Page 1
FUNCTION GENERATOR KIT
MODEL SM-9600K
Elenco®Electronics, Inc.
Copyright © 2006, 1992 by Elenco®Electronics, Inc. All rights reserved. Revised 2006 REV-C 753602
No part of this book shall be reproduced by any means; electronic, photocopying, or otherwise without written permission from the publisher.
Assembly Manual
Page 2
PARTS LIST
If you are a student, and any parts are missing or damaged, please see instructor or bookstore.
If you purchased this SM-9600K Function Generator Kit from a distributor, catalog, etc., please contact Elenco
Electronics (address/phone/e-mail is at the back of this manual) for additional assistance, if needed.
RESISTORS
Qty. Symbol Value Part #
1 VR1 1kΩ Potentiometer 191511
1 VR2 50kΩ Potentiometer 191551
3 R12, R13, R14 0Ω 5% 1/8W (000) 196101
1 R5 200Ω 5% 1/8W (201) 196320
1 R9 620Ω 5% 1/8W (621) 196362
1 R10 820Ω 5% 1/8W (821) 196382
1 R11 1kΩ 5% 1/8W (102) 196414
1 R8 2.7kΩ 5% 1/8W (272) 196427
1 VR3 1kΩ Potentiometer 196430
1 R1 4.7kΩ 5% 1/8W (472) 196444
2 R6, R7 12kΩ 5% 1/8W (123) 196516
2 R2, R4 22kΩ 5% 1/8W (223) 196522
1 R3 39kΩ 5% 1/8W (393) 196539
1 VR4 500kΩ Potentiometer 196630
®
CAPACITORS
Qty. Symbol Value Part #
1 C1 820pF 10% 228297
3 C2, C9, C10 .01µF 10% 241095
2 C3, C7 .1µF 10% 250195
2 C4, C8 1µF 20% 260127
1 C5 10µF 20% 271024
1 C6 100µF 20% 281023
SEMICONDUCTORS
Qty. Symbol Value Part #
1 IC1 XR-2206 IC 332206SM
MISCELLANEOUS
Qty. Description Part #
1 PC Board 511001
30” Solder 551133
2 Flat Washer #8 645008
2 Fiber Washer 645102
8 Bredblox Clip 665550
1 Contact Plate 666505
1 Bredblox Switch Knob 666506
1 Detent Wheel 666507
2 Bredblox Pot Knob 666509
1 Bredblox Spring 666511
1 Case Assembly 666517
1 Label 721004
1 Vaseline 785001
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SPECIFICATIONS
Input Voltages
+5V
5V
GND Note: Both positive and negative supplies should be of equal magnitude for best linearity.
Main Generator
Sine Wave
Frequency range 1Hz to 1MHz
Sine wave output max. 2Vpp
Sine wave distortion 1Hz to 10kHz 1% max.
10kHz to 1MHz 2% typical
Output impedance 600Ω
Sawtooth Waveform
Frequency range 1Hz to 1MHz
Sawtooth output max. 4Vpp
Output impedance 600Ω
Amplitude Variation
1Hz to 100kHz 0.1dB max.
100Hz to 1MHz 4dB max.
DC Offset (variable)
+1V to –1V minimum
+1.5V to –1.5V typical
Note: DC offset plus signal cannot exceed maximum peak voltage or clipping will occur.
Square Wave TTL
Frequency range 1Hz to 1MHz
Square wave output 5Vpp
Output impedance 600Ω
Rise time 250nsec
Fall time 50nsec
Capable of driving 1 TTL load
Square Wave
Frequency range 1Hz to 1MHz
Square wave output –5V to +5V
Output impedance 600Ω
Rise time 250nsec.
Fall time 50nsec.
AM Modulation
Input impedance 200kΩ
Mod. index @ 100kHz 0.1 @ 0.1Vpp
0.5 @ 0.6Vpp
0.8 @ 1.6Vpp
Modulation index is independent of amplitude setting.
FM Modulation
Input impedance 200kΩ
Modulation index See frequency response graph, Figure 1
Sweep linearity 2%
FM distortion 0.1% @ +
10% deviation
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ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS
INTRODUCTION
Assembly of your SM-9600K Function Generator Kit
will prove to be an exciting project and give much
satisfaction and personal achievement. If you have
experience in soldering and wiring technique, you
should have no problem with the assembly of this kit.
