.
VCCI NOTICE
This equipment is in the 1st Class Category (information equipment to be used in commercial and/or
industrial areas) and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference
by Information T echnology Equipment (VCCI) aimed at preventing radio interference in commercial
and/or industrial areas.
Consequently, when used in a residential area or in an adjacent area thereto, radio interference may be
caused to radios and TV receivers, etc.
Read the instructions for correct handling.
ii Fast Network 10 User Guide
CABLETRON SYSTEMS, INC. PROGRAM LICENSE AGREEMENT
IMPORTANT:
This document is an agreement between you, the end user, and Cabletron Systems, Inc. (“Cabletron”)
that sets forth your rights and obligations with respect to the Cabletron software program (the
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media. BY UTILIZING THE ENCLOSED PRODUCT, YOU ARE AGREEING TO BECOME
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PRODUCT TO THE PLACE OF PURCHASE FOR A FULL REFUND.
Before utilizing this product, carefully read this License Agreement.
CABLETRON SOFTWARE PROGRAM LICENSE
1. LICENSE
package subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.
You may not copy, reproduce or transmit any part of the Program except as permitted by the
Copyright Act of the United States or as authorized in writing by Cabletron.
2. OTHER RESTRICTIONS. You may not reverse engineer, decompile, or disassemble the
Program.
3. APPLICABLE LA W. This License Agreement shall be interpreted and governed under the laws
and in the state and federal courts of New Hampshire. You accept the personal jurisdiction and
venue of the New Hampshire courts.
. You have the right to use only the one (1) copy of the Program provided in this
EXCLUSION OF WARRANTY AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY
1. EXCLUSION OF
writing, Cabletron makes no warranty, expressed or implied, concerning the Program (including
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CABLETRON DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, OTHER THAN THOSE SUPPLIED TO
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BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
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2. NO LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT SHALL
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(INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS,
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YOU.
Fast Network 10 User Guide iii
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS
The enclosed product (a) was developed solely at private expense; (b) contains “restricted computer
software” submitted with restricted rights in accordance with Section 52227-19 (a) through (d) of the
Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights Clause and its successors, and (c) in all respects
is proprietary data belonging to Cabletron and/or its suppliers.
For Department of Defense units, the product is licensed with “Restricted Rights” as defined in the
DoD Supplement to the Federal Acquisition Regulations, Section 52.227-7013 (c) (1) (ii) and its
successors, and use, duplication, disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in
subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at
252.227-7013. Cabletron Systems, Inc., 35 Industrial Way, Rochester, New Hampshire 03867-0505.
iv Fast Network 10 User Guide
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 About This Manual.......................................................................1-1
1.2 Getting Help.................................................................................1-2
1.3 Document Conventions...............................................................1-3
1.4 Related Documentation...............................................................1-4
1.5 Overview......................................................................................1-4
1.5.1 FN10 Architecture...........................................................1-6
1.5.1.1 Store and Forward Switching.........................1-7
1.5.1.2 Discarding Local Traffic..................................1-8
1.5.1.3 Spanning Tree Algorithm................................1-8
1.5.2 FN10 Bridge Address Table ...........................................1-9
1.5.3 FN10 Filtering ...............................................................1-10
1.5.4 FN10 Sample Applications ...........................................1-11
1.5.4.1 FN10 Trunking..............................................1-11
1.5.4.2 FN10’s Fast Ethernet Option........................1-12
1.5.4.3 Virtual Workgroups.......................................1-14
1.6 Local Console Manager.............................................................1-15
1.6.1 Command Syntax Conventions ....................................1-16
1.6.2 Basic LCM Commands................................................. 1-17
1.6.2.1 Help..............................................................1-18
1.6.2.2 Erase............................................................1-18
1.6.2.3 Exit ............................................................... 1-19
1.6.2.4 Logout .......................................................... 1-19
1.6.2.5 Traplog.........................................................1-19
CHAPTER 2 UNPACKING AND INSTALLING YOUR FN10
2.1 FN10 Panels................................................................................2-1
