Dynasonics TFXP User Manual

Series TFXP

Transit Time Ultrasonic Flow Meter

Operations & Maintenance

Manual

BEFORE OPERATING THE TFXP

Important
Notice!

The TFXP flow meter is equipped with a lead-acid Gel Cell battery.
This battery will require charging before initial operation.

Apply power, utilizing the enclosed 12 volt DC output line power
converter or auto-style power cord, to the TFXP for a period of 16­24 hours prior to using the product for the first time. The power
converter connects to the DC IN +12V socket connection located on
the side of the enclosure. See Figure 1.1. A fully charged battery
will provide up to 24 hours of continuous operation before
recharging will be necessary.

Figure 1.1 — Power Connection

When the battery level has decreased to a point where recharging is
required, the LOW BATTERY indicator will illuminate on the front
panel. At that point, the meter will only operate a short time more
until it automatically turns itself off – preventing excessive battery
discharge that can damage the Gel Cell battery. The TFXP has an
integral charging circuit that prevents overcharging. The instrument
can be permanently connected to AC line power without damaging
the flow meter or the battery. Page 1.12 of this manual contains
additional recommendations to preserve and maximize the power in
the TFXP battery.

If the TFXP is to be used for extended periods of operation, the AC
power converter or the 12 volt auto-style converter can remain
connected indefinitely.

Rev. 5/09 -1.1- TFXP

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part 1 -
Introduction

Connections

Inputs and
Outputs

Quick-Start Operating Instructions 1.4 - 1.6

Introduction
General 1.7
Applications 1.7
Product Matrix 1.8
Product Specifications 1.9

Transmitter Connections 1.10 - 1.11
Battery Charging and Maintenance 1.12 - 1.13

Input/Output Connections and Options
4-20 mA Output 1.14
Optional Data Logger 1.15

Other Optional ISO-MODs 1.15

Pages

Part 2 -
Transducer
and RTD
Installation

Part 3 ­ Operation

General 2.1
Mounting Location 2.2 - 2.3
Transducer Spacing 2.4 - 2.7
Transducer Mounting, Pipe Preparation 2.8 - 2.9
Transducer Mounting, V-Mount and W-Mount 2.9 - 2.11
Transducer Mounting, DTTH High Temp 2.12
Transducer Mounting, DTTS/DTTC Small Pipe 2.12 - 2.13
Transducer Mounting, Z-Mount 2.13 - 2.15
Mounting Track Installation 2.16 - 2.17
RTD Installation 2.18 - 2.20

General Programming Information 3.1 - 3.4
Startup and Configuration 3.1

Rev. 5/09 -1.2- TFXP

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part 3 ­ Operation

(continued)

Part 4 -
Software

Pages

Keypad Entry Detail 3.4 - 3.33
BASIC MENU 3.4 - 3.16
DATALOG OPERATION 3.17 - 3.23
OUT2 MENU 4-20 mA 3.24 - 3.30
Optional Input/Output 3.31 - 3.35
SENSOR MENU 3.36
SECURITY MENU 3.36 - 3.37
SERVICE MENU 3.37 - 3.39
Signal Strength 3.37
Setting ZERO Flow 3.38
DISPLAY MENU 3.39 - 3.40

Software Utility Operation
ULTRALINK™ 4.1 - 4.14
Data Logger 4.15 - 4.17

Heat Flow Addendum A.1 - A.6

Appendix
Keypad Interface Map
Error Codes
K-Factors Explained
Fluid Characteristic Table
TFX Communications Using ULTRALINK™
Digital Communications Protocol
Pipe Dimension Charts
Velocity to Volumetric Conversion
Statement of Warranty
Terms & Conditions
Customer Service

Rev. 5/09 -1.3- TFXP

QUICK-START OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

This manual contains detailed operating instructions for all aspects
of the TFXP instrument. The following condensed instructions are
provided to assist the operator in getting the instrument configured
and measuring as quickly as possible. This pertains to basic
operation only. If specific instrument features are to be used or if
the installer is unfamiliar with this type of instrument, refer to the
appropriate section in the manual for complete details.

Transducer
Location

1. TRANSDUCER LOCATION

A. In general, select a mounting location on the piping system

with a minimum of 10 pipe diameters (10 × the pipe inside
diameter) of straight pipe upstream and 5 straight diameters
downstream. See Table 2.1 on page 2.3 for additional
configurations.

B. Select a mounting method for the transducers based on pipe

size and liquid characteristics. See Table 2.2 on page 2.5.
Transducer mounting configurations are illustrated in

Figure 1.2.

¹ Nominal values for these

parameters are included
within the TFXP operating
system.

The nominal values may be
used as they appear or may
be modified if exact system
values are known.

C. Enter the following data into the TFXP transmitter via the

integral keypad or ULTRALINK™ software utility.

1. Transducer mounting method

2. Pipe O.D. (outside diameter)

3. Pipe wall thickness

4. Pipe material

5. Pipe sound speed ¹

6. Pipe relative roughness ¹

7. Pipe liner thickness (if present)

8. Pipe liner material

9. Fluid type

10. Fluid sound speed ¹

11. Fluid viscosity ¹

12. Fluid specific gravity ¹

(if present)

D. Record the value calculated and displayed as Transducer

Spacing (XDCR SPC).

