EnOcean STM 431J User Manual

USER MANUAL

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

Scavenger Transmitter Module STM 431J

September 11, 2020

Observe precautions! Electrostatic sensitive devices!

Patent protected:

WO98/36395, DE 100 25 561, DE 101 50 128, WO 2004/051591, DE 103 01 678 A1, DE 10309334, WO 04/109236, WO 05/096482, WO 02/095707, US 6,747,573, US 7,019,241

USER MANUAL

Update with long term energy storage replacement, additional transport mode for

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

REVISION HISTORY

The following major modifications and improvements have been made to the first version of this document:

No Major Changes

1.0 Initial version

1.1. Added Marking and STM 435J.

1.2. Small editorial corrections.

1.3. Added PCB drawing STM 431J and STM 435J. Added radio certificate.

1.4. Corrected WHIP antenna length.

1.41. Changed helical antenna drawing.

2.0 Update of revision with consolidation and small corrections.

2.1 Update of links and design.

3.0 shelf storage & air cargo, optimized secure mode, new drawings, logo

3.1 Updated ARIB regulations

Published by EnOcean GmbH, Kolpingring 18a, 82041 Oberhaching, Germany www.enocean.com, info@enocean.com, phone ++49 (89) 6734 6890

Important!

This information describes the type of component and shall not be considered as assured characteristics. No responsibility is assumed for possible omissions or inaccuracies. Circuitry and specifications are subject to change without notice. For the latest product specifications, refer to the EnOcean website: http://www.enocean.com. As far as patents or other rights of third parties are concerned, liability is only assumed for modules, not for the described applications, processes and circuits. EnOcean does not assume responsibility for use of modules described and limits its liability to the replacement of modules determined to be defective due to workmanship. Devices or systems containing RF components must meet the essential requirements of the local legal authorities. The modules must not be used in any relation with equipment that supports, directly or indirectly, human health or life or with applications that can result in danger for people, animals or real value. Components of the modules are considered and should be disposed of as hazardous waste. Local government regulations are to be observed. Packing: Please use the recycling operators known to you.

USER MANUAL

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

TABLE OF CONTENT

1

2

3

4 5

GENERAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................. 4

1.1 Basic functionality ......................................................................................... 4

1.2 References ................................................................................................... 4

1.3 Technical data ............................................................................................... 6

1.4 Physical dimensions ....................................................................................... 6

1.5 Environmental conditions ............................................................................... 7

1.6 Ordering Information ..................................................................................... 8

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................ 9

2.1 Simplified firmware flow chart for standard /secure mode ................................. 10

2.2 Pin out ....................................................................................................... 11

2.3 Pin description and operational characteristics ................................................. 12

2.3.1 GPIO supply voltage ................................................................................ 14

2.3.2 Analog and digital inputs .......................................................................... 14

2.3.3 Temperature sensor ................................................................................. 15

2.3.4 Programming Interface............................................................................. 15

2.4 Absolute maximum ratings (non operating) .................................................... 16

2.5 Maximum ratings (operating) ........................................................................ 16

2.6 Power management and voltage regulators .................................................... 16

2.7 Configuration via programming interface ........................................................ 17

2.7.1 EEP Configuration .................................................................................... 17

2.7.2 Security Configuration .............................................................................. 18

2.8 Radio telegram ............................................................................................ 19

2.8.1 Normal operation – standard and enhanced security mode ........................... 19

2.8.2 Teach-in telegram - standard and enhanced security mode ........................... 19

2.9 Secure radio telegram .................................................................................. 19

2.9.1 Switching between modes ........................................................................ 19

2.9.2 Encrypted communication - Enhanced security mode ................................... 19

2.9.3 Security Teach-In - Enhanced security mode .............................................. 20

2.9.3.1 PSK Security Teach-in - Enhanced security mode - optional .................... 20

2.10 Signal telegram ...................................................................................... 20

2.11 Transmit timing ...................................................................................... 20

2.12 Charging circuitry ................................................................................... 22

2.13 Energy consumption ............................................................................... 22

2.13.1 Consumption in enhanced security mode .................................................... 23

APPLICATIONS INFORMATION ....................................................................... 24

3.1 Using the WAKE pins .................................................................................... 24

3.2 Temperature sensor ..................................................................................... 24

3.3 Set point control and occupancy button .......................................................... 25

3.4 Combination with humidity sensor module HSM 100 ........................................ 25

3.6 EEPROM Storage for the Rolling code ............................................................. 26

3.7 Antenna layout ............................................................................................ 26

3.7.1 Whip antenna .......................................................................................... 26

3.7.2 Helical antenna (STM 431J) ...................................................................... 27

3.8 Mounting STM 431J into a housing ................................................................. 28

3.9 Transmission range ..................................................................................... 29

AGENCY CERTIFICATIONS ............................................................................ 30

Label Information ........................................................................................ 31