2.2 Installing the FN10.......................................................................2-4
2.2.1 Checking the Power-up Diagnostics Sequence.............. 2-6
2.3 Connecting the Local Console Manager ..................................... 2-7
2.4 Connecting the FN10 to the Network .......................................... 2-8
2.4.1 Connecting the AUI Interface.......................................... 2-9
2.5 Adding or Replacing the Optional Fast Ethernet Module ............ 2-9
FastNET 10 User Guide v
Contents
CHAPTER 3 CONFIGURING YOUR FN10
3.1 Assigning IP Addresses...............................................................3-3
3.1.1 Displaying IP Addresses .................................................3-4
3.1.2 Deleting an IP Address....................................................3-4
3.1.3 Changing a Subnet Mask................................................3-4
3.2 Enabling Bridging.........................................................................3-5
3.3 Disabling Bridging........................................................................3-6
3.4 Displaying Bridging Functions......................................................3-6
3.5 Enabling Trunking........................................................................3-7
3.6 Disabling Trunking .......................................................................3-9
3.7 Displaying Trunking Status ........................................................3-10
3.8 Defining and Deleting Workgroups ............................................3-12
3.9 Assigning a Community Name...................................................3-15
3.10 Configuring Multicast Storm Protection......................................3-16
3.11 Modifying MIB Variables ............................................................3-17
3.11.1 System Contact.............................................................3-17
3.11.2 System Name................................................................3-17
3.11.3 System Location............................................................3-17
3.11.4 Authentication Password...............................................3-18
3.11.5 Aging Parameter ...........................................................3-18
CHAPTER 4 MONITORING AND MANAGING YOUR FN10
4.1 FN10 Management Tools ............................................................4-1
4.2 FN10 Statistics.............................................................................4-2
4.2.1 Pseudo Filters .................................................................4-3
4.2.2 Gathering Statistics.........................................................4-3
4.2.3 System Statistics.............................................................4-3
4.2.4 Ethernet Port Statistics....................................................4-4
4.2.5 MAC Statistics.................................................................4-6
4.2.6 Traffic Analysis Statistics.................................................4-7
4.2.7 SNMP Statistics...............................................................4-7
4.3 Using LCM to Check FN10 Status...............................................4-9
4.3.1 Displaying Status.............................................................4-9
4.3.2 Displaying MAC Addresses...........................................4-11
4.3.3 Displaying Manufacturing Information...........................4-14
4.4 Managing the FN10 ...................................................................4-14
vi FastNET 10 User Guide
Contents
4.5 Using LCM to Manage the FN10...............................................4-15
4.5.1 Disabling a Port ............................................................4-15
4.5.2 Enabling a Port .............................................................4-16
4.5.2.1 noRIP Option................................................4-16
4.5.3 Changing a Subnet Mask .............................................4-17
4.5.4 Changing a Community Name...................................... 4-18
4.5.5 Setting the Baud Rate................................................... 4-18
4.5.6 Setting a Reboot Time..................................................4-19
CHAPTER 5 FN10 FILTERS
5.1 Bridge Address Table Filters.......................................................5-1
5.1.1 Source Address Filter .....................................................5-3
5.1.2 Source Address Multicast Filter...................................... 5-3
5.1.3 Destination Address Filter............................................... 5-4
5.2 Port Filters...................................................................................5-4
5.2.1 Configurable Fields.........................................................5-5
5.2.1.1 Pseudo Filtering ............................................. 5-6
5.2.1.2 Filter Links......................................................5-6
5.3 Using Filters for Security Purposes...........................................5-10
5.4 Using Filters to Enhance Network Performance........................5-16
5.5 Configuring a Port Filter.............................................................5-19
5.5.1 Modifying a Port Filter...................................................5-22
5.5.2 Deleting a Port Filter..................................................... 5-23
5.6 Filtering and Performance Considerations................................5-23
