Efficient Networks SpeedStream 5600 User Manual

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Part No. 007-5600-002, Rev B

Copyright 1999, Efficient Networks, Inc.



All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A.

Product names mentioned herein may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Ef­ficient Networks, Inc. shall not be liable for technical or editor ia l errors or omissions in this docume nt; nor for inci­dental or consequential damages resulting from the furnis hing, perfor manc e, or use of this materi al .

Efficient Networks, Inc. – Single-use Software License and Warranty

This documentation and the accompanying computer programs (collectively, the Software) are licensed, not sold, to

the End User by EFFICIENT NETWORKS, INC. (“ENI”) for use only under the following terms. ENI reserves any
right not expressly granted to the End User. The End User owns the media on which the Software is recorded but ENI
retains ownership of all copies of the Software itself. T he End User assumes s ole responsibil ity for the i nstallation,
use, and results obtained from use of the Software. If the product that you acquired is an upgrade, then the terms and
conditions of this agreement apply equally to the upgraded product.

. This License allows the End User, together with its authorized employees, to do only the following:

1. License

(a) Install and archive the Software on one (and only one) Remo te Access Unit, IBM PC, Sun Workstation, or

compatible equivalent personal computer or works tation for electron ic transfer to, and use and execution on
and with one (and only one) module or product of ENI equipment for use only by the End User.

(b) Make one (and only one) copy in machine-readable form solely for backup or archival purposes for the com-

puter on which the Software is installed. The Software is protected by copyright law. As an express condition
of this license, the End User must reproduce on the copy the ENI copyright notice and any other proprietary
legends on the original copy supplied by ENI. This restriction on copying the Software expires upon the expi­ration of all underlying copyrights.

2. Restrictions
ware contains trade secrets and to protect them, the End User may NOT decompile, reverse engineer, disassemble,
or otherwise reduce the Software to a human perceivable form. The End User may not modify, adapt, trans late,

rent, lease, loan, resell for profit, distribute, or otherwise assign or transfer the software, or create derivative
works based upon the software or any part thereof.

3. Protection and Security
without limitation the object code of the Software, to any pa rty other than its authorized empl oye es, e xc ept for pur­poses specifically related to the End User’s authorized use of the Software on ENI Products, without the prior written
consent of ENI. The End User agrees to use its best efforts and to take all reasonable steps to safeguard the Software
to ensure that no unauthorized person shall have access thereto and that no unauthorized copy, publication, disclosure
or distribution in whole or in part, in any form, shall be made. The End User acknowledges that the Software contains
valuable confidential information and trade secrets and that unauthorized use and/or copying are harmful to ENI.

4. Termination.
from ENI if the End User fails to comply with any of its provisions. Upon termination, the End User must destroy the
Software and all copies thereof, and the End User may terminate this License at any time by doing so.

5. Export Law Assurances.
transferred or exported, directly or indirectly, into any country prohibited by the U.S. Export Administration Act and
the regulations thereunder or will be used for any purpose prohibited by that Act.

6. Limited Warranty.
substantially in accordance with the published functional specifications current at th e time of shipment. If a defect
appears, during the warranty pe r iod, ENI will use its best efforts to correct the defect within a reasonable time after
notification. The End User agrees that the foregoing constitutes the End User’s sole and exclusive remedy for breach
by ENI under any warranties made under this Agreement. This warranty does not cover any Software that has been
altered or changed in any way by anyone other than ENI. ENI is not responsible for changes made after ordering the
Software to computer hardware, operating systems or test equipment, or for problems in the interaction of the Soft­ware with software not furnished by ENI.

The Warranty and remedy provided above are exclusive and in lieu of all other warranties, express or implied, includ­ing but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The End User
assumes all risk as to the suita bility, quality, and performance of the s o ftware. In no event will ENI, or i ts direc tors,
officers, employees or affiliate s, be li able to the E nd User for a ny consequ ential, incident al, indir ect, specia l or ex­emplary damages (including damages for loss of busin ess profits, business interrupt ion, loss of data or business in­formation, and the like) arising out of the use of or inability to use the software or accompanying written materials,
even if ENI or an authorized ENI representative has been advised of the possibility of such damages. ENI’s liability
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No oral or written information or advice given by ENI or its dealers, distributors, employees or agents shall in any
way extend, modify or add to the foregoing warranty.

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. The End User may NOT sublicense, assign, or distribute copies of the Software to others. The Soft-

. The End User agrees not to deliver or otherwise make available the Software, including

This License is effective until terminated. This License will terminat e immediately without notice

The End User agrees that neither the Software nor any direct product thereof will be

ENI warrants that, for ninety (90) days from the date of shipment, the Software shall operate

Other than the limited license expressly granted herein, no license, whether express or

Efficient Networks, Inc. 1

rights of ENI.

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9.Enhancements.
hancements or improvements to the Software and/or new releases of the Software (collectively, Enhancements), and
may license the End User to use such Enhancements to the Software upon payment of such prices therefore as may
then be established by ENI and in effect. All such Enhancements to the Software provided to the End User shall also
be governed by the terms of this License.

