EAI TR-20 Operator's Reference Manual

COMPUTER·

©

ELECTRONIC

ASSOCIATES.

1NC.

1964

DPERATDR'S

•

PR1NTED

IN

U.S.A.

REFERENCE

HANDBODK

•

PUBL.

NO.

00

800.2003-1

•

.JUNE

1967

The

table
readers
all

are
applicable

below

of

this

lists

manual.

maintenance

to a particular

RELATED

other

publications

Unless

handbooks.

system

PUBLICATIONS

which
otherwise
Note

that

are

indicated

maintenance

normally

may

be

by

supplied

of

interest

title

or

handbooks

with

the

to

the

footnote,

directly

system.

Handbook

TR-20

Maintenance

Repetitive

Models

of

Analog

Operation

34.034

Title

Computation

Manual

Display

and

34.035

Units,

Pub"lication

800.0001-3

00
00

800.2006-0

00

800.2024-1

Nl.nllber

In

order

to

and

efficiently,

enable

we

1.

us

to

request

Please

process

the
scription
items
lays,

2.

When

solvers,

please

ment
Console,

Serial

clude
under

Your

cooperation

and

aid

in

assuring

It

is

the

policy

ble

to the requ':.:rements
prohibitive cos:is
ponents,
this
concur

fied

taining

etc.,

instruction;. manual, which has

in

its

person

the

in

supplying'the

that

nf

Electronic

of

custom

wherever

cr:Jnte.nt

wirJ

equ~pment

find

with

the

actually

your

your

conformance

specify

basic

unit
of

the

such

as

transformers,
inquiring

networks,

specify

with

which

Type

No. 000,

the

purchase

which

the

required

the

correct

Associates,

of

the

individual

design, by

necessary

the

equipment,supplied. It

manual a fully

supplied.

NOTIC

requests

for

with

the

type

number

as

well

as

the

part

when

potentiometer

preciSion

about

items

printed

the

serial

the

units

8811,

Memory

etc.

If

at

order

equipment

information

items

are

supplied.

Inc. to supply

customer.

substituting

to

expedite

been

written

adequate guide

E

spare

parts

the

following

and

serial

EAI

part

inquiring

about

assemblies

resistors,

as

servo

circuit

numbers

are

to

be

assemblies,

of

used,

Module,

all

possible,

or

the

EAI

was

originally

will

equipment

This

new

components,

conformance

to

cover

standa'rd equipment,

is

felt,

in

understanding, operating, and

and

replacement

procedure:

number

number

and

replacement

or

cups,

etc.
multipliers,
the

major

such

Type

4.204,

please

project

number

procured.

speed

the

patterned

is

accomplished,

with

requirements.

however,

of

de­re-

re-

etc.,

equip-

as:
in-

processing

as

zt'ithout

modifying

that a

items

quickly

of

your

closely

incurring

standard

As a result,

may

not

entirely

technically

requests

as

possi-

com-

quali-

main-

the

Electronic
the
or

ments

any
them
tured.

M226-3

right

to

to

make

in

its

obligation

on

products

Associates,

make

changes

additions

product

upon

itself

previously

Inc.

in

to

or

without

to

reserves

design,

improve-

imposing

install

manufac-

PRINTED

IN

U.S.A.

EASTERI,

REGION

Eastern

Regional

Long

Brar.::".
Special
West

Lon>:

Customer
Branch.
Northeastern

SOUTHEASTERN
Southeastern

CENTRAL
Central
Cleveland

SOUTHERN
Southern
Houston
Huntsville

WESTERN

Western

San

Francisco

EASTERN
Eastern

West

Long
Northeastern
Princeton.
Resident

SOUTHEASTERN
Southeastern

CENTRAL

Central
Cleveland
Resident

SOUTHERN
Southern
Houston
HuntSVille
Resident

WESTERN REGION
Western
213-322·3220,
Western
phone:

San

Francisco

Denver
Resident
Beach,

CANADA

Toronto

Princeton
Los

Angeles

San

Francisco

Washington.

Research

Engineering

Long

Manufacturing

West

Instrument

Pacific

Scientific

UNITED
Electronic
PACE

BURGESS
Northern

SWEDEN

EAI·Electronic
Cable: PACE STOCKHOLM

EUROPEAN
EAI-European
18-40-04,

FRANCE

EAI-Electronic

GERMANY
EAI.Electronic

AUSTRALIA

EAI-Electronic

Sydney

Victorian

JAPAN

EAI-Electronic

Telex:

Electronic
PACE BURGESS

European
Telex: 2.21-106.

United

5101-10.
Australian

Office:

N. J.

System

Department:

Branch,

N. J.

Services:

1';. J.

Regional

213-322-3220,

California

Branch.
Long

Data

Burgess

7814285.

West

District

REGION

Regional

REGION

Office:

District

Office:

REGION

Regional

Office:

District

Office:

District

Office:

REGION

Regional

Office:

District

REGION

U.S.

Headquarters:

Branch,

N.

District

New

Jersey:

Field

Engineers:

REGION

Regional

REGION

Regional

Office:

District

Office:

Field

Engineers:

REGION

Regional

Office:

District

Office:

District

Office:

Field

Engineers:

U.S.

Headquarters:
TWX

910·348-6284

U.S.

Headquarters:

District

Area:

70

South

Field

Engineers:

Office:

Allan

Computation

Computation

Computation

D.C.

Computation

and

Computation

Department:

N;.

J. .

Ilepartment:

Brani:h,

. Other Departments, Divisions and Subsidiaries

Division:

Systems,

Instruments

KINGDOM & SCANDINAVIA

Associates.

Hill

HILL

Area

Office:

Associates·AB:

CONTINENT

Continental

Telex:

2.21·106.

Associates

Associates

& NEW

Associates,

Office:

34

Associates,

Cal'.,,: EAIJAPACE

Associates.

H:LL

Computation

Cat:e:

Kingdom

Computation

Telex:

871·183. Cabie: PACE

Computation

West

Long

Office:

Office:

33166

6741

7007

1500

Office:

J.

Office:

U.S.

Office:

3166

6741

7007

TWX

Office:

Benton

Crawford

Center:

N. J.

Lon!:

Inc.:

Department:

Ltd.:

Roberts

GM8H:

ZEALAND

Queens

Ltd.:

Center:

PACE9ElG

Center:

UNITED

Long

West

Long

Branch.

875

Providence

12260

Des
Ridge

3514

Cedar

Gulf

Freeway,

Holiday

Office

East

4151

West

Long

875

Providence

Route

Bedford.

12260

Des

Ridge

Detroit,

Michigan/Pittsburgh,

3514

Cedar

Gulf

Freeway,

Holiday

Office

San

Antonio,

CUSTOMER
CUSTOMER

910-348-6284

4151

Drive,

Edwards,

Associates.

U.S.

Center:

1500

Center:

Center:

Division

West

Long

West

Long

BranCh.

1058

East

Burgess

House.

Hagavagen

Regional
Cable:

PACEBELG

SARL:

72-74.

5100

Ply

.•

Ltd.:

Road,

(Japan)

Burgess

Centre

Center:

34

STATES AND

Branch.

N. J

..

Branch.

N. L Tel:

N.

J.,

Tel:

HiJ<hway.

Wilkins

Avenue.

Plaines

Ave ..

Road,

Parma,

Springs

Road,

Room

Center,

Imperial

Highway,

Middlefield

No.1.

Mass.!Florham

Plaines

Road.

CUSTOMER

Branch.

N.

Highway.

Princeton,

Wilkins

Avenue.

Ave.,

Des

Road,

Parma,

Springs

Road.

Room

Center.

Suite

Texas/Alamogordo,

REPAIR
SERVICES

Middlefield

California/Pasadena,

Route

4151

Denver,

East

Middlefield

12260

Ltd.,

No.

Imperial

Wilkins

Road,

Colorado,

1.

Des

65

CANADIAN

Marketing

SALES

Te!:

201·229·1100,

201·229-1100,

201-229·1100.

Dedham,

Rockville.

Plaines.

Ohio,

Tel:

Room

211,

128,

Houston,

Suite

2,

3322

EI

Segundo,

Palo

Alto.

SERVICES

J ..

Tel:

201-229·1100.

Dedham.

New

Jersey,

Park,

N.

J./Washington,

Rockville.

Plaines.

Ohio,

Telephone:

Pennsylvania/Dayton,

Dallas,

Texas.

128,

Houston.

14,

3322

New

FACILITY.

1500

FACILITY,

Palo

Alto,

Telephone:

California/Moffet

Martin

Ross

COMPUTATION

Princeton,

New

Highway,

Road,

Palo

Avenue,

Division

OFFICE

TWX

Massachusetts.

Maryland,

Illinois,

216-842·1840

Dallas,

Texas,

South

California,

Massachusetts.

P.O.

Maryland,

Illinois,

Texas,

South

Mexico/Tulsa,

1500

California,

Avenue,

CENTERS
Jersey,

EI

Rockville,

Research and Computation Division

H.adquarters:

Engineering and

Branch,

New

Jersey.

First

4151

Hill,

Manchester

Office:

rue

Aachen,

26

Melbourne

Inc.:

Hill.

Brussels

Electronic

BURGESS

Queens

U.S.

N. J

.•

Branch,

N.

J.,

Tel:

201-229-4400,

Street,

Santa

Middlefield

INTERNATIONAL

SALES &

CUSTOMER

Sussex,

England,

Road,

14,

Solna

3,

Centre

International,

Brussels

de

la

Tombe

Bergdriesch

Albany

St.,

S. C. 2.

9th

Mori

Building,

ENGINEERING

Sussex,

England,

COMPUTATION

International,

Associates,

HILL

Road,

Melbourne

Route

Tel:

201-229-1100,

Tel:

Road,

Altrincham,

Sweden,

Issoire,

Leonards,

Australia,

22nd

Ana.

AND

No.

Manufacturing

201-229·1100,

TWX

California.

Palo

OPERATIONS

SERVICES

Tel:

Burgess

Tel:

22nd

Paris

37,

West

N.S.W.

1·3

Shiba-Atagocho,

MANUFACTURING

Tel:

Burgess

CENTERS

Floor,

Ltd

..

S.C. 2.

TWX

TWX

510·239-9208.

Tel:

Texas.

Tel:

Memorial

California,

OFFICES

Box

Tel:

216-842-1840

Telephone:

Telephone:

Memorial

East

Imperial

East

303-233-0818

Downsview

P.O.
Segundo,
Alto,

California,

Maryland,

I,

Princeton.

TWX

510·239·9208,

Alto,

California.

Cheshire,

Stockholm

Floor,

'14e,

Germany,

Australia,

Tel:

26·1329,

Hill

Place

Rogier,

Burgess

Australia.

OPERATIONS

510·239·9208.

510·239·9208.

Teiex

Tel:

617-326-6756

Tel:

301·933-4100

312-296-8171

Tel:

214-528-4920

713·MI-4-3678

Parkway.

Tel:

213·322·3124,

Tel:

415-321-0363.

TWX

510-239-9208.

Telephone:

582,

Telephone:

D.C./Baltimore,

Telephone:

312-296-8171

Ohio/Warren.

214-528-4920

713-MI

Parkway,

OklahomalHouston.

Highway,

Imperial

Highway,

TeleptlOne:

Field,

California/Douglas

OntariO,

Box

582.

California,

Tel:
Tel:

New

Jersey,

Division

510-239-9208.