CHAPTER 6 FN10 DIAGNOSTICS AND TROUBLESHOOTING
6.1 Power-up Diagnostics..................................................................6-1
6.1.1 Power-up LED Sequence ...............................................6-2
6.1.2 Specific Power-up Tests................................................. 6-2
6.1.3 Software Checksum Comparison ...................................6-3
6.1.4 Power-up Diagnostics Results........................................6-3
6.2 Responses to Failures at Power-up ............................................ 6-3
6.3 Diagnostic Loopback Tests ......................................................... 6-3
6.3.1 Loopback Tests ..............................................................6-4
6.4 Status and Activity Indicators ...................................................... 6-4
6.5 Troubleshooting...........................................................................6-7
6.5.1 FN10 Does Not Power Up ..............................................6-7
6.5.2 Connectivity Problems.................................................... 6-7
6.5.3 FN10 Has Rebooted.......................................................6-8
6.5.4 FN10 Does Not Respond to NMS................................... 6-8
FastNET 10 User Guide vii
Contents
APPENDIX A TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
A.1 FN10 Specifications.................................................................... A-1
A.2 Serial Cable Pin Assignments..................................................... A-3
A.3 10BASE-T Pin Assignments....................................................... A-3
A.4 Straight-through Wiring............................................................... A-4
A.5 Crossover Wiring ........................................................................A-5
A.6 5 - 4 - 3 Rule ............................................................................... A-5
APPENDIX B GLOSSARY
INDEX
viii FastNET 10 User Guide
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 ABOUT THIS MANUAL
This manual is for system administrators responsible for configuring,
monitoring, and maintaining the Fast Network 10 (FN10). You should
have a familiarity with networking concepts and principles. In addition, a
basic understanding of SNMP is helpful.
Some FN10 configurations can only be done using an SNMP-based
Network Management System (NMS). Therefore, how you configure and
manage the FN10 is dependent on the NMS you use. Where applicable,
this manual provides instructions for using the Local Console Manager
(LCM) to perform basic configuration. Where it is not possible to use
LCM, general instructions and guidelines applicable to most NMSs are
provided.
The contents of each chapter are described below.
• Chapter 1,
provides an overvie w of the FN10’ s switching functions and the Local
Console Manager (LCM).
• Chapter 2,
FN10 front and rear panels, how to install the FN10, how to connect
the Local Console Manager (LCM), and how to connect the FN10 to
the network.
• Chapter 3,
configuring the FN10 using the Local Console Manager (LCM). It also
provides some common Management Information Base (MIB)
variables you may want to change.
• Chapter 4,
monitor FN10 status and statistics. It also describes how to manage the
FN10 Ethernet ports using the Local Console Manager (LCM).
Fast Network 10 User Guide Page 1-1
Introduction
Unpacking and Installing Your FN10
Configuring Your FN10
Monitoring and Managing Your FN10
, outlines the contents of this manual and
, describes the
, provides instructions for
, describes how to
Chapter 1:
Introduction
• Chapter 5,
FN10 Filters
, describes FN10 filtering and provides
specific examples of how filters can be used. It also provides
instructions for adding, modifying, and deleting Port filters using the
Local Console Manager (LCM).
• Chapter 6,
FN10 Diagnostics and Troubleshooting
, describes the
FN10 diagnostics and provides information on troubleshooting
common problems.
• Appendix A,
Technical Specifications
, provides the FN10
specifications and basic 10BASE-T cabling pin assignments.
• Appendix B,
Glossary
, provides a glossary of terms both specific to
the FN10 and common to the networking field.
1.2 GETTING HELP
If you need additional support related to the FN10, or if you have any
questions, comments, or suggestions concerning this manual, contact
Cabletron Systems Technical Support:
By phone (603) 332-9400
A.M
Monday-Friday; 8
By CompuServe GO CTRON from any ! prompt
By Internet mail support@ctron.com
By FTP ctron.com (134.141.197.25)
Login
Password
anonymous
your email address
. – 8 P.M. Eastern Time
Page 1-2 Fast Network 10 User Guide
Document Conventions
1.3 DOCUMENT CONVENTIONS
The following conventions are used throughout this document:
LCM commands, prompts, and information displayed by the computer
appear in Courier typeface, for example:
Current Number of Learned Addresses: 133
Number of Defined Filters: 4
Information that you enter appears in Courier bold typeface, for example:
FN10 >
status
Information that you need to enter with a command is enclosed in angle
brackets < >. For example, you must enter a port number and an IP
address to execute the
FN10 >
ipaddr 6 192.138.217.40
ipaddr <port #> <IP address>
Field value options appear in bold typeface. For example, a FN10 filter
Entry
or
Exit
type can be either
Note
NOTE
symbol. Calls the reader’s attention to any item of
information that may be of special importance.