10.General.
shall inure to the benefit of ENI and its successor, assignees and legal representatives. If any provision of this license
is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid or unenforceable to any extent under applicable law, that
provision will be enforced to the maximum extent permis s ible, and the rema i ning provisions of this License will re­main in full force and effect. Any notices or other communications to be sent to ENI must be mailed by certified mail
to the following address:

Efficient Networks, Inc.
4201 Spring Valley Road, Suite 1200
Dallas, Texas 75244

This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and all
prior proposals, agreements, representations, statements and undertakings are hereby expressly canceled and super­seded. This Agreement may not be changed or amended except by a written instrument executed by a duly authorized
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agree to be bound by its terms and conditions. Should you have any questions concerning this License, contact ENI
at the address shown above.

From time to time ENI may, in its sole discretion, advise the End User of updates, upgrades, en-

This License will be covered by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Texas, and

By opening this package, you acknowledge that you have read this License, understand it, and

The End User understands and acknowledges that it is solely re-

Efficient Networks, Inc. Hardware Warranty

Efficient Networks, Inc. (EFNT) warrants SpeedStream 5600 series products for a period of 1 year against defects in
material or workmanship from the date of purchase. This warranty extends to the original consumer of this product.
If SpeedStream 5600 series product does not function as warranted during the warranty period, Efficient Networks,
Inc. will either repair the defective product or replace it with a new or remanufactured functionally equivalent product
of equal value.

2 Efficient Networks, Inc.

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Contents

About the 5600 Series DSL Router. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Routing vs. Bridging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Where and Why to Use the Router. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

How to Use this Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Package Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Installation Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Router LEDs on Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Accessing the Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Network Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Connecting to the router via Ethernet . . . . . . . . . .15

HTTP Web-browser Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

TELNET Access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

FTP Access for Firmware/Configuration Uploads .17

Local Terminal using Serial Connection. . . . . . . . . . . .18

Logging on via the Serial Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Types of User Interfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

HTML Web Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Command Prompt/Error Prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Command Line Interface Conventions. . . . . . . . . .21

How do you want to use the Router? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Setting the Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Factory Default Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Router PPP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

RFC 1483 Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Bridge Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Testing the Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Technical Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

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Asynchronous Transfer Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Encapsulation Methods: PPP and RFC 1483. . . . . . . . 30

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

RFC 1483. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) . . . . . . .31

DHCP Relay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Domain Name Service (DNS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

DNS Resolver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

DNS Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Public and Private Networks and the use of NAPT . . . 33

5660 DSL Router/Bridge Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

5621 DSL Router/Bridge Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

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6 Efficient Networks, Inc.

Introduction

About the 5600 Series DSL Router

The SpeedStreamTM 5600 Series Ethernet to ADSL router provides
ATM-based network access for home users, telecommuters, or remote
offices and are equipped with one Ethernet port and one Asymmetric
Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) port. These internet sharing devices use
Discrete Multitone (DMT) technology to s et data transmit rates. When the

unit is first powered on, it will “train” the line to ge t the best data
transmission rate.

The 5600 Series internet sharing device can be used as either a router or a
bridge. It is configured t o operate as a router when it is first installed. To
use it as a bridge, you must log into the router and change the mode to

bridge mode.

Router Mode (factory default mode) :

• Provides IP routing between a Local Area Network (LAN) and the Wide

Area Network (WAN).

• Can be configured to use

• PPP (factory default)

• RFC 1483 routed encapsulation

• RFC 1483 bridged encapsulation

Bridge Mode:

• Provides high-speed connectivity from an Ethernet LAN to the WAN

over the ADSL connection

• Uses RFC 1483 bridged encapsulation over ATM

Routing vs. Bridging

What is the difference between routing and bridging?

• Bridges determine where to send data packets between local area

network (LAN) segments based on the MAC address of the sending and
receiving computers or devices (nodes) on the network. The MAC
address is a unique identifier that is programmed into the network

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About the 5600 Series DSL Router

7

interface card installed in a network node. Bridging is a simple
transmission scheme and th ere is little software manage ment invo lved in
the sending of packets. Packets are simply forwarded from one node to
the next.

• Routers are much more complex than bridges. Routers send packets

from node to node based on IP addresses. An IP address can be viewed
as a modifiable identifier that is mapped to the MAC address of network
node. The IP address of a node may change dynamically or by user
configuration. Therefore, there are protocols and databases on the
network that must keep track of the IP address assignments for the
nodes on the local area network. Other features of a router allow you to
restrict the types of data packets that are allowed onto your local area
network from the wide area network (WAN) and vice versa.

Where and Why to Use the
Router

The 5600 Series router supports multiple or individual users at a remote,
small office or in a home office that is connected via ADSL to a central
office or network service provider.

The drawing below shows several computers (network nodes) attached via

Ethernet cables to an Ethernet hub at the end-user’s office. The hub is
connected to the 5600 Series router. The device is connected to the outside
world (internet) via a telephone jack that has been configured to support
DSL service.

Remote Office,
Home Office

DSL Local
Loop

Hub

5600 ADSL

Router

8

About the 5600 Series DSL Router Efficient Networks, Inc.

Network Access Provider

(Telco or PTT)

Backbone:

ATM/SONET

DSLAM:

DSL termination

Network Service Provider

(ISP, Corporate LAN)

Internet or
Corporate

Remote
Access
Server:

routing,
security

Network

The router can also be connected to a single PC equipped with an Ethernet
card and connected to a DSL phone jack to provide access to the wide
area network (internet).