Figure 1.2 — Transducer Mounting Configurations

Rev. 5/09 -1.4- TFXP

QUICK-START OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

Connections

2. TRANSDUCER/POWER CONNECTIONS

A. Route the transducer cables from the transducer mounting

location back to the TFXP transmitter. If additional cable and
connections are required, ensure that they are RG59 75
compatible.

NOTE: The transducer cable carries low level, high frequency
signals. In general, it is not recommended to add additional cable to
the cable supplied with the DTTN, DTTH or DTTS transducers. If
additional cable is required, contact the Dynasonics factory to
arrange an exchange for a transducer with the appropriate length of
cable. Cables to 990 feet (300 meters) are available. If additional
cable and connections are added, ensure that they are RG59
75

Ohm compatible.

B. Refer to the wiring diagram located on the inside of the TFXP

transmitter and Figure 1.3 for proper power and transducer
connections.

Ohm

Figure 1.3 — Transmitter Connections

3. PIPE PREPARATION AND TRANSDUCER MOUNTING
DTTN and DTTH Transducers

A. Place the flow meter in signal strength measuring mode.

This value is available on the TFXP display (Service Menu) or
in the Data display of the ULTRALINK™ software utility.

B. The piping surface, where the transducers are to be

mounted, must be clean and dry. Remove loose scale, rust
and paint to ensure satisfactory acoustical bonds. Grind
rough surfaces of pipes to smooth bare metal. Plastic pipes
do not require preparation other than cleaning.

Rev. 5/09 -1.5- TFXP

QUICK-START OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

C. Apply a single 1/2" (12 mm) bead of couplant grease to the

upstream transducer and secure it to the pipe with a
mounting strap.

D. Apply acoustic couplant grease to the downstream

transducer and press it onto the pipe using hand pressure at
the lineal distance calculated in Step 1.

E. Move the transducer slowly around the mounting area until

the highest signal strength is observed. Secure with a mounting
strap at this location.

DTTS and DTTC Transducers

A. Place the flow meter in signal strength measuring mode.

This value is available on the TFXP display (Service Menu) or
in the Data display of the ULTRALINK™ software utility.

B. The pipe surface, where the transducers are to be mounted,

must be clean and dry. Remove loose scale, rust and paint
to ensure satisfactory acoustical bonds. Grind rough
surfaces of pipes to smooth bare metal. Plastic pipes do not
require preparation other than cleaning.

Startup

C. Apply a single 1/2" (12 mm) bead of acoustic couplant grease

to the top half of the transducer and secure it to the pipe with
bottom half or U bolts.

D. Tighten the wing nuts so that the grease begins to flow out

from the edges of the transducer and from the gap between
the transducer halves. Do not over tighten.

4. INITIAL SETTINGS AND POWER UP

A. Press the ON button on the flow meter keypad.
B. From the Service Menu, verify that signal strength is greater

than 2.0%.

C. Input proper units of measure and I/O data.

Rev. 5/09 -1.6- TFXP

PART 1 - INTRODUCTION

General

The TFXP ultrasonic flow meter is designed to measure the fluid
velocity of liquid within closed conduit. The transducers are a non­contacting, clamp-on or clamp-around type, which will provide
benefits of non-fouling operation and ease of installation.

TFXP transit time flow meters
utilize two transducers that function
as both ultrasonic transmitters and
receivers. See Figure 1.4. DTTN
and DTTH transducers are
clamped on the outside of a closed
pipe at a specific distance from
each other. The transducers can be
mounted in V-Mount where the
sound transverses the pipe two
times, W-Mount where the sound
transverses the pipe four times,
or in Z-Mount where the transducers are mounted on opposite sides
of the pipe and the sound crosses the pipe once. This selection is
based on pipe and liquid characteristics.

DTTS and DTTC (small pipe transducers) have both transmit and
receive crystals imbedded in a single clamp-around transducer so
no measurement between transducers is required.

Ultrasonic Transmission

Figure 1.4 —

Through a Field

Application
Versatility

The flow meter operates by alternately transmitting and receiving a
frequency modulated burst of sound energy between the two
transducers and measuring the time interval that it takes for sound
to travel between the two transducers. The difference in the time
interval measured is directly related to the velocity of the liquid in the
pipe.

The TFXP flow meter can be successfully applied on a wide range
of metering applications. The simple-to-program transmitter allows
the standard product to be used on pipe sizes ranging from 1/2 inch
(12 mm) and larger. (Transducer sets from 1/2 to 1-1/2 inch require
2 MHz transmitters and dedicated pipe transducers.) A variety of
liquid applications can be accommodated:

ultrapure liquids sewage cooling water
potable water reclaimed water river water
chemicals plant effluent others

Because the transducers are non-contacting and have no moving
parts, the flow meter is not affected by system pressure, fouling or
wear. The DTTN transducer set is rated to a pipe surface

Rev. 5/09 -1.7- TFXP

PART 1 - INTRODUCTION

temperature of 250 °F (121 °C). High temperature DTTH transducers
can operate to a pipe surface temperature of 350 °F (177 °C). The
DTTS small pipe transducers can be used to a pipe surface
temperature of 185 °F (85 °C) and the DTTC high temperature small
pipe transducers are rated for 250 °F (121

°C).