TWX

510-239·9208,

714·547·9183,

OFFICES

(Sussex)

Tel:

82-40-96;

Place

France.

Tel:

Cable:

Minato-Ku.

(Sussex)

Hill.

Tel:

Cable:

Tel:

Altrincham

Rogier.

Tel:

Aachen 2 6042;

Tel:

Brussels
Sussex,

26-1329,

Tel:

Hill

Telex

01-26655,

Telex

01-26655.

01-26655,

Cable

Huntsville,

TWX

TWX

910·373-1241

Telex

01-26655.

617·326-6756

609-452·2900

Md.!Eatontown,

301-933-4100

Michigan

4-3678

Huntsville,

Texas.

EI

Segundo,

EI

Segundo,

415·321-0363,

Canada,

Tel:

609-452-2900

Tel:

213-322-3220,

415·321-7801.

301-933-4100

P.O.

Box

Telex

01-26655,

Telex

01-26655.

PACE

West

TWX

82-40·97,

Brussels

535.01.07

Tokyo

1.

Belgium.

England.

Cable:

714·531·0188

5201-5,

5426

Telex

1.

26041.

Melbourne

2,

5201·5,

Tel:
PACEAUS.

415·321·7801.

5101-10,

43-1557. 43-2705,
PACEAUS,

5101-10.

Cable:

PACE

Ala.,

Tel:

910·348·6284

N. J.

Ala.,

Tel:

California,

California,

TWX

910-373-1241

Aircraft.

Tel:

416-636-4910

TWX

TWX

415-492-9211

582,

Tel:

Cable:

Long

TWX

910-373·1241

Telex:

Stockholm

Belgium.

Telex

Cable:

Japan;

Telex:

Tel:

Brussels

Burgess

PACE

Cable:

West

205·881·7031

Cable:

205-881-7031

Telephone:

Huntington

910-348-6284

609-452-2900

PACE

Cable:

Branch.

87183.

Tel:

Brussels

832.676

PACEAUS,

Tel:

433-4671,

87183.

18-40·04.

Hill

(Sussex)

Melbourne

West

PACE

Long

PACE

Tele·

West

PACE

N.

Cable:

10064,

eai

Cable:

J.

d

AND

u.eORATORY

MILITARY

ASSOCIA

I

~LECTRONIC

ADVANCED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
PLOTTERS/SIMULATION SYSTEMS/SCIENTIFIC
TlON SYSTEMSITEST

Printed

in

U.S.A.

A~D

AND CHECK-OUT

COMPUTATION SERVICES/ANALOG COMPUTERS/DIGITAL COMPUTERS/HYBRID ANALOG-DIGITAL COMPUTATION

SYSTH'S

TES,

INSTRUMENTS/INDUSTRIAL

AND

INDUSTRIAL

RESEARCH

I

NC.

West

Long

Branch,

New

PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS I PHOTOGRAMMETRIC

AND

DEVELOPMENT SERVICES/FIELD ENGINEERING

Jersey

EQUIPMENTiANALOG

EQUIPMENT / RANGE

AND

EQUIPMENT

INSTRUMENTA·

MAINTENANCE

AND DIGITAL

SERVICES.

Bulletin

June,

No.

IL·64104-6

1966

MANUAL REViSION

NOTICE

*

ELECTRONIC ASSOCIATES INC.

LONG

BRANCH

NEW JERSEY

PAGE

TEM

PARA

~

Included

strip
labels

computing

of

in
100

may

be

components

the

accessory

pressure

attached

REVISION

items

sensitive

to

the

associated

shipped

labels

connector

with

with

(EAI

blocks

a

particular

each

00

342.0572-0).
to

computer

identify

problem.

is

the

a

These

DATE

3/30/65

MANUAL

TITLE

TR-20

P l<'k'l<'P

COMPUTER OPERATORS

k'l\Tr

l<'

U

1\

* THIS MANUAL REVISION NOTICE IS ISSUED TO INCORPORATE IMPROVEMENTS

CHANGES OF ROUTINE

OR

MINOR NATURE IN

THE

SUBJECT MANUAL.

l\Tn

p'oOJ(

OR

REViSION
NO.

NOTICE

65-13

SH. 1 OF 1 SH.

6.

QUARTER-SQUARE

~.

General

b.

Multiplication......................................

£.

Division.

7.

X2

DIODE

CONTENTS

MULTIPLIER

Description

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • .

FUNCTION

(Cont)

......•••................•.•..•

....••.•••.••.•..•.....•.••.•

GENERATOR

••.

• . • • .

••

•..•.••••.•.••.••••••••••.

...•

. . • • • • • . • . • •

,..

26

26

26

26

28

8.

9.

10.

General

a.

Generating

E..

Polarity)

Generating

LOG X DFG

a.

General

E..

Pa

tching

VARIABLE

a.

General

b.

Setup

£.

Setup

d.

Paralleling

SIGNAL

COMPARATORS

Description

the

Square

..•..•••..•.•....••.•.•...•..•...

of

an

Input

........•..•••...••••..•••..••..•.•.•••••

the

AND

1/2

LOG X DFG

Square

of

an

Input

..............................

Description.................................

•...•..•....••.•..•.••......••....•.....•••.

DIODE

Procedure

Procedure

FUNCTION

Description

(Fixed
(Variable

Fixed

AND

GENERATOR

..•...••.•.•....•......•...••••••

Breakpoint

Breakpoint

Breakpoint

FUNCTION

SWITCHES

Voltage

Voltage

GROUPS

VDFG's)

VDFG's

(Single

(Bi-Polar).

2.645

AND

•••••••••••

VDFG's)

••.••.•.

...•..•..•.....•.

•.•...•••••.•.•.

2.713.

28

29
29
29
29

32
32

32

34

34

46

47

a.
b.
c.

Relay

Electronic
Dual

Comparator

Function

ii

..•••••••••••.•.......•.•••...•.•...

Comparator

Switch

.••

,............................

Group

2.127

...•.........•...•••

47
47
50

CONTENTS

(Cant)

APPENDIX
APPENDIX
APPENDIX

APPENDIX

11.

12.
I ­II -CIRCUITS

REPETITIVE

~.

General

~.

Using

DISPLAY

COMPUTER

SYMBOLS

USING

III -AMPLIFIER

FlJN'CTIONS

IV -

BIBLIOGRAPHY

OPERATION

Description

Repetitive

NETWORKS

COMPUTATIONAL

CIRCUITS

••••••••••••••••••••

FOR

......................

...................

Operation

COMPONENTS

SIMULATING

TRANSFER

0 0

••••••••••••

53
53

54

54

AI-l

AII-l

AIII-l

AIV-l

iii/iv

Figure
Number

1.

The

TR-20

Desktop

ILLUSTRATIONS

Title

Analog

Computer

with

Display

Units

••

4

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

Inserting
The

6.712

Plug s .....

The

TR-20

Readout

An

At

tenua

the

Dual

Control

Circuit,

tor
Schematics
Operational

Patching

an

Simplified

Patching

an

Showing

Quarter-Square

Division

Circuit

Pre-Patch

DC

Amplifier,

0 • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 0

Panel

Simplified

Panel

0

•••••••••••••••

Schematics

••••••••..•••••••••••••••

Showing Use

of

0

••••••••••••••

Bottle

••••••••••••••••

•••••••••• ' •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

and

Symbols
Amplifier,
Amplifier

Schematic

Amplifier

Simplified

Multiplier

for a Quarter-Square

for

Attenuators

Simplified

as

an

Integrator~

of

an

to

a Rep-Op

Schematic

Patching

Block

Integrator

Integrator,

of

Integrator

. .................. .

••••••••••••••••
Diagram
Showing

Network

Network

Multiplier

. ..... .

.•

••••••

9

11

14

18
18

20

23

25

27

30

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

X2

DFG

Patching

Generating
Patching

VDFG

Mounting

±VDFG

Sample

Patching

Function

Breakpoint

+

Variable

SBItlP

le

Breakpoint

. ..................................... .

X2

+

10

the

Log

Locations

•••••••.•••••••••••••

and
Setup
Breakpoint

Curve s •••

Location

for

-10 ~ X ~ +10

X

DFG

t s

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

••••••••••••••••••••

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

e

•••••••••••••••••••

Setup

Patching

0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Plot

Information

•••••••••••••••••

. ........................... .

Diode

Function

Patching

Generator

•••••••••••••••••••••

30

31

32
33

35

36

38

40

42

v

Figure
Number

ILLUSTRATIONS

Title

(Cont)

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

Function
Relay

40.538
Comparator

Electronic

12.987

Comparator,

Patching

Electronic

Display

Setup

Patching

Simplified

......................................

Comparator
Unit,
Switch

Functional

Unit,

Network

Patching

. ........................ .

Diagrams

Unit

Block

Functional

Terminal

and

Setup

. .............. . 49

Diagram

Block

Diagram

Functions

44

. 48

51

52

55

vi

CHAPTER

I

INTRODUCTION

Many

problems
equations
cally

Analog

permits

impossible

Computer

the

Although

computations
Instead
tinuous

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variables

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serial

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represent
of

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similarity

This

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relationship

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behavior

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to

obtain

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required

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current

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model

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The

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each

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equations.

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Thus,

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DESCRIPTION

TR-20

and

precision

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THE

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components.

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CHAPTER

COMPUTER

is a general

The

TR-20

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COMPUTING

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purpose

compact

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COMPONENTS

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Table

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Figure

4

1.

The

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Desktop

Analog

Computer

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Display

Units

TABLE

I.

TR-20

COMPONENTS

GROUP

1

2a

2b
3a
3b
4a
4b
4c
4d

5a

COMPUTING

Dual
Dual

Dual

DC

Amplifier

Integrator

Repetitive
Quarter-Square
Bi-Po1ar
X2 Diode
Log X

1/2

Log X

Quarter-Square
Function

Diode

Diode
Sine/Cosine
Variable

Diode

Consists

-Variable
+Variab1e
VDFG

Readout

COMPONENT

Network
Operation

Multiplier

Generator

Function

Function

Function

Function

of:

Diode
Diode

Module

COMPONENTS

(Non Rep-Op)

Integrator

Multiplier

Generator

Generator

Generator

Generator

Function
Function

Generator

Generato~

Network

Group

MODEL

NUMBER

6.712

12.1116

12.1115

7.045

7.137*

16.101

16.126

16.133

16.313/1016.004*

2.713

16.154-1

16.156-1

16.310

5b

5c

6a
6b
6c
6d

Variable

Consists

+Variab1e

-Variable

VDFG

Variable

Consists
+Variab1e

VDFG
Attenuator
Attenuator
Attenuator
Attenuator

Diode

of:

Diode
Diode

Readout

Diode

of:

Diode

Readout

Group

Group
Group
Group

Function

Function
Function

Module

Function

Function

Module

Generator

Generator

Generator

Generator

Generator

Group

Group

2.645-0

16.304-1

16.306-1

16.308

2.748

I

16.165-1

16.310

42.183

42.187

42.188

2.128

5

GROUP

COMPONENT

MODEL
NUMBER

7a

7b

Tc

8a

8b

COMPUTING

Consists

Attenuator

Readout
Reference
Tiepoint
Dual

Function

Consists
Function

Readout

Relay

Comparator

Electronic

of:

Panel

Module

Network

Network

Switch

of:
Switch

Module

Comparator

COMPONENTS

Group

Assembly

(Cont)

42.

