Elcometer 207 • 207DL
Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge
Operating Instructions
English
English
The Elcometer 207 and 207DL Ultrasonic Thickness Gauges have been tested in accordance
with EU regulations governing Electro-magnetic compliance and they meet the required
directives.
is a registered trademark of Elcometer Instruments Ltd.
All other trademarks acknowledged.
© Copyright Elcometer Instruments Ltd. 2007.
All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored (in a retrieval
system or otherwise) or translated into any language, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical,
magnetic, optical, manual or otherwise) without the prior written permission of Elcometer Instruments Ltd.
A copy of this Instruction Manual is available for download on our Website via www.elcometer.com/
downloads.
Doc.No. TMA-0250 Issue 04
Text with Cover No: 16524
CONTENTS
Section Page
1 About your gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Quick-start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 Getting started. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 Taking a reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6 Set-up options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7 Transferring readings to a computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
8 Using the data logger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
9 Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
10 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
11 Related equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
12 Technical specification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
13 Spares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
14 Warranty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
15 Transducers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
16 Condition and preparation of surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
17 Application notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
18 Data transfer software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
19 Sound velocities of common materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
1
Thank you for purchasing this Elcometer 207/207DL Precision Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge.
Welcome to Elcometer.
Elcometer are world leaders in the design, manufacture and supply of coatings inspection equipment. Our
products cover all aspects of coating inspection, from development through application to post application
inspection.
The Elcometer 207/207DL Precision Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge are world beating products. With the
purchase of this gauge you now have access to the worldwide service and support network of Elcometer.
For more information visit our website at www.elcometer.com.
1 ABOUT YOUR GAUGE
The Elcometer 207/207DL Precision Ultrasonic Thickness Gauges are handheld gauges for fast and
accurate measurement of the thickness of thin materials.
Your gauge is capable of measuring the thickness of various materials with accuracy as high as ± 0.002 mm
(± 0.0001"). The principal advantage of ultrasonic measurement over traditional methods is that ultrasonic
measurements can be performed with access to only one side of the material being measured.
Your gauge is also capable of measuring the thickness of plastics.
There are two versions of the gauge:
• The Elcometer 207 is the basic model.
• The Elcometer 207DL model includes all the features of the Elcometer 207 model plus a data-logging
(memory) facility which allows readings to be stored in batches before being downloaded to a
computer.
This manual describes the operation of both models - Elcometer 207 and 207DL.
2
1.1 WHAT THIS BOX CONTAINS
• Elcometer 207 or 207DL Gauge
• Bottle of couplant
• Battery, 2 x
• Carrying case
• Operating instructions
• CD with data transfer and data collection software (DL version only)
• Data transfer cable
• 15MHz, 6mm (1/4”) microdot right angle transducer
Your gauge is packed in a cardboard and foam package. Please ensure that this packaging is disposed of
in an environmentally sensitive manner. Please consult your Local Environmental Authority for further
guidance.
To maximise the benefits of your new Elcometer Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge, please take some
time to read these Operating Instructions. Do not hesitate to contact Elcometer or your Elcometer
supplier if you have any questions.
1.2 FEATURES OF THE GAUGE
CHO-TO-ECHO MODE
E
NTERFACE-TO-ECHO MODE
I
: Allows measurement of coated materials without having to remove the coating.
: The gauge switches to this mode automatically when measuring thicker
materials and plastic.
LAS MODE
P
: For measuring the thickness of plastics.
3
CAN MODE
S
: Identifies the minimum thickness over a large area while moving the transducer over the
surface. While the transducer is in contact with the material being measured the smallest value is held in
memory and displayed when scanning is complete.
LARM
: Allows the user to set a target so that an audible and visual alarm operates when taking
A
measurements. If the measurement falls below a pre-set nominal (target) value a red LED will light and the
beeper sounds. A green LED will light to indicate an acceptable thickness.
ATA OUTPUT
D
ATA-LOGGING
D
: Allows the user to send data direct to a printer or PC.
(207DL
VERSION ONLY
): Memory capacity of up to 1000 readings. Readings are stored in up
to 10 batches each containing up to 100 readings. Batches may be transferred to a PC using supplied
software.
2 QUICK-START
To quickly configure the gauge and start taking readings:
1. Fit batteries: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see page 5
2. Fit transducer:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . see page 6
3. Switch on: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see page 7/9
4. Try taking a reading: . . . . . . . . . see page 13
5. Adjust calibration: . . . . . . . . . . . see page 15
The gauge is now configured and ready to use.
4
3 GETTING STARTED
!
!
"
"
Battery
compartment
cover
3.1 FITTING BATTERIES
Your gauge may be used with dry cell batteries or rechargeable batteries.
2 x LR6 (AA) alkaline batteries are supplied in the kit.
To fit or replace batteries:
1. Locate battery compartment cover at top of gauge.
2. Unscrew battery compartment cover.
3. Referring to battery polarity instructions on rear of gauge, insert
4. Replace battery compartment cover.
Remove the batteries from the gauge if it is to remain unused for a long
period of time. This will prevent damage to the gauge in the event of
malfunction of the batteries.
When the battery voltage is low the entire display will start to flash. When
this occurs the batteries should be replaced.
Note: Alkaline batteries must be disposed of carefully to avoid
environmental contamination. Please consult your local environmental
authority for information on disposal in your region.
Do not dispose of any batteries in fire.
batteries into gauge ensuring correct polarity.
5
3.2 THE TRANSDUCER
The transducer transmits and receives the ultrasonic energy or sound waves that the
gauge uses to determine the thickness of the material being measured. The
transducer is connected to the gauge via a cable and a coaxial connector (Microdot
connector).