How to Use this Guide

Refer to the following sections for information on specific topics:

For Information On: See page:

Hardware installa tion requirem ents and proc edure 12

Accessing the router’ s user interface s 15
Configuring the router/bridge 23
Networking terminology and concepts 29
Technical specifications 35

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About the 5600 Series DSL Router

9

10

About the 5600 Series DSL Router Efficient Networks, Inc.

Hardware

Installation

Installation Requirements

To successfully install the 5600 series router, you will need the following:

• A computer equipped with an Ethernet network interface card OR an

Ethernet hub

• A DSL-ready telephone line installed at the installatio n site

• If you want to configure the router via the serial port before placing it

into service on a network, you will need a co mputer that has terminal
emulation software such as Microsoft HyperTerminal or ProComm.

Package Contents

Your package should contain the items listed below. If anything is missing
or damaged, please contact the dealer from whom the equipment was
purchased.

• 5600 series router

• Power supply for either a 220v or a 110v electrical outlet.

• One RJ11 unshielded twisted pair cable (for the DS L connection)

• One RJ45 UTP crossover cable (for connecting to an Ethernet hub)

• One RJ45 UTP cable (for direct Ethernet connection to a PC)

• One serial cable with an RS232 DIN converter (connects to serial port)

• Installation Guide, release notes, and Safety and Certification booklet

RJ45 Ethernet

Connector

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The RJ45
connector
is wider
than the RJ11

RJ11 DSL
Connector

Installation Requirements

11

Installation Instructions

NOTE: The labels for the back panel of the router are located on the
underside of the unit.

1 Be sure the Power switch is in the OFF positio n.
2 Connect the power cable to the power connector on the back of the

router; then connect it to a power outlet.

DSL

Connection

to phone line

Power

(Out=OFF , In=ON)

Ethernet

Connection

to computer

Serial

Port

(optional)

Power
Connection

3 To connect the router directly to the Ethernet port on a PC,

workstation or laptop, use the gray RJ45 cable, which is a

straight-through UTP copper wire cable. The cable labeled “

XOVER”

on one end is a crossover UTP copper-wire cable that must be used
only when connecting the router to an Ethernet hub.

4 Connect one end of an RJ11 telephone cable to the router’s DSL port

and the other end to the DSL service port (wall jack).

Power

RJ11(phone)
Cable

Plug cable
into DSL
wall jack

5 Depress the router’s power button to turn on th e unit.

GRAY RJ45

Ethernet Cable

Computer

Router

12

Installation Instructions Efficient Networks, Inc.

RJ45 Connector Information

RJ45 Connector

removal

lever

The pinout of the router’s Category 3 and 5
UTP jack is different than a standard Ethernet
UTP jack.

Ethernet loopback connectors will not work
on the port and vice versa.

Once the connector is
plugged into a board that is inst alled in a chassis,
the removal lever on the connector may be hard to
reach. Do not try to pull the connector out of the
port without pushing up on the removal lever.

RJ11 Connector Information

The router comes with an RJ11 jack that uses pins 3
and 4. Optionally, the router may be configured to
use pins 2 and 5. If so, the ma rkings on th e outer
casing of the unit will indicate this.

2

1

6

5

4

3

Transmit +

Transmit –
Receive +
Receive –

8

7

RJ11 Jack

Pinout

3 4

1 2 5 6

Router LEDs on Startup

The router is equipped with four LEDs on the front panel: the System

sys), Ethernet LED (enet), ATM LED (atm) and DSL LED (dsl).

LED (

1 First, all four LE Ds light up r ed for a mome nt as the hard ware

initializes. Then, the
when the unit has finished passing diagnostic tests.

2 The dsl LED will flash g reen while the DSL line is training to obatin

the optimum transmission rate. If a DSL link cannot be established,
the LED will flash green and yellow. When the line is trained, the
LED turns solid green.

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sys LED turns solid yellow and then solid green

Installation Instructions

13

3 The enet LED will turn solid green when there is a link detected, then

begin to flash green when Ethernet traffic is flowing.

4 The atm LED w ill flash green indicating traffic flow.

Table 1 Modem LED Indicator Descriptions

sys enet dsl atm

Unlit

Red NA NA DSL Error NA
Yellow

Flashing
Yellow

Flashing
Green

Green/
Yellow

Green

Power not
applied

POST
Phase

POST
Failure

NA Carrier de tected a nd

NA NA DSL is not

Operational Ethernet carri er

No link detecte d NA DSL line is not tr ained

Carrier not detect ed NA NA

Flashes on collisions NA NA

traffic is flowing

detected

The DSL line is
being trained

connected
DSL line is

trained and ready

ATM cell delineation
and traffic flow

NA

ATM cell delineation

14

Installation Instructions Efficient Networks, Inc.

Getting Started

Accessing the Router

There is very little setup required to get your 5600 series ro uter up and
running. The 5600 Series router can be accessed and configured in two
ways:

• Network access via TELNET, HTTP, or FTP

• Local terminal using a serial connection

The router has no password initially right o ut of the box. However, be sure
to set the password to protect it from being modified by users on the

network. Refer to “Setting the Passw ord” on page 24 for details.