185

12.265

12.266

12.267

2.127

20.366

12.264

6.143

40.538

9

10
11

12

POWER

Regulated
Reference
Dual

DC

OPTIONAL

Repetitive

Consists
High
Repetitive
Dual

AND

REFERENCE

Power

Supply

Regulator

Amplifier

COMPONENTS

Operation

of:

Speed

Repetitive
Operation

Repetitive

SUPPLIES

AND

ACCESSORY

Expansion

Operation

Timing

Operation

EQUIPMENT

Group

Control

Unit

Integrator

Panel

Networks

10.179

43.037

6.282

2.246

20.532

36.082

12.1115

6

GROUP

COMPONENT

MODEL
NUMBER

13

14

15

16

17
18
19

20
21

22

OPTIONAL

Display
Reactor

Transport

Audio

S
Patching

Service

AC

Pre-Patch
Rep-Op

lave

Power

Overload

Cable

COMPONENTS

Unit**
Kinetics

Delay

Kit

Shelf

Cable

Panel

Slave

Panel

AND

Group

Simulator

Alarm

AUXILIARY

ACCESSORY

EQUIPMENT

EQUIPMENT

12.987

2.475*

2.448*

13.017

510.038

100.007

51.039

51.040
5

..

235

20.567

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operator

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*These
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1

2

computer·.

Components

Component

VARIPLOTTER®
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40.538

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to

7

a.

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Figure

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that

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obtainable

clearing

indicated
may

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in

either

be

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a

check

they

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might

amplifier

alarm

overload

illuminated

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with

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with

sounds

something

components.

unless

overloads

for

other

of

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to

of

amplifier

return

be

below

system

alarm

whenever

20

operational
plus

an

an

audible

they
from

amplifier

than

continue

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especially

can

be

balanced

one

that

is

located

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audio

alarm

is

wrong

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are

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the

computer

soon

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21

~10.00

volts,

amplifiers

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balance

normal

sensitive

division.

indicates

their

amplifiers;

reference

overload

when

with

no
by

they

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an

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on

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after

to

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frequent

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ampli-

lamps

amplifiers

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amplifier

done

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noticed.

of

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indicates

period

de-

a

21

is

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patching,

to

high

the

of

affect
lit,

however,

assigned

purpose

3.

READOUT

The

operating
sloping
Figure

(2)

the

problem

amplifier,

of

the

control

4.

The

Overload

solution.

may

cause

thus

alarm

FACILITIES

controls

panel

functions

of

the

causing

system.

AND

for

area

of

unassigned

However,

operator

MANUAL

the

readout

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the

controls

an

erroneous

MODE

the

arnpiifiers

the

fact

to

overlook

CONTROLS

and

mode

computing

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that

an

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control
component

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circuits

cradles

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and

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defeating

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lamps

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the

on

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or

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12

Control

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Power

Mode

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Voltmeter

Control

NULL
Switch,

VM

POT

Jack

Amplifier

(AMPL

ON-OFF

Function

Range

and

+lO/OFF/-lO

Selector

SEL)

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Switch,

Switch,

Reference

S4

SS

Switch,

Selector

(53)

Switch,

S2

Sl

s6

Controls

power

is

Controls
Positions

Controls
POT BUS, NULL,

Selects
ranges
provided.

Used
sure

Provides
when
NULL

Selects
balancing.

application

supply

illuminated

the

are

voltmeter

sensitivity

of

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in

conjunction

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for

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VM

an

position

amplifier

of

of

the

computer.

when

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RESET,

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power

operation.
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for

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by

the

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Function

primary

HOLD,

voltmeter.

3,

null

inputs

for

ac
The

is

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mode

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of

and

OPERATE.

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BAL.

10,

and

the

voltmeter

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to

Switch

output

power

voltmeter

the

computer.

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30

volts

to

method.

the

voltmeter

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in

monitoring

to

are

scale

the

the

are

mea-

or

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OUT

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a.

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readout
connecting
potentiometer
The

function

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amplifiers.

of

the

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amplifier
SEL

switch
positions
amplifiers
movement.

Jack

Indicators,

Readout

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the

voltmeter

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of

is

rotated

are

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21

and

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Facilities

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related

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IND

consist

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used

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balanced,

to

connected

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of

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to

measure

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switch

the

meter

the

diodes

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facilitates

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fier

a

sensitive

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voltages

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Function

(S6)

(Figure

reads

stabilizers

to

the

in

monitoring

an

when

voltmeter,

in

the

described

Switch

is

used

Sa).

zero.

of

stabLlizers

parallel

to

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wiper

connecting

overload

illuminated.

computer,

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the

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below.

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to

select

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balance

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the

20

operational

of

with

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of

any

or

measuring

in

selector

and a precision

is

used

the
potentiometer

the

plus

meter

1

the

the

when

to

AMPL

amplifier

associated

switches

balancing

stabilizer

20

of

amplifiers;

and

minus

protect

SEL

sWitch;

output

equipment.

ampli-

for

ten-turn

method.

output

of

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the

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reference

the

meter

to

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13

STAB. OUT,

I ,

I

II

II

I
I
I
I
I

I

STAB.

OUT,

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II

AMP.

AMP.

,+REF

,

-REF

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#1

#2

#20

AMP.

AMP.

[JJ

---0

[TI

---:-

........

0 I

I 0 0

: IpOT BUS] 0

1201

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---0

1221

---0

NULg

FUNCTION SWITCH

~

0 I

VOLTMETER

SI

AMPL.I

R8

8.2K

50-0-50

CRI

CR2

10500

jJa

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S6

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SEL]

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OUT

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b)

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POSITION

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I 0

10

VOLTMETER

IAMPL.I

0

SI

OJ

~

0

IBALI

-

10FFI

0

VOLTMETER

RANGE SWITCH

S2

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IpOT BUS I 0

Figure

5.

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Simplified

Schematics

14

o

VOLTMETER

FUNCTION SWITCH

SI

(e)

Circuits

VM

VOLTMETER

RANGE

POSITION

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o

SWITCH

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50

-0-50
10500

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a -

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o I

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1+101

0 0

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S3

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FUNCTION SWITCH

SI

(d)

r--------------------------

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I
I

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2K

~

0

5QJ

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S3

R9

2.2K

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NULL

POSITION

VOLTMETER

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BUS

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I I

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I 0 0 I

R9

2.2K

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I

II

II

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6_

INULLI

POT

RIO

READOUT

SWITCH

ATTEN.

12.265

L

________________________

CONTROL PANEL

20.734

(e)

POT

B:..s

POSITION

'------+---=----=---e-

~

i

...

TO

ATTENUATORS

OTHER

The

;21PL

in

Figure

volt=eter

range
to

the

for

AMPL

equipment-.
The

VM

position
Voltmeter
on

the

voltmeter.

The

NULL

with

in

to
side
that

respect.to

Figure

one

side

of

supplies

measured.

the

turns-counting
voltage;
null

comparison
scale.
source
source

being

has

decrease

position

Sb

where

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o

the

OUT

Range

position

Sd.

of

the

meter.

.The

the

position

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important

measured

no

the-

sensitivity

of

the

the

Voltmeter

voltmeter.

jack

so

of

the

switch

of

Sl

the

computer

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voltage

the

meter.

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reference

NULL

POT

dial

method

feature

effect

in

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output

that

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(Figure

provides

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Note

amplifier

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switch

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Function

Sc).

a

reference

to

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measured

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wiper
Reference
voltage

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on

of

S3

of

voltage

varied

the

indicates

Selector

with

NULL

measurement

of

the

once a balance

the

measurement.

of

the

meter

Function

selected

is

the

outputs

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means

voltage.
of

the

until

POT

the

method

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to

switch

amplifier

used

wiper

of

switch

patched

of

accurately

is

patched

the

NULL

switch

same

the

polarity

meter

indicates

polarity

is

is

that

attained.

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large

unbalanced

establishes

to

select

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can

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of

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Thus

source

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convenient

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into

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measuring
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to

the

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zero.

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unknown
to

current

the

resistance

resistance,

conditions.

the

circuit

the

input

full-scale

switch

with

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VM

jack

jack

is
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to

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jack

voltage

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to

to

of

and

the

the

to
position
the

voltage.

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drawn

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to

connected

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is

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other

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of

unknown

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of

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readout
comparison
depressed,
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uator

same

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and

stopping

switch
relays
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The

controls
of

computing

integrators

BUS

position

circuit

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+10

to

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adjusted

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Control

the

of

is

connected

When

volts

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NULL

pot

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bus.

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as

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Mode

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switch

computer

the

operation
integrators.
components

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controlled

Sl

is

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connected

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is

set

the

meter

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(8S)

solutions

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except

used

to

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pushbutton

to

the

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to

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on

the

Control

and

of

of a circuit

switch
the

integrators

as

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setting
the

voltage

switch

top

of

Selector

desired

zero.

Panel

establishing

which

positions

attenuators

on

associated

the

attenuator,

switch,

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The

attenuator

provides

initial
actuates
are

RESET,

are

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the

pot

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S3

must

coefficient.

a

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the

HOLD,

bus
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and

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reset

in

Se).

by

the

attenuator

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wiper

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in

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set

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and

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and

OPER

all

three

The

null

is

is

+10

atten-

to

the

(operate).

modes.

IS

RESET

HOLD

OPER

4.

ATTENUATORS

One

of

the

accomplished

that
potentiometers
here.
groups

is

less

Four
use

simplest

by

using

than

are

types

ten-turn,

and

one.

often

of

attenuator
5000

most

a

useful
potentiometer
This

called

ohm

In
integrators
initial
inputs

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are
ables

In
inputs

takes

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corresponds

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groups

potentiometers.

the

the

removed;

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place.

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reset

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to

the

hold

operate
and

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available

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performed

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mode,

integrator

integration

a

terms

groups

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set

of

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at

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mode,

on

voltage

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for

output

to

the

values

the

problem.

are

inputs

ceases

present

the

integrators

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by a positive

the

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in

are

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voltages

required

disconnected.

to

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and

values.

respect

computer

therefore

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the

TR-20,

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of

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by

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other

integrators
all

vari-

accept

to

time

is

constant

All

GROUP

42.183

42.187

42.188

2.1,28

(42.185

12.265)

The

Type
tions.
and

the
terminated
meter
module
and

The
ted

are

Quad

lower

in

&

42.183,

The

top

lower

on

available

(Type

Coefficient

end

order,

OF

NO.

Type

potentiometer

end

of

the

right

12.265)

of

each

top

to

POTS

2
2
2

4

42.187,

this

for

that

Assembly,

bottom,

potentiometer
side
patching.

mounts

potentiometer

of

on

TYPE

and

is

the

Type

the

OF

POT

Carbon

Carbon

Wirewound

Wirewound

Type

terminated

in

42.188

patching

The

Type

the

is

non-linear

42.185

is

grounded.

patchirg

Uncalibrated

Un

c-a 1 i

Calibrated

Calibrated

Groups

on

the

grounded.

module

2.128

that

mounts

module.

DIAL

brated

have

left

The

and

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row

of

in

The

potentiometers

similar

side

lower

both

consists

computing
the

Does

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Has

Has

Has

Pots

trol

patching

of

the

potentiometer

ends

of

of a patching

control

REMARKS

not

have

Readout

Readout

Readout

located
Panel

patching

the

components,

are

potentio-

panel

termina-

area

termina-

area.

Readout

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Switches

Switches

in

Con-

module

is

16

When

an

output

the

mechanical

attenuator

the

wiper

are

not

the

wiper

it

is

wiper

input

voltage

shaft.

equal.

is

more

voltage

voltage

Eo
ratio

could

convenient

be

Normally,

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loaded

and

E.