The transducer must be used correctly in order for the gauge to produce accurate,
reliable measurements. The Elcometer 207 and the Elcometer 207DL operate only
with the 15 MHz precision ultrasonic transducer.
The diagram shows the side view of the 15 MHz, single-element delay line
transducer. The delay line is attached to the transducer with a retainer ring. A drop of
couplant is applied between the delay line and the transducer body to allow the
energy to be coupled in to the delay line. The transducer body has a single crystal element that generates
the ultrasonic energy and this energy is coupled to the material to be measured. The energy passes from
the transducer in to the material. It is reflected from the far wall of the material and coupled back in to the
transducer. The area directly beneath the delay line is that which is measured.
Your gauge is supplied with two replaceable delay lines, 6.35 mm (1/4") and 12.7 mm (1/2"). The 12.7 mm
(1/2") is suitable for most applications and measures steel up to 25 mm. Generally, it should be used to
measure thicker materials. It will also dampen the signal of noisy materials, providing better accuracy.
The 6.35 mm (1/4") delay line provides more signal strength and may allow you to measure tough-topenetrate materials.
To change the delay line, unscrew the end of the transducer and apply couplant to the connecting end of
the delay line before screwing together.
6
3.3 THE KEYPAD
"
"
!
!
ELCOMETER 207
Key Functions For more information see
Press to switch the gauge on or off.
When switching off, the gauge retains all of its settings.
If the gauge is idle for 5 minutes, it will switch itself off.
Press to switch SCAN mode on or off. “Scan mode” on page 20.
Press to adjust calibration. “Calibration” on page 15.
Press to change units (metric/imperial)
a) Increases values on the display (press and hold to change values quickly).
b) Switches between measurement modes (echo-echo, interface-echo or
auto).
a) Decreases values on the display (press and hold to change values
quickly).
b) Switches the display backlight between three settings; on, off and auto. “Backlight” on page 24.
“Measurement mode” on
page 18
c) Press and hold during gauge switch on to toggle LOC mode on/off
7
Key Functions For more information see
a) Press and hold during gauge switch on to toggle the audible beeper on or
off.
b) Press to toggle the alarm on or off, and to adjust the nominal thickness
value.
Press to toggle the DIFFERENTIAL mode on or off, and to adjust the nominal
thickness value.
“Alarm” on page 22.
“Differential Mode” on page 21.
Press to send the displayed thickness measurement to an external storage
device via the RS232 port.
“Transferring data” on page 27.
8
ELCOMETER 207DL
"
"
"
!
Key Functions For more information see
Press to switch the gauge on or off.
When switching off, the gauge retains all of its settings.
If the gauge is idle for 5 minutes, it will switch itself off.
Press to adjust the features and settings of the gauge (alarm, scan, mode,
units, backlight, and beeper).
Press to adjust calibration. “Calibration” on page 15.
Press to change units (metric/imperial)
a) Increases values on the display (press and hold to change values quickly).
b) When MODE key has been pressed, scrolls through the various features
and settings of the gauge.
c) When MEM key has been pressed, scrolls through the various files,
memory locations, and functions of the data logger.
.
9
Key Functions For more information see
!
a) Decreases values on the display (press and hold to change values
quickly).
b) When MODE key has been pressed, scrolls through the various features
and settings of the gauge.
c) When MEM key has been pressed, scrolls through the various files,
memory locations, and functions of the data logger.
Press to switch data logging (memory) on/off.
“Using the data logger” on
page 27
Press when data logger is switched on to clear the contents of an entire
batch, or an individual memory location.
The CLR key is also used to send an obstruct message (ObSt) to an
individual memory location. The ObSt symbol would indicate that the user
“Using the data logger” on
page 27.
was unable to take a reading at a particular location.
10
a) Press to send the displayed thickness measurement to an internal
memory location or an external storage device via the RS232 port.
b) Press to select data logging functions.
“Transferring data” on page 27.
“Using the data logger” on
page 27
3.4 THE DISPLAY
INMM/ s
µ
Stability indicator (see below) Units (IN, MM, IN/µs, MM/s)
Thickness value/Menu items
Stability indicator
One bar - no readings are being taken
Less than 5 bars - reading is unstable and may be inaccurate
More than 5 bars - reading is stable
Refer to “Read display” on page 14 and “Transducers” on page 37 for information on how to achieve a
stable measurement.
11
3.5 FRONT PANEL LIGHTS
Green light illuminates when:
• The alarm mode is active, and
• the measured thickness is greater than the alarm value.
Red light illuminates when:
• The alarm mode is active, and
• the measured thickness is less than the alarm value.
12
4 TAKING A READING
Disclaimer: Inherent in ultrasonic thickness measurement is the possibility that the instrument will use the
second echo rather than the first echo from the back surface of the material being measured while in
standard pulse-echo mode. This may result in a thickness reading which is TWICE what it should be.
The responsibility for proper use of the instrument and recognition of these types of phenomenon rests
solely with the user of the instrument.
4.1 BEFORE YOU START
• Calibrate the gauge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . See “Calibration” on page 15.
• Prepare the surface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . See “Condition and preparation of surfaces” on page 39.
1. Apply couplant
For the gauge to work correctly there must be no air gaps between the transducer and the surface of
the material to be measured. This is achieved using a material called a couplant.
Before the transducer is placed on the surface, put a small amount of the couplant supplied with the
gauge on the surface of the material. Typically a single drop is sufficient.
2. Place transducer onto surface of material to be measured
Press the transducer with the delay line into the couplant. Moderate pressure on the top of the
transducer using the thumb or index finger is sufficient; it is only necessary to keep the transducer
stationary and the delay line surface seated flat against the surface of the material.
