3G/HD/SD SDI to HDMI Converter User Guide
TM
BrightEye 72
TM
BrightEye 72
3G/HD/SD SDI
to HDMI Converter
User Guide
Revision 1.1 SW v1.0.0
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BrightEye 72 - Page 1
3G/HD/SD SDI to HDMI Converter User Guide
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BrightEye 72
Contents
PRODUCT OVERVIEW AND FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 4
Use with any HDMI Monitor 4
SDI Input 4
Test Signal Generator 4
Video Proc Amp and Color Corrector 4
Audio Metering Overlay and Disembedding 5
Graticule Overlay 5
Closed Caption Decoding 6
Timecode Reader 6
Horizontal and Vertical Shift 7
BLOCK DIAGRAM 8
APPLICATIONS 10
REAR CONNECTORS 11
Power Connection 11
USB Connector 11
HDMI Out 11
Audio Out 11
3G/HD/SD SDI In 12
3G/HD/SD SDI Out 12
MODULE CONFIGURATION AND CONTROL 13
Front Panel Controls and Indicators 13
Status Indicators 13
Adjusting Parameters from the Front Panel 14
Front Panel Control and On-Screen Display 14
Examples of Using the Front Panel in Conjunction with On-Screen Display 15
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BrightEye 72
USING THE BRIGHTEYE CONTROL APPLICATION 18
Software version requirement 18
Input Menu 19
Proc Menu 20
Color Correct Menu 21
Audio Menu 22
Cong Menu 23
Captions Menu 24
Timecode Menu 25
SOFTWARE UPDATING 26
WARRANTY AND FACTORY SERVICE 26
Warranty 26
Factory Service 26
SPECIFICATIONS 27
GLOSSARY 29
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BrightEye 72
PRODUCT OVERVIEW AND FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The BrightEye 72 turns any High Denition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) display into a monitoring
solution with professional monitoring features. With the BrightEye 72, you can monitor any type of
digital video signal, including 3 Gb/s signals.
Use with any HDMI Monitor
The BrightEye 72 can be used with any HDMI monitor. Because there is a wide range of HDMI monitors
available, you have a lot of choices when it comes to selecting which particular HDMI monitor you
want to use.
SDI Input
The BrightEye 72 has an SDI input and a reclocked loopback SDI output. The input can be 1.5 or
3 Gb/s HD SDI or SD SDI. The loopback SDI output is a copy of the SDI input. The key features, such as
on-screen display of audio and open captions, are output through the HDMI output.
Test Signal Generator
The built-in test signal generator, useful for troubleshooting, inserts the signal at the front of the
signal path, so its behavior is functionally the same as cabling a test signal generator into a BNC input.
This path is fully adjustable so that you can compensate for the performance of the particular HDMI
monitor to which the BrightEye 72 is connected.
The test signal generator provides several test patterns including SMPTE bars with PLUGE, which is
useful for monitor alignment.
Video Proc Amp and Color Corrector
The Proc Amp and Color Corrector functions provide precise control over the output video levels. A
variety of controls are provided for making exact adjustments to produce correct luminance and color
rendition on the monitor and can be used with the built-in test signals. Adjustments are performed at
full 10-bit SDI resolution.
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BrightEye 72
HDMI monitor output example illustrating audio metering overlay, graticule overlay, closed caption
decoding, and timecode reader.
Audio MetersOpen Captions TimecodeGraticule
Audio Metering Overlay and Disembedding
The BrightEye 72 has a sophisticated audio metering overlay capability that
uses four groups of four-channel on-screen VU meters. It includes a hanging
peak level indicator and a user-adjustable peak (headroom) indicator. You can
disembed and visually monitor up to sixteen channels of audio. Up to eight
channels of audio can be passed through the HDMI output.
Audio metering
overlay
Graticule Overlay
A built-in graticule generator puts up Safe Title and Safe Action reference markers as well as SD Safe
markers on HD signals. There are thin lines running from top to bottom that indicate the SD protect
area. These graticule reference markers aid in seeing how content is aligned, facilitating lm transfer,
post production and quality control measurements relating to picture location for both the 4:3 and
16:9 aspect ratios. Safe Title displays the safe title boxes. SD Protect Only displays only the SD Protect
area without displaying the safe title boxes. You can adjust the color and intensity of the graticules or
turn graticules o.
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BrightEye 72
Closed Caption Decoding
The BrightEye 72 has a caption reader in the video path that decodes caption data. After being
decoded, a character generator system in the BrightEye 72 overlays the captions onto the video
which is then sent through the HDMI output to be displayed on screen. This is useful for compliance
monitoring to be sure that all the captions are present in the broadcast signal.
The CEA-608 and CEA-708 standards for closed captions are specic to NTSC-based television systems.
Accordingly, they are supported for these input signals:
Standard Denition 525/59.94
High Denition 1080i/59.94
High Denition 720p/59.94
Under U.S. federal law, all consumer television receivers above a certain display size sold in the U.S.
must include decoding and display of closed caption data. However, that requirement is only for
over the air (or cable) broadcast signals received through the tuner input. The HDMI input of these
displays is not required to support closed captions. In fact, the HDMI standard provides no support for
captions in ‘closed’ form. BrightEye 72 is able to deliver open captions to an HDMI display by rendering
them as actual image content with its built-in character generator.