In

is

K

times

of

set

most
by

the

to

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is

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:RT is

to

the

common

amplifier

set

applied

Ein,

exact

however,

use

the

attenuator

the

wiper

to

where

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ratio

the

of

input

an

K =

same

attenuator

the

until

attenuator

R

l/~.

as

the

electrical

by

means

attenuator
resistor.

under

the

loaded

desired

If

of

is

as

shown

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the
loaded

is

to

In

order
conditions

output

in

attenuator

ratio

vernier

and

feed

to

is

Figure

E

o

dial

the

an

amplifier;

account

by

obtained.

6,

the

is

unloaded,

:E.

and

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attached

two

ratios

for

monitoring

the

to

thus

loading,

the

Figure

under

switch

panel,

the
on

The
Figure

potentiometer
Note

to
the
end

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of

itate
two
is

The

5.

7a

load.

connects
and

pot

bus,

the

control

ungrounded

7b.

that

both

ends

low

end

if

so

Type

each

attenuator

readout

potentiometer

placed

high

THE

OPERATIONAL

shows

A

applies

can

Depressing

the

of

of

desired.

42.183

within

and/or

the

circuit

pushbutton

the

wiper

+10

be

measured

panel.

attenuators

and

connects

lower

under

end

the

attenuator.

the

ungrounded

Attenuator

is

loaded

types.

the

low

end

AMPLIFIER

volts

the

of

brought

circle;

of

used

switch

to

the
to

the

by

the

are

connected

pushbutton

the

loaded

the

attenuator

potentiometer

Group

out

conditions.

The

address

the

ungrounded

in

the

TR-20

is

located

pot

bus,

top

of

null-comparison

switch

wiper

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patching

does

not

to

a

termination

Figure

or

coefficient

potentiometers

next

removes

the

in

the

applies

to

is

not

to

include

number

setting

to

permit

to

each

the

attenuator.

method

circuit

the

pot

grounded

block

make

has a ground

the

next

7

contains

qf

the

setting

attenuator;

voltage

configuration

+10

volts

bus

and

it

convenient

pushbutton

to

schematics

potentiometer

(K)

is

is

also

applied

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by

using

for

measuring

voltages

the

written

indicated.

grounded

depressing

wiper

the

to

the

termination

to

ground

switches.

attenuator

and

(i.e.,

near

attenuators

at

the

voltage,

NULL

shown
top

of

purposes.

may

to

symbols

the

patch

POT

in

the

be

near

the

The

facil-

1

symbol.

the

on

patched

low

wiper

for

or

2)

a.

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When a

to
an
unit
by a constant,

ing,extracting

high-gain
perform
operational

in

the

mathematical

Considerations

dc

amplifier.

analog

integration,

square

amplifier

computer.

root,

is

operations,

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operational

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and

generating

used

can

used

in

the

be

in

conjunction

resulting

amplifier

used

conjunction
logarithmic

for

with

system

is

inversion,

with

functions,

input

is

the

special

and
generally
basic
summation,

and

networks

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feedback

referred

most

multiplication

for

networks

to

versatile

squar-

17

as

e

in

=

Ke

in

TO

SWITCHES

ALL

+IOV---O

ATTENUATOR
GROUPS

OF

Figure

r--

I I

I

I I

L--=----i

~.~--------~--------------------------~----~~~

(0)

ATTENUATORS,

6.

An

Atterl1lator

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ATTEN.42.188

~

t-----+---J

POT

BUS

SIMPLIFIED

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SCHEMATIC

,

!

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TO

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READOUT

~-'--

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T

K

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--0-

(b)

GROUNDED

Figure

18

RI
RT

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=

KE

KEin

7. Sche-matics

in

and

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x

T

RT

L

Y

X

Y

(C)

for

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HI

RI

LO T

UNGROUNDED

K

(X-Y)

K(X-Y)+Y

+Y

Recall
Figure

(lb)

order

by

of

that

8):

(1)

the

(2)

(3)

3 X

the

The

gain

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Thg

la'

amplifier

amplifier
of

the

input

open
at

dc).

is

output

amplifier:

stage

loop

gain

designed

of

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of

(eo)

eo

= -Ae

amplifier

the

to

have

is

related

b

amplifier

three

draws

is

essential

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the

negligible

extremely

characteristics

summing

current:

high:

junction

A»l

voltage

ib~

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(see

0

the

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equation:

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ational

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amp1i=~:2r:

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the

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)

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for
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impedance.

sub-paragraphs

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PART OF 12.1116 INTEGRATOR

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I

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I

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BUS J

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23

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ard
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24

during

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TO

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CONDITION

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J--~--

INT

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10 MFO

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SCALE

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25

6.

Q~~RTER-SQLARE

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a

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In

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mathematical

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Description

quadrant

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the

MULTIPLIER

multiplier

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put

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26

voltage

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SIMPLIFIED

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voltage

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FUNCTION

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GENERATOR

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be

A

typical
yield
put

element

must

be

input

obtained

inputs.

function

to

the

the

feedback

Generating

diagram

portion

only

output

used

wherever

use

two

independent

of

negative;

impedance,

from

by a series

square

root

loop

the

Square

of

of

the

positive

is

zero.

required.

of

the

unit

squaring

an

amplifier
the

voltage

the

voltages

potentiometers.

of

of

an

the

X2

patching

inputs.

Resistor

is

that

straight-line

of

an

input

amplifier.

of

an

DFG

is

block

If

Rf (R52)

illustrated

circuits.

has a 3550

Y

must

applied

The

output

Input

shown

the

be

to

segments.

voltage

Voltage

in

accepts

input

is

in

Figure

In

each

ohm

positive.

the

-IN

amplifiers

is

Figure

only

voltage

not

feedback

and

An

obtained

(Single

l3a.

negative

has

associated

l3b.

case,

the

Since

+IN

can

output

by

placing

Polarity)

The

DFG

inputs;

the

wrong

with

The

unit

DFG

is
resistor.
the

DFG's

terminations

be

used

voltage

pro-

the

terminated

the

lower

polarity,

either

is

used

The

DFG;

patched

as

voltage

the

have a variable

should

to

sum

additional

X2

not

on

it

to

in-

X

be

A

programming

c.

2 X2

X

DFG's

The

voltage

duces

X

of
fier

Thus

an

is a positive

amplifier,

1.
for

Circuits

8.

LOG X DFG

a.

The

Log X
voltage
base
DFG's

or

is

rithmic

duced
as

by

voltage

symbol

Generating

are

X

where

output

2.

This

an

signal

input

using

AND

General

DFG's

that

is

natural

in

the

curve

for

summing

sensitive

for

the

the

Square

connected

-10 ~ X ~ +10.
of

+X2/l0

voltage,

This

of

the

X2

1/2

is
either

from

the

output

inverted

DFG

are

LOG X DFG

Description

are

used

in

proportional

logarithms
form

of

straight-line

a

single

the

outputs

switches

2

X

DFG

of

an

as

shown

When X is

amplifier
lower
is

applied

and

polarity,

summarized

conjunction

to

the

and

antilogarithms

polarity

of

simple

..

is

sho"m

Input

in

Figure

DFG

conducts

appears

the

with

logarithm

segments

input

limiter

Voltage

negative,

1;

the

through

output

in

the

voltage.

in

Figure

14

lower
and
resistor

at

appendix.

a

dc

of

can

that

circuits

(Bi-Polar)

to

generate

the

generates

the

output

of

amplifier

amplifier

the

be

closely
The

l3c.

upper

DFG

does

Rf to

of

input

signal

generated.

desired

that

+

10

from

DFG

conducts

not

conduct.

_X2/l0

the

base
amplifier
1

is

+X2/l0.

to

produce

voltage.

The

approximate

function

use

solid-state

an

at

the

of

1

an

output

a

input

and

ampli-

as

output

loga-

is

pro-

When

output

+X2/lO.

Common
of

the

pro-

diodes

The

Dual

Log

X DFG,
generators.
negative

input

voltage,

One

output

generator

voltage

-X,

and

Model

16.126,
accepts

Y =

-5

produces

consists

a

positive

loglOlOX.

a

positive

of

two

input

The

output

independent

other

voltage

voltage,

generator

X,

Y =

logarithmic

and

produces

accepts

+5

10glO

function

a

negative

IlOXI.

a

29

+A

0

+ y

+B

x

-B

+

S

B

0 0

-lOS

IBI>

0<

+IOA

AS

B S

B

+10
+10

I A I

-lOA

-

B

Figure

-INa

So

°0;

X2DF~

1---1

-INPUTS

R51

J\

A A

3550

R~

+INO

So

°0

2

x

16.101

DFG

2

x

DF~;>--

...--t

+INPUTS

R53

AAA

vv"

3550

~

R5

~

35

2

50

12.

Division

-IN

X

+IN

y

X2

Circuit

5

0

for a Quarter-Square

R~

5

0

DFG

16.101

Multiplier

X

-IN

+IN

y

X

DFG

+X2

10

X

DFG

_y2

10

2

2

-IOV

S X S °

+IOV~y~O

10

_y2

10

Q.

SIMPLIFIED

30

OF

DIAGRAM

UNIT

b.

Figure

TYPICAL

13.

r DFG

PATCHIN G

Patching

c.

SYMBOLS

0

X

-IN

i-IN

2

X

OFG

X2

OFG

S

Rf

3550

S

0

B

0

B

0

+X2

10

Figure

14.

Generating

+T

10

for

-10

< X <

--

+1

0

31.

b.

Pstching

A

sirnpl~£ied

Dual

figure
the
accepts

1/2

~ut

output

a

Log X DFG

negative

diagram

the

information

variable.

and a typical

are

shown

is

The

DFG

voltage,

in

Figure

applicable

terminated

-X,

and

patching

15.

produces

to

on

scheme

The

Dual

both

the

upper

a

positive

for

units

the

Log X

except

portion

voltage

Dual
DFG

Log

X

is

shown

for

the

of

the

patching

of 5 10glO

DFG

and

in

the

labeling

the

of

module

IIOXI

from

the
produces
amplifier
be

less
should
not

damage

circuit.

associated
a

negative

has a 5000

than

be

taken

the

-IN

O

So

00

0

0

+INO

So

0

0

LOGX

OF

16.126

0.1

volts

not

DFG

R21

5K

lOG

DFG

R24

amplifier.
voltage

ohm

to

but

+

X

5K

feedback

in

order

apply

it

does

of

-5

an

constitute

X

Y

The

lower

10glO

res~stor.

to

maintain

input

-IN

S

lOY

voltage

0

0
0

+IN

S

0

OG

X

DFG

16.126

DFG

from

The

accuracy

a

severe

accepts

its
input

of

the

X

~

...... -

")0..

............

a

positive

associated

voltage

and/or

wrong

overload

-IN

+5

lOG 10 lOX

-5l0G1010Y

voltage,

amplifier.

magnitude

avoid

polarity;

on

the

should

overloads.

doing

amplifiers

-5l0G1010X

Y,

and

Each

so

not
Care
will

in

the

o.

SIMPLIFIED

9.

VARIABLE

a.

The

variable

amplifiers

function.

DIODE

General

to

They
where f is a predetermined,
desired
As

the

a summing

amplifier
line

Two
with

fixed

function

input

amplifier,
changes

segments.

basic

VDFG

variable

breakpoints.