User Safety

The TFXP employs modular construction and provides electrical
safety for the operator. The display face contains voltages no
greater than 10 VDC. All user connections are made through
sealed bulk-head plugs located on the side of the TFXP enclosure.

Data Integrity

Non-volatile FLASH memory retains all user-entered configuration
values in memory for several years (at 25 °C), even if power is lost
or the unit is turned off. Data Logger values are stored in FLASH
memory in the logger. Password protection is provided as part of
the Security menu and prevents inadvertent configuration changes
or totalizer resets.

Product
Identification

The serial number and complete model number of your TFXP are
located on the inside of the transmitter’s front cover. Should
technical assistance be required, please provide the Dynasonics
Customer Service Department with this information.

Product Matrix

TFXP -    A -  

Power Supply

A) 115 VAC
B) 230 VAC

(two round terminals)

C) 100 VAC
G) 230 VAC

(three rectangular
terminals)

Output 2

1) 4-20 mA (Standard)

3) Rate Pulse

4) RS232

5) RS485

6) 200,000 event Data Logger*

7) BTU (-40 to +200 °C)

8) BTU (0 to +50 °C)

9) BTU (0 to +100 °C)

Output 1

N) None (Standard)

6) 200,000 event Data Logger*

Approvals

N) Ordinary Area
F) Intrinsically Safe**

(Class I, Div. 1, Group C, D)

Options

N) None
H) High Temp Transducers 350 °F (177 °C)

2) 2 MHz DTTS Transducers (pipe sizes less than 2" (50 mm)

* The data logger records up to 30,000 points per file, with a maximum of 16 files. The total number of

points that can be recorded on the logger is 200,000.

** I.S. DTTN Transducers must be ordered separately.

Replacement Parts Part Number
TFXP Flow meter D040-0110-001

Data Logger, 200,000-event D020-1045-104
Padded carrying case D003-1012-002
Transducers, set of two D071-0110-000
High Temp Transducer Cable Set D071-0110-001
Transducer Cable set, 20 ft. (6 m) D005-2112-020
Transducer Cable set, 50 ft. (15 m) D005-2112-050
Transducer Cable set, 100 ft. (30 m) D005-2112-100
Acoustic Grease, temporary mount D002-2011-001
Mounting Track, 10" measuring scale D010-2102-010
Mounting Track, 16" measuring scale D010-2102-016
36 inch SS hose clamp D002-2007-001
Power converter, 115V U.S. D005-2502-001
Power converter, 230V European D005-2502-002
Power converter, 230V U.K. D005-2503-005
Power cord, 230V U.K. D005-2116-002
Power cord, 12V auto-style D005-2116-002
4-20 mA interconnect cable D005-2116-001
Battery D005-1201-001
Infrared serial adapter D005-2115-001
USB to DB-9 serial adapter D005-2116-004
DB-9 Data Logger interface cable D005-2116-003
ULTRALINK™ Software CD D005-0803-104
Manual, TFXP flow meter DTFXP O&M

Rev. 5/09 -1.8- TFXP

PART 1 - SPECIFICATIONS

TRANSMITTER

Power Requirements
Velocity Range

Inputs/Outputs

Standard Options

4-20 mA 800 Ohm max; 12-bit resolution, passive or active
Data Logger

Other Options

Rate Pulse MOSFET, 0.21 Ohms, 100 V max, 0 to 2,500 Hz max
Dual Relay 2 separate Form C relays, 200 VAC max at 0.5 A (resistive)
RS232C Data rate to 57.6k
RS485 Supports up to 119 drops
Heat Flow (RTD) Supports two 1000 Ohm RTDs, multiplexed, 12-bit resolution

Display

Units User configured

Rate Gal, liters, million gal, ft³, m³, acre-ft, oil barrels (42 gal), liquid barrels (31.5 gal), ft, m, lb, kg, BTU, MBTU,

Time Seconds, minutes, hours, days
Totalizer Gal, liters, million gal, ft³, m³, acre-ft, oil barrels (42 gal), liquid barrels (31.5 gal), lb, kg, BTU, MBTU, MMBTU, ton

Mode Forward, reverse, net, batch
Ambient Conditions
Enclosure NEMA 4X (IP-66) while open, NEMA 6 (IP-68) while closed, ABS with SS hardware
Size 14.00" H × 6.06" W × 10.56" D (355.6 mm H × 153.9 mm W × 268.2 mm D); 14.8 lbs (6.7 Kg)
Flow Rate Accuracy DTTN / DTTH: ±1% of reading at rates > 1 FPS (0.3 MPS), ±0.01 FPS (±0.003 MPS) at rates lower than 1 FPS

Flow Sensitivity 0.001 FPS (0.0003 MPS)
Repeatability ±0.01% of reading
Response Time (Flow)
Security Keypad lockout, user selected 4 digit access code
Approvals Ordinary areas
Software ULTRALINK™, compatible with Window

Internal 12 V lead-acid Gel Cell battery provides 24 hrs of continuous operation @ 20 °C. Charging: Wall mount
power converter. 115 or 230 VAC 50/60 Hz ±15% VA max; 12-15 VDC @ 2.5 VA max

-40

to

+40

FPS (-12 to +12 MPS)

All output modules are optically isolated from earth and system grounds.
One module and one data logger may be installed.