Timecode Reader
The video path includes a timecode reader. BrightEye 72 can read and
display running timecode from either DVITC (Digital Vertical Interval
Time Code) on SD SDI inputs, or ATC (Ancillary Time Code) on
HD SDI inputs.
Timecode display
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BrightEye 72
Horizontal and Vertical Shift
The BrightEye 72 can shift images horizontally and/or vertically to enable inspection of content in the
horizontal and vertical intervals outside of the picture itself, such as embedded audio, closed caption
data blocks, and blanking edges of the signal.
HDMI monitor output example illustrating Horizontal shift. H and V shift enables inspection of content in
the horizontal and vertical intervals.
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BrightEye 72
Video Proc
& Color
Corrector
Audio Meter
Overlay
Audio Out
Selection
16 Chan
Audio Demux
Test Signal
Gen
On Screen Controls
Input Status Display
Graticule Gen
Timecode
Window Gen
3G/HD/SD SDI
In
3G/HD/SD SDI
Loopback
Caption
Reader
H & V
Delay
Overlay
Combiner
Timecode
Reader
HDMI Out
Analog
Audio Out
Open Caption
Decoding
BLOCK DIAGRAM
For your reference, see the functional block diagram on this page and the following page. The diagram
appears twice, rst in a portrait view, then larger as a landscape view.
BrightEye 72 Functional Block Diagram, Portrait View
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BrightEye 72
Video Proc
& Color
Corrector
Audio Meter
Overlay
Audio Out
Selection
16 Chan
Audio Demux
Test Signal
Gen
On Screen Controls
Input Status Display
Graticule Gen
Timecode
Window Gen
3G/HD/SD SDI
In
3G/HD/SD SDI
Loopback
Caption
Reader
H & V
Delay
Overlay
Combiner
Timecode
Reader
HDMI Out
Analog
Audio Out
Open Caption
Decoding
BrightEye 72 Functional Block Diagram, Landscape View
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BrightEye 72
BrightEye 72
HDMI
monitor
HDMI
output
3G/HD/SD
SDI input
Reclocked
loopback
SDI output
Routing
Switcher
Video
Server
APPLICATIONS
Use BrightEye 72 with any HDMI monitor in broadcast production and distribution, QC, engineering,
post production, and the control room. In addition to video, you can also monitor ancillary data such
as closed captions, timecode, and audio. Graticules are available to align titles. Use the BrightEye 72 in
studio applications where you need to adjust the color temperature of on-set monitors so they look
right on camera.
The BrightEye 72 converts 3G/HD/SD SDI video signals to HDMI to provide professional monitoring
capabilities using an HDMI display. In the example below, the program feed from a server goes into
the SDI Input BNC connector of the BrightEye 72 and loops back out through the 3G/HD/SD SDI
Output BNC connector to the router. The input SDI signal is converted to HDMI and sent out through
the HDMI Out connector to an HDMI monitor.
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BrightEye 72
REAR CONNECTORS
All connections to the BrightEye 72 are made on the rear of the unit. Refer to the illustration below
for a reference of the rear connectors. A more detailed explanation of the rear connectors follows
immediately below.
Power Connection
Connect the modular power supply to the 12-volt DC power input connection on the far left of the
unit. Use the locking ring to secure it. If you don’t have the power supply already, contact Ensemble
Designs to purchase one.
USB Connector
Connect the USB port to a PC or Mac running BrightEye software for more comprehensive control,
diagnostics, and upgrades to the unit. BrightEye PC/Mac Control application software is included on
the CD that came with your unit, or the application can be downloaded here:
http://www.ensembledesigns.com/support/brighteye-support/
HDMI Out
The High Denition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) is an uncompressed, all-digital interface that
transmits digital video and eight channels of digital audio. HDMI is a bit-serial interface that carries
the video content in digital component form over multiple twisted-pairs. The HDMI interface standard
supports limited cable length as compared to SD and HD SDI. The use of cables over 10m (30 feet) is
not recommended. Connect the HDMI output to your video monitor.
Audio Out
The Audio Out connector provides two channels of balanced analog audio. This connector is tted
with a pluggable terminal block that accepts bare wire leads. Wires can be inserted into the small
round holes. Depress the orange tab to release them.
Follow the legend to connect the Ground (G), Positive (+), and Negative (-) connections for each signal.
Ch 1 corresponds to the left channel in a stereo system, and Ch 2 corresponds to the right channel.
If connecting to an unbalanced (single-ended) destination, such as a consumer speaker amplier, with
shielded coaxial style audio cable, connect the center conductor to the Positive (+) terminal. Then
connect the outer conductor to both the Ground (G) and Negative (-) terminals. Analog reference
levels can be congured from the BrightEye Control application.
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BrightEye 72
3G/HD/SD SDI In
This BNC input accepts SD SDI, HD SDI, or 3 Gb/s HD SDI video signals with or without embedded
audio.
3G/HD/SD SDI Out
The SDI Out BNC provides reclocked loopback output of the input video signal. Connect this BNC to a
video destination such as a router, production switcher, or broadcast monitor.
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BrightEye 72
MODULE CONFIGURATION AND CONTROL
There are two methods for controlling and operating the BrightEye 72:
From the front panel (with or without on-screen display on the HDMI out); 1.
With the BrightEye PC or Mac Control application. 2.
When controlling the module from the front panel, most, but not all of the control settings and
parameter choices will be available. For comprehensive control, use the BrightEye PC or Mac Control
application.