5.1 QR Code label ............................................................................................. 31

5.1.1 Included Information: .............................................................................. 31

5.1.2 QR-Code Specification .............................................................................. 31

USER MANUAL

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

1.1 Basic functionality

The extremely power saving RF transmitter modules 43xJ of EnOcean are optimized for realization of wireless and maintenance free temperature sensors, or room operating panels including set point dial and occupancy button. They require only a minimum number of external components and provide an integrated and calibrated temperature sensor. Power supply is provided by a small solar cell, an external energy harvester or an external 3 V backup battery. An energy storage element is installed in order to bridge periods with no supply from the energy harvester. The module provides a user configurable cyclic wake up. After wake up, the internal microcontroller reads the status of the temperature sensor and optional set point dial. A radio telegram will be transmitted in case of a significant change of measured temperature or set point values or if the external occupancy button is pressed. In case of no relevant input change, a redundant retransmission signal is sent after a user configurable number of wake-ups to announce all current values. In addition to the cyclic wake-up, a wake up can be triggered externally using the input for the occupancy button or the internal LRN button. The firmware can be configured to use different EEPs / GPs according to the availability set point dial and occupancy button. STM 431J provides enhanced security features with encrypted communication. The modules can be switched from transport mode to standard or secure mode.

Features with built-in firmware



Pre-installed solar cell



On-board energy storage and charging circuit



On-board LRN button



On-board TX indicator LED



Calibrated internal temperature sensor



Input for external occupancy button and set point dial



Configurable wake-up and transmission cycle



Wake-up via Wake pins or LRN button



Support for humidity sensor module HSM 100



Enhanced Security communication

(to enable this feature, the receiver or gateway has to support EnOcean security)

Features accessible via API

Using the Dolphin V4 API library it is possible to write custom firmware for the module. The API provides:



Integrated 16.384 MHz 8051 CPU with 64 kB FLASH and 4 kB SRAM



Integrated temperature sensor



Various power down and sleep modes down to typ. 100 nA current consumption



Up to 13 configurable I/Os



10 bit ADC, 8 bit DAC

1.2 References

[1] Security of EnOcean Radio Networks – https://www.enocean-alliance.org/what-is-

enocean/specifications/

[2] Dolphin V4 Core Description - http://www.enocean.com/dolphin-v4-core-

description/

[3] Dolphin V4 API - http://www.enocean.com/en/enocean-software/

USER MANUAL

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

[4] AN509 Explanation of EnOcean security in applications -

http://www.enocean.com/en/application-notes/

[5] AN510 Adding Security to EnOcean Receivers -

http://www.enocean.com/en/application-notes/

[6] AN511 Advanced security in self-powered wireless applications -

http://www.enocean.com/en/application-notes/

[7] Microchip EEPROM Memory - www.microchip.com/serialeeprom/ [8] Generic Profiles Specification – https://www.enocean-alliance.org/what-is-

enocean/specifications/

[9] EnOcean Radio Protocol 2 - https://www.enocean.com/en/support/knowledge-base/

USER MANUAL

Antenna

Frequency

Data rate/Modulation type

Radiated

Power Supply

O

Operation start up time with empty

energy store

°C

Input Channels

Temperature sensor

EnOcean Equipment Profiles

SIGNAL 0x0E (Entering Transport Mode)

Generic Profiles

Enhanced Security features

Connector

Radio Regulations

Security Level Format

byte CMAC, VAES encryption

mm

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

1.3 Technical data

Helix antenna (STM 431J)

928.35MHz 125 kbps/FSK

Output Power Typ. 0dBm

@ VDD Pre-installed solar cell

peration time in darkness @ 25°C

Internal: temperature sensor, LRN button

Measurement range 0-40 °C, resolution 0.16 K

configurable EEPs: A5-02-05 (default), A5-10-05, A5-10-03

Illumination 50-100000 lux

2.1 V–5.0 V, 2.6 V needed for start-up

min. 10 days, if energy storage is fully charged

typ. < 2.5 min @ 400 lux / 25

incandescent or fluorescent light

External: occupancy button, set point dial, HSM 100

Accuracy typ. ±0.5 K between 17 °C and 27 °C

typ. ±1 K between 0 °C and 40 °C

and with HSM 100: A5-04-01, A5-10-10, A5-10-12

1

Profiles Temp : 0 – 40 Celsius, with 8, 10, 12 ,16 bit resolution

More options available with source code change

CMAC (3 bytes) / RLC (3 bytes) / VAES

20 pins, grid 1.27 mm, □ 0.4 mm

ARIB STD-T108

24-bit RLC, RLC tx, 3-

1.4 Physical dimensions

PCB dimensions 43±0.2 x 16±0.3 x 1±0.1

Module height 8 mm

Weight 4.5 g

1

At default configuration (wake-up cycle 100 s, transmission cycle 1000 s). Energy storage performance degrades over life time, especially if energy storage is long time exposed to very high temperatures. High temperatures will accelerate aging. Very low temperature will temporary reduce capacity of energy store and this leads to considerable shorter dark time operation.