Care must be given to identifying the proper
components and in good soldering habits. Above all,
take your time and follow the easy step-by-step
instructions. Remember, “an ounce of prevention is
worth a pound of cure”. Avoid making mistakes and
no problems will occur.
PARTS VERIFICATION
Before beginning the assembly process, familiarize
yourself with the components and this instruction
book. Verify that all parts are present. This is best
done by checking off each item against the parts list.
Care must be taken when handling the chip resistors
and capacitors. They are very small and are easily
lost. Chip resistors are marked with their component
value. The first two digits are the first two digits of the
resistance in ohms. The last digit gives the number
of zeros following the first two digits. The resistor
shown below is therefore 3,900Ω.
SAFETY PROCEDURES
• Wear eye protection when soldering.
•
Locate soldering iron in an area where you do not
have to go around it or reach over it.
• Do not hold solder in your mouth. Solder
contains lead and is a toxic substance. Wash your
hands thoroughly after handling solder.
• Be sure that there is adequate ventilation present.
SOLDERING TIPS
The most important factor in assembling your new
SM-9600K Function Generator Kit is good soldering
techniques. Using the proper soldering iron is of
prime importance. A small pencil type iron of 10-15
watts is recommended. A sharply pointed tip is
essential when soldering surface mount
components. The tip of the iron should be kept clean
and well-tinned at all times. Many areas on the
printed circuit board are close together and care
must be given not to form solder shorts. Solder
shorts may occur if you accidentally touch an
adjacent foil, particularly a previously soldered
connection, using too much solder, or dragging the
iron across adjacent foils. If a solder short occurs,
remove it with your hot iron. Use only rosin core
solder of 63/37 or 60/40 alloy.
The values of the chip capacitors are not marked
on the component. To avoid mixing these parts
up, they should not be taken out of their
packages until just before they are soldered to
the PC board. The 0.01µF capacitors are packaged
three to a pack, as shown below. The 0.1µF
capacitors are in similar packaging with two to a
pack. The 820pF capacitor is the unmarked
component packaged one to a pack.
Before soldering, the SM-9600K board should be
taped to the workbench to keep it from moving when
touched with the soldering iron. For a good soldering
job, the areas being soldered must be heated
sufficiently so that the solder flows freely. When
soldering surface mount resistors and capacitors, the
following procedure may be used:
1. Using tweezers, place the surface mount
component on the PC board pads and secure in
place with tape.
2. Apply a small amount of solder to the soldering
iron tip. This allows the heat to leave the iron and
flow onto the foil.
3. Place the iron in contact with the PC board foil.
Apply a small amount of solder simultaneously to
the foil and the component and allow them to
melt the solder.
4. Remove the iron and allow the solder to cool.
The solder should have flowed freely and not
lump up around the component.
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Page 5
. Remove the tape and solder the other side of the
5
component.
When soldering the 2206 IC and the small surface
mount potentiometers, the following procedure may
be used:
1. Place the component on the PC board pads and
secure in place with tape.
fter a component is completely soldered, each
A
solder joint should be inspected with a magnifying
glass. If the solder has not flowed smoothly, a bad
solder joint is indicated. This occurs when the
component and pad have not been heated
sufficiently. To correct, reheat the connection and if
necessary, add a small amount of additional solder.
Another way to solder surface mount components is
as follows:
1. Apply a small amount of solder to the soldering
iron tip.
2. Using tweezers, hold the component on the PC
board pads.
3. Apply the soldering iron simultaneously to the
component and pad and allow the solder to flow
around the component.
4. Remove the soldering iron and allow the
connection to cool.
2. Apply a small amount of solder to the soldering
iron tip.
3. Place the soldering iron tip on top of the
component lead to be soldered and apply solder
simultaneously to the lead and the PC board foil.
4. Remove the iron and allow the solder to cool.
The solder should have flowed freely and not
lump up around the component.