Front Panel Controls and Indicators
The front panel shown in the gure below provides status indicators and control over video and audio
output.
Status Indicators
The following status indicators are provided on the front panel:
In• – Illuminates green when there is a valid input signal detected.
Adjust• – Choices include Bright, Contrast, Chroma, and Hue. The LED will be green when the
parameter is set to its nominal setting. The LED will turn red when the parameter is adjusted
away from the nominal setting.
Display• – Choices include CC (closed caption), Aud VU (Audio VU), TC (timecode), and
Graticule. The LED will be green if the parameter is turned on. The LED will extinguish if the
parameter is turned o.
Enable• – Choices include Test (test signals) and H/V (horizontal and/or vertical shift). The LED
will be green if the parameter is turned on. The LED will extinguish if the parameter is turned
o.
Audio• – Choices include Gain and VU.
The Gain LED will be green when the parameter is set to its nominal setting. The LED will turn
red when the parameter is adjusted away from the nominal setting.
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BrightEye 72
The VU LED indicates the output audio level of the sum of channels 1 and 2. The LED will be
green when the audio level is at or below the digital reference level. The LED lights yellow
when the audio level is between the digital reference level and the peak threshold. The LED
lights red when the peak threshold is reached. Note that the digital reference level (sometimes
referred to as 0 VU) may be set by the user to -20 dBFS or -18 dBFS. Similarly, the user may set
the peak headroom between -2 dBFS and -10 dBFS. These two parameters are adjustable using
the BrightEye PC or Mac Control application.
Pwr (Power)• – Illuminates green when the BrightEye unit has power and the internal voltage
regulator is functioning correctly.
Adjusting Parameters from the Front Panel
From the front panel, use the Mode, Left Arrow, and Right Arrow buttons to select and adjust
parameters.
Pressing the Mode button cycles through the parameters that can be modied from the front panel.
The LED of the currently selected parameter will blink. A quick press of the Mode button advances to
the next editable parameter. A longer press of the Mode button will back up to the previous editable
parameter.
Pressing the Right Arrow or Left Arrow advances or backs up through the choices for the currently
selected parameter, or increases (Right Arrow) or decreases (Left Arrow) the value of the selected
parameter.
Pressing the Right Arrow and Left Arrow simultaneously restores the selected parameter to its
default value.
Front Panel Control and On-Screen Display
By default, on-screen display is enabled. There are two controls in the BrightEye PC or Mac Control
application that enable aspects of the on-screen display.
The rst control is the 1. OSD Enable drop-down control in the Cong menu in the BrightEye PC or
Mac Control application. The available selections for this control are the following:
O• – Turns o the on-screen display.
Input Status• – Displays the input status only. Input status is shown near the upper left
corner of the monitor. Input status shows the input format, frequency, and embedded
audio presence in terms of group 1 (G1), group 2 (G2), group 3 (G3) and group 4 (G4).
Control Adjust• – Displays the value of the currently selected front panel control at the
lower center portion of the monitor. For example, when the Bright control is selected on
the front panel, the on-screen display (on the HDMI output) might read “Bright 100 pcnt”
indicating it is set to 100%.
All• – (Default selection) Displays both the input status and the current control value.
The second control relating to on-screen display is 2. Include in OSD in the Color Correct menu in
the BrightEye PC or Mac Control application. If you want to be able to adjust the Red, Green and
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BrightEye 72
Blue Oset and Gain controls from the front panel, you must turn on Include in OSD.
NOTE: There are no LEDs on the front panel to blink to indicate that any of these six Color
Correction controls are selected, but the on-screen display will show each of these controls as you
move through them by pressing the Mode button on the front panel.
Examples of Using the Front Panel in Conjunction with On-Screen Display
Example 1
The image below is showing the Bright control. This example shows what you would see if you
pressed the Mode button on the front panel until the Bright LED started blinking. The Bright control
is indicated in the blue box. To the right of that is the specic parameter setting that you can adjust.
Pressing the Left Arrow decreases the value while pressing the Right Arrow increases the value.
Notice also that the input status is displaying in the upper left area of the monitor image, indicating
input format, frequency, and the presence of embedded audio. This example also includes graticule
lines and audio meters.
Example of on-screen display while adjusting the Bright control from the front panel
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BrightEye 72
Example 2
The image below is showing the Caption Display control. This example shows what you would see if
you pressed the Mode button on the front panel until the CC LED started blinking.
NOTE: If the control Include in OSD in the Color Correct menu has been turned on, you will need to
press the Mode button an additional six times to move from the Hue control to the Caption Display
control. These additional six presses will step through the six Color Correction adjustments in the on-
screen display, although no LEDs will blink on the front panel for these six controls.
Just like in the previous example, the editable parameter section is indicated in the blue box. To the
right of that is the specic value that you can adjust. Pressing the Left Arrow decreases the value
while pressing the Right Arrow increases the value.
Again, this example is displaying the input status in the upper left area of the monitor, indicating input
format, frequency, and the presence of embedded audio. This example also includes graticule lines
and audio meters.
Example of on-screen display while adjusting the Caption Display control from the front panel
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BrightEye 72
Example 3
The image below is showing the Graticule control. This example shows what you would see if you
pressed the Mode button on the front panel until the Graticule LED started blinking. Graticule lines
are overlayed on top of the video, white graticule is shown below.