USER MANUAL

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

Drawing STM 431 J

1.5 Environmental conditions

Operating temperature -20 °C … +60 °C Storage temperature -20 °C … +60 °C, recommended2: +10 °C…+30 °C, <60%r.h. Shelf life (in absolute darkness) 36 months after delivery Humidity 0% … 93% r.h., non-condensing

Deep discharge of the energy storage leads to degradation of performance. Radio modules will be delivered in transport mode to avoid this. If there is a storage time after configuration or commissioning, the radio module has to be switched back to transport mode to reduce power consumption to a minimum.

If a storage time of more than 36 months is required, the energy storage (MS414FE) has to be recharged (e.g. 2 days @ 1.000 lux) or with external 3.1 V.

USER MANUAL

The module shall not

be placed on conductive materials, to prevent discharge of

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

the internal energy storages. Even materials such as conductive foam (ESD protection) may have negative impact.

1.6 Ordering Information

Type Ordering Code

STM 431J S3061-D431

USER MANUAL

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

The module will be shipped in transport mode to switch off the energy store for long term shelf storage and air cargo. The mode can be changed by pressing the learn button. The procedure for enter the standard mode has not been changed to keep compatible with modules before stepcode DE.

Make sure that the solar cell will get enough light for mode change and/or learn telegram.

Change from transport to standard mode



After pressing the learn button 1x short (1s) the radio module will enter Standard Mode (Mode 1). The LED will flash 1x and a standard learn telegram will be sent.

Change from standard to secure mode



After pressing the learn button 2x long (2x 5s, pause <1s) the radio module will enter Secure Mode (Mode 2). A secure learn telegram will be sent and the LED will flash 2x.



Change from secure or standard mode to transport mode

After pressing the learn button 1x long (5s) the radio module will enter Transport Mode (Mode 3). A signal telegram will be sent and the LED will flash 3x.

The following diagram illustrates all implemented mode transitions.

Short press: 1 s (firmware 0.1 – 3.0 s) Long press: 5 s (firmware 3 – 7 s) 2x long press with very short pause of max. 1 s between Customers can adapt the mode change options via module configuration (see 2.7):



Transport/Standard/Secure Mode change on (default see diagram above) or



limited to Transport & Secure Mode (details support@enocean.com) or



limited Transport & Standard Mode (details support@enocean.com)

USER MANUAL

Before changing the operating mode please make sure to clear the device from

all

The flag for actual mode itself is stored in non

-

volatile memory. After power down

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

receivers which have been taught to work with this device before. Otherwise the receiver will ignore the telegrams and the application will not work.

reset the previous selected mode is active. The mode change is limited to 50 times. In normal application scenario only very few are required.

2.1 Simplified firmware flow chart for standard /secure mode

USER MANUAL

SET

OCC

RESET

BALUN

Spontaneous

up

Micro

Controller

RF Transmitter

928.35MHz

DOLPHIN

SWPWR

Energy

Storage

VCHAR

VGC

Solar Cell

Transmit

Indicator

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

2.2 Pin out

LRN button

UVDDext

LRN

Power management

wake -

VDD

16.384MHz Oscillator

V4

Whip antenna

HSM

A/D

GND

Energy

Store

1

LED

LRN

The figure above shows the pin out of the 431J modules. The pins are named according to the naming of the Dolphin V4 core to simplify usage of the DOLPHIN API.

USER MANUAL

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

2.3 Pin description and operational characteristics

STM 43xJ Hardware Symbol

GND GND Ground connection VDD VDD Supply voltage 2.1 V – 5.0 V; Start-up voltage: 2.6 V

VCHAR VCHAR Charging input Input for an external energy harvester or a

VGC VGC Voltage Long Term

SWPWR (= switched DVDD of Dolphin V4)

UVDDext (=UVDD of Dolphin V4 with 1.8MΩ in series)

IOVDD (not available at pin connector)

RESET

PROG_EN

ADIO0

ADIO1 Not used Internal pull-up; do not connect ADIO2 Not used Internal pull-up; do not connect

ADIO3 HSM Input for HSM 100 Internal pull-up; leave open or

ADIO4 Not used Internal pull-up; do not connect

STM 43xJ

Function Characteristics Firmware Symbol

Supply for programming I/F

Supply for programming I/F if VDD cannot be used.3

storage

SWPWR DVDD supply volt-

age regulator output switched via transistor controlled by Dolphin V4 ADIO5 pin.

UVDDext

IOVDD

RESET

PROG_EN

Ultra low power supply voltage regulator output

GPIO supply voltage

Reset input Programming I/F

Programming I/F HIGH: programming mode active

SET

Analog input For connection of an external set point di-

Maximum ripple: see 2.6 Not available at pin header.

Recommended supply voltage for programming 3V

battery. See 2.12. Recommended supply voltage for

programming 3.3V – 3.6 V

Connection of additional external energy storage possible. See 2.12

1.8 V. Output current: max. 5 mA. Supply for external circuitry, available while not in deep sleep mode. SWPWR is switched on 0.25 ms before sampling of inputs and is switched off afterwards.