DIAGRAM

UNIT

OF

FUNCTION

GENERATOR

Description

diode

function

generators

produce a segmented

accept

an

input

single-valued

is

voltage

groups

slopes

produced

changes,

thus

in

accordance

are

and

The

by

varying

available.

breakpoints;

groups

32

b.

Figure

straight-line

voltage

summing

the

diodes

the

with

are

TY P ICAl

15.

Patching

GROUPS

(VDFG's)

amplifier

the

The

the

listed

PATCH I

the

2.645

X

and

produce

function

the

outputs

effectively

input

2.645

2.713

below.

NG

Log

X JJFG's

AND

2.713

are

used

approximation

an

that

can

from

switch

gain.

voltage

Groups

Groups

The
by a sequence

provide
have

C.

SYMBOLS

in

conjunction

to

output

be

biased

the

output

variable

with

an

arbitrary

voltage

Y =

non-monotonic.

diode

input

plus

networks.
resistors

voltage

of

and

of

straight-

minus

slopes

dc

f(X),

The

of

the

units

and

GROUP

NUMBER

+VDFG

UNIT

READOUT

MODULE

-VDFG
UNIT

2.713-0

2.713-1

2.713-2

2.645-0

2.645-1

2.645-2

16.156-1

16.156-1

---

16.304-1

16.304-1

---

16.310

16.310

16.310

16.308

16.308

16.308

16.154-1

-

--

16.154-1

16.306-1

---

16.306-1

15

,t$

READOUT

VDFG

MODULES

UNITS

NOTE:

The
J-63,

16.165-1
or

Figure

J-64:-

16.

+VDFG

VDFG

Unit

Mounting

may

be

Locations

located

in

J-61,

J-62,

33

The

16.154

and

reference

identical

(fixed

units

b.

Minus

except

breakpoint)

described

Setup

VDFG

polarities

for

diode

VDFG

in

this

Procedure

Unit

are

and

section.
(Fixed

is

identical

reversed.

and

reference

the

Breakpoint

16.304

to

the

Similarly,

polarities.

Plus

(variable

VDFG's)

16.156
the

Plus

VDFG,

16.306

and
Therefore,
breakpoint)

except

16.304

the

16.156

VDFG

that

are

Units

Plus

the

diode

are
only

simplified

A

shown
the

The

a

sired

in

input

function

fixed

at

+4, +5,

tray

forward,

Figure

disconnect
Adjust
+2.6

pot

volts.

to

output

diagram

Figure

voltage

shown

breakpoint

(I)

Prepare

the

output

+6,

+7,

(2)

Open

exposing

l8c.

(3)

Turn

the

the

PARALLAX

(4)

Re-connect
provide
voltage

17.
polarity

in

VDFG.

+8,

the

the

output

an

input

is

reached

and a typical
This

information

restrictions

Figure

l8a

Proceed

a

of

+9,

door

pot

table
the

and

the

VDFG

of

to

(Figure

VDFG

+10

below

adjustment

potentiometers

amplifier

obtain

amplifier

of

+1

(+3.3

when

volts.

the

volt.

volts

patching

is

used

as

follows:
l8b)

the

control

1

from

the

1

to

Adjust

scheme

is

applicable

for

each

to

of

input

unit

illustrate

the

appropriately

voltage

panel

potentiometers.

fully

the

counter-clockwise.

VDFG,

appropriate

the

+IN

terminal,

the

+1

in

this

case).

for

to

must

and

slide

and

output

volt

the
the

the

is

equal

Patch

ground

voltage,

and

pot

16.156
other
be

Plus

VDFG's,

observed.

procedure

scaled

to

the

appropriate

the

circuit

the

in

adjust

until

the

VDFG

however,

for

setting

voltages

0,

+1, +2,

shown

Temporarily

+IN

terminal.

this

case

the

setup

correct

is

up

de-

+3,

VDFG

in

(5)

output

voltage

(6)

correct

output
potentiometers.
volts

(O

to

(7)
function
close

£.

variable

The

from 0
adds
but

setup
sample

procedure

function
steps

i~

the

cover.

Setup

to

+10

considerably

requires

information,

function

for

to

required.

Apply

is

attained.

Continue

voltage

The

-10

volts

Check

well

adjusted.

Procedure

breakpoint

volts

improved

a more

selected

setting

become

an

input

to

change

for

slope

the

adjustments

for

a Minus VDFG).

complete

(Variable

VDFG's

(Model

16.304),

complicated

and

includes

is

a

function.

familiar

of

+2

volts.

For

the

the

each

input

setup

Slide

the

Breakpoint

provide

flexibility

setup
a

procedure

complex,

with

the

Adjust

sample

input

voltages

increment

must

(preferably

VDFG

for

tray

ten

or 0 to

and

accuracy

procedure.

and

is

It

is

suggested

characteristics

the

function

by

be

made

with a plotter)

into

VDFG's)

variable

-10

volts

for

the

intended

+2

volt

shown,

sequentially,

adjusting

in

order,

its

operating

breakpoints

(Model

over

This

setup

that

the

sub-paragraph

of a sample

to

illustrate
the

of

the

pot

until

this

value
and

the

appropriate

going

16.306).
fixed

operator
VDFG

and

the
is

obtain

from 0 to

to

ensure

position

in

the

This

breakpoint

provides

function.

the

step-by-step
set
the

correct

+4.0

the

that

and

interval

feature

up

this

setup

volts.

slope

+10

the

VDFG's,

general

The

34

-

B2?l

3550

r----r---l

:::~~

- .

0

+v OFG

2

0

16.310

1-

~IOK

~

__

...1

+x

I

I

L

__________

O.

SIMPLIFIED

f(x)

_

+v

16.

SCHEMATIC

+x

OFG

1~6

+IN

+

VDFG

c. PATCHING

3550

82

I----~

B

SYMBOL

o

f

(x)

02

~~------------~

+v

OFG

16.310

b. PATCHING

Figure

17.

± VDFG Patching

35

+8
+7

+6

+5

+4

+3
+2

+1

.

.

-I

-I

_

OUTPUT

-

./'

"\.

'\

V

~

/V

V

......

\

'"

\

+9

f\

+10

INPUT

INPUT

0

+1
+2
+3

+4

+5

+6
+7

+8

+9

+10

ADJUST

PARALLAX

+IV
+2V
+3V
+4V
+5V

+6V

+7V

+8V

+9V

+IOV

OUTPUT

+2.6
+3.3
+4.0
+5.0
+5.0
+5.7
+5.7
+4.6
+4.2
+3.0
+1.0

0

0

+1

-

_L..

2

+2

+3

+4

O.

SAMPLE

b.

TABLE

+5

+6

FUNCTION

OF

+7

+8

FUNCTION

VALUES

-10

----{

Figure

36

18.

'>-----f

Sample

+IN

VDFG

c. SETUP

Function

+

PATCHING

and Setup Information

B

>---~~---

OUTPUT

the

VDFG
conducting
"corner"

line

segment

"rounding"

setup

To

procedure

avoid

(1)

are

in

these

Basic
not

state

the

curve

effect

(~

(!0

(,£)

Setup
ideal
is

DFG

not
output

is

usually

slvitches.

abrupt,

improves

for

two

reasons:

It

takes a variation
voltage
breakpoint

clearly

If

the

either
interaction

sive

approximation

set

the

touch

what

lengthy.

difficulties,

The

breakpoint

microamp

the

"knee"
resistor
DFG

output.

Considerations.

The

but

graph,

the

to

switch
is

a

only

an

accuracy

complicated

defined.

breakpoints

one

of

them

necessitates

it

value

up,

then

the

at

breakpoint

following

is

of

current

of

the

of

lOOK,

This

The

transition
gradual.
rounded

corner

approximation

of

the

of

about

the

diode

by

are

close

will

affect

setting

-

first

return

to

rules

defined

as

through
diode
this

is

cha,racteristic

current

relatively

diodes

used

from

As a result,

will

to a desired

DFG.

However,

one-fifth

off

or

on.

the

fact

together,

the

value

the

set

the

value

2,

then

2,

etc.

are

the

input

the

diode.

contributes

easy

in

the

the

non-conducting

instead

result.

of a volt

Hence

that

adjusting

at

function

at

return

This

process

adopted:

voltage

This

curve.

to

measure.

construction

of a sharp

Since

smooth

it

complicates

in

the

setting

the

breakpoint

the

the

other.

values

breakpoint

to

breakpoint

can

that

produces

is

approximately

With a feedback

0.10

volt

to

the

curve

the

value

This

by

succes-

1,

be

to

the

of

the

straight-

this

the

input

of

the

is

not

at

then

1,

and

some-

1.0
on

(2)

(~

To

minimize

breakpoints,

together
striction.
quired
gether
and

If
be
points

Additional

(~

Pot

not

sistor

into a DFG,
diodes

(.1?)

Insufficient
segment

more

or a pot

ment,

volt

than

to

make a diode

than

the

interaction

the

spacing

less

severe,

will

Considerations

Loading.

from a pot.

from
conducting,

is

slope

may

the

maximum

divided

interaction

adjacent

one-fifth

Since

0.2

a

volt

change

described

is

about

and

the

be a smooth

The

DFG

The

the

pot

output

the

load

and a loading

Slope.

not

enough

is

needed,

be

placed

obtainable

by

the

pot-setting

between

breakpoints

of a volt.

of

change

will

produce

0.2

to

portion

curve

input

load

should

on

terminal

on

the

pot

The

maximum

for

all

the

DFG

in

the

the

should

about
state,

in

above

0.25
of

rather

any

pot

will

error

slope
functions
feedback
feedback

slope

(e.g.,

function

This

0.2

volt
two
effect

will

volt,

the

graph

values

never

is

be

not a serious

in

the

breakpoints

only

make

the

one
setup
interaction

between

than a straight-line.

always

should

to

depend

per

corne

from

always

ground.

will

of 1 volt

to

be
resistor
path.

segment

a

pot-sett~ng

If a pot

on

the

result.

per

generated.

can

With

is 1 volt

at

different

placed

closer

input

closer

breakpoint,

difficult.

the

break-

an

amplifier,

be a fixed

is

number

volt

be

increased,

this

arrange-

per

of

1/2

re­is

to-

will

fed

of

per
If

gives

re-

re-

37

-10

+IN

+

VDFG

-10

-0---Q

O.

BREAKPOINT

I

--

SETUP

TO OUTPUT

MONITORING

CIRCUIT

PATCHING

(PREFERRED)

~+IN

~

--

-

<8

/ REMAINDER

SAME AS ABOVE

:g

O~

CIRCUIT

,

b.

BREAKPOINT

38

Figure

SETUP

PATCHING

19.