NOTE: If the control Include in OSD in the Color Correct menu has been turned on, you will need to
press the Mode button an additional six times to move from the Hue control to the Caption Display
control. These additional six presses will step through the six Color Correction adjustments in the on-
screen display, although no LEDs will blink on the front panel for these six controls.
Just like in the previous example, the editable parameter section is indicated in the blue box. To the
right of that is the specic value that you can adjust. Pressing the Left Arrow decreases the value
while pressing the Right Arrow increases the value.
Again, this example is displaying the input status in the upper left area of the monitor, indicating input
format, frequency, and the presence of embedded audio. This example also includes audio meters.
Graticule
Example of on-screen display while adjusting the Graticule control from the front panel
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BrightEye 72
USING THE BRIGHTEYE CONTROL APPLICATION
The BrightEye PC and BrightEye Mac applications included on CD-ROM are designed to allow you to
congure and control the BrightEye 72 from a personal computer. Instructions for installing and using
this software application are given in the PDF manual on the CD-ROM.
Software version requirement
BrightEye PC or BrightEye Mac version 2.0 or later is required.
BrightEye PC/Mac Control application software is included on CD that came with your unit, or the
application can be downloaded here:
http://www.ensembledesigns.com/support/brighteye-support/
If the BrightEye 72 is connected to a computer running this software, the menus described in the
following pages are available for controlling and monitoring the unit.
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BrightEye 72
Input Menu
The Input menu indicates whether an input is detected and whether there is sync lock. It also shows
which groups of audio channels are being used, whether there is an HDMI monitor detected and the
Test Pattern selected.
Input• – shows whether or not there is an input signal detected. Types of input signals that the
BrightEye 72 will accept are:
1080i (SMPTE 274M -4,5,6) 50, 59.94 or 60 Hz
720p (SMPTE 296M -1,2,3) 50, 59.94 or 60 Hz
1080p (SMPTE 274M -9,10,11) 23.98, 24, 25 Hz
1080sF (RP211 -14,15,16) 23.98, 24, 25 Hz
3 Gb/s Level A or Level B (SMPTE 424M, 425M)
525i, 625i (SMPTE 259M)
Sync Lock• – indicates whether or not the BrightEye 72 is sync locked to a reference signal.
Embedded Aud• – shows which groups of audio channels, if any, are embedded in the input.
HDMI Status• – indicates whether or not there is an HDMI monitor present. When an HDMI
monitor is connected, this eld will show “HDMI Native.” When there is no HDMI monitor
connected, this eld will show “No Display.”
Test Pattern• – reects the selected Test Pattern. Choices include: O, Bars, Black, Flat 20,
Flat 80, Window 20/80, 10 Step, Bars Blue Only, and Dig Blanking.
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BrightEye 72
Proc Menu
The Processor menu oers controls for Bright and Chroma amplitude, Contrast level, and Hue. This is
an NTSC-style Hue rotation. It can be used to make small adjustments in colorimetry.
The nominal settings for all of these controls are 100% of overall Brightness and Chroma, zero
adjustment to Contrast, and zero degrees of Hue rotation.
You can change these values by clicking and dragging on the slider control, by using the up and down
arrow buttons, or by entering values directly into the elds.
Bright• – adjusts the percentage of brightness (range is 0 to 150, default is 100).
Chroma• – adjusts the percentage of chroma amplitude (range is 0 to 150, default is 100).
Contrast• – adjusts the contrast level of the signal in IRE (range is -30 to 30, default is 0).
Hue• – adjusts the hue of the signal ± 180 degrees (range is -180 to 180, default is 0).
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BrightEye 72
Color Correct Menu
The Color Correct menu provides ne adjust for the red, green and blue in the HDMI output so that the
monitor matches other sources. The gain and oset controls enable you to correct for white balance
and black balance. The Red Gain, Green Gain and Blue Gain controls aect the white balance. The
Red Oset, Green Oset and Blue Oset controls aect the blacks.
Adjust the values of the gain and oset controls by clicking the up and down arrow buttons or by
entering values directly into the elds.
Include in OSD – Turn this control on to include these Gain and Oset controls in the on-screen
display. This control is turned o by default.
Note about front panel LEDs and the Oset and Gain controls: When Include in OSD is turned
on, these six Color Correction controls will be included among those that can be selected by pressing
the Mode button on the front panel. These six additional controls will fall between the Hue and CC
(closed caption) controls and will display their values on the on-screen display; however, no LEDs will
blink when they are selected, since they have no LED on the front panel.
Contact us if you’d like our Color Correction White Paper.
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BrightEye 72
Audio Menu
Use the Audio Menu to select audio levels and audio channels. Use the Audio Digital Reference
control and the Audio Analog Reference control to set the audio reference level used in your facility.
Use the Peak Headroom control to adjust when the peak indicator turns from yellow to red. Use the
Analog Audio Out control to choose one of eight pairs of audio channels for output.
Audio Dig Ref • – Audio Digital Reference Level. Choose either -20 dBFS or -18 dBFS, relative to
full scale.
Audio Anlg Ref• – Analog Reference Level. Choose between +4 dBu and -10 dBu. Use this
control to select the nominal reference level for the analog inputs. Select the appropriate
reference level for your facility.
Peak Headroom• – Use this control to determine how close to the maximum level the audio
signal can reach before turning from yellow to red. Available choices are: -2 dBFS, -3 dBFS,
-4 dBFS, -5 dBFS, -6 dBFS, -7 dBFS, -8 dBFS, -9 dBFS, -10 dBFS.