Network Access

The easiest way to access the router is through an Ethernet connection
between the host computer and the router. This connection can be directly
between the two devices or over a local area network (LAN) segment.

To access the router via Ethernet, the host computer must be on the same
subnetwork with the router. When you directly connect the router to the
host computer through the Ethernet po rt, the router’s DHCP server will
automatically assign a 10.0.0.2 IP address to your computer, if the
computer is a DHCP client.

Connecting to the router via Ethernet

1 Connect the host to the router’s Ethernet port. Make sure that the enet

LED on the front of the router is green.

2 Make sure that the host computer is configured so that it can be

accessed via Ethernet.

2-a If you are using a PC running Windows 95/98, select Start >

Settings > Control Panel > and click on Network.

2-b Select TCP/IP from the list of installed network components

and select

Efficient Networks, Inc.

Properties.

Accessing the Router

15

2-c Select the IP Address tab and verif y that Obtain an IP

address automatically

button. Click

OK twice.

is selected. If not, then select this

Once you have established an Ethernet link to the router, there are three
methods you can use to access the router.

HTTP Web-browser Access

Most HTML browsers can be used, though Internet Explorer 4.0 or
Netscape 4.0 are recommended. IE 2.0 and Netscape 2.0 and their
predecessors are not supported. The HTML interface can be used to access
the LAN (or WAN) IP address or it can be used with FTP to upload and
download files to and from the router.

To log on to the modem via HTML:

1 Bring up your favorite web browser.
2 Enter the Ethernet IP address of the router (10.0.0.1 or Speedstream)

in the “Location” or “Address” area where you enter web page
addresses.

3 Refer to “HTML Web Interface” on page 20.

TELNET Access

From the local area network you can use TELNET to log in using the
Ethernet IP address. Or, if the unit is configured as a router, it can be
accessed from the WAN using the DSL/WAN IP address. Initially out of
the box, the router has no WAN IP address so only the Ethernet address
can be used for remote access on initial startup.

To log on to the modem via TELNET:

1

If using Windows on a PC, select Start > Programs > Command

Prompt

16

Accessing the Router Efficient Networks, Inc.

. If on a UNIX system, bring up a shell window.

2 When the MSDOS window appears, enter telnet 10.0.0.1 or

telnet speedstream

3 This will bring up a Telnet window which will display th e command

.

prompt for the router’s command line interface.

4 Refer to “Command Line Interface” on page 20 for details on the user

interface.

FTP Access for Firmware/Configuration Uploads

The router provides an FTP server and can accept FTP client commands
from an exter nal host. U sing FTP, you can

• Upload a new revision of the router firmware

• Save the router’s current configuration to a file on the host computer

and then upload the configuration to another 5600 series router.

NOTE: A configuration file saved from a Bridge 1.1.x router can not be
loaded on a router running the Router/Bridge 2.0 firmware. However, a
configuration file saved from a router running Router/Bridge 1.0 can
be uploaded to a router running version 2.0 firmware.

To log into the router via FTP:

1 If using Windows on a PC, select Start > Programs > Command

Prompt

2 When the MSDOS window appears, enter: ftp 10.0.0.1
3 At the User prompt, enter the username “ Anonymous”
4 At the FTP command prompt, type in: binary
5 Refer to “Command Line Interface” on page 20 for details on the user

. If on a UNIX system, bring up a shell window.

interface.

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Accessing the Router

17

To save the current configuration from the router:

1 After logging in to the FTP prompt and switching to binary mode,

change to the directory on your computer where the you wish to store
the configuration file. For example, if it is to be sto red on a floppy
disk, insert the diskette in t he drive and type:

2 Type: get system.cfg

To upload a saved configuration file to the router:

1

After logging in to the FTP prompt and switching to binary mode,

lcd a:\

change to the directory on your computer where the configuration file
is stored. For example, if it is stored on a floppy disk, insert the
diskette in the drive and type:

To back up your current firmware revision:

1 After logging in to the FTP prompt and switching to binary mode,

lcd a:\

change to the location where the firmware file is to be s tored. For
example, if it is to be stored on a floppy disk, type:

2 Type: get exec.img

To download a new revision of firmware:

1 After logging in to the FTP prompt and switching to binary mode,

lcd a:\

change to the directory where the firmware file is stored. For example,
if it is stored on a floppy disk, type:

lcd a:\

2 Type: put 5660.img
3 The router will reboot when download is com plete.

Local Terminal using Serial
Connection

A terminal can be connected directly to the RS232 serial port. This
requires the use of a terminal emulation software package such as
Procomm or Microsoft HyperTerminal. Any standard terminal that

supports baud rates of 9600 or greater can be connected to the modem’s
serial port. By default, the router is configured to communicate at a baud
rate of 38400.

18

Accessing the Router Efficient Networks, Inc.

Logging on via the Serial Port

When you first connect to the router through the serial port, the router will

be in “auto-baud” mode where it is waiting for keyb oard input to set the
baud rate. In the auto-baud mode, the router starts at 9600 baud and looks
for the [
the baud rate increases up to the default rate of 38400.

To log on to the modem via HyperTerminal:

Enter] key being pressed. If the data received is not an [Enter],

1

If using Windows on a PC, select Start > Programs > Accessories >

HyperTerminal.

