ENMETENMET Corporation
PO Box 979
Ann Arbor, MI 48106-0979
Spectrum RAL
Compressed Air Line
Carbon Monoxide Monitor
Instrument Manual
80002-033
07/10/96
MCN #189, 04/03/98
MCN #204, 10/20/98
MCN #218, 06/15/99
MCN #246, 12/28/00
MCN #258, 07/18/01
MCN #268, 11/05/01
Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Unpack ................................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Check Order.......................................................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Serial Numbers .................................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.4 Check Instrument..............................................................................................................................................................2
2.0 SPECTRUM-RAL FEATURES AND INSTALLATION...............................................................................2
2.1 Features...............................................................................................................................................................................2
2.2 SPECTRUM-RAL Installation.......................................................................................................................................4
2.2.1 Mount Enclosure....................................................................................................................................................4
2.2.2 Air Supply...............................................................................................................................................................4
2.2.3 Relay Contacts.......................................................................................................................................................4
3.0 SPECTRUM-RAL OPERATION.........................................................................................................5
3.1 Operational Menu..............................................................................................................................................................5
3.2 Gas Concentration Display and Alarms ........................................................................................................................6
3.3 Alarm Acknowledge.........................................................................................................................................................6
3.4 Data......................................................................................................................................................................................6
3.5 Interference Gases ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
4.0 MAINTENANCE................................................................................................................................8
4.1 Maintenance Menu...........................................................................................................................................................8
4.2 Key.......................................................................................................................................................................................9
4.3 Zero......................................................................................................................................................................................9
4.4 Calibration ..........................................................................................................................................................................9
4.5 Changing the Alarm Level.............................................................................................................................................10
4.6 Setting a New Key..........................................................................................................................................................10
4.7 Changing Components ................................................................................................................................................... 10
5.0 REPLACEMENT PART NUMBERS ...................................................................................................... 11
6.0 WARRANTY............................................................................................................................... 12
APPENDIX A....................................................................................................................................... 13
The Characteristics and Effects of Carbon Monoxide.....................................................................................................13
List of Illustrations
FIGURE 1: SPECTRUM-RAL F EATURES ................................................................................................3
FIGURE 2: SPECTRUM-RAL INTERIOR VIEW ..........................................................................................4
TABLE 1: RELAY CONNECTIONS TO TERMINAL STRIP..................................................................................4
FIGURE 3: OPERATION M ENU DIAGRAM ...................................................................................................5
TABLE 2: KNOWN INTERFERENCE GASES .................................................................................................7
TABLE 3: KNOWN GASES WITH NO RESPONSE...........................................................................................7
FIGURE 4: MAINTENANCE M ENU DIAGRAM ...............................................................................................8
FIGURE 5: REMOVE SHORTING CLIP......................................................................................................10
FIGURE 6: % COHB VS TIME................................................................................................................ 13
SPECTRUM RAL ENMET Corporation
1.0 Introduction1.0 Introduction
The SPECTRUM-RAL carbon monoxide monitor is a small 110 VAC operated instrument for the detection of carbon
monoxide gas in compressed air lines. An electrochemical cell detects the gas, and the gas concentration is displayed
on an LCD. Audio and visual alarms occur when the gas concentration exceeds a preset alarm point. At relatively low
concentrations of CO, an alarm can be acknowledged, which results in the temporary cessation of the audio alarm.
Operation and maintenance procedures are managed with two pushbutton switches.
A description of the characteristics and toxic effects of carbon monoxide is given in Appendix A, and should be
reviewed by the user.
NOTE: All specifications stated in this manual may change without notice.
1.1 Unpack
Unpack the SPECTRUM-RAL and examine it for shipping damage. If such damage is observed, notify both
ENMET customer service personnel and the commercial carrier involved immediately.