.
command:
Tip
symbol. Conveys helpful hints concerning procedures or
TIP
CAUTION
Fast Network 10 User Guide Page 1-3
actions.
Caution
damage to the equipment.
!
Warning
equipment damage, personal injury or death.
symbol. Contains information essential to avoid
symbol. Warns against an action that could result in
Chapter 1:
Introduction
1.4 RELATED DOCUMENTATION
The following documentation may assist the user in using this product:
•
Fast Network 10 MIB Reference Guide
– contains enterprise MIB
information.
•
Interconnections, Bridges and Routers,
Radia Perlman, Addison
Wesley © 1992.
•
Internetworking with TCP/IP: Principles, Protocols, and Ar chitectur e
(2nd edition), Volumes I and II, Douglas Comer , Prentice Hall © 1991.
•
The Simple Book, An Introduction to Management of TCP/IP-based
internets
, Marshall T. Rose, Prentice Hall © Second Edition, 1994.
1.5 OVERVIEW
The FN10 is an intelligent Ethernet-to-Ethernet switch that is available in
the following configuration options:
•
12 port
Ethernet Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) connection.
- 12 IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T Ethernet ports, including one
•
12 port with FE up-link option
- 2 Fast Ethernet ports (100 Mbps)
and 12 IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T Ethernet ports (10 Mbps), including
one Ethernet Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) connection.
•
24 port
- 24 IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T Ethernet ports, including one
Ethernet Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) connection.
•
24 port with FE up-link option
- 2 Fast Ethernet ports (100 Mbps),
and 24 IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T Ethernet ports (10 Mbps), including
one Ethernet Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) connection.
In addition, each FN10 configuration includes an RS232C port for
out-of-band management.
The following figures show the different front panels for the 12 and 24
port FN10 configurations, and the rear panel for the optional 2 Fast
Ethernet ports.
Page 1-4 Fast Network 10 User Guide
.
Front Panel with 12 10BASE-T (10 Mbps) Ports
FN10-12
X2X3X4X 5X
6X 7X8X9X
Front Panel with 24 10BASE-T (10 Mbps) Ports
FN10-24
AUI 1
13X
15X 16X
X2X3X4X 5X
17X 18X
20X 21X 22X 23X 24X
19X
6X 7X8X9X
14X
Figure 1-1 FN10 Front Panels
Rear Panel with 2 Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps) Ports
Connection type options
Overview
Segment Status
TX
Select
Reset Ready
Link
12XAUI 1
11X
12X
11X
231456 789101112AB
19 2021 2223
13
1415 161718
Link
Link
231456 789101112AB
10X
10X
RJ45
ST fiber-optic
RX
Act
Col
Usr
24
Segment Status
TX
Select
Reset Ready
RX
Act
Col
Usr
Port B
Port A
Status
Link
RX TX
Port B Port A
Status
Link
BA
Link
Status
RX TX
Pwr
NMS Port
Pwr
NMS Port
Ready
Ready
Figure 1-2 FN10 Rear Panel with the Optional Fast Ethernet Ports
The FN10:
• Provides dedicated bandwidth for each network connected to its ports.
• Provides full store and forward bridging functionality.
• Provides complete error checking functionality.
• Provides port trunking to increase bandwidth.
• Allows you to define virtual workgroups to optimize network traffic.
• Filters and forwards received Ethernet packets based on Network
Management System (NMS) configurable parameters.
• Supports 48-bit IEEE 802 MAC addressing.
Fast Network 10 User Guide Page 1-5
Chapter 1:
Introduction
• Implements the Spanning Tree protocol (802.1d).
• Configured with factory-set defaults for immediate plug-and-play
capability.