5. Have and solder bridges formed? A solder
bridge may occur if you accidentally touch an
adjacent IC pin by using too much solder, or by
dragging the soldering iron across adjacent IC
pins. Break the bridge with your soldering iron.
Solder
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ASSEMBLY COMPONENTS
Be sure to read the section on soldering tips. Then follow the step-by-step instructions below. As each step is
completed, place a check mark in the box next to the instruction.
Solder Resistors onto PC Board
R2 - 22kΩ Resistor
(223)
R1 - 4.7kΩ Resistor
(472)
R1
R6 - 12kΩ Resistor
R7 - 12kΩ Resistor
(123)
R2
R7
R5 - 200Ω Resistor
(201)
R12 - 0Ω Resistor
(000)
R6
R5 R12
R3
R14
R4
R14 - 0Ω Resistor
R13 - 0Ω Resistor
(000)
R8 - 2.7kΩ Resistor
(272)
R9 - 620Ω Resistor
(621)
R8
R13
R10
R9
R10 - 820Ω Resistor
(821)
R11
R4 - 22kΩ Resistor
(223)
R3 - 39kΩ Resistor
(393)
R11 - 1kΩ Resistor
(102)
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Solder Capacitors onto PC Board
C7 - 0.1µF Capacitor
C3 - 0.1µF Capacitor
(Packaged 2 to a pack)
C1 - 820pF Capacitor
(Packaged 1 to a pack)
C2 C1
C3
C2 - 0.01µF Capacitor
C9 - 0.01µF Capacitor
C10 - 0.01µF Capacitor
(Packaged 3 to a pack)
C8 - 0.1µF Lytic
(see Figure A)
+–
C8
+
C4
–
C5 - 10µF Lytic
(see Figure A)
C4 - 1µF Lytic
(see Figure A)
C6 - 100µF Lytic
(see Figure A)
+
C5
–
C7
+
C6
–
C10
C9
Figure A
Polarity mark
(+)
Soldering tab
(–)
Soldering tab
Lytic capacitors have polarity. Be sure
that the polarity mark is positioned as
shown in the PC board drawing.
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Solder the IC and Potentiometers
VR1 - 10kΩ Pot
(see Figure B)
IC1 - 2206 IC
Pin 1 is marked with a dot.
Mount the IC with pin 1 as
shown in the PC board
drawing. See the IC soldering
tips in the middle of page 4.
Dot
VR4 - 500kΩ Pot
(504)
1
VR3 - 1kΩ Pot
(102)
VR2 - 50kΩ Pot
(see Figure B)
1
VR3
IC1
VR1 VR2
1) Bend the three pot leads
as shown below
2) To center the pots, insert a pot knob
through the PC board hole. Then, mount
a fiber washer and the pot, as shown in
the drawing. Be sure the pot is flush with
the fiber washer before soldering the
three pot lugs to the PC board.
SIDE VIEW
Circuit side of
PC board
Temporarily insert knob.
Remove after all three
pot lugs are soldered to
the PC board.
VR4
Pot
Fiber Washer
Pot Knob
Figure B
If the pot is equipped with
a thumbwheel, remove it
by inserting a screwdriver
blade between the
thumbwheel and the pot,
twist until the thumbwheel
snaps off.
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FINAL ASSEMBLY
Insert the eight Bredblox clips into the case. Be sure the clips do
ot overlap the clip separators and that the end clips touch the
n
separators as shown in Figure C. The clips should be level with the
clip separators.
Figure C
Clip
Clips
Contact
points facing
PC board
Figure D
Switch Knob
Detent Wheel
Spring
Contact Plate
Separators
Leave gap on ends
Assemble the switch components as shown in
Figure D. BE SURE THE THREE POINTED
CONTACTS ON THE CONTACT PLATE ARE
FACING THE PC BOARD. Insert the tip of the
switch knob into the PC board switch hole and tap
in with a small hammer or other suitable tool. If the
switch assembly does not remain in place, turn the
board over and lightly touch the point of your
soldering iron to the tip of the switch knob as shown
in Figure E. This will melt and spread the plastic
enough to hold the assembly in place.
PC Board
Figure E
Iron
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Place the pot knobs and metal spacers on the pots as
shown in Figure F.