Breakpoint Setup Patching

(ALTERNATE

METHOD)

a

slope

in

slope
this
Even

effect
the

pot-setting

sent

volt

To

lOOK

find
tween
the

no

feedback

criterion

adjacent

i-th

of 2 volts

will

increase

will

sample

of

0.050

noise

problems.
should

for

out

whether

breakpoints

and

the

per

not

be

curve

setting

amplification

(i

+

f(X

i

x.

l l

volt
the

noise

objectionable

shown

(slope

When

be

used

may

l)st

+

1) -f(X

+ 1 - X.

per

segment).

level

in

Figure

of

20

volts

setting

(no

pot).

the

breakpoint

is

be

tabulated.

breakpoints

)

i

This

proportionately,

with

20c,

reasonable

which

per

volt)

breakpoints,

Otherwise

will

necessary,

is:

increase

not

the

The

gains.

requires

should

the

the

0.10

apply.

slopes

slope

but

a

pre-

standard

be-

between

(3)

Sample

(4)

and

(5)

are

the

same

modif~cations

funct~on;

tion

not

required.

opera~or

uators

quire~

used.
The

attenuators

when

settling

care~~ly

ooes

are
number
The

the

order,

for

not

to

determine

(4)

available,

method

setup

the

breakpoints.

to

of
example,
exceed

Experience

Breakpoint

of

is

assure

This
except

slope
slope.

volt

per

volt,

slope
volt.
all
Hence,
per

volt

ments

Function
used
are

the

for

also

basic

I

when

attenuators

described

are

required

complete.

maximum

is

easily

for

of

For

per

and

(The

diodes

except

does

the

volt,

no

the

as

calculated.

the

center

curve

instance,

and

amplification

slope

slope

that

are

for

long

not.)

Setup

the

setup

used

for

the

procedure

if

thesegrnent-to-segment

volt

patch

gained

to

Setup

The

per

volt,

deviate

Patching.

the

configuration

is

not

in

Figure

for

The

steps

while

setup
first

accuracy

slope

is

not

if

successive

increments

at

any

conducting

the

center

as

the

Procedure.
of

the

setup

may

be

the

setting

from

If

available,

19a

only,
part

outlined

of

the

It

(the

as

important

a

function

would

point,

slope,

change

sample

of

any

required

feedback

up

the

steps

sufficient

shown

the

is

much

and

of

the

in

diode

is

important

slope

slopes

be

are

is

at

the

in

slope

The

steps

function.

arbitrary

change

pot

the

in

circuit

faster,

are

setup

this

generated

to

at

x =

as

the

had a center

of

1.50,

necessary,

all

the

any

less

~

point,

than

of

plus
slope
between

listed

The

function.

for

the

setup

of

slope

(pot

17

of

sample

function

provided.

coefficient-setting

Figure

released

of

and

19a.

Figure

therefore
for

procedure

procedure

should

function.

realize

0),

the

increment

slope

2.10

the

and 3 volts

since

one

slopes

the

volt

the

may

exceed

successive

in

Sub-paragraphs

same

steps,

of a specific

for a given

Figure

permits

If

the

19b

other

consists

be

that

actual

in

of

0.85

center

per

due

center

1

volt

seg-

in

Some

func-

22a)

is
the

atten­re-

may

be

preferred.

functions

of

followed

to
slope.

39

- SECOND

EIGHTH

NINTH

-

g

TENTH

o.

TABLE

LOCATION

ENDPOINT

Xo -LEFT
XI -FIRST
X2
X3 -THIRD

X4 -FOURTH
X5 -FIFTH
X6 -SIXTH

X7 -SEVENTH
XB ­X

XIO­XII -RIGHT

BREAKPOI"'T

BREAKPOINT

BREAKPOINT

BREAK

PO'

BREAKPOINT

BREAKPOINT

BREAKPOINT

BREAKPOINT

BREAKPOINT

BREAKPOINT

ENDPOINT

OF

FUNCTION

NT

X

0.00

0.35

0.85

1.10

1."5

2.85

3.85

6.20

7.90

8.55

9.00

950

VALUES

!

I

!

I

fIX)

0.00

!).81

9.3"

9.93

9.36

3.67

1.69-

0.89

1.56

3.20

6.75

12.00

+0.6

b.

BREAKPOI

€I -

A.

-

NT

CURVE

ENDPOINT
BREAKPOINTS

LOCATION

+0.4

I

-0.6

I

-0.8

+10

'~~

+8

1/

Ih\

I NPUT VOLTAGE

I

+8

I

1

1

1

1

1
1

1

:

:

:

ii' f I

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I

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+9

900

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+10

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+2

c.

PLOT

OF

DESIRED

FUNCTION

_______

CURVE

CURVE

BEFORE

AFTER

TRIMMING

TRIMMING

Figure 20. + Variable

40

+1

INPUT VOLTAGE

+2

'-':----.....

~.-___

I ----.::

+3

+4

Breakpoint

r-=:-:::-

-

~

+5

Diode Function

I

I /

+6

-

~v

-::

+7

Generator

-

+8 +9

Sample

+10

Curves

(~

Prepare

(Figure

specified

a

table

20a).

at

of

The

twelve

values

function

points

for

(for

XU,

the

Xl'

function

a

Plus

X2,

VDFG)

•••

to

XII.

be

generated

can

Of

be

arbitrarily

these,

the ten
the

XII = +10

gether

graph

important

most

Figure

to

the

ground

the
the

Set

(~

points
the

Rotate

(~

counter-clockwise,
this
aids

Set

(~

the

internal

other

accurate

computer

16.304

all

center

manner.

the

PARALLAX

than

of

the

l8a

twelve

the

breakpoint

are

slope

in

identifying

output

two
volts.

points

points

are

endpoints.

No

0.2

volt.

function

of

delineation.

is

used,

values

low

end

in

the

Plus

position.

VDFG

close

to

pot I fully

This

(amplifier

potentiometer.

are

two

of

These

to

occur

inflection

set

the

of X specified

of

even

reset

forward.

pots

+10

Ground

and
step

the

numbered

mode,

fully

volts).

clockwise.

continue

helps
breakpoints

16)

called

We

these

values

If
attenuators

clockwise

the

prevent

approximately

breakpoints

should

points

at

locations

and

other

the

patching

and

Place

input

alternating

pick

should

in

the

pots

slide

the
to

Rotate

amplifier

during

Xo = 0,

should

be

on

areas

arrangement

(1

through
table.

2

through

the

(this

function

amplifier

slope
the

the

to

(corners)

be

selected

the
requiring

tray

means

pot 2 fully

slope

overload

setup

zero

and

and

normally

closer

from

curve

12)
Be

12.
containing

by

near

the

of

accurately

sure

Place

all

break-

switch

14.

pots

and

procedure.

adjusting

to-

a

to

in

in

Steps

the

(~

and

remaining

(~

\

(~

steps.

(1)

(B)

(£0

Set

the
fier
ometer.

above

If

the
input
cord.

correct

Read

the

.3

though

Place
until

loading

pot

14

The

first

want

input

16)

approximately

are

performed

patching

of

amplifier

If

the

coefficient

the

output

volt

the

the

function

the

voltmeter

the

to

approximately
breakpoint

to

relocate

(amplifier

method

range.

precise

meter

to

simply

arrangement

14

to

of

Figure

using

of

amplifier

The

reading

value

switch

reading

(in

the

.500

is

now

it

at

Xl

14)
zero

to

of

the

the

is

not

in

decreases

.3

(the

to

+1

with

help

Figure

wiper

19b

NULL

17

with

should
critical.

the

volt
before

located

desired

volt.

the

prevent

of
is.used,

POT.

UP

position,

range),

closing
close

Set

CENTRAL

amplifier

19a

is

pot 1 with

adjust

the

voltmeter

be

close

to

zero.

it

the

to

first

the

output

SLOPE

used,

and

is

+10

breakpoint).

connect

the

pot I to

set

to

zero,

adjust

To

avoid

advisable

function

volts

(ampli-

potenti-

overload

long

patch-

to

al-

pot
over-

to

switch.

and

during

the

the

14

set

we

41

+10

TO

PLOTTER X

INPUT

Figure

21.

+IN

Breakpoint

+

VDFG

Location

Plot

Patching

42

Rotate

the

meter.

point

is

the

in

breakpoint

At

first,

the

vicinity

pot 1 counter-clockwise
nothing

of

Xl

will

the

happen,

output

but

will

while

when

start

observing

the

break-

to

change.

(j)

(j)

Rotate

first

any

Repeat
value

the
center

Repeat

0.10
is

The

reads
remaining

The

set
good
this
the

the

To

breakpoint

slope

required

long

volt

adjusted

breakpoint

+0.10

breakpoints

at

idea
tTIme.

desired

breakpoints

make

the

pot

pot

Step

position

Step

the

(D,

patch

<10,

change

until

or

breakpoints

extremes

to

The

curve,

this

until

settings

for

cord

and

potentiometer

-0.10

plot

plot,

the

is

now

setting

the

to

repeat

adjusting
on

the

the

volt,

are

now

(approximately'

the

resulting

but

are

properly

adjust

output

correctly

at

the

second

pot

meter.

meter

in

this

set

output

it

changes

this

curve
enables

the

time.

value

breakpoint

2.

Place

Step

the

whichever

(g)

breakpoint

For

reads

is

then

manner.

correctly,

of

the

(Figure

located.

DFG

by

set

at

Xl.

of

potentiometer_

the

above.

instance,

a

null

rotated

is

appropriate.

but

±l

volt

DFG

versus

20b)

one

to

input

voltage

0.1

volt.

Do

(Figure

function

2

potentiometer

potentiometer

(zero

check

volt)

until

the

slopes

per

volt).

the

will

at a glance

to

The

not

change

1

to

19b) , or

switch

in

the

voltmeter

Set

are

It

input

not

look

XII

(the

the

move

in

for

Step

the

still
isa

at

the

a

14

(10.

like

that

(5)

This

adjustment
fier
duces a slope

-1

Since

overload

volt

imately
less

than

per

the

pots

obtained

1800 from

Setting

is
during
of

volt,

rotate

endpoint
adjust

zero.
shifts

plot.
Patch

puter

volt
curve
integrator,

in

+1

zero

by

is

11
the

not

critical,

setup.

volt

slope

through

watching

its

of

the

CENTRAL

This

the

entire

the

configuration

in

the

provided

under

seconds.

Function

Since

per

volt

is
the

extreme

the

interval

SLOPE

does

not

affect

curve

operate

consideration.
the

plotter

Values.

and

found

approximately

screwdriver

position.

so

fully

and

mode.

that

could

fully

with

of

interest

pot

so

that

the

breakpoint

so

as

to

provide

shown

the

will

Set
be

clockwise

the

in

Figure

An

initial

plotter

With

omitted,

counter-clockwise

300

blade

an

cover

all

slope

rotation

pot

at

degrees,

and

­the

pen

input

the

but

the

rotating

usually

output

location,

a

more

21,

and

condition

describes

of

-1

range

pots

zero

of

approximately

it

helps

of

the

rotation

center

slope

+10

volts)

is

approximately

easily

place

voltage

the

volt

-1

to

prevent

slope

of

its

may

the

pot a little

and

but

merely

read

the

com-

of

entire

to

the

+10

volts

to

ampli-

pot

produces

rotation.
be

approx-

-1

zero.

pro-

43

* FEEDBACK POT

(SEE

TEXT>

-10

-10

--0----Q

a.

--

FUNCTION

I

SETUP

+IN

TO OUTPUT
MONITORING

PATCHING

.... -

CIRCUIT

(PREFERRED)

~

~---;:;

....

-

o

~

0.050*

.... -

---~D'

REMAINDER OF

SAME

AS

CIRCUIT

ABOVE

\

b.

FUNCTION

Figure

44

SETUP

22.

PATCHING

Function

Setup

(ALTERNATE

Patching

METHOD)

(~

(!0

Patch

amplifier

(Figure

f(O)

accurately.

output

in

the

Set

the

the

22b).

of
NULL

VDFG

circuit

14,

or

Adjust

amplifier

function

input

shown

adjust

This

16

to

in

Figure

potentiometer

the

PARALLAX

is

best

to

the

(see

Chapter

Xl

(the

22a

and

1

potentiometer

accomplished

VM

jack,

II,

Paragraph

first

breakpoint).

to

and

ground

produce

by

using

the

input

zero

to

produce

connecting

the

voltmeter

3~.