Anlg Audio Out• – Select the channels you want to use for audio output. Available choices are:
Channels 1/2, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8, 9/10, 11/12, 13/14, 15/16.
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BrightEye 72
Cong Menu
Audio Meters • – Available choices are: O, Group 1, Groups 1/2, All Groups.
The BrightEye 72’s audio metering overlay capability uses four groups of four-channel
on-screen VU meters. It includes a hanging peak level indicator and a user-adjustable peak
(headroom) indicator. You can disembed and visually monitor up to sixteen channels of audio.
Graticule • – Available choices are: O, Safe Title, SD Protect Only.
The graticule generator puts up Safe Title and Safe Action reference markers as well as SD Safe
markers on HD signals. The graticule reference markers aid in seeing how content is aligned,
facilitating lm transfer, post production, and quality control measurements relating to picture
location for both 4:3 and 16:9 aspect ratios. Safe Title displays the safe title boxes. SD Protect
Only displays only the SD Protect area without displaying the safe title boxes. You can adjust
the color and transparency of the graticules or turn graticules o.
Transparency • – Adjusts the transparency of the graticule from 0 to 100%.
Color • – Available graticule color choices are: White, Gray, Black, Red, Blue, Green.
HV Shift • – The BrightEye 72 can shift images horizontally and/or vertically to enable
inspection of content in the horizontal and vertical intervals outside of the picture itself, such
as embedded audio, closed caption data blocks, and blanking edges of the signal.
Available choices are: O, Shift H, Shift V, Shift H V.
OSD Enable • – Use this control to enable the on-screen display of the BrightEye 72 software
controls. When enabled, the software controls display on the HDMI monitor. Available choices
are: O, Input Status, Control Adjust, All. Input Status displays in the upper left corner of the
HDMI monitor. It shows the input format, frequency, and any embedded audio. Control Adjust
displays in the lower center area of the HDMI monitor. It displays the value of the control
currently selected by the Mode button on the front panel.
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BrightEye 72
Captions Menu
A caption decoder in the video path will read closed captions for and SD or HD signal. The captions
will be overlayed onto the video (open captions) and sent through the HDMI output to display on the
screen. This is useful for compliance to be sure that all the captions are present in the broadcast signal.
Caption Display – Available choices are: O or On
Caption Demo (not shown) –This control is a demonstration mode of the caption capabilities of the
BrightEye 72. In normal operation this control should be turned o.
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BrightEye 72
Timecode Menu
The video path includes a timecode reader. BrightEye 72 can read and display running timecode from
either DVITC (Digital Vertical Interval Time Code) on SD SDI inputs, or ATC (Ancillary Time Code) on
HD SDI inputs.
TC Display – Available choices are: On, O.
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BrightEye 72
SOFTWARE UPDATING
Software upgrades for BrightEyes are available at:
http://www.ensembledesigns.com/support/brighteye-support/
Use BrightEye Mac or PC software to install the software update into your BrightEye.
WARRANTY AND FACTORY SERVICE
Warranty
This unit is covered by a ve-year limited warranty. If you require service (under warranty or not),
please contact Ensemble Designs and ask for customer service before you return the unit. This will
allow the service technician an opportunity to provide any other suggestions for identifying the
problem and to recommend possible solutions.
Factory Service
If you return equipment for repair, please get a Return Material Authorization Number (RMA) from the
factory rst.
Ship the product and a written description of the problem to:
Ensemble Designs, Inc.
Attention: Customer Service RMA #####
870 Gold Flat Rd.
Nevada City, CA. 95959 USA
(530) 478-1830
Fax: (530) 478-1832
service@ensembledesigns.com
http://www.ensembledesigns.com
Be sure to put your RMA number on the outside of the box.
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SPECIFICATIONS
Serial Digital Input
Number One
Type 1.485 Gb/s HD Serial Digital (SMPTE 274M, 292M or 296M)
2.97 Gb/s HD Serial Digital (SMPTE 424M, 425M)
SD Serial Digital (270 Mb/s SMPTE 259M-C)
Impedance 75 Ω
Return Loss >15 dB to 2.97 GHz
Max Cable Length 300 meters for 270 Mb/s
100 meters for 1.485 Gb/s
70 meters for 2.97 Gb/s
(Belden 1694A)
Automatic Input Cable Equalization
SDI Standards Supported
1080i (SMPTE 274M -4,5,6) 50, 59.94 or 60 Hz
720p (SMPTE 296M -1,2,3) 50, 59.94 or 60 Hz
1080p (SMPTE 274M -9,10,11) 23.98, 24, 25 Hz
1080sF (RP211 -14,15,16) 23.98, 24, 25 Hz
3 Gb/s Level A or Level B (SMPTE 424M, 425M)
525i, 625i (SMPTE 259M)
HDMI Output
Number One
Type HDMI 1.3
Format Follows input
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Serial Digital Output
Number One, loopback
Type Follows input
Impedance 75 Ω
Return Loss >15 dB to 2.97 GHz
Max Cable Length 300 meters for 270 Mb/s
100 meters for 1.485 Gb/s
70 meters for 2.97 Gb/s
(Belden 1694A)
Analog Audio Output
Number One stereo pair
General Specications
Size 5.625” W x 0.8” H x 5.5” D (143 mm x 20 mm x 140 mm) including connectors
Weight 14 oz
Power 12 volts, 7 watts
(100-230 VAC modular power supply from Ensemble Designs sold separately)
Temperature Range 0 to 40° C ambient
Relative Humidity 0 to 95%, non-condensing
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GLOSSARY
This is a brief glossary of commonly used terms associated with this product.