Put the range switch in the 1K position as shown in
Figure G. This will ensure that the switch is aligned
properly with the switch stops on the Bredblox case.
Smear the teeth of the detent wheel with Vaseline so
the switch knob will turn easily when mounted in the
case. Do not let the Vaseline touch the contact plate.
Figure F
Pot Knobs
Metal
Spacers
Switch contact
plate in 1K
position (on
third pad
clockwise)
Pots
PC Board
Place the case over the pot and switch
knobs. Be sure the switch knob is in the
hole marked RANGE and snap the PC
board in place. Insert a needle or pin from
the front of the case into the Bredblox clip
holes and push the clips down to be sure
they make contact with the PC board. If
the clips do not stay in contact with the PC
board when the pin is removed, leave it in
until the clips are soldered in the next step.
Solder the eight clips in place. Apply a
small amount of solder to your soldering
iron. Place the iron through the PC board
hole in contact with the clip, see Figure H.
Apply solder to the clip and allow the clip
to melt the solder. Use about one inch of
solder. This will allow the solder to bind the
clip to the PC board. After soldering, leave
the iron in contact with the clip for a few
seconds and then remove.
Solder
Figure G
Iron
Clip must make contact with the
PC board before soldering
Figure H
Turn all three knobs fully counter-clockwise.
Cut three small wedges from the white label
and stick them on the top of the knobs. As
shown in Figure I, the wedges should point
to the 10 on the RANGE scale and to the
minimum markers on the FREQUENCY
and AMPLITUDE scales.
Figure I
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FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The heart of the SM-9600K Function Generator is
the XR2206 integrated circuit. As shown on the
schematic diagram, the 2206 is comprised of four
functional blocks: a voltage controlled oscillator
(VCO), an analog multiplier and sine-shaper, a unity
gain buffer amplifier, and a set of current switches.
The FSK input (pin 9) selects one of two possible
timing resistors (pins 7 and 8). Since the SM-9600K
uses only one timing resistor pin, the FSK input is not
used.
CONTROLS
RANGE SWITCH
Six fixed decades of frequency are provided by the
range switch as shown in Table 1.
Position Typical Frequency Range
10 0.9Hz - 12Hz
100 9Hz - 120Hz
1k 90Hz - 1.2kHz
10k 900Hz - 12kHz
100k 9kHz - 120kHz
1M 100kHz - 1MHz
Table 1
FREQUENCY MULTIPLIER
The multiplier is a variable control allowing frequency
settings between fixed ranges. The dynamic range of
the multiplier dial is 10 to 1. For example, when in
the 10kHz position, frequency settings between
1kHz and 10kHz are possible by adjusting this
control.
AMPLITUDE CONTROL
The amplitude control provides amplitude adjustment
from 0 to 2 volts in sine wave and 0 to 4 volts in
sawtooth waveform.
DC OFFSET
A DC offset control is provided to allow the DC level
of the output waveforms (sine, saw) to be adjusted.
Note, the amount of offset plus the amplitude setting
cannot exceed the maximum peak amplitude or
clipping will occur.
This control allows the switching from a sine wave to
a sawtooth wave by simply rotating the control.
Rotating the control fully clockwise gives a
sine wave. Rotating fully counterclockwise gives a
sawtooth waveform.
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INPUT/OUTPUT
+5, –5, GND Inputs
These inputs designate where the proper power
connections are to be connected.
AM INPUT
By applying a signal to this input, the output will be
amplitude modulated. A modulation index of 90%
can be obtained with an input signal of 2Vpp. The
Elenco
each other.
®
Generator Blocks may be used to modulate
UTPUT
O
This output provides a sine wave or triangular wave
depending on the setting of the control.
OUTPUT
This output provides a square wave from –5 to +5
volts.
OUTPUT
This output provides a TTL level square wave from 0
to 5 volts capable of driving one TTL load.
FM INPUT
By applying a voltage at this input, the frequency will
be changed as shown in the frequency response
graph (Figure 1). A sweep generator may be
obtained by applying a waveform at this point. The
amount of frequency change can be obtained from
the graph. For example, if a sweep of 40kHz with a
center frequency of 75kHz is desired, set the
frequency control for a 75kHz output and apply a
waveform at the FM input with a voltage of 4Vpp.