In addition, the FN10 offers features that can help you manage and
maintain your network, such as:
• Configuration and management using the Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP) with either an in-band or out-of-band
connection.
• Protection against multicast storms.
• Data flow control based on user-defined data packet filters.
• Ability to define virtual workgroups for more efficient bandwidth
usage.
• Compilation of statistics for traffic generated by each user device
connected to a FN10 segment.
• Real time “what-if” analysis of the traffic flo w throughout the network.
1.5.1 FN10 Architecture
The FN10 enables you to link two or more Local Area Networks (LANs)
together. To accomplish this, the FN10 regulates network traffic on the
basis of the source and destination addresses that are in each data packet it
receives.
The FN10 is protocol-transparent, meaning it can handle different types
of network traffic regardless of the network protocol, such as IP and IPX.
As the FN10 reads addresses from the packets it processes, it builds a
dynamic database of addresses called the
Bridge Address Table
way , the FN10 continuously learns the addresses of all connected de vices.
Consequently, you can add new devices to the network, change device
addresses, and remove devices from the network without having to
reconfigure the FN10.
The Open System Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model, developed by
the International Standards Organization (ISO), identifies the levels of
functionality inherent in each of its seven layers. The FN10 operates at the
Page 1-6 Fast Network 10 User Guide
. In this
Overview
Media Access Control (MAC) sub-layer of the Data Link layer.
Figure 1-3 shows the OSI Reference Model.
7
Application
Presentation
6
5
Session
Transport
4
3
Network
2
1
Data Link
Physical
Figure 1-3 OSI Reference Model
FN10 operates at Layer 2
Because the FN10 does not process any Network Layer information, it
provides a high level of performance in terms of packet throughput. In
addition, the FN10 does not need to learn network topology , requiring less
programming and configuration time.
1.5.1.1 Store and Forward Switching
As an intelligent Ethernet switch, the FN10 uses full store and forward
switching. Store and forward switching allows the FN10 to temporarily
store packets until network resources, typically an unused link, are
available for forwarding. This allows for complete error checking, and
limits the amount of time between when a device requests access to the
network and when it is granted permission to transmit. In addition, full
store and forward switching ensures data integrity, thus preventing
network error conditions from being generated throughout the network.
1.5.1.2 Discarding Local Traffic
The FN10 checks all incoming packets for their destination address
against the Bridge Address Table. If a packet’s destination address is not
on the same network segment as the originating packet, the FN10
Fast Network 10 User Guide Page 1-7
Chapter 1:
Introduction
forwards the packet to the network segment associated with that
destination address. However, if the packet’s source and destination
address are on the same network segment, known as
local traffic
, the
packet is automatically discarded (i.e., ignored by the FN10).
For example, a file transmitted from Workstation A to Workstation C in
Figure 1-4 does not need to leave LAN 1. The FN10 connected to LANs 1
and 2 sees all traffic from LAN 1, including LAN 1 local traffic.
FN10
FastNet 10
LAN 1
ABC
Figure 1-4 Typical Switching Application
LAN 2
By forwarding only packets addressed to devices on other network
segments, the FN10 reduces unnecessary traffic and thereby enhances the
overall performance of the network.
1.5.1.3 Spanning T ree Algorithm
The FN10 supports the IEEE 802.1d Spanning Tree algorithm. The
Spanning Tree algorithm converts multiple LANs into a “spanning tree”
of networks. It is used to prevent bridging loops. This standard defines a
logical (not physical) network configuration consisting of one extended
LAN without active duplicate paths between spanning tree bridges.
The FN10, along with other IEEE 802.1d Spanning Tree compliant
bridges in the network, dynamically configure the network topology into
a single Spanning Tree by exchanging Bridge Protocol Data Units
(BPDUs). Typically, each LAN segment is sent one BPDU every two
seconds.
When there are multiple FN10s connecting LANs in a loop, the Spanning
Tree algorithm determines which FN10 should forward packets to the
LAN. If there is a cable break or a port failure, the network topology is
Page 1-8 Fast Network 10 User Guide
Overview
automatically reconfigured by the Spanning Tree protocol to create an
alternate path to the LAN.