200k events in 30k pages, 16-bit, integral DB-9 RS232C connection, can be removed and installed without
disconnecting system power, data transfer rates to 57.6k

128 x 64 pixel graphics LCD, LED backlit. Two user selectable font sizes 0.35" (8.9 mm) or 0.2" (5 mm)
8 digit rate, 8 digit totalizer (resettable)

MMBTU, ton

-40

°F to +185 °F

DTTS/DTTC: 1" and larger units, ±1% of reading from 10-100% of measuring range, ±0.01 FPS (±0.003 MPS)
at rates lower than 10% of measuring range; 1/2" and 3/4" units, ±1% FS

0.3 to 30 seconds, user configured, to 100% of value, step change in flow

(-40

°C to

+85

°C), 0 to 95% relative humidity (non-condensing)

®

98/2000/XP/Vista®

TRANSDUCERS

Liquid Types Most non-aerated, clean liquids
Cable Length Up to 990 ft (300 meters); standard lengths 20, 50, 100 ft (6, 15, 30 meters)
Pipe Sizes DTTN / DTTH: 2 inch and larger

Environment NEMA 6
Pipe Surface

Temperature

Ambient Conditions
Housing Material DTTN / DTTC: CPVC, Ultem

Approvals Standard: None

DTTS / DTTC (small pipe): 1/2", 3/4", 1", 1-1/4", 1-1/2" (ANSI pipe, copper tube, tube)

-40

DTTN / DTTC:
DTTS:

-40

-40

DTTH:

-40

°F to +185 °F

DTTS: PVC, Ultem
DTTH: PTFE, Vespel

Optional - DTTN only: CSA Class I, Div 1, Groups C & D; requires intrinsically safe transducer kit with barrier

°F to +250 °F
°F to +185 °F
°F to +350 °F

(-40

°C to

®

, and nylon

®

, and nickel-plated brass

(-40

(-40

°C to

(-40

°C to +177 °C)

+85

°C)

®

, and nylon

°C to +121 °C)

+85

°C)

Rev. 5/09 -1.9- TFXP

PART 1 - TFXP TRANSMITTER CONNECTIONS

Transmitter
Installation

After unpacking, it is recommended to save the shipping carton and
packing materials in case the instrument is stored or reshipped.
Inspect the equipment and carton for damage. If there is evidence
of shipping damage, notify the carrier immediately.

When the TFXP is to be utilized for extended periods of time in one
location, the enclosure should be placed in an area that is
convenient for servicing, calibration or for observation of the LCD
readout.

1. Locate the transmitter within the length of transducer cable that
was supplied with the TFXP system. If this is not possible, it is
recommended that the cable be exchanged for one that is of
proper length.

NOTE: The transducer cable carries low level, high frequency
signals. In general, it is not recommended to add additional cable to
the cable supplied with the DTTN, DTTH, DTTS or DTTC
transducers. If additional cable is required, contact the Dynasonics
factory to arrange an exchange for a transducer with the appropriate
length of cable. Cables to 990 feet (300 meters) are available. If
additional
are RG59 75

2. Place the TFXP transmitter in a location that is:

cable and connections are added, ensure that they

Ohm compatible.

• Where little vibration exists.

• Protected from corrosive fluids.

•

Within ambient temperature limits -40 to 185 °F (-40 to 85 °C).

•

Out of direct sunlight. Direct sunl ight may increase transmitter
temperature to above maximum limit and make viewing the
LCD difficult.

3. If the transmitter will be subjected to a wet environment, it is
recommended that the cover remain closed and the latches
secured after configuration is completed. The faceplate/keypad
of the TFXP is watertight, but avoid letting water collect on the
keypad area.

Rev. 5/09 -1.10- TFXP

PART 1 - TFXP TRANSMITTER CONNECTIONS

Electrical
Connections

It is highly recommended that the internal battery in the TFXP be
fully charged before using the meter for the first time. Details
covering this procedure are located on page 1.1 of this manual.

1. The connectors located on the side of the TFXP cons ist of three
1/4-turn BNC-type and one 5.5 mm power plug. These
connectors are environmentally sealed, but it is recommended
not to allow water or other liquids to collect in the electrical
connections pocket.

2. Connect the appropriate wires to the corresponding connections
on the transmitter. The transducer cable has markings of
UPSTREAM and DOWNSTREAM to assist in the installation
process. The UPSTREAM transducer is the one located closer
to the direction from which fluid flow normally comes from. (The
fluid normally passes the UPSTREAM transducer before passing
the DOWNSTREAM transducer.) If the transducer wires are
connected backwards, a negative flow indication will be
observed on the flow meter display. See Figure 1.5 or the wiring
diagram located on the inner door of the transmitter.

Figure 1.5 — Transmitter Connections

NOTE: The transducer cable carries low level, high frequency
signals. In general, it is not recommended to add additional cable to
the cable supplied with the DTTN, DTTH, DTTS or DTTC
transducers. If additional cable is required, contact the Dynasonics
factory to arrange an exchange for a transducer with the appropriate
length of cable. Cables to 990 feet (300 meters) are available. If
additional
are RG59 75

Rev. 5/09 -1.11- TFXP

cable and connections are added, ensure that they

Ohm compatible.