AES/EBU
The digital audio standard dened as a joint eort of the Audio Engineering Society and the European
Broadcast Union. AES/EBU or AES3 describes a serial bit stream that carries two audio channels,
thus an AES stream is a stereo pair. The AES/EBU standard covers a wide range of sample rates and
quantizations (bit depths.) In television systems, these will generally be 48 kHz and either 20 or 24 bits.
Aspect Ratio
The ratio of the horizontal and vertical measurements of an image. 4:3 is the aspect ratio for standard
denition video formats and television and 16:9 for high denition. Converting formats of unequal
ratios is done by letter boxing (horizontal bars) or pillar boxing (vertical pillars) in order to keep the
original format’s aspect ratio.
Bandwidth
Strictly speaking, this refers to the range of frequencies (i.e., the width of the band of frequency) used
by a signal, or carried by a transmission channel. Generally, wider bandwidth will carry and reproduce
a signal with greater delity and accuracy.
Beta
Sony Beta SP video tape machines use an analog component format that is similar to SMPTE, but
diers in the amplitude of the color dierence signals. It may also carry setup on the luminance
channel.
Blanking
The Horizontal and Vertical blanking intervals of a television signal refer to the time periods between
lines and between elds. No picture information is transmitted during these times, which are required
in CRT displays to allow the electron beam to be repositioned for the start of the next line or eld.
They are also used to carry synchronizing pulses which are used in transmission and recovery of the
image. Although some of these needs are disappearing, the intervals themselves are retained for
compatibility purposes. They have turned out to be very useful for the transmission of additional
content, such as teletext and embedded audio.
CAV
Component Analog Video. This is a convenient shorthand form, but it is subject to confusion. It is
sometimes used to mean ONLY color dierence component formats (SMPTE or Beta), and other times
to include RGB format. In any case, a CAV signal will always require 3 connectors – either Y/R-Y/B-Y, or
R/G/B.
Checkeld
A Checkeld signal is a special test signal that stresses particular aspects of serial digital transmission.
The performance of the Phase Locked-Loops (PLLs) in an SDI receiver must be able to tolerate long
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runs of 0’s and 1’s. Under normal conditions, only very short runs of these are produced due to a
scrambling algorithm that is used. The Checkeld, also referred to as the Pathological test signal, will
“undo” the scrambling and cause extremely long runs to occur. This test signal is very useful for testing
transmission paths.
Chroma
The color or chroma content of a signal, consisting of the hue and saturation of the image. See also
Color Dierence.
Component
In a component video system, the totality of the image is carried by three separate but related
components. This method provides the best image delity with the fewest artifacts, but it requires
three independent transmission paths (cables). The commonly used component formats are
Luminance and Color Dierence (Y/Pr/Pb), and RGB. It was far too unwieldy in the early days of color
television to even consider component transmission.
Composite
Composite television dates back to the early days of color transmission. This scheme encodes the
color dierence information onto a color subcarrier. The instantaneous phase of the subcarrier is the
color’s hue, and the amplitude is the color’s saturation or intensity. This subcarrier is then added onto
the existing luminance video signal. This trick works because the subcarrier is set at a high enough
frequency to leave spectrum for the luminance information. But it is not a seamless matter to pull
the signal apart again at the destination in order to display it or process it. The resultant artifacts of
dot crawl (also referred to as chroma crawl) are only the most obvious result. Composite television is
the most commonly used format throughout the world, either as PAL or NTSC. It is also referred to as
Encoded video.
Color Dierence
Color Dierence systems take advantage of the details of human vision. We have more acuity in our
black and white vision than we do in color. This means that we need only the luminance information
to be carried at full bandwidth—we can scrimp on the color channels. In order to do this, RGB
information is converted to carry all of the luminance (Y is the black and white of the scene) in a single
channel. The other two channels are used to carry the “color dierence.” Noted as B-Y and R-Y, these
two signals describe how a particular pixel “diers” from being purely black and white. These channels
typically have only half the bandwidth of the luminance.
Decibel (dB)
The decibel is a unit of measure used to express the ratio in the amplitude or power of two signals. A
dierence of 20 dB corresponds to a 10:1 ratio between two signals, 6 dB is approximately a 2:1 ratio.
Decibels add while the ratios multiply, so 26 dB is a 20:1 ratio, and 14 dB is a 5:1 ratio. There are several
special cases of the dB scale where the reference is implied. Thus, dBm refers to power relative to 1
milliwatt, and dBu refers to voltage relative to .775V RMS. The original unit of measure was the Bel (10
times bigger), named after Alexander Graham Bell.
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dBFS
In Digital Audio systems, the largest numerical value that can be represented is referred to as Full
Scale. No values or audio levels greater than FS can be reproduced because they would be clipped.
The nominal operating point (roughly corresponding to 0 VU) must be set below FS in order to have
headroom for audio peaks. This operating point is described relative to FS, so a digital reference level
of -20 dBFS has 20 dB of headroom before hitting the FS clipping point.