Not for supply of external circuitry! For use with WAKE pins only, see section

3.1. Limited to max. 1 µA output current by internal 1.8 MΩ resistor!

Internal connection to Dolphin V4 DVDD (typ. 1.8 V) See 2.3.1

Active high reset (1.8 V) Fixed internal 10 kΩ pull-down.

LOW: operating mode Digital input, fixed internal 10 kΩ pulldown.

al. See 3.3

connect HSM 100

3

E.g. if module shall be programmed or configured via pin connector.

If a bed of nails fixture for programming is available VDD should be used instead of VCHAR.

USER MANUAL

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

ADIO6 Not used Internal pull-up; do not connect ADIO7 Programming I/F Leave open

SCSEDIO0 SDA EEPROM pin. SDA – I2C pin

Programming I/F

SCLKDIO1

SCL EEPROM pin. SCL – I2C pin Programming I/F

WSDADIO2

Programming I/F

RSDADIO3

Programming I/F

WAKE0 OCC Wake input Input for external occupancy button.

Change of logic state leads to wake-up and transmission of a telegram if correct EEP selected. Must be connected to UVDDext or GND! At time of delivery WAKE0 is connected to UVDDext via a jumper at the connector. See also 3.1.

WAKE1 LRN LRN input Change of logic state to LOW leads to

wake-up and transmission of teach-in telegram. Internal pull-up to UVDD. See also 2.8.2 and 3.1.

USER MANUAL

, do not apply

and the pins of the serial interface (SCSEDIO0,

. This may lead to unpredictable malfunction

See

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

2.3.1 GPIO supply voltage

The IOVDD pin of Dolphin V4 is internally connected to DVDD. For digital communication with other circuitry therefore a voltage of 1.8 V has to be used. While the module is in deep sleep mode the microcontroller with all its peripherals is switched off and DVDD, IOVDD, and SWPWR are not supplied.

If DVDD=0 V and IOVDD is not supplied (e.g. while in sleep mode) voltage to ADIO0 to ADIO7 SCLKDIO1, WSDADIO2, RSDADIO3) of the device.

For I/O pins configured as analog pins the IOVDD voltage level is not relevant! also 2.3.2.

IOVDD

If configured as digital I/O

ADIO0

ADIO1

ADIO2

ADIO3

ADIO4

ADIO5

ADIO6

ADIO7

SCSEDIO0

SCLKDIO1

WSDADIO2

RSDADIO3

2.3.2 Analog and digital inputs

Parameter Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Units

Analog Input Mode

Single ended

Measurement range

Input coupling DC

Input impedance

Input capacitance

Parameter Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Units

Digital Input Mode

Input HIGH voltage

Input LOW voltage

Pull up resistor @IOVDD=1.7 … 1.9 V 90 132 200 k

4

For measurement of set point with external set point dial

Internal reference RVDD/2

Interpreted as4 0x00 0xFF

Single ended against GND @ 1 kHz Single ended against GND @ 1 kHz

2/3

1/3

0 RVDD V

10 M

10 pF

V

IOVDD

V

IOVDD

USER MANUAL

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

2.3.3 Temperature sensor

Parameter Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Units

Measurement range 0 40 °C

Accuracy

17 - 27 °C 0 - 40

0.5 1

K

2.3.4 Programming Interface

The positions of the pads needed for programming are shown in the layout below.

Number Symbol

1 VDD 2 GND 3 PROG_EN 4 RESET 5 SCSEDIO0 6 SCLKDIO1 7 WSDADIO2 8 RSDADIO3 9 ADIO7 10 ADIO6

Only if in addition to programming I/F a serial interface is needed

Top layer

If VDD is not accessible, e.g. because the module shall be programmed via the pin connector, please use VCHAR instead of VDD (see 2.12).

USER MANUAL

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

2.4 Absolute maximum ratings (non operating)

Symbol Parameter Min Max Units

VDD Supply voltage at VDD -0.5 5.5 V VGC Voltage long term storage 2.0 3.3 V VCHAR Supply voltage from external energy harvester 0 6 V ICHAR Supply current from external energy harvester 45 mA GND Ground connection 0 0 V VINA Voltage at every analog input pin -0.5 2 V VIND Voltage at RESET, WAKE0/1, and every digital input -0.5 3.6 V

2.5 Maximum ratings (operating)

Symbol Parameter Min Max Units

VDD Supply voltage at VDD and VDDLIM 2.1 5.0 V VGC Voltage long term storage 2.0 3.3 V VCHAR Supply voltage from external energy harvester 0 6 V

Supply current from external energy harvester

ICHAR

VCHAR<4 V

4 V<VCHAR<6 V GND Ground connection 0 0 V VINA Voltage at every analog input pin 0 2.0 V VIND Voltage at RESET, WAKE0/1, and every digital input 0 3.6 V

Limited

internally

45

mA

2.6 Power management and voltage regulators

Symbol Parameter Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Units

Voltage Regulators

VDDR

Ripple on VDD, where

Min(VDD) > VON UVDD Ultra Low Power supply 1.8 V RVDD RF supply Internal signal only 1.7 1.8 1.9 V DVDD Digital supply Internal signal only 1.7 1.8 1.9 V

Threshold Detector

VON Turn on threshold 2.3 2.45 2.6 V

VOFF Turn off threshold

Threshold detector

STM 431J provide an internal ultra low power ON/OFF threshold detector. If VDD > VON, it turns on the ultra low power regulator (UVDD), the watchdog timer and the WAKE# pins circuitry. If VDD ≤ VOFF it initiates the automatic shut down of STM 431J. For details of this mechanism please refer to the Dolphin V4 Core Description documentation.