2 Enter a Connection name and click OK.
3 Select COM1 and click OK.
4 Enter the following parameters:

Bits per second 38400
Data bits 8
Parity None
Stop bits 1
Flow Control None

Click OK.

5
6 When the HyperTerminal window appears, you must press the

[

Enter] key several times to get the “Command->” prompt. The

[

Enter] key may have to be pressed up to 5 times to get the prompt.

Types of User Interfaces

The modem provides two user interfaces:

• HTML interface – provides simple setup screens for quick

configuration and an advanced configuration interface.

• Command-line user interface – allows quick configuration and

provides status and configuration information. Only the command-line
interface is available over the serial port connection.

Efficient Networks, Inc.

Types of User Interfaces

19

HTML Web Interface

The HTML interface for the router first displays a page showing the
current configuration of the router. The first page also provides links to the
following functions:

Simple Setup Presents configuration forms where you can enter

the minimum configuration p arameters needed to
configure the router for use on the network.

Advanced Setup

Leads to a more detailed interface with several
links that allow more in-depth config uration of
functions available on the router. This interface
provides the following links:

• Configuration Procedures

• Status and Statistics

• Command List

Configuration
Summary

Change Mode Switches from router to bridge or from bridge to router

Set Password Sets the login password on the modem. To reset the

Redisplays the tables showing the current router
configuration.

mode.

router to not require a password, do not ente r any text in

the new password fields an d click on Set.

Command Line Interface

The command-line interface is a convenient way to quickly access the
router and perform simple configuration procedures. The command-line
interface is accessible via the serial port using a terminal emulation
package. The command-line is also accessible remotely if you have a
computer that can reach the router using the LAN IP address (Ethernet IP
address) or the WAN IP address.

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Types of User Interfaces Efficient Networks, Inc.

Command Prompt/Error Prompt

The following are the keyboard conventions used during a command
session. Normally, the command line prompt is:

Command->

However, if there has been a “soft” error during power-on self test
(POST), the pro mpt will disp lay as:

post_error->

If you see this prompt, you can connect to the router via serial port and
reboot the router. When the router reboots, the POST error messages will
be displayed to the serial console. Contact Efficient Networks Customer
Support to report the problem.

Command Line Interface Conventions

The following are the keyboard conventions used during a command
session.

At the Command-> prompt:

help Displays the conventions described below.
? Displays the top-level command set.
<cmd> ? Displays help for the command <cmd>. For example, to see

all “set” commands, t ype set ?.

ESC– or ESC+ Scrolls through the last commands executed. Type ENTER to

execute the command displa yed.

CTRL-U Erases the entire line.
[Backspace] Backs up one characte r
[Control-C] Aborts the current command-line entry.
[ESC] Can be used to put the command line into the vi-style line

editing mode.

Some commands have required and optional parameters. If you type the
command name and press [Enter], you will be prompted for each
parameter. When being prompted for a command argument:

+ or - Scrolls through the keywords. This control only works for

arguments that are keywords.

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Types of User Interfaces

21

22

Types of User Interfaces Efficient Networks, Inc.

Configuring the

Router

How do you want to use the Router?

The router is configured with several default config uration settings and
these settings will be appropriate for most in stallations (see page 25 for
default configuration settings). However, to assess whether these settings
will work for you, you need to decide how yo u are planning to use the
router. The flowchart below allows you to choose a simple configuration
procedure to use to configure your router. More complex configurations
can be configured using the Advanced Setup feature of the HTML
interface.

NOTE: Your service provider should have notified you which
encapsulation method to use, PPP or RFC 1483. Refer to

“Encapsulation Methods: PPP and RFC 1483” on page 30 for
descriptions of PPP and RFC 1483.

start

Do you

need a router or

a bridge?

router

Do you want
to use PPP?

NO

Do you want

RFC 1483?

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to use

bridge

YES

YES

Refer to procedure

27

on page

Refer to procedure
on page

26

Refer to procedure
on page

26

finish

How do you want to use the Router?

23

Setting the Password

The router has no password protection as configured from the factory. As
soon as you log into the ro uter, you should set the password. This can be
done from the HTML interface by clicking on the
from the command line interface using the

Password protection can be disabled again by entering the current
password and a blank for the new pas sword. If the password is forgotten,
the router can be set to the factory default state from the serial port during
the boot process.

To reset router to the factory default state:

1 Log into the router through the serial port and get to the command

prompt.

2 Enter the “reboot” command
3 During the boot process, the screen will start displaying a series of

periods (“.”). Enter the word “

default” while the dots are being

displayed.

NOTE: The default boot process will reset all user-configurable
parameters on the router to factory defaults.

It is wise to restrict physical access to the router to prevent the accidental
or malicious defaulting of your configuration.

Set Password link or

set password command.

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How do you want to use the Router? Efficient Networks, Inc.

Factory Default Configuration

The router is shipped from the factory with particular default setti ngs. You
may or may not need to change these depending on what kind of network
the router is installed.