1.5.2 FN10 Bridge Address Table
The FN10 creates and maintains a dynamic database of addresses called
the Bridge Address Table. The FN10 examines every packet to determine
its source address and LAN segment origin. It then compares the source
address and segment information it finds to the entries in the Bridge
Address Table.
If a packet’ s address is not already stored in the Bridge Address Table, the
FN10 adds the learned address, associated segment number, and a timer
value that indicates the age of the observation. Consequently, the FN10
knows the address and associated segment number the next time it sees
that address. By using the information stored in the Bridge Address Table,
the FN10 is able to quickly forward each packet to the correct LAN
segment.
The FN10 learns addresses from all packets, including data transmissions
and “keep alive” packets (packets sent by an idle station to let other
stations know it is present and functional). When devices are added to the
network, removed from it, or relocated, you do not hav e to reconfigure the
FN10. The FN10 automatically learns new device addresses, recognizes
when a previously used address is missing, or when a device has been
moved to a new LAN segment.
An address stored in the Bridge Address Table is discarded if there is no
subsequent activity from that address after a configured length of time
(five minutes by default). This aging process ensures that the Bridge
Address Table is continually updated.
Typically, addresses are continually added to and deleted from the Bridge
Address Table, reflecting the dynamic nature of internetwork traffic.
Howev er, you can change an address from dynamic to static if you do not
want the entry in the Bridge Address Table to get discarded.
Each dynamic entry includes:
• An Ethernet MAC address
Fast Network 10 User Guide Page 1-9
Chapter 1:
Introduction
• A single port number of the LAN on which the address resides
• The age of the entry
• Various statistics counters
• Any filtering restrictions added by a Network Management Station
(NMS)
Each static entry contains the same information as a dynamic entry,
except the static entry is not aged, and can contain a range of port
numbers, rather than a single port number.
The FN10 stores 8,192 dynamic (learned) entries in its Bridge Address
Table. In addition, it stores up to 200 static or user-defined addresses.
1.5.3 FN10 Filtering
One of the most significant features of the FN10 is its user-configurable
filtering capabilities. A filter is an instruction to the FN10 to screen data
packets based on the criteria you define. Filtering is useful for gathering
statistics, implementing security measures, and improving network
performance.
The FN10 allows you to implement two types of filters that are useful for
managing and administering networks:
• Bridge Address Table filters, which use the FN10 Bridge Address
Table to screen local traffic
• Port filters, which apply filters to or from a specific port segment
See Chapter 5, FN10
Filters for instructions on setting up FN10 filters.
1.5.4 FN10 Sample Applications
Just as a six lane highway allows you to travel much faster than a single
lane highway, a network backbone creates high-speed connections for
your network. In general, a network backbone allows you to distribute
access to important network resources such as file or print servers.
Page 1-10 Fast Network 10 User Guide
Overview
Additional FN10 features, such as trunking, Fast Ethernet, and virtual
workgroups allow you to optimize bandwidth and design a more efficient
flow for your network traffic.
1.5.4.1 FN10 T runking
The FN10 allows multiple trunk groups with up to eight ports each to be
connected between the FN10 and other network devices. This capability
provides a scalable dedicated bandwidth of up to 80 Mbps.
For example, local traffic, such as the Manufacturing Department’s
internal traffic, can be easily handled by a single, 10 Mbps connection.
However, when the Manufacturing Department needs access to the
corporate database, the traffic could travel over a trunk line, thereby
increasing the speed of transmission. Figure 1-5 illustrates the trunking of
multiple FN10 ports to increase the bandwidth.
LAN segments
FN10
FN10
LAN segments
Up to 80 Mbps
Bandwidth
10 Mbps
10 Mbps
Figure 1-5 FN10 Application #1
10 Mbps
Trunk Lines
10 Mbps
Figure 1-6 illustrates how the FN10 can be used in a backbone network
configuration.