Regarding Damaged Shipments
NOTE: It is your responsibility to follow these instructions. If they are not followed, the carrier will
not honor any claims for damage.
q This shipment was carefully inspected, verified and properly packaged at our company and delivered to the
carrier in good condition.
q When it was picked up by the carrier at ENMET, it legally became your company’s property.
q If your shipment arrives damaged:
• Keep the items, packing material, and carton “As Is.” Within 5 days of receipt, notify the carrier’s local
office and request immediate inspection of the carton and the contents.
• After the inspection and after you have received written acknowledgment of the damage from the carrier,
contact ENMET Customer Service for return authorization and further instructions. Have your Purchase
Order and Sales Order numbers available.
q ENMET either repairs or replaces damaged equipment and invoices the carrier to the extent of the liability
coverage, usually $100.00. Repair or replacement charges above that value are your company’s responsibility.
q The shipping company may offer optional insurance coverage. ENMET only insures shipments with the
shipping company when asked to do so in writing by our customer. If you need your shipments insured, please
forward a written request to ENMET Customer Service.
Regarding Shortages
If there are any shortages or questions regarding this shipment, please notify ENMET Customer Service within 5 days
of receipt at the following address:
ENMET Corporation
680 Fairfield Court
Ann Arbor, MI 48108
734-761-1270 734-761-3220 Fax
1.2 Check Order
Check, the contents of the shipment against the purchase order. Verify that the SPECTRUM-RAL is received as
ordered. If there are accessories on the order, ascertain that they are present. Check the contents of calibration kits.
Notify ENMET customer service personnel of any discrepancy immediately.
1.3 Serial Numbers
Each SPECTRUM-RAL is serialized. These numbers are on tags on the equipment and are on record in an ENMET
database.
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ENMET Corporation SPECTRUM RAL
1.4 Check Instrument
Turn the instrument ON, by plugging into a standard 110 VAC wall outlet and attach to your compressed air line
system. In uncontaminated air, the display should read 0000 within ten seconds of turn-on.
Check display operations by pressing the OPTION and SELECT switches as described in Figure 1.
The SPECTRUM-RAL instrument is calibrated prior to shipment. However, it is advisable to apply a known source
of carbon monoxide to the instrument to verify the sensor has not been damaged during shipment.
If there is access to a source of CO in compressed air, such as in a calibration kit, expose the sensor to CO, and
observe that the instrument is responsive.
If the concentration of CO is greater than 10 ppm, the instrument indicates an alarm condition. Acknowledge the
alarm by pressing and releasing the right hand pushbutton, SELECT; this silences the audio alarm for four minutes
unless the concentration of CO is greater than 50 PPM.
Remove source of CO. After the display reads zero or close to it, turn the instrument off, by removing the power
adapter from the wall outlet.
If the instrument does not operate as described, contact ENMET customer service personnel immediately.
2.0 2.0 SPECTRUM-RAL Features and Installation Features and Installation
2.1 Features
The features of the SPECTRUM-RAL Carbon Monoxide monitor are shown in Figure 1. These are:
DISPLAY LCD indicates the gas concentration, or prompts for the operational and
maintenance menus
PUSHBUTTON
SWITCHES
These switches are used to access and utilize the operational and maintenance menus.
There are two of these, as follows:
OPTION, the left hand switch.
SELECT, the right hand switch.
SENSOR HOUSING A small cylindrical turret on the display surface; the membrane of the
electrochemical sensor is exposed to the compressed air through the air supply line.
REGULATOR A pressure regulator with a gauge.
FLOWMETER Flowmeter with an adjustable valve, connected by tubing to the sensor housing.
VISUAL ALARM A red LED, which is ON whenever, the CO concentration is above the alarm point.
AUDIO ALARM A small horn, which is ON whenever, the gas concentration is above the alarm
point, until the alarm is acknowledged.
COVER Retained with four screws and removed to change the sensor and access the
terminal strip.
RELAY CONTACT
TERMINAL STRIP
A terminal strip inside the enclosure that enables access to the alarm relay contacts.
See Figure 2.