Configurable Item Default Settings

Operating Mode Router
Ethernet Interface IP Address 10.0.0.1

Network Mask 255.0.0.0

IP Gateway (Default Route)
Address

DSL (WAN) Interface IP Address Non e

ATM VPI/VCI Number 0/32
Data Encapsulation Protocol PPP
PPP Authentication Username ENI-Route r

PPP Multiplexing method LLC/SNAP encapsulation
Hostname speedstream
Domain name router.invalid
DHCP server Enabled
DNS Enabled
DNS Resolver or Forwarders None specified
NAPT Enabled
RIP Enabled; uses RIP2 in passive mo de
IP Filtering Disabled
Spanning Tree (bri dge only) Disabled

None

Network Mask None

Password ENI-Router

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How do you want to use the Router?

25

Router PPP Configuration

The modem is configured by default from the factory to be in router mode
using PPP encapsulation. This g reatly simplifies the configuration
procedure.

To configure the router via HTML:

1

On the main page, click on Simple Setup.

2 If your service provider has specified a VPI/VCI number to use, enter

the numbers in the VPI and VCI fields.

3 Enter the PPP username and password specified by your service

provider.

4 Select Set. This will set the new VPI/VCI parameters on the router .

Select

Refresh after a minute or two to see the new configuration.

RFC 1483 Configuration

There are two types of RFC 1483 encapsulation that can be used: RFC
1483 bridged and RFC 1483 rou te d .

RFC 1483 Routed encapsulation operates at the IP layer and will route
only IP packets . RFC 1483 brid ged encapsul ation method handles non -IP
packets, which the unit supports only while configured for use as a bridge.
The method you will use depends on the configuration parameters
specified by your internet service provider.

The procedure that follows assumes that you have a unit that is configured
with factory defaults.

To configure the modem via HTML:

1 On the main page, look in the Configuration Summary table and click

on the title

2 If your service provider has specified a different VPI/VCI number to

Encapsulation Protocol.

use, enter the numbers in the VPI and VCI fields. Otherwise, enter the
default VPI and VCI values.

3 Select the desired RFC 1483 encapsulation.

26

How do you want to use the Router? Efficient Networks, Inc.

4 Select Max as the rate.
5 Enter an IP address and netmask to use for the DSL/WAN interface.
6 Select Modify VC.
7 Select the “Advanced Setup” button in the top left panel.
8 Select the “Command List” button in the top left panel.
9 From the command list on the left, select “ipgateway ”.

10 Enter the “Enter new IP address” field, enter the IP address of an IP

gateway (default route) that is on the same subnet as the router.

11 When the response appears at the botto m of the screen, it will have

link that says “REBOOT REQUIRED”. Cl ick on that link and rebo ot
the router. Select

Refresh after a minute or two to see the new

configuration.

Bridge Configuration

The first thing you must do to use the 5600 series router as a bridge is
change it to bridge mode.

To change mode from the HTML interface:

1 On the first page, select Change to Bridge Mode”.

2 When the display appears, select the radio button labeled Bridge.
3 When the response appears at the bottom of th e screen, it will have

link that says “REBOOT REQUIRED”. Cl ick on that link and rebo ot
the router. Select

Refresh after a minute or two to see the new

configuration.

The only other possible configuration parameters you may need to set
would be the VPI/VCI numbers as specified by your service provider.
When the unit comes back up in bridge mode, select the

Simple Setup

link to configu re it.

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How do you want to use the Router?

27

Testing the Configuration

After completing the configuration process, you may test the operation of
the router by starting a Web browser and accessing a remote web site such
as

http://www.efficient.com. Alternatively, you can open an MS DOS (or

shell) window and issue a “ping <ip_address>” command to a known host
on the wide-area network.

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How do you want to use the Router? Efficient Networks, Inc.

Terminology and

Concepts

Acronyms

ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
ATM Asynchronous Tran sfer Mode
ATU ADSL Termination Unit
CHAP Challenge-Handshake Auth entication Pro tocol
CO Central Office
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DNS Domain Name Service
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
Firmware Software, in binary form, stored within a flash PROM
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
IPCP IP Control Protocol
ISP Internet Service Provider
LCP Link Control Protocol
NAP Netwo rk Access Provider
NAPT Network Address Port Translation
NCP Network-layer Control Protocol
NSP Network Service Provider
OCD Out-of-cell Delineation (ATM error condition)
PAP Password Authentication Protocol
POST Power On Self Test
PPP Point-to -Point P rotocol
PTT Post Teleph one and Telegrap h (European Telc o)
PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit
SOHO Small Office, Home Office
SMTP Simple Mail Transp ort Protocol
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
RIP Routing Information Protocol
RT Remote Termination

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Acronyms

29

Technical Concepts

This section provides very brief descriptions of some of the features
available on the 5600 series router/bridge.

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

DSL describes a family of digital services provid ed by local telephone
companies to local subscribers. There are many forms of DSL:
Asymmetric DSL (ADSL), Symmetric (or single pair) DSL (SDSL), and
many others. The router supports ADSL, which provides rates of up to 6
Mbps downstream from the customer and up to 640 Kbps upstream from
the customer. DSL can carry voice and data signals at the same time in
both directions.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

ATM is a fast, cell-based technology defined by the ITU-T. It works by
taking an ordinary, variable-length data packet and segmenting it into
53-byte cells prior to transmission . The data is transmitted over virtual
channels that are designated by specific unique identifiers (virtual channel
identifiers or VCIs). There can be multiple VCIs in one virtual path. The
virtual path also has a unique virtual p ath identifier (VPI).