13
3. Read display
If six or seven bars of the stability indicator are showing, the display will be reading the correct
thickness of the material directly beneath the transducer.
If the stability indicator has fewer than five bars showing, or the numbers on the display seem erratic,
check to make sure that there is an adequate film of couplant beneath the transducer, and that the
transducer is seated flat against the material. If the condition persists, it may be necessary to select a
different transducer (size or frequency) for the material being measured.
The gauge will perform four measurements every second when the transducer is in contact with the
surface of the material. The display is updated as each reading is taken.
4. Remove transducer from surface
The display will show the last measurement made.
Note: Occasionally, a small film of couplant will be drawn out between the transducer and the surface as
the transducer is removed. When this happens, the gauge may perform a measurement through this
couplant film, resulting in a measurement that is larger or smaller than it should be. This phenomenon is
obvious when one thickness value is observed while the transducer is in place, and another value is
observed after the transducer is removed. If this happens, take the reading again using less couplant.
14
5 CALIBRATION
In order for the gauge to make accurate measurements, it must be set to the correct sound-velocity for the
material being measured.
Different types of material have different sound-velocities. For example, the velocity of sound through steel
is 5918 m/s (about 0.233 in/µs) and the velocity of sound through aluminium is 6350 m/s (about 0.248 in/
µs).
If the gauge is not set to the correct sound-velocity, all of the measurements the gauge makes will be
erroneous by some fixed percentage.
There are three methods of calibrating your gauge:
NOWN THICKNESS CALIBRATION
K
optimising linearity over large ranges. One-point calibration is carried out using a known thickness.
NOWN VELOCITY CALIBRATION
K
the gauge.
Note: Known thickness calibration must be performed on material with the paint or coating removed. Failure
to remove the paint or coating prior to calibration will result in a multi-material velocity calculation that may
be different from the actual material velocity intended to be measured.
: This is the simplest and most commonly used calibration procedure -
: The sound-velocity of the material being measured is entered directly into
15
5.1 KNOWN THICKNESS CALIBRATION
This procedure requires a sample piece of the material to be measured, the exact thickness of which is
known, e.g. from having been measured by some other means.
1. Switch on the gauge.
2. Apply couplant to the sample piece.
3. Press the transducer against the sample piece, making sure that the transducer is flat against the
surface of the sample. The display should show some (probably incorrect) thickness value, and nearly
all the bars of the stability indicator should be illuminated.
4. Having achieved a stable reading, remove the transducer.
If the displayed thickness changes from the value shown while the transducer was coupled, repeat
step 3 and 4.
5. Press the CAL key. The MM (or IN) symbol should begin flashing.
6. Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys to adjust the displayed thickness up or down, until it matches the
known thickness of the sample piece.
7. Press the CAL key again. The M/s (or IN/µs) symbols should begin flashing. The gauge is now
displaying the sound-velocity value it has calculated.
8. Press the CAL key once more to exit the calibration mode.
The gauge is now ready to perform measurements.
16
5.2 KNOWN VELOCITY CALIBRATION
This procedure requires that the operator knows the sound-velocity of the material to be measured. A table
of common materials and their sound-velocities can be found in “Sound velocities of common materials” on
page 43.
1. Press ON/OFF key to switch on the gauge.
2. Press the CAL key to enter calibration mode. If the MM (or IN) symbol is flashing, press the CAL key
again, so that the M/s (or IN/µs) symbols are flashing.
3. Use the UP and DOWN arrow keys to adjust the displayed velocity up or down, until it matches the
sound-velocity of the material to be measured.
4. Press the CAL key once more to exit the calibration mode.
The gauge is now ready to perform measurements.
Note: At any time during the gauge calibration procedure (IN, MM, IN/µs, or M/s flashing in the display),
pressing the SCAN key (207) or CLR key (207DL) will restore the gauge to the factory default sound-velocity
for steel, 5918 m/s (0.233 in/µs).
To achieve the most accurate measurements possible, it is generally advisable to calibrate the gauge to a
sample piece of known thickness. Material composition (and thus, its sound-velocity) sometimes varies from
batch to batch and from manufacturer to manufacturer. Calibration to a sample of known thickness will
ensure that the gauge is set as closely as possible to the sound-velocity of the material to be measured.
17
6 SET-UP OPTIONS
6.1 MEASUREMENT MODE
The gauge has three measurement modes; echo-echo, interface-echo and automatic.
CHO-ECHO
E
The echo-echo mode also allows the user to measure the thickness of metals that have been previously
coated or painted on the surface. This enables the user to determine the thickness of the metal without
having to remove the paint.
NTERFACE-ECHO
I
plastics and other difficult materials.
UTOMATIC
A
materials being measured.
LAS
P
page 35.
The automatic (Auto) mode will generally be the mode of choice for the majority of common applications
with the following exceptions:
• The gauge should be set to echo-echo mode when through-coating measurements are required.
• The gauge should be set to interface-echo when plastics above 1.52 mm (0.060") are being
18
: The gauge has the ability to read thin metals from 0.15 mm to 10.14 mm (0.006" to 0.399").
: The gauge has the ability to read thicker metals from 1.65 mm to 25.4 mm (0.065" to 1.0"),
: In Automatic, the gauge will automatically switch between modes according to the different
: Plas mode can be used to measure thin plastics using a special graphite tip - see “Spares” on
measured.
6.1.1 To select measurement mode
Elcometer 207
Elcometer 207DL
1. Press ON/OFF key to switch on the gauge.
2. Press UP arrow key to switch between the
measurement modes. The gauge will display
GAtE I-E, GAtE E-E, GAtE Auto or GAtE
PLAS depending on which mode the gauge is
in.