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SPECTRUM RAL ENMET Corporation
Valve
O
Enclosure Cover
Sensor Housing
Pushbutton
Switches
Fitting
Enclosure Body
(Sensor)
PTIONSELECT
Cover Screws
(Tubing from Flowmeter)
4 places
Visual Alarm
Power Cord
Ref: Fitting to Air line
Tubing to Monitor
Pressure Control Knob
Regulator
Gauge
Display
Audio Alarm
Exterior View
Flowmeter
Flowmeter
Regulator with Flow meter
Figure 1: SPECTRUM-RAL Features
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ENMET Corporation SPECTRUM RAL
Relay Contact
Mounting Holes
2.2 SPECTRUM-RAL Installation
2.2.1 Mount Enclosure
Mount the enclosure at an appropriate location using the two mounting holes accessible inside the enclosure. See
Figure 2. The location should be far enough upstream from the user that the sample air reaches the monitor before the
air reaches the user.
2 places
Terminal Strip
Figure 2: SPECTRUM-RAL Interior View
2.2.2 Air Supply
The male quick disconnect pneumatic connector on the regulator-flowmeter assembly is a Foster 3003 series. Plumb
the associated female connector into the airline. See Figure 1.
Connect the regulator-flowmeter and set the pressure at approximately:
20 PSIG and the flow at 1.0 SCFH or 0.5 l min.
2.2.3 Relay Contacts
Relay contacts are accessible on a spring-clamp terminal strip inside the enclosure after removing the cover. Terminal
strip locations are listed in Table 1.
Table 1: Relay connections to terminal strip
Relay contact Terminal position
C 10
NC 11
NO 12
NOTE: Some versions of the SPECTRUM-RAL have two sets of relay contacts. If there is a second set of relay
contacts there will be 13 – 15 positions on the terminal strip. If present position 13=C, 14=NC and 15=NO.
Contact position refers to the unpowered condition that is also the alarm condition. Relay contacts are rated at 2 amps
@ 110 V. Instrument ground is accessible at terminal strip locations 1, 2, and 3, and +12 VDC is available at locations
4, 5, and 6. When powering an auxiliary device with +12 V DC, do not overload the power supply (exceed 200 mA).
To exit relay wires, drill a hole in the lower right surface of the enclosure, and use a strain relief.
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SPECTRUM RAL ENMET Corporation
3.0 3.0 SPECTRUM-RAL Operation
Plug the power supply into an 110 VAC outlet. The display should read "0000" within ten seconds when the monitor is
supplied with uncontaminated air.
3.1 Operational Menu
The operational menu flow diagram is shown in Figure 3. This menu is accessed with the OPTION pushbutton
switch, the left hand switch as viewed from the front of the instrument. Successive displays are achieved by
repeatedly pushing the OPTION switch, as indicated by "O" in the menu flow diagram. The alarm acknowledgement
function, and displays and function in the "see DATA" area, are accessed with SELECT pushbutton, indicated by "S"
in the menu flow diagram.
Operational
Display
XXXX
O
Batt=OK*
O
Alm=XXXX
O
O
go Setup
O
*may also be
“low” or “LOW”
S
O = OPTION Switch
S = SELECT Switch
S
S
S
S
Acknowledge
Alarm
No
Function
No
Function
Max=XXXXSee DATA
Min=XXXX
S
O
S
O
No
Function
No
Function
Maintenance
Menu Key
See Figure 4
Maintenance Section 4.0
Figure 3: Operation Menu Diagram
5
Clr DATA
O
XX YY °C
O
S
S
Reset
Data
No
Function
ENMET Corporation SPECTRUM RAL
3.2 Gas Concentration Display and Alarms
The LCD furnishes a numerical display of CO concentration from 0000 to 100 PPM. If the CO concentration exceeds
100 ppm, the display reads "100+." When the concentration of CO exceeds the preset alarm point, the audio and
visual alarms are activated. The gas concentration continues to be displayed during alarm. The alarm point is
adjustable between 5 and 100 ppm CO by accessing the maintenance menu; the factory setting of the alarm point is 10
ppm CO, the value recognized by OSHA as the acceptable exposure limit for compressed air lines. A user should have
a justifiable application-based reason for setting the alarm point higher than 10 PPM. When the CO concentration
drops below the alarm point, the audio and visual alarms cease operation. The alarm point setting can be observed on
the display by pushing the OPTION switch twice.