Data transmitted over ATM VCs is ro uted by ATM switche s. At the
destination node, the cells are reassembled into packets.

Only one virtual path is supported on the device. In router mode, only one
virtual channel is supported. However, in bridge mode, up to 16 virtual
channels can be configured to be used as individual bridge ports.

Encapsulation Methods: PPP
and RFC 1483

The 5600 series router transmits data via ATM Virtual Channels (VCs).
The data is encapsulated using Poi nt-to-Point Protocol (PPP) or RF C

30

Technical Concepts Efficient Networks, Inc.

1483 encapsulation. A brief explanation of these two encapsulation
methods follows.

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

PPP is a single or multi-link interface between two packet switching
devices, such as a bridge or router. PPP has built-in negotiation for
addresses and connection parameters and can route multiple protocols over
a single link. One benefit of usin g PPP is it offers interoperability of
multi-vendor equipment as well as support for dynamic configuration
between the connecting devices.

RFC 1483

Request for Comment (RFC) 1483 is an int eroperability specification set
by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) that outlines methods for
multiprotocol encapsulation over ATM. RFC 1483 describes two
encapsulation methods for carrying network interconnect traffic over ATM
Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5): Logical Link Control (LLC)/SNAP
encapsulation and VC multipl exing.

By default, the router uses the first method, LLC Encapsulatio n, which
allows multiplexing of multiple p rotocols over a single ATM virtual
circuit. The second method, VC multiplexing, uses a separate VC for each
carried protocol.

This unit supports two types of 1483 encapsulation: route d and br idged.
RFC 1483 Routed encapsulation operates at the IP layer and will route
only IP packets. RFC 1483 bridged encapsulation is supported only when
the unit is operating in bridge mode.

Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHCP)

The router provides two user-configurable Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHC P) modes:

• DHCP server (enabled by default from the factory)

• DHCP relay agent

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Technical Concepts

31

DHCP Relay

The router can be configured to operate as a DHCP relay agent. This
allows local machines on the LAN to acquire their IP addresses via DHCP
requests and replies that are forwarded through the router to/from a DHCP
server on the WAN. In this case, the DHCP requests are forwarded to a
specific DHCP server on the WAN network and the DHCP reply is
forwarded back to the LAN network.

The DHCP relay agent can be configured with a Primary and a Secondary
DHCP Server IP address. The Secondary address is only used if the
Primary is unreachable. Any DHCP requests that are received by the
router are relayed to the Primary DHCP server at the specified IP address.
This DHCP server is then responsible for assigning the DHCP information
to the DHCP client. Typically, this DHCP server will exist in the WAN
space.

DHCP Server

When operating as a DHCP server, the router will dynamically assign IP
addresses to LAN nodes. The DHCP server verifies a device’s identity,
leases it an IP address for a predetermined period of time, and reclaims the
address for reassignment at the end of the lease period. The DHCP server
supports DHCP client hosts on the LAN side only. The router will ignore
all DHCP requests which arrive from the WAN interface.

NOTE: The router has an option to set the Ethernet IP address on the
router and not reboot. When configuring the DHCP server to hand out a
range of addresses on a new subnet and changing the Ethernet IP address
of the router, you must reboot the router. Otherwise, the DHCP server and
the Ethernet IP address currently being used by the router will be out of
sync. In this situation, the router will is sue error messages to the console
and the DHCP server will not be able to properly giv e out addresses.
Always reboot the router when changing the Ethernet IP address; verify
that the DHCP server is configured to give out addresses for the correct IP
subnet of the Ethernet interface.

Domain Name Service (DNS)

The router supports Domain Name Service (DNS) which provides
hostname-to-IP address resolution for LAN-side clients. There are two

32

Technical Concepts Efficient Networks, Inc.

distinct DNS functions provi ded by the router: the DNS resolver and the
DNS server.

DNS Resolver

The DNS resolver is the entity that creates a DNS request for transmission
to a DNS server (which may be co-located in the router or be an external
DNS server). The DNS resolver is only used by certain user interface
commands that allow a hostname argument as well as an IP address
argument.

The DNS resolver requires the user to configure a single DNS server IP
address to which to direct DNS requests. This IP address may be the
router itself in the situation where the DNS server is enabled on the router
or it may be any reachable IP address at which a DNS server is available.

DNS Server

The DNS server is the entity that responds to DNS requests. The DNS
server provides IP address-to-hostname resolution and hostname-to-IP
address resolution for LAN clients via DNS requests. It may also be
configured to provide this service for WAN clients. The DNS server also
supports hostname-to-IP address resolution for user interface commands
where appropriate in response to requests submitted by the DNS resolver.
The DNS server is enabled by default from the factory and provides the

router with the default hostname “speedstream”.

Public and Privat e Networks
and the use of NAPT

An IP address must be unique among all networks reachable from a given
host using the IP protocols. The United States Internet Registry ensures
the uniqueness of the IP addresses on the Internet. The Internet Registry
assigns an entire IP network number to each site connected to the Internet.
Each IP address at a site is unique as long as the site assigns a different
host number to each host on its network. Thus each host is ensured a
globally unique IP address that is known as a public IP address.