Adjust

to

volt

the

the

no

overloads

up

of

close

the

to

(6)

function

10

volts,

CENTRAL

meter.

(£)

Set

slope
set

(SO

Continue
last

+10

(~

Patch
pot
done

Amplifier

should

values

it

the

pot 1 until

to

f (X2) •

value

volts.

the

17

as

prev"iously

Overloads.

occur

may

SLOPE

VDFG

input

Except

function

is

set

the

in

this

set

circuit
shawn

during

may

cause

be

considerably

potentiometer

to

X2 (the

the

meter

for

the

value

by

adjusting

preceding

way

until

is

the

right

shown

in

Figure

in

Sub-paragraph

If

the

the

set

up

overloads.

to

read

second

indicates

NOTE

first

two

at a given

the

breakpoint.

all

slopes

endpoint,

in

Figure

22a) , and

above

of

procedure

the

(If

more

than

f(X

)

l

breakpoint).

a

null

points,

breakpoint

slope

pot

have
XII'

21

(including,

plot

(4)

the

(j).

is

breakpoints.

the

desired

10

volts

accurately

with

the

for

been

which

set.

is

however,

entire

followed

However,

function

before

on

the

Adjust

the

NULL

POT

The

usually

feedback

curve

as

carefully,

the

value

adjustment.)

set

is

Of

of
to

it
to

cour'se,
the

the
is

hard

the

if
DFG,
desired

to

slope

the

it

adjust

pot.

(~

function

should

value

In

Temporarily

be
and
the

this

amplifier

(!0

Put

the

overload.

(£)

Adjust

(~

Remove
crease,

(~

Set

the

is

properly

possible

remove
correct

case,

patch

producing

computer

the

output

the

extra

but

not

output

to

the

overload.

value,

the

an

in

to

feedback

overload.

to

the

scaled

adjust

as

the

following

extra

f(X).

the

reset

zero,

desired

and

the

appropriate

However,

voltmeter

steps

10K

feedback

mode.

or

as

resistor.

value.

is

close

within

if

the

will

are

recommended:

resistor

The

output

to

The

output

the
slope

amplifier

not

zero

slope

pot

respond

around

should

as

should

limitations

to

set
is

immediately

the

not

possible.

in-

f(X)

saturated

45

(7)

function
above -setting
values.

or

where

It

is,

values.

values
This

the

for

The

this

Trimming

that
the

value

effect

curve

best

is

reason,

way

Adjustments.

were
will

first
at

be

steepest.

necessary

to

do

this

one

largest

Frequently

setup.

point

to

is

This

has a slight

where

perform

to

start

a

is

the

breakpoints

a

trinnning

at

slight

due

Xo

to
effect

and

shift

the

adjustment

proceed

may

interaction
on
are

the

closest

out

be

noted

mentioned

previously

together,

of

the

to

XII'

in

the

set

function

as

above.
adjustment
mine

compare

In

-10
function-approximated

when VDFG's

just

Note

X =

justment,
diodes

Therefore,

about

function

line

whether

d.

some

< X <

the

also

+1

in
are

-1

fit

Plot

out

the

may

be

additional

it

with

Paralleling

cases,

+10.

output

that
the

labeled 1 volt,

the

it

A

are

paralleled.
at

there

Plus

conducting,
the

values

< X < +1

gene~ators

(1)

Determine

:over

(2)

the

Calculate

entire

necessary,

trimming

desired

Fixed

may

be

desirable

Plus

VDFG

by

19

f(O).

is

no

VDFG

is

range

and

that

of

f(-l),

two

volts

can

be

the

-I ~ X

£(0) = 1/2

curve

but

one.

Breakpoint

and a Minus

straight-line

"The

Therefore,

breakpoint

at

in

is,

set
values

this
is

PARALLAX

X =

each

in
f(O)2

long

up

~

+1.

again.

is

necessary

VDFG's

to

generate

the

at

-1

in

unit

easily
of

the

and

instead

f(-l)

[£(-1)

determines
range

In

extreme

seldom

is

a

VDFG

can

segments.

potentiometer

two

PARALLAX

X = O.

the

Minus

-1

f(+l)

of

the

by

means

and

f(+l)

+

£(+1)]

the

case.

to

plot

function

be

paralleled

The

VDFG.

the

~ X

~

must

usual

of

•

cases,

the

over

Certain

of

controls

first

The

slope

+1

for

be

collinear.

one

the

following

that

give a good

a

second

The

best

entire

an

input

and

points

each

breakpoint

initial

of

the

volt.

generator

are

the

paralleled

trimming

way

to

deter-

curve

the

must

interdependent.

output

The
The

procedure.

and

range

desired

be

can

occurs
slope

when

segment

paralleled

straight-

of

noted

ad-

at

ad­units.

no

(3)

Adjust

calculated

VDFG

until

necessary;

the

+1

now

be

46

value.

(4)

f(-l)

(5)

however,

volt

control

divided

(6)

(7)

(8)

Apply

Apply

Adjust
Adjust

Recheck

either

an

is

set

an

if a small
on

equally

f(+2),
f(-2),

input

correctly.

input

the

between

the

entire

or

of

of

Plus

f(+3)
f(-3),

both

PARALLAX

-1

volt

+1

volt

deviation

VDFG

f(-l)

... ,

,

... ,

function.

and

and

to

and

f(+lO).
f(-lO)

controls

adjust

check

from

remove

f(+l).----

•

the

half

until

the

f(+l).

desired

the

-1

£(0)

volt

No

adjustment

value

error.

measures

control

is

The

on

should

found,

error

the

the

adjust
should

Minus

be

10.

SIGNAL

a.

amplifier
input

the

voltage

weighted

energized

The

circuit

signal
inputs

amplifier
tacts.

no

inputs

the

input

and

IN2

Therefore,

levels,are

switching

COMPARATORS

Relay

(1)

Comparator

General

and a double-pole,

to

an

algebraic

when

the

configuration

input
produce

is

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energizes

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relay

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is

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resistors,

have

different

the

setup

desired.

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level,

say

AND

Description.

arbitrary

sum

weighted

to

the

relay

de-energized

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and

weights

procedure

of

+5

volts,

FUNCTION SWITCHES

The

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double-throw

reference

of

the

algebraic

of

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;

IN

l

voltage

and

relay

R2,

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input

relay

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at
the

when

arms

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in

their

described

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proceed

input

voltages

sum

comparator

reference

the

summing

relay

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are

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as

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relay.

voltage

of

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input

arms

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connected

values,

on

must

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amplifier
and

is

negative.

input

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shown

is

junction

are

connected

junction

to

the

be

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consists

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voltages

in

applied

of

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plus

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the

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junction

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relay

relay

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23a~

to

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. When

2

amplifier,

to

the

minus

positive

or

contacts.

applied

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if

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a

precise

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when

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when

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to

switching

voltage

INI

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switching
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two

ently,

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(£)

(£)

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Electronic

40.538
device.

and

electronic

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input

the

amplifier
example).
ation

Connect

this
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occurs.
erence
a

contact

Remove

input.

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consists

switch

on

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to

Figure

of

an

amplifier

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of

the

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the

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the

wiper

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unit

operates

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units.

circuit

23b.

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and

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at

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of

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into
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a

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voltmeter.

input

.(Figure

in

conjunction

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units

requirements

a

coefficient

adjust

desired

output

switching

of

computer

potentiometer.

second

action

potentiometer

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arm

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to

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24)

unit

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the

wiper

until

level

the

amplifier

reference

voltage

Connect

be

observed

monitoring

and

apply

is a versatile

with

produces

external

binary

combined

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potentiometer

the

output

(+5

volts

to

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(-10

the

wiper

until

by

an

switching

patching

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voltage

arbitrary

high-speed
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arrangements.

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in
termin-

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to

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signal

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of

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the

on

47

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12

:~

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(+5V)

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48

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FOR

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VOLTAGE

Simplified

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LEVEL

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Figure 24

40.538

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ectronic C

omparator Unit

49

(1)
provided
put

of

the

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high-gain

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switching.

designated

zero
always

duce
are

volts

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summing

plus

referred

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parator

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binary
put

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output

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voltages

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together,

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in

Figure

amplifier,

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DIG 1
or

junction

5

volts

to

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to
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feedback

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and

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at

as

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(+5

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levels

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25.

which

amplifier
output
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(opposite

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the

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effectively

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or
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functional

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from

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of

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voltages

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volts

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logic

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operation

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the

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in

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feedback

network
diodes,

to

provide

provided

available

at

at

two
these

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,example,

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the

circuit

the 0 terminal.

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voltage

state

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may

terminal,

of

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be

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circuit
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unit

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if

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istorized

digital

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gate

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current

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patching

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Dual

Dual

the

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Control

middle

switch

output

the

electronic

purposes.

(2)

The

Electronic

unit.

of a four-diode

control

input

to

terminal,

the

associated

IN

amplifier.

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junction)

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Function

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Panel

row

of

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with

a

center-off

levels

Figure

circuit.

terminal,

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through

electronic

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Assembly,
and
patch

from

switch

26

gate;

the

special

terminal,

Switch

Group

are

terminated

panel.

position.

the
units,

Switch.
provides

precision

When a
gatelli

amplifier.

then

applications,

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gate

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consists
Type

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a

block

input

binary

opened

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coupled

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of a patching

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on

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function

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upper

unit

to

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and

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through

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patching

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switches

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feedback

(+5

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an

analog

input

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the

summarized

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switch

switch

be

connected

computer,

are

included

of a switch

unit.

resistors;

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applied
current
is

input

input

input

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module,

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resistor

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junction.

the

Type

appendix.

switches

module

which

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is

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to

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passed

connected

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connected

and

12.264,

are

is

located

on

the

or

for

other

in

the

Each

switch

and a trans-

the

through

to

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gate

to

applies

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and

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mounted

on

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double-throw

upper

the

50

LTH

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25.

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Block

Diagram

51

DIGITAL

INPUT

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I

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1

CONTROL

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OUT

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___________________

Figure

26.

Electronic

Switch

Unit,

Rfb

J

Functional

I

I

I

Block

o

Diagram

52

portion
of

the

(resistive

of

the

patching

load).

patching

module.

module;

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the

switch

lower
contacts

switch

are

is

terminated

rated

at

120

on

volts,

the

lower

10

portion

amperes

11.

The

REPETITIVE

~.

addition

means

greater

are

replaced

of

500.

solutions.

Unit,

simulator

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panel

switch
the

integrators
position,
a SLAVE
fixed

vides

second

of

the

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of

switching

than

Thus,

or

an

when

(1)

area

and

four

position.

compute

(2)

the

integrator
duration
COMPUTE

OPERATION

Description

of

the

Repetitive

the

integrators

30

cycles

with

the

The

problem

external

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per

0.02

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Op

oscilloscope.

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Op

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A

Model

of

the

the

CALIBRATE VERNIER

are

compute

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timing

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TR-20.

in

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and

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networks

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second.
capacitors

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variables

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positions

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gives

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potentiometer,

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is

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to

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continuous

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CALIBRATE VERNIER.

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scale

34.035
used

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computer.

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time

of

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OFF

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of

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position

12.1116
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venient

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Networks

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electronic

installation,

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unit

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in

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in

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Paragraph

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readout

ability

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time

instructions

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rectangular

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against

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replace

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inputs

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a

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The

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~.