If an alarm concentration is encountered when the display is at a location in the operational menu other than the
concentration numerical display, the audio and visual alarms are activated and the alarm cannot be acknowledged.
If the display is left idle at a location other than the concentration numerical display for 45 seconds it automatically
transfers to the concentration numerical display.
3.3 Alarm Acknowledge
When the instrument is in alarm, and the CO concentration is below 50 PPM, the alarm can be acknowledged by
pressing and releasing the SELECT pushbutton, but only when the instrument is in the numerical concentration
location of the operational menu. The acknowledgement causes the temporary cessation of the audio alarm; the red
LED continues to be ON. The audio alarm is OFF for a period of four minutes, after which it is reactivated, if the gas
concentration is still above the alarm point. The alarm can again be acknowledged. However, acknowledgement of
the alarm at gas concentrations above 50 PPM, does not result in audio alarm cessation, and if the gas concentration
rises above 50 PPM during an alarm condition which has been acknowledged, the audio alarm resumes operation.
3.4 Data
The SPECTRUM-RAL monitor retains the maximum and minimum gas concentration values encountered since turnon, or since the data was cleared and reset. There is a one minute delay from the time the instrument is turned on until
when it starts storing the information. To access this press the OPTION switch three times; "see DATA" is displayed.
Press the SELECT switch; the maximum concentration since turn-on or last reset is displayed. Press the OPTION
switch again; the minimum concentration since turn-on or last reset is displayed. Press the OPTION switch again;
"clr DATA" is displayed. Pushing the SELECT switch clears the data and resets it to the current concentration.
Pushing the OPTION switch once more results in a display of both the countdown to the confidence beep and the
internal temperature of the instrument in degrees centigrade. Push the OPTION switch three more times to return to
the gas concentration numerical display.
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SPECTRUM RAL ENMET Corporation
3.5 Interference Gases
Some gases other than CO cause a sensor response, and thus are termed "interference gases".
Known interference gases are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Known Interference Gases
Gas Concentration in PPM Reading in ppm
Hydrogen 1,000 100+
Nitric oxide 100 25
Table 3 shows levels of gases that are known to cause no sensor response.
Table 3: Known gases with no response
Gas Concentration
Ammonia 100 ppm
Carbon dioxide 5,000 ppm
Chlorine 5 ppm
Ethylene
Gasoline vapor
Hydrogen cyanide 10 ppm
Hydrogen sulfide
Isopropanol
Methane 10,000 ppm
Nitrogen dioxide
Sulfur dioxide
*
For indicated gases or vapors, prolonged exposure may reduce the efficiency of the sensor filter.
*
*
*
*
*
*
2 %
saturated
10 ppm
1,025 ppm
10 ppm
10 ppm
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ENMET Corporation SPECTRUM RAL
INVALID
z30:0.0v
run CAL
To Exit
new=XXXX
To Exit
To Exit
4.0 Maintenance4.0 Maintenance
4.1 Maintenance Menu
From the gas concentration numerical display, push the OPTION button four times; "go SETUP" is displayed. This is
the entrance to the maintenance menu. The maintenance menu flow diagram is shown in Figure 4.
To Operational
Display
go SETUP
S
Key=0000
VALID
run ZERO
From Operational Display
O
S
S
O
S
O
Changes digit indicated by underscore cursor
Locks underscored digit and moves cursor
AIR SET ?
S
AIR SET ?
S
z30:0.0v No Function
GAS=XXXX
S
GAS SET?