–4
–3
–2
–1
0
1
2
Voltage - FM Input
3
4
5
10
20
40
30
50
Frequency - kHz
60
70
80 90
100
110
Figure 1
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TESTING THE SM-9600K FUNCTION GENERATOR
The unit may be tested by following the five steps
listed below. Should any of these tests fail, refer to
the troubleshooting guide.
1) Connect +5, –5, and GND to the Bredblox
connectors.
Set the switch and pots as follows:
RANGE 1k
FREQUENCY Maximum (clockwise)
AMPLITUDE Maximum (clockwise)
SINE/SAW SINE (clockwise)
DC OFFSET CENTER (midway between
clockwise and counterclockwise)
In each of the following steps, start with the switch
and pots set as above.
2) OUTPUT WAVEFORMS
Connect an oscilloscope to the output. You should
see a GND to +5V square wave of a little over 1kHz.
Connect the oscilloscope to the output. You
should see a +5V to –5V square wave of the same
frequency. Connect the oscilloscope to the
SINE/SAW output. You should see a sine wave of
approximately 2Vpp. Turn the SINE/SAW pot fully
counterclockwise. You should see a sawtooth
waveform of approximately 4Vpp. Reset the
SINE/SAW pot fully clockwise to the SINE position.
3) FREQUENCY CONTROLS
Set the switch and pots as in Step 1. Connect the
oscilloscope to the output. For each of the six
range settings, vary the FREQUENCY pot from max.
to min. and check that the frequency varies
according to Table 1.
Reset the RANGE switch to 1K and adjust the
FREQUENCY pot to obtain a frequency of
approximately 800Hz (1.25mS period). Connect a
1kΩ resistor between GND and the FM input. The
frequency should drop to approximately 625Hz
(1.6mS period).
4) AMPLITUDE CONTROLS
Set the switch and pots as in Step 1. Connect the
oscilloscope to the SINE/SAW output and vary the
AMPLITUDE pot. The sine wave amplitude should
vary from near zero to approximately 2Vpp. With the
AMPLITUDE pot at max., connect a 1kΩ resistor
between GND and the AM input. The sine wave
amplitude should drop to approximately 0.5Vpp.
5) DC OFFSET
Set the switch and pots as in Step 1. Connect the
oscilloscope to the SINE/SAW output. Vary the DC
OFFSET pot from fully clockwise to fully
counterclockwise and note that the DC level of the
sine wave varies approximately + and –1V.
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TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
A) NO OUTPUTS
1) Check soldering on IC1.
2) Check for +5V on IC1 pin 4, and –5V on pin 12.
3) Check that IC1 is not installed backwards.
4) Check that the switch contact plate is not
upside down and is making contact with the
center ring and one of the capacitor contacts.
5) Check the value and the soldering on the
FREQUENCY pot VR1.
6) Check R9.
7) Check C8, it may be in backwards.
B) NO SINE/SAW OUTPUT
1) Check soldering on IC1.
2) Check R1 through R5.
D) NO DC OFFSET
1) Check R3, R4, and VR4.
2) Check that the AMPLITUDE pot is not set to
minimum. The DC offset does not work at
minimum amplitude.
E) NO OUTPUT OR WRONG FREQUENCY
ON 1 OR 2 RANGE SETTINGS
1) Check that the RANGE switch is making good
contact.
2) Check that C4, C5 and C6 are the right values
and are not in backwards.
3) Measure the bad frequency range.
If it corresponds to a different range listed in
Table 1, this indicates a wrong value capacitor
in the bad range position.
3) Check the value and the soldering on VR2 and
VR3.
C) NO or OUTPUT
1) Check soldering on IC1.
2) Check R10 and R11.
F) DOES NOT FM MODULATE
1) Check R8 and R9.
2) Check VR1.
G) DOES NOT AM MODULATE
1) Check R1 and R2.
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Page 15
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
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Page 16
Elenco®Electronics, Inc.
150 Carpenter Avenue
Wheeling, IL 60090
(847) 541-3800
Web site: www.elenco.com
e-mail: elenco@elenco.com
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