PART 1 - TFXP TRANSMITTER CONNECTIONS

Battery
Charging and
External
Power
Sources

The 12 volt DC power converter and 12 volt auto-style power cord
connect to the socket connection located on the side of the
enclosure. See Figure 1.5 on page 1.11. A fully charged battery
will provide up to 24 hours of continuous operation before
recharging will be necessary. When the battery level has decreased
to a point where recharging is required, the LOW BATTERY
indicator will brightly illuminate on the front panel. At that point, the
meter will only operate a short time more until it automatically turns
itself off – preventing excessive battery discharge that can damage
the Gel Cell battery.

NOTE: When the battery is fully charged the LOW BATTERY
indicator may have a very dim glow.

If the TFXP is to be used for extended periods of operation, the
12

VDC line power converter or the 12 V auto-style converter can

remain connected indefinitely.
To charge the internal Gel Cell battery, apply power, utilizing the

enclosed 12 VDC line power converter or auto-style power cord, to
the TFXP for a period of 16-24 hours. The TFXP has an integral
charging circuit that prevents overcharging. The instrument can be
permanently connected to AC line power without damaging the flow
meter or the battery.

The Gel Cell battery is “maintenance free”, but it still requires a
certain amount of attention to prolong its useful life. To obtain the
greatest capacity and longevity from the battery, the following
practices are recommended:

• Do not allow the battery to completely discharge. (Discharging
the battery to the point where the LOW BATTERY indicator
illuminates will not damage the battery. Allowing the battery to
remain discharged for long periods of time can degrade the
storage capacity of the battery.) When not in use, continually
charge the battery by keeping the 12 VDC line power converter
plugged in and connected to the flow meter. The TFXP battery
management circuitry will not allow the battery to become
“overcharged”.

Rev. 5/09 -1.12- TFXP

PART 1 - TFXP TRANSMITTER CONNECTIONS

NOTE: The TFXP will automatically enter a low power consumption
mode approximately 1-1/2 minutes after the LOW BATTERY
indicator illuminates. This circuit prevents excessive discharge of
the internal battery.

• If the TFXP is stored for prolonged periods of time, monthly
charging is recommended.

• If the TFXP is stored for prolonged periods of time, store at a
temperature below 70 ºF (21 ºC).

Use wiring practices that conform to local codes (National Electric
Code® Handbook in the USA). Use only the power converters that
have been supplied with the TFXP flow meter. The ground terminal,
if present on the converter, is mandatory for safe operation.

CAUTION: Any other wiring method may be unsafe or cause
improper operation of the instrument.

It is recommended not to run line power with other signal wires
within the same wiring tray or conduit.

NOTE: This instrument requires clean electrical line power. Do not
operate this unit on circuits with noisy components (i.e. fluorescent
lights, relays, compressors, variable frequency drives, etc.)

The TFXP can be operated from a 11-15 VDC source, using the
included auto-style power cord, as long as it is capable of supplying
at least 3 watts – observe proper polarity.

General
Information
Regarding
Input/Output:
ISO-MODs

The TFXP flow meter may contain two Isolated Input/Output
Modules (ISO-MODs); one located inside of the flow meter

enclosure and one for the optional data logger, located under the
access door on the keyboard. The standard configuration of these
modules
powered 4­a data logger.

ISO-MODs are epoxy encapsulated electronic input/output modules
that are simple to install and replace in the field. All modules are
2,500 volt optically isolated from TFXP power and earth grounds –
eliminating the potential for ground loops and reducing the chance
of severe damage in the event of an electrical surge.

is to have the internal module configured as an actively

20 mA module and the optional user accessible one as

Rev. 5/09 -1.13- TFXP

PART 1 - TFXP TRANSMITTER CONNECTIONS

Standard

4-20 mA
Output

The standard 4-20 mA output may be replaced with one of the
following five ISO-MODs: dual-relay, rate pulse, RS232C, RS485
and heat flow (RTD). TFXP supports one ISO-MOD input/output
module in addition to the optional data logger. All modules are field
configurable by utilizing the keyboard or ULTRALINK™ interface.
Field wiring connections to ISO-MODs are quick and easy using
pluggable terminals.

The 4-20 mA Output Module interfaces with virtually all recording
and logging systems by transmitting an analog current signal that is
proportional to system flow rate. Independent 4 mA and 20 mA
span settings are established in software using the FL4MA and
FL

20MA settings in the OUTPUT2 configuration menu. These
entries can be set anywhere in the -40 to +40 fps (-12 to +12 mps)
measuring range of the instrument. Output resolution of the module
is 12-bits (4,096 discrete points). The module can drive up to 800
Ohms of load with its internally generated 24 volt power source.

A 4-20 mA output interface cable has been included with the TFXP
package. Connect the 1/4-turn BNC connection to the jack located
on the side of the flow meter. See Figure 1.6. The red clip on the
cable provides the positive leg of the output and the black clip
provides the negative side. Verify that the sum of the resistances in
the loop does not exceed 800 Ohms. The TFXP output is configured
to source current.

Figure 1.6 — 4-20 mA Output Connections

Refer to Part 3 of this manual for detailed information regarding the
configuration, calibration and testing of the 4-20 mA output.