DVI
Digital Visual Interface. DVI-I (integrated) provides both digital and analog connectivity. The larger
group of pins on the connector are digital while the four pins on the right are analog.
EDH
Error Detection and Handling is a method to verify proper reception of an SDI or HD SDI signal at the
destination. The originating device inserts a data packet in the vertical interval of the SDI signal and
every line of the HD signal which contains a checksum of the entire video frame. This checksum is
formed by adding up the numerical values of all of the samples in the frame, using a complex formula.
At the destination this same formula is applied to the incoming video and the resulting value is
compared to the one included in the transmission. If they match, then the content has all arrived with
no errors. If they don’t, then an error has occurred.
Embedded Audio
Digital Audio can be carried along in the same bit stream as an SDI or HD SDI signal by taking
advantage of the gaps in the transmission which correspond to the horizontal and vertical intervals
of the television waveform. This technique can be very cost eective in transmission and routing, but
can also add complexity to signal handling issues because the audio content can no longer be treated
independently of the video.
Frame Sync
A Frame Synchronizer is used to synchronize the timing of a video signal to coincide with a timing
reference (usually a color black signal that is distributed throughout a facility). The synchronizer
accomplishes this by writing the incoming video into a frame buer memory under the timing
direction of the sync information contained in that video. Simultaneously the memory is being read
back by a timing system that is genlocked to a house reference. As a result, the timing or alignment of
the video frame can be adjusted so that the scan of the upper left corner of the image is happening
simultaneously on all sources. This is a requirement for both analog and digital systems in order to
perform video eects or glitch-free switches in a router. Frame synchronization can only be performed
within a single television line standard. A synchronizer will not convert an NTSC signal to a PAL signal;
it takes a standards converter to do that.
Frequency Response
A measurement of the accuracy of a system to carry or reproduce a range of signal frequencies. Similar
to Bandwidth.
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HDMI
The High Denition Multimedia Interface comes to us from the consumer marketplace where it is
becoming the de facto standard for the digital interconnect of display devices to audio and video
sources. It is an uncompressed, all-digital interface that transmits digital video and eight channels of
digital audio. HDMI is a bit-serial interface that carries the video content in digital component form
over multiple twisted-pairs. HDMI is closely related to the DVI interface for desktop computers and
their displays.
IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission provides a wide range of worldwide standards. They
have provided standardization of the AC power connection to products by means of an IEC line cord.
The connection point uses three at contact blades in a triangular arrangement, set in a rectangular
connector. The IEC specication does not dictate line voltage or frequency. Therefore, the user must
take care to verify that a device either has a universal input (capable of 90 to 230 volts, either 50 or 60
Hz), or that a line voltage switch, if present, is set correctly.
Interlace
Human vision can be fooled to see motion by presenting a series of images, each with a small change
relative to the previous image. In order to eliminate the icker, our eyes need to see more than 30
images per second. This is accomplished in television systems by dividing the lines that make up
each video frame (which run at 25 or 30 frames per second) into two elds. All of the odd-numbered
lines are transmitted in the rst eld, the even-numbered lines in the second eld. In this way, the
repetition rate is 50 or 60 Hz, without using more bandwidth. This trick has worked well for years, but
it introduces other temporal artifacts. Motion pictures use a slightly dierent technique to raise the
repetition rate from the original 24 frames that occur each second—they just project each one twice.
IRE
Video level is measured on the IRE scale, where 0 IRE is black, and 100 IRE is full white. The actual
voltages that these levels correspond to can vary between formats.
ITU-R 601
This is the principal standard for standard denition component digital video. It denes the luminance
and color dierence coding system that is also referred to as 4:2:2. The standard applies to both PAL
and NTSC derived signals. They both will result in an image that contains 720 pixels horizontally, with
486 vertical pixels in NTSC, and 576 vertically in PAL. Both systems use a sample clock rate of 27 Mhz,
and are serialized at 270 Mb/s.
Jitter
Serial digital signals (either video or audio) are subject to the eects of jitter. This refers to the
instantaneous error that can occur from one bit to the next in the exact position of each digital
transition. Although the signal may be at the correct frequency on average, in the interim it varies.
Some bits come slightly early, other come slightly late. The measurement of this jitter is given either
as the amount of time uncertainty or as the fraction of a bit width. For 270 Mb/s video, the allowable
jitter is 740 picoseconds, or 0.2 UI (Unit Interval – one bit width).
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Luminance
The “black & white” content of the image. Human vision has more acuity in luminance, so television
systems generally devote more bandwidth to the luminance content. In component systems, the
luminance is referred to as Y.
Multi-mode
Multi-mode optical bers have a larger diameter core (either 50 or 62.5 microns) and a
correspondingly larger aperture. It is much easier to couple light energy into a multi-mode ber, but
internal reections will cause multiple “modes” of the signal to propagate down the ber. This will
degrade the ability of the ber to be used over long distances.
See also Single mode.
NTSC
The color television encoding system used in North America was originally dened by the National
Television Standards Committee. This American standard has also been adopted by Canada, Mexico,
Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. (This standard is referred to disparagingly as Never Twice Same Color.)