50 mV

Automatic shutdown if

1.85 1.9 2.1 V

VDD drops below VOFF

pp

USER MANUAL

via programming interface

interface

Dolphin V4 Suite, or EOPX2

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

2.7 Configuration via programming interface

Via the programming interface the configuration area can be modified. This provides a lot more configuration options. These settings are read after RESET or power-on reset only and not at every wake-up.

The interface is shown in the figure below:

Reset

PROG_EN

USB

USB <=> SPI

SPI

EnOcean provides EOPX2 (EnOcean Programmer, a command line program) and Dolphin Suite (Windows application for chip configuration, programming, and testing) and the USB/SPI programmer device as part of the EDK 350 developer´s kit

In Dolphin Suite two configuration tabs for the STM 431J are available. The profile (GP / EEP) parameters and the module specific security parameters.

Based on Step code a newer version can be avaivable.

In standard case the user only needs to change the profile parameters = communication profile.

All security parameters of STM 431J are initialized in production. The module specific parameters, key, PSK and RLC are also initialised during production to a random value. If the module is used with standard Firmware no additional configuration at the security parameters is required. However we provide the security configuration of the keys as option for developers.

ADIO7 SCSEDIO0 SCLKDIO1

WSDADIO2

RSDADIO3

STM 431J

2.7.1 EEP Configuration

Parameter Configuration

Wake up cycle Value can be set from 1 s to 65534 s – DEFAULT: 100s

Redundant Retransmission cycle

Threshold values for Temperature, Set point

Edge of wake 0 pin change causing a telegram transmission

Manufacturer ID and EEP (EnOcean Equipment Profile)

Min…Max values for random interval If Min=Max -> random switched off – DEFAULT MIN: 7, MAX: 14

The values are: Temperature: default: 0.5 K (raw value 3), unit is ~0.16

K, max 10 K (raw value 62). Set point Temperature: default: 10 A/D digits. (max is

254) 255 – for any values – means ignore any change.

Every change of a wake pin triggers a wake-up. For Wake0 pin it can be configured individually if a telegram shall be sent on rising, falling, both edges or none.

Information about manufacturer and type of device. This feature is needed for “automatic” interoperability of sensors and actuators or bus systems. Information how to set these parameters requires an agreement with EnOcean. Unique manufacturer IDs are distributed by the

USER MANUAL

via programming interface

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

EnOcean Alliance.

2.7.2 Security Configuration

Parameter Configuration

Mode There are three options available:

Transport / Secure / Normal Transport / Secure Transport / Normal

External EEPROM Present Default is set to yes. If set to no, then the module will

not store the RLC. The Security level format must be specified not to use RLC, otherwise the RLC will restart after a power down.

Initialisation of external EEPROM. One time option, must be performed at first start up.

Default Yes.

Pre-shared key usage Default: disabled.

Private Key AES 128 key which is used for data encryption.

Please refer to the Security specification for details on the Security level format.

Subkey 1 Subkey derivated from private key.

Subkey 2 Subkey derivated from private key.

Pre-shared Key Pre-shared key used for PSK protected teach in.

Set initial RLC Initial value of the RLC.

USER MANUAL

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

2.8 Radio telegram

2.8.1 Normal operation – standard and enhanced security mode

In normal operation 431J transmit telegram data according to the selected EEP or GP. (EnOcean Equipment Profile). In case of STM 431J is in enhanced security mode this telegram is encrypted. For details please refer to the EnOcean Equipment Profiles specification.

2.8.2 Teach-in telegram - standard and enhanced security mode

In case of a wake-up via WAKE1 pin (LRN input) the module transmits a teach-in telegram.

If the manufacturer code is not set, the module transmits a normal telegram according



to 2.8.1 with the difference that DI_3=0.



If a manufacturer code is set, this teach-in telegram contains special information as described below.

With this special teach-in telegram it is possible to identify the manufacturer of a device and the function and type of a device. The following EnOcean Equipment Profiles are supported by STM 431J. They have to be selected according to the availability of external occupancy button and set point control by the method described in 2.7:



A5-02-05 Temperature sensor 0-40 °C (default)



A5-10-03 Temperature sensor 0-40 °C, set point control



A5-10-05 Temperature sensor 0-40 °C, set point, and occupancy control

If a HSM 100 module is plugged onto the connector in addition the following EEPs are supported:



A5-04-01 Temperature and humidity sensor 0-40 °C and 0-100% r.h. A5-10-10 Temperature and humidity sensor 0-40 °C and 0-100% r.h.,



set point control, and occupancy control



A5-10-12 Temperature and humidity sensor 0-40 °C and 0-100% r.h., set point control

For details please refer to the EnOcean Equipment Profiles specification.