Rev. 5/09 -1.14- TFXP

PART 1 - TFXP TRANSMITTER CONNECTIONS

Optional

Data Logger

A 200,000-point Data Logger* is located within the weather-tight
pocket on the faceplate of the flow meter. See Figure 1.7. Loosen
the three thumbscrews located in the corners of the pocket cover
and rotate the cover to expose the Data Logger Module. The
logger
selected intervals ranging from 1 to 30,000 (8.33 hours) seconds.
Configuration of and data retrieval from the logger can be
accomplished in one of two ways:

• The module is removable. The

• The Data Logger software utility,

stores time-stamped, high resolution (16-bit) data at user

module can be carried in a shirt
pocket back to the office and plugged
into a PC serial port via the module’s
integral DB-9 connector.

Data Logger, and the serial DB-9
interface cable included with the
logger can be used to access the
data. The data logging software is
loaded at the same time that
ULTRALINK™ is installed. Connect
the cable to the logger, which is
located in the pocket on the front
faceplate of the instrument. See Figure 1.7.

Figure 1.7 —

Data Logger Location

Refer to Part 3 of this manual for detailed information regarding the
configuration and operation of the Data Logger Module.

*The 200,000 points can be divided into 16 unique files that
each may contain up to 30,000 events.

Other

Optional

ISO-Mods

Rev. 5/09 -1.15- TFXP

There are five additional optional ISO-Mods available in
replacement of the standard 4-20mA output. If interested in one of
these optional ISO-Mods, please contact Dynasonics sales at
800-535-3569 or 262-639-6770 for detailed information.

PART 1 - INTRODUCTION

NOTES

Rev. 5/09 -1.16- TFXP

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER & RTD INSTALLATION

General

The transducers that are utilized by the TFXP contain piezoelectric
crystals for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals through
walls of liquid piping systems. DTTN and DTTH transducers are
relatively simple and straightforward to install, but spacing and
alignment of the transducers is critical to the system's accuracy and
performance. Extra care should be taken to ensure that these
instructions are carefully executed. DTTS and DTTC, small pipe
transducers, have integrated transmitter and receiver elements that
eliminate the requirement for spacing measurement and alignment.

Mounting of the DTTN/DTTH clamp-on ultrasonic transit time
transducers is comprised of three steps:

1. Selection of the optimum location on a piping system.

2. Entering the pipe and liquid parameters into either the

(ULTRALINK™) software utility or keying the parameters into
the TFXP keypad. The ULTRALINK™ software utility or the
TFXP firmware will calculate proper transducer spacing based
on these entries.

3. Pipe preparation and transducer mounting.
TFXP transmitters with an RTD ISO-MOD module installed require

either one or two RTDs to measure heat flow (one RTD) or heat
usage (two RTDs). The Dynasonics flow meter utilizes 1,000 Ohm,
three-wire, platinum RTDs in two mounting styles. Surface mount
RTDs are available for use on well insulated pipe. If the area where
the RTD will be located is not insulated, inconsistent temperature
readings will result and insertion (wetted) RTDs should be utilized.
Instructions for the installation of the RTDs begin on page 2.18.

Rev. 5/09 - 2.1 - TFXP

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER & RTD INSTALLATION

1. Mounting Location

The first step in the installation process is the selection of an
optimum location for the flow measurement to be made. For this to
be done effectively, a basic knowledge of the piping system and its
plumbing are required.

An optimum location is defined as:

• A piping system that is completely full of liquid when

measurements are being taken. The pipe may become
completely empty during a process cycle – which will result in
the error code 0010 (Low Signal Strength) being displayed on
the flow meter while the pipe is empty. Error codes will clear
automatically once the pipe refills with liquid. It is not
recommended to mount the transducers in an area where the
pipe may become partially filled. Partially filled pipes will cause
erroneous and unpredictable operation of the meter.

• A piping system that contains lengths of straight pipe such

as those described in Table 2.1 on page 2.3. The optimum
straight pipe diameter recommendations apply to pipes in both
horizontal and vertical orientation. The straight runs in Table 2.1
apply to liquid velocities that are nominally 7 FPS (2.2 MPS). As
liquid velocity increases above this nominal rate, the requirement
for straight pipe increases proportionally.

• Mount the transducers in an area where they will not be

inadvertently bumped or disturbed during normal operation.

• Avoid installations on downward flowing pipes unless

adequate downstream head pressure is present to overcome
partial filling of or cavitation in the pipe.

Rev. 5/09 - 2.2 - TFXP

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER & RTD INSTALLATION

Table 2.1

1

The TFXP system will provide repeatable measurements on piping systems that do not meet these

requirements, but the accuracy

Rev. 5/09 - 2.3 - TFXP

1 —

Piping Configuration and Transducer Positioning

of these readings may be influenced to various degrees.

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER & RTD INSTALLATION

2. Transducer Spacing

TFX transit time flow meters are sold with four different transducer
types: DTTN, DTTH, DTTS and DTTC. Meters that utilize DTTN or
DTTH transducer sets consist of two separate sensors that function
as both ultrasonic transmitters and receivers. DTTS and DTTC
transducers integrate both the transmitter and receiver into one
assembly that fixes the separation of the piezoelectric crystals.
DTTN and DTTH transducers are clamped on the outside of a
closed pipe at a specific distance from each other.

The transducers can be

• W-Mount where the sound transverses the pipe four times.