3. Repeat step 2 until correct mode is displayed.
1. Press ON/OFF key to switch on the gauge.
2. Press MODE key to activate features and
settings. The gauge will display GAtE I-E,
GAtE E-E, GAtE Auto or GAtE PLAS
depending on which mode the gauge is in.
3. Press SEND key to switch between the
measurement modes.
4. Press MODE key when correct mode is
displayed.
Selection of measurement mode is now complete.
Note: Once the measurement mode has been selected, use LOC mode to prevent accidental modification
of the measurement mode. When your gauge is in LOC mode, all features (with the exception of the
calibration and units), are locked and cannot be altered by the user.
Press and hold the DOWN arrow key while switching on the gauge to toggle LOC mode on/off.
19
6.2 SCAN MODE
Elcometer 207
Elcometer 207DL
Your gauge includes Scan Mode which allows it to examine a large region, searching for the thinnest point.
In normal operation, the gauge performs and displays four measurements every second, which is quite
adequate for single measurements. In Scan Mode, however, the gauge performs eight measurements
every second, but does not display them. While the transducer is in contact with the material being
measured, the gauge memorises the lowest measurement it finds. The transducer may be ‘scrubbed’
across a surface, and any brief interruptions in the signal will be ignored. When the transducer loses contact
with the surface for more than a second the gauge will display the lowest value it found.
To switch scan mode on/off:
1. Switch on the gauge.
2. Press SCAN key to toggle the status of the
Scan mode.
The gauge will display SCAn OFF or SCAn
On depending on which mode the gauge is in.
3. Repeat step 2 to switch scan mode on or off.
20
1. Switch on the gauge.
2. Press MODE key to activate features and
settings.
3. Press UP and DOWN arrow keys to scroll to
SCAn symbol.
The gauge will display SCAn OFF or SCAn
On depending on which mode the gauge is in.
4. Press SEND key to toggle scan mode on or off.
5. Press MODE key when finished.
6.3 DIFFERENTIAL MODE
Elcometer 207
Elcometer 207DL
Your gauge includes Differential Mode which allows it to display the positive or negative difference from
an entered nominal value.
To switch differential mode on/off and enter the value:
1. Switch on the gauge.
2. Press the DIFF key.
The gauge will display DIFF OFF or DIFF
followed by a thickness value and flashing MM
(or IN), depending on which mode the gauge is
in.
3. Repeat step 2 to toggle differential mode on or
off.
4. Assuming DIFF value flashing MM is
displayed, use the UP and DOWN arrow keys
to scroll to the desired nominal thickness
value.
5. Press the SEND key to select the nominal
value entered.
1. Switch on the gauge.
MODE
UP
and
key.
DOWN
arrow keys to scroll to
2. Press
3. Press
symbol.
The gauge will display
DIFF OFF
followed by a thickness value and flashing MM (or
IN
), depending on which mode the gauge is in.
SEND
4. Press
key to switch differential mode on or
off.
DIFF
5. Assuming
use the
value flashing MM is displayed,
UP
and
DOWN
arrow keys to scroll to the
desired nominal thickness value.
SEND
6. Press
key to select the desired nominal
value and return to mode menu.
MODE
7. Press
key when finished.
or
dIFF
DIFF
21
6.4 ALARM
Elcometer 207
Elcometer 207DL
The Alarm feature of your gauge allows you to set an audible and visual alarm when taking measurements.
If the alarm is switched on, the green light on the front panel of the gauge is illuminated. If the measurement
falls below the value set by the user, a red light shows on the front panel of the gauge and the beeper is
sounded (if it is switched on).
Use of the red light and beeper improves the speed and efficiency of the inspection process by eliminating
constant viewing of the reading displayed.
To switch beeper on/off
1. While the gauge is off, press and hold down
ALRM key.
2. Switch on the gauge.
3. Release ALRM key.
The gauge will display bEEP OFF or bEEP On
depending on whether the beeper is on or off.
4. Repeat steps 1 to 3 to toggle between bEEP
ON and bEEP OFF.
22
1. Switch on the gauge.
2. Press MODE key to activate features and
settings.
3. Press UP or DOWN arrow keys to scroll to
bEEP.
The gauge will display bEEP OFF or bEEP On
depending on whether the beeper is on or off.
4. Press SEND key to toggle the status of the
beeper on/off.
5. Press MODE key when finished.
To set alarm value and switch alarm on
Elcometer 207
Elcometer 207DL
1. Switch on the gauge.
2. Press ALRM key to toggle the status of the
alarm until the gauge displays:
ALAr followed by a thickness value and
flashing MM (or IN) symbol.
3. Press UP and DOWN arrow keys to adjust Lo
alarm thickness value.
4. Press SEND key when correct value is
displayed.
The Hi value will now be displayed.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 to adjust and set the Hi
alarm thickness value.
The alarm value is now set and the alarm is switched on.
To switch alarm off
Repeat the steps above, but select ALAr OFF.
1. Switch on the gauge.
2. Press MODE key to activate features and
settings.
3. Press UP or DOWN arrow keys to scroll to
ALAr. The gauge will display:
ALAr OFF
4. Press SEND key. The gauge will display:
A thickness value and flashing MM (or IN)
symbol.
5. Press UP and DOWN arrow keys to adjust
thickness value.
6. Press SEND key when correct value is
displayed.
7. Press MODE key.
23
6.5 BACKLIGHT
Elcometer 207
Elcometer 207DL
The gauge display includes a backlight. The backlight can be set to one of three modes - on/off/auto.
• ON - backlight is on
• OFF - backlight is off
• AUTO - backlight automatically illuminates while the gauge is making a measurement and switches off
after several seconds (to conserve battery life).
6.5.1 To set backlight mode
1. Switch on the gauge.
2. Press DOWN key to toggle the status of the
backlight.
The gauge will display OFF, On or AutO,
depending on backlight setting.
3. Repeat step 2 until the correct setting is
displayed.
24
1. Press ON/OFF key to switch on the gauge.
2. Press MODE key to activate features and
settings.
3. Press UP and DOWN arrow keys to scroll to
the LItE symbol.
The gauge will display LItE OFF, LItE On or
LItE AutO, depending on backlight setting.
4. Press SEND key until the correct setting is
displayed.
5. Press MODE key.
7 TRANSFERRING READINGS TO A COMPUTER
!
!
"
"
RS232 data
connection
socket
Readings can be transferred from your gauge to a computer. The Elcometer 207 will transfer readings as
they are taken. The Elcometer 207DL will transfer readings as they are taken and also transfer the contents
of its memory.
A data transfer cable is used to connect the gauge to the computer. This cable is supplied with an Elcometer
207DL, but must be ordered separately for an Elcometer 207 - see “Spares” on page 35.
Elcometer recommends the use of EDTS
transfer the data - see “Data transfer software” on page 42. Other types of software may also be used.
+
Excel Link software is supplied with an Elcometer 207DL, but must be ordered separately for an
EDTS
Elcometer 207 - see “Spares” on page 35.
7.1 CONNECTING THE DATA TRANSFER CABLE
1. Plug the 9-pin female D-type connector on one end of the data transfer cable into the COM port on the
PC.
2. Plug the jack connector on the other end of the data transfer
cable into the RS232 data connection socket on the bottom
of the gauge.
+
Excel Link, EDCS or EDCS+ communications software to
25
7.2 SETTING-UP THE SOFTWARE
Elcometer 207
Elcometer 207DL
+
Excel Link, EDCS or EDCS+ communications software
EDTS
+
1. Start the communications software (EDTS
, EDCS or EDCS+).
2. Select gauge type Elcometer 207 or 207DL.
To set-up other types of communications software
1. Start the communications software.
2. Configure the software using the following
parameters:
Data Bits - 8, Parity - None, Stop Bits - 1,
Baud Rate 1200.
3. Set the communications software COM port to
the port number that the gauge is connected
to.
26
1. Start the communications software.
2. Configure the software using the following
parameters:
Data Bits - 8, Parity - None, Stop Bits - 1,
Baud Rate 1200 (to print a report), or 9600
to transfer data file.
Note: A report can be printed to a
communications program (i.e. HyperTerminal),
or printed to a serial printer using A4 or 8.5" x
11" paper.
3. Set the communications software COM port to
the port number that the gauge is connected
to.
7.3 TRANSFERRING DATA
Elcometer 207
Elcometer 207DL
After taking a measurement, press the SEND key to
send the measurement to the computer.
Follow the instructions in “Using the data logger” on
page 27.
8 USING THE DATA LOGGER
(Elcometer 207DL only)
The Elcometer 207DL is equipped with a data logging feature. This is a valuable reporting gauge for
inspection purposes. It increases efficiency by reducing the time it takes to manually record the
measurements during the inspection process. The gauge can then be connected to a computer or serial
printer to save and print the results of the inspection.
The gauge has a memory capacity of 1000 readings. Measurements are stored in up to 10 batches (files),
each consisting of up to 100 readings (memory locations).
8.1 SETTING-UP THE DATA LOGGER
1. Switch on the gauge.
2. Press MEM key to activate the data logger.
The display will flash FILE F-01 (or the last batch used). There are 10 batches, numbered F-01 to F-
10.
3. Press the SEND key to enter batch setup. The current batch will be displayed (F-01, F-03, etc.)
27
4. Press the UP / DOWN arrow keys to scroll to the batch (1-10) that will be used.
5. Press the SEND key once again to select the batch.
The display will flash FILE F-04 (or the selected batch).
6. Press the MEM key, to access the memory locations in the batch selected.
The display will flash the current memory location (L007, L039, etc.), followed by the status of the
memory location. The memory location can contain one of three possible things:
• a measurement that was previously stored
• CLr in the display, indicating that the memory location is empty
• ObSt (obstruct) in the display, indicating that a measurement could not be obtained
7. Press the UP / DOWN arrow keys to advance to the desired memory location.
8.2 STORING A MEASUREMENT
1. Take a measurement and press the SEND key to store a reading in the memory location.
The data logger will then automatically advance to the next memory location in sequential order.
2. Repeat step 1 as required.
8.3 DELETING CONTENTS OF A MEMORY LOCATION
The user may require a memory location that is currently full to be over written. The procedure for deleting
(clearing) the contents of the memory location is outlined in the following steps:
Note: This procedure assumes the steps in 8.1 and 8.2 have been completed, and 8.2 is being repeated.
1. Press the UP / DOWN arrow keys to move to the memory location to be cleared.
28
If the memory location is currently full, the display will flash the FuLL symbol.
2. Press the CLR key to delete the contents of the memory location. The display will flash the memory
location (L011, L099, etc.) and the CLr symbol.
3. Take another measurement, and press the SEND key to write to the same memory location just
cleared.
8.4 DELETING CONTENTS OF AN ENTIRE BATCH
The user may require the contents of an entire batch to be cleared of all measurements. This would allow
the user to start a new list of measurements starting at memory location L001, for example. The procedure
is outlined in the following steps:
1. Press ON/OFF key to switch on the gauge.
2. Press MEM key to activate the data logging functions and settings.
3. Press SEND key to enter batch setup.
4. Press UP / DOWN arrow keys to scroll to the batch that is to be cleared of all measurements.
5. Press SEND key once again to select the batch. The display will flash FILE F-05 (or the batch
selected).
6. Press UP / DOWN arrow keys to scroll to the flashing CLr F-05 (or the batch selected).
7. Press SEND key to select the clear batch option. The display will show CLr?
8. Press CLR key to confirm and clear the contents of the entire batch.
9. Press MEM key at any time to exit data logging functions.
29
8.5 DELETING CONTENTS OF ALL BATCHES
1. Press ON/OFF key to switch on the gauge.
2. Immediately press the CLR key. The display will show CLr?
3. Press CLR key once again to clear all batches.
8.6 TRANSFERRING DATA TO A COMPUTER
At the end of the inspection process, or end of the day, the user can transfer the readings in the memory of
the gauge to a computer.
TRANSFERRING ONE BATCH
1. Connect the gauge to a computer and start the data transfer software - see “Transferring readings to a
computer” on page 25.
2. Press ON/OFF key to switch on the gauge.
3. Press MEM key to activate the data logging functions and settings.
4. Press SEND key to enter batch setup.
5. Press UP / DOWN arrow keys to scroll to the batch that is to be sent to the computer.
6. Press SEND key once again to select the batch. The display will flash FILE F-05 (or the batch
selected).
7. Press UP / DOWN arrow keys to scroll to LISt F-05 (or the batch selected) flashing on the display.
8. Press the SEND key to send readings to the computer.
The display will show buSY during data transfer.
Wait until all the data has been transferred.
9. Press the MEM key to exit the data logging functions.
30
TRANSFERRING ALL BATCHES
1. Connect the gauge to a computer and start the data transfer software - see “Transferring readings to a
computer” on page 25.
2. Press ON/OFF key to switch on the gauge.
3. Press MEM key to activate the data logging functions and settings.
4. Press UP / DOWN arrow keys to scroll to SEnd ALL flashing on the display.
5. Press the SEND key to send readings to the computer.
The display will show buSY during data transfer.
Wait until all the data has been transferred.
6. Press the MEM key to exit the data logging functions.
8.7 PRINTING A BATCH
The user may wish to print an individual batch to a serial printer or computer. A batch can, very simply, be
printed to a communications program on a PC (i.e. Elcometer EDTS
+
Excel Link, EDCS or EDCS+), and
then printed. The procedure for printing a batch is outlined below:
1. Connect the gauge to a computer and start the data transfer software - see “Transferring readings to a
computer” on page 25.
2. Press ON/OFF key to switch on the gauge.
3. Press the MEM key to activate the data logging functions and settings.
4. Press the SEND key to enter batch setup.
5. Press the UP / DOWN arrow keys to scroll to the batch to be printed (F-01, F-05, etc.).
31
6. Press SEND, once again, to select the batch to be printed. The display will flash FILE F-05 (or the
batch selected).
7. Press the UP / DOWN arrow keys to scroll to the flashing Prnt F-05 (or the batch selected), or LISt
(tape printer).
8. Press the SEND key to print the contents of the batch.
9. Press the MEM key, at any time, to exit the data logging functions.
9 STORAGE
Your gauge has a Liquid Crystal Display. If the display is heated above 50°C (120°F) it may be
damaged. This can happen if the gauge is left in a car parked in strong sunlight.
Always store the gauge in its case when it is not being used.
If the gauge is to remain unused for long periods of time, remove the batteries and store them separately.
This will prevent damage to the gauge in the event of malfunction of the batteries.
32
10 MAINTENANCE
Your gauge is designed to give many years reliable service under normal operating and storage conditions.
The transducer will wear with repeated use. Transducer life depends on the number of measurements taken
and the manner in which readings are taken. To extend transducer life, always set the transducer down so
that it is perpendicular to the panel surface. Dragging the transducer along the surface will reduce the life
of the transducer.
Replacement transducers are available from your local Elcometer supplier or directly from Elcometer.
The gauge does not contain any user-serviceable components. In the unlikely event of a fault, the gauge
should be returned to your local Elcometer supplier or directly to Elcometer.
Contact details can be found:
• On the outside cover of these operating instructions.
• At www.elcometer.com
11 RELATED EQUIPMENT
Elcometer produces a wide range of material thickness gauges and associated inspection equipment.
Users of the Elcometer 207 and 207DL may also benefit from the following Elcometer products:
• Elcometer range of ultrasonic gauges
• Elcometer surface profile gauges
• Elcometer surface cleanliness test kits
Further information can be obtained from your local Elcometer supplier, direct from Elcometer, or by visiting
www.elcometer.com.
33
12 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Range: 0.15 mm to 25.4 mm (0.006" to 1.000")
Resolution: 0.002 mm (0.0001")
Accuracy: ±0.002 mm (±0.0001"), depends on material and conditions
Sound-velocity range: 1250 m/s to 10 000 m/s (0.0492 in/µs to 0.3937 in/µs)
Weight: 295 g (10 oz) including batteries
Size: 63.5 mm x 120.6 mm x 31.5 mm (2.5" x 4.5" x 1.24")
Operating temperature: -30°C to 50°C (-20°F to 120°F) - depending upon climatic conditions
Case: Extruded aluminium body, Nickel plated aluminium end caps
a
Battery type: 2 x LR6 (AA), alkaline dry batteries or rechargeable
b
Battery life: 200
a. Rechargeable batteries can be used if they are charged outside the gauge.
b. Battery life is reduced to approximately 120 hours when using rechargeable batteries. Follow the instructions
provided by the battery manufacturer when charging and disposing of rechargeable batteries.
hours continuous (alkaline dry batteries)
34
equivalents
13 SPARES
The following consumables, replacement and optional items are available from your local Elcometer
supplier or direct from Elcometer.
Type Description Sales Part No.
Consumable 120 ml (4 oz) Ultrasonic couplant T92015701
Consumable 60 ml (2 oz) High temperature ultrasonic couplant T92015874
Accessory Fabric carrying case with straps T92015617
Accessory Data transfer cable (for connection to a PC) T92015684
Accessory EDCS+ software T96016488
Transducer 15 MHz 6 mm (1/4") Microdot Transducer T92016526
Transducer Transducer Cable T92016527
Transducer Transducer delay line for PLAS mode T92016871
Transducer 6 mm Dia x 9.5 mm Aprrox. Delay Line Tip T92016528
Transducer 6 mm Dia x 12.7 mm Approx. Delay Line Tip T92016529
Transducer 3 mm Dia x 9.5 mm Approx. Delay Line Tip T92016530
35
14 WARRANTY
Elcometer Instruments Ltd. warrants the Elcometer 207 and 207DL ultrasonic gauges against defects in
materials and workmanship for a period of five years from receipt by the end user.
Additionally, Elcometer Instruments Ltd. warrants transducers and accessories against such defects for a
period of 90 days from receipt by the end user. If Elcometer Instruments Ltd. receives notice of such defects
during the warranty period, Elcometer Instruments Ltd. will either, at its option, repair or replace products
that prove to be defective.
Should Elcometer Instruments Ltd. be unable to repair or replace the product within a reasonable amount
of time, the customer's alternative exclusive remedy shall be refund of the purchase price upon return of the
product.
14.1 EXCLUSIONS
The above warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from: improper or inadequate maintenance by the
customer; unauthorised modification or misuse; or operation outside the environmental specifications for
the product.
Elcometer Instruments Ltd. makes no other warranty, either express or implied, with respect to this product.
Elcometer Instruments Ltd. specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a
particular purpose. Some states or provinces do not allow limitations on the duration of an implied warranty,
so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. However, any implied warranty of merchantability
or fitness is limited to the five-year duration of this written warranty.
This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights, which may vary from
country to country, state to state or province to province.
36
14.2 OBTAINING SERVICE DURING WARRANTY PERIOD
If your hardware should fail during the warranty period, contact Elcometer Instruments Ltd. and arrange for
servicing of the product. Retain proof of purchase in order to obtain warranty service.
For products that require servicing, Elcometer Instruments Ltd. may use one of the following methods:
• Repair the product
• Replace the product with a re-manufactured unit
• Replace the product with a product of equal or greater performance
• Refund the purchase price.
14.3 AFTER THE WARRANTY PERIOD
If your hardware should fail after the warranty period, contact Elcometer Instruments Ltd. for details of the
services available, and to arrange for non-warranty service.
15 TRANSDUCERS
Your gauge is capable of performing measurements on a wide range of materials, from various metals to
glass and plastics. Different types of material, however, have different properties. The following paragraphs
highlight the important properties of transducers which should be considered when assessing a particular
measurement task.
The best measurement condition is one where sufficient ultrasonic energy is sent into the material being
measured such that a strong, stable echo is received by the gauge.
Several factors affect the strength of ultrasound as it travels. These are outlined below:
37
15.1 INITIAL SIGNAL STRENGTH
The stronger a signal is to begin with, the stronger its return echo will be. Initial signal strength is largely a
factor of the size of the ultrasound emitter in the transducer. A large emitting area will send more energy
into the material being measured than a small emitting area. Therefore a 6 mm (1/4”) transducer will emit a
stronger signal than a 3 mm (1/8”) transducer.
15.2 ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING
As ultrasound travels through any material, it is partly absorbed. If the materials through which the sound
travels have any grain structure, the sound waves will experience scattering. Both of these effects reduce
the strength of the waves.
Higher frequency ultrasound is absorbed and scattered more than ultrasound of a lower frequency. It may
seem therefore that using a lower frequency transducer might be better in every instance, however low
frequencies are less directional than high frequencies.
15.3 GEOMETRY OF THE TRANSDUCER
The physical constraints of the measuring environment sometimes determine the suitability of a transducer
for a given job. The transducer may simply be too large to be used in confined areas. Also, the surface area
available for contacting with the transducer may be limited. Measuring on a curved surface may require the
use of a transducer with a matching curved wearface.
38
15.4 TEMPERATURE OF THE MATERIAL
When it is necessary to measure on surfaces that are exceedingly hot, special high-temperature
transducers may be necessary. Additionally, care must be taken when performing a ‘Calibration to Known
Thickness’ with a high temperature application - see “Measuring hot surfaces” on page 40.
16 CONDITION AND PREPARATION OF SURFACES
The shape and roughness of the test surface are of paramount importance when carrying out ultrasonic
thickness testing. Rough, uneven surfaces may limit the penetration of ultrasound through the material, and
result in unstable, and therefore unreliable, measurements.
The surface being measured should be clean, and free of any small particles, rust, or scale. The presence
of such obstructions will prevent the transducer from seating properly against the surface. Often, a wire
brush or scraper will be helpful in cleaning surfaces. In more extreme cases, rotary sanders or grinding
wheels may be used, though care must be taken to prevent surface gouging, which will inhibit proper
transducer coupling.
Extremely rough surfaces, such as the pebble-like finish of some cast iron, will prove most difficult to
measure. These kinds of surfaces act on the sound beam like frosted glass acts on light, the beam becomes
diffused and scattered in all directions.
In addition to posing obstacles to measurement, rough surfaces contribute to excessive wear of the
transducer, particularly in situations where the transducer is ‘scrubbed’ along the surface.
39
17 APPLICATION NOTES
17.1 MEASURING TUBING
When measuring a piece of tubing for wall thickness, it may prove beneficial to have multiple delay lines
with different radiuses for different tubing diameters. The delay lines can be easily radiused by placing a
piece of emery cloth around the tubing and moving the transducer back and forth until a radius has formed
on the tip of the delay line.
17.2 MEASURING HOT SURFACES
The velocity of sound through a material depends upon the temperature of the material. As materials heat
up, the velocity of sound in the material decreases. In most applications with surface temperatures less than
approximately 100°C (~200°F), no special procedures are required. At temperatures above 100°C
(~200°F), the change in sound-velocity of the material being measured starts to have a noticeable effect
upon the accuracy of ultrasonic measurement.
At such elevated temperatures, it is recommended that the user perform a calibration procedure (see
“Calibration” on page 15) on a sample piece of known thickness, which is at, or near, the temperature of the
material to be measured. This will allow the gauge to correctly calculate the velocity of sound through the
hot material.
When performing measurements on hot surfaces, it may also be necessary to use a specially constructed
high-temperature delay line. It is recommended that the probe be left in contact with the surface for as short
a time as needed to acquire a stable measurement. While the transducer is in contact with a hot surface, it
will begin to heat up, and through thermal expansion and other effects, may begin to adversely affect the
accuracy of measurements.
40
17.3 MEASURING LAMINATED MATERIALS
The density (and therefore sound-velocity) of laminated materials may vary considerably from one piece to
another. Some laminated materials may even exhibit noticeable changes in sound-velocity across a single
surface. The only way to reliably measure such materials is by performing a calibration procedure on a
sample piece of known thickness. Ideally, this sample material should be a part of the same piece being
measured, or at least from the same lamination batch. By calibrating to each test piece individually, the
effects of variation of sound-velocity will be minimised.
An additional consideration when measuring laminates, is that any air gaps or pockets within the laminate
will reflect the ultrasound beam. This will be noticed as a sudden decrease in thickness in an otherwise
regular surface. While this may impede accurate measurement of total material thickness, it does provide
positive indication of air gaps in the laminate.
17.4 MEASURING THROUGH PAINT AND COATINGS
When measuring through paints and coatings the sound-velocity of the paint/coating may be significantly
different from the sound-velocity of the actual material being measured. An example of this would be a mild
steel pipe with approximately 0.6 mm (.025") of coating on the surface. The sound-velocity of the pipe is
5918 m/s (.2330 in/µsec), and the sound-velocity of the paint is 2286 m/s (.0900 in/µsec). If the gauge is
calibrated for mild steel pipe and measures through both materials, the actual coating thickness will appear
to be 2.5 times thicker than it actually is, as a result of the differences in sound-velocity.
The error can be eliminated by using the echo-echo mode to perform measurements for applications such
as these. In echo-echo mode, the paint/coating thickness will be eliminated entirely and the steel will be the
only material measured.
41
18 DATA TRANSFER SOFTWARE
Software is available which allows data to be transferred from an Elcometer 207/207DL to a PC. Elcometer
supplies three types of data transfer software:
• Elcometer Data Transfer Software (EDTS
• Elcometer Data Collection Software (EDCS)
• Elcometer Data Collection Software (EDCS
The Elcometer 207 gauge is supplied without any software, however EDTS+ Excel Link, EDCS and a
demonstration version of EDCS
+
are available as a free download from the Elcometer website
www.elcometer.com.
The Elcometer 207DL gauge is supplied with a CD containing EDTS
demonstration version of EDCS
+
18.1 EDTS
EDTS
EXCEL LINK
+
Excel Link allows the user to transfer data from the memory of the gauge to a PC. The data can then
+
.
be processed in software such as ‘Word’ or ‘Excel’.
+
Excel Link)
+)
+
Excel Link, EDCS, and a
18.2 EDCS AND EDCS
+
EDCS+ allows the user to transfer data from the memory of the gauge to a PC. It also includes all the charts
that you may need together with a report designer to let you design the report the way you wish to see it.
Data management and archiving is also included.
+
EDCS is a limited functionality version of EDCS
.
42
+
is available from your local Elcometer supplier or directly from Elcometer.
EDCS
18.3 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION
+
Excel Link, EDCS and EDCS+ are compatible with computers operating on Windows™ 95 (service
EDTS
pack 1), 98, ME, NT, 2000 and XP. The installation conforms to the standard Windows method using
‘Setup.exe’
19 SOUND VELOCITIES OF COMMON MATERIALS
Material Sound-velocity (m/s) Sound-velocity (in/µs)
Aluminium 6350 0.250
Bismuth 2184 0.086
Brass 4394 0.173
Cadmium 2769 0.109
Cast Iron 4572 0.180 (Approximate)
Constantan 5232 0.206
Copper 4674 0.184
Epoxy Resin 2540 0.100 (Approximate)
German Silver 4750 0.187
Glass, Crown 5664 0.223
Glass, Flint 4267 0.168
Gold 3251 0.128
Ice 3988 0.157
Iron 5893 0.232
43
Material Sound-velocity (m/s) Sound-velocity (in/µs)
Lead 2159 0.085
Magnesium 5791 0.228
Mercury 1448 0.057
Nickel 5639 0.222
Nylon 2591 0.102 (Approximate)
Paraffin 2210 0.087
Platinum 3962 0.156
Plexiglas 2692 0.106
Polystyrene 2337 0.092
Porcelain 5842 0.230 (Approximate)
PVC 2388 0.094
Quartz Glass 5639 0.222
Rubber, Vulcanised 2311 0.091
Silver 3607 0.142
Steel 5918 0.233
Steel, Stainless 5664 0.223
Stellite 6985 0.275 (Approximate)
Teflon 1422 0.056
Tin 3327 0.131
Titanium 6096 0.240
Tungsten 5334 0.210
Water 1473 0.058
Zinc 4216 0.166
44
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