If Generic Profiles was selected then in teach-in mode Generic Profiles Teach-in request is transmitted. Please refer to the Generic Profiles Specification for details [8].

2.9 Secure radio telegram

The STM 431J can be operated in:



Standard mode – no enhanced security is used. This is the common operation mode, originally available. This is also the default factory mode.



Security mode – communication is protected by enhanced security features. This mode was added later in module evolution.

2.9.1 Switching between modes

See chapter 2 for details.

2.9.2 Encrypted communication - Enhanced security mode

In enhanced mode the data link content is always protected with advanced security features. Normal operation DL and also Teach-in DL are protected in the same way. The secu-

USER MANUAL

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

rity features used are defined by the Security Level format - SLF. This parameter is set by default to the highest possible level and cannot be changed (Stepcode >=DE):

 24-bit RLC, set to 0 at production  RLC tx,  3-byte CMAC,  VAES encryption

To add security features to the communication the Normal operation DL and Teach-in DL are encapsulated into a secured telegram. The data content of the telegram is not changed. Please refer to the EnOcean Security Specification [1] for details.

2.9.3 Security Teach-In - Enhanced security mode

To enable security communication the STM 431J has to send a security teach-in telegram to the other communication partner and so inform him about the used security profile, keys and initial RLC. The security teach-in has to take place before any other communication can be executed (profile teach-in included). To trigger the transmission of the teach-in telegram WAKE1 pin (LRN input) is pressed. The security teach-in telegram is transmitted before the profile teach-in. The following profile teach-in telegram is already protected by advanced security features.

The process of sending security teach-in telegram and profile teach-in telegram is triggered by one pressing of the LRN button.

The behaviour of the LRN button in enhanced mode is following:

1. Button is pressed

2. Security teach-in is send.

3. Profile teach-in is send.

2.9.3.1 PSK Security Teach-in - Enhanced security mode - optional

The Security Teach-in telegram carries the information of KEY and RLC. This information is either send plain text (as is) or it is protected by the pre-shared key - PSK. The PSK must be in printed on the transmitting device. To use PSK teach-in, the PSK must be read by the end-user and entered into the other communication partner. For this purpose the EnOcean radio interface cannot be used. The PSK can be entered through an user interface or semiautomatized e.g. by a QR code reader.

For details on the PSK Teach-in please refer to the EnOcean Security Specification [1].

PSK feature is disabled by default. To enable PSK feature the execute configuration via programming interface. See chapter 2.7.2 for details.

2.10 Signal telegram

After pressing the LRN button for 5 seconds a signal telegram (data: 0x0E) will be sent and the module enters the transport mode. Signal telegram is used for the purpose to inform the nearby receivers this device will stop radio transmission.

For details please refer to the EnOcean Equipment Profiles specification. (http://www.enocean-alliance.org/eep/)

2.11 Transmit timing

The setup of the transmission timing allows avoiding possible collisions with data packages of other EnOcean transmitters as well as disturbances from the environment. Within each transmission cycle, 3 identical sub-telegrams are transmitted within 25 ms.

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Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

In case of case of encrypted operation only 2 sub telegrams are transmitted.

The transmission of one sub-telegram lasts approximately 1.2 ms (normal) or 2 ms (secured).

See EnOcean Radio Protocol 2 for detailed timings [8].

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Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

2.12 Charging circuitry

The figure below shows the internal charging circuit. It is controlled via the WXODIO pin of Dolphin V4 which switches according to the status of the internal threshold detector. For details please refer to the Dolphin V4 Core Description documentation. The WXIDIO pin is used to disconnect the long term energy storage element at voltages below VOFF to avoid deep discharge.

C1 is from DE step code changes to MS412FE.

An external 3 V backup battery can be connected at VCHAR.

2.13 Energy consumption

For energy calculations following values are used:



Internal energy storage MS412FE with usable capacity of about 0.7 mAh

https://www.sii.co.jp/en/me/datasheets/ms-rechargeable/ms412fe-5/

(usable voltage range 2.4 - 3 V at 25 °C)



Solar cell ECS 200 delivers at 200 lux about 5 µA

https://www.enocean.com/de/enocean-module/details/ecs-300/



Power consumption transmit cycle standard mode: 100 µAs



Power consumption internal sensor measurement: cycle 30 µAs Current is proportional to illumination level (not true at very low levels!)