This mounting method produces the best relative travel time
values but the weakest signal strength.

• V-Mount where the sound transverses the pipe twice.

V-Mount is a compromise between travel time and signal
strength.

• Z-Mount where the transducers are mounted on opposite

sides of the pipe and the sound crosses the pipe once.
Z-Mount will yield the best signal strength but the smallest
relative travel time.

For further details, reference Figure 2.1 located under Table 2.2 on
page 2.5. The appropriate mounting configuration is based on pipe
and liquid
mounting method
iterative process. Table 2.2 contains recommended mounting
configurations for common applications. These recommended
configurations may need to be modified for specific applications if
such things as aeration, suspended solids or poor piping conditions
are present. Use of the TFX diagnostics in determining the optimum
transducer mounting is covered later in this section.

characteristics. Selection of the proper transducer

is not entirely predictable and many times is an

mounted in:

Rev. 5/09 - 2.4 - TFXP

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER & RTD INSTALLATION

Transducer

Mounting Mode

W-Mount

V-Mount

Z-Mount

Pipe Material Pipe Size Liquid Composition

Plastic (all types)
Carbon Steel
Stainless Steel
Copper
Ductile Iron
Cast Iron1

Plastic (all types)
Carbon Steel
Stainless Steel
Copper
Ductile Iron
Cast Iron

Plastic (all types)
Carbon Steel
Stainless Steel
Copper
Ductile Iron
Cast Iron

2-4 in (50-100 mm)
2-4 in (50-100 mm)
2-4 in (50-100 mm)
2-4 in (50-100 mm)
Not recommended
Not recommended

4-12 in (100-300 mm)
4-12 in (100-300 mm)
4-12 in (100-300 mm)
4-30 in (100-750 mm)
2-12 in (50-300 mm)
2-12 in (50-300 mm)

> 30 in (> 750 mm)
> 12 in (> 300 mm)
> 12 in (> 300 mm)
> 30 in (> 750 mm)
> 12 in (> 300 mm)
> 12 in (> 300 mm)

Low TSS; non-aerated

Low TSS; non-aerated

Low TSS; non-aerated

TSS = Total Suspended Solids

Table 2.2 — Transducer Mounting Modes - DTTN / DTTH

Figure 2.1 — Transducer Mounting Modes - DTTN / DTTH

Rev. 5/09 - 2.5 - TFXP

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER & RTD INSTALLATION

Size Frequency Transducer

DTTSnP

1/2 2 MHz

3/4 2 MHz

2 MHz

1

NOTE: DTTS transducer designation refers to both DTTS and DTTC transducer types.

DTTSnC DTTSnC

DTTSnT DTTSnT
DTTSnP
DTTSnC DTTSnC

DTTSnT DTTSnT
DTTSnP
DTTSnC DTTSnC

DTTSnT 2 MHz DTTSnT

Mounting

Mode

W

W

W

Size Frequency Transducer

DTTSnP

1-1/4 2 MHz

1-1/2 2 MHz

1 MHz

2

DTTSnP

DTTSnP

Table 2.3 — Transducer Mounting Modes - DTTS / DTTC

Mounting

Mode

W

W

V

W

Entering Pipe
and Liquid
Data

The TFX system calculates proper transducer spacing by utilizing
piping and liquid information entered by the user. This information
can be entered via the keypad on a TFXP or via the optional
ULTRALINK™ software utility.

NOTE: Transducer spacing is calculated on “ideal” pipe. Ideal pipe
is almost never found so the transducer spacing distances should
be considered as starting points. An effective way to maximize
signal strength is to configure the display to show signal strength, fix
one transducer on the pipe and then starting at the calculated
spacing move the remaining transducer small distances forward and
back to find the maximum signal strength point.

Rev. 5/09 - 2.6 - TFXP

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER & RTD INSTALLATION

Important!
Enter all of
the data on
this list, save
the data
and reset the
TFX before
mounting
transducers

The following information is required before programming the
instrument.

NOTE: Much of the data relating to material sound speed, viscosity
and specific gravity is preprogrammed into the TFX flow meter. This
data only needs to be modified if it is known that a particular liquid’s
data varies from the reference value. Refer to Part 3 of this manual
for instructions on entering configuration data into the TFX flow
meter via the meter keypad. Refer to Part 4 for data entry via
ULTRALINK™ software.

1. Transducer mounting configuration – see Table 2.2 on page

2.5 and Table 2.3 on page 2.6

2. Pipe O.D. (outside diameter)

3. Pipe wall thickness

4. Pipe material

5. Pipe sound speed1

6. Pipe relative roughness1

7. Pipe liner thickness (if present)

8. Pipe liner material (if present)

9. Fluid type

10. Fluid sound speed1

11. Fluid viscosity1

12. Fluid specific gravity1

1

Nominal values for these parameters are included within the TFX
operating system. The nominal values may be used as they
appear or may be modified if exact system values are known.

After entering the data listed above, the TFX will calculate proper
transducer spacing for the particular data set. This distance will be
in inches if the TFX is configured in English units, or millimeters if
configured in metric units.

Rev. 5/09 - 2.7 - TFXP

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER & RTD INSTALLATION

3. Transducer Mounting

After selecting an optimal mounting location (Step 1) and
successfully determining the proper transducer spacing (Step 2) the
transducers may now be mounted onto the pipe.