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priate

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Mode
Panel
other

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the

CALIBRATE

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set

12.

DISPLAY

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is

compute

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voltage

position

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adjusted,

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incorrectly.

NETWORKS

details

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placed

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with

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eliminates
VERNIER

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is

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compute

switch.

the

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relays

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o

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fully

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increases

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TIME

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SCOPE;
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beyond

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setup

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loading

of a problem

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and

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duration

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selecting

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termination

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oscilloscope.

compute

the

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indicated

when
placed
ground

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VERNIER

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use

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attenuators

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the

summing

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in

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an

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controls.

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of

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When

indicated

VERNIER

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are
po-

to

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networks
computing
quirements,

40.538

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The Model
be

mounted

computer
The Model

sitions

17

provides
The

illustration

cated

on
comparator.
identical.

are

components

the

TR-20

12.987
in

is

40.538
and

the

either

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position

equipped

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18.

same

the

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available

to

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is

shipped

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17

with a Model

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upper

patching

(Figure

27)

display

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locations

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of

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non-linear

Comparator

two-by-four

connections

shows

module

of

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display

either

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the

or

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the

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allow

device.

a

12.987

wired

row

only.

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patch

display

holes

holes,

may

area

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portion

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if

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54

Y

l

0

Y

2

0 Y

y30

y

0

4

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X

0

2

INPUT

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OR

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UNIT

NOTE:

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jumper

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analog

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is

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required

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for

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36.082

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the

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55/56

APPENDIX

I

HIGH GAIN

INVERTING

SUMMING

COMPUTER

AMPLIFIER

AMPLIFIER

AMPLIFIER

SYMBOLS

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INPUT

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APPENDIX

II

CIRCUIT

DESCRIPTION

INVERTERS

COMPUTER SYMBOL

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NETWORK

COMPUTER

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SYMBOL

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ATE;

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STATE
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FUNCTION SWITCH.

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OTHER THAN
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APPENDlxm

(a)

for

be

Com~,

NO.

AMPLIFIER

The

to.llo'Wing

simulatillg

round

in

Inc.,

transfer

Jackson,

New

BODE

CmCUITS

Table

A.S.:

York,

PLOT

E.

FOR

SIMULATING

contains

functions.

"Analog

1960.

B

I

TRANSFER

examples

A more

Computation",

TRANSFER
FUNCTION

~"'-

ot

complete

I~V

0-

A

FUNCTIONS

amplifier

MCGrall-9Hill<B.ook

CONSTANTS

-E

0

circuits

llsting

TIME

may

GAINS

1:

t

t

1

I

2

o~-

0---------

K~

T

E·

~

1

0-f"'-

AI~V

1

1

+

Tp

K

+

Tp

B

~-Eo

B

T=.1

.A

T

. -

B

K=-

A

1

A

A=B=-

A=-

B =

1

T

1

T

AK

0-

A

1

A=-

T

B • 1

1

Tp

+

Tp

3

o~

T

1

= -

A

0---------

4

~T

T

l

K

1

K;e

+

Tp

T--

K =

1

A

BT

A=-

B

II:

1

T

AK

AIll-I

NO.

BODE

E.

I

PLOT

TRANSFER

FUNCTION

B

TIME

CONSTANTS

GAINS

5

(b)

The

values

extensive
Fifer,

tor

s.

o

tollCNing

some

listing

usetul

: "Analog

NO.

SHORT-CKT.

I.

A

table

contains

networks

I1lB.y

be

round

Computation

Yss

ADMITTANCE

1

-

A

u

tor

in

•

the

short-circuit

simulating

Jackson,

(See

Bibliography.)

--A../\/'v-

D

transfer

A.S.:

NETWORK

R

1'2--

1'.3.

admittance

IIAnalog

1

B-CD

1

-

B-C

and

tunctions.

Computation",

A=R

component

A more

and

1 +

fir

2.

3.

AIIl-2

A

A

(1

1

+ pT)

-Q-

R

~

T

R

C

R

A=R

T =

A

r:a

T

--

RC

2ft

RC'

2

NO.

Yss

SHORT-CKT.

ADMITTANCE

NETWORK

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

1(1

A ,

+pT)

..

pSI'

e < 1

1(1

A 1 +

e < 1

1 1 + pSI

..!.

A 1 +

,l1+pGr

A 1 +

C)

< 1

1 +

e <

"1

A 1

+pT)

pT

per

pr

-+

pT

pSI

e < 1

R2

c

R R

A =

R1 + R2

T = R2C

R1

A =

R1

T = (R

A = 2ft1

T = (R

e = 2

A = 2ft

T =

e =

+ R

1

+ -2 ) C

2

2R

2R2 + R1

~

(C1 + C2)

2C

2

C'i

+ C

R

2

2

) C

2

1 «

1+pTl)

A

9.

(1+pT2)

(1+pT3~

)

Am-3

The

following
cations.
ever,

that

GENERAL

This

these

list

of

is

by

references

written

no

material

means a complete

will

in

APPENDIX

BIDLIOGRAPHY

is

categorized

bibliography

turn

indicate

other

IV

by

both

of

material

general

material

and

available.

references

specific

It

of

the

fields

is

felt,

type

of

appli-

how-

desired.

Rogers,

Hill

Jackson,

Fifer,

Cheng,

S:

D.

Reading,

Karplus,

Mathews,

and

New

Heizer,

Potentiometers",

A.

E.

and

Book

Company,

A.

S.:

"Analog

"Analogue

K.:

"Analysis

Massachusetts,

W.

J.:

"Analog

M.

V.,

and

Passive

Networks",

York), 7 -12

L.

E.,

and

Connolly,

Inc.,

Computation",

Computation",

of

Linear

Simulation",

Seifert,

(March

S.

J.

Abraham:

J.

Assoc.

T.

W.:

New

1959

W.

Proc.

1955)

"Analog

York,

McGraw-Hill

McGraw-Hill

System",

McGraw-Hill

W.:

"Transfer

1955

Western

"Transfer

Compo

Mach.,

Computation

1960

Book

Book

Addison-Wesley

Book

Function

Joint

Function

3(3):

186

in

Engineering

Company,

Company,

Publishing

Company,

Synthesis

Computer

Simulation

(July

1956)

Inc.,

Inc.,

Inc.,

with

Conf.,

by

Means

Design",

New

New

York,

Company,

New

Computer

(published

of

McGraw-

York,

1960

1961

Inc.,

York,

1958

Amplifiers

by

IRE,

Amplifiers

and

AERODYNAMICS

"Aircraft

"Human

Performance

C.

C.,

March

Pilot

D.

T.,

Proceeding
1-3,

1955,

Dynamic

and

Weir,

of

p.

Response

D.H.,

August, 1958; ASTIA

Studies

the
78

No.

on

an

Western

in

Wright

AD

130.

Electronic

Joint

Flight

and

Air

Development

988

Analog

Computer

Simulator",

Computer",

Conference,

Seckel,

Center,

WADC

Wadel,

presented

E.,

Hall,

Technical

L.

B.,

at

Los

I.

A.

Report

and

Angeles,

M.,

Wan,

McRuer,

57-520,

AIV-l

"Rigid

Missiles",
Angeles,

Body

Equations

Mangnall,

CCLA

of

Report

Motion

J.

N.,

No.3,

for

Use

Electronic

El

Segundo,

in

Analog

Associates,

Computer

Calif.,

Inc.,

March

Studies

of
Computation
18,

1957

Symmetrical

Center

Spinning

at

Los

CHEMICAL

"Analog

E.

W.,

Computer

Society

"Analog

Simulation

Spencer,

ment-Automation

ember

"Analog

Computing

T.J.,

"Application

Franks,
Meeting,

"Analogical

Automation,

A:t\TD

INDUSTRIAL

Simulation

Instrument

of

America

E.

H.,

26-30,

1960,

Industrial

of

General

R.

G.,

June,

Computing

Vol.

ENGINEERING

of a

Society

Paper

of

No.

of a Chemical

1960

Proceedings

Conference

preprint

in

the

Chemical

and

Engineering

Purpose

and

OTBrien, N.

1957

Devices

22,

June,

Chemical

America

56-7-2

Reactor

and

No.

and

Analog

G.,

in

the

1949,

Reactor",

Journal,

Temperature

of

Instrument
Exhibit,
72-NY60,

Petroleum

Chemistry,

Computer

American

Petroleum

p.

497

Batke,

Vol.

4,

JanuarY,1957,

Control

SOCiety

Vol

15,

pp.

72-NY60-1-72-NY60-9

pt.

of

TI,

Industries,

Vol.

50,

1958,

to

Unsteady

Institute

Industry",

of

MorriS,

T.

L.,

Franks,

System",

America

presented

Past

and

p.

1631

State

Distillation

Chemical

W.

R.

p.14,

Mayer,

15th

Annual

at

New

York,

Present",

Engineers,

L.,

Instruments

G.,

and

James,

and

Instrument

F.

X.,

and

Instru-

Sept-

Williams,

Calculations",

Seattle,

and

AIV-2

"Modern

and
76,

Computer

Spergel,

No. 31,

P.,

July,

CONTROL SYSTEMS

"Analog

"Optimization

Computer

F.

D.,

p.

143

IRE

Transactions

IRE

Transactions

by

Random

Applications

Analysis

Transactions

1957,

Search

on

Electronic

for

the

pp.

in

on

Electronic

Design

of

the

105-109;

Predictor

on

the

Analog

Computers,

of

Steel

American

discussion,

Design",

Computers,

Computer",

Vol.

Mill

Control

Institute

pp.

Bates,

Vol.

EC-8,

Systems",

of

Electrical

109-110

M.

R.,

EC-6,

Munson,

No.2,

Bock,

No.3,

J.

K.,

June,

Reider,

Engineers,

D.

H.,

and

September,

and

Rubin,

1959,

p.

J.

E.
Vol.

Powell,

200

,

1957,

A.1.,

"Analog

Proceedings
N.
Report

Computer

J.,

October

57GL351,

Study

of

the

16-18,

of

Sampled

Computers

1957,

November

p.

15,

Data

in

Control

71,

1957

Systems",

Systems

and

General

Chestnut,

Conference,

Electric

H.,

Dabul,

presented

Technical

A.,

and

at

Atlantic

Information

Leiby,

Series,

D.,

City,

"Analysis

"Missile

"Analog Study of

"Modern

"Jet

of a

actions

System

putation

Vol.

15,

Computer

Spergel,

Pt.

II, No. 31,

Engine

of

the

1957,

Non-linear

on

Automatic

Linearization",

Center,

Boiler-Reactor

No.5,

P.,

Transactions

Simulation
National
p.

15.0

Control

Control,

PCC

Report

May,

1957,

Analysis

July,

1957,

for

Engine

Simulation

Favreau,

Interaction",

p.

for

the

of

pp.

Council,

DATA ANALYSIS AND PROCESSING

System

Vol.

No. 69,

84

Design

the

American

105-109;

Control

presented

for

Stabilizing a .Missile",

PGAC-3,

R.

Princeton,

R.,

November,

Electronic

N.

Borner,

of

Steel

Mill

Institute

discussion,

Development

at

.Washington, D.

J.,

November

E.

F.,

Control

of

Electrical

pp.

Work",

Atran,

1957,

p.

Associates,

and

Cassidy,

Systems",

109-110

Sherrard,

C.,

L.,

8

Inc.,

12,

1956

B.

F.,

Reider,

Engineers,

E.

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