Fast Network 10 User Guide Page 1-11
Chapter 1: Introduction
Network
Management
Station
Workgroup
Hub
Network Switch
WAN Router
10BASE-T Cables
10BASE-T Cables
Servers
FN10
Trunk Lines
FN10
Figure 1-6 FN10 Application #2
1.5.4.2 FN10’s Fast Ethernet Option
The FN10, configured with the Fast Ethernet option, has two additional
ports that provide a fast Ethernet connection of 100 Mbps. Applying this
increased bandwidth to the previous example, the Manufacturing
Department’s traffic to the corporate database could be transmitted to the
corporate database at the 100 Mbps rate.
Figure 1-7 illustrates connecting two FN10 Fast Ethernet ports to increase
the bandwidth to 100 Mbps.
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LAN segment
FN10 / FE
Overview
Front Panel
Front Panel
FN10 / FE
LAN segment
100 Mbps bandwidth
(Fast Ethernet)
Rear Panel
Rear Panel
Figure 1-7 FN10 Application #3
Figure 1-8 illustrates how the FN10 can be used in a backbone network
configuration using increased bandwidth of the optional Fast Ethernet
configuration.
Fast Ethernet Switching
10BASE-T Cables
100 Mbps
(Fast Ethernet)
Servers
Network
Management
Station
FN10
FN10
10BASE-T Cables
WAN Router
Workgroup
Hub
Figure 1-8 FN10 Application #4
Fast Network 10 User Guide Page 1-13
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.5.4.3 Virtual Workgr oups
The FN10 allows you to define ports for logical groups of associated hosts
(virtual workgroups) to provide a more efficient flo w of traf fic across your
Ethernet network.
Virtual workgroups offer you the ability to limit broadcasts to logical
domains within the network. Workgroup destinations are recognized by
the FN10 and broadcast packets are routed directly to hosts within the
workgroup, eliminating the need to perform a general broadcast across
each segment of the network to find specific host addresses.
Figure 1-9 shows two Ethernet segments, A and B, that do not include a
FN10.
Router
Traffic
Figure 1-9 Multiple Ethernet Segments Sharing 10 Mbps Bandwidth
A
B
Traffic
Each host on segments A and B is limited to sharing a network bandwidth
of 10 Mbps.
Figure 1-10 shows two Ethernet segments that take advantage of the
virtual workgroup feature of the FN10 and the increased bandwidth
applied to each A and B host.
Page 1-14 Fast Network 10 User Guide
Router
Local Console Manager
AB
A
Workgroup A
Figure 1-10 Using the FN10 to Create Virtual Workgroups
A
A
to Help Optimize Bandwidth
B
FN10
B
Workgroup B
B
A host from workgroup A can limit a broadcast to all hosts within
workgroup A or B and prevent the broadcast from going across the
network and adding to the amount of contention for the limited 10 Mbps
bandwidth.
As illustrated in the previous diagram, virtual workgroups allow you to
associate multiple hosts and define a workgroup. In reality, you are
assigning workgroup IDs to FN10 ports.
1.6 LOCAL CONSOLE MANAGER
The Local Console Manager (LCM) is a command-line interface built
into the FN10 that enables you to monitor, manage, and configure the
FN10 through the out-of-band RS232C connection attached to any
non-intelligent terminal.
You can also use a Cabletron Systems Network Management System, or a
standard SNMP-based Network Management System, to manage the
FN10. For a list of available FN10 network management tools, see
Section 4-1, FN10 Management Tools.
Fast Network 10 User Guide Page 1-15
Chapter 1: Introduction
The following sections describe LCM command syntax and the basic
LCM commands for logging in, logging out, and getting help.
• LCM commands used for configuring the FN10 are described in
Chapter 3, Configuring Your FN10.
• LCM commands used for monitoring and managing the FN10 are
described in Chapter 4, Monitoring and Managing Your FN10.
• LCM commands used for adding and deleting Port filters are described
in Chapter 5, FN10 Filters.
NOTE
The FN10
Reference Card
each command’s options.
Local Console Manager (LCM) Commands
lists the available LCM commands, including
1.6.1 Command Syntax Conventions
The following conventions apply as you use LCM commands:
• Press the Enter key to execute a command after you type it in.