S
XXX:Y.Yv
O
VALID
INVALID
O
O or S
O
O
VALID
INVALID
To Exit
To Operational Display
C-FAULT
No Function
To Exit
To Operational Display
O = OPTION Switch
S = SELECT Switch
C-FAULT
INVALID
set ALM
O
set KEY
O
O
Exit
S
S
S
ALM=0000
KEY=0000
new=XXXX
To Operational Display
O
Changes digit indicated by underscore cursor
Locks underscored digit and moves cursor
S
O or S
O
Changes digit indicated by underscore cursor
Locks underscored digit and moves cursor
S
O or S
To Exit
Figure 4: Maintenance Menu Diagram
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SPECTRUM RAL ENMET Corporation
4.2 Key
Entrance to the maintenance menu is guarded with a four digit numerical key. The factory default setting of the key is
1270. When the valid numerical key is inserted, the user is allowed to enter the maintenance menu.
When in the "go SETUP" location, press the SELECT pushbutton; "Key=0000" is displayed. The underscore cursor
is under the left hand digit. To insert the key, press the OPTION pushbutton to index the left hand digit, and choose
the correct digit; then press the SELECT pushbutton, which locks in the chosen left hand digit and moves the
underscore cursor one space to the right. Continue this process until the four digit key is complete. When the valid
key is inserted in this manner, the display is transferred to the "run ZERO" portion of the maintenance menu. When an
invalid key is inserted, "INVALID" is briefly displayed, and the instrument returns to the operations menu.
The process that a different key is set is given in section 4.6.
4.3 Zero
A valid key entry sets the instrument at the "run ZERO" location, of the maintenance menu, which enables the setting
of the zero gas concentration point. This is desirable if the zero reference of the gas sensor has drifted over a period of
time, indicated by a persistent gas concentration reading in a clean environment. Note that the calibration sequence
given below also includes setting the zero point. If a full calibration is required, instead of setting just the zero point,
push the OPTION button once; "run CAL" is displayed. See section 4.4.
To set the zero point without performing full calibration, from the "run ZERO" location press the SELECT button;
"AIR SET?" is displayed. Be certain that the instrument is supplied with clean air, uncontaminated by carbon
monoxide. If uncertain of the environment, use pure compressed air from a pressurized cylinder, and flow it over the
sensor at a flow rate of 1 SCFH.
With the instrument in zero air, press the SELECT button again. "ZERO=30" is displayed; this is a counter that
counts down in seconds from 30 to 0. The validity of the new zero setting is then examined; if it is reasonable, the
display is transferred to the concentration numerical display in the operations menu.
If the new zero setting is not between reasonable parameters, "C-FAULT" is displayed. Turn the instrument OFF, the
ON again. This re-boots the system with the most recent valid zero setting.
4.4 Calibration
NOTE: Calibration should be performed at normal room temperature (20-25°C) for optimal performance. If the
instrument is exposed to temperature extremes just prior to calibration, it should be allowed to stabilize to
room temperature. The internal temperature of the instrument can be verified by cycling through the "see
DATA" menu.
In order to calibrate the instrument, it is first zeroed as described above. Then the sensor is exposed to a known
concentration of the target gas, in air or an inert gas such as nitrogen, called the "span gas". After an appropriate
interval, which is timed, the new span setting is examined for validity.
A valid key entry sets the instrument at the "run ZERO" location of the maintenance menu. Press the OPTION
pushbutton once to access the "run CAL" display, then press the SELECT pushbutton; "AIR SET" is displayed. Zero
the instrument as described in section 4.3. When the zero timer is complete, the display indicates "SPAN=XXX",
where the numbers indicate the correct span gas concentration for the instrument. The span gas value for this
instrument is 20 PPM CO.