Average leak current of STM 4xy at 25°C: 0.5 uA

Example calculation of the energy consumption with following parameters:

Requirements for example calculation:



configuration: wake cycle 100 s and min. transmit every 10th wake up



8 h light per day (24 h) light @ 200 lux and 25°C

Current consumption (depending on amount of wake-ups due to temperature change):



Min. current consumption with no wake-up cycle due to temperature changes: 30 uAs / 100 s + 100 uAs / 1000 s + 0.5 uA = 0.9 uA

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STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

Maximum current consumption with max. wake-up cycles due to temperature



changes : 30 uAs / 100 s + 100 uAs / 100 s + 0.5 uA = 1.8 uA



Average current consumption: (0.9 uA + 1.8 uA) / 2 = 1.35 uA

Average solar power harvested: 5uA / (8 h / 24 h) = 1.67 uA



Time to fully charge energy storage (2.4 to 3.0 V) at stable temperature:

0.7 mAh / (1.67 uA – 0.9 uA) = 909 h = 38 days

Average operation time in darkness when fully charged (3.0 V to 2.4 V):

0.7 mAh / 1.35 uA = 519 h = 22 days

Remarks:



Calculation examples and values have tolerances of about +/- 20%. Energy storage performance, power consumption and solar cell performance varies



over temperature.



Energy storage performance degrades over life time, especially if energy storage is long time exposed to very high temperatures. High temperatures will accelerate aging. Very low temperature will temporary reduce capacity of energy store and this leads to considerable shorter dark time operation



Short wake-up cycles (e.g. 1 s) and transmit intervals (e.g. 1 s) significantly reduce energy storage performance, for this use case an external power supply is recommended

2.13.1 Consumption in enhanced security mode

Enhanced security mode requires more energy due to encryption algorithm computing time and extended telegram length because of CMAC and RLC. This added consumption is compensated by reducing the subtelegram count to 2. With this measure the operation in dark time is even little bit increased.

There it is to assume the operation in dark time is not reduced by using enhanced security.

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at a defined logic level at any

At time of delivery a jumper is connected between WAKE0 and UVDDext.

Dolphin V4

WAKE0

UVDD

STM 431J

LRN Button

Jumper installed at

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

3 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION

3.1 Using the WAKE pins

The logic input circuits of the WAKE0 and WAKE1 pins are supplied by UVDD and therefore also usable in “Deep Sleep Mode”. Due to current minimization there is no internal pull-up or pull-down at the WAKE pins. When STM 431J is in “Deep Sleep Mode” and the logic levels of WAKE0 and / or WAKE1 is changed, STM 431J starts up.

As the there is no internal pull-up or pull-down at the WAKE0 pin, it has to be ensured by external circuitry, that the WAKE0 pin is time. WAKE1 provides an internal 1.8 MΩ pull-up. See figure below.

WAKE1

1M8

WAKE1

GND

1M8

UVDDext

WAKE0

time of delivery

When the LRN button is pressed WAKE1 is pulled to GND and a teach-in telegram is transmitted. As long as the button is pressed a small current of approximately 1 µA is flowing. It is possible to connect an additional external button in parallel between WAKE1 and GND if a different position of the button in the device is required.

WAKE0 is connected to UVDDext via a jumper at time of delivery. If the module is mounted onto a host PCB the jumper has to be removed. The circuitry on the host PCB then has to ensure that WAKE0 is always in a defined position. There are two ways to use WAKE0:



Connect WAKE0 to UVDDext and connect an external button between WAKE0 and GND. As long as the button is pressed a current of 1 µA will flow.



Connect a 3 terminal switch and switch WAKE0 to either GND or UVDDext. In this case there is no continuous flow of current in either position of the switch.

3.2 Temperature sensor

STM 431J provide an internal temperature sensor which is part of the Dolphin V4 integrated circuit and measures the chip temperature. Therefore it is important to provide a good thermal connection of the IC to the environment by ensuring sufficient ventilation of air inside the housing. Only then the measurement will represent the ambient temperature.

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STM

431J

HSM 100

STM 431J

SWPWR

GND

ADIO0

10k OCC

UVDDext

Set Point

Occupancy

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

Depending on the design of the housing a delay between ambient temperature changes and measured temperature value will be seen.

Heating of the chip due to its current consumption is negligible as the chip only consumes 100 nA while in sleep mode. Temperature measurement every second is not recommended as in this case effects of heating of the chip might become visible and accuracy is reduced.

3.3 Set point control and occupancy button

In order to control the set point, an external potentiometer has to be connected as shown below. In addition this figure shows how to connect the occupancy button.

3.4 Combination with humidity sensor module HSM 100

The humidity sensor module HSM 100 extends the functionality of STM 431J temperature sensor modules. HSM 100 contains an internal calibrated humidity sensor and can be plugged onto STM 431J modules via the 20 pin connector. For details please refer to the data sheet of HSM 100.

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STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

3.6 EEPROM Storage for the Rolling code

The STM 431J was developed to be used with internal memory. The EEPROM is connected to the SDA and SLK pins and it is suited on the PCB of the STM 431. The SWPWR pin controls the power supply of the EEPROM. Please consider that the SWPWR pin also provides energy to possible external sensor circuit – absolute maximum is

The EEPROM current is typ. 0.1 mA for 5 ms during write operation. For details please refer to the User Manual of the EEPROM [7] (24AA08).