However, there has been concern over the eventual exhaustion of the
public address space. This has led the Registry to set aside IP network
numbers for private addressing. These numbers are not assigned to anyone
by the Internet Registry and are open for use by any site. IP addresses are

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Technical Concepts

33

unique within the private address space, but two private address spaces are
not guarante ed unique.

Use of private address spaces has some disadvantages including the need
to re-address any host that must change from a private address to a public
address. Plus the privately addressed hosts are unable to communicate with
all hosts in an internet. These problems can be handled by the use of
Network Address Port Translation (NAPT).

NAPT is an extension to Network Address Translation (NAT). With NAT,
a network address translator (the router, in this case) sits between an

organization’s network and the Internet, or between two organization’s
networks and translates IP addresses from private internal addresses to
globally unique external addresses. NAPT, however, allows many network
addresses and their TCP/UDP ports to be translated to a single network
address and its TCP/UDP ports. With NAPT, a few of your internal hosts
can share a single public address. When a host needs to access the
Internet, the router will translate an address for it. When packets from th e
host are sent to the Internet, the router replaces the internal address with
the external address. When packets come back for that address, the router
reverses the substitution.

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Technical Concepts Efficient Networks, Inc.

Technical Reference

5660 DSL Router/Bridge Specifications

Size 5.5W in. x 7D in. x 1.5H in.

Weight 1.25 lbs. (0.57 Kg)
Power Integrated 110-240 VAC; 50-60 Hz powe r supply; 0.1A @ 110VAC,

Temperature Operating: 0° to 40° C

Humidity Operating humidity: 10% to 90% no ncondensing

Ringer
Equivalency

Performance Meet s or exceeds req uirements for T1E1. 4 line connected

Cabling Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Category 3, 4, or 5
Local Console RS232 using Mini DIN (38400 baud defau lt)

(14W cm x 17.8D cm x 3.8H cm)

0.05A @ 240VAC

Non-Operating, storage: -10°C to 85° C

Non-operating storage h umidity: 5% to 95% non-condensi ng
REN=0.8B

equipment for noise, line balance, return loss, reach and line
disturbance.

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5660 DSL Router/Bridge Specifications

35

5621 DSL Router/Bridge Specifications

Size 5.5W in. x 7D in. x 1.5H in.

Weight 1.25 lbs. (0.57 Kg)
Power Integrated 110-240 VAC, 50-60 Hz power supply 0.2A @ 110VAC,

Temperature Operating: 0° to 40° C

Humidity 10% to 90% noncondensing

Ringer
Equivalency

Performance Meets or exceeds requirements for T1E1.4 line connected

Cabling Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Category 3, 4, or 5
Local Console RS232 using Mini DIN (38400 baud default)

(14W cm x 17.8D cm x 3.8H cm)

0.1A @ 240VAC

Non-Operating, storage: -10°C to 85° C

Non-operating storag e humidity: 5% to 95% non-con densing
REN=0.8B

equipment for noise, line b alance, return loss, reach and line
disturbance. DMT: up to 640 Kbps upstr eam; up to 6.144 Mbps
downstream

36

5621 DSL Router/Bridge Specifications Efficient Networks, Inc.

Index

Numerics

3020/3060 connector information 13
5621 humidity 36
5621 weight 36
5660 humidity 35
5660 weight 35

A

Accessing the modem

17

FTP
HTTP 16
TELNET 16

ATM VCI number, default 25

B

Bridge Configuration 27

C

Cabling 11, 35, 36
Configuration

configuration, saving 18
configuration, uploading 18

testing

28

D

E

Encapsulation 25
Encapsulation Protocol 26
Ethernet connection to modem 15
Ethernet Interface

IP address

Ethernet interface

network mask

25

25

F

Firmware download 18
FTP access 17

H

Hardware

installation

Hostname default configuration 25
HTML access 16
HTTP access 16
Humidity 36

11

I

Internet Registry 33
IP Filtering

default configuration

25

Default ATM configuration 25
Default Configuration 25
Default mode 25
default password 20
DHCP

default configuration

DNS

default configuration

Domain name default configuration 25
Download firmware 18

Efficient Networks, Inc. Index 37

25
25

L

Local Console specification 35, 36
Local terminal 18

N

NAPT

default configuration

Network access to the modem 15
Network Address Translator (NAT) 34

25

Network addresses

public vs private

33

T

O

Operating temperature 35, 36

P

password protection 20
Performance 35, 36
Power 35, 36
Power switch 12
PPP Authentication default configuration

25

PPP encapsulation 26
PPP Encapsulation default configuration

25

PPP interface

IP address
network mask 25

Private network

addresses

public network addressing 33

25

33

R

Reset password 20
RFC 1483 bridged 26
RFC 1483 routed 26
Ringer Equivalency 35, 36
RIP

default configuration

RJ11 connector 11
RJ45 connector 11
Router

where to install

25

8

TELNET access 16
Temperature 35, 36
terminal connection 18

U

Uploading modem configuration 18

V

VCI, default 25

W

WAN interface 25

S

Saving modem configuration 18
Serial connection 18
Size of router 35, 36
Spanning Tree

default configuration

38 Index Efficient Networks, Inc.

25