Assure that the correct span gas is available, connect the calibration adapter to the cylinder, then press the SELECT
button; "GAS SET" is displayed. Unplug the regulator-flowmeter assembly from the airline, connect it to the
calibration adapter and set the flow at 1.0 SCFH . Then press the SELECT button; "XXX:0.Yv" is displayed. The
XXX is a counter which counts down in seconds to zero from 120 to provide the proper time interval for calibration.
The 0.Yv indicates a sensor signal which is used during the sensor replacement procedure. When the timer reaches
zero, the new calibration and zero gas settings are examined for validity. If the values are reasonable, the display is
transferred to the gas concentration numerical display in the operations menu. Return the regulator-flowmeter
assembly to the airline.
If the new zero and calibration settings are not reasonable, "C-FAULT" is displayed. Turn the instrument OFF, then
ON again. This re-boots the system with the most recent valid zero and calibration settings.
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ENMET Corporation SPECTRUM RAL
Sensor
4.5 Changing the Alarm Level
A valid key entry sets the instrument at the "run ZERO" location of the maintenance menu. Press the OPTION push
button twice to access the "set ALM" display, then press the SELECT button; ALM=0000" is displayed. This is
called the alarm update window, and the value displayed is the present alarm setpoint. The underscore cursor is under
the far left digit. Press the OPTION button to index the underscored digit; press the SELECT button to index the
underscore cursor one position to the right. When the desired new alarm point is set, press either the OPTION or
SELECT button to return to the alarm update window. If the new alarm setting is valid, "set ALM" is again
displayed. Press the OPTION button four times to return to the operations menu.
For the safety of the user, there is an upper limit past which the alarm setting is invalid, and the instrument does not
accept it. If an invalid alarm setting is attempted, after the numerical value is inserted in the "ALM=0000" window,
pressing the OPTION or SELECT button results in a momentary display of "INVALID" after which the display
returns to the alarm update window. Exiting the alarm update window at this point results in an alarm point setting
unchanged from the value present when the procedure was begun.
For the SPECTRUM-RAL , the factory default alarm setpoint is 10 PPM, and the upper alarm limit is 50 PPM.
4.6 Setting a New Key
A valid key entry sets the instrument at the "run ZERO" location of the maintenance menu. Press the OPTION button
four times to access the "set KEY" display. Press the SELECT pushbutton once; "KEY=0000 is displayed. A new
key can be set by indexing the underscored number with the OPTION button and indexing the underscore cursor with
the SELECT button. Four digit key numbers should be selected carefully and recorded. Without the correct key, the
maintenance menu cannot be accessed. If a four digit key number is lost, call ENMET customer service personnel.
4.7 Changing Components
Changing the sensor requires that the front of the instrument be removed; remove the four phillips head cover retaining
screws, and then the cover.
A sensor must be replaced when it no longer responds adequately to the target gas. This is indicated by a low gas
concentration reading when exposed to a known concentration of the target gas, and the inability to calibrate the
instrument, with a "C-FAULT" display after calibration. The expected sensor lifetime in normal environments is one
to two years.
CAUTION: New sensors come with a shorting clip that must be removed
for proper operation.
Remove the front cover of the instrument enclosure. Unplug the sensor
from the circuit board. Remove the shorting clip from the new sensor
and plug it in place. Allow the sensor to stabilize in the instrument with
the power on for one hour before recalibrating.
Bottom View
Figure 5: Remove Shorting Clip
The initial calibration of a new sensor must be performed with the front cover of the enclosure removed. A calibration
cup is provided with the calibration kit. Follow the procedure for calibrating the instrument as outlined in Section 4.4
of this manual with the following modification.
NOTE: During this procedure make sure the RED calibration cup, 02552-008, stays centered over the sensor.
During the application of the span gas, the counter counts down from 120. When the counter gets down to 30,
adjust the potentiometer next to the display module on the instrument PC board, so that the display to the right
of the counter reads 0.65v. This is a one-time adjustment to align the sensor output with the instrument
electronics. It should only be performed upon sensor replacement. All future calibrations should follow the
procedure in Section 4.4.
Replace the front cover on the instrument enclosure. Calibrate the instrument according to the procedure in section 4.4.
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SPECTRUM RAL ENMET Corporation
5.0 Replacement Part Numbers5.0 Replacement Part Numbers
ENMET replacement part numbers:
Description Part Number
Calibration Kit 03412-001
Calibration Cup 02552-008
Calibration Gas, 20 ppm CO 03219-020
Zero Gas, 20.9 % Oxygen 03296-209
Replacement CO Sensor
for instrument S/N 43-8099 and below
Replacement CO Sensor
for instrument S/N 43-8100 and above
Display Assembly 62022-001
PC Board Assembly 05215-002
Relay 60004-000
Power Supply 67052-004
67020-1200
67016-1204
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ENMET Corporation SPECTRUM RAL
6.0 WARRANTY6.0 WARRANTY
ENMET warrants new instruments to be free from defects in workmanship and material under normal use for a period
of one year from date of shipment from ENMET. The warranty covers both parts and labor excluding instrument
calibration and expendable parts such as calibration gas, filters, batteries, etc... Equipment believed to be defective
should be returned to ENMET within the warranty period (transportation prepaid) for inspection. If the evaluation by
ENMET confirms that the product is defective, it will be repaired or replaced at no charge, within the stated
limitations, and returned prepaid to any location in the United States by the most economical means, e.g. Surface
UPS/RPS. If an expedient means of transportation is requested during the warranty period, the customer is responsible
for the difference between the most economical means and the expedient mode. ENMET shall not be liable for any
loss or damage caused by the improper use of the product. The purchaser indemnifies and saves harmless the
company with respect to any loss or damages that may arise through the use by the purchaser or others of this
equipment.
This warranty is expressly given in lieu of all other warranties, either expressed or implied, including that of
merchantability, and all other obligations or liabilities of ENMET which may arise in connection with this equipment.
ENMET neither assumes nor authorizes any representative or other person to assume for it any obligation or liability
other than that which is set forth herein.
NOTE: When returning an instrument to the factory for service:
• Be sure to include paperwork.
• A purchase order, return address and telephone number will assist in the expedient repair and return of your unit.
• Include any specific instructions.
• For warranty service, include date of purchase
• If you require an estimate, please contact ENMET Corporation.
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SPECTRUM RAL ENMET Corporation
Appendix AAppendix A
The Characteristics and Effects of Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide is a colorless odorless toxic gas generated by incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel in air. It
may be present where internal combustion engines, furnaces, boilers, and other combustion devices are present. It is
toxic when inhaled because of its great affinity to hemoglobin, the oxygen carriers in the red cells of the blood. CO
replaces the oxygen normally carried by the hemoglobin, and thus inhibits the delivery of oxygen throughout the body;
the victim suffers from oxygen deficiency, and may die from asphyxiation. The symptoms and degree of danger
resulting from exposure to CO depend upon the concentration of the gas and the length of exposure; this is shown in
Figure 6. The ENMET SPECTRUM-RAL carbon monoxide monitor is employed to warn the user of the presence of
CO, and to facilitate the assessment of the degree of danger that he or she is exposed to.
Based upon knowledge of the effects of CO, the Occupational Safety and Health Authority (OSHA) has set limits on
exposure to CO in the workplace. For ambient air conditions, these are 35 PPM (parts CO per million parts air) as an
time weighted average for an eight hour day, and a maximum exposure of 200 PPM. For compressed air line
applications, 10 PPM is the maximum acceptable limit. The SPECTRUM-RAL monitor is shipped with the adjustable
alarm set at 10 PPM; this alarm cannot be adjusted above 50 PPM.
The curves below are for percent carboxalhemoglobin with 50% being the top curve, 5% the bottom. %COHb is a
measure of the amount of hemoglobin occupied by CO rather than oxygen. CO effects upon children, adults engaging
in physical activity, and smokers, are more pronounced.
Figure 6: % COHb vs Time
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