•A port range is either a single port number, or a list of port numbers
separated by commas or hyphens. For example,
3 and 7; 3-5 are ports 3,4, and 5; and 3-5,7 are ports 3,4,5,
ports
and 7.
• To quit any command, press the Control-C keys (^C or Ctrl-C).
• You can abbreviate any command where there is no ambiguity; if there
is ambiguity, LCM responds with an error message.
• Commands are not case sensitive.
• Any invalid commands or misspellings will receive an error message.
• A previous command can be repeated by typing !!.
3 is port 3; 3,7 are
• MAC addresses are displayed in little-endian Ethernet bit order, with
each octet separated by a colon. For example:
FN10 >address 00:40:27:04:1a:0f
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Local Console Manager
• Information that you need to enter with an LCM command is enclosed
in square brackets [ ]. For example, you must enter a port number and
an IP address to execute the
ipaddr [PORT-NUMBER] [IP ADDRESS]
command:
FN10 >ipaddr 6 192.138.217.40
• Parameters that appear in all capital letters, for example bridge
[PORT-RANGE]
, indicate that you must enter a value for that parameter.
If a string of parameters is displayed between braces, for example
[{off|on|noBPDU}], you must select one of the displayed options. For
example, if you wanted to enable bridging on a port, or a range of
ports, you would enter:
FN10 >bridge 2-4 on
• The default v alues for filtering command field options appear in square
brackets [ ], for example:
Type:[Entry] (Entry/Exit)>
1.6.2 Basic LCM Commands
If you are going to manage the FN10 using LCM, you first must connect
the FN10 to an ASCII terminal or terminal emulator. See Section 2.3,
Connecting the Local Console Manager, for instructions.
When you want to use LCM, begin by pressing the Enter key several
times to get the LCM prompt (
Fast Network 10 User Guide Page 1-17
FN10 >).
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.6.2.1 Help
Displays the menu of available commands. Help can also be displayed by
typing a question mark (?). The output from the
displayed below.
help command is
FN10 > help
help or ?
status [PORT-RANGE]
baud [BAUD-RATE]
exit or logout
erase
ident
ipaddr [PORT# IPADDR [MASK]]
addresses display [any] [ADDR [MASK]]
bridge [PORT-RANGE [OPTIONS]]
trunk [PORT-RANGE [{on | off}]]
enable [PORT-RANGE [noRIP]]
disable [PORT-RANGE]
filters {display|modify|add|delete}
community
sttimer [TIME-VALUE]
workgroup [NAME [delete|PORT-RANGE [INFO]]]
speed [PORT-RANGE [{10|100}]]
reboot {SECONDS | off}
arp [display]
route display [IPADDR]
traplog
FN10 Local Console Manager
this menu
to display unit or port status
to change the console baud rate
to logout
to erase configuration information
to display unit identification
to set or display IP addresses
to display learned addresses
to set bridging methods
to set or display trunking status
to enable a set of ports
to disable a set of ports
to manage port filters
to change the password/community name
to set or display st age time
to set or display workgroups
to set or display Fast Ethernet speed
to reboot the unit after seconds
to display arp table information
to display routing table information
to display the most recent SNMP traps
FN10 >
1.6.2.2 Erase
Entering erase to erase the current FN10 configuration sets up the IP
address on Port 1 to 192.0.2.1 (default) when the FN10 is rebooted.
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Local Console Manager
1.6.2.3 Exit
Logs you out of LCM. (The exit command is functionally equivalent to
logout command.)
the
1.6.2.4 Logout
The logout command logs you out of LCM. (The logout command is
functionally equivalent to the
exit command.)
1.6.2.5 Traplog
Displays the traps messages captured by the FN10. The following is an
example of a traplog display:
FN10 > traplog
Trap 16 0:00:00
The unit has booted.
Trap 25 0:00:00
The unit’s spanning tree maximum age has changed.
Trap 26 0:00:00
The unit’s spanning tree hello time has changed.
Trap 27 0:00:00
The unit’s spanning tree forward delay times has changed.
Trap 3 0:00:02 port 1
The current functional state of the port has changed.
...
FN10 >
Fast Network 10 User Guide Page 1-19
Chapter 1: Introduction
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