Optical
An optical interface between two devices carries data by modulating a light source. This light source
is typically a laser or laser diode (similar to an LED) which is turned on and o at the bit rate of the
data stream. The light is carried from one device to another through a glass ber. The ber’s core acts
as a waveguide or lightpipe to carry the light energy from one end to another. Optical transmission
has two very signicant advantages over metallic copper cables. Firstly, it does not require that the
two endpoint devices have any electrical connection to each other. This can be very advantageous
in large facilities where problems with ground loops appear. Secondly, and most importantly, an
optical interface can carry a signal for many kilometers or miles without any degradation or loss in the
recovered signal. Copper is barely useful at distances of just 1000 feet.
Oversampling
A technique to perform digital sampling at a multiple of the required sample rate. This has the
advantage of raising the Nyquist Rate (the maximum frequency which can be reproduced by a given
sample rate) much higher than the desired passband. This allows more easily realized anti-aliasing
lters.
PAL
During the early days of color television in North America, European broadcasters developed a
competing system called Phase Alternation by Line. This slightly more complex system is better able
to withstand the dierential gain and phase errors that appear in ampliers and transmission systems.
(Engineers at the BBC claim that it stands for Perfection At Last.)
Progressive
An image scanning technique which progresses through all of the lines in a frame in a single pass.
Computer monitors all use progressive displays. This contrasts to the interlace technique common to
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television systems.
Return Loss
An idealized input or output circuit will exactly match its desired impedance (generally 75 ohms) as a
purely resistive element, with no reactive (capacitive or inductive) elements. In the real world we can
only approach the ideal. So our real inputs and outputs will have some capacitance and inductance.
This will create impedance matching errors, especially at higher frequencies. The Return Loss of
an input or output measures how much energy is returned (reected back due to the impedance
mismatch). For digital circuits, a return loss of 15 dB is typical. This means that the energy returned is
15 dB less than the original signal. In analog circuits, a 40 dB gure is expected.
RGB
RGB systems carry the totality of the picture information as independent Red, Green, and Blue signals.
Television is an additive color system, where all three components add to produce white. Because the
luminance (or detail) information is carried partially in each of the RGB channels, all three must be
carried at full bandwidth in order to faithfully reproduce an image.
ScH Phase
Used in composite systems, ScH Phase measures the relative phase between the leading edge of sync
on line 1 of eld 1 and a continuous subcarrier sine wave. Due to the arithmetic details of both PAL
and NTSC, this relationship is not the same at the beginning of each frame. In PAL, the pattern repeats
every 4 frames (8 elds), which is also known as the Bruch Blanking sequence. In NTSC, the repeat is
every 2 frames (4 elds). This creates enormous headaches in editing systems and the system timing of
analog composite facilities.
SDI
Serial Digital Interface. This term refers to inputs and outputs of devices that support serial digital
component video. This could refer to standard denition at 270 Mb/s, HD SDI or High Denition Serial
Digital video at 1.485 Gb/s, or to the newer 3G standard of High Denition video at 2.97 Gb/s.
SMPTE
The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers is a professional organization which has done
tremendous work in setting standards for both the lm and television industries. The term “SMPTE’” is
also shorthand for one particular component video format—luminance and color dierence.
Single mode
A Single mode (or monomode) optical ber carries an optical signal on a very small diameter (9
micron) core surrounded with cladding. The small diameter means that no internally reected
lightwaves will be propagated. Thus only the original “mode” of the signal passes down the ber. A
single mode ber used in an optical SDI system can carry a signal for up to 20 kilometers. Single mode
bers require particular care in their installation due to the extremely small optical aperture that they
present at splice and connection points.
See also Multi-mode.
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TBC
A Time Base Corrector is a system to reduce the Time Base Error in a signal to acceptable levels. It
accomplishes this by using a FIFO (First In, First Out) memory. The incoming video is written into the
memory using its own jittery timing. This operation is closely associated with the actual digitization of
the analog signal because the varying position of the sync timing must be mimicked by the sampling
function of the analog-to-digital converter. A second timing system, genlocked to a stable reference,
is used to read the video back out of the memory. The memory acts as a dynamically adjusting delay
to smooth out the imperfections in the original signal’s timing. Very often a TBC will also function as a
Frame Synchronizer.
See also Frame Sync.
Time Base Error
Time base error is present when there is excessive jitter or uncertainty in the line-to-line output
timing of a video signal. This is commonly associated with playback from video tape recorders and
is particularly severe with consumer type heterodyne systems like VHS. Time base error will render a
signal unusable for broadcast or editing purposes.
Tri-Level Sync
An analog sync reference signal that is used in High Denition systems. Tri-Level Sync is constructed
with three signal levels: the sync pulses extend above and below a mid-level average voltage (the
blanking level). Unlike conventional analog sync which is bi-level, the proper 50% picko point is
already identied in Tri-Level Sync. This contributes to lower jitter in digital systems.
VGA
Video Graphics Array. Traditional 15-pin, analog interface between a PC and monitor.
YUV
Strictly speaking, YUV does not apply to component video. The letters refer to the Luminance (Y), and
the U and V encoding axes used in the PAL composite system. Since the U axis is very close to the B-Y
axis, and the V axis is very close to the R-Y axis, YUV is often used as a sort of shorthand for the more
long-winded “Y/R-Y/B-Y.”
Y/Cr/Cb
In digital component video, the luminance component is Y, and the two color dierence signals are Cr
(R-Y) and Cb (B-Y).
Y/Pr/Pb
In analog component video, the image is carried in three components. The luminance is Y, the R-Y
color dierence signal is Pr, and the B-Y color dierence signal is Pb.
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