Pipe
Preparation

Before the transducers are mounted onto the pipe surface, an area
slightly larger than the flat surface of each transducer must be
cleaned of all rust, scale and moisture. For pipes with rough
surfaces, such as ductile iron pipe, it is recommended that the pipe
surface be ground flat. Paint and other coatings, if not flaked or
bubbled, need not be removed. Plastic pipes typically do not
require surface preparation other than soap and water cleaning.

The DTTN and DTTH transducers must be properly oriented and
spaced on the pipe to provide optimum reliability and performance.
On horizontal pipes, when Z-Mount is required, the transducers
should be mounted 180 radial degrees from one another and at
least 45 degrees from the top-dead-center and bottom-dead-center
of the pipe. See Figure 2.2. Also see Z-Mount Transducer
Installation on page 2.13. On vertical pipes the orientation is not
critical.

Figure 2.2 — Transducer Orientation - Horizontal Pipes

Rev. 5/09 - 2.8 - TFXP

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER & RTD INSTALLATION

The spacing between the transducers is measured between the two
spacing marks on the sides of the transducers. These marks are
approximately 3/4 inch back from the nose of the transducer. See
Figure 2.3.

DTTS and DTTC transducers should be mounted with the cable
exiting within
Figure 2.2 on page 2.8. On vertical pipes the orientation is not
critical.

±45 degrees

of the side of a horizontal pipe. See

V-Mount and
W-Mount
Transducer
Installation

Application of
Couplant

Figure 2.3 — Transducer Spacing Marks

V-Mount and W-Mount Installation

1. For DTTN transducers, place a single bead of couplant,
approximately 1/2 inch (12 mm) thick, on the flat face of the
transducer. See Figure 2.4. Generally, a silicone-based grease
is used as an acoustic couplant, but any grease-like substance
that is rated not to “flow” at the temperature that the pipe may
operate at will be acceptable.

Figure 2.4 — Application of Couplant

Rev. 5/09 - 2.9 - TFXP

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER & RTD INSTALLATION

Transducer
Positioning

2. Place the upstream transducer in position and secure with a
mounting strap. Straps should be placed in the arched groove
on the end of the transducer. A screw is provided to help hold
the transducer onto the strap. Verify that the transducer is true
to the pipe — adjust as necessary. Tighten the transducer strap
securely.

3. Place the downstream transducer on the pipe at the calculated
transducer spacing. See Figure 2.5. Using firm hand pressure,
slowly move the transducer both towards and away from the
upstream transducer while observing signal strength. Signal
strength can be displayed on the TFX display or on the main
data screen in ULTRALINK™. See Part 4 of this manual for
details regarding the ULTRALINK™ software utility. Clamp the
transducer at the position where the highest signal strength is
observed. The factory default signal strength setting is 5
percent, however there are many application specific conditions
that may prevent the signal strength from attaining this level. If
after trying alternate transducer locations and/or mounting
modes the signal strength remains below 5 percent, then
reducing the Low Signal Cutoff setting may be necessary. A
minimum signal strength of 2 percent is acceptable as long as
the 2 percent signal is maintained under all conditions.

(Top view of pipe)

Figure 2.5 — Transducer Positioning

Rev. 5/09 - 2.10 - TFXP

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER & RTD INSTALLATION

4.

If after adjustment of the transducers the signal strength does
not rise to above 5 percent, then an alternate transducer
mounting method should be selected. If the mounting method
was W­TFX, move the downstream transducer to the new location and
repeat Step 3 on page 2.10.

5. Certain pipe and liquid characteristics may cause sign al strength
to rise to greater than 195 percent. The problem with operating a
TFX with very high signal strength is that the signals may
saturate the input amplifiers and cause erratic readings. To
decrease the signal strength, move one transducer a small
distance radially around the pipe, as shown in Figure 2.6.

Mount, then reconfigure the TFX for V-Mount, reset the

Figure 2.6 — High Signal Strength Correction

Rev. 5/09 - 2.11 - TFXP

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER & RTD INSTALLATION

DTTH
Transducers
for High
Temperature

DTTS/DTTC
Small Pipe
Transducer
Installation

DTTH High Temperature Transducers

Mounting of high temperature transducers is similar to standard
DTTN transducers. High temperature installations require acoustic
couplant that is rated not to “flow” at the temperature that will be
present on the pipe surface.

Installation consists of the following steps:

1. Apply a thin coating of high temperature acoustic couplant to the
entire surface of the transducer face. The thickness of the
application should be approximately 1/16 inch (1.5 mm).

2. Install the two transducers following the procedures detailed in
the DTTN instructions on page 2.9 of this manual.

DTTS/DTTC Small Pipe Transducer Installation

The small pipe transducers are designed for specific pipe outside
diameters. Do not attempt to mount a DTTS or DTTC transducer
onto a pipe that is either too large or too small for the transducer.
Contact the Dynasonics factory to arrange for a replacement
transducer that is the correct size.

DTTS and DTTC installations consist of the following steps:

1. Apply a thin coating of silicone grease to both halves of the
transducer housing where the housing will contact the pipe. See

Figure 2.8.

Figure 2.8 — Application of Grease

DTTS and DTTC Transducers

Rev. 5/09 - 2.12 - TFXP