Circuit of connected EERPOM is following:

5 mA

.

3.7 Antenna layout

3.7.1 Whip antenna

Specification of the whip antenna; L=64 mm

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Glass, wood, concrete, metal

> 2mm

> 5mm

Plastic

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

Antenna layout recommendation

STM 43xJ without host PCB STM 43xJ with host PCB

Glass, wood, concrete, metal

> 1cm

> 2cm

Host PCB GND plane

3.7.2 Helical antenna (STM 431J)

Antenna recommendation

STM 431J without host PCB STM 431J with host PCB

Host PCB

GND plane

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lease make sure not to exert

and should be

Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

3.8 Mounting STM 431J into a housing

The figure below shows an example of a housing into which the module can be mounted (with antenna pointing to the left).

To avoid damage to the solar cell or the PCB itself, p shear force (side force within the plane of the solar cell) onto the solar cell! The maximum vertical force onto the solar cell must not exceed 4 N homogeneously distributed! Bending of the PCB must be avoided!

Please make sure that the housing covers 0.5 mm at the solar cell edges. Within 0.5 mm off the edge flaking is possible due to the cutting process.

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STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

3.9 Transmission range

The main factors that influence the system transmission range are type and location of the antennas of the receiver and the transmitter, type of terrain and degree of obstruction of the link path, sources of interference affecting the receiver, and “Dead” spots caused by signal reflections from nearby conductive objects. Since the expected transmission range strongly depends on this system conditions, range tests should categorically be performed before notification of a particular range that will be attainable by a certain application.

The following figures for expected transmission range may be used as a rough guide only:



Line-of-sight connections: Typically 30 m range in corridors, up to 100 m in halls



Plasterboard walls / dry wood: Typically 30 m range, through max. 5 walls



Ferroconcrete walls / ceilings: Typically 10 m range, through max. 1 ceiling



Fire-safety walls, elevator shafts, staircases and supply areas should be considered as screening.

The angle at which the transmitted signal hits the wall is very important. The effective wall thickness – and with it the signal attenuation – varies according to this angle. Signals should be transmitted as directly as possible through the wall. Wall niches should be avoided. Other factors restricting transmission range:



Switch mounted on metal surfaces (up to 30% loss of transmission range)



Hollow lightweight walls filled with insulating wool on metal foil



False ceilings with panels of metal or carbon fiber



Lead glass or glass with metal coating, steel furniture

The distance between EnOcean receivers and other transmitting devices such as computers, audio and video equipment that also emit high-frequency signals should be at least 0.5 m.

A summarized application note to determine the transmission range within buildings is available as download from www.enocean.com.

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Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

4 AGENCY CERTIFICATIONS

STM 431J complies with the Japanese radio law and is certified according to ARIB STDT108.

When developing customer specific firmware based on the API for this module, special care must be taken not to exceed the specified regulatory limits, e.g. the duty cycle limitations!

Please find more details in the EnOcean Radio Protocol 2 Specification5.

When the product is placed on the Japanese market, it must carry the Specified Radio Equipment marking as shown below:

5

https://www.enocean.com/fileadmin/redaktion/pdf/tec_docs/EnOceanRadioProtocol2.pdf

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STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

5 Label Information

1. Product name - „STM 431J / STM 435J“

2. Step Code „xy“

3. Date Code “KW/YY”: e.g. 15/13

4. Status „D431-z“: e.g 1

5. DMC

6. ARIB Marking, radius 3mm

7. ARIB Marking with number (003-130187)

5.1 QR Code label

5.1.1 Included Information:

[30S00000502CB78+ ZBA2054A875E77768C7740157BDF9CF68+30PS3061-

D431+2PDB08+S01123456123456]

30S00000502CB78 15 CHARS 30S<6 Byte Chip-ID> + 1 CHAR 13ZBA2054A…….68 33 CHARS 13Z<32 Digit Key> + 1 CHAR 30PS3061-D431 13CHARS 30P<Order code> + 1 CHAR 2PDB08 6 CHARS 2P<2 Digit Stepcode><2 Digit Status> + 1 CHAR Sxxyyyyyyyyyyyy 15 CHARS S<2 Digit Hersteller Kennung>

<12 Digit DMC/Seriennummer>

5.1.2 QR-Code Specification

QR-Code Version: 4 (33x33 pixel) Error Correction Level: M (15% error correction) Mode: Alphanumeric Mode Character Capacity: 90

Keep off are around the code: 2 Pixel (UP, Down, Left und Right) Pixel Size: min. 4x4 points per Pixel

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Scavenger Transmitter Module

STM 431J (STEPCODE: DE and later)

600dpi x 600dpi Resolution: 1 Printpoint: 0.0423mm x 0.0423mm 1 Pixel: 0.1693mm x 0.1693mm

EnOcean STM 431J User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual